职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解完整版全 (4)

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职称英语真题《卫生C》阅读理解题

职称英语真题《卫生C》阅读理解题职称英语真题《卫生C》阅读理解精选题新一轮职称英语备考即将开始，yjbys网店铺为帮助考生高效备考职称英语考试，下面是yjbys网店铺提供给大家关于职称英语真题《卫生C》阅读理解精选题，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

Better Control of TB Seen if a Faster Cure Is FoundThe World Health Organizationl estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it.The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductionswould take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization developed the DOTS program in 1990. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.31. Each year, about __________ people die of TB, according to the World Health Organization.A. one-third of allB. eight millionC. two millionD. one million32. The mathematical model tested in Southeast Asia shows that a faster cure is developed and in wide use as early as the year of __________.A.1990B.2020C.2030D.201233. Now there are __________ most common drugs being used for more than forty years.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four34. Which of the following statements in NOT right in Paragraph 2?A. Current treatments of TB take at least six months.B. Shorter treatment program would likely mean more patients cured, and fewer infectious patients.C. The patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily.D. The patients should stop taking antibiotic drugs as soon as they feel better.35. The long-term goal of the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development is a treatment that could workA. in half a yearB. in two monthsC. in ten dosesD. in ten days答案与解析31.C。

职称英语卫生类C级-4_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

职称英语卫生类C级-4(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)第1部分：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中，选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

1.Annual renewal is automatic.SSS_SINGLE_SELA every weekB every monthC every yearD every day该问题分值: 1答案:Cannual=every year“每年”；every week“每星期”；every month“每月”；every day“每天”。

2.This original model was designed to interface easily with test and measurement instruments.SSS_SINGLE_SELA interactB provideC connectD work该问题分值: 1答案:Cinterface“对接、接合、联系”；interact“互相作用、互相影响”；connect“连接”；provide“提供”；work“工作”，这个原始模型被设计用来方便地与测试和测量仪器相连接。

3.Major product categories encompass electronic test and measuring instruments, solid-**ponents, electronic calculations.SSS_SINGLE_SELA roundB includeC aroundD and该问题分值: 1答案:Bencompass“包围、包含”；include“包括”；round作为介词解释为“围绕、在……周围”，作为名词可意为“一连串的(事件等)、圆”；around副词、介词“到处、周围”，主要产品分类包括电子测试、测量仪器、组件、电子计算器。

职称英语卫生类C阅读理解及完形填空word版

第二篇：Going on a dietA typical person needs about l ,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart beating and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating properly and your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person increases weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to reduce the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic principle behind going on a diet.Unfortunately. diets don't work for mast people. They do lose weight but then go off the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to maintaining a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calcries you need in a day and how many you actually take in. The next step is to add exercise so that you can raise the number of calories you can consume per day.Exercise charts can show you how many calories different forms 0f exercise can burn. Burning 250 0r 500 calories per day can make a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watch TV or you can climb the stairs instead of the elevaror. Find an exercise partner Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothts if you are on a diet.Tight clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.第八篇：Eat Healthy1. Parents in the United States tend to ask their children not to waste food.2. Why do American restaurants serve large portions? Because Americans associate quantity with value.3.What happened in the 1970s? The American waistline started to expand.4. What does the survey indicate? Many poor Americans want large portions.5. Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans? They don't want to be healthy eaters第一篇：Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor第二篇：Medical Journals第三篇：Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor第四篇：Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women第五篇：U.S.Eats Too Much Salt第六篇：Pushbike Peril第七篇：Late-night Drinking第九篇：U.S.to Start $3.2Billion Child Health Study in January第十篇：Cigars Instead?第十一篇：Sleeplessness第十二篇： Common-cold Sense第十三篇：Drug Reactions-a Major Cause of Death第十四篇：Dreams第十五篇：Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay第十六篇：Sleep第一篇：Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found第三篇：One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live第四篇：Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of Cancers第五篇：Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence第六篇：Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV Treatment第七篇：Exercise第八篇：Old And Active第九篇：Many Women Who Beat Cancer Don't Change Habits第十篇：Hospital Mistreatment第十一篇：Migrant Workers第十二篇：Dreams第十三篇：Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack第十四篇：A Health Profile第十五篇：Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years第一篇：Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is FoundThe Worid Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB usually ln their lungs Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and dng-resistant forms of tuberculosis.Current treatments take at least six months. Pattients have to make a combination Of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists tratment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tubereulosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be A professor of intermational health at Harvard Uniiversity led the study.Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured it would also mean fewer Infectious patientswho can pass on their infection to others.The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatnment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it Might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place betweern two thousand twelve and two thouaand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.The World Health Organization developed the DOTS' pmgram in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. HeaIth workers watch tuberculosis patientbs take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old.The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is atreatment that could work in as few as ten doses.第三篇：One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt’s now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox vir us. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it - one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?In reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let going of such a potent potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few vials. And the last "official" stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia,for no obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So once again there's a good reason to keep the virus - just in case the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia? Simple. Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that's open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everyrhing. But it doesn't mean the idea is wrong. If the virus is useful, then let's make it the servant of all humanity - not just a part of it.第四篇：Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of CancersDiet is second only to tobacco as a leading cause of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease in. developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to cancer, but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity play a major role."Five percent of cancers could be avoided if nobody was obese," he said.While tobacco is linked to about 30 percent 0f cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol in about six percent.Obesity raises the risk of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth throat and liver. Its dangerous impact is increased when combined with smoking.Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK that other elements of diet linked to cancer are still unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study, which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some questions.Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the lowest consumption of fruit and vegetables among European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest. Eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.Key, principal scientist on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers includine colorectal, breast and prostate.第五篇：Men Too May Suffer from Domestic ViolenceNearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimatepatner during their lifetimes. according to one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and health among men."Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don't hear ahout it often," Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the study's authors, told Reuters Health. "They oflen don't tell and we don't ask. We want to get the message out to men who do experience domestic violemce that they are not alone and there are resources available to them."The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical abuse. such as threats that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior ( for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go) , and constant name-calling.Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14. 2 percem said they had experienced intimate partner violence in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.Rates were lower for men 55 and older, with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experieneed it in the past 12 months.Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26. 5 percent of older men said they had been victims of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men experienced was physical.However, the physical violence men reported wasn't as harsh as that suffered by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent of women.Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems than those who had not, especially older men, the researchers found. 第一篇：Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor1.Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage? To produce better and lighter building materials2.How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases? By lighting up in the presen ofa targeted molecule3.How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective? By making a drug target the focus of a disease4.The following developing countries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology EXCEPT Iran5.Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano-materials mentioned in the passage? They may behave differently in the body and the environment第二篇：Medical Journals1. The main readers of medical joumals are health professionals2. Which of che following statements is NOT true? Most medical joumals publish only online3. How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage? Five4. An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called a review article5. Letters to the ediior enable readers of a medical joumal lo express comments on articles published in that journal第三篇：Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the rsearchers? Patients with lung cancer become yaunger, especially females2 Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai? Breast cancer3 What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes? Irritated eyes and throat4 What was the local women’s reaction when th ey leamed that cooking oil fumes could lead to Cancer? Surprised5. Which of the following has relatively little connection with women’s lung cancer? Personal healrh and physical condition第四篇：Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Womenl How many babies are bom with low birth weight in the developed countries every year according to WHO? 2,000,0002 A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the fallowing substances EXCEPT antiviral substances3 Wkich of the following is NOT one of the effects of multivitamins mentioned in the prssage? To reduce the rate of babies born too early4 What a ro1e do lymphocytes play in the human body? To raise the body's immunity against infection5 How many percent of babies were born with low birth weight to women who were not infceted with the AIDS virus and took the multivitamins according to a new study? Less than 8%第五篇：U.S.Eats Too Much Salt1. Too much salt raises one's risk for all of the above2. How much salto most American adulrs eat per day? Closer t0 3,500 mg3. To improve their blood pressure. people should have a diet rich in poraasium and calcium4. The high-risk groups include those both A and B5. Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to be rich in salt第六篇：Pushbike Perill According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because they may kill children2 In paragraph2,the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries TO tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the project3 Paragraph 3 mainly discusses how serious injuries occur4 The passage implies that it is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design5 In which of the following ways the handgrip work? It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents第七篇：Late-night Drinkingl The author mentions "pick-me-up" to indicate that coffee is a stimulant2 Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep? Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone3 What does paragraph3 mainly discuss? Different effects of catfeinated coffee and decaf on sleep4 What does the experiment mentioned in paragrah4 prove? Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone5 The author of this passage probably agrees that we should not drink coffee after supper第九篇：U.S.to Start $3.2Billion Child Health Study in Januaryl The aim of the study is to find new ways to prevent or treat illness2 Rcsearchers will collect all the following EXCEPT samples of air and water from hospitals3 It is expected that through the study the nation's health care costs will be lowered in the long run4 The babies of the participants will be followed for more than two decades5 Which is NOT true of the people in the study? They'll be from all age groups第十篇：Cigars Instead?1 According to the report. smoking three or four cigars a day greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers2 In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily Seven3 What is the main idea of the article "cigars:Health Effects and Trends"? When it comes to cancer,cigars are not any safer than cigarettes4 What is the doctors advice to those cigar-smokers? To give it up completely5 In the context of this passage, 'secondhand smoke' means eing near cigar smokers when they are smoking第十一篇：Sleeplessnessl The word "insomnia"m the first paragraph means having trouble falling or staying asleep2 How many possible causes of sleeplessness are mentioned in the second paragraph? Six3 The expression "second on the list" in the second paragraph means the secand most important cause of sleeplessness4 Concerning the use of sleeping pills,which of the following statements is true? Sleeping pills should be used in a very small amount5 Which of the following does not fit with sleep hygiene? Making a rule to go to bed at a specific time evey day第十二篇： Common-cold Sensel According to the essay, you may have a cold because the spread of thinoviruses gets people infected2 The bestt way to keep yourself from getting colds is to keep yourself clean3 Children have more colds because they are not immune to many cold viruses yet4 When you are having a cold it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had laet time5 When one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT having a stomachache第十三篇：Drug Reactions-a Major Cause of Deathl Researchers at the University of Toronto believe that ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 years2 The investigators say that 6.7% of all hospitalized patients in America experience ADRs each year on average3 An American research estimates that the total sum of money spent in treating ADRs each year is as much as $4,000,000,0004 The Canadian investigators think that the ADR incidence figures from their research are perhaps less than the real amount5 According to Dr. David Bates, hospitals in America are not paying enough attention to possibilities of ADR happenings第十四篇：Dreams1 There are in general two opinions about what we experience in a dream one, dreams put new information into our memories, and two, dreams have real meanings in pictures different from our logical thinking2 According to this anicle, we almost always see different "pictures" when we are dreaming3 In your dreams, you seldom feel fear now and joy later4 This essay tells us that people usually dream in an REM sleep5 Based what is discussed in this writing.an adult may have at most about 25% of the time of his or her sleep dreaming第十五篇：Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay1 According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think that their illness is not so serious2 Pcople with a positive emotional style may have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT selfish3 Which of rhe following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have? Warm-blooded4 How did the researchers test their volunteers? By giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus5.Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected? Blood test第十六篇：Sleep1. The question raised in Paragraph l is "no mere academic one" because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits2. According to the passage, the main problem about night work is that your life is disturbed by changing from day to night rourines and back3. According to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be to employ people who will always work at nightD to find ways of selecting people who adapt quickly.4.In the second paragraph, "the third" means the third week5. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, "another" means another routine第六篇：Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV TreatmentBristol-Myers Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many HIV drugs into a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS,2 for example, are all treated with combinations of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be simpler if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day.Now, two companies say they have done that for people just starting treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The companies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have developed a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3 Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them under the name of Sustiva.4 Gilead combined the others, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four.Combining drugs involves more than technical issues. It also involves issues of competition if the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of what is described as the first joint venture agreement of its kind in the treatment of HIVIn January the New England Journal of Medicine5 published a study of the new pill. Researchers compared its effectiveness to6 that of the widely used combination of Sustiva and Combivir. Combivir contains two drugs, AZT7and 3TC.8The researchers say that after one year of treatment, the new pill suppressed HIV levels in more patients and with fewer side effects.9 Gilead paid for the study. Professor Joel Gallant at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, led the research. He is a paid adviser to Gilead and Bristol-Meyers Squibb as well as the maker of Combivir, GlaxoSmithKline.Glaxo Smith Kline reacted to the findings by saying that a single study is of limited value. It says the effectiveness of Combivir has been shown in each of more than fifty studies.The price of the new once-daily pill has not been announced. But Gilead and Bristol-Myers Squibb say they will provide it at reduced cost to developing countries. They plan in the next few months to ask the United States Food and Drug Administration10 to approve the new pill.There are limits to who could take it because of the different drugs it contains. For example, pregnant women are told not to take Sustiva because of the risk of birth disorders.11 Experts say more than forty million people around the world are living with HIV第七篇：ExerciseWhether or not exercise adds to the length of life, it is common experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore, exerise which involves play and recreation, and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits careful consideration.The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrillwith the exhilaration of strenuous sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover promptly with a period of rest. But not so with those of middle age and beyond. For them moderation is of vital importance. Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is question hard _to answer. Individual variability is too great to permit of generalization. A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly for another. The sage limit for exercise depends on the condition of the heart, the condition of the muscles, the type of exercise, and the regularity with which it is taken. Two general suggestions, however, will serve as sound advice for anyone. The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be determined periodically by careful, thorough physical examinations. The other is that exercise should be kept below the point of physical exhaustion.What type of exercise one should choose _depens upon one’s physical condition. Young people can safely enjoy vigorous competitive sports, but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities. Walking, swimming, skating are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate in throughout life. Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment and benefit out of exercise. 第八篇：Old And ActiveIt is well—known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries. A recent report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world．A healthy long life is the result of improvement in social environment.Scientists are trying to work out exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be learnt from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we make any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret ingredient in the Japanese diet that is particularly beneficial to the human body?Another factor contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate．Although longer life should be celebrated, it is actually considered a social problem．The number of older people had doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs．The country could soon be facing an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked after and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them．Raising the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a sense of responsibility and mission in lif e. It’s important that the elderly play active roles in the society and live in harmony with all generations.第九篇：Many Women Who Beat Cancer Don't Change HabitsMany women who battle breast cancer will tell you it's a life-changing experience. However, a new study shows that for many women, the changes aren't always positive or permanent.Beth Snoke has watched her mother and both grandmothers battle and survive breast cancer So when she was diagnosed, there was no doubt in her mind what she had to do."I do exactly what the doctors say as far as the medicine that I'm on, as far as thevitamins, the diet, and the fitness. And I can't stress enough how important that is," says Beth Snoke. But a surprising new study shows that no every woman who beats breast cancer is getting that message. In fact, nearly 40% bf them say even after surviving breast cancer, they haven't made significant changes in the way they eat or how much they exercise."Not all survivors are taking advantage of this teachable moment and making positive health changes in their life," says Electra Paskett, PhD, at Ohio State University's Comprehensive Cancer Center. Paskett says diet and exercise have been proven to not only help women feel better during and after treatment, they may also play a role in preventing some cancers from coming back. Despite growing evidence, some women just aren't listening."Colon cancer survivors who exercise have actually been shown to have improved survival rates. So, yes, it is true that perhaps by making some of these healthy choices we can actually increase their health," says Paskett.As a breast cancer survivor herself , Paskett knows first hand how much difference diet and exercise can make The challenge, she says, is to get more survivors to be more like Beth, during and after treatment.Experts say exercising more and eating a healthier diet can also cut down on stress and help women overcome depression. There are more than 2 million breast cancer survivors living in the U.S. Of those, nearly a million have yet to change their diet or exercise routines.第十篇：Hospital MistreatmentAccording to a study, most medical interns report experiencing mistreatment, including humiliation by senior doctors, being threatened, or physical abuse in their first year out of medical school.The findings come from analysis of the responses to a 13-page survey mailed in January 1991 to 1, 733 second-year residents. The survey and analysis appear in the April 15th issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.Overall, out of the 1,277 residents who completed surveys, 1,185 said that they had experienced at least one incident of mistreatment in their intern year. In addition to reporting incidents where they were abused, more than 45% of the residents said they had witnessed at least one incident where other persons had made false medical records. Moreover, nearly three quarters of the residents said they had witnessed mistreatment of patients by other residents, attending physicians, or nurses. Almost 40% said patient mistreatment was a frequent event.More than 10% of the residents said they were not allowed to have enough sleep, and the average number of hours without _ sleep was 37.6. The average on-call hours during a _ typical week was 56.9 hours, but about 25% of the residents said their on-call assignments were more than 80 hours some weeks. Although 30% of the residents said they experienced some type of sexual harassment or discrimination, verbal abuse was the most common problem cited. When abusive incidents were limited to events occurring three or more times, 53% of the respondents reported that they were belittled or humiliated by more senior residents, while just over 21% reported someone taking credit for t heir work. Being “given tasks for punishment,” “being。

2012年职称英语卫生类C级真题——阅读理解

2012年职称英语卫生类C级真题——阅读理解第四部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项第一篇Genetic EngineeringGenetic engineering began when the DNA molecule(分子), the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.Genetic engineering got a legal boost(激励) in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered oil-eating bacterium(细菌). This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.l Human interferon(干扰素)-- a possible solution to somecancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.l Human growth hormone-- for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone(荷尔蒙) was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.。

职称英语阅读理解真题(卫生类C级)

职称英语阅读理解真题（卫生类C级）2012年职称英语阅读理解真题（卫生类C级）第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个选项。

第一篇Calling for Safe CelebrationsLast Fourth of July，Pete，a 14-year-old boy，was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks (烟花)being set off in his neighborhood. Suddenly，the evening took a terrible turn. A bottle rocket shot into his eye，immediately causing him terrible pain His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury，Pete developed glaucoma (青光眼)and cataracts (白内障)。

Today，Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury.June is Fireworks Eye Safety Awareness Month，and through its EyeSmart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology (眼科学)wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals (专业人员)。

2014年职称英语卫生类C级---阅读理解练习及译文

阅读理解(1) Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the poorNanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter. These include things like beauty products1 and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots2 could be used to confirm cases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off3 light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of targeted molecule. 4Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health5 talked about how nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.6Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa are currently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared to larger particles7. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.练习：1. Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. To make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing.B. To produce better and lighter building materials.C. To help more accurately diagnose diseases.D. To help more effectively treat diseases.2. How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?A. By traditionally looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.B. By letting a person take some kind of medicine.C. By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.D. By subjecting a person to an X-ray examination.3. How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?A. By making a drug target the focus of a disease.B. By changing the structure of the body cells.C. By lowering the side effects caused by a drug.D. By letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.阅读理解文章及练习(2) Medical Journals医学杂志Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing. many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature. Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medicaljournals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue. Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.1.The main readers of medical journals areA. the general public.B. health professionals.C. medical critics.D. news reporters.2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Many medical journals also publish online.B. A few medical journals are general medical journals.C. Most medical journals publish only online.D. Most medical journals are specialty journals.3.How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?A. Five.B. Seven.C. Four.D. Six.4.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is calledA. a research article.B. a review article.C. a case report.D. an editorial.5.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments onA. any medical event.B. articles published in the same issue.C. articles published in that journal.D. medical development.阅读理解文章及练习(3) Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor厨房油烟可致癌The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer.They said patients are younger, especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate."An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer, "said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them,l,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only l8 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report.However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about1 irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods."Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook, "said Xu Li, a 45-year-oldlocal woman."I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer.I have already started frying less."Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with he3."Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men, "said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College."It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women."He's research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, 6experts said.练习：1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males.D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females.2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?A Heart disease.B Breast cancer.C Infectious diseases.D Lung cancer.3.What symptoms may be' complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes?A Irritated eyes and throat.B Severe pain in both lungs.C Continuous cough and headache.D Difficulty in breathin9.4.What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?A Happy.B Surprised.C Angry.D Careless5.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer?A Family cancer history.B Unhealthy dietary habits.C Weak immune systems.D Personal health and physical condition.阅读理解文章及练习(4) Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant WomenA recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were bom too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization1 estimates that every year twenty million babies are bom with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are bom in developing countries.The new study took place in Dar es Salaam. 4,200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with2 vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet.The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins.A report by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine,3Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health4 led the study. None of the women in the study had HTV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with5 HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the body’s immunity against infection.The new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies bom to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being bom too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.练习：1.How many babies are bom with low birth weight in the developed countries every year according to WHO?A. 20,000,000.B. 18,000,000.C. 2,000,000.D. 38,000,000.2.A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances EXCEPTA. all vitamins in the B group.B. vitamins C and E.C. much iron and folate.D. antiviral substances.3.Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of multivitamins mentioned in the passage?A. To reduce the rate of babies bom too early.B. To reduce the risk of low birth weight.C. To reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with HTV.D. To increase the number of lymphocytes in mothers’blood.4.What a role do lymphocytes play in the human body?A. To reduce the rate of dying while still a fetus.B. To raise the body’s immunity against infection.C. To help prevent the development of heart disease.D. To help prevent the development of diabetes.5.How many percent of babies were bom with low birth weight to women who were not infected with the AIDS virus and took the multivitamins according to a new study?A. Less than 8%.B. About 9.5%.C. L 5%.D 17.5%.阅读理解文章及练习(5) U. S. Eats Too Much Salt 美国人吃盐过量People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount1 of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, government health experts said on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day2，yet most consume closer to 3,500 mg per day.“It’s important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve their blood pressure,”Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement.“People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake,”Labarthe said.The study in CDC’s weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of threeadults should be consuming no more than 1，500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40一which are considered high-risk groups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005–2006 CDC estimate.Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said.练习：1.Too much salt raises one’s risk forA.high blood pressure.B.heart attacks.C.strokes.D.all of the above.2.How much salt do most American adults eat per day?A.No more than 1,500 mg.B.Closer to 3,500 mg.C.Less than 3,436 mg.D.Closer to 1,500 mg.3.To improve their blood pressure, people should have a dietA.rich in potassium and sodium.B.rich in potassium and calcium.C.rich in calcium arid sodium.D.none of the above.4.The high-risk groups include thoseA.who are black.B.who are over the age of 40.C.who are white and young.D.both A and B.5.Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to beA.cheap.B.tasty.C.rich in salt.D.healthy.阅读理解文章及练习(6) Pushbike Peril 自行车的危险Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure 一or even kill 一children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars. So a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal injuries in children in the past 30 years showed2 that more than a third were caused by bicycle accidents. "The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures,"3 she says.By interviewing the children and their parents，Arbogast and her team were able to4 reconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible for serious injuries. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed，causing them to topple over5. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars through 90 degrees 一but their momentum forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen6.The solution the group came up with is a handgrip fitted with a spring and damping system.The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an impact. The grouphopes to commercialize the device，which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturers were unaware of the problem," says Arbogast.The team has also approached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. A decision is expected later this year.练习：1.According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars becauseA they are not noble enough.B they may kill children.C they are likely to crash.D they make the bike move at a low speed.2.In paragraph 2，the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries A to discuss how abdominal injuries in children occur.B to show that more than a third injuries were caused by bicycle accidents.C to point out what the countermeasures can be.D to tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the project.3.Paragraph 3 mainly discussesA why the children and their parents were interviewed.B when the children turn the handlebars through 90 degrees.C what causes the children to topple over.D how serious injuries occur.4.The passage implies thatA it is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design.B the team of engineers has not found any countermeasures.C children like to ride bicycles at a very low speed.D a lot of children were killed in bicycle accidents in the past 30 years.5. In which of the following ways the handgrip work?A It can be commercialized.B It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents.C It adds a few dollars to the cost of a bike.D It changes the direction of the handlebars in an impact.阅读理解文章及练习(7) Late-night Drinking在深夜饮咖啡Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up”cup of coffee1 late in the day will play havoc with2 your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again.3"It's the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake，，，says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off4一twice as long as usual 一and jigged around5 in bed twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine，the researchers suggest6 that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body，Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.练习：1. The author mentions "pick-me-up" to indicate thatA melatonin levels need to be raised.B neurohormone can wake us up.C coffee is a stimulant.D decaf is a caffeinated coffee.2.Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?A Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.B Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.C Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.D Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.3. What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?A Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.B Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.C The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decaf.D The evidence that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.4. What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove? A There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers' urine sample.B There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers' urine sample.C Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.D Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.5. The author of this passage probably agrees thatA coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee.B we should not drink coffee after supper.C people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 am.D if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately.阅读理解文章及练习(8) Eat Healthy 健康饮食"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate club1!’’Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it's accompanied by an appeal：“Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!2" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites3. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story.4 Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University; told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began (o grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that, "after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.5 They live frompaycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.练习：1. Parents in the United States tend to ask their childrenA to save food.B to wash the dishes.C not to waste food.D not to eat too much.2. Why do American restaurants serve large portions?A Because Americans associate quantity with value.B Because Americans have big bellies.C Because Americans are good eaters.D Because Americans are greedy.3.What happened in the 1970s?A The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.B Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.C The United States produced more grain than needed.D The American waistline started to expand.4.What does the survey indicate?A Many poor Americans want large portions.B Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.C Fifty seven percent Americans earn $150,000 per year.D Twenty three percent Americans earn less than $25,000 per year.5.Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?A They work long hours.B They live from paycheck to paycheck.C They don't want to be healthy eaters.D They want to save money for their children.阅读理解文章及练习(9) U. S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in JanuaryA study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.Officials from the U.S. government’s National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.“We anticipate that in the long term1，what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation’s health care costs,”Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up2 pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth3, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.练习：1.The aim of the study is to find new ways toA. conduct research.B. track public health.C. prevent or treat illness.D. speed up development.2.Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPTA. genetic samples from people in the study.B. biological samples from people in the study.C. samples from the homes of the women and their babies.D. samples of air and water from hospitals.3.It is expected that through the study the nation’s health care costsA. will be lowered in the long run.B. will be significantly increased.C. will be more than $200 million.D. will reach $3.2 billion.4.The babies of the participants will be followedA. throughout their lives.B. for more than two decades.C. from birth to 21 months.D. until they get married.5.Which is NOT true of the people in the study?A. They’ll be from various areas.B. They’ll be from all income levels.C. They’ll be from all educational levels.D. They’ll be from all age groups.阅读理解文章及练习(10) Cigars Instead?Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus，and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold1，say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers2 and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article “Cigars ：Health Effects and Trends". The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.“This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase3 in cigar use and the significant public health consequences4 for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute，in a statement."The data are clear 一the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with5 the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases，”he added. “In other words，cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes6 and may be addictive. ”"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is —don't.7 To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks，”warned Klausner.According to a National Cancer Institute press release8，there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events，but "... a significant body of evidence9 clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. ”练习：1.According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a dayA increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.B greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.C increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.D greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.。

职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解卫生类(C级)

职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解卫生类(C级)试题8第二部分：阅读判断16 C 文章第一段虽然提到女性的寿命现在要比一百年前长得多，但并没有提及一百年前女性是否比男性寿命要长一事。

17 B 文章第二段明确介绍了人们现在比过去长寿的原因。

18 A 文章第四段头一句便说一百年前，许多孩子很小便夭折了。

19 A 文章第四段提到，佝偻病与坏血病都是饮食不良引发的。

20 B 文章第五段提到，人们过去之所以站着睡觉是因为房子太小，而非出于喜欢。

21 C 文章第六段只是说，直到20世纪20年代人们才有了冰箱可用，但并没有说明冰箱是谁发明的：22 A 从文章第四以及最后一段不难看出，一百年前，生活对许多孩子来说都是十分不易的。

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子23 F 文章第一段介绍说世界上除了汉语之外，应用最广的就是英语了。

24 B 文章第二段主要讲的是什么是“a speech community”，即“a speech community”的定义。

25 E 文章第三段进而将“the English speech community”分为两组，即以英语为母语的人为一组和以英语为第二语言的人为一组。

26 C 文章第四段主要讲学习第二语言的益处。

27 D 从文章第一段可以得知，说汉语的人比说任何其他语言的人都要多。

28 E 从文章第二段可以得知，“a speech community”的边界与一个国家的边界有可能不同。

29 C 从文章第二段可以得知，居住在不同地区的人们却有可能同属一个“speech community”。

30 A 从文章第二段可以推断，许多人将英语作为第二语言来学。

第四部分：阅读理解31 B 文章第一段只是将美国黑人与美国白人的癌症死亡率进行了比较。

32 D 前三项原因在文章第三段中都被提到了，而早期诊断是有助于降低癌症死亡率的。

33 A 从文章的第六段可以得知，癌症越早发现越有利于治疗。

34 c 文章的第七段提到，大力开展宣传教育有助于消除不平等的社会差异。

职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解完整版全

阅读理解完整版第一篇 Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor Bringing nanotechnology to health care for the poor（卫C）1)Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?2)How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?3)How can nanotechnol0gy be used to make a drug more effective?4)The following developing countries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnologyEXCEPT5）Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano materials mentioned in the passage?1)To produce better and lighter building materials.2)By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.3)By making a drug target the focus of a disease. 4 Iran5 They may behave differently in the body and the environment.第二篇Medical Journals1)The main readers of medical journals are2)Which of the following statements is NOT true?3)How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?4)An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is calledLetters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on1)health professionals.2)Most medical journals publish only online.3)Five.4) a review article.5)articles published in that journal.第三篇（新增）Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor1）What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?2）Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai'?3）What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long termClose contact with cooking oil fumes'?4）What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?5）Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer?1）Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females.2）Lung cancer.3）Irritated eyes and throat.4）Surprised5）Personal health and physical condition.第四篇Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women1)How many babies are born with low birth weight in the developed countries every year according to WHO?2) A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances EXCEPT3)Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of multivitamins mentioned in the passage.94)What a role do lymphocytes play in the human body?How many percent of babies were born with low birth weight to women who were not infected with the AIDS virus and took the multivitamins according to a new study?1)2,000,000.2)antiviral substances.3)To reduce the rate of babies born too early.4)To raise the body's immunity against infection.Less than 8%.第五篇U.S. Eats Too Much Salt1 Too much salt raises one' s risk for2 How much salt do most American adults eat per day?3 To improve their blood pressure, people should have a diet4 The high-risk groups include those5 Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to be1)all of the above.2)Closer to 3,500 mg.3)rich in potassium and calcium.4)both A and B.rich in salt第六篇Pushbike Peril1). According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because2.) In paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries3.) Paragraph 3 mainly discuses4.) The passage implies that5.) In which of the following ways the handgrip work?1) they may kill children.2)to tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the project.3)how serious injuries occur.4) it is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design.5) It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents.第七篇Late-night Drinking1)The author mentions “pick-me-up” to indicate that2)Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?3)What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?4)What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?The author of this passage probably agrees that.1)Coffee is a stimulant.2)Caffeine halves the body’s levels of sleep hormone.3)Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.4)Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.We should not drink coffee after supper.第八篇Attitudes to AIDS Now1)What do activists worry about?2)According to the passage, people's attitude toward the cure of AIDS is3)The Gallup Poll shows that the number of people4)According to the Kaiser Poll, which of the following is NOT correct?The word “message” in the last paragraph means1)People may stop worrying about AIDS.2)realistic.3)who think AIDS is the country's top health killer has fallen.4)More and more people die of AIDS now.5)central idea.第九篇 U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January1)The aim of the study is to find new ways to2)Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT3)It is expected that through the study the nation's health care costs4)The babies of the participants will be followedWhich is NOT true of the people in the study?1)prevent or treat illness.2)samples of air and water from hospitals.3)Will be lowered in the long run.4)for more than two decades.5)They’ll be from all age groups.第十篇Cigars Instead?1)According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day2)In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?3)What is the main idea of the article “Cigars: Health Effects and Trends” ?4)What is the d octors’ advice to those cigar-smokers?In the context of this passage, “secondhand smoke” may mean1)greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.2)Seven.3)When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.4)To give it up completelybeing near cigar smokers when they are smoking.第十一篇 Sleeplessness1)The word “insomnia” means2)How many possible causes of sleeplessness are mentioned in the second paragraph?3)The expression “Second on the list” in the second paragraph means4)Concerning the use of sleeping pills, which of the following statements is true?Which of the following does not fit with sleep hygiene?1)having trouble falling asleep.2)Six.3)the second most important cause of sleeplessness.4)Sleeping pills should be used in a very small amount.Make a rule to go to bed at a specific time every day.第十二篇 Common-cold Sense1)According to the essay, you may have a cold because2)The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is3)Children have more colds because4)When you are having a cold,When one is having a cold, he often has some symptoms EXCEPT1)the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected.2)to keep yourself clean.3)they are not immune to many cold viruses.4)it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time.having a stomachache.第十三篇 Drug Reactions--a Major Cause of Death1)Researchers at the University of Toronto believe that2)The investigators say that3)An American research estimates that the total sum of money spent in treating ADRs each year is as much as4)The Canadian investigators think that5)According to Dr. David Bates, hospitals in America6)ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 years.7) 6. 7% of all hospitalized patients in American experience ADRs each year on average.8)$ 4, 000, 000, 000.9)Are perhaps less than the real amountare not paying enough attention to possibilities of ADR happenings.第十四篇 Dreams1)There are in general two opinions about what we experience in a dream:2)According to this article, we3)In your dreams, you4)This essay tells us thatBased on what is discussed in this writing, an adult may have at most about _______ of the time of his or her sleep dreaming.1)one, dreams put new information into our memories, and two, dreams have real meanings in pictures differentfrom our logical thinking.2)almost always see different “pictures” when we are dreaming.3)seldom feel fear now and joy later.4)people usually dream in an REM sleep. 25%第十五篇Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay1)According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think2)People with a positive emotional style may have all o[ the following characteristics EXCEPT3)Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have?4)How did the researchers test their volunteers?Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected?1)that their illness is not so serious2)selfish3)Warm-blooded.4)By giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.5)Blood test.第十六篇 Sleep1)The question raised in Paragraph 2 is “no mere academic one” .2)According to the passage, the main problem about night work is that3)According to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be4)In the second paragraph, “the third” me ansIn the last sentence of the second paragraph, “another” means1)because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.2)your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.3)to employ people who will always work at night.4)the third week.another routine.B*第十七篇 Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost1)What form of potato is the most nutrient to the human body?2)What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean?3)For what a purpose did the researchers use raw potato starch in their experiment?4)All of the following foods are rich in resistant starch EXCEPTWhat a kind of starch is resistant starch after all?1)Potato salad.2)It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation.3)They wanted to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch.4)vegetablesIt cannot be digested in the small intestine and ferments in the large intestine.*第十八篇（新增）Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics1）How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?2）Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin by3）The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included4）To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect'?5）.According to Deta, among most diabetics the importance of exercise is_______ the importance of watching their diet. 1）By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.2）30 per cent.3）both A and B.4）To the degree where they begin to sweat5）less understood than . *第十九篇 Adaptation of Living Things1)Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may2)In the first paragraph, the word “environments” could best be replaced by3)It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored4)Which of the following is not directly mentioned in the passage?The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to that a living thing may have the ability1)become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.2)surroundings.3)to match its environment.4) A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.to create an environment of its own.*第二十篇 FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce1)“Food-borne diseases” in this essay means those diseases2)Some fruit grower groups believe that most food-borne diseases are caused by3)An FDA official said that putting the guidelines into practice4)Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines because they didn’t think that these guidelinesThe last paragraph suggests that1)which people get by eating fruits which have been polluted2)people involved in distributing fresh produce.3)would not be very expensive.4)would surely be carried out.a good way should be found to encourage foreign growers to follow the FDA guidelines.*第二十一篇 Early or Later Day Care1)Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?2)Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby’s work?3)It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that4)Which of the following stat ements is NOT an argument against Bowlby’s theory?Which of the following best expresses the writer’s attitude towards early day care?1)The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.2)Mothers should not send their children to day care centers until they are three years of older.3)the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies.4)Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.*第二十二篇 Egypt Felled by Famine1)Why does the author mention “pyramid builders”?2)Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilization of ancient Egypt?3)Which of the following statements is true?4)According to Krom, Egypt’s Old Kingdom fellthe word “devastating” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by1)Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization.2)Change of climate.3)The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile.4)immediately after a period of drought.5)“damaging”.*第二十三篇After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman's Suicide1)Which of the following is NOT a symptom of postpartum psychosis?2)It was considered fortunate by Stokes’ mother in the miserable event3) A patient suffering from “baby blues” may present briefly one or more of the following symptoms EXCEPT4)How many bearing women have experiences of after-birth depression?Who induced the most serious consequence among the postpartum depression patients mentioned in the passage?1)Inflamed breast.2)that Stokes had not taken her daughter with her.3)having an intention of suicide.4)About one fifth of them.Judy Kirby of Indianapolis.*第二十四篇（新增） Preventing Child Maltreatment1) The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is factors EXCEPT ___________ according to the passage.2) Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?3) Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT__________________ according to the passage.4) Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused bychild maltreatment?5) The maltreated children often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT______________ according to the passage.1) there is a shortage of the professional data collectors2) 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused.3) diarrhea4) The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when he grows up.5) they often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents*第二十五篇 Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements1)Who is NOT a likely candidate for this year's Nobel Prize in medicine?2)Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?3)Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?4)The word "kicks" in line 6 from the bottom probably meansThe research by Blackburn and Greider helps suggest the role of1)Linda Buck.2)He gave clear instructions on how to select winners.3)The economics prize.4)excitement.telomerase in the growth of cancer cells.*第二十六篇 Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World1)It is estimated that there are _____ people suffering from obesity in the world.2)It seems that the _____ people are least affected by obesity among the developed countries and areas mentioned in thepassage.3)Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity?4)What is the correlation between body weight and heart disease and blood pressure?From the last paragraph we may infer that one of the effective measures suggested by Ludnik to prevent children from being obese would be1)250,000,0002)Japanese3)Diabetes.4)The more body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure he has.to tell them to spend less time watching TV.*第二十七篇New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus1)According to the passage, the attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus2)Which is NOT true about the study?3)What do He’s words “Bear in mind undetectable does not equal absent “mean?4)How do we prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining viruses?Other scientists are looking at experiments that are similar in that they are1)continues to be hopeful.2)16 patients did not go through the whole study.3)AIDS virus can be undetectable in the blood.4)by stopping the drugs to see if the virus comes back.bold.*第二十八篇Diseases of Agricultural PlantsHow many diseases are known to attack wheat?According to this passage, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked?What is the main idea of the second paragraph?According to the passage, some plant diseases can be prevented byWhich of the following statements is not true?1)Around 40.2)Social upheavals.3)Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them.4)Inoculation.Symptoms are always helpful in identifying diseases*第二十九篇Obesity1)What is obesity?2)If we say that “fat is critical for good health,” we mean that3)If a woman is 1.6m tall and weighs 49 kg, she4) A heavy man5)According to this article, fat people may be6)Obesity is being too fat.7)fat is very important for people to keep healthy.8)should not be considered unhealthy.9)may have muscle tissue that weighs more than fat.looked down upon by others第三十篇 Silent and Deadly1)Which of the following is NOT true of mini-strokes?2)To prevent mini-strokes from turning into major strokes, it is important to3)The passage indicates that the symptoms of mini-strokes4)All of the following may be signs of mini-strokes EXCEPT forIt can be inferred from the passage that mini-strokes are1)The cause of them remains unidentified.2)seek prompt medical treatment.3)are frequently hard to recognize.4)severe headache caused by external injury.silent and deadly.第三十一篇 Spacing in Animals1)Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of Flight Distance?2)If an animal’s critical distance is penetrated, it will3)According to the passage, social distance refers to4)Which of the following could best replace the word “band” in “We can think of it as a hidden band that contains thegroup” (in Paragraph 3)?The example of the children holding hands when crossing the street in the last paragraph shows that1)Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing.2)begin to attack.3)psychological distance.4)Strip of landsocial distance is sometimes determined by outside factors.*第三十二篇 Fruit and Vegetable Juices as Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies1）What on earth in both fruits and vegetables and their juices plays the most important role in reducing risk for diseases? 2）The judgment that fruit and vegetable juices are less beneficial to reducing chronic disease development is3）The review of the literature has documented the important role of fruit and vegetable juices in reducing the risk of various disease, _________ in particular.4）A large epidemiological study also found that using various 100% fruit and vegetable juices contributed to a reduced risk for_________.5）People who drink 3--4 servings of fruit and vegetable juices weekly may __________ risk of developing Alzheimer's disease ________ those who drink only once a week.1)Fiber and antioxidant.2)incorrect3)cancer and cardiovascular disease4)Alzheimer's disease5)have three quarters lower, than*第三十三篇In-line Skating and Injuries1）How many people took part in in-line skating in the US in 1995?2）Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the most common reason for injuries?3）What are the things experts might NOT advise youngsters to wear?4）“Truck-surfing” means5）According to the last paragraph, bumping with a motor vehicle took up of the deaths reported since 1992.1)Fewer than 17. 7 million.2)Skating with wrist and elbow wounds.3)Boots and thick clothes.4)skating while holding onto a moving truck.over 80%。

职称英语卫生C类精选阅读理解

职称英语卫生C类精选阅读理解They Say Ireland’s the BestIreland is the best place in the world to live for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared inBritain’s Economist magazine last week.The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being.The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, gender equality as well as what the magazine calls "freedom, family and community life".Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion (拥挤), gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest (最差的), picking up only 3.89 points."Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued," the report said, "some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown (崩溃) in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.""Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation ofcertain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life."The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do，and that its findings would have their critics.No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations inthe top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain.The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recordedin official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP (人均国内生产总值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.For 2,005.1 Years, Ireland has been the best place for humans tolive in.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 Job security is the least important measure of life quality.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 Costs Of Living in Ireland is pretty high.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 To measure life quality is easy.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B。

2023年职称英语卫生C阅读理解试题及答案

2023年职称英语卫生C阅读理解试题及答案2023年职称英语卫生C阅读理解试题及答案聪慧的'秘诀在于勤奋好学，博学的秘诀在于博览群书，巧学的秘诀在于举一反三，胜利的秘诀在于推陈出新。

以下是我为大家搜寻整理的2023年职称英语卫生C阅读理解试题及答案，期望对正在关注的您有所帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请依据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第三篇College Night Owls Have Lower GradesCollege students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls (晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers.They had 824 undergraduate(高校本科生的) students complete a health survey that included questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning people had higher grade point averages (GPAs) than those who are night people.The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep,study co-author Daniel J. Taylor said in a prepared statement.Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academicperformance by using chronotherapy (时间疗法) to help students retrain their biological clock to become more morning types, Taylor said.The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP, the annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies, in Baltimore.In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting, University of Coloradoresearchers found a significant association .between insomnia (失眠) and a decline in college students academic performance.The study included 64 psychology, nursing and medical students, average age 27.4 years, who were divided into two groups - low GPAs and high GPAs.Among those with low GPAs, 69.7 percent had trouble falling asleep, 53.1 percentexperienced leg kicks or twitches (痉挛) at night, 65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep, and 72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.In college students, the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom, study author Dr James F. Pagel said in a prepared statement. This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a students academic performance, including GPAs.41 In the first study, students who stay up lateA had lower GPAsB had higher GPAs.C performed equally well in their studies.D had little difficulty concentrating during the day42 Mr. Taylor believed that the finding of their study would soonA be criticized by psychology students.B be confirmed by psychological studies.C be included in undergraduate psychology texts.D become the most popular psychology text.43 The passage indicates that chronotherapy can be used to help people toA forget their troubles.B improve their image.C better their social relationships.D readjust their biological clock.44 In the second study, students with low GPAs did NOT complain ofA having trouble falling asleep.B waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep.C having difficulty concentrating during the day.D being kicked in the leg at night.45 According to Dr Pagel, the academic performance of a student will be affectedA if he or she is not motivated.B if he or she is troubled by disordered sleep.C if he or she is a morning type.D if he or she is a lazy person.参考答案：41 A 42 C 43 D 44 D 45 B文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。

职称英语考试卫生C阅读试题2023

职称英语考试卫生C阅读试题2023更多精彩内容请及时____应届毕业生考试网!阅读理解：第一篇：The Bilingual BrainWhen Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager, he had a hard time learning English. Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language. As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York. their work led to an important discovery. They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language.The researchers used an instrument called an MRI ( magic resonance imaging) scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people. One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children..The other consisted of people who, like Kim,learned their second language later in life. People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner. This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active. They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before, first in one language and then the other. They couldn't speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning.Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain - Broca's area, which is believed to control speech production, and Wernicke's area, which is thought to process meaning. Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. But their use of Broca's area was different.People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both their first and second languages. People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language. How does Hirsch explain this difference? Hirsch believes thatwhen language is first being programmed in young children, their brains may mix the sounds andstructures of all languages in the same area. Oncethat programming is plete, the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain.A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults. Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch, sound, and sight. And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.31 Kart kim’s study showed thatA people learn English and Korean in different waysB Children and adults use the different parts of the brain to learn a second languageC it is not possible for an adult to speak a second language fluentlyD people’s brain will not change when they are learn second language32 How did Kim and Hirsch study the brain of two groups of blingual peopleA They interview them in English and KoreanB they ask them to say the same languageC They used an MRI scanner to observe their brainD They ask them to talk about what had they done before33 Which aspect of the two language centers in the brain does paragragh 3 discuss?A impactB functionC locationD size34 Kim and Hirsch find that childrenA Use the same region in Broca’s area to learn their first and second language.B Learn a second language slowei than aults.C are better at acquiring the brain to program the structures of their first languageD use special parts of the brain to program the structures of their first language35 It can be inferred from the last paragraghA Students do better in high school than incollegeB Bilingual children will learn better in collegeC mothers are good language teachersD it take more time for adults to learn a second language第二篇：Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of testfor mental ability do well on other tests. They dowell on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with high intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children ar e different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he thinks that the human mind has different intelligences. These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us hasdifferent abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For exle, when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic (身体动觉的), and naturalistic.36. What is the main idea of this passage?A. How to understand intelligence.B. The importance of intelligence.C. The development of intelligence tests.D. How to bee intelligent.37. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.38. Gardner believes thatA. children have different intelligencesB. all children are alike.C. children should take one intelligence test.D. there is no general intelligence.39. According to Gardner, schools shouldA. promote development of all intelligences.B. test students’ IQs.C. train students who do poorly on tests.D. focus on finding the most intelligent students.40. Gardner thinks that his theory has aA. musical foundation.B. intrapersonal foundation.C. linguistic foundation.D. biological foundation.第三篇：Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You SleepThe United States Food and Drug Administration has ordered panies to place strong new warnings onthirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eatingand even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a. sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island3, crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the 'middleof the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said hehad earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that could cause sleepiness.The Food and Drug Administration did not say inits announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it had documented. However, the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.A Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But, he also says there are probably more cases than are reported.3 He says the agency believes the risk of. such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug panies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.41. The FDA announced thatA. thirteen drug panies were closed last Wednesday.B. only thirteen drugs could treat sleeping disorders.C. some sleep drugs could lead to serious side effects.D. some makes of sleeping pills provides false information to their patients.42. The FDA warned that some sleeping pillsA. can help people to learn to cookB. prevent people from driving while asleepC. present life-threatening risk to patientsD. have severe effect on a patient’s long-term memory43. What happened to Painck Kennedy last year?A. He crashed his car into a security barnerB. He was killed furing a car accidentC. His car broke down on the way homeD. He was treated for stomachache44. After taking the drug Ambien, some peopleA. are unable to dirveB. don’t know how to cookC. suffer from eating problemsD. fall asleep while walking45. The risk of strange behaviors resulting from taking sleeping pills could be reduced itA. the FDA takes more strict regulationsB. drug panies listen to patients’ adviceC. the New York Times releases more reportsD. people don’t drink alcohol while taking these pills。

职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解资料(4)

职称英语考试/备考辅导2016年职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解资料(4)A Gay BiologistMolecular biologist Dean Hammer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and pointshis skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly, matter-of-factly gay.What is it that makes Hammer who he is? What, for that matter, accounts for the talents andtraits that make up anyone’s personality? Hammeris not content merely to ask such questions; he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Hammer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality. To a remarkable extent, his work on what might be called the gay, thrill-seeking andquit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions.That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Hammer’s creative new book, Living with Our Genes. “you have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality.” Hamer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, “as you do in the shape of your nose or the size of your feet.”Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes on studies of identical twins. For example, psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demonstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hamer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on specific strips of DNA thatappear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation.Hamer switched to behavioral genetics from basic research, after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hamer suddenly realized he had learned as much about the protein as he cared to. “Frankly, I was bored, “he remembers, “and ready for something new.”Homosexual behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject. “I’m gay,” Hamer says with a shrug, “but that was not a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosity―and the fact that no one else was doing this sort of research”同性恋生物学家分子生物学家帝恩?哈默长着一双蓝眼睛，一头浅棕色的头发，并且很有幽默感。

2021年职称英语考试卫生类C级阅读理解及答案4

2021年职称英语考试卫生类C级阅读理解及答案4The Cherokee NationLong before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in What is now the southeastern part of the United States.After the white man came, the Cherokees copied many of their ways. One Cherokee named Sequoyah saw how important reading and writing was to the white man. He decided to invent a way to write down the spoken Cherokee language. He began by making word pictures. For each word he drew a picture. But that proved impossible-there were just too many words. Then he took the 85 sounds that made up the language. Using this own imagination and an English spelling book, Sequoyah invented a sign for each sound. His alphabet proved amazingly easy to learn. Before long, many Cherokees knew how to read and write in their own language. By 1828, they were even printing their own newspaper.In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands. The Cherokeesrefused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries. It belonged to them. Why should they go to a strange land far beyond the Mississippi River?The army was sent to drive the Cherokees out. Soldiers surrounded their villages and marched them at gunpoint into the western territory. The sick, the old and the small children went in carts, along with their belongings. The rest of the people marched on foot or rode on horseback. It was November, yet many of them still wore their summer clothes. Cold and hungry, the Cherokees were quickly exhausted by the hardships of the journey. Many dropped dead and were buried by the roadside. When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died. It was indeeda march of death.1. The Cherokee Nation used to live______A) on the American continent.B) In the southeastern part of the US.C) Beyond the Mississippi River.D) In the western territory.2. one of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of______A) writing down the spoken language.B) Making word pictures.C) Teaching his people reading.D) Printing their own newspaper.3. A law was passed in 1830 to ______A) allow the Cherokees to stay where they were.B) Send the army to help the Cherokees.C) Force the Cherokees to move westward.D) Forbid the Cherokees to read their newspaper.4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands.______A) they went in carts.B) They went on horseback.C) They marched on foot.D) All of the above.5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because______A) they were not willing to go there.B) The government did not provide transportationC) They did not have enough food and clothes.D) The journey was long and boring.KEY: BACDC。

2019职称英语等级卫生C类精选阅读题四

2019职称英语等级卫生C类精选阅读题四TV Games ShowsOne of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the best sellers list with a sale of fewer than 100,000copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well known overnight.This is the principle behind quiz or game shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for the prize and money.A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars just for fun. But all of this money can create problems. For instance, in the 1950s, quiz shows were very popular in the U.S. and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned outthat the show's producers, who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. Based on his story, a movie under the title Quiz Show is on 40 years later.Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliating them. Theentertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV.People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.1. The huge scandal of cheating in TV games shows was not exposed until 40 years later in the movie Quiz Show.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. the principle behind quiz or game shows is to put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Nowadays game shows are not treated as seriously as they used to be.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. Winners of present-day TV shows no longer get money from the shows.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. Prizes and money are usually provided by TV stars and large companies for winners.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. One of the TV personalities, Charles Van Doren was proved to be cheating by persuading the Show's producers to give him the answers beforehand.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned。

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