Allen Poe
Edgar-Allan-Poe-介绍
III Historical position
( I ) He is one of the most famous American Poets, fictionists and literature critics.
Influence
Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today.
Life Experience
Final days: a His wife died in 1847, 10 days after his birthday. b After losing his wife, Poe collapsed from stress and was also in poor health . c He died in October 7, 1849 with some uncertain reasons.
as long as “The Raven”). 3. Its chief aim is beauty, namely, to produce a feeling of
美国文学爱伦坡安娜贝尔
range and unhealthy, lurid quality terrible George Bernard Shaw: the greatest journalistic
Annabel Lee
This is one of the best American love poems.
The theme is eternal love.
Using simple diction, subtle rhetoric to reveal the immortal subject – love.
于是他们把我和她妒嫉—— 对——就是这个缘故谁不晓得呢, 在这个滨海的国度里
云端刮起了寒风, 冻僵并带走了我的安娜贝尔..
by the sea
That the wind came out of
the cloud,
Chilling and killing my
Annabel Lee.
But our love it很was stronger by 可我们的爱情远远地胜利
criticism.
Life experience
A gifted but tormented man, no great author in American literary circles had a more tragic life than Poe.
A miserable childhood: born in Boston, both parents died within three years after his birth, taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia, had an unhappy relationship with his foster father.
爱伦坡-乌鸦-Edgar-Allen-Poe-and-The-Raven
The Philosophy of Composition 《创作原理》 The Poetic Principle 《诗歌原则》
Themes
1. death – predominant theme
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
2. He is the father of psychoanalytic(心理 分析的) criticism.
3. He is the father of the detective story.
The analysis of some
images
in The Raven
The raven and the demon
an evil genius
Emerson: "the jingle man"
Whitman: “its narrow range and unhealthy, lurid quality” (不丰富的选 材和不健康、可怕的质量)
He was understood by critics and other writers in America.
乌鸦诗
秋思 马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥 流水人家。 古道西风瘦马，夕阳 西下，断肠人在天涯。
秋思 白朴 孤村落日残霞,轻烟老 树寒鸦一点飞虹影下, 青山绿水,白草红叶黄 花。
Meaning changing
Actually before Tang dynasty the raven had a meaning of luck and people thought they were prophets, but after Tang the raven has become an ill-omen
Edgar_Allan_Poe
Teaching Objectives: Know something about the life and major works of Edgar Allen Poe; Understand the definition of Gothic Novel; Know something about Poe’s theory on poem and short story and his writing style; Learn to analyze The Raven.
1 The Raven (1844) 《乌鸦》
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔丽》 The Sleeper 《睡美人》 A Dream Within a Dream 《梦中梦》 Israfel 《伊斯拉菲尔》 The Bells 《钟》 Sonnet – To Science 《十四行诗--致科学》 To Helen 《献给海伦》 The City in the Sea 《海中的城市》
Life experience
A struggling life: in 1833, became an editor of Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond, lost the position because of excessive drinking and an inability to meet deadlines, managed to regain the job in 1835. At 27, married his 13-year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm, drifted for several years as editors in different magazines but remained poor all his life.
爱伦·坡语录
爱伦·坡语录以下是爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）的一些著名语录：1. "All that we see or seem is but a dream within a dream." - From the poem "A Dream Within a Dream".（我们所看到和所感受的一切只是一个梦中的梦。
——出自诗歌《梦中之梦》）2. "I became insane, with long intervals of horrible sanity." - From a letter to George W. Eveleth.（我陷入疯狂，但偶尔会有可怕的理智。
——出自给乔治·W·伊夫利斯的信）3. "Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality." - From the short story "The Fall of the House of Usher".（如果没有真实的恐怖，言辞就无法打动人的心灵。
——出自短篇小说《厄舍府的倒塌》）4. "I have great faith in fools - self-confidence, my friends will call it." - From the short story "Marginalia".（我对傻瓜有着极大的信心——我的朋友们会称之为自信。
——出自短篇小说《旁注》）5. "Believe nothing you hear, and only one half that you see." - From the short story "The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether".（不要相信你所听到的一切，只相信你所看到的一半。
安娜贝尔·李》poe l5
1945年，美国侦探小说协会设立了 爱伦· 坡奖，以表彰出色的原创美国侦探小说。 最初它只有一个奖项：最佳处女作奖。
1948年它又设立了最佳短篇小说奖，从此不断 扩充“阵容”。至今它由13个分支奖项组成， 除文学作品外，它也奖励侦探题材的电影伦· 坡奖只颁发给美国作家。从1954年 开始，随着最佳小说奖的设立，翻译作品也可 以参选。
这就是那不幸的根源，很久以前 在这个滨海的国度里， 夜里一阵寒风从白云端吹起，冻僵了 我的安娜贝尔.李；
于是她那些高贵的亲戚来到凡间 把她从我的身边夺去， 将她关进一座坟墓 在这个滨海的国度里。
The angels, not half so happy in heaven, Went envying her and meYes!- that was the reason (as all men know, In this kingdom by the sea) That the wind came out of the cloud by night, Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. 这些天使们在天上，不及我们一半快活， 于是他们把我和她妒嫉—— 对——就是这个缘故（谁不晓得呢，在这个滨海的国度 里） 云端刮起了寒风， 冻僵并带走了我的安娜贝尔.李。
1849年，潦倒的爱伦· 坡因醉酒死在一家酒馆里。 去世前几年，他曾完成过5个惊悚的短篇小说。 看上去他对这些作品并不太在意，因为他称之为 “游戏之作”。但他一定没想到，就是这几部小 说，成为了现代侦探小说的开山之作，他本人也 被侦探小说界视作“圣徒”式的人物。
他更没想到的是，在将近一百年后，一项以其名 字命名的侦探小说奖项被设立，并被视为该领域 的“奥斯卡奖”。
Edgar Allan Poe
11
Death
•Edgar Allan Edgar Poe is buried in Baltimore, Maryland.
12
Death
• 爱伦 坡协会表示，每年都在 爱伦·坡协会表示， 坡协会表示 马里兰州巴尔的摩爱伦坡之 墓留下玫瑰花与法国白兰地 的神秘访客，今年没有现身， 的神秘访客，今年没有现身， 这是他61年来首度失约。 61年来首度失约 这是他61年来首度失约。自 1949年 爱伦·坡100岁冥诞以 1949年，爱伦 坡100岁冥诞以 来，一位身着斗篷的人士每 年每年都在他的墓前留下一 瓶法国白兰地与几朵玫瑰， 瓶法国白兰地与几朵玫瑰， 向这位传奇诗人致敬， 向这位传奇诗人致敬，时间 通常在晚上。 通常在晚上。据说曾有约五 十人从头天晚间开始便等着 目睹这位被称为“爱伦·坡祭 目睹这位被称为“爱伦 坡祭 酒”的神秘客，但是徒劳无 的神秘客， 功。
14
Selected list of works
Tales
• 《黑猫》（The Black Cat） 黑猫》 Cat） • 《阿蒙特拉多酒桶》（The Cask of Amontillado） 阿蒙特拉多酒桶》 Amontillado） • 《大漩涡历险记》（A Descent Into The 大漩涡历险记》 Maelstrom） Maelstrom） • 《阿夏家之傾倒》（The Fall of the House of 阿夏家之傾倒》 Usher） Usher） • 《金甲虫》（The Gold-Bug） 金甲虫》 Gold-Bug） • 《莉姬亚》（Ligeia） 莉姬亚》 Ligeia） • 《红死神的面具》（The Masque of the Red 红死神的面具》 Death） Death） • 《莫格街谋杀案》（The Murders in the Rue 莫格街谋杀案》 Morgue） Morgue） • 《椭圆画像》（The Oval Portrait） 椭圆画像》 Portrait） • 《陷坑与钟摆》（The Pit and the Pendulum） 陷坑与钟摆》 Pendulum） 15 • 《活葬》（The Premature Burial） 活葬》 Burial） • 《失窃的信》（Purloined Letter） 失窃的信》 Letter）
Allen Poe 爱伦坡
Internal rhyme（行内韵）:
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, … Eagerly I wished the morrow;-vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow— sorrow for the lost Lenore…(stanza 2)
The Fall of the House of Usher
It shows Poe's ability to create an emotional tone in his work, specifically feelings of fear, doom, and guilt. These emotions center on Roderick Usher who, like many Poe characters, suffers from an unnamed disease. The illness manifests physically but is based in Roderick's mental or even moral state.
The Tell-Tale Heart
"TRUE！ - nervous - very， very dreadfully nervous I had been and am； but why will you say that I am mad？ The disease had sharpened my senses - not destroyed - not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How， then， am I mad？ Hearken！ and observe how healthily - how calmly I can tell you the whole story."
美国文学史 Allen Poe
It has been supposed that he was captured in a drunken condition by a political gang, which used him for the then common practice of repeating votes. Four days later, he died.
On his way North to bring Mr. Clemm (first mother-in-law) to the second wedding, he stopped in Baltimore, where five days afterward he was discovered in a delirious condition near a saloon that had been used for a voting place.
Poe was a fascinating man of imagination interested in deduction and induction. On the one hand he was much given to the world of imagination and fancy, and on the other, he was also a full rational human being, logical to a fault, with an intuitive faculty and a sixth sense impossible to define.
Major Themes
1. Love - usually of a mourning man for his deceased beloved.Poe-The Raven.doc 2. Pride - physical and intellectual. 3. Beauty - of a young woman either dying or dead. Poe-Annabel Lee.doc 4. Death - a source of horror.
Lesson 4 Edgar Allen Poe 美国文学
• 4. Baudelaire first took note of the psychological content of Poe’s tales and regarded Poe as ―a writer of nerves‖, and Erich Heller saw Poe’s contribution to the ―discovery and colonization of the mind‖; what interests Poe most is the deep abyss of the unconscious and subconscious mental activity of the people. Poe 在精神分析小说做出了贡献，他对非意识 和潜意识的精神活动的分析非常感兴趣。 • 5. Poe’s assumption seems to be that every mind is half mad or capable of slipping into insanity. As a result of this, his fictional characters are mostly neurotics. Poe 认为每个人都有 神经质的一面，所以他的小说主人公大多是神经病患者。 • 6. Poe’s heroes are mostly ―isolatoes‖, with no sense of identity, no names even, alienation from society. 他的小说主 人公大多没有确切的身份，没有名字，远离社会。
III. Edgarrotesque and the Arabesque 《奇异怪诞故事 集》 • MS. Found in a Bottle 《瓶子里发现的手稿》 • The Murders in the Rue Morgue 《毛格街杀人案》 • The Fall of the House of Usher 《厄舍古屋的倒塌》 • The Masque of the Red Death 《红色死亡的化妆舞会 》 • The Cask of Amontillado 《一桶酒的故事》 • The Raven 《乌鸦》 • Israfel 《伊斯拉菲尔》 • Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔•李》 • To Helen 《致海伦》 • The Poetic Principle 《诗歌原理》 • The Philosophy of Composition 《创作哲学》
爱伦坡_乌鸦_Edgar_Allen_Poe_and_The_Raven
Virginia
He was born in Boston. But shortly, he became an orphan, both of his parents died. A merchant of Richmond, Virginia adopted him.
Virginia University
Virginia
As a editor, Poe had a secure position and a steady income, he married his young cousin, Virginia, who was 13 years old, in 1835. But later, Virginia died of tuberculosis(结核 病）. He liked drinking very much. His death was related to it. And his death remained a mystery.
Ratiocination（推理）
―The Murders in the Rue Morgue‖ 《莫格街谋杀案》 ―The Gold Bug‖《金甲虫》 ―The Purloined Letter‖《被窃的信件》
―The Mystery of Marie Roget‖ 《玛丽罗杰谜案》
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
works
January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849.
He was an American author,
poet,
editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement.
allan poe to helen赏析
allan poe to helen赏析【诗歌背景和作者简介】埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）是美国19世纪著名的作家、诗人和文艺评论家。
他的诗歌作品以神秘、忧郁和浪漫主义风格著称，对后世美国文学产生了深远的影响。
这首《致海伦》（To Helen）是他创作于1831年的一首抒情诗，表达了诗人对美丽、优雅和纯洁的向往。
【诗歌的结构和形式】《致海伦》共分为四节，每节五行，采用抑扬格五音步（iambic pentameter）的诗歌形式。
这种形式使得诗歌在朗读时具有优美的节奏感，为诗人表达内心情感提供了恰当的载体。
诗中还运用了丰富的修辞手法，如比喻、拟人、象征等，增强了诗歌的艺术效果。
【诗歌的主题和情感】这首诗的主题是对美丽、优雅和纯洁的赞美。
诗人将海伦比喻为古希腊神话中的美丽女神，表达了对她的倾慕之情。
通过描绘海伦的眼睛、笑容和名字，诗人展示了她的魅力和神秘。
同时，诗人在诗中抒发了自己对生活的感慨，透露出一种忧郁、孤独的气质。
【诗歌的艺术价值和影响力】《致海伦》是埃德加·爱伦·坡诗歌的代表作之一，展现了诗人独特的审美观和诗歌风格。
这首诗通过对美丽女神的赞美，表达了诗人对生活的热爱和对美的追求。
同时，诗中还蕴含着一种深邃的哲理，启发读者思考生活中的美好与悲伤。
这首诗在当时和后世受到了广泛赞誉，对美国文学产生了深远的影响。
总结：通过对《致海伦》的赏析，我们可以看到埃德加·爱伦·坡作为一位杰出的诗人，以独特的艺术手法表达了自己对美丽、优雅和纯洁的向往。
这首诗不仅具有很高的艺术价值，还对后世文学产生了深远的影响。
poe的文学成就
poe的文学成就
poe的文学成就：埃德加·爱伦·坡——美国小说家
埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe)(1809～1849)，19世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家，美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。
埃德加·爱伦·坡1809年1月19日生于马萨诸塞州的波士顿，他年幼时父母双亡，随即被弗吉尼亚州里士满的约翰和弗朗西丝斯·爱伦夫妇收养，在弗吉尼亚大学就读了短暂的一段时间后辍学，之后从军，爱伦·坡离开了爱伦夫妇。
爱伦坡低调地开始了他的写作生涯，匿名出版了诗集《帖木尔和其它的诗》。
1835年他在巴尔的摩和13岁的表妹弗吉尼亚·克莱姆结婚。
1838年《阿瑟·戈登·皮姆的故事》出版并被受到了广泛的关注。
1839年夏天，爱伦·坡成为《伯顿绅士杂志》(Burton's Gentleman's Magazine)的助理编辑。
这期间他发表了的随笔、小说，和评论，加强了他在《南方文学信使》工作时期开始确立的敏锐批评家的声誉，同期，《怪异故事集》上下卷在1839年出版。
1845年1月，爱伦·坡发表诗歌“乌鸦”，一时声誉鹊起。
1849年10月7日逝于巴尔的摩。
主要成就：创建侦探小说、恐怖小说、效果论
代表作品：小说《黑猫》、《厄舍府的倒塌》，诗《乌鸦》、《安娜贝尔·丽》。
爱伦坡黑猫经典语录英文
爱伦坡黑猫经典语录英文Title: Allen Poe"s Black Cat Quotes: Inspiration for Writers and Creative Minds"The black cat who walked across the moon was not a cat at all, but a demon in human form; and when she purred, she hissed." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""The very essence of evil is darkness." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""The most terrifying thing in the world is silence." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""The heart is a little world of its own, and has its own rules." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""One must have a heart of stone not to feel something at the sight of an innocent child being torn to pieces." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""There is a crack in everything. That"s how the light gets in." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""The most beautiful thing in the world is a smile that never fades." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""Evil always triumphs, because good people don"t give up." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""The past is a foreign country: they do things differentlythere." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""If you want to know who your friends are, look at how you treat those who you think are your enemies." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""The only way to deal with a demon is to become one yourself." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""In the darkness, one must use their eyes, not their imagination." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""The only way to predict the future is to create it." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat"" Evil always comes back to haunt those who ignore it." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat""The only way to defeat a demon is to become one yourself." - Allen Poe, "The Black Cat"These are just a few of the many classic quotes by Allen Poe, the American author known for his horror and dark fiction. Poe"s works continue to inspire readers and writers alike, and his words continue to offer wisdom and inspiration to those who need it. Whether you"re a writer or just looking for some spooky inspiration, Poe"s words can offer a sense of comfort and guidance.。
allan poe to helen赏析
allan poe to helen赏析
【介绍Edgar Allan Poe及其作品背景】
Edgar Allan Poe（1809-1849）是美国19世纪著名的文学家、诗人、编辑和文学评论家。
他的作品以神秘、黑暗、死亡为主题，被称为“恐怖小说大师”。
《To Helen》是他的一首脍炙人口的诗歌，创作于1831年。
这首诗歌表达了诗人对美丽、优雅和纯洁的向往，同时也反映了他在人生道路上寻找精神指引的渴望。
【分析诗歌结构与形式】
《To Helen》共四节，每节四句，采用抑扬格五音步的诗歌形式。
诗人运用了丰富的修辞手法，如比喻、拟人、排比等，增强了诗歌的音韵美和视觉美。
【解读诗歌主题与情感】
在这首诗中，艾伦（Helen）象征着美丽、优雅和纯洁，她是诗人心中的女神。
诗人通过对艾伦的赞美，表达了对美好生活的向往和对人生意义的追求。
同时，诗歌也流露出诗人对现实生活的无奈和忧伤，以及对逝去时光的感慨。
【探讨诗歌中的象征意义】
在《To Helen》中，月亮、星光、夜色等元素具有象征意义。
月亮代表诗人心中的理想和信仰，星光则是希望的象征。
夜色则暗示了现实世界的黑暗和压抑。
这些象征手法使诗歌具有更丰富的内涵和深刻的寓意。
【总结诗歌的艺术价值】
《To Helen》是一首具有极高艺术价值的诗歌。
诗人通过对形式、结构和修辞手法的巧妙运用，展现了诗歌的音乐美、视觉美和意境美。
同时，诗歌中的象征意义和情感表达，使读者在欣赏诗歌的过程中产生共鸣和思考。
死亡诗社告诉我们的道理
死亡诗社告诉我们的道理《死亡诗社》是由美国著名诗人EdgarAllenPoe于1845年发表的一篇叙事散文诗。
诗歌中描述了一支由若干死些人组成的诗社，他们在夜晚在一个小村子里欢聚一堂，在火把的暗淡光照下读诗、唱歌、谈话、审议计划，以此作为对生活的追求。
一位年轻诗人在诗中描绘了一个世界，一个出乎意料的世界，让人仿佛有另一个世界正在发展，死者们又有了另一种生活。
诗中的景象令人触动，令人反思生命与死亡的关系，令我们探究生命的意义和价值。
生命的意义和价值是一个永恒的命题，是一个无法回避的命题。
死亡是生命的终点，却也是生命的开始，对死亡的恐惧不可避免，但对于生命的意义和价值，却要坚定不移，才能开启生命的新篇章。
通过《死亡诗社》，我们可以深入地思考死亡的真谛。
诗中的成员虽然为死者，但他们却以不死的姿态生活，这正是受死亡的威慑，而作出永恒的反抗，人们并不担心取而代之的是一样的物质。
死亡的早晚对他们来说并不重要，重要的是，他们通过追求知识、交流情感、慈善事业等方式，把自己的生命活出来，让自己拥有更加丰富的生活。
死亡诗社也教会我们，“死亡”可以改变生命，而不是终结生命。
死亡虽说平淡，但是却是一种改变，是一种极大的改变：从死亡中改变，就是改变生命的意义和价值，把死亡看作离别，而不是毁灭，死者虽在死亡，但活在灵魂中。
改变的关键在于，他们要把一切都拿出来，以及他们想要的活着的时间，把这一切都充分利用起来，而不是一味地把握有限的时间，只为了实现自己的梦想。
死亡诗社告诉我们另一个道理，即要拥抱生命的珍贵，不要因为恐惧而避免行动。
死者们在诗中简直就是生命的象征，他们站在死亡和生命之间，死而又活，此时此刻把自己的生命活出来，勇敢地追求自己的梦想，实现自己的价值，这正是《死亡诗社》所要教给我们的道理，不管生命有多长，不管死亡多近，都要珍惜生命的每一刻，勇敢地追求自己想象中的未来，把自己的生命活出来。
总之，《死亡诗社》告诉我们，即使面对死亡，我们也要勇敢地面对生活，使用有限的生命活出不朽的辉煌。
Edger Allen Poe
Literary Giant: Edgar Allen PoeRalph Waldo Emerson called him the jingle man, Mark Twain said that his prose was unreadable, and Henry James felt that a taste for his work was the mark of a second-rate sensibility. He is the literary giant in America and also the world, Edgar Allen Poe.1. General introduction about Edger Allen PoeEdgar Allen Poe was an American writer, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. He was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective-fiction genre. And also he was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, which resulting in a financially difficult life and career.2. Life and experienceEdgar Allen Pop lived a roundabout life. From his born to his death he lived so arduously.2.1 Early lifeHe was born in 1809 and lost his parents when he was still very small, then adopted by John Allan, a wealthy merchant of Virginia. For a brief period Poe was happy with the Allen family, but friction soon began to develop between the boy and his foster father.2.2 College and Military careerPop enter the University of Virginia, but left a short time of law as Allen wished. After a brief enlistment in the army, Pop accepted an appointment toWest Point, which Allen had helped to arrange. Pop was discharged less than a year later, in 1831, for reasons that are still not completely clear. The episode marked the final break between Pop and the Allan.By 1831, Poe had already published three version of his early poetry.Poe was first stationed at Boston's Fort Independence while in the army.2.3 Publishing careerThe year from 1837 to 1845 were hard, yet in spirit of shifting jobs and chronic poverty, Pop managed to write some of his most famous stories during this period. In 1838, he published his one full-length novel, the narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym. And in 1841, his another work the murders in the rue morgue, an ingenious detective story, became the ancestor of the genre, influencing many writers including Conan Doyle. The Raven was published in 1845 as the title poem of a collection. The poem ―the raven‖ was an immediate success and has remained one of his most enduring works. He also worked as editor of a number of magazines. Through his essays and reviews, Pop had also gained stature as a literary critic. Yet none of his successes brought him security. Misfortune spoiled every opportunity and frustrated his dream of starting his own magazine.2.3 Poe‘s DeathAt 27, he married his 13-year-old cousin, whose death in 1847 left him inconsolable and bitterer with life than ever. During the last two years of his life, Poe was seriously ill--perhaps with a brain lesion--and drinking steadily. On Election Day, October 3, 1949, he was found senseless near a polling place. And he was taken to a hospital, he died on October 7, ―of congestion of the brain.‖3. Poe's achievement3.1 Poe's best known fiction works are Gothic, a genre he followed toappease the public taste .Many of his works are generally considered part of the dark romanticism genre, a literary reaction to transcendentalism, which Poe strongly disliked. So the themes of his works are about the death–predominant theme ―Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe‘s writings is dead.‖ Another theme is the horror and the last one is negative thoughts of science.3.2 Firstly, Poe was mostly recognized as a literary critic. Secondly, Poe was also known as a writer of fiction and became one of the first American authors of the 19th century to become more popular in Europe than in the United States. Thirdly, Poe's early detective fiction tales laid the groundwork for future detectives in literature.No writer has the ability to evoke a sense of horror and dread more effectively than Edgar Allan Poe.He has always advocated ―art for art ‖ and a great writer of fiction, a poet of the first rank, and a critic of insight.3.3 Fellow critic James Russell Lowell called him "the most discriminating, philosophical, and fearless critic upon imaginative works who has written in America", though he questioned if he occasionally used prussic acid instead of ink.4. Comprehension of Edger Allen PopEdger Allen Pop is a contentious person in the literary field. Different people have different opinions. People who endure different backgrounds will have different understanding of him and his works.4.1 Positive AssessmentEdgar Allen Pop is a giant of literature. Many famous people have a high appraisal to him. Bernard Shaw says that "America has produced two great writers —— Edgar Allan Poe and Mark Twain." ―He is a sitting of the anchor of American literature, he will be able to provide a solid foundation of American literature alone." which is the comment of Carlos.4.2 Negative AssessmentNevertheless there are also some negative assessments to him. For example Poe‗s writing was the equivalent of wearing a diamond ring on every fingerand that his poetry tried to be ―too poetical‖ and ―falls into vulgarity.‖ And Almost any moral principles, there is no concrete things and their heroism and no more simple soul . Edgar‘s poetry showed great skill and beauty. The rhythm of the night , a leopard cannot change the subject of unspoken preference, each page of a domestic----the general background.4.3 You may say he is a devil or he is a angel. However, no matter how you definite his character we must realize that his life and background made him whom he is. We can not ignore the inherent genetic and the surrounding of his whole life. Especially the body and mind damages in his old age.He grew up without the accompany of parents so he was not satisfied with the warmth ansd security which made him a sensitive person. For him the real world is unbearable so he indulge in writing and drinking. He can felt satisfication and press his emotion. But he is neither a person who escape from the reality nor a dreaming person. We can see that he is a person who strive for reality from his positive attitude towards writing. His review article are strong proofs of his personality. For that only keep a sober-mind can he write so much clear, logical, and thoroughly works.When we want to describe a person we shoule notice that nobody is perfect. Though he is a great one he also has his fault. But wu must recognise him objectively. Just for Edgar Allen Pop, actually he has some negative assessments but he is really a giant in the American literature. As an American writer, poet, editor and literary critic, he was considered part of the American Romantic Movement. He was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective-fiction genre. And also he was the first well-known American writerto try to earn a living through writing alone. Poe was mostly recognized as a literary critic. Poe was also known as a writer of fiction and became one of the first American authors of the 19th century to become more popular in Europe than in the United States. Poe's early detective fiction tales laid the groundwork for future detectives in literature.No writer has the ability to evoke a sense of horror and dread more effectively than Edgar Allan Poe.He has always advocated ―art for art‖ and a great writer of fiction, a poet of the first rank, an d a critic of insight. These are all the demonstration of that Edger Allen Pop is a literary giant.My Future:I want to be a teacher after my graduation. I always work hard for my dream. The most important thing is the Teacher Certification and I will get it right now. And I am trying to develop my teaching skills. After I finish my college I will go back my hometown and to be a teacher in the junior high school in my hometown.Literary Giant: Edgar Allen Poe2009级英语宋月娇学号：19。
Adgar Allen Poe 埃德加 爱伦坡
• 2. Horror • 3.Negative thoughts of science
Achievement
①American author, poet, editor and literary critic . ②One of the earliest American practitioners of the short story . ③Considered the inventor of the detective-fiction genre. ④His aesthetics, his call for "the rhythmical creation of beauty" have influenced French symbolists and the devotees of "art for art's sake." ⑤Acknowledged as one of the most brilliant and original writers in American literature. 心理分析的) ⑥Father of psychoanalytic(心理分析的 criticism. 心理分析的
3.意境美 3.意境美
作者大量运用大量运用意（ ），即用具体 作者大量运用大量运用意（image），即用具体 ）， 的形象或画面表达作者在理智和感情方面的体会。 的形象或画面表达作者在理智和感情方面的体会。 意象根据人的感官表现为视觉意象、听觉意象、 意象根据人的感官表现为视觉意象、听觉意象、 嗅觉意象、触觉意象、味觉意象、动觉意象、 嗅觉意象、触觉意象、味觉意象、动觉意象、抽 象意象。在第一节中bore,第二节中 第二节中roam,给人 象意象。在第一节中 第二节中 给人 强烈的动感，称为动觉意象。第二节thy 强烈的动感，称为动觉意象。第二节 hyacinth hair和第三节 和第三节brilliant window-niche 和第三节 直接作用于我们的视觉，称为视觉意象。此外， 直接作用于我们的视觉，称为视觉意象。此外， 用perfumed sea作用于我们的嗅觉，称为嗅觉 作用于我们的嗅觉， 作用于我们的嗅觉 意象。 意象
爱伦坡诗学原理
唯美主义形成的漫长过程
对“纯艺术”的追求一直时隐时现地出现在从古希腊时期到18世纪康德和席勒的 德国古典美学中。 济慈——唯美主义的先驱——“美的东西是永久的欢乐” 戈蒂耶—— 浪漫主义想唯美主义的过度者 比蒂—— “文艺批评家不在乎掌握知识，罗列材料，而应该具有一种特殊的气 质，善于感受美的对象能力。”
莫理—— “改造社会的目的是自由伸展，就非得使日常生活艺术化不可。”
罗塞蒂 〉两位拉尔菲前派的诗人
史文朋 ……
Influence
attack on " the heresy of the didatic" call for "the rhythmical creation of beauty"
french symbolists and the devotees of the " art for atr's sake"
Edgar Allen Poe
Sylive
唯美主义
由于19世纪末的商品经济，物质主义的冲击，基督教的哀微，人们普 遍感受到了自我的迷失。在这样的背景下，人们把美好的愿望寄托于 艺术中来实现，从而逃避现实社会的黑暗，为自己悲观，绝望的心理 寻求一个精神避难所。艺术是其中的先行者，他们首先起来拒斥商品 经济对艺术的污染，提出“为艺术而艺术”的口号，由此来捍卫艺术 的独立性和应有的审美品位。 唯美主义做19世纪末文学的一个重要支流，具有鲜明的艺术风格，认 为美存在艺术之外，而不是生活中；艺术超越于时代，先于生活，游 离于人生和自然之外。
All the art and literature originated from one thing--beauty. Having taken Helen as the embodiment of beauty, the poet was confident that once he saw Helen, he was sure to be led by Helen to the home of beauty---fine and pure literature. Poe insisted that Greece and Rome are the homes of beauty, the treasure houses of fine art and literature.
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. . .continued
Received by West Point, but got
himself expelled because of misbehaviorsuch as missing classes
. . . continued
Lived in poverty stricken conditions all his life
In 1847 wife died after a long illness
. . . continued
Died in Baltimore after having been found in a drunk stupor 昏迷
Edgar Allan Poe
1809-1849
His Family and Tragic Life
Born in Boston The son of traveling actors Tragic and unhappy life
Tragic and Unhappy Life
Mother died, father deserted him at
Obsession with Death
– Ghosts, blood, body parts
Maniacal发狂的 laughter Deformity畸形人
– the people who don’t look right are capable of activity beyond the norm
Use of words indicating fear, mystery, etc.:
apparition幽灵, devil, ghost, terror, fright, fainting
Other elements of the Gothic
Hidden evil
– Unspeakable, mysterious crimes, including incest 乱伦 and parricide杀亲
蒙特利瑟佯装推托不过，便带领蒙特利瑟来到 自家的酒窖。在漆黑的地下通道中，到处都是 酒桶和骷髅，阴森可怕。途中，蒙特利瑟还有 意假惺惺地劝弗图纳多返回，以免受凉，并反 复劝其饮酒御寒。蒙特利瑟引导弗图纳多来到 最深处的地窖后，旋即将其捆绑在一根事先准 备好的铁桩上，随后用石头砌起一道墙，将酒 窖的门堵死。弗图纳多终于明白了，但为时已 晚,只能听任蒙特利瑟实施复仇。
Literary Term: Gothic Elements
Supernatural horrors and an atmosphere of
unknown terror pervades the action
High emotion, sentimentalism, but also
pronounced anger, surprise, and especially terror
短篇小说《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》以意大利为背景，采用第一 人称的叙事手法讲述了主人公蒙特利瑟复仇的故事。故事开 篇，蒙特利瑟便称弗图纳多曾经多次严重地伤害过他，他出 于无奈只能默默地忍受，但是却决计找机会报复。按照蒙特 利瑟的盘算，最为合适的复仇机会应当是弗图纳多意识到自 己的下场是咎由自取，而蒙特利瑟又可以把复仇之事做得神 不知鬼不觉。狂欢节期间的一天，弗图纳多畅饮后酩酊大醉， 穿戴得像游行队伍中的小丑一样。蒙特利瑟把握住了这个机 会，告诉弗图纳多说：他购买了一桶名贵的阿芒提拉多酒， 但是不能肯定是否真是这种品牌的酒。蒙特利瑟说，他本来 想请品酒的行家弗图纳多鉴别一下，但是想到他很忙，便打 算请洛克瑞西来帮忙，因为有传言说洛克瑞西的本事不在弗 图纳多之下。弗图纳多闻听后，执意要去鉴别酒的真伪。
the age of two
adopted by Mr. and Mrs. John Allan constant disagreements with his
step-father
. . .continued
Studied briefly at the University
of Virginia doing well in his studies, but
Poe and the Gothic
Poe did not want to write gothic stories; he started his career spoofing（a satirical imitation） the Gothic.
1. Who is the nattator? what wrong does he want to redress?
It is Montresor. Fortunato has given Montresor thousands of injuries that he has to bear before he has this opportunity of taking revenge
பைடு நூலகம்
小说还暗示蒙特利瑟在杀人后可以逍遥法外，因为按照 他的盘算，他的所作所为将无人知晓。小说的聚焦点， 正是蒙特利瑟的老谋深算反衬出来的人格中更深层次的 缺陷。他比弗图纳多更邪恶，更可怕，没有节制的复仇 欲望折射出他的灵魂中污浊的一面。应当提及的是，两 个人物的名字在意大利文中是同义词，弗图纳多意为 “财富”，弗图纳多意为“财宝”，其象征意义在于暗 示他们的人性中有许多相同之处。
Introducing the modern detective story
Just a Few Titles
Short Stories Poems:
The Tell-Tale Heart
The Cask of Amontillado
The Black Cat,
The Raven Annabel Lee To Helen Lenore
3. What happens to Fortunato in the end?
The deceived Fortunado is killed because of his inability of getting out of the catacomb.
4. Describe briefly how Poe
2. What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar?
He claims that he has just got a cask of Amontilado and stores it in the wine cellar before he may find a connoisseur to testify to its authenticity
方面，而且叙事风格要简洁明了，力争使故事以较
快的节奏发展到高潮，以便产生某种单一的预期效
果。作为其短篇小说佳作之一，《阿芒提拉多的酒 桶》体现了他的小说创作艺术的基本特征。
小说的主题是爱伦·坡惯于描写的恐怖和死亡，事件发生的地点 选择在深邃、阴森的酒窖，而且仅有的两个人物都存在人格上的 缺陷。在作者的笔下，弗图纳多的缺陷呈现在明处，而蒙特利瑟 的缺陷则是隐匿的。刻画这种区别的意图，在于强化故事结尾的 高潮到来时应有的恐怖效果。弗图纳多趾高气扬，目空蒙特利瑟， 直到生命即将终结之时才霍然醒悟，认识到自己的愚蠢，但只能 在绝望的嚎叫和痛苦的挣扎中停止呼吸，歇斯底里的挣扎也无济 于事。蒙特利瑟却自始自终清楚地知道到将要发生的一切，他所 希望看到的就是弗图纳多的死亡，却以虚伪的谦卑掩盖住了自己 的意图。
与其同时代的小说家相比，埃德加·爱伦·坡 (Edgar Allan Poe)虽然创作时间短暂,但他才气卓 群,有许多与众不同的建树。其中，最主要的方面之 一，是他既拥有自己较为系统化的文学创作理论，
又能够将其理论付诸于创作实践并取得了非凡的成
就。按照他的理论，小说应当着力展示人的内心世
界，尤其是人格之中以往被忽视的病态或者阴暗的
The Pit and The Pendulum
An element of Poe’s style
Poe uses vocabulary to create setting, for rhetorical effect, rather than for information.
Modern horror films use music to create atmosphere; Poe used vocabulary.
Died a poor man
Poe worked in a variety of genres (1827-1849)
Criticism--He gained a national reputation as a sarcastic critic. The bulk of his writing consists of his
criticism, and his most abiding／lasting ambition was
to become a powerful critic. Poetry--He was an experimental poet. Psychological fiction--He wanted to produce the
greatest possible horrific effects on the reader. Detective Story--Poe created this form when he was
32.
Poe’s Work
Known for:
Tales of mystery and terror stories