2013年职称英语理工A、B、C新增文章
2013年职称英语真题及答案（综合类A级）
⽆忧考为⼤家整理了2013年职称英语综真题及答案（综合类A级），仅供参考！！第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下⾯每个句⼦中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.A. inflexibleB. generalC. complexD. direct 2. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB. passed byC. carried awayD. become extinct 3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A. shortenB. endC. startD. resume 4. Three world-class tennis players came to content for this title.A. argueB. claimC. wishD. compete 5. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A. simpleB. reliableC. effectiveD. alternative 6. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A. moralB. regularC. fundamentalD. hard 7. The drinking water has became contaminated with lead.A. pollutedB. treatedC. testedD. corrupted 8. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A. shutB. setC. breakD. beat 9. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A. wipedB. injectedC. producedD. removed 10. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A. existenceB. importanceC. causeD. situation 11. The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years.A. unknownB. unusualC. undamagedD. unstable 12. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A. doubtfulB. untouchedC. certainD. silent 13. The proposal was endorsed the majority of members.A. rejectedB. submittedC. consideredD. approved 14. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A. sendB. spreadC. hearD. confirm 15. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private 参考答案：A、D、B、D、A、C、A、C、C、B、C、A、D、B、B第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分 下⾯的短⽂后列出了7个句⼦，请根据短⽂的内容对每个句⼦做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息⽂中没有提及，请选择C。
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类B级试题参考答案
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（B级）试题参考答案1D2C3A4B5C6D7C8B9A10C11B12D13A14C15C16C17B18A19B20C21B22A23F24A25C26B27C28E29A30B31B32D33C34B35D36B37C38D39D40B41B42A43C44B45A46D47F48A49B50C51C52B53D54A55A56B57D58A59C60B61B62D63A64C65A 2013年全国职称英语等级考试综合类（B级）试题题解第1部分：词汇选项1D come、across是固定搭配，意思是“偶遇，碰巧发现”，因此选择D选项。
pass by“路过”，take a notice of“注意到”，wake up“醒来”。
2C incredible意为“难以置信的”，与unbelievable同义。
obvious“明显的”，unclear“不明的”。
3A tempt“吸引，诱惑”，此处为被动态，句子意思为：他被这家公司开出的高额薪水吸引了。
A选项符合句义。
4B aggressive意为“好斗的，富于攻击性的”，与offensive相近，如：Men tend to be more aggressive than women.男性往往比女性更具有攻击性。
Knives of any sort are classed as offensive weapons.任何刀具都属于攻击性武器。
worried“担心的”，sleepy“困倦的”，anxious“焦急的”。
5C as regards是固定搭配，意思是“关于”，如：There is no problem as regards the financial arrangements.资金筹备方面毫无问题。
6D migrate的意思是“迁徙”，travel除了常见的“旅行”意思外，还有“行进”的意思，如：Supersonicplanes can travel faster than the speed of sound.超音速飞机的速度比音速快。
2012年职称英语理工类阅读理解新增文章(含练习解析及译文)
2012年职称英语理工类新增文章阅读理解（6篇）第六篇Making Light of1 Sleep第十九篇Graphene's Superstrength1*第三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四＋五篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers" 注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章2、阅读理解3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化阅读理解第六篇Making Light of1 SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock，your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control whenyou wake，when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. Theclock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6when they don't get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resetsitself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensingsystems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.词汇：circadian/s3:'keidiən/ adj. 昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的adolescent/ædəu'lesənt/ n．青少年；adj．青少年的puberty/ 'pju:bəti/ n．发育；青春期sync/siŋk/ n. （口语）同步；和谐，协调synchronize/'siŋkrənaiz / V.（使）同时发生；（使）同步注释：1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。
2013年职称英语卫生类B新增文章篇目
2013年职称英语卫生类B新增文章篇目*第二十九篇“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, an European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus, when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal cancer. “Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced too smoking or drinking by study volunteers,” Dal Maso says. The discouraging news his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn’t eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk the high-intake, with-meals-only group was only triple that in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals.“Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer.” Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue’s lower exposure to alcohol.1. Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with peopleA. who drink alcohol outside of meals.B. who drink alcohol at meals.C. who never drink alcohol.D. who drink alcohol at bars and pubs.2. Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?A. It has a lower risk of cancer than drinking without food.B. It may also be a cause of cancer.C. It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.D. It does not eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.3. Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?A. 3 drinks .B. 8 drinks.C. 20 drinksD. 50 drinks.4. Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage?A. Oral cancerB. Laryngeal cancerC. Pharyngeal cancerD. Esophageal cancer5. According to the last paragraph, tissue's lower exposure to alcoholA. explains why inflammation triggers cancer.B. accounts for why food can coat digestive-tract tissues.C. is the reason why food can scrub alcohol off tissues.D. reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.答案与题解.1. A文章第一个句子就是答案。
2013年职称英语(理工类)B级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年职称英语（理工类）B级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1．Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A．sendB．hearC．confirmD．spread正确答案：D解析：句意为：关于他的财政问题的谣言开始散布开来。
circulate“传播，流传”，四个选项：send“发送”；hear“听见”；confirm“确定，批准”；spread “散布，传播”。
2．The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A．shortenB．endC．startD．resume正确答案：B解析：句意为：两家公司间的合约即将期满。
expire”期满，终止”，四个选项：shorten“缩短”；end“结束”；start“开始”；resume“恢复，继续”。
3．Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A．shutB．breakC．setD．beat正确答案：B解析：句意为：出来，否则我就要破门而入了。
bust“弄坏，打破，爆裂”，四个选项：shut“关闭”；break“打破，毁坏”；set“放，竖立”；beat“打，敲”。
4．She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A．offensiveB．worriedC．sleepyD．anxious正确答案：A解析：句意为：当她喝醉之后，就变得具有攻击性。
aggressive“侵略的，好斗的”，四个选项：offensive“攻击性的”；worried“担心的，闷闷不乐的”；sleepy“昏昏欲睡的”；anxious“忧虑的，渴望的”。
2013年职称英语考试真题综合类ABC三个等级的真题(完整版含答案).
学派网2013年职称英语真题综合(A第1部分:词汇选项(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A. sendB. hearC. confirmD. spread2. Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.A. competeB. argueC. claimD. wish3. The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.A. treatedB. pollutedC. testedD. corrupted4. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A. doubtfulB. untouchedC. certainD. silent5. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A. fundamentalB. moralC. regularD. hard6. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A. existenceB. importanceC. causeD. situation7. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A. wipedB. producedC. injectedD. removed8. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A. shortenB. endC. startD. resume9. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.A. generalB. complexC. inflexibleD. direct10. The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.A. undamagedB. unknownC. unusualD. unstable11. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A. reliableB. effectiveC. alternativeD. simple12. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private13. The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.A. rejectedB. submittedC. approvedD. considered14. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A. shutB. breakC. setD. beat15. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB. passed byC. carried awayD. become extinct第2部分:阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分Mau Piailug, Ocean NavigatorMau sailed from Hawaii to Tahiti using traditional methodsIn early 1976, a fisherman, led an expedition in which he sailed a traditional Polynesian boat across 2,500 miles of ocean from Hawaii to Tahiti. The Polynesian V oyaging Society had organized the expedition. Its purpose was to find out if seafarers (海员in the distant past could have found their way from one island to the other without navigational instruments, or whether the islands had been populated by accident. At the time, Mau was the only man alive who knew how to navigate just by observing the stars, the wind and the sea.He had never before sailed to Tahiti, which was a long way to the south. However, he understood how the wind and the sea behave around islands, so he was confident he could find his way. The voyage took him and his crew a month to complete and he did itHis grandfather began the task of teaching him how to navigate when he was still a baby. He showed him pools of water on the beach to teach him how the behaviour of the waves and wind changed in different places. Later, Mau used a circle of stones to memorize the positions of the stars. Each stone was laid out in the sand to represent a star.The voyage proved that Hawaii's first inhabitants came in small boats and navigated by reading the sea and the stars. Mau himself became a keen teacher, passing on his traditional secrets to people of other cultures so that his knowledge would not be lost. He explained the position of the stars to his students, but heallowed them to write things down because he knew they would never be able to remember everything as he had done.16. At the time of his voyage, Mau had unique navigational skills.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Mau was familiar with the sea around Tahiti.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Mau could not afford a compass or charts.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Mau learnt navigation skills from his grandfather.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Mau used stones to memories where the stars were situated in the sky.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The first inhabitants of Hawaii could read and write.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Mau expected his students to remember the positions of the stars immediately.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题,每题1分,共8分下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题;(2第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
职称英语理工新增文章翻译
第六篇不要太在意睡眠我们每个人的大脑里都有一个像我们床边的闹钟一样的生物钟。
人脑里的生物钟24小时走一圈，这一圈也就是一次完整的昼夜节律，正是这个节律决定了我们吃饭、睡觉和起床的时间。
青春期时，人的生物钟在定时方面会发生变化，生物钟会提前。
这时，青少年会比以前睡得晚，所以当你妈妈告诉你该睡觉时，你的生物钟可能会让你多推迟几小时，并且电脑或电视光线可能会导致你熬夜到更晚。
生物钟的这种变化对青少年说是正常的，但熬夜到太晚会打乱你生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡，这样就会带来一些问题，例如：早晨很难按时起床。
位于美国罗得州布郎大学睡眠方面的研究员Mary Carskadon说：“当青少年睡眠不足时会打不起精神，这将影响到他们心情、学习和思考问题的状态。
”其实生物钟与闹钟一样，也是可调的，事实上，生物钟每天都在进行着自我调节，其方式就是通过你眼睛接收到光线的变化。
很早之前，科学家就知道了昼夜光线强弱的变化对生物钟调节起到了重要的作用，长久以来，研究者们认为眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统。
但最近几年的研究发现，人类眼睛有两个感光系统，一个是视觉系统，而另一个是感知昼夜的系统。
第十九篇石墨烯的超强力量当今重大科学技术均以“微型”来呈现，新手机和个人电脑每年都在变得更小，这就意味着电子设备要求内部零件更小，工程师们正在寻求制造这些零件的方法，他们逐渐把目光投向了石墨烯——一种由碳元素构成的超薄材料。
这种材料将改变电子设备的未来。
今年的诺贝尔物理学奖颁发给了来自英国曼切斯特大学的Andre Geim和Kostya Novoselov，以表彰他们对石墨烯的发现。
Novoselov说：“石墨烯不仅小，而且它是世界上所能找到的最薄材料。
”他把它称作“神奇材料”。
石墨烯极薄，25 000片石墨烯叠放在一起才与一张普通白纸一样厚。
如果把一片石墨烯放在手指上，你根本就不会发现，因为你没办法看到它。
碳是宇宙中最多的一种元素，已知的生命体中都含有碳。
职称英语新增文章_必背
综合类新增的文章：Part4阅读理解的文章：更新二篇C级2篇、B级和A级没有更新文章C级第三篇Shark Attack!（鲨鱼的攻击）第五篇The Travels of lbn Battuta伊本。
白图泰游记B级和A级均无新增文章2013年职称英语新增文章《第三篇Shark Attack!》译文及解析Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard,scanning the distance for his next wave，when his board suddenly stopped moving.He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board.“I could have touched its eye with my elbow,”says Craig.The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn't heard a thing. In his horror and confusion，he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth.He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then,with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers，the five-meter-long shark simply swam away,disappearing into the water below.Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can,this is factually inaccurate.Sharks very rarely kill humans.A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark.Only74people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century.But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh2,200 kilograms or more.With frightening jaws that can hold up to3,000teeth arranged in several rows，they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water.Why is it,then,that most people survive attacks by great whites?Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.The most common explanation is that great whites don't see well.It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet.There is reason to doubt this，however.Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well.Also，when attacking seals,great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force.When approaching humans,however,they most often move in slowly and bite less hard.They soon discover that humans are not a high—fat meal.“They spit us out because we're too bony,”says Aidan Martin，director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things.It's possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat,but also to gather information.Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers,when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people，they are likely just trying to learn what they are.词汇：scan vt审视，细看,浏览elbow n.肘，肘部surface n,表面，外表；vi.浮出水面，浮现drown vi.淹死，溺死注释：1....cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth.被鲨鱼咬掉了两个指头。
2013职称英语阅读理解原文翻译汇总
When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach 我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界；还受大脑活动的影响。
一项新研究发现：比起那些刚刚用过餐的人，饥饿的人能更清晰地看到与食品有关的词。
数十年以来，心理学家已经知道我们的心理活动直接影响到我们的视觉。
例如，贫穷的孩子看到的硬币比实际的要大；饥饿的人看到的食物图片更明亮。
法国的尼斯•索菲亚•安提波利斯大学试图调查这一现象：发生这种情况的时间是在大脑从眼睛接收到视觉信号的即时还是稍后些，这时高级思维活动已经介入了。
雷戴尔招募了健康指数正常的42 位学生作为被试者。
在测试的当天，每个学生被告知在中午到达实验室，这时距上一次的用餐时间有3〜4 个小时。
等他们到达实验室时，他们被告知实验时间有延迟。
一半学生被告知十分钟后再回来;其余的给 1 个小时的时间先吃午饭。
所以一半学生饿着肚子，另一半学生饱腹参加了此次实验。
实验的步骤如下：要求被试者看电脑屏幕。
屏幕上的80 个字以1/300 秒的频率闪动。
由于字体非常之小，被试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。
1/4 的字是与食物有关的。
每闪动一个字，被试者回答字体的亮度并选择看到的是哪类词：一类是和食物有关的词，比如“蛋糕”；一类是中性词，比如“船”。
由于每个词的闪动在瞬间完成，被试者根本看不清楚那个词是什么。
饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词更明亮，且能更好地辨认出与食物有关的词。
由于每个词的闪动太快，其实那些被试者根本不会确切地看到什么，这就说明：他们只是感觉不同，根本没经过思考。
雷戴尔给出了这样的解释。
雷戴尔说：“这就是重点所在。
人类可以真正感知到自身的需要或者为之奋斗的目标。
该实验使我了解这样的事实，即我们的大脑是受我们的动机和需要所支配的。
”Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience音乐机器人伴侣提升音乐欣赏体验Shimi 是由佐治亚理工大学音乐技术中心研发的一款音乐伴侣。
2012职称英语阅读理解文章译文参加综合A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章
芭芭拉?罗尔斯是宾夕法尼亚州立大学的一位营养学教授。在接受《今日美国》采访时她说道：“从20世纪70年代起，美国的餐馆就开始提供越来越大份的食物；也就是从这个时候起，美国人的腰围也变得越来越粗了。”
第四篇 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福 6
Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 7
第五篇 中日敌意减少 7
Sino—Japan Animosity Lessens 8
第六篇 看电视与长途汽车旅行 9
TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 10
第七篇 现代日光浴者 10
Modern Sun Worshippers 11
第八篇 当代婚姻 11
The State of Marriage Today 12
第九篇 单亲幼儿最出色 12
Single-parent Kids Do Best 13
第十篇 纽约——各国移民的大熔炉 13
New York—The Melting Pot 14
第二十三篇 只好向上 27
The Only Way Is Up 28
第二十四篇 克隆农场 29
Clone Farm 29
第二十五篇 收入 30
Income 30
第二十六篇 天气预报的方法 31
Forecasting Methods 32
第二十七篇 服务业的重要性 33
Importance of Services 33
第三十八篇 对年轻人的过高期望 47
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-21
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-211、BudgetA budget is a spending plan. It can help you spend money wisely. It can do this by cutting out wasteful spending. Of course, preparing a budget takes planning, and following a budget takes will power. Your budget should meet your family's needs and income.The first step in creating a budget is to set your goals. What does your family need and wants. You must know this to work out the details of the budget. Keep goals realistic, in terms of income available. Then decide which goals are the most important.The next step is estimating family income. Before you can plan wisely, you need to know how much money you have to spend! Write down all the money you expect to receive (wages, savings, interest, etc.) during the planned budget period.After you have calculated how much money will be available, itis time to estimate expenses. List all of your family expenses.If you are not satisfied with what you got for your money, look carefully at your spending. Studying your records will show where overspending has occurred. It will also point out poor buying habits.It is also a good idea to set aside a small amount of money for emergencies. Every family has small emergencies: a blown tire, a broken device, or the need for minor medical care.The writer suggests that it is a good idea to set aside some money because____.【单选题】A.you probably will not be able to follow your budgetB.people usually spend more than they plan to doC.things can happen unexpectedlyD.others may want to borrow some money from you正确答案:C答案解析:从原文最后的“It is also a good idea to set aside a small amount of money for emergencies. Every family has small emergencies”可以知道，每个家庭都会有一些意外情况发生，所以有必要准备一小笔资金作为备用金。
职称英语理工类A级--阅读判断
2013年职称英语考试理工类A级阅读判断练习Inhalable Water DropletsYou think that the biggest threat to your health when taking a shower comes from slipping on a bar of soap? Well, guess again.Preliminary studies by engineers at the University of Cincinnati and the Oak Ridge Institute for science and education, also in Cincinnati, indicate that some water-saving shower nozzles produce water droplets so small they can be inhaled, exposing anyone using the shower to several different health hazards.Using a device called an optical particle counter the researchers tested a number of shower nozzles, both of adjustable and fix-spray styles. They found that some products create droplets less than 10 microns in diameter-small enough to be inhaled. That\'s problem, the researchers theories, because the water may contain trace of chemicals used by treatment facilities to kill microbes and bacteria in the water. These organic compounds are relatively safe to take in by drinking, but may not be safe to inhale.Another threat may be possible as well. Previous research has shown that the droplets can contain microbes that live inside the warm, wet interior of shower nozzles. When the faucet is turn on, these microbes are swept out through the nozzles. If these droplets are inhaled, the microbes could pose a threat to people who are with asthma and other respiratory problems.All of this doesn't mean you should skip your morning shower just yet. More research is needed, cautious oak ridge institute scientist Veranda Sethi says, before anyone can determine just how serious — or insignificant — these health risks may be. Moreover, not all water-conserving nozzles produce inhalable droplets. "It all depends on the design of the nozzle," says Sethi. Right now there is no way for consumers to know which nozzle produce these tiny drops. "We are working to develop specifications for shower head designs that would not generate droplets in the inhalable size range," he adds.1.The first paragraph is a question to which the author hopes to have a positive answer from thereader.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2.Shower nozzles shower nozzles that produce water droplets, big and small, can expose anyoneusing the shower to health problems.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3.The chemicals contained in water kill bacteria to make it safe for drinking.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4. The problem that inhalable water droplets produce is that they may expose people with respiratory problems to health hazards.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5. The adjustable type of nozzles are less dangerous than the fixed one.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. People with asthma and other respiratory problems should avoid taking showers.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7. To overcome the problem caused by inhalable water droplets, Sethi, perhaps with some other researchers, is drawing up standards for safe shower head designs.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案;BBAABCARiches and Romance From France’s Wine HarvestSeptember is harvest time．And with bunches of grapes swinging(摇摆)in the wind，the vineyards of southern France are getting ready to celebrate it．The yearly wine festival is held in honor of Bacchus，the Roman god of wine．It's a fun time with parties，music，dancing，big meals and，of course，lots of wine．French wine-making began more than 2,500 years ago．The world’s oldest type of vine grows in France and always produces a good quality wine．Today France produces one-fifth of the world’s wine，and some of the most famous varieties．The top wine-producing areas are Bordeaux，Burgundy and the Loire Valley．Champagne，a drink used in celebrations，is named after the place where sparkling(有汽泡的)wine was first produced in 1700．Wine is made from the juice of freshly picked grapes．It is the sugars that turn into alcohol．Traditionally，people used to take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice．Nowadays，this practice is usually carried out by machines．Each wine producing region has its own character，based on its type of grapes and soil．The taste of wine changes with time．Until 1850，all French champagne was sweet．Now，both wine and champagne taste slightly bitter．The drink has always been linked with riches，romance and nobleness．Yet the French think of it in more ordinary terms．They believe it makes daily living easier, less hurried and with fewer problems．“All its links are with times when people are at their best；with relaxation，happiness，long slow meals and the free flow of ideas, ” wrote wine expert Hugh Johnson．1 All French people celebrate the grape harvest every September．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 In the yearly wine festival，people always enjoy themselves．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 Wine—making in France has a history of over 2,500 years．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Many varieties of wine produced in France are named after places．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Different regions in France produce different types of wine．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 French wine will taste sour(酸的)in future．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 The French people believe that drinking wine is a good way to relax．A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案：BAACACAThanksgiving with the WatsonsPeople came to America from every country in the world and brought the traditions of their ancestors with them. Thus，most American traditions are not really American. But Thanksgiving （感恩节）is different because it started in America. So it is a truly American tradition.Life provides many good and bad things. Every year，in November，Thanksgiving Day reminds us of the good things in life，and people are thankful. On this day people usually eat turkey and great quantities of other foods. Jesse has decided to spend Thanksgiving with David and Elizabeth Watson because he likes them，and because he cannot go to his parents' home in Chicago.Elizabeth's nickname （昵称）is Betty，and people usually call her that. She is the secretary of Jesse's boss. Jesse got to know the Watsons two years ago and he and Dave have become good friends. Sometimes they go fishing or to a ball game together.The Watsons live in a small apartment in a suburb of New York City. The offices where Betty works are in downtown New York，and she has to take a bus and two subway trains to go to work every day. It takes her about one hour to get there. She finds the trip boring and tiring. She wants to stay home in order to take care of the family and enjoy the children. The Watsons have three children. Their daughter Sue is in the fourth grade and their son Paul is in the second grade. They also have a two-year-old daughter，Ann.The children like Jesse；he is their hero. He tells them stories about foreign countries，about Africa and China，about the Pacific and Japan；he has never even seen most of these countries. He knows about fast cars and new inventions. The Watson children think that Jesse is full of adventures；he is fascinating to them. Frequently he takes them to the park and joins them in their games.Today Jesse brought Sue a record of her favorite music，because she has a new record player. He also brought Paul a toy truck and Ann a plastic （塑料）book with bright pictures，and Betty a bunch of flowers. Betty cooked a nice turkey，and they all ate too much. After dinner the children wanted to go out to the park with Jesse. But they had to stay home，because it was raining. Later，Dave and Jesse sat down in front of the TV to watch a football game.1 Thanksgiving is not a truly American traditionA RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 Thanksgiving Day falls on the 4th Thursday in November.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 The turkey is a most popular food on Thanksgiving DayA RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Jesse and his boss are good friends.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Elizabeth enjoys going to work in downtown New YorkA RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 The children like Jesse because he once traveled around the worldA RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 Jesse had a good time in his friends' homeA RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】1. B2. C3. A4. C5. B6. B7.BA Pay Rise or Not？"Unless I get a rise，I'll have a talk with the boss，Henry Manley，" George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in，but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham，a nearby city，about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there，and the pay was far better.George lived in Welford，a medium-sized town. He really liked the place and didn't like the idea of moving somewhere else，but if he took the job in Birmingham，he would have to move his family there.Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors. The company was in deep trouble because，among other reasons，the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result，Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all. Even then，orders were still not coming in fast enough，so that there was no money for raises （加工资）for his workers Somehow，he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well. He sighed. Just then the phone rang.His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible. Manley sighed again. He could guess what it was about. George Strong was a very young engineer. The company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him Manley rubbed his forehead （前额）；his problems seemed endless.1 Henry Manley was already deeply in debt.A RightB C Not mentioned2 The job that had been offered to George in Birmingham paid better.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 If George took the job in Birmingham，he would have to leave his family at Welford.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Henry Manley's company was in deep trouble.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Henry Manley's company was making enough profits to raise the workers' wagesA RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 Henry Manley had no idea at all why George Strong wanted to see himA RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 George Strong was the best engineer in Henry Manley's company.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. CUsing HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency （免疫缺陷）virus （HIV），one of mankind's most feared viruses，as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune （免疫的）defenses，making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients' bodies，according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute，one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences，has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration （FDA）to begin clinical gene therapy （治疗）trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have "far wider applications".The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was "shocking" but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly. In the past two years，breakthroughs in genetics （遗传学）have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately，the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.'The HIV virus has the ability to escape from，and. then destroy，the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies.1 FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humansA RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removedA RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the body's immune cellsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soonA RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned【参考答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. CRiches and Romance From France’s Wine HarvestSeptember is harvest time. And with bunches of grapes swinging (摇摆) in the wind, the vineyards of southern France are getting ready to celebrate it.The yearly wine festival is held in honor of Bacchus, the Roman god of wine. It’s a fun time with parties, music, dancing, big meals and, of course, lots of wine.French wine making began more than 2,500 years ago. The world’s oldest type of vine grows in France and always produces a good quality wine. Today France produces one fifth of the world’s wine, and some of the most famous varieties.The top wine producing areas are Bordeaux, Burgundy and the Loire Valley. Champagne, a drink used in celebrations, is named after the place where sparkling (有气泡的)wine was first produced in 1700.Wine is made from the juice of freshly picked grapes. It is the sugars that turn into alcohol.Traditionally, people used to take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice. Nowadays, this practice is usually carried out by machines.Each wine producing region has its own character, based on its type of grapes and soil.The taste of wine changes with time. Until 1850, all French champagne was sweet. Now, both wine and champagne taste slightly bitter.The drink has always been linked with riches, romance and nobleness. Yet the French think of it in more ordinary terms.They believe it makes daily living easier, less hurried and with fewer problems.“All its links are with times when people are at their best; with relaxation, happiness, long slow meals and the free flow of ideas, ”wrote wine expert Hugh Johnson.1 All French people celebrate the grape harvest every September.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 In the yearly wine festival, people always enjoy themselves.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 Wine making in France has a history of over 2,500 years.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Many varieties of wine produced in France are named after places.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Different regions in France produce different types of wine.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 French wine will taste sour (酸的) in future.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 The French people believe that drinking wine is a good way to relax.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned参考答案：B A A C A C A答案解析1. 从第一段的最后一句话“the vineyards of southern France are getting ready to celebrate it.”中，可以得出，庆祝这个节日的是southern France，不是all French people，所以答案选择B Wrong。
2013年职称英语考试-理工类C级真题及答案
2013 年全国职称英语等级考试真题理工类(C 级)试题第1 部分：词汇选项（第1-15 题，每题1 分，共15 分）下面每个句子中均有1 个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。
1. I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.A. seizedB. threwC. brokeD. stretched2. Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning.A. borderB. goalC. peakD. level3. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.A. rightB. obviousC. unbelievableD. unclear4. I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.A. bringB. separateC. putD.set5. We found shelter from the rain under the trees.A. defenseB. standingC. protectionD. room6. This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.A. openB. cruelC. suddenD. direct7. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A. worriedB.sleepyC. offensiveD. anxious8. We have to change the public's perception that money is everything.A. sightB. beliefC.interestD. pressure9. The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me.A. realB. wholeC. strangeD. same10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.A. taughtB. keptC. attractedD. changed11. That performance was pretty impressive.A. completelyB. veryC. beautifullyD. equally12. The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.A.bottomB. surfaceC. topD. structure13. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.A. passed byB. took a notice ofC. woke upD. found by chance14. "There is no other choice," she said in a harsh voice.A. firmB. softC. deepD.unkind15. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.A. aboutB. atC. withD. from第2 部分：阅读判断（第16-22 题，每题1 分，共7 分）Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs.These researchers tinker(修补) with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. "They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a robotics, a person who designs, builds or programs robots. When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved - cars, trains, animals. He put motors on Tinker toy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist(扭曲) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain (地形). "Snakes are far more interesting than the cars," Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl (爬行) through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient's chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake? Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people. Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations, "I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots," Choset says.16. Choset began to build robots in high school.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Snake robots could move in only four directions.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Choset's snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit to Medrobotics.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30 题，每题1 分，共8 分）下面的短文后有2 项测试任务：（1）第23~26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为指定段落每段选择1 个最佳标题；（2）第27~30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
2013职称英语综合类教材新增内容
∙2013职称英语综合类教材新增内容：∙第一篇Taking Pictures of the WorldMeet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978，and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world. In fact, Antarctica is t he only continent Belt hasn’t seen yet.Belt’s photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan, as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England. Recently，her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America.Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and n ationalities even when she does not speak their language. “ The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into peopled lives,” she has said. “The camera is like a passport, and I am often overwhelmed by1 how quickly people welcome me!”Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new people. When people speak the same language, greetings and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each other. When people don’t speak the same language, a smile is very helpful. Having something in common can also help break the ice. For example, Belt has traveled with her two children, so when she takes pictures of children or their parents，they all have that family connection in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together.Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a local or ganization that can’t afford to hire a professional photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at your best photographs. If you’re a real photographer, your photos are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers.Remember, the next time you look at a beautiful photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, don’t be afraid to break the ice. The connection you make could be very rewarding.练习：1. Belt has never traveled to England.2. Belt has never traveled to Antarctica.3. Belt has worked for a number of magazines.4. Petra is a very old city in Jordan.5. Belt can only connect with English-speakers.6. People can connect with each other in bad weather.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Volunteering is one way to begin a photography career.参考译文第一篇镜头中的世界让我们来认识摄影师艾妮•格里菲斯•贝尔特。
职称英语理工类A、B、C级综合试卷-14
职称英语理工类A、B、C级综合试卷-14(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第1部分：词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Have you got a spare pen?（分数：1.00）A.a shortB.an extra √C.a thinD.a long解析：2.When he was the director of the company, his first accomplishment was to improve the working conditions.（分数：1.00）A.planB.purposeC.achievement √D.task解析：3.How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?（分数：1.00）A.explain √B.examineC.chooseD.expand解析：4.Their marketing policy for the product involves obtaining as much free publicity as possible. （分数：1.00）A.strategy √B.researchC.arrangementD.agreement解析：5.Apart from their differences, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.（分数：1.00）A.Except allB.Except for √C.But forD.Above all解析：6.He told the police that he had thought honestly about the ethics of what he was doing. （分数：1.00）A.behaviorB.wayC.morality √w解析：7.The fact that he has been quite frank in admitting his mistakes counts a lot to his credit. （分数：1.00）A.matters √B.estimatesC.explainsD.suspects解析：8.He seized the opportunity to present his proposal to the teacher.（分数：1.00）A.realizedB.took √C.followedD.kept解析：9.I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas, for he was only two years old. （分数：1.00）A.deviseB.handleC.express √D.demonstrate解析：10.The visitors to the island enjoyed themselves very much, but they refused to eat the raw fish. （分数：1.00）A.freshB.ripeC.burntD.uncooked √解析：11.Dick warned you that he might turn you down, didn't he?（分数：1.00）A.upset youB.defeat youC.reject you √D.trick you解析：12.They had a far better yield than any other farm miles around this year.（分数：1.00）A.goodsB.soilC.climateD.harvest √解析：13.The town is famous for its magnificent church towers.（分数：1.00）A.ancientB.oldC.modernD.splendid √解析：14.There is a limited number of books on this subject in the library.（分数：1.00）rgeB.totalC.small √D.Big解析：15.They had no way to dispose of the hazardous waste they produced in the process of the car manufacture.（分数：1.00）A.riskyB.fatalC.poisonousD.dangerous √解析：二、{{B}}第2部分：阅读判断{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
理工类职称英语试题及答案
理工类职称英语试题及答案理工类职称英语试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 I'd very much like to know what your aim in life isA thoughtB ideaC goalD plan2 The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.A in dangerB in difficultyC in despairD out of control3 Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes.A CertainlyB ProbablyC AlmostD Absolutely4 Mary rarely speaks to Susan.A slowlyB seldomC weaklyD constantly5 I'm working with a guy from London.A teacherB studentC friendD man6 You'd better put these documents in a safe placeA darkB secureC guardedD banned7 The courageous boy has been the subject of massive media coverageA extensiveB continuousC instantD quick8 The town is famous for its magnificent buildingsA high-riseB modernC ancientD splendid9 The great change of the city astonished all the visitorsA surprisedB scaredC excitedD moved10 Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the last ten yearsA futureB farC pastD near11 Would you please call my husband as soon as possible?A visitB phoneC consultD invite12 We had a long conversation about her parents.A speechB questionC talkD debate13 The chairman proposed that we stop the meetingA statedB announcedC demandedD suggested14 Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisisA lived onB depended onC believed inD joined in15 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a recordA beatsB maintainsC matchesD tries第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Importance of Children's Oral HealthFebruary is National Children's Dental (牙齿的)Health Month，but in children good oral care is critical every day. The first comprehensive study on the nation's oral health，released recently by the Office of the U.S. Surgeon General，calls dental and oral disea ses a “silent epidemic (流行病)，” even in children. The report states that more than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental-related illness. In fact，a recent study pointed to dental care as the most common unmet health need among American children.To help counter this，the American Academy of Periodontology (牙周病学)(AAP)is launching an effort to educate children and parents about the prevention of dental diseases in children.“This is important because oral problems can impact self-esteem for children and lead to problems of eating，speaking and attending to learning，” said Michael McGuire，president of the AAP.Common dental problems seen in children are cavities (龋洞)and gingivitis (龈牙)，which are found in the majority of U.S. children. “When these pr oblems are not caught early and treated，they can develop into more severe problems and cause unnecessary suffering，” said McGuire “However，much of the time，oral problems are avoidable problems.”In the Rio Grande Valley in Texas，a group of more than 120 dentists volunteers to deliver dental care to thousands of low-income children each year with its Mobile Dental Unit that travels from school to school.“According to the Surgeon General's Report，about 37 percent of children have not had a dental visit before starting school，” said McGuire. “When children don't see dentists theymiss the opportunity to have problems caught early before they develop into larger，more expensive problems to treat，and parents miss the opportunity to learn how to promote good oral habits in their children.”16 Only in February should attention be paid to children's oral healthA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17 Dental and oral diseases are common in both adults and childrenA RightB WrongC Not mentioned18 Boys miss more school hours each year due to dental-related illnessA RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Oral problems in children can develop into more severe problems.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Oral problems can not be avoided in any wayA RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 The low-income children are very grateful to the dentists.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Some children have never seen a dentist before starting school.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
职称英语考试理工类试题及答案(3)
职称英语考试理工类试题及答案(3)A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19 Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20 Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21 Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22 Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Weight ExperimentNicola Walters has been taking part in experiments inScotland to discover why humans gain and lost weight. Being locked in a small room called a 'calorimeter'（热量测量室)is one way to find out.1 The sighs above the two rooms read simply "Chamber One" and "Chamber Two". These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads "Please do not enter- work in progress" and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.2 Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.3 The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one dayon a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.【备注说明，非正文，实际使用可删除如下部分。
职称英语考试理工A真题及答案
2013年职称英语考试理工A真题及答案2014年职称英语理工类A真题及答案解析第1部分词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。
1.This was disaster on cosmic scale .A.modestmercialC.hugeD.national2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity .A.amazingB.depressingC.predictableD.dull3.A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.A.equalB.certainrgeD.opposite4.His professional career spanned 16 years .A.startedB.changedstedD.moved5.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later .A.easedB.improvedC.relievedD.appeared6.The group does not advocate the use of violence .A.limitB.supportC.regulateD.oppose7.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day .A.actB.homeworkC.justiceD.model8.Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes .A.motionlessB.silentC.seatedD.true9.There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject .A.pointB.resultC.findingD.tendency10.His stomach felt hollow with fear .A.sincereB.respectfulC.emptyD.terrible11.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation .2015年职称英语考试题库免费下载：/RhFad1WA.copyB.publishC.summarizeD.furnish12.That uniform makes the guards look absurd .A.seriousB.beautifulC.impressiveD.ridiculous13.The department deferred the decision for six months .A.put offB.arrived atC.abided byD.protested against14.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated .A.inventedB.reproducedC.designedD.reported15.The country was torn apart by strife .A.conflictB.povertyC.warD.economy参考答案：CDDCD BAADC DDABA第2部分阅读判断下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2013职称英语 综合类新增 The Travels of Ibn Battuta (含详细生词翻译及译文)
第五篇The Travels of Ibn Battuta“I left Tangier, my birthplace, the 13th of June 1325 with the intention of making the pilgrimage [ to Mecca]... to leave all my friends both female and male, to abandon my home as birds abandon their nests. ”So begins an old manuscript in a library in Paris—the travel journal of Ibn Battuta.Almost two centuries before Columbus, this young Moroccan set off for Mecca, returning home three decades later as one of history's great travelers. Driven by curiosity, he journeyed to remote comers of the Islamic world, traveling through 44 modem countries, three times as far as Marco Polo. Little celebrated in the West2, his name is well known among Arabs. In his hometown of Tangier, a square, a hotel, a cafe, a ferry boat, and even a hamburger are named after him.Ibn Battuta stayed in Mecca as a student for several years, but the urge to travel soon took over. In one adventure, he traveled to India seeking profitable employment with the Sultan of Delhi.3 On the way, he described his group being attacked in the open country by 80 men on foot, and two horsemen：“we fought ... killing one of their horsemen and about twelve of the foot soldiers ….I was hit by an arrow and my horse by another, but God in his grace preserved me .... We carried the heads of the slain to the castle of Abu Bak, har ... and suspended them from the wall. ” In Delhi, the sultan gave him the position of judge, based on his prior study at Mecca. But the sultan had an unpredictable character, and Ibn Battuta looked for an opportunity to leave. When the sultan offered to finance a trip to China, he agreed. Ibn Battuta set off in three ships, but misfortune struck while he was still on the shore. A sudden storm grounded and broke up two ships, scattering treasure and drowning many people and horses. As he watched, the third ship, with all his belongings and slaves一one carrying his child—was carried out to sea and never heard from again.After a lifetime of incredible adventures, Ibn Battuta was finally ordered by the Sultan of Morocco to return home to share his wisdom with the world. Fortunately, he consented and wrote a book that has been translated into numerous languages, allowing people everywhere to read about his unparalleled journeys.词汇：pilgrimage n.朝圣，远游ferry n.渡船sultan n,苏丹（伊斯兰教国王，某些伊斯兰国家统治者的称号）slain：slay的过去分词slay v.杀死，杀戮unparalleled adj.无比的，空前的finance v.给……提供资金scatter vt. 撒播，驱散; vi.消散consent vi.同意，赞成注释：1. ... with the intention of making the pilgrimage………打算去朝圣……2. Little celebrated in the West,... 虽然在西方社会不怎么知名，……3. ... seeking profitable employment with the Sultan of Delhi. ……在德里的苏丹王那里谋到了一份收入颇丰的工作。
职称英语理工类A、B、C级综合试卷-26
职称英语理工类A、B、C级综合试卷-26(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第1部分：词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I didn't help him. I would have however didn't have the money.（分数：1.00）A.orB.but √C.otherwiseD.still解析：2.What makes a major success in Los Angeles is the strength of his public support.（分数：1.00）A.concentrationB.intensity √C.conservationD.stress解析：3.You don't need to carry large amounts of cash; actually all financial businesses will be conducted by computers.（分数：1.00）A.transmissionsB.transitionsC.transactions √D.transportation解析：4.They had put up with the behavior from their son which they would not have tolerated from anyone else.（分数：1.00）A.acceptedB.sufferedC.endured √D.received解析：5.All dogs are capable of doing harm to human beings.（分数：1.00）A.damageB.injury √C.dangerD.wound解析：6.Human facial expression differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately contr011ed and modified.（分数：1.00）A.sufficientlyB.noticeablyC.intentionally √D.absolutely7.He was awarded ＄1,000 damages for the injury he suffered in the accident.（分数：1.00）pensation √B.insurancemissionD.substitution解析：8.The next morning she told us that the last question didn't depart till well after midnight. （分数：1.00）A.goB.leave √eD.appear解析：9.They have been tightening their belts for months, adapting themselves to a war economy. （分数：1.00）A.modifyingB.adoptingC.arrangingD.adjusting √解析：10.Gambling is lawful in this state.（分数：1.00）A.legal √B.irresistibleC.enjoyableD.profitable解析：11.When we visited the country, our principal impression was one of poverty and hardship. （分数：1.00）A.main √B.centralC.unforgettableD.strong解析：12.The second injection should have been given once the first drug had taken effect.（分数：1.00）A.taken placeB.injectedC.worked outD.worked √解析：13.Capital punishment was abolished some years ago in some states of the U. S,（分数：1.00）A.createdB.decoratedC.improvedD.eliminated √14.Smoking is not permitted in the office.（分数：1.00）A.probableB.possibleC.admittedD.allowed √解析：15.The people who speak Esperanto hope that the language someday will become the international language for trade, science, and diplomacy.（分数：1.00）mon √B.uniqueC.officialD.well-known解析：二、{{B}}第2部分：阅读判断{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
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2013年职称英语(理工类A & C )考试教材新增文章目录及内容下载汇总第四部分阅读理解（变化了3篇）第六部分完形填空（变化了3篇）具体名称如下：阅读理解：第十一篇：When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach第十九篇：Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience+第四十八篇：Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 完型填空：第三篇：Giant Structures第八篇：Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures+第十三篇：Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our StomachOur senses ar en‟t just delivering 汪strict view of what‟s going on in the world；they‟re affected by what‟s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who‟ve just eaten.Psychologists have known for decades that what‟s going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis，France，wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain‟s high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word，each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they‟d seen — a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception ,not in thinking processes, Radel says.“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs,” Radel says.词汇：threshold n.起点，开端；门槛disposal n.处理,处置;配置neutral adj.中性的；中立的motive n.动机，目的strive v.努力，力求;斗争注释：1. Our senses aren‟ t just delivering a strict view of ... in our heads:这个句子的大概意思是:我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界;五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。
2. University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis:法国尼斯•索菲亚•安提波利斯大学，简称尼斯大学，1965年经法国政令正式宣布成立。
尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7处主校园，另外，还在索菲亚•安提波利斯市(Sophia Antipolis)、戛纳市（Cannes)和芒东市（Menton)设有校区。
索菲亚•安提波利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区，是许多髙等学府的所在地。
3. body mass index:身体质量指数4. at the threshold of:当……快要开始时5. in perception：感知6. at the disposal of:受到……的控制练习：1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find?A Hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people.B Hungry people are always thinking of food-related words.C Hungry people are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.D Hungry people do not have lower-level of thinking process.2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?A Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach.B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry.C Because noon was not the right time for any experiment.D Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index.3. What does the writer want to tell us?A Human9s senses aren‟t just delivering a strict view of what‟s going on in the world.B What's perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking.C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.D Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses.4. What did the results of the experiment indicate?A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive.B Hungry people were better at identifying neutral words.C People who had just eaten were better at identifying food-related words.D The participants could barely perceive what they needed or what they strived for.5. What can we infer from the passage?A 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation.B An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable.C Our thinking processes are independent of our senses.D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes.答案与题解：1. C第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。