11--12高考真题名词性从句(含答案)

名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。

因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。

（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。

有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。

2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。

有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。

that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。

注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。

连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。

根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。

（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。

e.g. Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。

e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。

e.g. The question was who could go there.2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。

引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。

e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work.. I’m interested in what you’ve said.3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。

但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。

e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。

e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。

e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true. I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。

whether 可与不定式连用。

whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。

但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。

e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They don’t know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time.（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。

e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.◆名词性从句的几个难点◆that通常不可省略的三种情况(1)引导主语从句，that置于句首时。

That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.他考试不及格让父母很失望。

(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略。

I wished (that) we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai.我希望今年夏天我们能去杭州旅游，并在返程时在上海买些书回来。

(3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。

He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan.他已清楚表明不同意这项计划。

what和that在名词性从句中的区别(1)what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语，意义上相当于the thing(s) that，引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数而定；what引导的从句可作介词的宾语从句。

What he wants are those books.他需要的是那些书。

What he wants is some water.他需要的是一些水。

A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.一个现代化的城市已经在10年前还是一块废地的地方建造起来了。

(2)that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义；引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动词用单数；引导宾语从句时，常被省略；that从句一般不充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in 的宾语。

That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.(＝It seems unlikely that she will refuse the offer.)她不可能拒绝那个建议。

I have found (that) all the tickets have been sold out.我发现所有的票已售完。

He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.除了有点粗心之外，他是一个好学生。

whether与if的用法比较(1)二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句可以互换。

I don’t know whether/if he’ll attend the meeting.我不知道他是否会出席会议。

(2)在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if。

①whether引导从句可以放于句首。

Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他来不来都一样。

②whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。

The question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon.他是否入队的问题还没决定。

The question is whether it is worth trying.问题是这是否值得一试。

③whet her可以作介词宾语，if则不可。

I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll lend him the money.关于是否借给他钱的问题，我还没最后决定。

④whether后可以加不定式，if不可。

He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是该结婚还是该等待。

⑤可以说whether...or引导让步状语从句，“无论，不论”，if则不可。

Whether it rains or snows，I don’t care.无论下雨还是下雪，我都不在乎。

that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别(1)that 作为关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时常可省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，无实义，也不作句子的任何成分，一般不能省略。

The news (that) he told me surprised me.(定语从句)他告诉我的消息让我很吃惊。

The news that he gave in surprised me.(同位语从句)他投降的消息让我很吃惊。

(2)能跟同位语从句的通常是抽象名词，常见的有belief(信念)，fact(事实)，idea(想法)，hope(希望)，doubt(怀疑)，news(新闻)，problem(问题)，order(命令)，decision(决定)，discovery(发现)，information(信息)，knowledge(知识)，opinion(观点)，truth(事实)，report(报道)，thought(想法)等，同位语从句用于说明这些名词的具体内容。

而跟定语从句的名词则范围广泛。

The fact that the transport of the goods cost too much was not discussed.运费太高这一事实没有被讨论。

We have strong belief that we will win the war.我们对能赢得这场战争抱有坚定的信心。

We have some doubt whether they can come on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时来。

◆典型题分析◆1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.A. thatB. whatC. that thatD. what what2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.A. whichB. howC. whatD. having3.“Is ______ you want to say？” asked the teacher.A. thisB. thatC. all thatD. that all4. “When ______ leave for Japan？” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”A. they will, will theyB. will they, they willC. they will, theywill D. will they, will they（1） None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.A. she will marry, she will marryB. she marries, she marriesC. she will marry, she marriesD. she marries, she will marry（2）“Where _______ go to work？” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”A. we shall, we shallB. shall we, shall weC. shall we, we shallD. we shall, shall we5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is比较以下两句：Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you.Someone is at the door. It may be the postman.6. D on’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves？A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what（1） Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what（2） I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what（3） He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.A. thatB. whichC. asD. because◆高考题链接◆1． The fact has worried many scientists________the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A．what B．which C．that D．though2． At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see________it got any better.A．when B．how C．why D．if3． It is obvious to the students________they should get well prepared for their future. A．as B．which C．whether D．that4．Many young people in the West are expected to leave________could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.A．as B．that C．which D．what5． Could I speak to________is in charge of International Sales，please?A．anyone B．someone C．whoever D．no matter who6．—Is there any possibility________you could pick me up at the airport?—No problem.A．when B．that C．whether D．what7． We should consider the students’request________the school library provide more books on popular science.A．that B．when C．which D．where8． News came from the school office________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. A．which B．what C．that D．where9． A good friend of mine from________I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A．how B．whom C．when D．which10．)Many young people in the West are expected to leave________could be l ife’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.A．as B．that C．which D．what◆精编陷阱题训练◆1． The information will be helpful to________will take over the job.A．those B．who C．whoever D．anyone2． The painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate________its price would be. A．that B．which C．what D．/3．________you don’t like him is none of my business.A．What B．If C．That D．Whether4． The media today can draw public attention to________help is actually needed.A．that B．which C．where D．whose5． ________medicine works in a human body is a question________not everyone can understand fully.A．How；that B．That；which C．What；which D．What；that 6．(2010年郑州一模)—I think it’s going to be an argument.—Yes，it could be.—I wonder________we can do about it.A．what B．how C．when D．whether7．Sorry I’m so late，but you cannot imagine________great trouble I took to find your house. A．what B．how C．which D．why8． Professor Backman took up scientific research for decades，and this is________he devoted all his life to.A．which B．what C．where D．how9． Tina was hesitating about the job offer as she did not know________the company was an established one.A．whether B．what C．Until D．although10． It could be judged from her eyes________she was very satisfied with her performance. A．what B．which C．that D．where11． The problem is________we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.A．when B．where C．how D．that12． ________you have picked up，you must give it back to________it belongs to. A．Whatever；whoever B．What；no matter who C．No matter what；no matter who D．Whatever；no matter who13． After working on the maths problem for hours，he found________he thought was the key to it.A．what B．that C．where D．which14．—I will give you happily________you ask for only if I have.—I like you indeed.A．whichever B．whatever C．no matter what D．no matter which15． It was not what he said but________he said it that hurt my feelings.A．that B．what C．how D．whether◆基础练习◆一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.二、用适当的连词填空：1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. ____________ we need is more time.5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.三、选择填空：1. Do you see _____ I mean?A. thatB./C. howD. what2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. why3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.A. whatB. thatC. /D. how4. Let me see _____.A. that can I repair the radioB. whether -I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radioD. whether can I repair the radio5. Keep in mind _____.A. that the teacher saidB. what did the teacher sayC. that did the teacher sayD. what the teacher said6. Could you advise me _____?A. which book should I read firstB. what book should I read firstC. that book 1 should read firstD. which book I should read first7. He was criticized for _____.A. he had done itB. what he had doneC. what had he doneD. that he had done it8. Would you kindly tell me _____?A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway StationB. how I can get to the Beijing Railway StationC. where can I get to the Beijing Railway StationD. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.A. what had she seen in ChinaB. that she had seen in ChinaC. what she had seen in ChinaD. which had she seen in China10. We took it for granted ___A. that they were not comingB. that were they not comingC. they were coming notD. were they not coining11. I really don't know _____A. I should do nextB. what should I do nextC. what I should do nextD. how I should do next12. I'm afraid _____.A. the little girl will have to be operated onB. that will the little girl have to operate onC. the little girl will have to operate onD. that will the little girl have to be operated on13. She walked up to _____ .A. where did I standB. where I stoodC. I stood thereD. where I stood there14. Can you tell me _____?A. who is that gentlemanB. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman isD. whom .is that gentleman15. We'll give you _____.A. that do you needB. what do you needC. whatever you needD. whether do you need参考答案：一、1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句二、1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where;10. whether三、1~5 DBABD 6~10 DBBCA 11~15 CABCC【2012安徽】27. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A. whereB. whetherC. thatD. why【2012重庆】34. Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleepingproblems are likely to continue when they grow up.A. whyB. howC. whetherD. that【2012全国】24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike. A. how B. which C. that D. what【2012北京】24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.A. whyB. howC. thatD. whether 【2012福建】35. We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. whomC. whoeverD. whomever【2012陕西】20. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.A. whateverB. whicheverC. wheneverD. wherever【2012山东】25. It doesn’t matter _____ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how B. whether C. what D. why【2012湖南】26. Ev eryone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ___ you have lived there for a short or a long time.A. whyB. howC. whetherD. when【2012天津】9. It doesn’t matter ____ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.A. whetherB. howC. ifD. when【2012江西】25. It suddenly occurred to him ___ he had left his keys in the office.A. whetherB. whereC. whichD. that【2012辽宁】34. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _____ he could find about Mark Twain.A. whereverB. howeverC. whateverD. whichever【2012四川】17. Scientists study ____ human brains work to make computers.A. whenB. howC. thatD. whether【2012浙江】4. I made a promise to myself ____ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.A. whetherB. whatC. thatD. how【2012江苏】27. The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.A. whenB. thatC. whetherD. how1.（2011·天津卷）13. Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to manydiseases.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where2.（2011·江西卷）26.The villagers have already known _____ we will do is to rebuild thebridge.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which3.（2011·四川卷）10.Our teachers always tell us to believes in we do and who we areif we want to succeed. A.why B.how C.what D.which4.（2011·北京卷）31. The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face.A. whatB. howC. thatD. why5.（2011·北京卷）22. Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A. WhichB. WhatC. ThatD. Whom6.（2011·陕西卷）15.I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had themoney.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what7.（2011·辽宁卷）32. When the news came the war broke out, he decided, to serve in thearmy.A. sinceB. whichC. thatD. because8.（2011·江苏卷）26．It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. A．that B．how C．when D．why9.（2011·湖南卷）31 Before the problem can be solved, it must be obvious ______the promlenitself is.A.whatB. thatC. whichD.why10.(2011·安徽卷)33.His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it ishe is trying to express.A. thatB. howC. whoD. what11.(2011·山东卷)26. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______he neverfinishes anything.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. why12.(2011·山东卷)33.We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.A. whereB. whatC. whetherD. which13.（2011·重庆卷）34. It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new inventioncan be of to human life.A. whoseB. whatC. whichD. that14.（2011·重庆卷）22. It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should bereplaced with a modern hotel or not.A. whetherB. whenC. whichD. where课后作业完形填空（2012福建卷）The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be 36 . Solitude can be hard to discover 37 it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have 38 our culture.The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a ( n) 39 as we've known it. People have become so 40 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 they'd rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog(写博客), not only from our 42 but from our mobile phones as well.Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it, and at this point not 44 it would make them an outsider. 45 , many jobs and careers require people to be 46 . From this point of view, technology has changed the cultureof work. Being reachable might feel like a 47 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who 48 wants it. Computers can be shut 49 and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be "connected" and "on" has many 50 , as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up 51 on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel 52 and forced to answer unwanted calls or 53 to unwanted texts.Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society 54 across generations. Some find today's technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like 55 daily advancements in technology.36. A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected37. A. though B. until C. once D. before38. A. respected B. shaped C. ignored D. preserved39. A. edge B. stage C. end D. balance40. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable41. A. even if B. only if C. as if D. if only42.A. m edia B. computes C. databases D. monitors43. A. b ent B. h ard C. keen D. dependent43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent44. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow46. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested47. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment48. A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really49. A. out B. down C. up D. in50. A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions51. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted52. A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused53. A. turn B. submit C. object D. reply54. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist55. A. beyond B. within C. despite D. without书面表达81..生活中冲突时有发生。