chapter 3 values attitude and job satisfaction
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程BookIII-Unit1-Section B-The way to success
Background information
1. Who is Les Brown?
Tips
2. What is special education?
3. What is a DJ?
Tips
Tips
Background information
1. Who is Les Brown?
Tips
Les Brown is a motivational speaker, former Ohio politician, popular author, radio DJ, and former host of The Les Brown Show. As a politician, he is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives. As a motivational speaker, he uses the catch phrase, “It’s possible,” and teaches people to follow their dreams as he learned to do.
Section B
C h a n c e f avo r s t h e p r e p a r e d
Text study
Text comprehension
Language focus
Critical thinking
Questions previewing
1. Why was Les Brown placed in special education classes? (Para. 2) 2. What was the reaction of Les Brown’s friends when he was constantly practicing to realize his dream? (Para. 4) 3. Why did the station manager take on Les Brown to do small tasks at last? (Para.10) 4. How did Les Brown learn to work the controls in the studio? (Para. 11)
chapter 3 attitude and job satisfaction
Attitude Change Theory Heider’s Balance Theory
They emphasized the balance between attitudes.
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance
Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.
• Importance of the attitude • Specificity of the attitude • Accessibility of the attitude • Social pressures on the individual • Direct experience with the attitude
Value System
A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual’s values in terms of their intensity.
Importance of Values
Provide understanding of the attitudes, motivation, and behaviors of individuals and cultures. Influence our perception of the world around us. Represent interpretations of “right” and “wrong.” Imply that some behaviors or outcomes are preferred over others.
组织行为学 罗宾斯 12版本 第3章
Neglect
Allowing conditions to worsen
The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance
➢ Satisfaction and Productivity
– Satisfied workers are more productive AND more productive workers are more satisfied!
1. Job Satisfaction 2. Happiness 3. Job Involvement 4. Mood at work 5. Organizational Commitment 6. 1 and 2 7. 1, 3, and 5
Chapter Check-up: Attitudes
➢ Satisfaction and Turnover
– Satisfied employees are less likely to quit. – Organizations take actions to retain high performers
and to weed out lower performers.
Types of Attitudes, cont’d
Perceived Organizational Support (POS)
Degree to which employees feel the organization cares about their well-being
Employee Engagement
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive Dissonance
chapter-3-attitude-and-job-satisfaction
第6页，共32页。
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (example)
>=<
第7页，共32页。
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (example)
Organizational commitment
predictor
Job satisfaction predictor
turnover
第16页，共32页。
Another Major Job Attitude
➢ Organizational Commitment
– Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, while wishing to maintain membership in the organization.
Organizational Commitment
Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, and wishing to maintain membership in the organization.
第15页，共32页。
Types of Attitudes (Job-related attitudes)
– Has some relation to performance, especially for new employees. – Less important now than in past – now perhaps more of
Values、 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction(英文版)
family-secu, Freedom, happiness, self-respect, mature love responsible, honest, courageous, independent, capable
• activists
Equality,world of peace, family-s honest happiness courageous, helpful, courageous, responsible, capable
Values、 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction （英文版）
1.Concepts
• Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence
understanding of the cosmos as a whole
3.Types of values
(2)Roceach values survey(RVS)
• Terminal: Desirable end-states of existence; the
goals to pursue during one’s lifetime
• Importance: ying foundation for attitudes,
motivation via influencing perceptions; 2. Individuals are not value free, standard of behavior; aligning with the organization’s policy
组织行为学OB 期末复习题2
Chapter 3 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction1. Which of the following answer choices is the best definition of attitude?a. Attitudes indicate how one will react to a given event.b. Attitudes are the yardstick by which one measures one’sactions.c. Attitudes are the emotional part of an evaluation of someperson, object or event.d. Attitudes are evaluative statements of what one believesabout something or someone.e. Attitudes are a measure of how the worth of an object,person or event is evaluated.2. The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job,actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is _____.a. job satisfactionb. job involvementc. job stabilityd. organizational commitmente. social embeddedness3. _____ refers to an individual’s general attitude toward his or herjob.a. Job satisfactionb. Job involvementc. Job stabilityd. Organizational commitmente. Social investment4. Which of the following statements would have been most likelymade by an employee with a high degree of job involvement?a. “My skills make me exceptionally valuable to thecompany.”b. “I’m a harder worker than most of my colleagues, even tothe degree I am carrying some of the lazier ones.”c. “It felt great to get promoted; I guess the guys upstairsreally did appreciate the way I had been running things.”d. “I love my job, it is engaging, well-paid, and low pressureenough that I don’t have to be always worrying about it inmy time off.”e. “I enjoy working with my hands, so much so that on thedays when my job requires me to actually physically buildsomething time flies by without me even noticing it.”5. Organizational commitment is defined as _____.a. the degree to which an employee identifies with theorganization they work for and its goalsb. an employee’s belief that the organization they work forwill go to considerable lengths to ensure that itsemployees are treated fairlyc. the degree to which an employee’s sense of fulfillmentand self worth is related to their jobd. the amount of effort an employee will make in order tokeep or advance their position in an organizatione. the degree to which an employee believes their workimpacts their organization6. Of the following, the best predictor of turnover is _____.a. job satisfactionb. job involvementc. organizational commitmentd. cognitive dissonancee. affective dissonance7. Attending union meetings as a response to dissatisfaction wouldbe what type of response?a. exitb. voicec. loyaltyd. neglecte. reification8. Henry is dissatisfied with his job but believes that his supervisoris a good man who will do the right thing. Henry has decided that if he just waits, conditions will improve. Henry’s approach to this problem is termed _____.a. exitb. voicec. loyaltyd. neglecte. reificationTRUE/FALSET 1. There are three components of an attitude: cognition, affect, and behavior.T 2. According to Festinger, people seek consistency among their attitudes and their behaviors.。
georgejones5_ch03
3-4
©2007 Prentice Hall
The Nature of Values
Values are one’s personal convictions about what one should strive for in life and how one should behave
Work Values
©2007 Prentice Hall
3-7
Code of Ethics
A code of ethics is a set of formal rules and standards, based on ethical values and beliefs about what is right and wrong, that employees can use to make appropriate decisions when the interests of other individuals or groups are at stake
3-20
©2007 Prentice Hall
The Facet Model
Ability utilization Independence
Achievement
Activity Advancement Authority Company policies
Moral values
Values
(most stable)
Attitudes
(moderately stable)
Moods and Emotions
(most changing)
3-15
©2007 Prentice Hall
Exhibit 3.5 Determinants of Job Satisfaction
03-Value-Atti-JS
Variations
Controlling Doing Hierarchical
Individualistic Group
Conception of space Private Mixed Public -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Types of Values (1)
(Allport and Associates)
Theoretical----discovery of truth Economic----usefulness and practicalness Aesthetic----form and harmony Social----love of people Political----power and influence Religious----unity of experience and understanding
How Employees Can Express Dissatisfaction
Active
EXIT
VOICE
Destructive
NEGLECT LOYALTY
Constructive
Passive
Discussion
“The squeaky wheel gets the grease.” The saying may describe the situation in certain organizations. Dissatisfied employees--especially those who voice their dissatisfaction to their managers--often get undue attention. They may receive more communications, they may get preferential task assignments, they may get lighter workload, or they may receive newer equipment sooner. But note the ultimate irony here--while managers try hard to diminish the dissatisfaction of some employees, they may be simultaneously increasing the dissatisfaction of many others who feel that such “special” treatment is unfair. It appears that managers are in a dilemma. If they try to reduce dissatisfaction for some, they risk raising it for others. But if they ignore it in the few, it may become more intense and spread to others anyway. What would you recommend?
英语作文大学生初入职场的态度和选择
英语作文大学生初入职场的态度和选择As a college student entering the workplace for thefirst time, I believe it is important to approach this new phase of life with a positive and open-minded attitude. I am aware that the transition from university to the professional world may come with its own set of challenges, but I am ready to face them head-on and learn from the experiences that come my way.In terms of my attitude, I plan to be proactive and enthusiastic about my work. I understand that as a newcomer, I may not have all the necessary skills and experienceright away, but I am willing to put in the effort to learn and grow. I also believe in the value of teamwork and collaboration, and I am committed to being a supportive and reliable team member.When it comes to making choices in the workplace, Iintend to prioritize opportunities for growth and development. This may involve seeking out mentors and learning from more experienced colleagues, as well astaking on new challenges that will help me expand my skill set. I also recognize the importance of maintaining a work-life balance and will strive to make choices that support my overall well-being.Overall, I am entering the workplace with a humble and eager mindset, ready to contribute to the best of my abilities and embrace the learning opportunities that come my way.作为一名初次进入职场的大学生，我认为重要的是以积极和开放的态度面对这个新的生活阶段。
工作18法每章节读后感
工作18法每章节读后感英文回答：Chapter 1: Sharpen Your Attitude.This chapter emphasizes the importance of a positive attitude in the workplace. It teaches readers to develop a growth mindset, embrace challenges, and maintain a positive outlook even in difficult situations.Chapter 2: Master Your Skills.Continuous learning and skill development are crucial for career success. This chapter provides guidance on identifying areas for improvement, developing a learning plan, and seeking out opportunities for growth.Chapter 3: Build Strong Relationships.Networking and building strong relationships areessential for career advancement. This chapter teaches readers how to connect with colleagues, mentors, and clients, and how to leverage their relationships for mutual benefit.Chapter 4: Get Organized.Organization is key to productivity and efficiency in the workplace. This chapter provides practical tips on time management, task prioritization, and creating a productive workspace.Chapter 5: Plan for Success.Setting clear goals and developing a plan to achieve them is crucial for career growth. This chapter teaches readers how to create a vision for their future, break down goals into manageable steps, and track their progress.Chapter 6: Take Action.Taking action is essential for turning plans intoreality. This chapter encourages readers to step outside of their comfort zones, embrace risks, and take bold steps towards achieving their goals.Chapter 7: Persevere.Persistence is key to overcoming obstacles and achieving long-term success. This chapter teaches readers how to stay motivated, overcome setbacks, and never give up on their dreams.Chapter 8: Celebrate Your Successes.Acknowledging and celebrating successes is importantfor motivation and self-esteem. This chapter encourages readers to take time to reflect on their accomplishments and reward themselves for their hard work.Chapter 9: Seek Feedback.Constructive feedback is essential for continuous growth and improvement. This chapter teaches readers how toask for and receive feedback, and how to use it to develop their skills and enhance their performance.Chapter 10: Maintain a Work-Life Balance.Finding a healthy work-life balance is crucial for overall well-being and happiness. This chapter provides tips on setting boundaries, prioritizing self-care, and finding time for relaxation and personal interests.中文回答：第一章，端正你的态度。
英语作文选择工作时最看重的三点
文章标题The Three Most Crucial Aspects When Selecting a JobWhen it comes to choosing a job, there are numerous factors that individuals consider, ranging from salary and job security to work-life balance and career growth. However, amidst the plethora of considerations, three aspects stand out as the most crucial for many: alignment with personal interests and values, potential for professional growth, and the work environment and culture. Firstly, the alignment of a job with one's personal interests and values is paramount. A career that resonates with our passions and beliefs not only makes the daily grind more enjoyable but also fuels our motivation and engagement. It is essential to identify what truly matters to us and seek out opportunities that allow us to express these values and pursue our passions. Whether it's a deep interest in technology, a passion for helping others, or a commitment to environmental sustainability, finding a job that aligns with our interests and values can lead to a fulfilling and meaningful career.Secondly, the potential for professional growth is a key factor in job selection. Jobs that offer opportunities for advancement, learning, and skill development are attractive to those who value personal and career development. Whether it's through formal training, mentorship, or challenging projects, the ability to grow and evolve within a role is crucial for long-term satisfaction and success. A job that stagnates or lacks growth opportunities can quickly become unfulfilling, leading to dissatisfaction and even job turnover.Lastly, the work environment and culture are often overlooked but crucial aspects of job selection. A positive work environment can significantly enhance job satisfaction and performance, while a toxic culture can have the opposite effect. It's important to inquire about the company's values, communication style, and team dynamics to ensure that they align with our preferences and needs. A supportive and collaborative culture can foster creativity, innovation, and a sense of belonging, all of which contribute to a more fulfilling work experience.In conclusion, when choosing a job, it's essential to consider not only the superficial factors like salary andjob security but also the deeper aspects that impact our long-term satisfaction and success. Aligning our interests and values with our work, seeking out opportunities for professional growth, and choosing a positive work environment and culture are three crucial aspects that should be at the forefront of our decision-making process. By prioritizing these factors, we can increase our chancesof finding a job that not only pays the bills but alsofulfills us spiritually and emotionally.**选择工作时最看重的三点**在选择工作时，人们会考虑诸多因素，从薪资和工作保障到工作与生活平衡和职业成长等不一而足。
英语作文大学生初入职场的态度和选择
英语作文大学生初入职场的态度和选择Title: Attitude and Choices of College Students Entering the WorkplaceWith the increasing competition in the job market, college students are facing more challenges when entering the workplace. It is essential for them to develop a positive attitude and make wise choices in order to succeed in their careers. In this article, we will discuss the attitude and choices that college students should have when entering the workplace.First and foremost, college students should have a positive attitude towards entering the workplace. They should be eager to learn, adaptable to new environments, and open to new experiences. Having a positive attitude will not only help them cope with the challenges of the workplace but also enable them to build strong relationships with colleagues and superiors.Furthermore, college students should be proactive in seeking opportunities for growth and development. They should actively seek out internships, volunteer work, or part-time jobs to gain valuable experience and skills. By taking initiative and being proactive, they will stand out from other candidates and increase their chances of success in the workplace.In addition, college students should carefully consider their career choices and make informed decisions. They should research different industries, companies, and job roles to determine what aligns with their interests, values, and skills. It is important for them to choose a career path that they are passionate about and that offers opportunities for growth and advancement.Moreover, college students should be willing to take risks and step out of their comfort zones. They should not be afraid to challenge themselves, try new things, and take on new responsibilities. By taking calculated risks and pushing themselves out of their comfort zones, they will learn and grow both professionally and personally.Lastly, college students should prioritize personal development and continuous learning. They should seek out opportunities for professional development, such as workshops, seminars, and certifications, to enhance their skills and knowledge. By investing in their own development, they will be better equipped to succeed in the workplace and advance in their careers.In conclusion, college students entering the workplace should have a positive attitude, be proactive in seekingopportunities, make informed career choices, take risks, and prioritize personal development. By adopting these attitudes and making these choices, they will be well-prepared to navigate the challenges of the workplace and achieve success in their careers.。
如何对待职业和理想英语作文
如何对待职业和理想英语作文英文回答：Balancing Career and Aspiration.In the tapestry of life, we often find ourselves at an intersection where our career and aspirations collide. Career, a means to sustain our livelihood, provides financial stability and a sense of accomplishment. Aspiration, on the other hand, is the embodiment of our dreams and passions, driving us to pursue what we truly desire. Striking a harmonious balance between these two elements requires careful consideration and strategic planning.1. Prioritization and Time Management:The key to navigating the career-aspiration dichotomy lies in prioritization and effective time management. Identify your most important aspirations and allocatededicated time slots for pursuing them. Be realistic about your commitments and avoid overextending yourself. Remember, consistency and focus are essential for progress.2. Seek Opportunities for Alignment:Explore career paths that align with your aspirations. This may involve researching industries or job roles that complement your interests and passions. Consider internships, volunteer experiences, or side projects that provide opportunities to bridge the gap between your career and aspirations.3. Embrace Flexibility:Life is inherently dynamic, and our aspirations and career trajectory may evolve over time. Be open toadjusting your plans as necessary. Seek opportunities for professional development and growth that support both your career and aspiration. Remember, flexibility allows you to adapt to changing circumstances while remaining true toyour goals.4. Foster a Support System:Surround yourself with people who understand andsupport your aspirations. Seek mentors, colleagues, or friends who can provide guidance, encouragement, and accountability. A strong support system can help you stay motivated and focused on your goals.5. Remember Your "Why":Amidst the challenges and demands of balancing career and aspiration, it's crucial to stay connected with your "why." Reflect on the reasons why you pursue your dreamsand what drives your passion. This connection will serve as an anchor, reminding you of the importance of your aspirations and providing motivation during difficult times.中文回答：如何平衡职业和理想。
找理想工作的英语作文
Finding the ideal job is a pursuit that many individuals embark on throughout their professional lives.The concept of an ideal job is subjective and varies from person to person,but there are certain universal aspects that contribute to making a job ideal.Here are some key points to consider when crafting an English essay on finding the ideal job:Title:The Quest for the Ideal JobIntroduction:The essay begins by defining what an ideal job means to different people.It sets the stage for discussing the common elements that make a job ideal,such as job satisfaction,financial stability,worklife balance,and career growth.Paragraph1:SelfUnderstandingThe first step in finding the ideal job is selfreflection.Understanding ones strengths, weaknesses,passions,and values is crucial.Discuss how selfawareness can guide job seekers towards careers that align with their personality and interests.Paragraph2:Research and ExplorationEmphasize the importance of researching various industries and job roles to gain a comprehensive understanding of the job market.Highlight the role of informational interviews,job shadowing,and networking in gathering insights about different professions.Paragraph3:Education and Skill DevelopmentDiscuss how continuous learning and skill development are essential for career advancement and finding the ideal job.Mention the value of formal education,certifications,and onthejob training in enhancing employability.Paragraph4:Setting Realistic GoalsExplain the significance of setting achievable career goals and the role of goalsetting in maintaining motivation and focus.Provide examples of SMART goals Specific,Measurable,Achievable,Relevant, Timebound in a job search context.Paragraph5:Adaptability and FlexibilityArgue that adaptability is a key trait for finding and maintaining an ideal job in a rapidly changing job market.Discuss how being open to new opportunities and flexible in ones career path can lead tounexpected but fulfilling job roles.Paragraph6:The Importance of NetworkingElaborate on the power of networking in uncovering job opportunities that may not be publicly advertised.Describe how building professional relationships can provide support,mentorship,and access to job leads.Paragraph7:WorkLife BalanceDiscuss the importance of finding a job that allows for a healthy balance between work and personal life.Mention how worklife balance contributes to overall wellbeing and job satisfaction.Paragraph8:Persistence and ResilienceEmphasize the need for persistence and resilience in the job search process,especially when facing rejections or setbacks.Provide tips on maintaining a positive attitude and learning from each job search experience.Conclusion:Summarize the key points discussed in the essay.Conclude by reiterating that finding the ideal job is a personal journey that requires selfawareness,continuous learning,and adaptability.Final Thoughts:Encourage readers to stay true to their values and aspirations while pursuing their ideal job.End on a hopeful note,suggesting that with determination and the right approach, anyone can find a job that brings them fulfillment and satisfaction.Remember to use clear,concise language and provide concrete examples to illustrate your points.The essay should be wellstructured,with a logical flow of ideas that guides the reader through your argument.。
Chapter_3组织行为学
3.2.3 Attitudes and Consistency
Cognitive Dissonance Theory Measuring The A–B Relationship
3. JOB SATISFACTION
3.1 Measuring Job Satisfaction 3.2 The Effect of Job Satisfaction On
Destructive
Constructive
Passive
Values Across Cultures
A Framework for Assessing Cultures Power Distance Individualism versus collectivism Quantity of Life Uncertainty Avoidance Long–term versus Short–term orientation
Rokeach Value Survey
Terminal and Instrumental Values in Rokeach Value Survey
Terminal and Values
Instrumental Values
A comfortable life An exciting life A sense of accomplishment A world peace A world of beauty Equality Family security Freedom Happiness Mature love National security Pleasure Salvation Self–respect Social recognition True friendship Wisdom
Unit3CareersandskillsExtendedreadingLanguagepoints
翻译：在回答问题的时候，尽量在对话中找到适当的平衡，提供面试官
所需的所有信息，在不多说的情况下让他们全面了解你。
“When answering”省略=when you are
eg. When doing (do) the work,we should be careful. When driving (drive) a car，you should be alert.
put your best foot forward eg. To get this job you have to put your best foot forward at
the in翻te译rv要iew想.得到这个工作，你必须在面试时全力以赴 。
类似的表达：Do all you can. Try your best! Give it your all!
Thank you.
reforming Women
atrh_ee_m_ta_oxr_e_s_yli_skt_eel_ym_.t_o__g_iv_e_p_r_io_r_it_y__t_o _________
child care and education policies.
女性更可能给孩子的照料和教育方案以优先考虑。
Once you’ve done your homework about the company and the
我喜欢滑雪，同时也知道这非常危险。
She and I both arrived at the same time by pure coincidence. 我和她同时到达纯属巧合
Meanwhile, it provides a opportunity for the applicant to learn
第三章练习题目
第三章练习题⽬Chapter 3 Attitudes and Job SatisfactionMULTIPLE CHOICE1. Which of the following answer choices is the best definition of attitude?a. Attitudes indicate how one will react to a given event.b. Attitudes are the yardstick by which one measures on e’s actions.c. Attitudes are the emotional part of an evaluation of some person, object or event.d. Attitudes are evaluative statements of what one believes about something or someone.e. Attitudes are a measure of how the worth of an object, person or event is evaluated.2. Which of the following is an example of an attitude?a. Satisfaction with a job well done.b. The observation that most dogs have four legs.c. The opinion that it is never acceptable to steal.d. Anger at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing.e. The avoidance of a restaurant where one once received bad service.3. The following are possible actions that an individual may take if they behave in a way that is inconsistent with an attitude that they hold:I: change the behaviorII: change the attitudeIII: rationalize the behaviorIV: ignore the inconstancyWhich of these actions are the most likely to be taken?a. Either I, or IIb. Either III or IVc. One o f I, II or IIId. One of I, III or IVe. One of II, III or IV4. Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in _____.a. organizational dissonanceb. cognitive dissonancec. attitudinal clarificationd. values clarificatione. affective reactance5. The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by _____.a. Maslowb. Festingerc. Hofsteded. Skinnere. Pavlov6. Dan strongly believes that it is important that he spends time with his children on the weekends.Which of the following situations would most likely result in a very strong desire to reduce cognitive dissonance?a. Being made by his boss to work weekends or lose his job.b. Working over the weekend in order to cover for a sick friend.c. Working over the weekend in order to secure a large cash bonus.d. Working over the weekend in order to free up time for a golf game later in the week.e. Working over the weekend in order to complete a project for a client vital to the company.7. “Dissonance” means _____.a. reactanceb. constancec. resistanced. consistencye. inconsistency8. The attitude-behavior relationship is likely to be much stronger if the attitude_____.a. refers to something that the individual has direct personal experience withb. must be defended against the attitudes of society at largec. is perceived to be of little importanced. is related to organizational structuree. is not regularly discussed and examined9. The theory that attitudes are used, after the fact, to make sense out of action that has alreadyoccurred is best explained by _____.a. cognitive dissonanceb. escalation of commitmentc. self perception theoryd. uncertainty avoidancee. organizational commitment10. The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, andconsiders his or her performance as being important to self-worth is _____.a. job satisfactionb. job involvementc. job stabilityd. organizational commitmente. social embeddedness11. _____ refers to an individual’s general attit ude toward his or her job.a. Job satisfactionb. Job involvementc. Job stabilityd. Organizational commitmente. Social investment12. Which of the following statements would have been most likely made by an employee with a high degree of job involvement?a. “My skills make me exceptionally valuable to the company.”b. “I’m a harder worker than most of my colleagues, even to the degree I am carrying some ofthe lazier ones.”c. “It felt great to get promoted; I guess the guys upstairs really did appreciate the way I hadbeen running things.”d. “I love my job, it is engaging, well-paid, and low pressure enough that I don’t have to bealways worrying about it in my time off.”e. “I enjoy working with my hands, so much so that on the days when my job requires me to actually physically build something time flies by without me even noticing it.”13. Organizational commitment is defined as _____.a. the degree to which an employee identifies with the organization they work for and its goalsb. an employee’s belief that the organization they work for will go to considerable lengths to ensure that its employees are treated fairlyc. the degree to which an employee’s sense of fulfillment and self worth is related to their jobd. the amount of effort an employee will make in order to keep or advance their position in an organizatione. the degree to which an employee believes their work impacts their organization14. Of the following, the best predictor of turnover is _____.a. job satisfactionb. job involvementc. organizational commitmentd. cognitive dissonancee. affective dissonance15. Job satisfaction is best described as _____.a. a resultb. a valuec. an attituded. causing high performancee. a valued discipline16. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between satisfaction and absenteeism?a. There is a consistent positive relationship between the two.b. There is a consistent negative relationship between the two.c. There is a curvilinear relationship between the two.d. When fairness is controlled for, there is a direct relationship between the two.e. No relationship can be established between the two.17. Factors other than satisfaction that impact one’s decision to leave a current job include all of the following except _____.a. labor market conditionsb. length of tenure with the organizationc. expectations about alternative job opportunitiesd. organizational citizenship behaviore. unionization18. Which of the following statements is not true about attitudes in the workplace?a. Changing employee attitudes is necessary if you are to manage dissonance.b. High pay alone is not likely to create a satisfying workplace.c. Generating positive job attitudes helps lower absenteeism and turnover.d. Attitudes help determine how well employees perform on the jobe. Attitudes give warnings of potential problems19. Attending union meetings as a response to dissatisfaction would be what type of response?a. exitb. voicec. loyaltyd. neglecte. reification20. Quietly continuing to do your work when you know things won’t improve, is what type of response to dissatisfaction?a. exitb. voicec. loyaltyd. neglecte. social voiceTRUE/FALSE23. Attitudes and values are synonymous terms.26. A person with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive attitudes toward the job.28. Organizational commitment is a better indicator of turnover than job satisfaction.32. Research has concluded that people seek consistency among their attitudes but not between their attitudes and behavior.36. If the elements creating dissonance are relatively unimportant, the pressure to correct this imbalance will be low.SHORT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS1. Most of the research in OB has been concerned with three attitudes: job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment. Explain the difference between these attitudes.2. List and explain the four ways employees can express job dissatisfaction.。
英语作文初入职场的态度和选择
英语作文初入职场的态度和选择Attitude and Choices for English Essay: Entering the WorkplaceAs a fresh graduate stepping into the professional world, it is crucial to adopt the right attitude and make informed choices to navigate the corporate landscape successfully. The transition from academia to the workplace can be overwhelming, but with the right mindset and decisions, one can excel in their career. Here are some key points to consider:1. Positive Attitude:- Maintain a positive and open-minded attitude towards new challenges and learning opportunities.- Be adaptable and flexible, as the workplace is dynamic and ever-changing.- Embrace feedback and criticism constructively, viewing them as tools for personal and professional growth.2. Time Management:- Prioritize tasks and manage time effectively to meet deadlines and deliver quality work.- Avoid procrastination and develop good habits, such as creating to-do lists and setting realistic goals.- Learn to differentiate between urgent and important tasks to allocate time efficiently.3. Communication Skills:- Enhance your written and verbal communication skills, as effective communication is vital in the workplace.- Listen actively and be respectful towards colleagues' opinions, fostering a collaborative and inclusive environment.- Master the art of professional email etiquette, ensuring clarity, conciseness, and proper grammar.4. Professionalism:- Maintain a professional demeanor at all times, dressing appropriately and adhering to workplace etiquette.- Be punctual, reliable, and take ownership of your responsibilities.- Respect confidentiality and maintain a high level of integrity in all your actions.5. Continuous Learning:- Cultivate a thirst for knowledge and embrace lifelong learning to stay updated with industry trends and advancements.- Seek opportunities for professional development, such as attending workshops, seminars, and online courses.- Be proactive in seeking mentorship and guidance from experienced colleagues.6. Choices:- Choose a career path aligned with your interests, skills, andvalues to ensure job satisfaction and long-term success.- Research potential employers and job roles thoroughly before making a decision, considering factors like company culture, growth opportunities, and work-life balance.- Be prepared to make sacrifices and compromises, as every choice has its trade-offs.7. Networking:- Recognize the importance of networking and build meaningful relationships with colleagues, mentors, and industry professionals.- Attend industry events and join professional groups to expand your network and learn from others' experiences.- Leverage social media platforms like LinkedIn to showcase your expertise and stay connected with industry trends.By adopting a positive attitude, effective time management, strong communication skills, professionalism, a continuous learning mindset, making informed choices, and actively networking, you can lay a solid foundation for a successful career in the English essay-writing field. Remember, the journey is ongoing, and every experience, both good and bad, contributes to your personal and professional growth.。
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Implication for OB
• Not all OB theories and concepts are universally applicable to managing people around the world, especially in countries where work values are considerably different from those in the United States; • You should take into consideration cultural values when trying to understand the behavior of people in different countries.
Attitudes and Consistency
• People seek consistency among their attitudes & between their attitudes & behavior • seek to reconcile divergent attitudes and align their attitudes & behavior so they appear rational and consistent • Altering their attitudes or behavior, developing a rationalization for their discrepancy
The Concept of Attitude
• Evaluative statements or judgment concerning objects, people, or events • 3 components of attitude
– cognitive component---the opinion or belief segment of an attitude(value statement) – affective component--- emotional or feeling – behavioral component--an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or sth.
• Instrumental:preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one’s terminal values
– ambitious, broad-minded, capable, cheerful, clean, honest, courageous, forgiving, helpful, imaginative, independent, intellectual, logical, loving, obedient, polite, responsible, self-control
Sources of Attitudes
• Acquired from parent, teachers, peer group members • born with • early years, model or imitate those one admire, respect, fear • less stable (in contrast to values), affect job behavior
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Leon Festinger proposed in late 1950s,s ought to explain the linkage between attitudes & behavior
• Cognitive Dissonance--any incompatibility between 2 or more attitudes or between attitudes & behavior • any form of inconsistency is uncomfortable for one to attempt to reduce--a stable state where there is a minimum of dissonance • the determinant factors: the importance of the elements, the degree of influence, the rewards that may be involved in dissonance
The Concept of Value
• Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence • Importance: Lay the foundation for the understanding attitudes, motivation via influencing perceptions; values generally influence attitude and behavior, individuals are not value free, standard of behavior; aligning with the organization’s policy • Value system: A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual’s values in terms of their intensity
Organizational Behavior
（Chapter 3 Values, attitude, and job satisfaction）
金杨华 博士 副教授 Dr. Chrims Jin jinyanghua@ 浙江工商大学人力资源管理系 Department of Human Resource Management, Zhejiang Gongshang University
Values, Loyalty & Ethical Behavior
• A decline in ethical standards? Self-centered • 4 stages: The action of manager’s bosses is the most important factor influencing ethical behavior in organizations.
Types of Attitudes job-related attitudes
• Job satisfaction--an individual’s general attitude toward his or her job • Job involvement--the degree to which a person identifies with his(her)job, actively participates in it, consider the performance important to self-worth. • Organizational commitment--The degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization.
Types of values- Contemporary work cohorts
• Veterans: Protestant work ethic: hard work; conservative; loyalty to the organization , enter the workforce 1950s or early 1960s • Boomers: success, achievement, dislike of authority, loyalty to career, 1965-1985 • Xers: work/life balance, team orientation, dislike of roles, loyalty to relationships 1985-2000 • Nexters: Confident, financial success, self-reliant but team oriented, loyalty to both self and relationship, 2000 to present
Types of values - Rokeach values survey(RVS)
• Terminal: Desirable end-states of existence; the goals to pursue during one’s lifetime
– comfortable(exciting) life, sense of accomplishment, world of peace(beauty), equality, family(nation) security, freedom, happiness, inner harmony, mature love, pleasure, salvation, self-respect, social recognition,t rue friendship, wisdom.