properties of carbon dioxide
二氧化碳中的大丌键
二氧化碳中的大丌键英文回答：Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a molecule composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. It is known for itsdouble bonds, which are strong and stable. The double bond between the carbon and one of the oxygen atoms is a sigma bond, formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals. The other bond, between the carbon and the second oxygen atom, is api bond, formed by the overlap of the p orbitals of the carbon and oxygen atoms.The double bond in CO2 is a result of the carbon atom's ability to form multiple bonds due to its electronic configuration. Carbon has four valence electrons, and inCO2, it shares two of these electrons with each oxygen atom, forming the double bonds. This arrangement allows carbon dioxide to have a linear molecular geometry.The double bonds in carbon dioxide give it certainproperties. For example, they contribute to the molecule's stability and make it less reactive compared to other molecules. The double bonds also give CO2 itscharacteristic bond length and bond strength.In terms of its role in the environment, carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that plays a crucial role in theEarth's climate system. It absorbs and emits infrared radiation, trapping heat in the atmosphere and contributing to the greenhouse effect. The double bonds in CO2 are responsible for its ability to absorb infrared radiation.中文回答：二氧化碳（CO2）是由一个碳原子和两个氧原子组成的分子。
二氧化碳英语阅读理解
Title: The Role of Carbon Dioxide in Our EnvironmentCarbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas that plays a crucial role in our environment. It is the main greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat and warming the Earth. While carbon dioxide is produced naturally by various processes, such as respiration and volcanic eruptions, human activities have significantly increased its concentration in the atmosphere.The primary source of human-induced carbon dioxide emissions is the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. This process releases large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. Other significant sources include deforestation and industrial processes that use carbon-based feedstocks.Carbon dioxide also has several beneficial uses. It is a key component in the photosynthesis process, which converts solar energy into chemical energy and is essential for plant growth. Additionally, it is used in the production of various industrial goods, such as glass, cement, and steel.However, the increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has led to a rise in global temperatures, causing a range of environmental issues. Rising temperatures are melting glaciers and ice caps, leading to sea level rise. They are also causing shifts in weather patterns, leading to more frequent and extreme weather events like droughts, floods, and hurricanes.To mitigate the impact of carbon dioxide on the environment, various efforts are being made. The use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power can reduce CO2 emissions. Additionally, technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS) can help capture CO2 emissions from power plants and industrial facilities before they enter the atmosphere. Planting more trees also helps absorb carbon dioxide from the air, providing a natural way to reduce its concentration.In conclusion, carbon dioxide plays a critical role in our environment, both as a natural process and as a result of human activities. Its increase in concentration is leading to significant environmental changes that require urgent action. By understanding the role of carbon dioxide and taking steps to reduce its impact, we can help preserve our planet for future generations.。
二氧化碳对环境的危害和影响英语作文
The Harmful Impacts of Carbon Dioxide onthe EnvironmentIn today's world, the rise of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere has become a pressing concern. As a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide plays a significant role in global warming and climate change. The excessive emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is causing numerous environmental problems that threaten the sustainability of our planet.One of the most significant impacts of carbon dioxide is its contribution to global warming. Carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to a rise in global temperatures. This rise in temperature has led to melting glaciers, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events such as heatwaves, droughts, and floods. These changes have caused significant damage to ecosystems and infrastructure, affecting both human and animal life.Another impact of carbon dioxide is acid rain. When carbon dioxide combines with water in the atmosphere, it forms carbonic acid. This acidic rainwater can damage forests and lakes, killing fish and plants. It can alsocorrode buildings and statues made of marble or limestone. The damage caused by acid rain has a negative impact on biodiversity and the economy.Moreover, carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels are a major contributor to air pollution. This pollution can lead to respiratory problems, heart disease, and even premature death. Millions of people worldwide are affected by air pollution every year, especially in cities with high levels of traffic and industrial emissions.To mitigate the harmful impacts of carbon dioxide, it is crucial to reduce our carbon footprint. This can be achieved through energy-efficient practices, renewable energy sources, and carbon sequestration techniques. By reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and adopting sustainable practices, we can help mitigate the harmful effects of carbon dioxide on our environment.In conclusion, the harmful impacts of carbon dioxide on the environment are wide-ranging and far-reaching. From global warming and climate change to acid rain and air pollution, the rise of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere poses a significant threat to the sustainabilityof our planet. It is, therefore, imperative that we take action to reduce our carbon emissions and adopt sustainable practices to mitigate these harmful effects.**二氧化碳对环境的危害与影响**在当今世界，大气中二氧化碳水平的上升已成为一个紧迫的问题。
初中物理化学英语名词汇总
初中化学英语名词explosion [ɪk'splo ʒən]爆炸(=burst,联系时政) saturated ['sætʃə,ret ɪd] solution [sə'lu ʃən]饱和溶液unsaturated solution 不饱和溶液 pure [pjur] substance ['sʌbst əns] 纯净物catalyst ['kætəl ɪst] 催化剂 deliquesce [,dɛl ə'kw ɛs] 潮解ozone ['ozon] 臭氧 electron [ɪ'l ɛktr ɑn] 电子 elementary [,ɛl ə'm ɛnt ər ɪ] substance 单质 nitrogen ['naɪtr əd ʒən] 氮气starch [stɑrtʃ] 淀粉 protein ['protiɪn] 蛋白质 carbon ['kɑrbən] dioxide [daɪ' ɑksaɪd] 二氧化碳 steel 钢 preparation [,prɛp ə're ʃən] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳制法 gold 金 properties ['prɑpɚ taɪs] of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳性质 air 空气 use of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳用途 molecule ['mɑlə,kjul] 分子 phenolphthalein ['finɔl'θælin]酚酞 reactant [rɪ'æktənt] 反应物 non-metal element ['ɛl əm ənt] 非金属元素chemical change 化学变化decomposition [,dikɑmpə'zɪʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən] 分解反应alloy ['ælɔɪ] 合金 double decomposition reaction复分解反应 valence ['veləns] 化合价 compound ['kɑmpaund] fertilizer ['fɝtl,a ɪz ɚ] 复合肥料mixture ['mɪkst ʃɚ]混合物composite [kəm'p ɑzɪt] materials[met'raɪəls] 复合材料 nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] change 核电荷chemical property ['prɑpɚtɪ] 化学性质 chemical formula['fɔrmj əl ə] 化学式compound ['kɑmpaund] 化合物 chemical equation [ɪ'kwe ʃən] 化学方程式combination [,kɑmbə'neʃən] reaction 化学反应 coal 煤 slow oxidation[,ɑksə'deʃən]缓慢氧化 reduction [rɪ'd ʌk ʃən] reaction 还原反应fossil ['fɑs!] fuel['fjuəl] 化石燃料 synthetic [sɪn'θɛt ɪk] rubber['rʌb ɚ] 合成橡胶synthetic [sɪn'θɛt ɪk] fiber ['faɪb ɚ]合成纤维 chemical fertilizer['fɝtl,a ɪz ɚ] 化学肥料metal element 金属元素 crystal ['krɪst!] 晶体crystallization [,krɪst! ɪ'ze ʃən] 结晶alkali ['ælkə,la ɪ] 结晶diamond ['daɪəm ənd] 金刚石 methane ['mɛθen]甲烷methanol ['mɛθə,nol]甲醇composition of air 空气的组成 air pollution 空气污染 liquefaction [,lɪkw ɪ'fækʃən] of air 空气液化separation [,sɛp ə're ʃən] of air 空气分离mineral ['mɪn ər əl] 矿物（新概念词汇） ion ['aɪən] 离子 sulphuric acid ['æsɪd] 硫酸（acid 酸，新概念词汇） extinguisher [ɪk'st ɪŋgwɪʃɚ] 灭火器sodium ['sodɪəm]chloride ['sodɪəm]氯酸钠aluminium [,æljə'm ɪn ɪəm] 铝pesticide ['pɛst ɪ,sa ɪd] 农药 nano-materials [mə't ɪr ɪəls]纳米农药glucose ['glukos]葡萄糖 hydrogen ['haɪdr əd ʒən] 氢气properties of hydrogen 氢气的性质 hydrochloric acid 氢气酸sodium ['sodɪəm] hydroxide [haɪ'dr ɑks,aɪd] 氢氧化钠combustion [kəm'b ʌst ʃən] 燃烧calcium ['kælsɪəm] hydroxide 氢氧化钙 dissolved [kəm'b ʌst ʃən]溶解solution [sə'lu ʃən]溶液 solvent ['sɑlvənt]溶剂solute [sɑ'ljut]溶质 solubility [,sɑljə'bɪlətɪ] 溶解度solubility curve [kɝv] 溶解度曲线mass fraction ['frækʃən] of solute 溶质质量分数emulsion [ɪ'm ʌl ʃən] 乳浊液 pig iron ['aɪɚn] 生铁product ['prɑdəkt] 生成物 acid ['æsɪd] 酸acidity [ə's ɪd ət ɪ] and basicity [be'sɪs ət ɪ] 酸碱度 water 水composition of water 水的组成 water pollution 水的污染graphite ['græfaɪt]石墨 acid rain 酸雨litmus ['lɪtm əs]石蕊food additive ['ædət ɪv] 食品添加剂petroleum [pə'trol ɪəm]石油plastics ['plæstɪks]塑料carbon 碳 properties of carbon 碳的性质carbohydrate ['kɑrbə'haɪdret]碳水化合物 iron ['aɪɚn]铁sodium carbonate ['kɑrbə,net] 碳酸钠nature gas 天然气physical ['fɪz ɪk!] change 物理变化 physical property 物理性质amorphous [ə'm ɔrf əs] carbon 无定形碳 vitamin ['vaɪt əm ɪn]维生素greenhouse effect [ɪ'f ɛkt] 温室效应 copper ['kɑpɚ]洞relative ['rɛl ət ɪv] atomic [ə't ɑmɪk] mass 相对原子质量 rust [rʌst] 铁锈relative molecular [mə'l ɛkj əl ɚ] mass 相对分子质量 rare [rɛr] gas 稀有气体nitric ['naɪtr ɪk] acid 硝酸atom ['ætəm] 原子atomic [ə't ɑmɪk]structure ['strʌkt ʃɚ]原子结构 atomic nucleus ['njuklɪəs] 原子核anion ['æn,aɪən] 阳离子cation ['kætaɪən] 阴离子element 元素 symbols ['sɪmb!s] for elements元素符号periodic [,pɪr ɪ' ɑdɪk] table of the elements 元素周期表 salt [sɔlt] 盐atomic group [grup] 原子团 oxidation [,ɑksə'deʃən] reaction[rɪ'ækʃən]氧化反应oxide [rɪ'ækʃən] 氧化物 oxygen ['ɑksədʒən]氧气preparation of oxygen 氧气的制法 properties of oxygen 氧气的性质use of oxygen 氧气的性质 drinking water 饮用水hard water 硬水 carbon monoxide[mɑn'ɑksaɪd] 一氧化碳properties of carbon monoxide 一氧化碳的性质 drug 药品organic [ɔr'gænɪk] compound ['kɑmpaund] 有机物 acetic [ə'sit ɪk] acia乙酸ethanol ['ɛθə,nol] 乙醇 nutrient ['njutrɪənt] 营养品 oil 油 proton ['protɑn] 质子neutron ['njutrɑn] 中子 displacement reaction [rɪ'ækʃən] 置换反应 law of conservation [,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of mass 质量守恒定律 fat 脂肪 neutralization [,nutrəl ə'ze ʃən] reaction 中和反应 sucrose ['sjukros] 蔗糖 autoignition 自燃 indicator ['ɪnd ə,ket ɚ] 指示剂alkali ['ælkə,la ɪ]碱 reactive [rɪ'æktɪv]活泼 react [rɪ'ækt]反应filter ['fɪlt ɚ]过滤 filtrate ['fɪltret]滤液 test [tɛst] tube[tjub]试管spirit lamp酒精灯chemical apparatus[,æpə'ret əs]化学仪器 dropper ['drɑpɚ]滴管asbestos [æs'bɛst əs] network['nɛt,w ɝk]石棉网 Set cylinder['sɪl ɪnd ɚ]集气瓶Glass rod[rɑd]玻璃棒Condenser 冷凝管jar [dʒɑr] 广口瓶 Flask 锥形瓶Rubber plug[plʌg]橡皮塞Medicine spoon药匙Filter paper滤纸Forceps 镊子Crucible tongs[tɔŋz]坩埚钳beaker ['bikɚ]烧杯 Graduated cylinder['sɪl ɪnd ɚ]量筒 Particle ['pɑrtɪk!]微粒 light 点燃Electrolysis 电解 Heating 加热 Molecule [mə'l ɛkj ul]分子Sink 水槽 Boiled 煮沸Thermometer ['θɝm ə,græf]温度计 liquefaction [,lɪkw ɪ'fækʃən]液化 vaporize ['vepə,ra ɪz]汽化 solidify [sə'l ɪd ə,fa ɪ]凝固 condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən]凝华sublime [sə'bla ɪm]升华melt [mɛlt]熔化evaporate [ɪ'væpə,ret]蒸发alum ['æləm]明矾 Conductive [kən'd ʌkt ɪv]导电Solid 固态Battery ['bætər ɪ]干电池Diamond 钻石Alcohol ['ælkə,h ɔl]酒精 dry ice干冰 Vapor ['vepɚ]汽态Liquid ['lɪkw ɪd] state[stet]液态rust [rʌst]铁锈Liquid ['lɪkw ɪd]液体 Reduction [rɪ'd ʌk ʃən] reaction 还原反应 Dissolve [dɪ'z ɑlv]溶解 Peroxide [pə'r ɑksaɪd]过氧化氢 acetic [ə'sit ɪk] acid醋酸Potassium [pə'tæsɪəm] permanganate[pɝ'mæŋgə,net]高锰酸钾Biological [,baiə'l ɔd ʒik əl] Trace Element生物微量元素Caustic ['kɔst ɪk] soda 烧碱（soda 苏打）- Soda ash[æʃ]纯碱 Hydrated ['haɪdret ɪd] lime[laɪm]熟石灰 Quicklime ['kwɪk,la ɪm]生石灰 Limestone 石灰石Activated ['æktə,vet ɪd] Carbon活性炭 Soda 苏打 Baking soda小苏打 dilute [daɪ'lut]稀释 carbonic [kɑr'bɑnɪk] acid碳酸 nitric ['naɪtr ɪk] acid硝酸 sulfuric [sʌl'fjur ɪk] acid硫酸 hydrogen ['haɪdr əd ʒən]氢 nitrogen ['naɪtr ə d ʒən] 氮 sodium ['sodɪəm] 钠magnesium ['mæg'niʃɪəm] 镁aluminum [ə'lum ɪn əm] 铝phosphorous ['fɑsfərəs] 磷 sulfur ['sʌlf ɚ] 硫 chlorine ['klorin] 氯 potassium [pə'tæsɪəm] 钾calcium ['kælsɪəm] 钙 titanium [taɪ'ten ɪəm] 钛 iron ['aɪɚn] 铁copper ['kɑpɚ] 铜 zinc [zɪŋk] 锌 silver ['sɪlv ɚ] 银iodine ['aɪə,da ɪn] 碘初中物理英语名词mechanical motion['moʃən] 机械运动 motion 运动 reference ['rɛf ər əns] object 参照物 rest 静止 [və'l ɑsətɪ] 速度sound 声音 uniform rectilinear[,rɛkt ə'l ɪn ɪɚ] motion 匀速直线运动variable ['vɛr ɪəb!]musical sound 乐音 noise 噪音 pitch [pɪt ʃ] 音调（frequently 频繁的）frequency ['frikwəns ɪ]频率loudness 响度musical quality['kwɑlətɪ]音色ultrasound ：['ʌltr ə,saund]超声infrasonic sound[,ɪnfr ə's ɑnɪk]次声light 光 reflection [rɪ'fl ɛk ʃən] of light 光的反射mirror reflection 镜面反射diffuse [dɪ'fjuz] reflection 漫反射 refraction [rɪ'frækʃən] of light 光的折射 conves ['kɑnvɛks] lens [lɛnz] 凸透镜 concave ['kɑnkev] lens凹透镜convergent [kən'v ɝd ʒənt] lens 汇聚透镜(凸透镜) divergent [daɪ'v ɝd ʒənt] lens 发散透镜（凹透镜） rectilinear motion 变速直线运动force [fors]力 elastic [ɪ'læstɪk] force 弹力 gravity ['grævət ɪ]重力 weight [wet]物重（重力） center ofgravity重心 sliding ['slaɪd ɪŋ] frictional['frɪk ʃən əl] force滑动摩擦力Newton ’s first law 牛顿第一定律 inertia [ɪn' ɝʃə]惯性mass [mæs] 质量buoyancy ['bɔɪəns ɪ] force浮力pressure ['prɛʃɚ] 压力atmospheric [,ætməs'f ɛr ɪk] pressure 气压lever ['lɛv ɚ] 杠杆movable ['muvəb!]pulley 动滑轮power 功率kinetic energy：[kɪ'n ɛt ɪk] 动能potential energy[pə't ɛn ʃəl] 势能crystal ['krɪst!] 晶体melt ing ['mɛlt ɪŋ] 熔化vaporization [,vepər ə'ze ʃən] 汽化vaporation 蒸发solidification [sə,l ɪd əf ə'ke ʃən]凝固liquefaction [,lɪkw ɪ'fækʃən] 液化 density ['dɛns ət ɪ]密度pressure 压强 standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压 fixed pulley['pulɪ] 定滑轮 mechanicl work 机械功 mechanicl efficiency[ɪ'f ɪʃəns ɪ] 机械效率 energy 能量 mechanicl energy 机械能noncrystal 非晶体melting point [pɔɪnt] 熔点boiling ['bɔɪl ɪŋ]沸腾 sublimation [,sʌbl ə'me ʃən] 升华 solidifying ：[sə'l ɪd ə,fa ɪ] point 凝固点 condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən] 凝华（相同，注意理解）internal [ɪn't ɝn!] energy 内能 heat quantity：['kwɑntətɪ] 热量specific [spɪ's ɪf ɪk] heat capacity [kə'pæsət ɪ] 比热容 heat engine ['ɛnd ʒən] 热机internal-combustion [kəm'b ʌst ʃən] engine 内燃机electric [ɪ'l ɛktr ɪk] charge [tʃɑrd ʒ] 电荷 positive ['pɑzətɪv] charge 正电荷negative ['nɛg ət ɪv] charge 负电荷 series ['siriz] connection [kə'n ɛk ʃən] 串联parallel ['pærə,l ɛl] connection 并联 electric current ['kɝənt] 电流ampere [æm'pɪr]安培 voltage ['voltɪd ʒ] 电压volt 福特ohm ‘s law 欧姆定律electric power 电功率 rated ['retɪd] voltage 额定电压rated current 额定电流 rated power 额定功率electromagnetic [ɪ'l ɛktromæg'nɛt ɪk] induction [ɪn'd ʌk ʃən] 电磁感应现象induced electric current 感应电流lightguide [laɪtga ɪd] fiber ['faɪb ɚ] 光导纤维 elasticity [ɪ,læs'tɪs ət ɪ]弹性hardness 硬度 ducility 延展性chemical energy 化学能 nuclear ['njuklɪɚ] energy 核能law of conservation[,kɑnsɚ'veʃən] of energy 能量守恒定律renewable [rɪ'nju əb!]energy source [sors]可再生能源（注意“核-nuclear ”-联系时政） nonrenewable energy source 不可再生能源 nuclear fission ['fɪʃən] 核裂变 nuclear fusion['fjuʒən] 核聚变 geothermal [,dʒio'θɝm!] energy地热能 tidal ['taɪd!]angle ['æŋg!]energy 潮汐能 wind energy 风能 of emergence [ɪ'm ɝd ʒəns]出射角 light beam[bim] 光束/光柱angle of incidence ['ɪns ədns] 入射角 light ray 光线 angle of reflection [rɪ'fl ɛk ʃən] 反射角 light source[sors] 光源 angle of refraction[rɪ'frækʃən] 折射角mains frequency ['frikwəns ɪ] 市电频率apparent [ə'pærənt] depth [dɛpθ] 视深 medium ['midɪəm] 介质binoculars [bɪ'n ɑkjəlɚs] 双筒望远（新概念词汇） boiler ['bɔɪl ɚ] 锅炉 microwave ['maɪkro,wev] 微波 mirage [mə'r ɑʒ] 海市蜃楼，蜃景Celsius temperature scale[skel] 摄氏温标 mirror 镜 change of state 物态变化 multiple ['mʌlt əp!]image ['ɪm ɪd ʒ] 复像 multiple reflection 多次反射 condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən] 凝结，凝聚 mutually ['mjutʃu əl ɪ] perpendicular[,pɝp ən'd ɪkj əl ɚ]互相垂直的 colour 颜色 condensation [,kɑndɛn'seʃən] point 凝点，凝结点normal 法线coolant ['kulənt] 冷却剂object 物，物体 cooling curve[kɝv]冷却曲critical ['krɪt ɪk!]object distance 物距 angle 临界 optical ['ɑptɪk!] fibre ['faɪb ɚ] 光导纤维，光纤 degree [dɪ'gri] 度 optical ['ɑptɪk!] illusion [ɪ'lju ʒən] 光幻象，视错觉degree Celsius（ce ntigrade ）摄氏度optically ['ɑptɪklɪ] dense medium['midɪəm] 光密介质deviation [,divɪ'e ʃən] 偏向，偏差 optically less dense[dɛns] medium 光疏介质物理学 physics 误差 error 游码 rider测量 measure (vt.) 实验 experiment 温度计 temperature长度 length 实验室 laboratory 摄氏度 degree centigrade单位 unit 面积 area 温度计 thermometer千米 kilometer 平方米 square meter 体温计 clinical thermometer米 meter 体积 volume 时间 time分米 decimeter 立方米 cubic meter 小时 hour厘米 centimeter 升 Liter 分钟 minute毫米 millimeter 毫升 Milliliter 秒 second微米 micron 质量 mass 毫秒 millisecond纳米 nanometer 吨 ton 停表 stop watch测量工具 measuring tool 千克 kilogram 力 force刻度尺 meter ruler 克 gram 牛顿 Newton最小刻度 division value 毫克 milligram 测力计 dynamometer 零刻度线 zero graduation line 天平 balance 弹簧秤 spring balance 测量范围 measuring range 砝码 weightsⅡ、运动（simple motion）相对运动 relative motion 方向 direction 路程 path静止 rest 直线运动 rectilinear motion 速度 velocity参照物 reference 曲线运动 curvilinear motion变速直线运动 variable rectilinear motion位置 position 匀速直线运动 uniform rectilinear motion平均速度average velocityⅢ、热（heat ）分子 molecules 熔化 melting 液化 liquefaction分子运动 molecular motion 熔点 melting point 升华 sublimation扩散 diffusion 凝固 solidification 凝华 condensation排斥力 repulsive force 凝固点 solidifying point 冰箱 refrigerator 吸引力 attractive force 晶体 crystal 热传递 heat transfer物质 substance 非晶体 noncrystal 热传导 heat conduction物体 object 吸收 absorb(v.) 热对流 heat convection状态 state 放出 release(v.) 热辐射 heat radiation固体 solid 汽化 vaporization 热量 heat液体 liquid 蒸发 evaporation 比热（容） specific heat （capacity ）气体 gas 沸腾 boiling 物态变化 state transformation 沸点 boiling pointⅠⅠ、光（light ）光源light source 入射角incident angle 焦距focal length 光的直线传播rectilinear propagationof light反射角 reflection angle 会聚 converge(v.)小孔成像 image byping hole 镜面反射 mirror reflection发散 diverge(v.)日食 solar eclipse 漫反射 diffuse reflection 光屏（屏幕） screen 月食 lunar eclipse 平面镜plane mirror 照相机 camera光速 velocity of light 潜望镜 periscope 幻灯机 slide projector 真空 vacuum 蜡烛 candle 电影放映机 film projector空气 air 光的折射 refractionof light 放大镜 magnifier玻璃 glass 折射光线 refracted ray 倒立的 inverted水 water 折射角 refraction angle 正立的 erected均匀介质 well-distributed medium 透镜 lens 缩小的 reduced 光的反射 reflectionof light 凸透镜convex lens 放大的amplified 反射定律reflection law 凹透镜concave lens 实像real image 入射光线 incident ray （主）光轴 principal optical axis虚像 virtual image反射光线 reflected ray 光心 optical centerof lens 海市蜃楼 mirage 法线 normal 焦点 focus 光的色散 dispersion of lightⅤ、磁（magnetism ）磁体 magnet 小磁针 magneticneedle 磁场 magnetic field天然磁体 natural magnet 磁极 magnetic pole地磁场 geomagnetic field人造磁体 man-made magnet 南极 north pole电流的磁场 magnetic field of electric current条形磁铁bar magnet 北极South pole 磁感线magnetic induction line 蹄形磁铁horseshoe magnet 磁化 magnetization 电磁铁 electromagnet三、声音（sound ）振动 vibrate 声波 wave of sound 振幅 amplitude介质 medium 音调 pitch 噪音 noise传播 travel 响度 loudness 乐音 voice声速velocity of sound 音色musical quality 分贝decibel （dB ）回声echo 频率frequency四、力（force ）重力 gravity 惯性 inertia 动力 motive force重心 center of gravity 平衡 equilibrium 阻力 resistance摩擦力 friction force 压强 pressure 动力臂 power arm滑动摩擦 sliding friction 帕斯卡 Pascal(Pa) 阻力臂 resisting arm 滚动摩擦 rolling friction 液体压强 hydraulicpressure作用线 action-line静摩擦 static friction 大气压强 atmosphericof pressure 滑轮 pulley 压力 pressure force 标准大气压 standardatmospherepressure 定滑轮 fixed pulley浮力 buoyancy force 气压计 barometer 动滑轮 movable pulley 力的图示 force diagram 托里拆利Torricelli 滑轮组pulley block 力的大小magnitude of force 阿基米德原理Archimedes principle 功 work力的方向 direction of force 密度 density 功率 power力的作用点 acting point of force 潜水艇 submarine机械效率 mechanical efficiency合力 resultant force 热气球 fire balloon 有用功 useful work 分力 component force 飞艇airship 额外功 extra wok力的合成 composition of forces 简单机械 simple mechanics总功 total work形变 deformation 杠杆 lever 斜面 inclined plane牛顿第一定律Newton’s First Law 支点 pivot五、电（electricity ）电荷 electric charge 正极 positive plate 电压 voltage带电体 charged body 负极 negative plate 伏特 V olt摩擦起电 electrificationby friction 电路 electric circuit伏特计 voltmeter正电荷positive charge 通路closed circuit 电阻 resistance 负电荷negative charge 开路open circuit 欧姆 Ohm导体 conductor 短路 short circuit 变阻器 rheostat绝缘体 insulator 电路图 circuit map 滑动变阻器 slide wire rheostat 半导体 semiconductor 串联 series connection 欧姆定律Oh m’s law 电源 power source 并联 parallel connection 电功 electric work 导线 wire 电量 electric quantity 电功率 electric power电键 key(switch) 电流 electric current 额定电压 rated voltage 干电池 dry cell 安培 Ampere 额定电功率 rated power蓄电池 storage plate 安培计 ammeter本文档下载自文档之家，-免费文档分享平台，众多试卷、习题答案、公务员考试、英语学习、法语学习、人力资源管理、电脑基础知识、学习计划、工作计划、工作总结、活动策划、企业管理等文档分类免费下载；乐于分享，共同进步，转载请保留出。
议论文英语短篇作文范文
When it comes to writing an argumentative essay in English,there are several key elements to consider.Here is a short model essay on the topic of The Importance of Environmental Protection:Title:The Importance of Environmental ProtectionIn the modern era,the environment has become a critical concern for humanity.The rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to a significant deterioration in the quality of our surroundings.This essay aims to argue that environmental protection is not just a responsibility but a necessity for the survival and wellbeing of all living beings on Earth.IntroductionThe environment is the foundation of life.It provides us with clean air,fresh water,and fertile soil,which are essential for our sustenance.However,the actions of human beings have led to pollution,deforestation,and climate change,posing a severe threat to the ecological balance.It is imperative that we take immediate and effective measures to protect our environment.Body Paragraph1:Causes of Environmental DegradationThe primary causes of environmental degradation include industrial pollution,excessive use of natural resources,and the emission of greenhouse gases.Industries release harmful chemicals into the air and water,contaminating them and making them unsafe for consumption.Deforestation,driven by the need for agricultural land and timber,has led to the loss of habitats for many species and contributes to soil erosion.Additionally,the burning of fossil fuels has increased the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.Body Paragraph2:Consequences of Environmental DegradationThe consequences of environmental degradation are farreaching and severe.They include loss of biodiversity,climate change,and health problems for humans.The extinction of species due to habitat loss and pollution disrupts the food chain and the balance of ecosystems.Climate change,characterized by rising temperatures,melting ice caps,and extreme weather events,threatens agriculture,water resources,and coastal communities. Moreover,polluted air and water can lead to respiratory diseases and waterborne illnesses, affecting the health of millions.Body Paragraph3:Solutions for Environmental ProtectionTo combat environmental degradation,several solutions can be implemented.These include promoting sustainable practices,investing in renewable energy,and raising public ernments and industries should adopt policies that encourage the use of ecofriendly materials and processes.The transition to renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power,can significantly reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases.Furthermore,educating the public about the importance of environmental protection and encouraging them to adopt green habits can create a collective effort towards a cleaner and healthier planet.ConclusionIn conclusion,the protection of the environment is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention.The causes and consequences of environmental degradation are clear,and it is our collective responsibility to implement solutions that ensure the preservation of our planet.By adopting sustainable practices,investing in renewable energy,and raising awareness,we can work towards a future where the environment thrives alongside human progress.This model essay provides a structured approach to writing an argumentative essay, including an introduction,body paragraphs with arguments and evidence,and a conclusion summarizing the main points.Remember to use clear and concise language, provide evidence to support your arguments,and maintain a logical flow of ideas throughout your essay.。
2024年高考英语押题卷02(新高考七省专用)(原卷版) (2)
2024年高考英语押题卷02（新高考七省专用）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（2023·江西鹰潭·统考一模）What is the man dissatisfied with about the restaurant?A．The food.B．The service.C．The price.2．（2023·江西鹰潭·统考一模）Who might print out the documents?A．Mrs. Green.B．Miss Jones.C．Mr. Collins.3．（2023·江西·校联考模拟预测）What does the woman mean?A．She missed the comedy last night.B．She regrets spending much time on TV.C．Her TV broke down due to a power failure.4．（2023·江西抚州·金溪一中校联考一模）What do the speakers agree to do together?A．Go shopping.B．Clean the floor.C．Hold a party.5．（2023·江西抚州·金溪一中校联考一模）Where does the conversation probably take place?A．In a restaurant.B．In a bank.C．At an airport.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。
A New Equation of State for Carbon Dioxide Covering the Fluid Region
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3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.
Melting Pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sublimation Pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Vapor Pressure ....................... " Saturated Liquid Density. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Saturated Vapor Density. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Caloric Data on the Liquid-Vapor Phase Boundary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Experimental Basis of the New Equation of State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.1 Thermal Properties .................... " 4.2 Specific Isobaric Heat Capacity. . . . . . . . . . .. 4.2.1 Experimental Results for the Specific Isobaric Heat Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.2.2 Results for the Specific Isobaric Heat
The Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emissions
The Reduction of Carbon DioxideEmissions随着社会经济的发展，不可避免的是环境问题的日益突出。
其中之一的突出问题是二氧化碳的排放。
虽然二氧化碳在自然界中很常见，但是当前二氧化碳排放的速度和量十分惊人。
这种情况带来的严重后果无需赘言，但是考虑到环保的重要性和影响，必须明确减少二氧化碳排放的重要性。
从根本上来讲，减少碳排放的最好方法是从能源来源入手。
尽管运用现代技术的高效设备，提高能源利用效率和使用清洁的再生能源是避免二氧化碳积聚的最佳方法。
在全球范围内，许多国家都已经开展了减少碳排放的任务。
这也是全球变暖的问题受到关注的主要原因。
能源是引起环境问题的主要原因，也是解决环境问题的重要途径。
而最有效的方法是使用清洁能源，如风能和太阳能。
可以考虑从以下几个方面入手，以减少全球的碳排放和二氧化碳排放量。
第一个方面是减少燃料的消耗。
具体来说，燃烧煤和石油是造成大气污染的主要途径，因此改变能源的使用方式是减少碳排放的关键。
对于如今很多的市区来说，能源主要来源于化石燃料，如果能源可靠的非化石燃料发电方式会极大减少碳排放。
第二个方面是改善现有系统的设计。
这个方面主要指的是提高工业系统的能源利用效率。
通过改善工业系统中的流程，提高资源利用率，既能满足生产需要，又能降低能源消耗。
第三个方面在于发展清洁能源，而非传统的燃煤和石油。
而且，整个过程还可以利用太阳和风这两种自然资源来发电。
只需将光能或风能累积到电液阻尼器中存储下来，在需要能源时释放，并经过发电机转换成电流，供应市场上的消费者使用。
这种能源利用方式不仅消耗的资源极少，而且污染也减少。
第四个方面是提高能源利用效率。
这主要包括交通和建筑领域。
对于交通领域，研究新材料、轻量化、空气动力学设计和动力控制策略为尚不断的优化和创新。
对于建筑领域，研发高效的建筑材料和设计节能建筑。
总的来说，减少碳排放和提高能源利用效率是两个紧密相连的目标，只有这两个目标互相依存并相互促进，才能有更好更长远的效果。
双语Carbon-dioxide
Properties of carbondioxideOutline：1.Physical properties of carbon dioxide2.Chemical properties of carbon dioxideFrom:九年义务教育三年制初级中学教科书Chapter5Good morning ,everyone! Welcome to my class!Before class, I ask you some question: Do you hear of the greenhouse effect? What kind of gas caused by the greenhouse effect? What knows the answer? Carbon dioxide.What important properties of carbon dioxide? This class, We learn the properties of carbon dioxidetegether.1.Physical properties of carbon dioxideFirstly,we learn about the physical properties of carbon dioxide. This bottle filled with carbon dioxide. Look carefully. What state is it? It is gas. What color is it? It is colorless. How about the density of carbon dioxide. With this question,let us look at the media. Tie two similar size small paper bags to both sides of a thin wood rod. Tie a thin rope to the middle of the wood rod to maintain balance ,and tie the other side of the rop to an ion supporting stand. Pour carbon dioxide quickly into one of the small paper bags. What happens. The two paper bags still balance? The bag filled with carbon dioxide is tilted. It show carbon dioxide has a higher density than air. Carbon dioxide has a density of 1.977 g/L, about 1.5 times than of air.Can the Carbon dioxide dissolve in water? Let us do an experiment. This bottle filled with carbon dioxide. This is water. Now, I pour the water into bottle, tighen the lid and shock it. Look carefully, what happen? The bottle defate. It shows that Carbon dioxide can dissole in water.2.Chemical properties of carbon dioxideNow, let us do an experiment. Put the candle on the bottle, lit it. Pour into carbon dioxide. Pay attention to what happens to the burning candle. The candle goes out. This experiment shows carbondioxide does not burn, nor help burning.Finally, take a summary. By the class, we know physical properties : carbon dioxide is a colorless gas, has a higher density than air, can dissolve in water;Chemical properties: does not burn and doesn’t help burning.My class is over. thanks your listening。
二氧化碳化学利用 英文
二氧化碳化学利用英文The Chemical Utilization of Carbon Dioxide.Carbon dioxide, a common gas found in our atmosphere, has a wide range of chemical applications that span across various industries. Its chemical properties and reactivity have made it a crucial component in numerous processes, contributing significantly to our daily lives.One of the primary uses of carbon dioxide is in the production of carbonated beverages. When carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, it forms carbonic acid, which gives the characteristic fizziness to beverages like soda and beer. This process not only enhances the taste of these beverages but also acts as a preservative, extending their shelf life.Another significant application of carbon dioxide is in the field of fire extinguishment. Carbon dioxide is a non-flammable and non-conductive gas, making it an ideal agent for suppressing fires, especially those involvingelectrical equipment. Its dense nature excludes oxygen from the fire, thus starving it of the oxygen necessary for combustion.In the metallurgical industry, carbon dioxide is employed as a protective gas during steelmaking. It prevents the oxidation of molten iron by reacting with the oxygen present in the air, ensuring the purity and quality of the steel produced.The chemical industry also relies heavily on carbon dioxide. It is used as a reactant in the production of various chemicals such as urea, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and alcohols. These chemicals find applications in various sectors, ranging from agriculture to pharmaceuticals.Another intriguing application of carbon dioxide is in the field of soil amelioration. By injecting carbon dioxide into the soil, it can enhance the soil structure, promoting plant growth and increasing crop yields. This process effectively acts as a carbon fertilizer, contributing to sustainable agriculture practices.Moreover, in the oil industry, carbon dioxide is used as a displacement agent in oil recovery. By injecting carbon dioxide into oil wells, it can help displace the oil trapped in the reservoir, thus increasing the efficiency of oil extraction.Additionally, carbon dioxide has the potential to be converted into valuable fuels such as methane, ethane, and methanol through chemical reactions. This conversion not only provides alternative energy sources but also helps in mitigating the emissions of greenhouse gases.Furthermore, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies are being developed to reduce its atmospheric concentration. By capturing carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and storing them underground or under the seabed, CCS technologies can contribute to mitigating climate change and reducing the impact of anthropogenic emissions.In conclusion, the chemical utilization of carbondioxide is diverse and widespread, spanning across various industries. Its reactivity and unique properties make it a crucial component in numerous processes, contributing significantly to our daily lives. As we continue to explore new ways to harness the potential of carbon dioxide, it is essential to consider the sustainability and environmental impact of these applications to ensure a sustainable future.。
超临界二氧化碳染色 英文
超临界二氧化碳染色英文全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：Supercritical carbon dioxide is a state of carbon dioxide where it is held at a temperature and pressure above its critical point. In this state, carbon dioxide exhibits both gas-like and liquid-like properties, making it an ideal medium for dyeing fabrics. When carbon dioxide is pressurized to a supercritical state, it becomes a highly efficient solvent for dyes, allowing them to penetrate deep into the fabric fibers without the need for additional chemicals.第二篇示例：The process of supercritical CO2 dyeing involves using carbon dioxide in its supercritical state as the dyeing medium. In this state, CO2 has properties of both a liquid and a gas, allowing it to penetrate the fibers of the textile and dissolve the dye molecules. The supercritical CO2 can then be easily removed from the textile, leaving behind a beautifully dyed fabric without the need for rinsing or drying.第三篇示例：Traditional textile dyeing processes often involve the use of large quantities of water, energy, and chemicals, which can have a significant impact on the environment. In contrast, supercritical CO2 dyeing uses carbon dioxide in its supercritical state as the dyeing medium, eliminating the need for water and reducing the use of chemicals. This process not only reduces the environmental footprint of dyeing but also offers several other advantages.第四篇示例：Another benefit of SCCO2 dyeing is its reduced chemical usage. Traditional dyeing processes utilize a variety of chemicals, such as surfactants, fixing agents, and mordants, to achieve the desired color. These chemicals can be harmful to the environment and to the health of workers in the textile industry. SCCO2 dyeing eliminates the need for many of these chemicals, making it a safer and more eco-friendly option for dyeing textiles.。
物理和化学性质英语作文
物理和化学性质英语作文1. The physical properties of water include its high boiling point and specific heat capacity, which make it an excellent solvent and a key component in many biological processes.2. When it comes to chemical properties, water is known for its ability to undergo both acid-base reactions and oxidation-reduction reactions, making it essential for sustaining life and supporting various chemical processes.3. The physical properties of carbon dioxide includeits odorless and colorless nature, as well as its ability to sublimate from a solid to a gas at room temperature, making it useful in various industrial processes.4. On the chemical side, carbon dioxide is known forits role in photosynthesis and its ability to form carbonic acid in water, contributing to the regulation of pH levels in the environment.5. The physical properties of sodium chloride, or table salt, include its high melting and boiling points, as well as its crystalline structure, making it a versatile compound in various industries.6. In terms of chemical properties, sodium chloride is known for its ability to dissociate into sodium andchloride ions in water, making it essential for maintaining electrolyte balance in the body and supporting nerve and muscle function.。
二氧化碳对地球的影响英语作文
二氧化碳对地球的影响英语作文英文回答：Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that has asignificant impact on Earth's climate. When carbon dioxideis released into the atmosphere, it traps heat and prevents it from escaping into space. This warming effect is knownas the greenhouse effect.The primary source of carbon dioxide emissions is the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These fuels are used to generate electricity, power vehicles, and heat homes and businesses. Deforestation, the clearing of forests, is another major source of carbon dioxide emissions. When trees are cut down, they releasethe carbon dioxide that they have stored in their trunksand leaves.The increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are causing a number of negative impacts onEarth. These impacts include:Rising global temperatures: The greenhouse effect is causing the Earth's average temperature to rise. This warming is leading to a number of changes in the climate, including more extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and wildfires.Melting glaciers and sea ice: The rising temperatures are causing glaciers and sea ice to melt. This is leading to sea level rise, which is threatening coastal communities and ecosystems.Ocean acidification: The increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are also causing the oceans to become more acidic. This is harmful to marine life, especially shellfish and corals.The impacts of carbon dioxide emissions are a serious threat to human health and well-being. It is important to take action to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.中文回答：二氧化碳对地球的影响。
压缩二氧化碳储能英语
压缩二氧化碳储能英语一、单词1.pression [kəmˈpreʃn]- 释义：n. 压缩；压榨；压抑- 用法：常与of连用，表示“……的压缩”，如thepression of gas （气体的压缩）。
- 例句：Thepression of the spring stores potential energy.（弹簧的压缩储存了势能。
）2. carbon dioxide [ˈkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd]- 释义：二氧化碳- 用法：可作主语、宾语等，在科学、环境等话题中常用。
- 例句：Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.（二氧化碳是一种温室气体。
）3. energy storage [ˈenədʒi ˈstɔːrɪdʒ]- 释义：储能- 用法：可作名词短语，如The development of energy storage technology is very important.（储能技术的发展非常重要。
） - 例句：Energy storage can help to balance the power grid.（储能有助于平衡电网。
）二、短语1.pressed carbon dioxide- 释义：压缩二氧化碳- 用法：可作主语、宾语等，例如：Compressed carbon dioxide can be used for various purposes.（压缩二氧化碳可用于多种用途。
） - 例句：The container is filled withpressed carbon dioxide.（容器里装满了压缩二氧化碳。
）2. carbon dioxidepression system- 释义：二氧化碳压缩系统- 用法：在描述二氧化碳压缩相关设备或技术时使用，如The carbon dioxidepression system needs regular maintenance.（二氧化碳压缩系统需要定期维护。
二氧化碳结合力的英文缩写
二氧化碳结合力的英文缩写The abbreviation "CO₂" stands for carbon dioxide, a colorless and odorless gas that plays a crucial role in various fields, ranging from environmental sciences to biomedical applications. Among its many properties, carbon dioxide's binding capacity, often referred to as its buffering capacity, is particularly noteworthy. This capacity refers to the ability of carbon dioxide to react with water to form carbonic acid, which in turn can ionize to produce bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. This process plays a vital role in maintaining the acid-base balance in both the environment and biological systems.In the environmental context, carbon dioxide's binding capacity is integral to the carbon cycle, which regulates the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. Plants and algae absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, converting it into organic matter. Animals and plants then respire this organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. The buffering capacity of carbon dioxide helps to stabilize thepH of the atmosphere, preventing acidification that could potentially harm ecological systems.In the biomedical field, carbon dioxide's binding capacity is equally important. The bicarbonate buffering system, which involves the conversion of carbon dioxideinto bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, is a crucial mechanism for maintaining the pH balance of the blood and other bodily fluids. This balance is essential for cellular metabolism and function. Deviations from the normal pH range can lead to various pathologies, including acidosis and alkalosis.In addition to its buffering capacity, carbon dioxide also plays a role in regulating blood flow and blood pressure. Inhalation of carbon dioxide causes vasodilation, which widens the blood vessels, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. This effect is exploited in clinical settings to treat conditions such as glaucoma, by increasing the flow of blood to the eye.Carbon dioxide's binding capacity also finds applications in industrial processes. For instance, it is used in the production of carbonated beverages, where itreacts with water to form carbonic acid, imparting the characteristic fizziness. Carbon dioxide is also employed in enhanced oil recovery processes, where it is injected into oil wells to increase the flow of oil to the surface. In conclusion, the binding capacity of carbon dioxide, while often overlooked, is a crucial aspect of its role in maintaining the balance of our environment and biological systems. Its significance extends across multiple fields, from environmental sciences to biomedical applications, where it plays a pivotal role in regulating pH, blood flow, and industrial processes. Understanding and harnessing the potential of carbon dioxide's binding capacity could lead to new and innovative solutions in addressing environmental and health challenges.**二氧化碳结合力：在环境科学与生物医学应用中的重要性** “CO₂”这一缩写代表二氧化碳，这是一种无色无味的气体，在环境科学和生物医学应用等多个领域都发挥着至关重要的作用。
二氧化碳制冷英语
二氧化碳制冷英语English:Carbon dioxide (CO2) is commonly used in refrigeration systems due to its properties as a natural refrigerant and its low environmental impact. In these systems, CO2 undergoes a cycle of compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation to absorb heat from the surroundings and maintain a cold environment. The process starts with the compression of gaseous CO2, increasing its pressure and temperature. The high-pressure CO2 then moves to the condenser, where it releases heat and condenses into a liquid state. This liquid CO2 then goes through an expansion valve, which reduces its pressure and causes it to evaporate, absorbing heat from the surroundings in the process. The low-pressure CO2 gas returns to the compressor, and the cycle repeats. One of the key advantages of using CO2 as a refrigerant is its low Global Warming Potential (GWP) compared to traditional refrigerants like hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) or chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Additionally, CO2 is non-toxic, non-flammable, and widely available, making it a sustainable choice for refrigeration applications.中文翻译:二氧化碳（CO2）常用于制冷系统，因为它是一种天然制冷剂，对环境影响较低。
Carbondioxideflooding
Carbon dioxide floodingCarbon dioxide flooding technology simply means injecting carbon dioxide into the oil layer to increase the production rate. The international energy agency estimates that the world has about 300 billion to 600 billion barrels of co2 to be developed. Because carbon dioxide is a kind of oil and water solubility are high gas, when it is a large amount of dissolved in crude oil, can make the volume expansion, viscosity of crude oil drops, can also reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. Compared with other oil repellent technology, the carbon dioxide drive has the advantage of large application scope, low oil displacement cost and high oil production rate. The technology will not only meet the development needs of oil fields, but also solve the problem of storing carbon dioxide and protect the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide flooding is a mature oil recovery technology. According to incomplete statistics, there are nearly 80 co2 flooding projects around the world. The United States is a country with the largest co2 flooding project, injection reservoir of carbon dioxide each year is about 20 million ~ 30 million tons, 3 million tons of waste gas from coal gasification plant and fertilizer plant. According to "China continental developed oil field to improve oil recovery second potential evaluation and development strategy research" as a result, the carbon dioxide in oil exploration in our country has a great application potential. China has proven reserves of 6.32 billion tons of low permeability reservoirs of oil, especially around 50% of unused reserves, using co2 flooding than water flooding has more obvious technical advantage. Can be predicted that with the development of the technology to improve and the expansion of the application scope, carbon dioxide will become our country to improve the oilfielddevelopment effect, the important resources to enhance oil recovery.The potential for carbon sequestrationScientists believe that carbon capture and sequestration technologies could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and control global warming, and have broad applications. Through carbon capture and storage technology of liquefied carbon dioxide can be injected into the depths of the earth, will stay in the water or to be dissolved in water, can also combine with coal and other minerals, or after thousands of years, together with other rocks, forming stable carbonate.According to a report released by the international carbon sequestration leader BBS, carbon capture and sequestration can reduce carbon dioxide emissions within a wide range of areas. Europe and North America has done a lot of carbon dioxide capture and sequestration project prophase work, such as cutting carbon dioxide capture cost technology and developing new combustion method, evaluated the seal ability, and studied the structure in the 1000 years of carbon sequestration in storage layer, has developed to be sequestering carbon monitoring and identification technology for a long time. It is estimated that the world will be able to seal more than 11 billion tons of carbon dioxide annually compared to the 24 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emitted annually.Sequestering co2 increases the recovery of oil fieldsAt present most of the oilfield by water injection developmentin the world, facing the need to further improve oil recovery and water shortage problem, the abroad in recent years to develop research and development and application of co2 flooding to improve oil recovery technology. The technology will not only meet the needs of oil fields, but also solve the storage of carbon dioxide and protect the atmosphere. This technique is not only suitable for conventional oil reservoirs, but also suitable for low permeability and low permeability reservoirs, which can obviously improve the oil recovery. In 2006, the United States increased its recovery programs by 153 percent, of which 82 were in the carbon-dioxide drive. The international energy agency estimates that the world has about 300 billion to 600 billion barrels of carbon-dioxide flooding.By injecting carbon dioxide into the reservoir of energy failure, the recovery of oil and gas fields has become the consensus of many countries in the world. More than 90% of carbon dioxide is used to improve recovery. When the carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, the viscosity of the water can be increased by 20% ~ 30%, and the migration performance is increased by two to three times. After carbon dioxide dissolved in the oil, crude oil volume expansion, viscosity reduced by 30% ~ 80%, reduce oil-water interfacial tension, is conducive to improve the efficiency of oil production rate, wash oil and residual oil collecting. The carbon dioxide drive generally increases the recovery rate by 7% ~ 15% and extends the production life of the oil well for 15 to 20 years. Source of carbon dioxide from industrial facilities such as power plants, chemical fertilizer plants, cement plants, chemical plants, oil refineries, natural gas processing plant, such as emissions of recycling, can not only realize the climate warmingemissions of greenhouse gases, and can achieve the purpose of increasing oil and gas.A report released in early March 2006 by the U.S. department of energy shows that future oil recovery in the United States is expected to improve through the adoption of carbon dioxide injection technology. By injecting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere into the atmosphere, the report said, the total of 21.4 billion barrels of proven oil reserves could eventually increase by more than 89bn barrels.The Norwegian petroleum authority study says carbon dioxide is needed to build pipes that deliver carbon dioxide to oil fields.The cost of recovering oil is estimated at $30 to $33 a barrel.The practice and prospect of carbon dioxide flooding in ChinaCarbon dioxide has huge application potential in our oil exploration. According to "China continental developed oilfield to improve recovery efficiency of the second potential evaluation and development strategy research" as a result, the participation in the evaluation of reserves of 10.136 billion tons of conventional thin oil fields, is suitable for the crude oil reserves of about 1.23 billion tons of co2 flooding, is expected to use carbon dioxide flooding can increase the recoverable reserves of about 160 million tons. In addition, for our country has proven reserves of 6.32 billion tons of low permeability reservoirs of oil, especially around 50% of unused reserves, co2 flooding than water flooding has more obvious technical advantage. However, the technology of carbon dioxideflooding has not yet become the dominant technology for research and application in China. Can predict, with the development of technology and the expansion of application scope, carbon dioxide will become our country to improve the oilfield development effect, the important resources to enhance oil recovery.China has done a lot of research on the technology of carbon dioxide flooding. For example, the petrochina daqing oil field USES a by-product of the refinery's hydrogen-high purity carbon dioxide, which is used as a by-product of the carbon dioxide immiscible field experiment. Although the mine field test due to reservoir heterogeneity affects the gas channeling of sweep efficiency, but on the whole, or made to reduce the effect of moisture content and enhance oil recovery. Zhongyuan oilfield petroleum chemical co., LTD. Has built a facility to produce liquid carbon dioxide from refining waste gas, and its annual production capacity is 20,000 tons. The carbon dioxide will all be used for carbon dioxide flooding in zhongyuan oilfield, which is expected to increase the yield of crude oil by 15% to 20% and produce more than 50,000 tons of oil per year.Victory for the ultra heavy oil reservoir of shengli oil drilling, oil production r&d success is given priority to with steam stimulation, carbon dioxide gas production is complementary, surface active agent for profile control agent of the new technology of comprehensive thermal recovery, field test application received good results. Shengli oilfield, ultra heavy oil reservoir large viscosity, burial depth, since 2005, win oil recovery courtyard and oil development center, in 411, zheng T826 etc, this area began to co2 assisted steamstimulation test, combining carbon dioxide and water vapour is first used in thermal recovery, and the more developed on the basis of an in-depth theoretical study, constantly improve the level of form a complete set of thermal recovery technology. Its application in zheng 411 - P2 well integrated thermal recovery processes, injecting liquid carbon dioxide 200 tons, 1980 tons of steam, nissan on average 22.5 tons of oil, the peak of 43 tons, cycle produces 1983 tons of oil, oil and gas ratio is 0.91.Major breakthroughs were made in the victory oil fieldCarbon dioxide (co2) being pumped into oil layer, about 50% to 60% is permanently sealed underground, the remaining 40% to 50% in oil field associated gas to return to the ground, through oil associated gas carbon dioxide capture and purification, carbon dioxide from the associated gas can be recycled, on-site reinjection displacement.Carbon dioxide is known to be the "main culprit" of climate change and even serious natural disasters. But in shengli oilfield, major breakthroughs were made in application of co2 flooding, preliminary realized large-scale application, make its "heaven harm" into "into the ground to treasure".Carbon dioxide has unique properties and is easily supercritical. Changes in a supercritical state, its nature, its close to liquid density, viscosity to gas, liquid diffusion coefficient for 100 times, has great ability to dissolve.At present, a large part of shengli oilfield is low osmotic oilpool, like fine grindstone, "no water, no oil". The special properties of the carbon dioxide is very suitable for low permeability reservoir development, oil dissolved carbon dioxide, liquidity, and will improve, reservoir properties and rheology can improve oil displacement efficiency and enhance oil recovery.In 2007, sinopec established an early pilot test of an 89-1 carbon dioxide drive in shengli oilfield. The injection of carbon dioxide increased production of the corresponding five production Wells, and the production of the oil in the well group increased from 31.6 tons to 42.1 tons, adding 7,500 tons of oil. Among them, the output of the high 89-9 Wells increased by a factor of 4.5 tonnes a day before the injection, up to the current level of 9 tonnes.Carbon dioxide (co2) being pumped into oil layer, about 50% to 60% is permanently sealed underground, the remaining 40% to 50% in oil field associated gas to return to the ground, through oil associated gas carbon dioxide capture and purification, carbon dioxide from the associated gas can be recycled, on-site reinjection displacement, further reducing the cost of co2 flooding, also make such difficult producing reserves of low permeability oil reservoirs into high quality reserves.China's coal electricity accounts for over 70% of the total installed power generation, providing 80% of our country's electricity generation. The calculations suggest that burning a tonne of coal will emit an average of 2.6 tonnes of carbon dioxide. As a result,Will be used for the carbon dioxide from the flue gas purification after capture injected underground oil field oil displacement, can not only reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and to improve oil recovery, economic and social benefits are very significant. The research and practice shows that the oil recovery can improve the recovery of oil field from 10% to 20%.The data shows that China's low osmotic oil reservoirs are about 6.32 billion tons, with around 50% unused. The average recovery rate is only 23.3% due to technical constraints. For high ooze water drive reservoir, also can further improve oil recovery by injecting carbon dioxide, zhongyuan oilfield PuCheng water drive waste oil reservoir is a test of co2 flooding back to life.In shengli oilfield, suitable for co2 flooding of low permeability oilfield reserves reached more than 200 million tons, if all adopt co2 flooding development, may consume 3 million tons of carbon dioxide a year, can improve the oil recovery by 10% to 15%, recoverable reserves is estimated to increase by 33 million tons to 33 million tons, co2 injection demand will reach 100 million tons.Victory power plant 1 million tons/year of flue gas carbon dioxide capture and purification project, after the completion of will become the world's largest carbon dioxide capture thermal power plants, the use of storage project, mass on displacement with carbon dioxide for the shengli oilfield provides a stable air source protection and technical guarantee.A significant increase in the oil and gas reserves issignificantIn the traditional sense, many low osmosis reservoirs are difficult to use, but the method of using carbon-dioxide flooding could be a good reserve. "Primary energy is given priority to with coal in our country, this is our real national conditions, there can be no significant changes in the short term. This determines the machine structure of China's electric power is given priority to with coal, accounts for more than 70% of the entire power-generation, provides 80% of the electricity of our country." "Said hu zhaoguang, deputy dean of the national institute of energy research. It is hard to ignore that the power structure, which is dominated by coal, has brought considerable environmental pressure. The calculations suggest that burning a tonne of coal will emit an average of 2.6 tonnes of carbon dioxide. "Coal-fired power plants are big emitters of carbon dioxide, and emissions account for a significant proportion." The deputy chief engineer of nanhua research institute, MAO songbai. "Will, therefore, after the capture carbon dioxide from the flue gas purification injected underground for oil field oil displacement, can not only reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and to improve the oil recovery, economic benefit and social benefit is very significant. Research and practice show that co2 flooding can increase oil recovery by 10% to 10%." "Mr. Zhang said. With the increase of exploration and development of onshore oil fields, low permeability reservoirs have become important reserve positions in China's oilfields. "In the traditional sense, a lot of low permeability reservoirs are difficult to use, but if you take the method of carbon-dioxide flooding, it could be a good reserve." "Said hu fengtao, deputydirector of the oil field at sinopec. The data shows that China's low osmotic oil reservoirs are about 6.32 billion tons, with around 50% unused. The average recovery rate is only 23.3% due to technical constraints. Hu Fengtao introduction, for high ooze water drive reservoir, also can further improve oil recovery by injecting carbon dioxide, zhongyuan oilfield PuCheng water drive waste reservoir is through the test of co2 flooding. According to the knowledge, the water drive in pucheng of zhongyuan oilfield has been integrated with water for 14 years for more than 98 percent, and the water drive development has no economic value. In June 2008, the co2 flooding test was carried out, with the production of the well set up from 0.6 tons to 15.9 tons. As of march this year, the cumulative injection of 1.230,000 tons of carbon dioxide and a cumulative total of 3272.7 tons of oil was expected to increase the recovery rate of the well group by 7.9%. He said, such as co2 flooding in high water cut reservoir in zhongyuan oilfield application, will cover the geological reserves of 300 million tons, is expected to increase recoverable reserves from 20 million to 30 million tons. Zeng-lin wang thought, the use of thermal power plants capture and purification of flue gas flooding technology belongs to the carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), with carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), compared to carbon dioxide utilization can produce economic benefits, a more practical operability.。
二氧化碳实验作文400字
二氧化碳实验作文400字Carbon dioxide experiment essay二氧化碳实验作文Today, we conducted an experiment to explore the properties of carbon dioxide.今天，我们进行了一个实验，探索二氧化碳的性质。
We began by collecting carbon dioxide from a chemical reaction. 我们首先通过一个化学反应收集二氧化碳。
Carefully, we poured the gas into a test tube and observed its behavior.我们小心翼翼地将气体倒入试管中，观察它的表现。
Immediately, we noticed that the gas was colorless and odorless. 我们立刻注意到这种气体是无色无味的。
Next, we tested its solubility in water.接下来，我们测试了它在水中的溶解度。
By adding the gas to a jar of water, we observed that it formed bubbles and gradually dissolved.我们将气体加入装有水的罐子中，观察到它形成了气泡并逐渐溶解。
This indicated that carbon dioxide is soluble in water.这表明二氧化碳可溶于水。
Furthermore, we conducted an experiment to investigate carbon dioxide's effect on fire.此外，我们还进行了一个实验，研究二氧化碳对火的影响。
Using a candle and a jar filled with carbon dioxide, we observed that the flame was extinguished when the gas was poured over it. 我们使用蜡烛和装满二氧化碳的罐子，观察到当气体倒在火焰上时，火焰熄灭了。
cabon_dioxide
THE USE OF CARBON DIOXIDE ANAESTHESIA BEFORE SLAUGHTERAdvantages from using carbon dioxide anaesthesia1. All the animals are rendered unconscious before slaughter2. Improved meat quality3. More accurate sticking4. Improved blood recoveryWhat does anaesthesia mean?Anaesthesia is a reversible state, characterized by unconsciousness and painlessness, in which respiration and circulation are intact and unwanted reflexes are abolished.IntroductionThe anaesthetic properties of carbon dioxide have been known for more than 150 years. Carbon dioxide is present in all living organisms, and it is the main waste product from the metabolism of food. Carbon dioxide is eliminated from the body through the lungs, and the expired air normally contains 4%.Carbon dioxide was used extensively in the U.S.A. in the 1950ties as an anaesthetic in hospitals and clinics, and among other indications were deliveries. In 1952, Hormel Inc. U.S.A., developed a method for anaesthetizing pigs with carbon dioxide before slaughter, and today this is the usual method employed in Danish slaughterhouses.Course of events during carbon dioxide anaesthesia in a Compact PlantCarbon dioxide is heavier than atmospheric air, so high concentrations can be obtained in a pit below the level of the floor. In a Compact Plant, the pigs are anaesthetized within one minute by exposure to around 35% carbon dioxide mixed with atmospheric air for 15 seconds, 70 to 75% for 30 seconds, and 35% for the last 15 seconds. The typical reaction from the animals is, that they stay calm for the first 10 to 15 seconds. Then a stage of excitation develops, lasting 5 to 7 seconds and during this stage, some of the animals have vigorous muscle movements. At the end of this stage the animals are immobilized, and at 30 seconds the cornea reflex is lost, indicating deep anaesthesia. Within one minute the pigs are thus relaxed and in deep anaesthesia, and they remain relaxed and anaesthetized for about half a minute after leaving the Compact Plant. If the animals are not slaughtered, they wake up and walk around after a few minutes.Stages of anaesthesiaTwo stages of anaesthesia must be passed through, to reach the 3rd stage, which is the stage used for surgical operations and the stage which is obtained in the Compact Plant. These stages are characterized in the following way:1. Analgesia stage: disappearance of pain sensation – loss of memory2. Excitation stage: loss of consciousness – uncontrolled movements3. Anaesthesia stage: relaxation and intact respiration and circulation.These stages are seen during inhalational anaesthesia as the depth of anaesthesia increases, and during anaesthesia in the Compact Plant similar stages develop. The 2nd stage, the stage of excitation, is an inherent part of anaesthesia with all inhalational anaesthetic agents. Form the vast experience with anaesthesia of humans, we know, that patients never complain of having experienced this stage, and it is a generally accepted fact, that the consciousness is lost at the start of the stage of excitation.Method of actionThe different parts of the central nervous system show different sensitivity to inhalational anaesthetics, and this is the reason for the different stages, which is also observed during carbon dioxide anaesthesia. But, while the method of action of the usual anaesthetics is depression of signal transmission due to expansion of the cell membrane of the nerve cell, carbon dioxide anaesthesia is caused by a certain acidification of the nervous system. When the pH in the brain changes from 7,35 to 6,8, anaesthesia is obtained, independent of the concentration of carbon dioxide. The brain is usually very well protected against such a severe acidosis, because the blood-brain barrier prevents acids from reaching the brain, but carbon dioxide can readily pass the blood-brain barrier.The uptake of carbon dioxideThe transport of carbon dioxide to the brain has two steps: through the airways to the alveoli in the lung, and with the blood from the alveoli to the brain. The first step is delayed because the inspired mixture is diluted by the 3 liters of air in the lungs, and the second step is delayed by the transit time of the blood from the lungs, through the hearth of the brain. The delay from the two steps together is approximately 10 seconds, and corresponds to the period during which the animals stay calm and unaffected by the inhaled mixture. This indicates that the animals do not perceive any peripheral irritation from the carbon dioxide, as no reaction is seen, until the anaesthetic reaches the brain.The uptake is profoundly influenced by the high diffusion rate of carbon dioxide, which is 20 times higher than the diffusion rate of oxygen. This high diffusion rate has two effects:1. after the first few breaths, the uptake into the blood is so fast, about 400 ml/mmHg/min., that 30 to 60 liters of carbon dioxide is passively sucked into the lungsduring the first minute of exposure to the high concentrations of 35 to 75%.2. the difference in diffusion rate between oxygen and carbon dioxide has the effect,that the concentration of oxygen in the lungs increases above the inspired oxygenconcentration, because the carbon dioxide part of the mixture is removed much fasterthan the oxygen part.In a mixture containing 70% carbon dioxide and 30% atmospheric air, the oxygen concentration is only 6,3% and it would be expected, that the animals would become cyanotic due to lack of oxygen. Cyanosis is normally seen when oxygen concentrations lower than 10 to 11% are inhaled, but in fact, after one minute’s anaesthesia in a Compact Plant, the animals are not cyanotic and do not have any lack of oxygen because the carbon dioxide is removed so much faster from the lungs than the oxygen.Physiologic responsesDuring anaesthesia with carbon dioxide, the hearth rate, the blood pressure and the respiration is increased. All three factors increase the efficiency of exsanguination. Contrary to electroshock-stunning, carbon dioxide anaesthesia is performed without vigorous struggle and convulsions, and accordingly shoulder-fractures, broken backs and hams are avoided, and the accompanying bleeding and miscolouring in the muscles are minimal.Speed of induction with carbon dioxideWhy is the induction so fast, that animals weighing several hundreds of kilograms become anaesthetized and relaxed within one minute? The first reason is the high diffusion rate, resulting in large volumes of carbon dioxide being sucked into the lungs. The second reason is, that 80% of the cardiac output is supplying the brain, the hearth, the liver and the kidneys, i.e. comprisingabout 10% only of total body weight. The third reason is the direct access of the anaesthetic to the brain through the blood-brain barrier. Accordingly, the recovery from carbon dioxide anaesthesia is also very fast.Meat quality and pHInvestigations comparing the pH of meat after stunning with high and low voltage with that following carbon dioxide anaesthesia, have not shown any difference in meat pH values with the three different methods. The incidence of PSE meat was four times higher with electro-shock stunning. The bacteriological counts on the skin side of the meat was significantly lower and the meat quality after storage was higher with carbon dioxide anesthesia.Animal WelfareDoes carbon dioxide anaesthesia infringe upon the regulations for animal welfare? Several thousands of patients have experienced a similar anaesthesia, and in a few cases some persons have by accident been anaesthetized exactly like the animals. One of the persons, who had become fully anaesthetized in a slaughter-house, had this comment after waking up: “it’s a nice way to go”. Patients anaesthetized for delivery were asked about their opinion on anaesthesia with carbon dioxide, and 92% were “very satisfied” or “satisfied”. This anaesthesia was even preferred to chloroform anaesthesia. Of course, concentration and time is critical as with other anaesthesia. If conditions are not regulated properly, bad results and complications will of course be the consequence.ConclusionCarbon dioxide is a normal component of the body, and it can rapidly produce a reversible preslaughter anaesthesia without any symptoms of oxygen lack. The meat quality is improved, as fractures and bleedings are avoided. This type of anaesthesia has been well tolerated by humans.The Scientific Sub-Committee of the University for Animal Welfare has concluded, that the method is a humane way of rendering pigs unconscious.Niels Lombolt, M.D.Assistant ProfessorDpt. of PharmacologyUniversity of CopenhagenLiteratureHickmann, H.H. (1828): cit. Mc. Quacker, Anesth. Analg.; 8,1,1929Leake, C.D. and Waters, R.M.: The anesthetic properties of carbon dioxide J.Pharm.Exp.-Ther., 33,280-81, 1928Poulsen, T.: Investigations in the anaesthetic properties of carbon dioxide. Acta Pharm.Tox.,8.30-46, 1952Slater, L.E.: Hormel perfects painless kill. Food Eng., 10,90-92, 1952Spalding, J.: Humaneness of producing unconsciousness in pigs with CO2. Report from the Scientific Subcommittee of UFAW.1957Blomquist, S.M.: Die CO2-Methode zur Betäubung von Schlachtschweinen. Fleischwirtsch. 9,750-52, 1957Wernberg, N.E.: Anlagen für die CO2-Betäubung von Schlachtwchweinen, Fleischwirtsch. 9,752-56, 1957Mac Rae, L.D.: Carbon dioxide in obstetrics. in Carbon dioxide therapy. L.J. Meduna ed. Illinois, 1958.Mullenax, C.H. and Dougherty, R.W.: Physiologic responses of swine to high concentrations of inhaled carbon dioxide. Am.J.Vet.Res., 24,329-33, 1963Taber, R.I. and Banuazizi, A.: CO2-induced amnesia in a one-trial learning situation. Psychopharmacol. (Berl.), 9.382-91, 1966Eisele, J.H., Eger, E.I. and Muallem, M.: Narcotic properties of carbon dioxide in the dog. Anesthesiology, 28,856-65, 1967Mattson, J.L., Stinson, J.M. and Clark, C.S.: Electroencephalographic power-spectral changes coincident with onset of carbon dioxide narcosis in rhesus monkey. Am.J.Vet.Res., 33,2043-49, 1972Libby, J.A.: Meat hygiene, Lea & Fibiger, 1975Dodman, N.H.: Observations on the use of the Wernberg dip-lift carbon dioxide apparatus for pre-slaughter anaesthesia of pigs. Br.vet.J., 133,71-80, 1977Abel, H.H. and Bartling, H.: Narkose mit Kohlendioxyd für kurz dauernde Eingriffe bei kleinen Versuchstieren. Z. Versuchstierk., 20,132-36, 1978Wernberg, N.E.: New type of carbon dioxide pig immobilizer in Danish bacon factories. Fleischwirtsch., 11,1816-18, 1878Lomholt, N.: Anasthesia of slaughter hogs with CO2: Anaesthesia or suffocation? Fleischwirtsch., 60,1646-52, 1980Nixon, W. and Pack, A.: Effect of altered gas diffusivity on alveolar gas exchange. J.Appl.Physiol. 48,147-53, 1980Wernberg, N.E.: Humane anaesthetization prior to slaughtering of pigs. Fleischwirtsch. 60,96-98, 1980Editorial: Molecular mechanisms of general anaesthesia, Lancet, 2,455-56, 1981Larsen, H.K.: Comparison of 300 volt stunning, 700 volt automatic stunning and CO2 Compact stunning with respect to quality parameters, blood splashing, fractures and meat quality, Danish Meat Research Institute, Roskilde, Denmark, 1982Lomholt, N.: CO2-Betäubung von Schlachtschweinen. Fleischwirtsch., 62,488-89, 1982 Grandin, T.: Visually evoked responses during slaughter. Vet.Rec., 116,423, 1985 Physiological Basis of Medical Practice. J.B. West ed. 11.ed. 575-76, 1985。
CO2
The History of CO2
• Carbon dioxide was one of the first gases to be described as a substance distinct from air • The properties of carbon dioxide were studied more thoroughly in the 1750s.
The Most Important Truth
It is true that CO2 is “the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas,” but a much more important greenhouse factor is the water naturally present in the atmosphere, which contributes some 95% to the total greenhouse effect.
The Four Basic IPCC Lies.
• (4) Various scare stories of global catastrophes are prophesied to occur if man-made CO2 emissions are not curbed by drastic political decisions. The obvious beneficial effects of warming for man and all the biosphere are downplayed.