十月在职教育硕士考试英语阅读练习题一
在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案一
在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案一The significance of trust is that it allows the parties involved in the relationship to indicate how they feel, what they behave, and where they disagree without fear of contradiction or reprisal(报复). Trusting relationship encourage people to disclose their plans and perceptions without hurting them selves or others. Hurt, whether real or imagined, is one of the most harmful consequences of personal relationships with other human beings. In situations which you feel that the other person has the power and intent to hurt you, trust diminishes quickly. Thus a climate of distrust appears in your relations with others. Conversely, if I can say whatever comes to my mind without getting hurt, a climate of trust pervades the relationship. Trust is a perceptual phenomenon that evolves from our experiences with others. If trusting were so easy, we would not need to make such a point of its importance in human relationships. To say thata person should trust others is to diminish the difficulty of producing trust. In mutual relationships, both parties must be have toward one another in trusting ways. Even though it hurts in the pit of the stomach(心窝), you must trust the other person and encourage him or her to say those things that demand a trusting response. No one likes to get hurt and few like to hurt others, especially not those others who are close to us in person-to-person relationships. We avoid expressing our true feelings lest we become the target of a revenging attack from the other person. If I indicate that I do not appreciate having you smoke in my car, I may love you as a friend or I may become the subject of ridicule for allowing little things like that to bother me. If that happens, I will be less open and less trusting of you the next time.1. The significance of trues lies in the fact that _____.[A] trust is not easy to reach between human beings[B] trust allows people to say whatever comes to their minds[C] one likes to get hurt[D] few like to trust others2. What will not happen if a person feeds he will be hurt by the other?[A] Trust diminishes quickly.[B] He will disclose his plans and perceptions.[C] A climate of distrust pervades the relationship?[D] One of the most harmful consequences of personal relationships with others appear.3. Trust is a phenomenon that _____.[A] results from our expericences with others[B] comes from our perceptions[C] may trust in the pit of the stomach[D] none of the above4. People avoid expressing their true feelings because _____.[A] they become the target of revenging attack from others[B] they are not so open and trusting others[C] they do not want to become the target of revenging attack from others[D] they do not want to lose friends5. Implied but not stated _____.[A] People usually do not like to trust those who are close to us[B] People will usually get reprisal or ridicule for their trust[C] If trust has been established,it will never disappear[D] The negative response will usually result in the diminishing of trusting between personsCigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of the bladder(膀胱) and the oral cavity(口腔). Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.Female smokers are thought to be less affected be cause they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. The majority of physicians and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say. “Give up smoking. If you don’t smoke, don’t start”. Some competent physicians and researchworkers - though their small number is dwindling(减小) even further-are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in respiratory (呼吸的) diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the complex human environment - atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substances in processed food, or Chemical pesticides that are now being used by farmers in vast Quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas, or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant. While all tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine(尼古丁)consumption is not diminished by the latter forms, and current research Indicates relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar(焦油) tobacco are claimed to made smoking to some extentsafer, but they can only marginally reduce ,not eliminate, the hazards.1. Male smoking are more affected by smoking than female ones because _____.[A] Male smokers smoke more than female ones[B] Male smokers are more likely to be affected by smoking[C] Male smokers breath in the smoke deeper than female ones[D] Male smokers are more likely to be affected by other factors in hormone environment2. According to the passage,cigarette can do harm to all the following EXCEPT _____.[A] lung[B] mouth[C] heart[D] eye3. The author’s attitude towards smoking is _____.[A] critical[B] approving[C] questioning[D] subjective4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?[A] More and more research work believe the effect of cigarette smoking on health.[B] Filters and low tar tobacco can not get rid of the hazard.[C] Cigarette smiking has a greater effect on health than.[D] All forms of tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health.5. The authors purpose of writing the passage is to _____.[A] offer advice on how to give up smoking[B] explain the influence of cigarette smoking on health[C] list the factors that can cause cancer[D] compare the opinions on the effect of smoking参考答案：C D A C B The Poetry of Gwendolyn Brooks has been praised for deepening the significance of personal and social experiences so that these experiences become universal in their implication. She has also been praised for her “sense of form, whichis basic and remarkable.” Many of her poems are concerned with a Black community named Bronzeville, on the south side of Chicago. Her literary skill makes Bronzeville more than just a place on a map. This community, like all important literary places (Robinson’s Tibury Town and Masters’ Spoon River, for example), becomes a testing ground of personality, a place where the raw material of experience is shaped by imagination and where the joys and trials of being human are both sung and judged. The qualities for which Brooks’s poetry is led are (as one critic has pointed out) “boldness, invention, a daring to experiment, and a naturalness that does not scorn literature but absorbs it.”Her love for poetry began early. At the age of seven. she “began to put rhymes together,” and when she was thirteen, one of her poems was published in a children’s magazine. During her teens she contributed more than seventy-five poems to a Chicago newspaper. In 1941 she began to attend a class in writing poetry at the South Side Community Art Center, and several years later, her poems began to appear in Poetry andother magazines. He first collection of poems, A Street in Bronzeville, was published in 1945. Four years later, Annie Allen, her second collection of poems, appeared. In 1950 Annie Allen was awarded a Pulitzer prize for poetry. A novel, Maud Martha, about a young black girl growing up in Chicago, published in 1953, was praised for its warmth and insights. In 1963 her selected Poems appeared.1. The main subject of the passage is Gwendolyn Brooks’s _____.[A] personal background[B] hometown[C] literary achievements[D] childhood2. Why does the author mention Tibury Town and Spoon River?[A] To give credit to tow great writers.[B] To provide examples of important literary places.[C] To suggest similarities between Brooks’s style and that of other writers.[D] To encourage the reader to read Robinson andMasters.3. The author uses quotations in the first paragraph primarily to _____.[A] help emphasize the significance of Brooks’s poetry[B] introduce biographical information about Brooks[C] present opposing points of view about Brooks’s work[D] state little-known facts about Brooks’s novel4. According to the passage, Brooks’s poetry was first published when she was _____.[A] seven years old[B] attending a class in writing[C] in her teens[D] an established novelist5. Her novel was praised because _____.[A] she wrote something about the Black people[B] she had a good personality[C] her works were shaped by imagination[D] she had promoted social and personalexperiences参考答案：C B A C D The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. “In Europe”, said Thomas Jefferson, “the object is to make the most of their land, labor being abundant; here it is to make the most of our labor, lard being abundant”. It was in America, there fore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first Came. At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crude plow, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs: by 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1990 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, would home none of it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made theweeds grow. Nevertheless many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869, James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow.1. The word “here” (para 1,line 4) refers to _____.[A] Europe[B] America[C] New Jersey[D] Indiana2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?[A] The reed for labor helped the invention of machinery in America.[B] The farmer rejected Charles Newbold’s plow for fear of ruin of their field.[C] Both Euorpe and America had great need of farm machinery.[D] It was in Indiana that the firstchilled-steel plow was produced.3. The passage is mainly about _____.[A] the agricultural revolution[B] the invention of labor-saving machinery[C] the development of scientific agriculture[D] the farming machinery in America4. At the opening of thenineteenth-century,farmers in America _____.[A] preferred light tools[B] were extremely self-reliant[C] had many portable tools[D] had very few tools5. Implied but not stated _____.[A] There was a shortage of workers on American farms.[B] The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow.[C] After 1869,many people devoted their attention to the plow.[D] Charles Newbolt had made a furtune by his cast-iron plow参考答案：B C B D A。
2023年在职硕士《英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2023年在职硕士《英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The company issues an annual report every March.A.a yearlyB. a comprehensiveC. a financialD.a product2.【单选题】Communication is one of the most important bonds that hold cultural systems together.A.obligationsB.qualitiesC. linksD. needs3.【单选题】Formerly , in the United States, many nurses worked as private duty nurses rather than in hospitals.A.PreviouslyB. StrictlyC. OfficiallyD. Periodically4.【单选题】One of the greatest breakthroughs for professional women came in 1973 when the field of banking opened up for them.A. most serious disappointmentsB.most significant advancesC. most abrupt declinesD. most crucial situations5.【单选题】Some children display an unquenchable 难以抑制的curiosity about every new thing they encounter.A.insatiable 贪的无厌的B. inherentC.indiscriminate 不加选择的D. incredible6.【单选题】In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity, and age should be taken into account.A. numberedB. stabilizedC. contrastedD.considered7.【单选题】In 1974 Henry Aaron broke Babe Ruth's monumental lifetime record of 714 home runs.A.archaic(old, antique)B. degrading (discredit)C.outstandingD.entire8.【单选题】Despite the proliferation of other faster modes of transportation, the railroads remain the largest carriers of intercity freight in the United States.A.schemesB. meansC.tracksD. variables9.【单选题】The wheels of the first road vehicles were fashioned from crude stone disks.A.hand-carvedB.roughly madeC. flatD. heavy10.【单选题】Mary McCarthy s satires 讽刺文学are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision.A.fusedB.prefacedC. standardizedD. expressed11.【单选题】The economy of Dallas, Texas, is strong and diversified .A.inflatedB. stableC. variedD.well-regulated12.【单选题】An oversight 遗漏(miss, overslaugh) in proofreading often results in printed errors.A.An inconsistencyB. A discriminationC. A blotchD.An inattention13.【单选题】In literature, caricatures讽刺画usually contain verbal exaggeration through which the writer achieves comic and often satiric 讽刺effects.A. banter 取笑(tease)B. humorC. interactionD. overstatement14.【单选题】While Billie Holiday did not invent the music called "the blues", she most assuredly helped popularize it.A. finallyB.certainlyC.earnestlyD.enthusiastically15.【单选题】Blue－green algae grow abundantly in salt marshes.A. primarilyB.slowlyC.on plants(cultivate)D. in great numbers16.【单选题】Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A. emphatically statedB. belligerently(aggressively) arguedC. accentuated(emphasize)D. entreated 恳求（implore, plea, invoke ）17.【单选题】With the acquisition of smaller companies by larger ones, the 1960's saw a wave of new conglomerates.A. surgeB.handfulC. suspensionD. dissolution 分解18.【单选题】Some animals pant and sweat to speed evaporation of body moisture and thus cool themselves.A.wiggle 摆动slowlyB. breathe quicklyC. restD.perspire19.【单选题】The Salk vaccine is a major factor in the fight to eradicate polio.pletely destroyB. carefully disguiseC. sustainD. contain20.【单选题】How many people are aware that a dancer with the New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A.onlyB. exactlyC. at leastD.fewer than第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.A.strangeB. certainC.inconsistentD. proper2.【单选题】The first paper was made from the bark of the mulberry tree.A. dried woodB. outer coveringC.syrup(sirup)D. root3.【单选题】Some cosmetics manufacturers attempt to capture the rose's unmistakable fragrance香味in soaps and perfumes.A.designB.textureC. scentD. freshness4.【单选题】Comets are still regarded with awe by some people.A. wonderB.concernC.resentmentD.detachment5.【单选题】Bats fly, rather than glide, and thus are the only mammals capable of true flight.A.straightB. safeC.realD.rapid6.【单选题】With lasers scientists can probe many physical processes, such as combustion, once beyond our ken.视野A. understandingB. responsibilityC.interpretationD. notice7.【单选题】The megaphone(microphone) makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.A.slitheringB.radiatingC. interferingD. murmuring8.【单选题】By the nineteenth century, embroidery on men's clothing had virtually disappeared except for the occasional decorative vest and tie.A. almostB. definitelyC.alreadyD.universally9.【单选题】Urban renewal programs strive to upgrade areas that are becoming slums.A.reproachB. improveC.fortifyD.uproot10.【单选题】Cream of tartar 酒石, a weak acid, can be added to egg whites to help them foam泡沫when they are beatenA.whippedB. agedC.boiledD.cracked11.【单选题】Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan原生动物flagellates 鞭毛虫, flatworms 扁形虫, and segmented worms片段蠕虫.A.hostile-lookingB.perceptiveC. primitiveD.strangely formed12.【单选题】Food must be moist in order to have a taste.A.appetizing(delicious)B. nutritiousC. dampD. chewed13.【单选题】The controls of most modern airplanes can be operated either manually or automatically.A.by the bookB.by a mapC. by logicD. by hand14.【单选题】The first important exposition in the United States was held in Philadelphia in 1876.A.exhibitionB. concertC. excursionD.contest15.【单选题】Double Eagle in the first transatlantic balloon, was greeted by avid crowds in France.A.eagerB.surgingC.appreciativeD.vigorous16.【单选题】People who do not sleep enough tend to become irritable .A.easily annoyedB. illC. wearyD.stiff and sore17.【单选题】Although the Carbon 14 method of dating old objects is not foolproof , it is the best method available at presentA.wholly operationalB.entirely serviceableC.fully reliablepletely safe18.【单选题】Insect pests are among the leading causes of crop failure.A.expectedB. chiefC. naturalD. least19.【单选题】Solid geometry has enabled astronomers to calculate the positions of the heavenly bodies relative to one another.A. on top ofB.next toC.in spite ofD. with respect to20.【单选题】The Native American interpreter Sacajawea was a valuable member of the Lewis and dark expedition in 1805.A.very friendlyB. very usefulC. very thoughtful.D.very wealthy第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：A2.正确答案：C3.正确答案：A4.正确答案：B5.正确答案：A6.正确答案：D7.正确答案：C8.正确答案：B9.正确答案：B10.正确答案：D11.正确答案：C12.正确答案：D13.正确答案：D14.正确答案：B15.正确答案：D16.正确答案：A17.正确答案：A18.正确答案：D19.正确答案：A20.正确答案：C第2卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：B2.正确答案：B3.正确答案：C4.正确答案：A5.正确答案：C6.正确答案：A7.正确答案：B8.正确答案：A9.正确答案：B10.正确答案：A11.正确答案：C12.正确答案：C13.正确答案：D14.正确答案：A15.正确答案：A16.正确答案：A17.正确答案：C18.正确答案：B19.正确答案：D20.正确答案：B。
在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷（题后含答案及解析）一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Passage 1Scientists are learning more about the effects of stress on our bodies. Long-term stress may increase the risk of obesity(肥胖), heart disease, and even asthma, according to new research.Stressful experiences---such as mental illness in a family, unemployment, poverty, or abuse---continue to affect our health and well-being far longer than the actual event. This is becoming a major concern for public health professionals.Researchers at the University of California discovered that childhood stress could permanently affect a person’s DNA. They found that kids who went through traumatic (创伤性的) experiences at a young age had shorter telomeres（端粒）than tho se who hadn’t. Telomeres are the protective tips at the end of our DNA, and shorter telomeres are linked to a variety of health problems. The researchers concluded that early childhood trauma has a lasting impact on our overall health.In another study, scientists in Sweden measured the stress levels of 17,000 adults, and then tracked them for 11 years. The results showed that the most stressed-out participants had a 45% higher risk of developing heart disease. The study also revealed that those with stressful jobs were more likely to take sick leave due to heart problems.Furthermore, researchers in New Zealand found that children who suffered ongoing stress before the age of 15 had a higher chance of developing asthma later in life. This finding suggests that reducing stress in early childhood could have long-term health benefits.Overall, these studies emphasize the need for stress reduction strategies and interventions, particularly in high-risk populations. Whether through therapy, meditation(冥想), or lifestyle changes, it is essential that we find healthy ways to manage and cope with stress to protect our long-term health.1. According to the passage, long-term stress may lead to _______.A. mental illnessB. shorter telomeresC. unemploymentD. poverty答案：B解析：根据第一段中的“Long-term stress may increase the risk of obesity(肥胖), heart disease, and even asthma, according to new research.”可知，长期的压力可能会增加肥胖、心脏病甚至哮喘的风险，选项B中的“shorter telomeres”（更短的端粒）对应文章中提到的短端粒与健康问题有关。
2010考研英语一阅读及答案
Text 1（2010）Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that __________.[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by __________.[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout. [D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2（2010）Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granted for what are called business methods. Amazon com received one for its “one-click” online payment system Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lying a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,”says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pints to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme.Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reaction to the anti-patent trend at the supreme court” says Harol d C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of __________.[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means __________.[A] loss of good will [B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of disunity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents __________.[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing tread against business-method patentsText 3（2010）In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Aladuell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of comm unication”：Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don’t seem to be required at all.The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey — whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence — even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. They found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades”— the widespread propagation of influence through networks — is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to __________.[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people’s intuiti ve response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials32. The author suggests that th e “two-step-flow theory” __________.[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that __________.[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebritiea enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who __________.[A] stay outside the network of social influence [B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted [B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced [D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4（2010）Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Acco unting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long0term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong Charlie McCre evy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but“in the real wor l d” and the Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they Largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for y ears. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to __________.[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets37. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in __________.[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the bank’s long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to __________.[A] keep away from political influences[B] evade the pressure from their peers[C] act on their own in rule-setting[D] take gradual measures in reform39. The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet” in that they __________.[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets40. The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of __________.。
在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案
在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案What are the specific traits that will assist executives to climb the ladder of success? Opinions vary widely. Given approximately equal qualifications and circumstances, some claim the success factor is largely a matter of luck — being in the right place at the right time. Others speak of an almost crazy devotion to work, combined with a degree of ruthlessness. One “expert” maintains that it’s undoubtedly a matter of how much education your mother had.To make it big, executives must possess four basic skills:First, drive. Business success takes an unusual amount of energy. A successful executive—almost by definition—is a striver. He will get tense when he is not striving.Second, people sense. Some say being able to judge people is more important than a high IQ. The skill canbe instinctual(本能的), but in most cases it is painstakingly learned.Third, communications ability. Different executives make themselves understood in different ways. Some transmit ideas best face to face; others are masters of the telephone call; still others are persuasive writers. One way or another, they all communicate clearly.Fourth, calm under pressure. No businessman will get very far if he chokes up.1. Some people claim that besides hard work,the success also requires _____.[A] equal qualifications[B] specific traits[C] much education[D] a degree of cruelty2. According to the passage,a high IQ is _____.[A] instinctual[B] painstakingly learnt[C] inborn[D] more trivial than people sense3. The successful executives must _____.[A] transmit ideas face to face[B] depend on telephones[C] be persuasive writers[D] express themselves distinctly4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?[A] Every businessman possesses these four skills.[B] When a triver stops his devotion to work,he will feel quite at ease.[C] These basic skills are not instinctual at all.[D] Mother’s education has undoubted effect on her child’s success.5. What’s the main idea of the passage?[A] Four skills for successful executives.[B] Some opinions about the success.[C] Specific traits for successful executives.[D] Qualifications and circumstances for climbing the ladder.参考答案：D D D D CIt is plain that in the year 2000 everyone will have at his elbow several times more mechanical energy than he has today.There will be advances in biological knowledge as far-reaching as those that have been made in physics.We are only beginning to learn that we can control our biological environment as well as our physical one. Starvation has been predicted twice to a growing world population: by Malthus in about 1800, by Crookes in about 1900. It was headed off the first time by taking agriculture to America and the second time by using the new fertilizers. In the year 2000, starvation will be headed off by the control of the diseases and the heredity(遗传) of plants and animals—by shaping our own biological environment.Now I come back to the haunting theme of automation. The most common species in the factory today is the man who works or minds a simple machine—the operator. By the year 2000, the repetitive tasks of industry will be taken over by the machines, as the heavy tasks were taken over long ago; and the mental tedium will go the way of physical exhaustion. Today we still distinguish, even among repetitive jobs, between the skilled and the unskilled; but in the year 2000 all repetition will be unskilled. We simply waste our time if we oppose this change; it is as inevitable as the year 2000 itself.1. The article was written to _____.[A] warn us of the impending starvation[B] present facts about life in the near future[C] oppose biological advances[D] warn of the evil side of automation2. Advances in biological knowledge were _____.[A] kept pace with advances in physics[B] been responsible for the invention of new machines[C] surpassed those in physics[D] lagged behind those in physics3. According to the passage,starvation _____.[A] can be predicted[B] is unavoidable[C] can be prevented[D] is mainly caused by poor agriculture4. Repetitive tasks in industry lead to _____.[A] physical exhaustion[B] mental stimulation[C] mental exhaustion[D] extinction5. If the predictions of this writer are realized,the demand for the unskilled workers in thetwenty-first century will be _____.[A] very high[B] very low[C] the same as today[D] constantly rising参考答案：B D C C B In these days of technological triumphs, it is well to remind ourselves from time to time that living mechanisms are often incomparably more efficient than their artificial imitations. There is no better illustration of this idea than the sonar system of bats. Ounce for ounce and watt for watt, it is billions of times more efficient and more sensitive than the radars and sonars designed by man. Of course, the bats have had some 50 million years of evolution to refine their sonar. Their physiological mechanisms for echo location, based on all this accumulated experience, therefore merit our thorough study and analysis. To appreciate the p recision of the bats’ echo location, we must first consider The degree of their reliance upon it. Thanks to sonar, aninsect-eating bat can get along perfectly well without eyesight. This was brilliantly demonstrated by anexperiment performed in the late eighteenth century by the Italian naturalist Lazure Spallanzani. He caught some bats in a bell tower, blinded them, and released them outdoors. Four of these blind bats were recaptured after they had found their way back to the bell tower, and on examining their stomachs’ contents, Spallanzani found that they had been able to capture and fill themselves with flying insects. We know from experiments that bats easily find insects in the dark of night, even when the insects emit no sound that can be heard by human ears. A bat will catch hundreds of soft-bodied, silent-flying moths in a single hour. It will even detect and chase pebbles tossed into the air.1. The passage is mainly about _____.[A] living mechanisms and their artificial imitations[B] the remarkable sonar system of bats[C] the deficiencies of man-made sonars[D] the experiment of “blind-bats”2. Where of the following statements is true?[A] Living mechanisms are always more efficient than their artificial imitations.[B] Bats rely on their sonar system as well as eyesight to eat insects.[C] The sonar system of bats has had 50 million years to be refined.[D] People have discovered the bats’ sonar system thousands of years age.3. Lazzoro Spallanzani demonstrated that a bat can get along well without eyesight through _____.[A] He caught soem bats and blinded them and released them.[B] Four of these blind bats found their way back.[C] He recaptured the four returned bats.[D] The stomachs’ of the bli nd bats found to be fill with flying insects.4. Bats find insects in the dark of night with the help of _____.[A] echoes[B] eyesight[C] sound waves[D] none ofthe above5 Implied but not stated _____.[A] Pebbles tossed into the air make no sound thatcan be heard by human ears[B] A bat will catch hundreds of months in a single hour[C] Insect-eating bats are totally blind[D] The sonar system of bats is as good as man-made sonar参考答案：B C D D A The kind of music, song, and dance a people generates, with its characteristic rhythm and beat, forms one of the best indexes of its cultural style, and in America, the dominant musical styles are blues, swing and jazz. The lyrics to this music are often foolishly sentimental and sometimes non-sensical, but frequently they embody a wild and earthy humor, or a sad and tragic strain. As distinguished from most American popular tunes, American hot music is not written to be danced to. Yet there is an internal beat in jazz which relates deeply to dance: the movements of the body interpret the music’s intent better than words can. When there is dancing, however, the dances break away from a formal pattern and, at their bat, keep with the improvisation (即兴) of the music. Unlike earlier American folkdances, which are collective, so-called ballroom dancing is performed by couples. Each couple is comparatively alone, not being well enough acquainted with the other couples on the dance floor to join them. But, in the swing dancing, as the music mounts the partners separate to execute complicated solo variations and then rejoin each other. As the music approaches one of its climaxes, the dancers pay the musicians the tribute(赞美) of gathering around to cheer them on. In popular dance and music, Americans come closer to reaching a native idiom of religious feeling than they do in any other aspect of their lives.1. The main idea of the passage is that _____.[A] popular dance and music are an important aspect of American life[B] the American hot music is different from most American popular tunes[C] modern dancing is different from earlier American folk dances[D] all of the above2. The difference between American hot music and most American popular tunes is that _____.[A] the lyrics to hot music are nonsensical[B] most American popular tunes are written to be danced to[C] there is not internal beat in hot music[D] hot music can not be interpreted by dance3. According to the passage,the swing dancing _____.[A] collective[B] performed by couples[C] individual improvising[D] gathering around the musician4. Which is the relationship between jazz and dance?[A] Both the music and the dance have formal pattern.[B] The dances always keep the music to interpret it.[C] Jazz has nothing to do with dance.[D] Jazz can be interpreted by dance,though not so well as by words.5. In the swing dancing,the musicians _____.[A] cheer the dancers on[B] gather around the dancers[C] execute complicated variations[D] were gathered around by the dancers参考答案：A B C D B There were several reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain rather than in France, the other great powers of the day. In the first place, Britain had the money necessary to finance the larger enterprises. England’s supremacy on the seas had encouraged commerce, and Englishmen had been amassing wealth through there commerce and industry. The newly rich class in that country were not the aristocratic group, but merchants and businessmen who were willing to devote themselves to industry and scientific agriculture. The wealth of France, on the other hand, was largely in the hands of the nobility, and they were not willing to do the necessary work to develop industry. In the second place, Great Britain had undertaken very early the manufacturing of inexpensive and more practical products for which there would be ever-growing demand from the people, especially the new middle class. On the other hard, France produced articles in the luxury class. These could never be turned out in quantities because they demanded individuality. England was the producer of goods that were produced in quantities, andif she could find a cheaper means of producing them, her markets would grow. So she was ready for methods that would make it possible to manufacture in large quantities. In the third place, for a long time England had large numbers of semiskilled workers. When the feudal system broke down in England and the manors were turned to sheep raising, numbers of Englishmen went to the towns. There they engaged in weaving, making shows, wood carving and many other occupations that developed skills. When the industrial revolution began, these men were available for the work on the new machines. Moreover they were free men who could move from place to place as the need for workers arose. This had not been the case in France, which was still chiefly an agricultural country with peasants bound to their masters in many ways so they could not easily move to the cities. In the fourth place, coal was abundant in Great Britain, and a large amount of this cheap fuel was necessary for ruing the factories. There was coal in northern France, too, but France was late in tapping such resources because really everyone depended directly or indirectly on farming for his living.1. Britain had the money necessary to develop industry because _____.[A] Britain was much wealthier than France at that time[B] Britain government encouraged the development of industry[C] The merchants and businessmen were willing to fiancee the industry[D] The aristocratic group was willing to develop the industry2. According to the passage, French people attached importance to _____.[A] the quantities of the articles[B] the individuality of the articles[C] the practicality of the articles[D] the price of the articles3. Which of the following statements is true?[A] The wealth of France was largely in the hands of new middle class.[B] French people were bound to the new machines.[C] France was more likely to produce goods inqualities.[D] France could not get free workers necessary to the industry.4. When the industrial revolution began, Englishmen _____.[A] were busy amassing wealth through commerce and industry[B] had found a cheaper means of producing goods needed in qualities[C] depended on farming for their living[D] could move from plae to place as the need for workers arose5. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] The demand for luxury goods was limited.[B] Industrial Revolution was the result of the interaction of various factors.[C] French people farming to industry and commerce.[D] Coal was very i mportant to people’s life.参考答案：C B D D BThe heritage of English law brought with it the seeds of American liberty-not the flower and the fruit, which were to be produced after long labor and painful struggle. Nevertheless, theseeds were there and they sprouted, took root and have continued to grow. To this extent, the inheritance was valuable, but it is not to be denied that even though English law gave us the seeds of liberty, it also imposed upon us a vast amount of useless lumber that we have not swept away entirely --- after three hundred years of unceasing effort. Even the system of trial by jury, in spite of its enormous value, came to us with burdensome, outworn ideas and unnecessary precautions, on the one hand, and with no adequate means of adaptation to changing conditions, on the other. For one thing, in the early days it was assumed that ignorance of the facts was a guarantee of a juror’s impartiality. At that time, when means of communication were few and slow, there was something to be said for the idea; but today, when means of communication were abundant and almost instantaneous, ignorance of the facts is evidence, not of impartiality, but of extraordinary stupidity, or of extraordinary indifference. The rule that a juror must be ignorant of the facts is, therefore, a rule that operates against, not for the effort to fill the jury box with honest menof ordinary intelligence. It has become so hopeless, indeed, that the courts literally ceased long ago trying to enforce it. It is, nevertheless, still a theoretical part of the system.1 The passage is main about _____.[A] the seeds of American literty[B] the system of trial by jury[C] a theoretical weakness of the jury system[D] the changing conditions in the jury system2. The inheritance of English law brought with it _____.[A] the seeds of American literty[B] the flower and fruit of American literty[C] some ideas and precautions which were useless[D] both A and C3. The assumption that ignorance of the facts wasa guara ntee of a juror’s impartiality _____.[A] was reasonable neither in the past nor at present[B] was extraordinary stupid or indifferent[C] is not valid under the changing conditions[D] has been proved reasonable4. The rule that a juror must be ignorant of the facts is _____.[A] no longer a theoretical part of the system[B] no longer strictly enforced[C] against the theoretical basis[D] still strictly enfore5. Which of the following statements is true?[A] The rules of the trial system should be more flexible to adapt to the changing conditions.[B] The members of the jury should be of extraordinary intelligance.[C] Ignorance of the facts on the part of a juror today is evidence of impartiality.[D] When means of communication had proved abundant,there was nothing to be said for the idea.参考答案：C D C B A。
2010年在职硕士全国联考英语真题及答案
2010年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语真题A卷Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Man: Jane, you don’t believe it. I won the lottery!Woman: ______.Man: No, it’s true. When I found out, I was shocked.A. So what?B. Does it really count?C. Are you putting me on?D. Imagine that!2. Man: It’s raining cats and dogs outside. Did you remember to bring the umbrella?Woman: Oops, ______.A. everything is fineB. you can count on meC. it’ll clear up soonD. it slipped my mind this morning3. Man: ______. How can I possibly review all this material by next week?Woman: Take it easy. I’ll help you with it.A. I’m going crazy!B. Can’t wait.C. I’m glad it’s finally over.D. What a load off!4. Man: Get a move on. We need to be at the airport in an hour.Woman: Come on! There’s plenty of time. Remember, we’re going on this trip to relax, ______.A. we’re in the same boatB. not the other way aroundC. so let’s goD. so forget it5. Wife: Can you come over here, please? Which one is better?Husband: ______.Wife: Come on, can’t you make up your mind for once?A. I have no ideaB. I have nothing more to say.C. I don’t careD. I don’t like itSection B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices give and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6. Man: I heard you’ve got a wonderful job in a post office. How’s your new job going?Woman: I just feel like a fish out of water.Question: What does the woman feel about her new job?A. She is satisfied with it.B. She feels uncomfortable about it.C. She feels it’s her dream come true.D. She finds it demanding.7. Man: Hi, Linda, are you going to teach after you graduate from that university?Woman: Where did you get the idea like that?Question: What can be concluded about Linda?A. She has no desire to teach.B. She likes teaching very much.C. She has no idea about teaching.D. She may choose to teach.8. Man: Why, you have to ask your parents to pay your rent?Woman: Well, I am unable to make ends meet.Question: What do we know about the woman?A. She is unable to manage her money.B. She can’t get her parents to pay her rent.C. She can’t help her parents out.D. She is financially in trouble.9. Man: Ken and Sandra hope to sell their house for $3 million.Woman: Yeah, they always think big.Question: What does the woman think of Ken and Sandra’s plan?A. It’s worth a try.B. It’s realistic.C. It’s not going to work.D. It’s ridiculous.10. Man: Excuse me. Do you need some help?Woman: Well…I’m trying to get to the railway station, but I can’t make heads or tails of this ticket machine.Question: What is the woman’s problem?A. She doesn’t have the small change with her.B. She doesn’t know how to use the machine.C. She’s not sure how much the trip will cost.D. She’s unable to get the ticket in time.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. Discipline cannot be ____ until the last day of school has passed.A. lessenedB. reducedC. relaxedD. lowered12. Some people argue that ____ regulations for water pollution will drive up costs and put jobs at risk.A. firmB. tightC. tenseD. close13. To keep her job, she has to _____ the bad temper of her boss.A. put up withB. take up onC. make up forD. come up to14. Student journalists are taught how to be _____ when writing in a limited space.A. convincingB. briefC. appealingD. expressive15. The discussion was so _____ that at intervals the speakers stopped for refreshments.A. exhaustedB. exhaustingC. excitedD. exciting16. The popularity of these schools is growing steadily ______ their high tuition fees.A. instead ofB. in favor ofC. in spite ofD. in place of17. It is often not easy to _____ the marked generation gap which exists between the young and their elders.A. broadenB. breakC. bridgeD. build18. The drive from England to Scotland provides the tourists with many pleasant changes of _____.A. sceneryB. sightC. perspectiveD. scene19. This ambitious project, ____ scores of organizations around the world, will take at least ten years to be accomplished.A. indicatingB. composingC. containingD. involving20. Because of the popularity of the region, visitors are advised to book hotels ______.A. in orderB. in personC. in turnD. in advance21. He purposely ignored her call because he just didn’t feel like _____.A. disturbingB. to disturbC. being disturbedD. to be disturbed22. Do you really think Bill will help you write the report? Don’t count you chickens _____ they are hatched.A. asB. afterC. beforeD. while23. If you want a thing _____ well, do it yourself.A. doneB. doingC. to doD. being done24. The committee members agreed to proposal that the issue _____ to immediate voting.A. is to be putB. be putC. should putD. must be put25. So loudly ______ that even people in the next room could hear him.A. did he speakB. does he speakC. he spokeD. he speaks26. To master a foreign language like French requires hard work, so you _____ study too hard.A. shouldB. mustC. can’tD. may not27. Gaining a new customer costs ______ keeping an old one.A. as many as five timesB. five times as many asC. as much as five timesD. five times as much as28. People with glasses are perceived to be up to ten IQ points more intelligent than ______.A. those withoutB. that withoutC. these withoutD. one without29. Reading books, _______ takes the reader to other worlds, is a wonderful way to “escape”.A. thatB. whatC. asD. which30. Take 60mg up to four times a day, ______ advised otherwise by a doctor.A. ifB. untilC. thoughD. unlessPart Three Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are three passages and one table, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneThe rich have traditionally passed their wealth on to their children. But an increasing number of billionaires are choosing not to. The reason? They want their children to live on themselves—and not to turn into spoiled successors.Nicola Horlick or “supermum”, a famous British billionaire, owing to the fact that she has high-flying jobs and five kids –has spent her career making a reported ￡250m.She now seems determined to throw off large parts of it. She already gives away about 25% of her income each year, she has just revealed, in a report on the state of charity in the city, that she will not be leaving most of the remainder to her children. “I think it is wrong to give too much inherited wealth to children,” Horlick told the report’s authors.” I will not be leaving all my wealth to my children because that would just ruin their lives.”She is by no means the first to go public with this conviction. Bill Gates has put an estimated $30bn into the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This was supplemented, in 2009, by another $24bn or so from his friend Warren Buffett.Buffett has always been colorful, quotably clear on where he stands. His daughter often tells a story of finding herselfwithout change for a car parking ticket-her father lent her $20 then promptly made her write him a check. “To suggest that the children of the wealthy should be just as wealthy,” he has said, “is like saying the members of America’s 2004 Olympic team should be made up only of the children of the 1980 Olympic team.”Anita Roddick, the late founder of the Body Shop, told her ki ds that they would not inherit one penny. The money that she made from the company would go into the Body Shop Foundation, which isn’t one of those awful tax shelters, like some in America. It just functions to take the money and give it away.31. The billionaires mentioned in the passage don’t want to leave much of their wealth to their children because____.A. they prefer to give their wealth to charityB. they want their business to go on healthilyC. they believe too much wealth will harm their childrenD. they hope their children can make money themselves32. What do we learn about Nicola Horlick?A. She has already given away about 25%of her wealth.B. She is the first one who declares to give away her wealth.C. She will leave only a small portion of her wealth to her kids.D. She inherited most of her wealth from her parents.33. Buffett distinguishes himself for______.A. his clear-cut positionB. being strict with his childrenC. his talent in financial managementD. being a giant in the stock market34. According to Buffett’s daughter, her father____.A. refuses to lend her moneyB. wants her to invest in the Olympic GamesC. never gives her more money than necessaryD. always makes sure that she returns his money35. It is implied in the last paragraph that some foundations are used by the rich to ____.A. provide shelter for the poorB. build good fameC. avoid paying taxD. support their businessPassage TwoIt is football time again. Currently, the qualifying rounds are being pl ayed to decide which countries will send teams to the 2010 World Cup. Some Soccer is becoming more and more popular on a worldwide scale and these qualifying legs are causing much excitement.The game is popular at club level as well. Many fans go every week to support their teams, whether the event is a home or away one, hoping to get a result. They all hope an attacking game, with a lot of goals being scored. Obviously, they do not want to see a boring, defensive match where the players are aimlessly passing the ball to each other.Sadly, not all the action always takes place on the ground. All too frequently, there is action in the stands, too. Football supporters, most of whom declare their loyalty by wearing their team colors, in the form of shirts, are not known for their quiet behavior. They are often very noisy, shouting noisy encouragement to their team and singing deafening songs.There is much rivalry between supporters. Mostly, this is good-natured, but trouble can easily arise. Fans gets angry if they feel that a referee has made a wrong decision, perhaps giving one of their team a red or yellow card unfairly, or perhaps failing to notice a foul(犯规) committed by a member of the other team.When trouble breaks out in a football crowd, it can be difficult to control. Stadium officials often seat the opposing fans in separate parts of the ground as a precaution against fighting. However, preventing trouble is more difficult outside the ground. In the worst cases, riot police have to be called in.Unfortunately, there are some fans who enjoy this violent aspect of football. These football hooligans(流氓) really enjoy a running battle with the police, and call up other people to throw stones and bottles at them. They regard football not as a sport, but as an excuse for trouble makings. Inevitably, their behavior spoils the reputation of the game.36. The qualifying rounds are played to_____.A. attract soccer fansB. select the best teams for the next roundsC. raise funds for the organizationD. decide which players are the best37. What do football fans hope to see?A. A home game.B. A defensive game.C. An evenly matched game.D. An exciting game.38. Fans get angry when they think____.A. the referee is unfairB. their team is losingC. their team is not playing wellD. there is an intentional foul39. Riot police are called in_____.A. to separate the opposing fans inside the groundB. as a precaution against trouble inside the groundC. to stop fighting occurring outside the groundD. as a precaution against fighting outside the ground40. It is implied in the last paragraph that_____.A. football fans enjoy spoiling gamesB. football hooligans are crazy about the gamesC. football can be an excuse for troublemakingD. football has a poor reputationPassage ThreeOur sense of smell, which we normally take for granted, is nowadays being increasingly used for purposes which might surprise us if we were aware of them. One area in which smells are created to achieve particular results is marketing. For some time manufacturers have taken advantage of our sense of smell with regard to household goods. Millions of dollars are spent on product research in the hunt for the right smell as it is believed perfume influences the way consumers perceive a brand. In a survey in the United States, when people were asked what was the most important factor in their choice of detergent(洗衣粉), smell was rated highly, above ingredients and price.Now stores are becoming even more direct in the use of smell. The smell of fresh bread in a supermarket tends to encourage people to buy, and people selling their houses are recommended to have coffee being heated when potential buyers arrive. Suddenly smell is becoming big business. One company specializing in the use of smells to attract consumers now has many large stores on its own list of customers. They find that when pleasant smells are filtered through a store’s air conditioning system, people tend to spend longer in the store and buy more.Research shows that smells can increase people’s view of a product. In a test, people looked at the same types of shoes in two rooms-one filled with purified air, the other with a smell of mixed flowers. 84% of the people preferred the shoes in the room with the smell of flowers. In fact, many said they would be prepared to pay up to US$ 10 more for a pair.Smells also have other potential uses. Some companies are experimenting with different smells to produce different effects in their workers according to the time of day. For example, early in the morning they might put the smell of lemon in the air conditioning system to wake people up. In the middle of the morning, when the atmosphere tends to become more tense, the smell of wood could be used to calm people down. Before lunchtime the smell of melting butter would encourage people to go to lunch on time. After lunch, when people often begin to lose concentration, the smell of mint(薄荷) would increase their alertness.41. Which is the most appropriate title for the passage?A. How to avoid being affected by smellsB. Using smells to influence peopleC. The power of our sense of smellD. New smells in supermarkets42. In the survey, when selecting detergent, people considered smell_____.A. not importantB. as important as priceC. less important than ingredientsD. more important than price43. To attract more customers, some large stores____.A. employ a company specializing in the use of smellsB. provide free coffee for themC. filter purified air through air conditioningD. decorate themselves with fresh flowers44. The majority of people in the test (Para.3) preferred______.A. the smell of shoes to that of flowersB. the smell of flowers to that of shoesC. the shoes in the room with purified airD. the shoes in the room with appealing smells45. To produce a calming effect, some companies use the smell of _____.A. lemonB. woodC. melting butterD. mintPassage FourThe First Rule of Finance is to live within your means by spending no more than 80% of your take-home pay. If you take home $100 per week, spend no more than $80.But ever look at what people spend their money on? I have relatives and friends deeply in debt, spending $12 for every $10 they earn instead of the $8 you know they should be spending. When I see them, they’re proud of their new whatever. “What do you think of my new truck?” asked one from the driver’s seat. “Do you like my new shoes?” asked another on high heels. “Check out my new big screen.” Said a third while holding the remote in his living room. We’ve all heard people fishing for compliments on their new toys.Every one of them was proud of what they’d financed. They seem to have bought it for the purpose of being proud, of showing off, of keeping up with the Joneses. “Look at my new …” is everybody’s favorite phrase, even when the object in question isn’t theirs at all and won’t be new when they’ve finally paid for it, if they ever do.They’re proud of being stupid. They think it’s cool to drive the financed car, wear the financed shoes, and watch the financed TV, but to smart people, whose opinions are the only ones we should respect, these people look dumb as rocks.The Joneses, nine times out of 10, are financially stupid. That’s why they have all that stuff, on borrowed money. Why try to copy them? Worse, why try to impress them? Copy and impress smart people, the ones who own their stuff. If you want to impress smart people, debt is the last way to go about it. Trying to impress a money-smart person by going into debt is like trying to impress Olympic swimming champion Michael Phelps by drowning in a pool. Michael Phelps is impressed by good swimming and a money-smart person by good money management.46. According to the author, the new truck, shoes and big screen mentioned in Para. 2 are _____.A. indicators of wealthB. necessities to the buyersC. just a waste of moneyD. examples of showing off47. “… the object in question isn’t theirs” (Para. 3) means ______.A. it is bought for other peopleB. it is bought with loaned moneyC. it will finally be owned by the bankD. it will finally be owned by the buyers48. According to the author, buying new objects on borrowed money is ______.A. unwiseB. shamefulC. understandableD. impressive49. “Smart people” in the last paragraph refer to ______.A. clever businessmenB. people with high IQsC. fashionable wealthy peopleD. people good at money management50. The purpose of this passage is to ______.A. show sympathy with poor consumersB. criticize consumption of luxuriesC. advise people to become money-smartD. persuade people to keep off fashionsPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.There is one fairly standard reason why some thinkers regard the meaning-of-life question as being itself meaningless. They argue _51_ meaning is a matter of language, not objects. It is a _52_ of the way we talk about things, not a feature of things themselves, _53_ shape, weight or colour. A cabbage or a computer is not meaningful in itself; it becomes _54_ only by being caught up in our conversations. On this theory, we can make life _55_ by our talk about it; but it cannot have a meaning in itself, _56_ than a cloud can. It would not _57_ sense, for e xample, to speak of a cloud as being true or false. _58_, truth and falsehood are functions of our human judgments about clouds. However, there are problems with this argument, _59_ there are with most philosophical arguments. We shall be _60_ a few of them later on.51. A. that B. how C. if D. what52. A. means B. question C. problem D. method53. A. with B. for C. like D. as54. A. this B. that C. such D. so55. A. rich B. important C. meaningful D. colorful56. A. not more B. far more C. much more D. any more57. A. make B. bring C. take D. give58. A. Hence B. Rather C. Still D. Therefore59. A. when B. since C. as D. for60. A. writing about B. hunting for C. listening to D. looking atPart V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the fo llowing passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Human friends may come and go, but a horse could be one of your most loyal, long-term friends if you treat it right.Horses understand words better than expected, since horses can hear the human voice better than even dogs can, due to their particular range of hearing. And scientists predict that trainers could have greater success if they use more verbal commands in their horse training programs.Horses possess excellent memories, which allow horses to not only recall their human friends after a long period of separation but also to remember some complex human instructions for ten years or more. The bonds with humans are likely an extension of horse behavior in the wild, since horses value their own horse relatives and friends, and are also open to new, non-threatening acquaintances. Horses maintain long-term bonds with several members of their family group, but they also interact temporarily with members of other groups when forming herds.Part VI Writing (30minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic of “The Country I Would Like to Visit”. You may base your composition on the clues given below:1. 如果有机会到国外度假两周, 你会选择哪个国家?2. 请至少给出三个理由。
2015年十月在职联考英语阅读练习及答案
2015年十月在职联考英语阅读练习及答案To paraphrase18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing."One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then1would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable wayin human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own research.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.1.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to.A.call on scientists to take some actionsB.criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC.warn of the doom of biomedical researchD.show the triumph of the animal rights movement2.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is.A.cruel but naturalB.inhuman and unacceptableC.inevitable but viciousD.pointless and wasteful3.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's.A.discontent with animal researchB.ignorance about medical scienceC.indifference to epidemicsD.anxiety about animal rights4.The author believes that,in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientists should.municate more with the publicB.employ hi-tech means in researchC.feel no shame for their causeD.strive to develop new cures5.From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is-A.a well-known humanistB.a medical practitionerC.an enthusiast in animal rightsD.a supporter of animal research参考答案：ABBAD更多阅读：/zt/2015bm/。
在职攻硕英语联考(阅读)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.One silly question I simply cannot tolerate is “How do you feel?” Usually the question is asked of a man in action—a man walking along the street, or busily working at his desk. So what do you expect him to say? He’ll probably say, “Fine, I’m all right. “ But you have put a bug in his ear—maybe now he is not sure. If you are his good friend, you may have seen something on his face, or in his walk, that he overlooked that morning. It makes him worrying a little. He looks in a mirror to see if everything is all right, while you go merrily on your way asking someone else, “How do you feel?”Every question has its time and place. It’s perfectly acceptable, for instance, to ask “How do you feel?” if you are visiting a close friend in the hospital. But if the fellow is walking on both legs, hurrying to take a train or sitting at his desk working, it’s no time to ask him that silly question. When George Bernard Shaw, the famous British writer of plays was in his eighties, someone asked him, “How do you feel?” Shaw put him in his place. “When you reach my age,” he said, “either you feel all right or you are dead. “1．According to the writer, greetings, such as “How do you feel?”______.A．show one’s consideration for othersB．are a good way to make friendsC．are proper to ask a man in actionD．generally make one feel uneasy正确答案：D解析：本文说的是：有人不分时间和场合地使用问候语“How do you feel?”(你感觉如何?)简直使人无法忍受。
【资格考试】2019最新整理-在职攻读硕士学位全国联考教育硕士英语一试题
——参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理-在职攻读硕士学位全国联考教育硕士英语一试题______年______月______日____________________部门考生须知1.本试题的答案必须填写在规定的答题卡和答题纸上，写在试题册上不给分。
2.第1题至第50题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，第51题至55题的答案以及第Ⅲ和第Ⅳ部分的答案须用蓝、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上。
用其他颜色笔不给分。
3.选择题答案选出后，请用2B铅笔在答题卡相应的选项上划一横线，如：[A][B][C][D]。
划线要粗，要有一定浓度。
修改时，必须用橡皮擦净后，再填涂其它选项。
4.本考试时间为3小时。
Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C,and D. Read each sentence carefully and then choose one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by drawing a single bar across the correspondingletter in the square bracket. (10 points)1. It C . that Mary, no less than Jenny and Jane, really diligent and perseverant in doinganything.A. says ... isB. Said ... areC. is said ... isD. is said ... are2. The tooth that is being extracted by the dentist mefor some time.A. has hurt .B. has been hurtingC. is hurtingD. hurts3. I suppose Jack is as Johnson.A. as wealthy a manB. so wealthyC. as a wealthyD. a man so wealthy4. I studied Spanish for four years in high school. , I had trouble talking with people whenI was travelling in Spain.A. NeverthelessB. ThereforeC. MoreoverD. On the other hand5. The Blacks wasted a lot of food at the party last week. They so much food.A. didn't need to prepareB. mustn't have preparedC. needn't have preparedD. couldn't have prepared6.it has provided is professional advice to help entrepreneurs get on their feet, to stayon the ri 8. 49. popularght course, and to help them grow.A. ThatB. WhichC. WhatD. While7. Jerry continued to a promotion even though he had necessary qualifications.。
在职教育硕士联考英语模拟试题及答案(一)
在职教育硕士联考英语模拟试题及答案(一)1.The Swiss are worried they might have to____these advantages to the rest of the diplomatic community.A.extendB.disperseC.spreadD.sprinkle2.Unlike photocopies of books,the digital copies are virtually identical in quality to the ____.A.preliminaryB.ingeniousC.initialD.original3.He applied for a____position in a company.A.emptyB.vacantC.vacuumD.margin4.At the age of40,he had already____a great fortune through successful financial dealings.A.piledB.assembledC.amassedD.congregated5.When moisture on the skin____,it draws heat out of the body.A.evaporatesB.dilutesC.diffusesD.dissipates6.He has everything he wants;he is a(n)____young man.A.admiringB.jealousC.enviableD.envious7.This can____the worry between a couple that they don’t understand each other.A.releaseB.relentC.relieveD.relay8.Many distinguished men have____from slums.A.emanatedB.loomedC.appearedD.emerged9.The basic difference between Americans and Canadians____in their definition of the individual in society.ysB.liesC.locatesD.perches10.Even the best-built machine will not run forever without proper____.A.retentionB.reserveC.preservationD.maintenance答案：1.A disperse疏散，传播2.D preliminary起始的，初步的initial最初的ingenious灵巧的3.B vacant空缺的vacuum真空的margin页边空白，界限4.C amass积累congregate集合，聚集5.A evaporate蒸发，挥发，脱水dilute稀释，削弱，褪色diffuse散布，弥漫，传播dissipate驱散，消耗6.C jealous妒忌的，猜疑的enviable值得羡慕的7.C release释放，放松relent怜悯，缓和relieve减轻，解除relay接替，传达8.D emanate散发，发射loom隐隐呈现emerge出现，出来，冒出9.B locate确定，找到perches栖息，休息10.D maintenance维持;保持;维修;保养相关阅读：教育硕士辅导教育硕士教育硕士辅导班。
在职硕士(英语)10_真题(含答案与解析)-交互-
在职硕士(英语)10(总分28, 做题时间120分钟)A:How did your interview go? B:______SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.A A manager interviewed me.B I couldn't feel better about it! The questions were very fair, and I seemed to find an answer for all of them.C I am fully confident that I answered all the questions to the needs of the interviewer.D I answered all the questions of the interviewer to his satisfaction. But he may discriminate against me.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.A Never mind. Let's continue to look atB Come on. It's not that bad.C No, it is not the worst painting.D Yes. It looks the worst.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.A No. On my way home from work I found a bookstore and entered aimlessly.B I had no idea the bookstore would close at six.C Excuse me. I didn't buy the book purposely.D I like it very much.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.A It's only twenty dollars. God knows it.B I don't want to look at it. After all, it's a watch.C The price is good. But I want to buy a more expensive watch.D How is it possible that a watch only cost us $20?该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.A Yes, I am Mr. Smith Dialogue.B No, he is not in the office right now.C Speaking!D He is not here. Can I speak for him?该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.2答案:CMan: Have you heard it? John has just been promoted again! Woman: He''s the boss''s blue-eyed boy at the present. Question: What does the woman mean?SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.A John is the favored person of his boss now.B John is seriously out of favor in his boss's eye.C John is often condemned by his boss.D John is the eyesore of his boss now.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.2答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL7.A She thinks the holiday was very expensive.B She thinks the holiday was worthwhile.C She thinks the holiday was very enjoyable.D She thinks the holiday was very tiring.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.2答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL8.A Her brother didn't take good care of her grandmother.B Her grandmother looks very healthy after some days at her brother's.C Her grandmother looks very tired after some days at her brother's.D Her brother has made her grandmother very happy by often buying her roses.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL9.A She thinks she is better than the lady the man is talking about.B She thinks she will be successful someday.C She thinks she is more charming than the lady the man is talking about.D She thinks she has her own speciality.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.A She won't be able to go with the man.B She doesn't think Frank is arriving until tomorrow morning.C She has to pick up Frank at 2:00.D She doesn't know when her class will end.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.2答案:A11.We had a party last weekend, and it was a lot of fun. So let''s have ______one this weekend.SSS_SINGLE_SELA anotherB moreC the otherD other该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A本题测试不定代词的用法。
在职考研英语试题及答案
在职考研英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共30分，每题6分）1. 根据所给文章，以下哪项是作者的主要观点？A) 教育是个人发展的关键。
B) 技术进步对教育的影响是负面的。
C) 社会变革需要教育的支持。
D) 教育系统需要改革以适应现代社会。
答案：C2. 文章中提到了哪些因素影响教育的发展？A) 社会经济状况B) 科技发展C) 政策变化D) 所有以上选项答案：D3. 根据文章，教育改革的主要目的是什么？A) 提高教育质量B) 降低教育成本C) 促进教育公平D) 适应全球化趋势答案：A4. 文章中提到的“终身学习”概念指的是什么？A) 只在学生时代接受教育B) 教育应该贯穿人的一生C) 成年后不需要继续学习D) 教育仅限于特定的学习阶段答案：B5. 作者认为教育改革应该如何进行？A) 完全依赖政府推动B) 社会各方面共同参与C) 仅由学校内部进行D) 通过增加教育投入实现答案：B二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In recent years, the concept of "slow travel" has become increasingly popular. It is a way of traveling that emphasizes the quality of experience rather than the number of places visited. People who choose this mode of travel often spend more time in one place, allowing them to truly 6. understand the local culture and way of life.6. A) appreciateB) exploreC) observeD) discover答案：B7. This approach to travel is often more 7. affordable and less stressful than the traditional rush to see as many sights as possible within a limited time frame.A) economicalB) luxuriousC) exclusiveD) extravagant答案：A8. Slow travel also encourages a deeper connection with the environment and the people one meets, leading to more 8. meaningful interactions.A) superficialB) profoundC) casualD) fleeting答案：B9. For many, slow travel is a 9. response to the fast-paced nature of modern life, offering a chance to slow down and savor each moment.A) passiveB) proactiveC) reactiveD) active答案：C10. It is not just about 10. where you go, but also about how you experience the journey.A) whatB) whenC) howD) why答案：C三、翻译（共20分，每题10分）将下列句子从中文翻译成英文。
在职考研英语试题及答案
在职考研英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选择最佳答案。
A篇In recent years, the number of people returning to school to pursue higher education has been on the rise. This trend is particularly noticeable among working professionals who are looking to advance their careers. According to a survey conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics, the percentage of adult learners in higher education has increased by 15% over the past decade.1. What is the main reason for adults returning to school?A. To gain new skills.B. To advance their careers.C. To change their jobs.D. To meet new people.2. How much has the percentage of adult learners increased in the past decade?A. 5%B. 10%C. 15%D. 20%B篇The use of technology in education has been a topic of debate for many years. Some argue that it enhances learning, whileothers believe it can be a distraction. A recent study published in the Journal of Educational Technology found that students who used digital tools in the classroom performed better on tests than those who did not.3. What is the main topic of the debate?A. The cost of technology in education.B. The impact of technology on learning.C. The types of technology used in education.D. The future of technology in education.4. What did the study find about the use of digital tools?A. They have no effect on test performance.B. They can be a distraction in the classroom.C. They improve test performance.D. They are not necessary for learning.二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选择最佳答案填空。
在职攻读硕士英语阅读理解
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语阅读理解（一）Passage 1The most fundamental group to which a person belongs is the family. The institution of the family exists in almost every human culture. It is considered by behavioral scientists to be one of the oldest institutions in human history.The family unit serves many important functions. The performance of these functions is the reason for the family importance. Above all, the family serves as a mechanism of species survival.Families also have important economic functions. In primitive societies, the tasks of gathering food and providing shelter were divided among family member. Today, both husband and wife may work and share the duties of homemaking and child rearing.In addition to its survival and economic functions, the family gives its members social status. In many societies, a person is not considered a complete member until he has married and produced children. Finally, the family helps to meet the basic emotional needs of a person through the love and support received from parents, siblings (兄弟或姐妹), and relatives.1.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A. The family has changed greatly over time.B. Many of the functions of the family today are being performed by government agencies.C. The most important role for the family is to gather food.D. The family has served many useful functions throughout history.2. According to the passage, which of the following is an example of the role of the family in given status?A. A child is taught to respect his elders.B. A couple works for several years to save for the purchase of a home.C. A politician makes a campaign commercial with his family.D. A mother comforts a child after he skins his knee.3. It can be concluded from the passage that the family is _____.A. undergoing many changesB. the only useful social institutionC. likely to exist in future societiesD. not the same today as it was in the past4. As it is used in the second paragraph of the passage, the word “mechanism” means ______.A. parts of an organism or system which work togetherB. racial group united by language, religion, customs, etc.C. the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a wholeD. a worker skilled in using or repairing machines or tools5. Based on the information in the passage, you can infer that the passage is _____.A. about the family’s mechanism of species survivalB. about the social, economic, and emotional usefulness of the family throughout human historyC. about duties of the family shared by both husband and wifeD. about the emotional needs received from parents, siblings, and relationsPassage 2In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.In social life, time plays a very important part. In the USA guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently; promptness (准时) is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the US no one would think of keeping a business friend waiting for an hour; it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late is expected to make a short apology. If he is less than 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.1.“The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m.” Here “attached” means _____.A. takenB. drawnC. givenD. shown2. Supposing one wants to make a telephone call at midnight, this would mean _____.A. the matter is less importantB. the matter is somewhat importantC. the matter requires immediate attentionD. it is a matter of critical importance3. According to this passage, time plays an important role in _____.A. everyday lifeB. private lifeC. communicationsD. transmission4. The best title for this passage is ____.A. The Choices of TimeB. The Saving of TimeC. The Importance of an AnnouncementD. Time and Tide Wait for No Man5. According to the passage, the author of the article may agree with which of the following statements?A. It is appropriate to send your invitation cards three or four days before a dinner party date in the US.B. It may be appropriate to send your invitation cards to your guests three or four days before a dinner party date in some cultures.C. It is best for one to make telephone calls at night because it costs much less.D. If one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology.Passage 3Populations tend to grow at an exponential(指数的) rate. This means that they progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate, take one penny and double it every day for one month. After the first week you would have only 64 cents, but after the fourth week you would have over million dollars.This helps explain why the population has come on “all of a sudden”. It took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty years, and in 1979 world population reached 4 billion, which is another billion people in only fifteen years.World population is increasing at a rate of 9000 per hour, 220 000 per day, 80 million per year. This is not only due to high birth rates, but to lower death rates as well. The number of births has not declined at the same rate as the number of deaths.Some countries, such as Colombia, Thailand, Morocco, Costa Rica, and the Philippines, are doubling their populations about every twenty-one years, with a growth rate of 3.3 percent a year or more. The United States is doubling its population about every eighty-seven years, with a rate of 0.8 percent per year. Every time a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people, it is easy to see that this is very difficult to achieve for the more rapidly growing countries.1.This passage chiefly discusses ______.A. the growth of world population in recent yearsB. one type of the exponential(指数的) rateC. the population problem of the more rapidly growing countriesD. the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth2. According to the passage, what helps to explain why the population problem has come on “all of a sudden”?A. The penny which doubles itself every day for one month.B. The time span of at least two million years in human history.C. An illustration of the exponential growth rate given by the author.D. The large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week.3. It took ______ for the world to increase its population from 1 billion to 4 billion.A. 100 yearsB. 149 yearsC. 19 yearsD. over two million years4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. World population is increasing at a rate of 150 per minute.B. Lower death rate also contributes to world population growth.C. The population of Colombia has been doubling every year for 21 years.D. The United States is usually doubling its population about every 87 years.5. When a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including _____.A. hospitals and medicinesB. schools and studentsC. food and manpower resourcesD. all of the above。
2012年10月在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试卷(A)卷
2012在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语试卷（A）卷Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Speaker A: I am so glad I caught you at home. I need your help!Speaker B: ___________, Robin?A. Can IB. Do youC. What's thatD. What's up2. Speaker A: I don't have the slightest idea what you want to say.Speaker B: You don't have to.___________A. Forget it.B. Just follow my lead.C. I'll say it later.D. If only you wanted to.3. Speaker A: Nobody listened to what I have to say. I feel like a fool.Speaker B: Don't worry._________A. I'm with you.B. I like you.C. They are fools themselves.D. They are no better.4. Speaker A: Oh, hi Dr. Hill. Can I discuss my grade on my term paper with you now?Speaker B: Sure.__________A. What seems to be the problem?B. That seems to be a mistake.C.I really appreciate itD. Could I check back with you later?5. Speaker A: Mr. Jacob, you are a great help. How can I pay you back?Speaker B: OK, you buy me a coffee, __________.A. and there is no problemB. and we are evenC. and you'll feel betterD. and 1 won't say anythingSection B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: in this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B. C and O, Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSW ER SHEET with a sin file line through the center.6. Woman: Mr. Simpson, all the department managers are here except John.Man: Let's get the meeting rolling.Question: What does the man mean?A. Cancel the meetingB. Start the meetingC. Put the meeting offD. Continue the meeting7. Woman: Protecting the environment should be on the agenda of every one of us.Man: You took the words right out of my mouth.Question: What did the man mean?A. He agreed with the woman.B. He didn't believe the woman.C. The woman's words hurt him.D. The woman was talking nonsense.8. Woman: I can't forgive myself for that terrible mistake I have made.Man: Well, don't be too hard on yourself. It happens to the best of us.Question: What does the woman mean?A. The man should not be forgiven.B. Smart people make few mistakesC. The mistake is not seriousD. The man needn't feel that9. Woman: Here you are. Do it by six o'clock, OK?Man: By six o'clock? Give me a break. I'm not a superman.Question: What does the man mean?A. He wants to take a break.B. He has to work like a superman.C. There is not enough time for him.D. The work is too difficult for him.10. Woman: I'm clueless and, quite frankly, I'm getting worried about the future.Man: We're all in the same boat. Leaving school's a big step.Question: What's the issue they are facing now?A. Graduation examination.B. Traveling expenses.C. Career choicesD. Personal finance.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Direction s: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. You're your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center,11. I was annoyed by Tom who came late for our appointment and never _____ to ask how long Ihad been waiting.A. botherB. to botherC. botheringD. bothered12. The team members were upset when they heard that the project _____ have to be abandoned.A. mightB. shouldC. needD. shall13. I've attached my contact information in the recommendation letter _____ you have furtherquestions.A. becauseB. so thatC. sinceD. in case14. As computer security systems become even more advanced, _____ the methods of those whotry to break into them illegally.A. so too doB. so much doC. as much asD. as well as15. The questions are certain to _____ careful consideration before any major decision.A. giveB. have givenC. be givenD. have been given16. This robot is supposed to save a lot of labor, but it many create new problems if it really_____.A. isB. willC. hasD. does17. I don't know why Mary didn't ask me how to do it as I _____ her.A. must helpB. would helpC. should have helpedD. could have helped18. Peter and Bob both did a good job, but Peter is _____ talented of the two.A. the mostB. the moreC. mostD. more19. The function of school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the artof learning.A. thanB. thenC. asD. but20. Graduate school and college are similar _____ you have to choose a field of study and doresearch.A. in thatB. for thatC. for whichD. in which21. Father sometimes goes to the gym with us though he _____ going there.A. enjoysB. prefersC. dislikesD. denies22. She was among the most _____ players in the game, but the car accident ruined everything.A. promisedB. promotedC. promisingD. promoting23. Dina struggling for months to get a job as a waitress, finally took a _____ at a local advertisingagency.A. chanceB. positionC. stepD. challenge24. He doe sn’t eat pork, but _____ that he’ll eat just about anything.A. rather thanB. no more thanC. other thanD. no longer than25. Simon finally _____ to pressure from his parents to stop his tennis training before the exam.A. gave upB. gave inC. gave outD. gave way26. Thomas Edison was responsible for many _____ in addition to the light bulb.A. intentionsB. imaginationsC. instructionsD. innovations27. Thrilled that she got her first paycheck. Nancy immediately _____ her old phone with a newermodel.A. replacedB. renewedC. combinedD. compared28. Advertising is a tough business because it is very difficult to _____ new ideas sell the sameproduct.A. come up withB. get along withC. come up toD. get down to29. After thinking hard about why I did not have enough time for my schoolwork. I became _____that I watched too much TV.A. doubtfulB. worriedC. puzzledD. aware30. Following the same rules all these years, the club is _____ to any from of change.A. resolvedB. resistantC. restrictedD. reservedPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40points)Directions: There arc 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A. B, C, and D, Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSW ER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage OneIt has never been easy to be a teenager, and it is particularly difficult today. The world expects us to be grown up but rarely treats us like adults; we are part of a society in which drugs are readily available but extremely dangerous; our education consists of examinations and more examinations... Is it any wonder we struggle at times?One of the biggest problems is that parents demand mature and intelligent behavior from us, yet usually think of us as still being children. We help do a range of housework and care for sickly grandparents, but cannot watch adult movies on television. We are expected to show an interest in current affairs and get a part-time job to begin to support ourselves, but are not even allowed a say in where we go for the family holiday—never mind being allowed to holiday with our friends!Outside the home, we have to make sure our dissatisfaction does not lead us to rebellion and to the dealers who are just waiting to sell us various drugs. Older generations had to come to terms with alcohol and cigarettes; that was easy, by comparison. We go to a club, to dance, then are faced with temptations(诱惑), peer pressures and our own desire to fit in with the crowd There is always someone there with a designer drink, a designer smile and the latest designer drug to tempt us. Being a teenager has never been harder.Of course, it has never been so hard in school either. We have so many examinations that it is difficult to keep track: SATs, GCSEs... and the practice tests that accompany them. Homework is never ending. No teacher seems aware of how much work the others are setting, and, anyway, they would not care, because they are all under orders to improve results or their own careers will suffer.31. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. The tempting drugs that can be easily bought.B. The changing world that teenagers have to adapt to.C. School education that focuses merely on examinations.D. Various problems that teenagers have to deal with.32. Parents will most probably say no to their children if they want to_____.A. learn current affairs by watching TVB. go on vacation with friendsC. take a part time job while in schoolD. holiday with the rest of the family33. What does the author mean by saying "Being a teenager has never been harder" in Paragraph3?A. Parents are more demanding than ever before.B. Teenagers have to try harder to fit into the world.C. Teenagers are under greater pressure from peers.D. There are more and stronger temptations than before.34. AS is used in Paragraph 4, "the others" refers to _____.A. colleaguesB. neighborsC. parentsD. students35. Why do teachers give their students a huge lot of homework and examinations?A. They have a strong sense of responsibility.B. They intend to inspire students' interest in learning.C. They are demanded to improve students' scores.D. They intend to have students work harder in school.Passage TwoIf you like to take lots of vacation, the United States is not the place to work. Besides a handful of national holidays the typical American worker gets two or three precious weeks off out of a whole year to relax and sec the world —much less than what people in many other countries receive. And even that amount of vacation often comes with strings attached. So what's going on here?A big reason for the difference is that paid time off is demanded by law in many parts of the world. Germany is among more than two dozen industrialized countries—from Australia to Japan—that require employers to offer four weeks or more of paid vacation to their workers, according to a 2009 study by the human resources consulting company Mercer. Finland, Brazil and France are the champions, guaranteeing six weeks of time off. But employers in the United States are not obliged under federal law to offer any paid vacation, so about a quarter of all American workers don't have access to it, government figures show. That makes the U.S. the only advanced nation in the world that doesn't guarantee its workers annual leave.Most U.S. companies, of course, do provide vacation as a way to attract and retain workers. But the fear of layoffs and the ever -faster pace of work mean many Americans are reluctant to be absent from the office —anxious that they might look like they're not committed to their job. Or they worry they won't be able to cope with a pile of work waiting for them after a vacation. Then, there's the way we work.Working more makes Americans happier than Europeans, according to a study published recently in the Journal of Happiness Studies. That may be because Americans believe more than Europeans do that hard work is associated with success.So despite research documenting the health and productivity benefits of taking time off, a long vacation can be undesirable, scary, unrealistic or just plain impossible for many U.S. workers.36. According to the passage, the United States is a nation _____.A. that prefers relatively longer vacationsB. that has fewer national holidaysC. where workers do not have paid time offD. where employers are not required to offer paid vacation37. The phrase "with strings attached" (Para.1) probably means "_____ ".A. with specified conditionsB. with full freedomC. with many optionsD. with work in mind38. Which of the following countries offers the longest annual leave to its workers?A. Germany.B. Japan.C. France.D. Australia.39. Many Americans are hesitant to take a vacation because they _____.A. are afraid of losing their jobsB. enjoy the fast pace of workC. are devoted to their jobsD. like the challenges in work40. According to the author, Americans' chance of taking a long vacation is _____.A. uncertainB. slimC. goodD. promisingPassage ThreeNew research suggests that animals have a much higher level of brainpower than previously thought. If animals do have intelligence, how do scientists measure it? Before defining animals' intelligence, scientists defined what is not intelligence. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill programmed into an animal's brain. Rote(机械记忆) conditioning is also not intelligence. Tricks can be learned by repetition, but no real thinking is involved. Scientists believe that insight (顿悟), the ability to use tools, and communication using human language are all effective measures of the mental ability of animals.Scientists define insight as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed some boxes scattered about the lawn near the tree. She piled up the boxes, then climbed on them to reach her reward. The gorilla's insight allowed her to solve a new problem without trial and error.The ability to use tools is also an important sign of intelligence. Crows use sticks to get nuts out of cracks. The crow exhibits intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do. Likewise, seals use rocks to crack open shells in order to get at the meat.Many animals have learned to communicate using human language. One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than 250 abstract symbols on a keyboard. These symbols represent human words. An amazing parrot can distinguish five objects of two different types. He can understand the difference between the number, color, and kind of object. The ability to classify is a basic thinking skill. He seems to use language to express his needs and emotions. When ill and taken to the animal hospital for his first overnight stay, this parrot turned to go."Come here!" he cried to a scientist who works with him. "I love you. I'm sorry. Wanna go back? "The research on animal intelligence raises important questions. If animals are smarter than once thought, would that change the way humans interact with them? Would humans stop hunting them for sport or survival? Would animals still be used for food, clothing, or medical experimentation? Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a difficult puzzle even for a large-brained, problem-solving species like our own.41. As is mentioned in Paragraph 1, "tricks" played by animals may be _____.A. a sign of intelligenceB. a sign of instinctC. learned through trainingD. programmed in their brain at birth42. Crows' using sticks to get nuts out of cracks illustrates _____.A. rote learningB. the ability to use toolsC. communication skillsD. instinctive response43. The parrot's being able to distinguish five objects of two different types indicatesA. its ability to classifyB. its ability to countC. a grasp of human languageD. a flash of sudden understanding44. Which of the following is an example of animals' communication through the use of humanlanguage?A. Parrots can imitate.B. Gorillas scream for help.C. A crow shouts warnings to other crows.D. Chimps use symbols that stand for words.45. The last paragraph implies that _____.A. there is no way of measuring animal intelligenceB. animals are given opportunities to display their intelligenceC. the human-animal relationship needs to be reconsideredD. some animal instincts are well beyond our knowledgePassage FourAnother kinds of distinction that can be made among works of art is whether they were originally intended as objects purely to be looked at, or as objects to be used. The FINE ARTS, such as drawing, painting, and sculpture, involve the production of works to be seen and experienced primarily on an abstract rather than practical level. Pieces of fine art may produce emotional, intellectual, sensual, or spiritual responses in us. Those who love the fine arts feel that these responses are very valuable, and perhaps especially so in the midst of a highly materialistic world, for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself.In contrast to the nonfunctional appeals of the fine arts, the first purpose of the APPLIED ARTS is to serve some useful function. Lucy Lewis, a traditional potter from Acoma Pueblo in New Mexico, has applied a visually exciting surface decoration to her water jar. But the jar's main reason for being, however, is to hold water. Some of the people of Acoma, which may be the oldest continually inhabited city in the United States, still follow the old ways, carrying water for drinking,cooking, and washing up to their homes from natural ponds below. The forms of their water jars are therefore designed to prevent spilling and to balance readily on one's head. The pots must also be light in weight, so Acoma water pots are some of the world's thinnest - walled pottery. Interestingly, the languages of most Native American peoples do not include a word that means " fine art. " While they have traditionally created pottery, basketry, and weaving with a good sense of design, these pieces were part of their everyday lives.The applied art of pottery-making, is one of the crafts, the making of useful objects by hand. Other applied art disciplines are similarly functional. Graphic designers create advertisements, fabrics, layouts for books and magazines, and so on; Industrial designers shape the mass - produced objects used by high - tech societies, from cars, telephones, and teapots, to one of the most famous visual images in the world: the Coca -Cola bottle. Other applied arts include clothing design, interior design, and environmental design.46. What has the author probably discussed right before the passage?A. The history of art.B. The beauty of art.C. Some distinctions among works of art.D. The definition of art in general.47. Which of the following is true?A. Fine arts enrich our lives.B. Fine arts are associated with application.C. Products of crafts are made to be looked at.D. People in the materialistic world lacks the sense of beauty.48. The water jar mentioned in Paragraph 2 can be described as_________A. an example of fine artB. a product of graphic designC. a case of industrial designD. an object for practical use49. The Coca -Cola bottle mentioned in Paragraph 3 _____.A. is a product of craftsB. is an example of applied artC. produces spiritual responsesD. is an object to be looked at50. What is this passage mainly about?A. The functions of a water jar.B. Pottery-making in North America.C. Fine and applied arts.D. Nonfunctional appeals of fine arts.Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.U. S. researchers suggest sleeping can help us remember things we have just learnt. A team from Northwestern University 51 that a 90-minute nap (小睡)can help people learn a new skill. The 52 on their research is published in the June edition of the journal Nature. The scientists say: "Information acquired during waking can be reactivated (重新激活) during sleep, 53 memory stabilization." Test volunteers practised musical tunes before and after a short sleep. 54 the nap, the researchers played one of the tunes the volunteers had practiced. The team found that the participants made 55 errors when playing the tune that had been played while they slept.Study co-author Dr Paul J. Reuber points out the research might not work 56 learning a foreign language while you sleep. He s aid: “The critical 57 is that our research shows that memory is strengthened for something you've already learned.” He added: "Rather than learning something 58 in your sleep, we’re talking about enhancing an existing memory by reactivating information recently acquired." 59, Dr Reuber did say there were possibilities for language learners: "If you were learning 60 to speak in a foreign language during the day, for example, and then tried to reactivate those memories during sleep, perhaps you might enhance your learning," he said.51. A. imagine B. learn C. report D. guess52. A. claim B. article C. statement D. lecture53. A. disturbing B. lowering C. updating D. promoting54. A. During B. Before C. At D. After55. A. more B. fewer C. less D. most56. A. with B. for C. by D. upon57. A. similarity B. difference C. viewpoint D. response58. A. old B. strange C. unique D. new59. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Instead60. A. when B. where C. how D. whyPart V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.We all know that the most powerful force in our lives is love. In addition to providing us with soul-warming companionship, the emotion of love is truly inspiring.Of course, the facts of our lives tell a somewhat sad story. We have a very hard time making love last. The divorce rate in the U.S. is still around 50 percent. That figure doesn't even cover the many couples that live together without marriage and whose unions are even more likely to dissolve.Relationships fail because people have the misconception about what to expect in marriage.The fantasy is that everything will be wonderful as long as you find the perfect person -your missing half. But marriage is a team sport. It's one team with two people, with two different minds. The difficulty is that these two people disagree all the time. They need to know nondestructive ways of expressing differences and must also be prepared for the inevitable disappointments that come from living with another person.Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic of "what would you consider an ideal work environment''. You may base your composition on the Chinese clues given below and put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.工作环境包括很多方面：空间、设施、温度、光线、噪音、人员……我想要的理想的工作环境是……理想的工作环境的效果是……Key1-10: DAAAB BADAC 11-20: AADAD DDBDA 21-30: CCBCB AAADB 31-40: DBBAC DACAB 41-50: CBADC CADBC 51-60: CBDAC BCDAC。
在职硕士英语考试阅读理解
阅读精编50篇Test1Passage1When calling attention to public health problems,we must not mis-use the word“epidemic.”But there is no better word to describe the600-percent increase since1950in women’s death rates for lung cancer,a disease primarily caused by cigarette smoking.Clearly,smoking-related disease among women is a full-blown epidemic.Smoking is the most preventable cause of early death in this country.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC),smoking-related diseases causes the deaths of about178,000 women in the U.S.each year.On average,these women died14.5years earlier because they smoked.The most recent CDC survey(from2008)showed that more than1in6American women aged18 years or older(18.3%)smoked cigarettes.The highest rates were seen among American-Indian and Alaska-Native women(22.4%),followed by white(20.6%),African-American(17.8%),Hispanic (10.7%),and Asian women(4.7%).The less education a woman has,the more likely it is she will smoke.For instance,women with less than a high school education are more than twice as likely to smoke as college graduates.Overall,women are less likely to smoke than men.But it has been found that smoking is more popular among younger than older women.This is an alarming trend that will affect the future health of these young women.About21%of women ages25to44smoke;only about8%of women65and over do.If these younger women continue to smoke as they get older,they will have more smoking-related illness and disability.Smoking rates are slightly lower among women aged18to24,about19%.Women who smoke nearly always begin as teenagers--usually before high school graduation.And the younger a girl is when she starts,the more heavily she is likely to use tobacco as an adult.Teenage girls are just as likely to smoke as boys.The most recent CDC surveys showed that19%of female high school students and6%of middle school girls had smoked at least one cigarette in the past30days.1.What does the word“epidemic”probably mean?A.wrong doingsB.health issuesC.people’s attentionD.a disease that is prevalent2.What does the sentence underlined mean?A.epidemic is available here to depict the truth of women’s death rates for lung cancer.B.none words can describe the women’s death rates for lung cancer.C.There does exist a better words to describe the women’s death rates for lung cancer.D.epidemic is not a better word to describe the women’s death rates for lung cancer.3.What can we learn from the second paragraph?A.smoking is one of the factors responsible for early death in this country.B.smoking can not be avoidable in this country.C.smoking women will definitely die early.D.These women who begin smoking will die after14.5years.4.Which is the following is true?A.women who receive less education are more likely prone to smoking.B.college students have strong sense of opposing smoking.C.more are being found to smoke among older women than those of younger ones.D.the number of women who begin smoking between18and24dropped greatly.5.In the last paragraph,what is the purpose of showing the survey?A.to show the percentage of women who are smoking.B.women begin to smoke in university.C.Teenage girls are just as likely to smoke as boys.D.women begin smoking heavily when they begin adult.Passage2As providers and caretakers,adults tend to view the world of children as happy and carefree.After all,kids don’t have jobs to keep or bills to pay,so what could they possibly have to worry about? Plenty!Even very young children have worries and feel stress to some degree.Stress is a function of the demands placed on us and our ability to meet them.Pressures often come from outside sources,but they can also come from within.The pressure we place on ourselves can be most significant because there is often a discrepancy between what we think we ought to be doing and what we are actually doing in our lives.Stress can affect anyone who feels overwhelmed—even kids.In preschoolers,separation from parents can cause anxiety.As kids get older,academic and social pressures create stress.Many kids are too busy to have time to play creatively or relax after school.Kids who complain about the number of activities they’re involved in or refuse to go to them may be signaling that they’re overscheduled.Talk with your kids about how they feel about extracurricular activities.If they complain,discuss the pros and cons of quitting one activity.If quitting isn’t an option,explore ways to help manage your child’s time and responsibilities so that they don’t create so much anxiety.Kids’stress may be intensified by more than just what’s happening in their own lives.Do your kids hear you talking about troubles at work,worrying about a relative’s illness,or fighting with your spouse about financial matters?Parents should watch how they discuss such issues when their kids are near because children will pick up on their parents’anxieties and start to worry themselves.World news can cause stress.Kids who see disturbing images on TV or hear talk of natural disasters may worry about their own safety and that of the people they love.Talk to your kids about what they see and hear,and monitor what they watch on TV so that you can help them understand what’s going on.Also,be aware of complicating factors,such as an illness,death of a loved one,or a divorce. When these are added to the everyday pressures kids face,the stress is magnified.Even the most amicable divorce can be a difficult experience for kids because their basic security system—their family—is undergoing a tough change.6.What does the first paragraph want to convey?A.Kids will easily suffer stress too.B.children are happy and carefree all the time.C.very young children do not have worries and stress at any time.D.kids don’t have stress because they don’t have to work7.Which is the following is true?A.only young children have worries and feel stress to some degree.B.the stress is magnified only when the children are being scolded.C.Pressures of children not only come from outside sources but also from inside ones.D.the pressure we place on ourselves does not matter at all.8.Why is the pressure we place on ourselves can be most significant?A.Because difference exists between what we think we should do and what we actually do in ourlives.B.Because pressure often come from outside sources.C.Because pressure often come from inside sources.D.Nobody can escape from pressure.9.What does the word Overwhelmed mean?A.stressedB.over pleasedC.angryD.upset10.What is the main idea of the passage?A.How kid’s stress are intensified.B.How the stress is magnified.C.World news can cause stress.D.Sources of Stress of kids and ways to do with it.Passage3Biologically,there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals:the ability to laugh.In a divide world,laughter is a unifying force.Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps,but we all share the ability to laugh.And laughter,in turn,depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities:a sense of humor.Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.This can best be seen from the worldwide popularity of Charlie Chaplin’s early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from.A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar,but the effect is always the same.Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values.It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack.If we can see the funny side,we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously.We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy,so we never get a lot sided view of things.This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony.Human pain and suffering are so grim;we hover so often on the brink of war;political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances,cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd.We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver’s Travels.The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can’t agree which end to break an egg.We laugh because we meant to laugh;but we are meant to weep too.It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish in totalitarian regimes.11.The most important of all human qualities is_____.A.a sense of humorB.A sense of satireC.A sense of laughterD.A sense of history12.The author mentions about Charlie Chaplin’s early films because______.A.they can amuse peopleB.Human beings are different from animalsC.They show that certain comic stereotypes have a universal appealD.They show that people have the same ability to laugh13.One of the chief functions of irony and satire is______.A.to show absurdity of actionsB.to compensate balanceC.to take the wind out of politiciansD.to show too much grimness in the world14.What do we learn from the sentence“it is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish intotalitarian regimes?”A.It can reveal the truth of political events with satire.B.It can arouse people to riot.C.It shows tragedy and comedy are related.D.It can make people laugh.15.Who is Swift?A.A novelistB.A poetC.A dramatistD.An essayistPassage4Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction.Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution.Since the formation of the earth,many more species have become extinct than those exist today.These species slowly disappeared because of change of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation.Since the 1600s,however,the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment on natural ecology systems.Today the majority of the world’s environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection.Species become extinct or endangered for number of reasons,but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats.Drainage of wetlands,cutting and clearing of forests,growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats.As the various surroundings become fragments,the remaining animal population crowd into smaller areas,causing further destruction of natural surroundings.Species in these small“islands”lose contact with other populations of their extinction.Some private and government efforts have been organized to save declining ws were made in some countries in the early1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, approved by51nations.Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulatingand restricting trade in certain species.How effective such laws will be in various countries,however, depends on enforcement and support by the people and the courts.Because of lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species,the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade,the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.16.According to the passage,which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapidextinction of many species since the17th century?A.Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.B.Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution.C.The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.D.The world’s climate has changed greatly that most species cannot survive.17.In the last sentence of the second paragraph,the word“islands”refers to______.A.the lands that are completely surrounded by waterB.the wild animals’breeding grounds protected by lawC.the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roadsD.the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species18.This passage mentions all of the following causes for the extinction of many species EXCEPT______.A.natural selection of speciesB.various natural disastersmercial trade and killingD.destruction of natural surroundings19.According to the passage,which of the following is most important in saving declining species?ernments should make some laws to protect endangered species.B.People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.C.Relevant law must be made and enforced with the support of the people.D.Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.20.How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct?A.WorriedB.OptimisticC.IndifferentD.ConfidentTest2Passage1Britons are increasingly entertaining guests at home with dinner,film and karaoke nights,inspired by television shows on cookery and home entertainment,according to a survey.More than half(53percent)of the respondents to a poll of1,000Britons across the country said they now prefer to spend quality time with family and friends by inviting them over to their homes rather than meeting in bars and restaurants,the survey by mobile phone operator T-Mobile showed.Popular television shows such as“Come Dine With Me,”where amateur chefs attempt to show each other with their cooking skills,“Master Chef”where ordinary people compete to cook to Michelin standards and a number of celebrity cookery shows have inspired Britons to entertain at home.The poll showed that nearly a third of respondents had splashed out cash for home entertainment improvements such as sofas,dining tables,games consoles and bigger televisions to impress the guests.“Over the last couple of years,my clients have increasingly asked for home parties rather than ones at independent venues,”party planning expert Liz Brewer said in a statement accompanying the poll’s results.“This is not only due to the recession but because many have become increasingly house-proud and keen to show off their cooking skills,in addition to their latest home entertainment purchases.”Celebrity chef Jamie Oliver was the top choice for dream host of respondents,while Prime Minister Gordon Brown was one of the least favored,alongside his rival Conservative leader David Cameron.1.What does the word“entertain”mean?A.hostB.enjoyC.enrollD.recruit2.What does the phrase“quality time”mean?A.precious timeB.much timeC.good quality timeD.limited time3.Which is the following is not true?A.Many respondents involved in the poll prefer inviting guests to meeting in bars and restaurants.B.half of the respondents in a poll said they now like to spend quality time with family and friendsC.“Come Dine with Me,”involved cooking skills.D.“Master Chef”inspired Britons to welcome gusts at home.4.What does the“splash out”most probably mean?A.crushB.waste moneyC.ashD.blush5.Over the last couple of years,why do clients have increasingly asked for home parties rather than ones at independent venues?A.recession and their willingness to show their cooking skillsB.it is more healthy to eat at homeC.it is cleaner to eat at homeD.it can create harmonious atmospherePassage2In November1965,New York was blacked out by an electricity failure.The authorities promised that it would not happen again.Pessimists were certain that it would occur again within five years at the latest.In July1997,there was a repeat performance which produced varying degrees of chaos throughout the city of eight million people.In1965,the failure occurred in the cool autumn and at a time of comparative prosperity.In1997,the disaster was much more serious because it came when unemployment was high and the city was suffering from one of its worst heat waves.In1965,there was little crime or looting during the darkness,and fewer than a hundred people were arrested.In1997,hundreds of stores were broken into and looted.Looters smashed shop windows and helped themselves to jewelry,clothes or television sets.Nearly4,000people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night.The number of policemen available was quite inadequate and they wisely refrained from using their guns against mobs which far outnumbered them and included armed men.Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows.Banks and most businesses remained closed the next day.The blackout started at9:30p.m.,when lightning hit and knocked out vital cables.Many stores were thus caught by surprise.The vast majority of New Yorkers,however,were not involved in looting.They helped strangers, distributed candles and batteries,and tried to survive in a nightmare world without traffic lights, refrigerator,elevators,water and electrical power.For twenty-four hours,New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.6.From the first paragraph,we know that_____were right.A.the authoritiesB.the pessimistsC.both the authorities and the pessimistsD.neither the authorities nor the pessimists7.In what way was the blackout of1997not really a repeat performance?A.There was much more disorder.B.This time the electricity supply failed.C.It was quite unexpected.D.It did not occur within five years of1965.8.As far as maintaining the peace was concerned,conditions in1997were comparatively_____.A.more favorableB.less favorableC.unchargedD.improved9.What caused the blackout in July1997?A.Excessive heat probably made people switch on too many electrical appliances.B.Because of unemployment,some machines were not in proper working order.C.During a storm,lightning damaged supply cables.D.The passage does not mention the cause.10.Why did many looters escape at last?A.The police could not see them in the dark.B.Many of the looters were armed with guns.C.There were not enough policemen to catch them all.D.They were hidden inside big buildings.Passage3Greece,economically,is in the black.With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco,cotton and fruit,the country earns enough from‘invisible earnings’to pay for its needed, growing imports.From the sending out of things the Greeks,earn only$285million;from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad,the country takes in an additional#375million and this washes out the almost$400million by which imports exceed exports.It has a balanced budget.Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense,the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus—$66million.Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange.It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties to obtain parliamentary majorities.In thus summarizing a few happy highlights,I don’t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece’s problems.It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe,and poverty is widespread.At best an annual income of$60to$70is the lot of many a peasant,and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside,cities,and towns of Greece.There are few natural resources on which to build anysubstantial industrial base.Some years ago I wrote here:“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece.So far,most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”Great strides have been made.As far back as1956,expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece.At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people,who had been examining hotel possibilities,and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy.They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.Today most of the incredibly varied,beautiful,historical sights of Greece have new,if in many cases modest,tourist facilities.Tourism itself has jumped from approximately$31million to over$90million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized,greatly expanded Grande Bretagne,as well as other first-rate new hotels.And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome—without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.11.The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is______.A.Greek income and expendituresB.The improving economic situation in GreeceC.The value of tourismitary expenditures12.Many peasants earn less than______.A.$60a weekB.$2a weekC.$1a dayD.$10a month13.The Greek Government spends______.A.more than25%of its budget on military termsB.More than its collectsC.A third of a billion dollars in goldD.Less than25%of its budget on military terms14.According to the passage,Greece has______.A.a dictatorshipB.a monarchyC.a single majority partyD.too much red tape15.Greece imports annually goods and materials______.A.totaling almost$700millionB.that balance exportsC.that are paid by touristsD.costing$66millionPassage4The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see.Say goodbye to the greetings of the past,from the hands-off“What’s up!”to the handshake or high-five.For young people across the country,hugging is the new“Hello”.Girls are hugging girls.Boys are hugging boys.Girls and boys are hugging each other.And,like every major trend,there are lots of variations on the form.There’s the classic,full-body,arms-around-the-person bear hug,the casual one-armed side hug,the group hug and the hug from behind.There is the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.As trends go,this one seems pretty innocent.But some parents,teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless.Will young people who aren’t as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging?Will kids who don’t receive hugs feel left Out?Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?In response to some of these concerns,some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging.A few important points are being left out of the discussion.While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching—saving hugs and kisses for relatives,romantic partners and very close friends—people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men,but in some countries like Turkey,it’s not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on the cheek.Meanwhile,for the Maori people of New Zealand,a traditional greeting called the“hongi”involves pressing noses together.So,from a global perspective,the new trend of teen hugging in America is not so“new”after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello,and Americans are just now joining in.16.The word“practically”in the first paragraph could be best replaced by______.A.certainlyB.nearlyC.activelyD.voluntarily17.Which of the following is NOT among the typical ways of greetings in the past?A.hands off“What’s up”B.handshakeC.high-fiveD.embrace18.Some parents,teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of hugging for thefollowing reasons EXCEPT______.A.Some young people get involved into the trend due to peer pressure.B.Those who don’t receive hugs feel left out.C.There is the danger that hugging slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment.D.Diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact.19.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Teenagers across the US hug everyone they see in nearly the same way.B.Although some adults worry about the trend,few measures have been taken to ban on it.C.Traditionally,the US people have been reserved about hugging between anybody.D.In some countries,it is men to kiss each other on the cheek.20.We can infer that the author holds a______attitude toward the new trend of hugging.A.positiveB.negativeC.indifferentD.conservativeTest3Passage1Simply saying“thank you”may benefit both the recipient and the person who express gratitude, according to the results of studies conducted by researchers at Florida State University in Tallahassee.The studies,published in the latest issue of Psychological Science,found that saying“thank you”strengthens relationships by causing the person expressing thanks to feel more responsible for the recipient’s welfare.In one study,137college students completed a survey regarding how often they expressed gratitude to a friend or partner.Results showed that gratitude was positively linked with the person’s perception of the“communal”strength.In another study involving218college students,expressing gratitude found the expresser’s perception of the relationship’s strength over time was boosted.In the third study,75men and women were randomly assigned to one of four groups.Over a three-week period,one group expressed gratitude to a friend;another thought grateful thoughts about a friend,while a third thought about daily activities and a fourth had positive interactions with a friend. Those who expressed gratitude reported stronger relationships at the end of study than those in the other groups.Gratitude,when expressed,boosted communal strength,according to the study’s lead author, Nathaniel Lambert,a research associate at the University.He said the findings make sense because“when you express gratitude to someone,you are focusing on the good things that person has done for you,”he said.“It makes you see them in a more positive light and helps you to focus on their good traits.”Lambert said his research team tested the idea that:“The person doing the thanking comes to perceive the relationship as more communal,to see the person as more worthwhile to make a sacrifice for,to go the extra mile to help out”.Although the studies only looked at the people expressing gratitude,Lambert speculated that,“those who are being thanked will often feel an urge to reciprocate.They will want to express their gratitude back.It can become kind of an upward spiral.”1.What does“the person”in the first sentence refer to?A.the recipientB.the person who say“thank you”C.researchersD.the author2.How can saying“thank you”strengthen relationships?A.by making people more ready for the friendshipB.by way of making people who say“thank you”feel more responsible for the recipient’s welfareC.by saying repeatedlyD.by the expressions between close friends3.What were the three different studies conducted for?A.To show how many people have said“thank you”all the time.B.To present the positive phenomena in society.C.To make the way in which expressing gratitude helps deepen relationships clear.D.To make it clear that whether expressing gratitude can help deepen relationships.4.What does the word“reciprocate”mean?A.thank backB.receiptC.acceptD.reception5.What does the author’s attitude towards“saying thank you”?A.negativeB.indifferentC.positiveD.horrifying。
在职考研英语试题及答案
在职考研英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
AIn recent years, the number of working adults who are returning to school to further their education has been on the rise. This trend is often attributed to the increasing demand for higher qualifications in the job market.1. What is the main reason for the trend mentioned in the passage?A) The job market is becoming more competitive.B) The demand for higher education is increasing.C) The number of working adults is growing.D) The quality of education is improving.BThe article discusses the benefits of learning a second language. It mentions that being bilingual can enhance cognitive abilities and improve job prospects.2. What is one of the benefits of learning a second language according to the article?A) It can increase one's salary.B) It can improve cognitive abilities.C) It can reduce the risk of certain diseases.D) It can improve social skills.二、完形填空（共15分，每题1.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
With the invention and development of television,entertainment has grown much more visual in character and is demanding less and less use of the imagination,considered by many to be man's greatest faculty.But its greatest inadequacy lies in its inability to exercise just those creative powers in men which are called upon and developed in the pursuit of a worthwhile hobby, This lack is not serious while a man is still fully employed in his day-to-day work which itself often gives him opportunities to create either with his hands or with his mind.At this time he seeks only some form of relaxation in his leisure.There comes a time,however,when he must retire from his occupation on account of age,and it is then that these shallower pastimes,useful enough has a form of relaxation,might cease to satisfy the hitherto active man.Today,many elderly people are finding this to be true,and seem constantly to be suffering from a sense of frustration after retirement,which reveals seem constantly to be suffering from a sense of frustration after retirement,which reveals itself in a short temper and slow degeneration of health, the two most common symptoms.
1.The writer criticizes visual entertainment because
A.it does not require man's creative powers.
B.it demands too much of our imagination.
C.it can not improve our intelligence and skill.
D.it leads man to slow degeneration in health.
参考答案：C
2.What is regarded as man’s greatest faculty?
A.Entertainment
B.Character
C.Hobbies
D.Imagination
参考答案：D
3.While fully employed,men look for
A.visual entertainment that requires imagination in their leisure.
B.opportunities to create either with their hands or with their minds in their leisure.
C.something that will help them relax in their leisure.
D.creative hobbies in their leisure.
参考答案：C
4.When retired,the elderly people find that
A.shallower pastimes can no longer satisfy them.
B.it is unnecessary to cultivate creative hobbies in their younger days.
C.doing anything after retirement is unnecessary.
D.relaxation is most suitable for their retired life.
参考答案：A
5.It can be inferred from the passage that
A.hobbies are more important to the young than to the elderly.
B.we should develop worthwhile hobbies when we are young.
C.in ancient times entertainment was more visual in character.
D.hobbies are not important in the health of modern men.
参考答案：B。