被动语态

被动语态一、主动语态和被动语态的区别先看两个例句：1.Many people speak Chinese. 2.Chinese is spoken by many people.1句是主动语态，表示主语是动作的执行者。

即speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

2句是被动语态，表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

主语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来的。

现以do为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

1．一般现在时：2．一般过去时：3．一般将来时：4．过去将来时：5．现在进行时：6．过去进行时：7．现在完成时：8．过去完成时：9．含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋spoken。

三、何时使用被动语态（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new bikes were stolen last night.一些新自行车在昨晚被盗了。

（不知道自行车是谁偷的）This house was built in 1981.这座房子竣工于1981年。

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Tom.玻璃杯是汤姆打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你的家庭作业必须及时完成。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：All the people laughed at him.→He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut do wn a tree. →A tree was cut down by him.五、由主动语态变被动语态时应注意的问题1．主动语态和被动语态的动词时态应保持一致He bought a new car last month.→A new car was bought by him last month.2.含有短语动词的被动语态一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态。

另外，许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，后面也可加宾语。

在变被动语态时，注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词，常见的这类短语动词有：take care of，look after，take off，look at，listen to，laugh at等。

如：She is looking for you now.→You are being looked for by her now.They laughed at him at the meeting.→He was laughed at by them at the meeti ng.3.带有双宾语的动词的两种被动语态形式含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。

一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语，直接宾语(指物)不变。

另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语，间接宾语(指人)不变，这时，间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。

如：My mother gave me a watch on my birthday.→I was given a watch (by my mother) on my birthday.(间接宾语作了主语)A watch was given to me (by my mother) on my birthday.(直接宾语作了主语)4．[see sb.do sth.]句型改为被动语态应注意的事项在[see（hear，make，let，watch，etc.）+宾语＋动词不定式（省略to）]的句型中，被动语态须将不定式形式补齐，即加上to。

如：He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.Moth er never lets me watch TV. →I am never let to watch TV by mother.5．含有被动意义的[have/get+宾语＋过去分词]I had(got) my hair cut.我请人给我理了发。

He had his money stolen.他的钱被人偷了。

Mike had his leg hurt while playing the game.麦克在玩游戏时腿受伤六、中考考点1、被动语态在不同时态（含有情态动词）中的运用;As usual, Meihua ________ at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.A. has woken upB. woke upC. wakes upD. was woken upWe should water the young trees every two days.The young trees should be watered by us every two days.2、含有介词的短语动词的被动用法；A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It ______ while we were on holiday.A. was taken careB. took care ofC. is taken care ofD. was taken care of3、本身构成被动的固定短语或句型的运用；例如：It is well known that Edison is an outstanding inventor.This kind of books is made of recycled paper.4、双宾结构以及复合宾语结构的主动变被动的用法；The policeman made the young woman move her car.The young woman was made to move her car by the policeman.Miss King saw Bill helping a blind man cross the street yesterday afternoon.Yesterday afternoon Bill was seen helping a blind man cross the street by Miss King.（三）学生易错点典型错题一：）The man who lived alone on the island thought he ____ never be ______.A. will, findB. would, be foundC. is, foundD. had, been found原因分析：学生受thought的影响，认为“没有被人发现”是在宾语从句结构中，因此时态应该为过去完成时态D，但是此题应该是一个对于语境的考查题，the man过去独自一人居住在岛上，因此“过去的过去”没有被人发现是事实，但是句中never的隐含着“永远不”的意思，语义上更倾向于“过去的将来”，故而答案应该为B。

典型错题二：Don’t worry. All the children _______ by the nurses.A. are well taken care ofB. take good care of C re taken good care D. take good care原因分析：学生想当然地认为短语take care of 中可以用形容词good修饰名词care的情况是唯一正确的形式，没有意识到在动词+介词/ 副词结构中，介词或副词是不可以随意丢弃的，再者，短语take care of本身可以看作一个动词结构，副词well修饰动词的用法也是正确的。

因此答案只能是A。

典型错题三：Can you tell me whom the play _____ in 2003?A. is writtenB. was writtenC. is written byD. was written by原因分析：学生看到了四个选项就已经很明确地知道了考查被动语态结构，接着看到题干中的in 2003就已经乐开了，而忽视了题干中whom的存在，误选了答案B。

正确答案为D。

典型错题四：区别本身只具有主动意义的词（近五年未出现在广州市中考试题中）；Can you tell me ___________?A. when did it happenB. when it happenedC. when was it happenedD. when it was happened原因分析：学生误以为happen是及物动词而选择D，正确答案为B。

第二部分、强化训练（一）单项选择:A组题1. We know that English ______ all over the world.A. is spokenB. is speakingC. speaksD. has spoken2. Computer ____ in everyday life in this country before long.A. is usedB. will useC. will be usedD. was used3. It’s true that his bad teeth ____ out by himself.A. has been pulledB. have been pulledC. has pulledD. pulled4. I’ve told the old man h is money _____ by the policemen.A. has been foundB. have been foundC. have found outD. has found5. What ______just now? A. was happened B. were happened C. happened D. happens6. The children ______ not to play with the fire . A. are told B. tell C. are asking D. warn7. ---____ the Internet _____ in your school---Yes , but the computer in our office often refuses to work.A. Is, usedB. Is, usingC. Does, useD. Has, used8. ---Something is wrong with the car. ---Don’t worry. I’ll have it _______ soon.A. fixedB. mending C .to repair D. to fix9. ---- Football by the British at the beginning of last century.---- That’s probably why football is one of the most popular games in England.A. was inventedB. inventedC. was inventingD. invents10. The PRC was ______ on October 1st 1949.A. foundB. findC. foundingD. founded11. I turned back only to find myself ______ by a group of beggars.A. followB. followingC. to followD. followed12. Now her lost books are usually______ the library.A .returnedB .returned to C. paid D. paid to13. Paul doesn’t have to be made ______.He always works hard.A. to learnB. learnC. learningD. learns14. ---My trousers are______ . ---I’ll buy you a new pair.A. wore outB. worn outC. wearing outD. sold out15. Don’t you know sweaters can’t _______ that way?A. be washedB. being washedC. being washingD. wash16. The broken cup _____ away by the boy already.A. has been thrownB. is thrownC. is being thrownD. threw17. _________ that Ann is a very clever girl.A. It’s believedB. It’s believeC. It is believingD. It’s believed to18. Everyone except Jim and Bill ____ some sweets .A. givesB. is givenC. giveD. are given19. I think the sick boy must _____ to the hospital as soon as possible.A. be takenB. been takenC. being takenD. take20. Most of rice in China _____ in the south. A. are grown B. is grown C. grow D. grows21. Students ________ slippers when they are at school.A. don’t allow to wearB. are not allowed to wearC. are not allowed to put onD. are not allowed wearing22. The 2010 Asian Games _______ in Guangzhou. A. is held B. was held C. has heldD. will be held23. I will go to the party if I ________. A. invited B. was invited C. have invited D. am invited24. Great changes ______ in Guangzhou in the past ten years.A. have taken placeB. have been taken placeC. have happenedD. have been happened25. Oh, what a big shop! Do you know when it _____?A. builtB. was builtC. has builtD. has been builtB组题1. This kind of T-shirt is ______.A. easily worn outB. easy worn outC. easy to worn outD. easily to be worn out2. ---- May I go out with you tomorrow? ---- If your job ______by then.A. has been finishedB. finishC. will be finishedD. will finish3. ---Go and ask the waiter how much_____. ---Don’t worry. It has been _____.A. does the meal cost, paid forB. the meal costs, paidC. the meal spends, paidD. the meal costs, paid for4. ---- ______ the sports meeting might be put off. ---- Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. I’ve been toldB. I’ve toldC. I’m toldD. I told5. The old man walked in the street, ______.A. followed by his sonB. followed his sonC. and following his sonD. and followed by his son6. The room ______ as a meeting room.A. used to being usedB. was used to being usedC. used to be usedD. was used to be used7. Last month Miss Han ______ a doctor.A. married withB. married toC. was married withD. got married to8. The TV needs _________. A. to repair B. repaired C. being repaired D. to be repaired9. His parents died when he was very young, so he was ______ by his uncle.A. brought upB. grown upC. got upD. risen10. The police _______ lots of help by the people in the city.A. has been givenB. has givenC. have been givenD. have given11. Pork ______ out in this shop. We can ______ now.A. has been sold, get nothingB. have been sold, get nothingC. has been sold, get someD. have been sold, get somest night the thief ______ by the police.A. got caughtB. is caughtC. were caughtD. was catch13. It’s known that the paper for books and magazines ______ from wood.A. are madeB. is madeC. has been madeD. is being made14. The “ Thousand-hand Guanyin” ______ by many people as the best performance at CCTV’s Spring Festival Evening. A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards15. In recent years, many child are made _____ what they are not ______.A. to do, interested inB. to do, interestedC. do, interestedD. do, interested in16. ---- Why are you late? ---- My bike broke down. I had it ______.A. repairedB. repairsC. repairD. repairing17. ---- I’d like to borrow a book ____ “ Chicken, run.”---- Let me check it on the computer. Here it is. It_____ Kate has got it.A. called, saysB. called, is saidC. is called, saysD. is called, is said18. Please tell me when Guangzhou _____ the Asian Games?A. will holdB. will be heldC. holdsD. is going to held19. Usually before exams, students _____ two minutes to write down their names.A. were givenB. gaveC. giveD. are given20. ---- The room is so dirty. ---- So it is! The dustbins ______ since we came here.A. haven’t been emptiedB. hasn’t been emptiedC. haven’t emptiedD. hasn’t emptied21. Here are the photos _______ in London.A. who are takenB. that tookC. which I was takenD. that were taken22. How long have Mr. and Mrs. White _______?A. marriedB. be marriedC. got marriedD. been married23. The boss made him work 14 hours a day. That means, he _______ work 14 hours a day.A. was madeB. madeC. was makingD. was made to24. She was heard ________ an English song in her room last night.A. singB. sangC. to singD. song25. They never asked ________. A. what would happen to the world B. what will happen to the worldC. what the world would happenD. what was happened to the world（二）句型转换1. Two years ago we used that machine to make shoes for children.Two years ago that machine ________________________ shoes for children.2. You must throw the broken pottery away at once.The broken pottery _____________________________ at once.3. You must hand in your history homework by the weekend.Your history homework _________________________ by the weekend.4. We should water the young trees every two days.The young trees _______________________________ every two days.5. Our teacher doesn’t let us g o out of our school at lunch time.We _______________________ go out of our school at lunch time.6. How long have you kept the book?How long __________________________________________?7. She gave me a present.I __________________________________________________.A present ___________________________________________.8. They made their mother a birthday cake.Their mother ________________________________________.A birthday cake ______________________________________.9. Must I do all the exercises?_______________________________________________?10. John’s mother let him help the old man mend the bike.John the old man mend the bike .11. How did you cut your finger yesterday?(荔湾07模拟题)How _____________________________________ ?12.They often hear him sing English songs in the next room.He often English songs in the next room.参考答案A组题1-5 ACBAC 6-10 AAAAD 11-15 DBABA 16-20 AABAB 21-25 BDDAB B组题1-5 AADAA 6-10 CDDAC 11-15 AABAA 16-20 AAADA 21-25 DDDCA 句型转换1. was used to make 2. must be thrown away 3. must be handed in4. should be watered by us5. aren’t let to6. has the book been kept by you7. was given a present by her; was given to me by her8. was made a birthday cake by them; was made for their mother by then9. Must all the exercises be done by me 10. was let to help, by his mother11. was your finger cut yesterday 12. is, heard to sing。