Unit 11 Reasons for International Trade
新编剑桥商务英语unit11
the coffee trade, which constitutes around 50% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) and 90% of its exports. The average wage paid to laborers who pick the beans and work on farms is about 50p a day.
EXPORTS
10% = OTHER
Only (1)_10_p__(_p_e_n_ce_)_ goes to the grower.
£3
90% = (7c)_o_f_f_e_e
Key facts: Ethiopia (2)___1_5________ million people in coffee trade (3)___5_0________% of GDP (4)___5_0________ pence = a laborer’s pay per day
D. Coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world after oil.
E. It guarantees to pay growers a fixed proportion for their coffee, which is above standard market rates.
So where do the added costs come from? According to experts, by the time it is consumed by us in our homes or in a coffee shop, the bean may actually change hands up to 150 times, each time facing a mark-up as it is transported, roasted, packaged and sold. (2)___________. Then another 10% in export costs with freight and insurance before an importer takes over. Finally, it is sold to us in a coffee shop – and running a coffee shop is not cheap. For example, take your typical coffee shop in a shopping precinct, seating 75 inside and 50 outside. The rent is £20,000 a year. (3)__________. In other words, even before adding staffing costs and overheads, setting aside an mount for redecoration and maintenance on the property, this particular coffee shop needs to sell a minimum
大学英语专业综合教程第三册Unit11课文及单词
1. If your friend is in a new dress or buys a new mobile phone which you dislike intensely, and asks for your opinion about it, what will you say? Why do you think people lie?2. If somebody lies to you for your own good, how would you feel?At the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, psychology professor Bella DePaulo got 77 students and 70 townspeople to volunteer for an unusual project. All kept diaries for a week, recording the numbers and details of the lies they told.One student and six Charlottesville residents professed to have told no falsehoods. The other 140 participants told 1535.The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shattering. Someone would pretend to be more positive or supportive of a spouse or friend than he or she really was, or feign agreement with a relative's opinion. According to DePaulo, women in their interactions with other women lied mostly to spare the other's feelings. Men lied to other men generally for self-promoting reasons.Most strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them "little preoccupation or regret." Might that, too, be a lie? Perhaps. But there is evidence that this attitude towards casual use of prevarication is common.For example, 20,000 middle-and high-schoolers were surveyed by the Josephson Institute of Ethics — anonprofit organization in Marina del Rey, California, devoted to character education. Ninety-two per cent of the teenagers admitted having lied to their parents in the previous year, and 73 per cent characterized themselves as "serial liars," meaning they told lies weekly. Despite these admissions, 91 per cent of all respondents said they were "satisfied with my own ethics and character."Think how often we hear the expressions "I'll call you" or "The check is in the mail" or "I'm sorry, but he stepped out." And then there are professions —lawyers, pundits, public relations consultants —whose members seem to specialize in shaping or spinning the truth to suit clients' needs.Little white lies have become ubiquitous, and the reasons we give each other for telling fibs are familiar. Consider, for example, a corporate executive whom I'll call Tom. He goes with his wife and son to his mother-in-law's home for a holiday dinner every year. Tom dislikes her "special" pumpkin pie intensely. Invariably he tells her how wonderful it is, to avoid hurting her feelings."What's wrong with that?" Tom asked Michael Josephson, president of the Josephson Institute. It's a question we might all ask.Josephson replied by asking Tom to consider the lie from his mother-in-law's point of view. Suppose that one day Tom's child blurts out the truth, and she discovers the deceit. Will she tell her son-in-law, "Thank you for caring so much"? Or is she more likelyto feel hurt and say, "How could you have misled me all these years? And what else have you lied to me about?"And what might Tom's mother-in-law now suspect about her own daughter? And will Tom's boy lie to his parents and yet be satisfied with his own character?How often do we compliment people on how well they look, or express our appreciation for gifts, when we don't really mean it? Surely, these "nice lies" are harmless and well-intended, a necessary social lubricant. But, like Tom, we should remember the words of English novelist Sir Walter Scott, who wrote, "What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive."Even seemingly harmless falsehoods can have unforeseen consequences. Philosopher Sissela Bok warns us that they can put us on a slippery slope. "After the first lies, others can come more easily," she wrote in her book Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life. "Psychological barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liar's perception of his chances of being caught may warp."Take the pumpkin-pie lies. In the first place, it wasn't just that he wanted his mother-in-law to feel good. Whether he realized it or not, he really wanted her to think highly of him. And after the initial deceit he needed to tell more lies to cover up the first one.Who believes it anymore when they're told that the person they want to reach by phone is "in a meeting"? By itself, that kind of lie is of no great consequence.Still, the endless proliferation of these little prevarications does matter.Once they've become common enough, even the small untruths that are not meant to hurt encourage a certain cynicism and loss of trust. "When [trust] is damaged," warns Bok, "the community as a whole suffers; and when it is destroyed, societies falter and collapse."Are all white lies to be avoided at all costs? Not necessarily. The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle of trust for the principle of caring, "like telling children about the tooth fairy, or deceiving someone to set them up for a surprise party," Josephson says. "Still, we must ask ourselves if we are willing to give our friends and associates the authority to lie to us whenever they think it is for our own good."Josephson suggests a simple test. If someone you lie to finds out the truth, will he thank you for caring? Or will he feel his long-term trust in you has been undermined?And if you're not sure, Mark Twain has given us a good rule of thumb. "When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends."New words:volunteerv. to give or offer (one's help, a suggestion, etc.) willingly or without being paidprofessv. to make a claimfeignv. to pretend to have or bepreoccupationn. the state of constantly thinking or worrying about somethingprevaricationn. the state of avoiding giving a direct answer or making a firm decisionseriala. of, in or forming a number of things, events, etc. of a similar kind, especially placed or occurring one after anotherethicsn. moral correctness; moral principlespunditn. a person who is an authority on a particular subject; an expertconsultantn. a person who gives specialist professional advice to othersfibn. a small unimportant liedeceitn. dishonest act or statementlubricantn. a substance such as oil which cause a machine to operate more easilytanglev. to make or become a mass of disordered and twisted threadswear downto reduce or become weaker until uselessperceptionn. the ability to see, hear and understand; the quality of understandingwarpv. to (cause to) turn or twist out of shapeproliferationn. a rapid increase in the amount or number of somethingcynicismn. the belief that people always act selfishlyfalterv. to lose power or strength in an uneven way, thus no longer making much progressassociaten. a person who is connected to another person as a businesspartner, colleague, or companionunderminev. to gradually make somebody or something less strong or effectiveconfoundv. to confuse and greatly surprise people, causing them to be unable to explain or deal with a situationastoundv. to make somebody very surprised or shocked, especially with (news of) something completely unexpected。
Unit 11 英语阅读第一册课件(上外教材,英语专业)
* Further Reading:
Read the text again and consider the following questions. 1) What is international advertising ? 2) How can we make an international advertising successful? 3) How do you understand “high context culture” and ”low context culture”?
Section A
Word Pretest 1. Do Word Pretest (P142) within 3 mins. 2. Underline the italicized words in Text I when you read it later.
Text I: International Advertising as a
• • • • •
replace reconsider rewrite regain recall
Key to Prefix
• • • • 1. reconsideration 3. replace 5. regain 7. recall 2. overpraised 4. overwork 6. overweight 8. overanxious
Communication Process * General Reading: • Read the text, time it and record the time it takes. • Do the Reading Comprehension exercise on P145 as quickly as possible.
九年级unit11英语写作范文
九年级unit11英语写作范文English is a global language that has become an essential tool for communication and education worldwide. As a student in the ninth grade, I have been studying English diligently, and the unit 11 curriculum has provided me with valuable insights and skills to improve my writing abilities. In this essay, I will explore the various aspects of English writing that I have learned and how they have impacted my overall language proficiency.One of the key components of effective writing is the ability to organize and structure one's thoughts in a coherent and logical manner. In unit 11, we have been introduced to various organizational patterns, such as the five-paragraph essay structure, which consists of an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. This format has been particularly helpful in guiding me through the process of crafting a well-structured piece of writing. By ensuring that each paragraph serves a specific purpose and that the overall essay flows seamlessly from one idea to the next, I have been able to improve the clarity and coherence of my written work.Another essential aspect of English writing that we have explored in unit 11 is the use of appropriate and varied vocabulary. As a language learner, I have often struggled with finding the right words to convey my ideas effectively. However, through the study of vocabulary-building strategies, such as using context clues, word roots, and prefixes and suffixes, I have been able to expand my lexical repertoire and incorporate more precise and descriptive language into my writing. This, in turn, has helped me to better express my thoughts and emotions, and to engage my readers more effectively.In addition to vocabulary development, unit 11 has also emphasized the importance of using proper grammar and mechanics in writing. We have learned about the various parts of speech, sentence structures, and punctuation rules, and have practiced applying these concepts in our own writing. By developing a stronger understanding of the fundamental rules of English grammar, I have been able to produce more accurate and polished written work, which has not only improved the overall quality of my essays but has also enhanced my confidence as a writer.One of the most valuable lessons I have learned in unit 11 is the importance of revising and editing one's writing. We have been taught to approach the writing process as a cyclical, rather than a linear, endeavor, where we continuously refine and improve our workbased on feedback and self-reflection. This has been particularly helpful in addressing common writing challenges, such as maintaining a consistent tone and voice, ensuring logical flow and coherence, and identifying and correcting grammatical and mechanical errors. By embracing the revision process, I have been able to produce writing that is more polished, engaging, and effective.Moreover, unit 11 has also emphasized the significance of audience awareness in writing. We have learned to consider the needs, expectations, and perspectives of our intended readers, and to tailor our writing accordingly. This has helped me to develop a more nuanced understanding of how to effectively communicate with different audiences, whether they are peers, teachers, or members of the general public. By adapting my writing style, tone, and content to the specific needs of my audience, I have been able to create more impactful and meaningful written work.Finally, unit 11 has also provided me with opportunities to explore various genres and modes of writing, such as persuasive essays, research reports, and creative narratives. This exposure to a diverse range of writing styles has not only broadened my understanding of the English language but has also allowed me to experiment with different approaches and techniques, ultimately helping me to develop a more versatile and well-rounded set of writing skills.In conclusion, the lessons and skills I have acquired in unit 11 of my ninth-grade English curriculum have been instrumental in shaping me as a more confident and proficient writer. From mastering organizational structures and vocabulary development to honing my grammar and mechanics, and from embracing the revision process to considering audience awareness, I have gained a deeper appreciation for the art of written communication. As I continue my educational journey, I am confident that the knowledge and skills I have acquired in unit 11 will continue to serve me well, enabling me to express my thoughts and ideas with clarity, creativity, and impact.。
口译UNIT11第十一单元教案
口译UNIT11第十一单元教案UNIT 11 第十一单元Interpreting and Discourse口译与语域Unit Objective (单元目标)After reading this unit you should☆ understand the relationship between discourse and interpretation.☆ how to develop the skills of cultural communications☆ master the skills of sight interpretationWarm-up (准备)1. Two students are requested to sit at the Interpreting Desk or Booth, acting as interpreters of the class. Their performance is evaluated and graded by instructor.2.Instructor is to present a piece of news of the week.Theory of Interpretation XI (口译理论十一)Instructor is to explain the First part, “Reading Prelude” of Unit 11 of the textbook. Students should have read this part before the class.1．语域(Discourse)2．跨文化交际(Cultural Communication)Sight Interpreting (视译)1．Basic principles in sight interpretingFlexible switchAbility to predictFluent and appropriate expression2．Basic Principle and Basic Skills顺句驱动, 配合以适当的预测和调整。
综合英语教程11单元课后作文
综合英语教程11单元课后作文Learning a new language can be a challenging yet rewarding experience for individuals of all ages and backgrounds. The process of mastering a foreign tongue requires dedication, patience, and a willingness to step outside one's comfort zone. In the case of English, which has become a global lingua franca, the importance of acquiring proficiency in this language cannot be overstated. The comprehensive English course covered in Unit 11 provides a valuable framework for developing a well-rounded understanding of the English language, encompassing various aspects such as grammar, vocabulary, reading, writing, and oral communication.One of the key components of the comprehensive English course is the study of grammar. Grammar serves as the foundation of a language, governing the structure and rules that dictate how words are combined to form coherent sentences. By delving into the intricacies of English grammar, students can gain a deeper appreciation for the nuances of the language and develop the ability to communicate effectively and accurately. From understanding the different parts of speech to mastering complex sentence structures,the grammar lessons in Unit 11 equip learners with the necessary tools to navigate the complexities of the English language.Alongside grammar, the comprehensive English course also places a strong emphasis on vocabulary development. The acquisition of a robust vocabulary is essential for effective communication, as it allows individuals to express their thoughts, ideas, and emotions with precision and clarity. The unit's vocabulary-building exercises, which often incorporate contextual learning and mnemonic devices, enable students to expand their lexical repertoire and enhance their overall language proficiency. Whether it's mastering commonly used idioms, learning specialized terminology, or exploring the nuances of synonyms and antonyms, the vocabulary components of the course empower learners to communicate with confidence and sophistication.In addition to grammar and vocabulary, the comprehensive English course also focuses on the development of reading and writing skills. Reading comprehension exercises expose students to a diverse range of text genres, from academic articles and literary works to business reports and creative writing. By engaging with these varied materials, learners can enhance their understanding of different writing styles, improve their ability to extract key information, and cultivate critical thinking skills. The writing component of the course, on the other hand, provides students with opportunities to practiceexpressing their thoughts and ideas through various forms of written communication, such as essays, reports, and creative narratives. This not only strengthens their written expression but also helps them develop organizational skills, attention to detail, and the ability to convey their messages effectively.Oral communication is another essential aspect of the comprehensive English course covered in Unit 11. Effective speaking and listening skills are crucial for successful interpersonal interactions, whether in academic, professional, or social contexts. The course's emphasis on oral communication exercises, such as group discussions, presentations, and role-playing activities, allows students to practice their pronunciation, intonation, and conversational strategies. Furthermore, these activities help learners develop their confidence in expressing themselves verbally and improve their ability to comprehend and respond to spoken English.Beyond the specific skills and knowledge covered in the course, the comprehensive English program also fosters the development of critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. As students engage with various language-related tasks and challenges, they are encouraged to analyze information, evaluate different perspectives, and formulate creative solutions. This process not only enhances their language proficiency but also prepares them for the demands of the modern, globalized world, where the ability to think criticallyand adapt to diverse situations is highly valued.The comprehensive English course in Unit 11 also recognizes the importance of cultural awareness and sensitivity. Language learning is not merely about mastering the mechanics of a language but also understanding the cultural nuances, social conventions, and historical contexts that shape the way it is used. By incorporating elements of cross-cultural communication, the course helps students develop a deeper appreciation for the diversity of English-speaking communities around the world and the ability to navigate intercultural interactions with respect and understanding.Perhaps one of the most significant benefits of the comprehensive English course is its potential to open up a world of opportunities for learners. Proficiency in English can unlock doors to higher education, prestigious career paths, and meaningful global connections. Whether students aspire to study abroad, pursue international business ventures, or engage in worldwide collaborations, the skills and knowledge gained from this course can serve as a valuable foundation for their future endeavors.In conclusion, the comprehensive English course covered in Unit 11 offers a multifaceted and holistic approach to language learning. By focusing on grammar, vocabulary, reading, writing, and oral communication, the course equips students with a well-rounded setof linguistic abilities. Furthermore, the emphasis on critical thinking, cultural awareness, and real-world application ensures that learners not only develop proficiency in English but also acquire the essential skills and mindset to thrive in an increasingly globalized world. As students embark on this journey of language learning, they can look forward to the personal growth, intellectual enrichment, and exciting prospects that mastering the English language can bring.。
讲解国际情况英文作文模板
讲解国际情况英文作文模板英文：International situation is a complex topic that requires a comprehensive understanding of global politics, economics, and socio-cultural dynamics. Analyzing it involves examining various aspects such as diplomatic relations, trade agreements, security concerns, and humanitarian issues.Let's start with diplomatic relations. Countries around the world engage in diplomatic activities to foster cooperation and resolve conflicts. For instance, recent talks between the United States and North Korea aimed to address nuclear disarmament. These discussions are crucial for maintaining stability and promoting peace.Moving on to trade agreements, they play a significant role in shaping the global economy. Take the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) as an example. Despite the withdrawal ofthe United States, other member countries continue to negotiate trade deals to boost economic growth and facilitate commerce.Security concerns also dominate the international landscape. The rise of non-state actors like terrorist organizations poses threats to global security. Nations collaborate through intelligence sharing and military alliances, such as NATO, to combat these challenges and ensure the safety of their citizens.Humanitarian issues further complicate the international situation. Conflicts, natural disasters, and poverty affect millions of people worldwide. Humanitarian organizations provide aid and support, but political tensions and logistical challenges often hinder their efforts.Overall, the international situation is multifaceted and constantly evolving. It requires diplomatic finesse, economic cooperation, security measures, and humanitarian action to address the complexities and promote globalstability and prosperity.中文：国际形势是一个复杂的话题，需要全面了解全球政治、经济和社会文化动态。
Unit11英语作文
Unit11英语作文The Importance of English CompositionEnglish composition is a critical skill for students and professionals alike. It not only tests one's command of the language but also the ability to convey thoughts and ideas clearly and effectively. In this unit, we will explore the key elements of writing a compelling English composition.Understanding the StructureA well-structured composition typically includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction should grab the reader's attention and clearly state the topic. Body paragraphs should each focus on a single main idea, supported by evidence or examples. The conclusion should summarize the main points and provide a final thought.Developing a Clear Thesis StatementThe thesis statement is the backbone of your composition. It should be concise, clear, and indicate the direction of your argument or analysis. Place it at the end of your introduction to guide the reader through your composition.Using Appropriate Language and ToneThe language used in a composition should be appropriate for the audience and the purpose of the writing. Formal writing requires a more sophisticated vocabulary and a neutral tone, while informal writing can be more relaxed and conversational.Incorporating Supporting DetailsSupporting details are the building blocks of your argument. They can include facts, statistics, quotes, or anecdotes. Ensure that each detail is relevant and contributes to the overall thesis.Revising and EditingThe final step in writing a successful English composition is revising and editing. This involves checking for grammatical errors, clarity of expression, and logical flow of ideas.It's also essential to ensure that the composition adheres to any formatting guidelines provided.ConclusionMastering English composition is a valuable skill that can enhance your academic and professional success. By focusingon structure, clarity, and revision, you can craft compelling compositions that engage readers and effectively communicate your ideas.This unit is designed to provide students with a solidfoundation in English composition, equipping them with the skills to express themselves with precision and confidence.。
自考英语笔译教材lesson 11
注意本文的英汉篇章结构的变 化 。 译者在翻译过程中对很多 段落进行了合并， 段落进行了合并 ， 这也是一种 变。
2012-5-18
Lesson 11
1
China and Britain in the World Economy 中国和英国在世界经济中的作用 中国和英国在世界经济中的作用
翻译技法： 翻译技法： 具体转抽象
The future of the world economy is of particular interest to my country because we have such a huge stake in it.
• 世界经济的未来与我国休戚相关，所以我们格外关注。 世界经济的未来与我国休戚相关 所以我们格外关注。 的未来与我国休戚相关，
翻译技法： 翻译技法：副 词转动词
2012-5-18 Lesson 11
翻译技法： 翻译技法： 增添
5
翻译技法： 翻译技法： 省略
0704 英汉
The strength of our financial services sector is wellknown; the world’s leading centre for international bank lending, foreign exchange, aviation and marine insurance, for example. • 我们的金融服务业以实力雄厚而著称，我们是国际银 我们的金融服务业以实力雄厚而著称 我们是国际银 雄厚而著称， 以及航空和海事保险业的中心。 行借贷、外汇以及航空和海事保险业的中心 行借贷、外汇以及航空和海事保险业的中心。 翻译技法： 翻译技法： 增添
（完整版）国际贸易实务英文版第三版知识点及模拟题
（完整版）国际贸易实务英⽂版第三版知识点及模拟题国际贸易实务(下划线为重点记忆和理解，⽆的为⼀般记忆和了解)Chapter one1.国际贸易概念：International trad e is also known as worl d trad e, foreign trad e,overseas trad e. It refers to the process of fair and d eliberate exchange of goods or services between two or more countries, involving the use of two or more currencies. Besid es, international trad e concerns trad e operations of both import and export and includ es the purchase and sale of both visibl e and invisibl e goods.2.（了解）1)Resource reasons (natural resource, human resource and technology)2)Economic reasons (economic benefits, comparative advantage andeconomies of scal e)3)Other reasons (political reasons, differences in tastes, preferences andconsumption patterns)3.国际贸易与国内贸易的不同：In particular, international trad e is more subject to:Language habits and cultural differences2)Foreign laws, customs and regulations or international rul es3)Exchange rate fluctuations and interest rate4)Higher l evel of political, financial and transportation risks5)More compl ex business procedures therefore managers need a broad errange of management skills4.1)从货物流向（direction of cargo fl ow）分: export trad e, import trad e and transit trad e(过境贸易)2)从参与的贸易⽅（the number of participants ）分：direct trad e, indirect trad e and entrepot trad e(转⼝贸易)转⼝贸易：entrepot trade refers to the transaction which involves importing goods for further processing or assembling and the re-exporting the goods abroad. 转⼝贸易⼜称中转贸易或再输出贸易，是指国际贸易中进出⼝货物的买卖，不是在⽣产国和消费国之间直接进⾏，⽽是通过第三国转⼿进⾏的贸易。
高二英语Unit11
It is likely that + 从句
辨析：likely, possible与probable
lp① ②ikoesblbilskeyeieblpliykloees主lsy常到指语ibt用”“ol可e词，由d/以po，强于r是o指s调有bt“人h“适a.从b客，当l表e观条p面to上件√os现有和sd象io可方b看l能s法et很/”，hp.有，某ro可但事b×能“可ab”实能le际发则希生不望或可很做以
reduce pollution
human being / mankind /man
❖ man: “人，人类”,区别于其他动物，不用冠词，也
不加复数,做主语谓语动词用单数.
人定胜天
Man can conquer nature.
❖ mankind: “人，人类”,不用冠词，也不加复数，
做主语谓语动词一般用单数，也可用复数.
❖ the human：“人类”，做主语谓语动词用单数.
❖ human being: [C.] “人”
mark n. 符号；痕迹；分数
a question mark an ink mark
make a mark full marks
Vt. 做标记；留痕迹于；批分数
be marked with
标着……；(人、动物等身上)具有
新交通法下星期生效。 The new traffic law will take effect next week.
rely on / upon = depend on / upon adj. reliable
初三英语第十一单元作文
初三英语第十一单元作文The Importance of Learning English in Junior High SchoolIntroductionEnglish is undoubtedly one of the most widely spoken and influential languages in the world. As globalization continues to connect people from different cultures and backgrounds, the ability to communicate effectively in English has become increasingly crucial. In the context of junior high school education, the importance of learning English cannot be overstated. This essay aims to explore the significance of learning English in junior high school, examining itshistorical background, various perspectives, and providing a critical evaluation of its benefits and drawbacks. Additionally, the essay will offer recommendations for the future implications of English education in junior high school.Historical Background and DevelopmentThe inclusion of English as a subject in junior high school curriculum can be traced back to the late 19th century when the British Empire's influence spread across the globe. English became a language of trade, diplomacy, and international communication, leading to its widespread adoption as a second language in many countries. In the context of junior high school education, the emphasis on English education has grown significantly over the years, reflecting the increasing importance of English proficiency in a globalized world.Perspectives and OpinionsThe significance of learning English in junior high school is a topic that elicits a wide range of perspectives and opinions. Proponents of English education argue that it provides students with valuable skills that are essential for their future academic and professional endeavors. They believe that proficiency in English opens up a world of opportunities, allowing students to access a wealth ofknowledge, connect with people from diverse backgrounds, and pursue higher education and career prospects on a global scale.On the other hand, critics of English education in junior high school raise concerns about the potential marginalization of local languages and cultures. They argue that an excessive focus on English may lead to the neglect of indigenous languages, eroding cultural identity and linguistic diversity. Additionally, some critics question the practicality of English education for all students, particularly those from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds, suggesting that resources could be better allocated to other subjects or initiatives.Case Studies and ExamplesTo illustrate the impact of English education in junior high school, it is valuable to consider case studies and examples from different regions. In countries such as South Korea and Japan, where English proficiency is highly prioritized, students undergo rigorous English education from an early age. As a result, these countries have produced a significant number of proficient English speakers who have excelled in international academic and professional settings.Conversely, in regions where English education is less emphasized, such as some parts of rural China or India, students may face challenges in accessing the same opportunities as their English-proficient counterparts. This disparity highlights the unequal distribution of resources and the potential consequences of limited English proficiency in a globalized society.Critical EvaluationThe benefits of learning English in junior high school are undeniable. Proficiency in English equips students with the ability to communicate effectively on a global platform, access a wide range of information and resources, and pursue academic and career opportunities beyond their local context. Furthermore, English education fosters cognitive development, critical thinking, and cross-cultural understanding, which are essential skills for success in the 21st century.However, it is important to acknowledge the drawbacks of an excessive focus on English education. The potential marginalization of local languages and cultures, as well as the unequal distribution of resources, are valid concerns that must be addressed. Moreover, the pressure to excel in English proficiency may lead to stress and anxiety among students, impacting their overall well-being and mental health.Future Implications and RecommendationsLooking ahead, the future implications of English education in junior high school necessitate a balanced approach that acknowledges the importance of English proficiency while preserving linguistic and cultural diversity. It is crucial to promote multilingualism and provide support for indigenous languages, ensuringthat students have the opportunity to develop proficiency in both English andtheir native language.Furthermore, recommendations for the future of English education in junior high school include the implementation of inclusive and diverse learning materials that reflect the experiences and perspectives of various cultures and communities. This approach can foster a more inclusive and equitable English education system that celebrates linguistic diversity and promotes global citizenship.In conclusion, the importance of learning English in junior high school is a multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration of its historical background, diverse perspectives, and future implications. While English proficiency offers numerous benefits for students in a globalized world, it is essential to address the potential drawbacks and ensure a balanced approach that values linguistic diversity and cultural heritage. By embracing the recommendations for the future of English education, junior high schools can empower students to navigate the complexities of a globalized society while preserving the richness of their own language and culture.。
英语人教版unit11作文
英语人教版unit11作文英文回答：As a high school student, I have been exposed to a wide range of literary works that have left a lasting impression on my mind. Among these, the works of Shakespeare, particularly "Hamlet" and "Macbeth," stand out as masterpieces that have captivated audiences for centuries. Their exploration of complex human emotions, philosophical themes, and timeless characters has made them enduring literary achievements.In "Hamlet," Shakespeare delves into the depths of human nature, examining themes of revenge, madness, and the existential question of life and death. The titular character, Hamlet, is a complex and deeply flawed protagonist whose internal struggles and moral dilemmas resonate with readers of all ages. The play's exploration of the concept of revenge is particularly poignant, as it raises questions about the ethical implications of seekingretribution."Macbeth," another masterpiece by Shakespeare, explores the destructive power of ambition and the corrosive effects of guilt. The play follows the titular character, Macbeth, as he succumbs to his own ambition and commits a series of heinous crimes in order to secure the throne of Scotland. Shakespeare's exploration of Macbeth's descent into madness and the consequences of his actions serves as a powerful cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked ambition.Beyond the works of Shakespeare, I have also been deeply moved by the writings of Jane Austen and Charles Dickens. Austen's novels, such as "Pride and Prejudice" and "Sense and Sensibility," offer a witty and insightful portrayal of society and relationships. Her characters are complex and relatable, and her stories explore the themes of love, marriage, and social status. Dickens, on the other hand, was a master of social commentary, using his novels to expose the injustices and inequalities of Victorian society. Works such as "Oliver Twist" and "Great Expectations" highlight the plight of the poor andmarginalized, while also offering hope and redemption.In addition to these classic works of literature, I have also enjoyed contemporary novels by authors such as J.K. Rowling, Jhumpa Lahiri, and Khaled Hosseini. Rowling's "Harry Potter" series has captured the imaginations of readers worldwide, while Lahiri's "Interpreter of Maladies" explores the experiences of Indian immigrants in America. Hosseini's "The Kite Runner" offers a powerful account of the consequences of war and the enduring bonds of friendship.Through my literary explorations, I have not only gained an appreciation for the power of language and storytelling but also developed a deeper understanding of human nature and the human condition. Literature has expanded my worldview, challenged my perspectives, and provided me with invaluable insights into the complexities of life.中文回答：作为一名高中生，我接触过广泛的文学作品，这些作品在我心中留下了深刻的印象。
人教版九年级下册英语unit11英语范文
人教版九年级下册英语unit11英语范文Here is the English essay based on the title you provided, with the text length exceeding 600 words:Education plays a crucial role in shaping the future of individuals and societies alike. Among the various educational curricula available, the People's Education Press (PEP) textbooks have long been recognized for their comprehensive and well-structured content. The PEP English textbooks, in particular, have been instrumental in equipping students with the necessary language skills and cultural understanding to thrive in an increasingly globalized world.Unit 11 of the PEP English textbook for ninth-grade students is a testament to the depth and breadth of the curriculum. This unit delves into the fascinating realm of environmental protection, exploring the various ways in which individuals and communities can contribute to the preservation of our planet.One of the key aspects highlighted in this unit is the importance of raising awareness about environmental issues. The textbook emphasizes the need for individuals to be informed about the pressing environmental challenges we face, such as climate change,deforestation, and pollution. By understanding the severity and urgency of these problems, students are empowered to take action and become agents of change.The unit also encourages students to develop a sense of personal responsibility towards the environment. Through engaging activities and thought-provoking discussions, the textbook encourages students to reflect on their own daily habits and the impact they have on the natural world. From reducing energy consumption to recycling and engaging in eco-friendly practices, the unit empowers students to make positive changes in their own lives.Moreover, the PEP English textbook recognizes the value of collective action in environmental protection. The unit explores various community-based initiatives and organizations that are working to address environmental challenges. By highlighting these success stories, the textbook inspires students to collaborate with their peers and local communities to implement sustainable solutions.One particularly compelling aspect of this unit is its emphasis on the intersection between environmental protection and social justice. The textbook recognizes that the impacts of environmental degradation often disproportionately affect marginalized communities, and it encourages students to consider the broadersocietal implications of environmental issues.Through case studies and real-world examples, the unit encourages students to think critically about the equitable distribution of environmental resources and the importance of inclusive decision-making processes. This holistic approach to environmental education helps students develop a nuanced understanding of the complex relationships between environmental, social, and economic factors.Furthermore, the PEP English textbook for Unit 11 is designed to enhance students' language proficiency while also fostering their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The unit incorporates a variety of engaging activities, such as group discussions, presentations, and project-based learning, which allow students to practice their English language skills in meaningful and context-driven scenarios.By integrating environmental themes into the language learning process, the textbook ensures that students not only improve their linguistic abilities but also cultivate a deeper appreciation for the natural world and a sense of responsibility towards its protection.In conclusion, the PEP English textbook for Unit 11 is a remarkable educational resource that seamlessly combines language learning with environmental education. Through its comprehensive andthought-provoking content, the textbook empowers students to become informed, engaged, and environmentally conscious global citizens. As they navigate the challenges and opportunities of the21st century, these students will be equipped with the knowledge, skills, and mindset necessary to contribute to a more sustainable and equitable future for all.。
九年级英语人教版11单元作文范文
九年级英语人教版11单元作文范文Learning a new language can be a challenging yet rewarding experience. As a ninth-grade student studying English using the People's Education Press textbook, I have had the opportunity to delve into the content of Unit 11 which focuses on the importance of learning a foreign language. Through this unit, I have gained a deeper understanding of the benefits and practical applications of mastering English.One of the primary reasons why learning English is so crucial is its widespread use as a global language. With over 1.5 billion speakers worldwide, English has become the predominant language of international communication, business, and academia. By learning English, I am able to engage with people from diverse cultural backgrounds, expand my professional and academic opportunities, and access a wealth of information and resources that would otherwise be inaccessible.In today's increasingly interconnected world, the ability to communicate effectively in English is not just a desirable skill but anecessity. Whether I aspire to pursue higher education, secure a fulfilling career, or simply travel and explore new destinations, proficiency in English will be a valuable asset. Through the lessons and activities in Unit 11, I have learned practical strategies for improving my English language skills, such as actively engaging in conversations, reading extensively, and immersing myself in English-language media.Moreover, learning English has opened up a world of cultural understanding and appreciation. By studying the language, I have gained insights into the customs, traditions, and perspectives of English-speaking countries. This cultural awareness not only enhances my understanding of the language but also fosters a greater sense of global citizenship and empathy. As I continue to explore the nuances of the English language, I am continuously amazed by the richness and diversity of the cultures it represents.Beyond the practical and cultural benefits, learning English has also had a profound impact on my personal growth and cognitive development. The process of acquiring a new language has challenged me to think critically, problem-solve, and adapt to new linguistic structures and patterns. This mental exercise has not only improved my overall academic performance but has also enhanced my ability to think creatively and analytically.Furthermore, the sense of accomplishment and confidence that comes with mastering a new language is truly empowering. As I progress through the lessons in Unit 11 and witness my own growth and improvement, I feel a deep sense of pride and motivation to continue honing my English skills. This sense of achievement has also had a positive impact on my self-esteem and overall well-being.In conclusion, the importance of learning English, as highlighted in Unit 11 of the People's Education Press textbook, cannot be overstated. Through this educational journey, I have gained invaluable linguistic, cultural, and personal insights that will undoubtedly benefit me throughout my life. As I continue to embrace the challenges and opportunities presented by the English language, I am confident that the knowledge and skills I acquire will serve as a powerful tool for personal and professional success.。
英语人教版unit11作文
英语人教版unit11作文As an AI language model, I can help you generate a sample essay for the English People's Education EditionUnit 11 topic. Here's a possible response:In Unit 11 of the English People's Education Edition,we have learned about different aspects of culture,including traditional customs, beliefs, and values. Culture plays a significant role in shaping our identity and influencing our behavior. It is important to understand and respect the cultural diversity that exists in the world. In this essay, we will explore the importance of cultural awareness and the impact it has on our lives.First and foremost, cultural awareness is essential for promoting understanding and tolerance among people from different backgrounds. When we take the time to learn about and appreciate the customs and traditions of other cultures, we are better equipped to build meaningful connections with individuals from diverse backgrounds. This can lead to amore harmonious and inclusive society where people feel valued and respected for who they are.Furthermore, cultural awareness helps us to broaden our perspectives and gain a deeper understanding of the world around us. By learning about the history, art, music, and literature of different cultures, we can expand our knowledge and develop a more comprehensive worldview. This can be particularly beneficial in today's globalized world, where interactions with people from various cultural backgrounds are increasingly common.In addition, cultural awareness fosters empathy and compassion towards others. When we make an effort to understand the experiences and challenges faced by individuals from different cultures, we become more empathetic and are better able to relate to their struggles. This can lead to greater solidarity and support for marginalized communities, ultimately contributing to a more equitable and just society.Moreover, cultural awareness is crucial for promotingcultural preservation and heritage. As the world becomes more interconnected, there is a risk of traditional customs and practices being lost or diluted. By raising awareness about the importance of preserving cultural heritage, we can help ensure that these valuable aspects of humanhistory are passed down to future generations.On a personal level, cultural awareness can also enrich our lives and provide us with a sense of belonging. When we embrace the diversity of cultures around us, we open ourselves up to new experiences and opportunities for personal growth. Whether it's through trying new foods, learning a new language, or participating in cultural celebrations, we can find joy and fulfillment in exploring the richness of the world's cultural tapestry.In conclusion, cultural awareness is a vital aspect of our lives that has far-reaching implications for our relationships, our communities, and our world. By valuing and respecting cultural diversity, we can create a more inclusive and harmonious society where everyone feels seen and appreciated. It is essential that we continue tocultivate cultural awareness and promote understanding across all boundaries.。
初一下册英语u11sectionb2b
初一下册英语U11 Section B 2bOne of the most vital skills that a student can learn is the ability to effectively understand and use the English language. English is not only crucial formunication in today's globalized world, but it also opens up a world of opportunities for those who are proficient in it. In the first year of junior high school in China, students are introduced to a variety of English language topics and concepts. One such topic is found in the U11 Section B 2b of the textbook.In this article, we will explore the contents of the U11 Section B 2b in the English textbook for first-year junior high school students and discuss its significance in the overall development of students' English language skills.1. Topic IntroductionThe U11 Section B 2b in the first-year junior high school English textbook focuses on the theme of "Travel". This section 本人ms to familiarize students withmon travel-related vocabulary, phrases, and sentence structures.2. Vocabulary BuildingOne of the keyponents of the U11 Section B 2b is the introduction of new vocabulary related to travel. Students are exposed to words such as "ticket", "passport", "destination", "departure", "arrival", and more. By learning these words, students are better equipped to understand and discuss travel-related topics in English.3. Sentence PatternsIn addition to vocabulary, the U11 Section B 2b also provides students with various sentence patterns that aremonly used when talking about travel. For example, students learn how to form sentences to ask for information about a flight, hotel reservation, or transportation. This helps students to develop their ability to construct meaningful and grammatically correct sentences in English.4. Listening and Speaking PracticeThe U11 Section B 2b also includes listening and speaking exercises to reinforce the vocabulary and sentence patterns introduced in the section. Through these exercises, students have the opportunity to practice their listeningprehension skills and speaking abilities in the context of travel-related scenarios.5. Importance of the TopicThe ability tomunicate effectively in English is crucial in today's interconnected world. The U11 Section B 2b plays a significant role in laying the foundation for students to develop their English language skills. By learning about travel and practicing related vocabulary and sentence patterns, students can prepare themselves to engage in conversations about travel experiences, make travel arrangements, and navigate English-speaking environments with confidence.6. Connection to Real-life SituationsTravel is a universal and relatable topic that students are likely to encounter in their d本人ly lives. Whether it's planning a family vacation,municating with international tourists, or studying abroad in the future, the ability to understand and discuss travel-related topics in English will undoubtedly be beneficial for students.7. The Future ImpactThe knowledge and skills g本人ned from the U11 Section B 2b are not only valuable for students' academic pursuits but also have real-world applications. As students progress through their English language studies, the foundation l本人d in this sectionwill continue to benefit them in their future endeavors, including further education, career opportunities, and personal enrichment through travel experiences.In conclusion, the U11 Section B 2b of the first-year junior high school English textbook plays a crucial role in introducing students to the topic of travel and equipping them with the essential vocabulary and sentence patterns needed to discuss travel-related scenarios in English. As students progress through their English language studies, the knowledge and skills g本人ned from this section will undoubtedly contribute to their overall proficiency in the language and their ability to engage in meaningfulmunication in a global context.。
Reasons for International Trade 国际贸易的原因 Presentation
(3) Skilled Workers
US, Japan, and western European countries have skilled workers who are able to manufacture sophisticated equipment and machinery such as jet aircrafts and computers, etc. Other countries, since they don't have well-trained engineers and workers, must import the equipment from these countries.
(4)Capital Resources
Developing countries need to modernize their industries and economies with advanced machinery, equipment and plant that they are not yet able to manufacture because of the lack of capital. This has given rise to the need for developing international trade.
(6) Insufficient production
(1) Favorable Climatic Conditions and Terrain
Climatic conditions and terrain are very important for agricultural produces. The difference in these factors enables some countries to grow certain plants and leaves other countries with the only choice to import the produces they consume.For example, Colombia and Brazil have the ideal climate for growing coffee beans but other countries don't. Then Colombia and Brazil have the opportunity to export coffee beans and coffee to countries worldwide. Another example is that the US Great Plains states have the ideal climate and terrain for raising wheat. This has made the US a big wheat exporter.
新编剑桥商务英语(中级)Module_11
Module 11Useful language from Module 11wordlistascend/ascent descend/descent go down middlemen break-even total disparity go up overheads change hands factor gross domestic peak charities fall product remain stable crash fluctuate increase rise decline fluctuation level out soar decrease freight mark-upExpressionsanother reason forasas a result ofbecausedue to the fact thatin response to your enquiry about...at present the company seems to be performing well/badlyon the one hand...but on the other...one advantage/disadvantage is that...one other thing to consider is...despite…I would still suggest that...overall, I would strongly recommend that...the fact that...makes this a good/poor investment opportunity.Module 11.1 Ethical economicsCoffeenomicsreading1 First ask the class what they think the section title, Ethical economics, means or refers to Students then work in pairs to brainstorm a list of stages in the process of making coffee. Take answers afterwards from the class and build up a complete list on the board. Possible answers- coffee grown- coffee picked- coffee transported- coffee packed- coffee sold and shipped- coffee sold on to shops- coffee bought and drunk 2 Before students start exercise 2, ask them to look at the title of the article on page 107, Coffeenomics, and say which two words have been combined to make this (unreal) word. The words are coffee and economics.Students then study the four visual aids from a presentation and find the missing facts and figures in the article.Answers1 10p(pence)2 153 504 505 rent6 service charge7 coffee8 1.263 Students complete the text with sentences A-F. Answers1 B2 A3 F4 E5 CD is the extra sentence.Financial and trade termsvocabulary4 Students match the words in bold from the article to the definitions.Answers1 middlemen2 disparity3 change hands4 overheads5 factor in6 break-even total7 mark-up8 freight9 gross domestic product 10 charities ExtensionAsk in-work students to describe aspects of their business using as many of the words as possible, eg Do they have to deal with "middlemen" or can they supply their customers directly?The economics of your countrySpeaking5 The four questions require some level of knowledge about the economics of a country. Make sure at least one person in each group has a good knowledge of their country's economy. An alternative is to discuss the questions as a class and ask students who know a lot on the topic. With pre-work students, the questions make a useful research project which they could carry out online and then report back on in the next lesson.ArticlesGrammar1 This grammar section should be a review of articlesfor students but if they have difficulties they should refer to the grammar summary on page 130. When checking the answers, ask students to give their reasons.Answers1 0 (Fair-trade is the name of the organisation)2 an (singular noun)3 a (singular noun mentioned for the first time)4 the (before a superlative)5 the (there is only one)6 an (singular noun)7 the (name of country)8 a (singular noun)9 the (refers to "foundation"-there is only one)10 0 (plural noun)Photocopiable activity 11.1See page 180.Fair-tradeListening2 Students look at the products and discuss the questions as a class. Find out how well known Fair-trade is in the students' countries.3 Listening 11.1 Ask students to read the questions before they listen. They then listen and choose the best endings for the eight sentences.Answers1 C2 A3 C4 A5 B6 B7 B8 B11.1 Listening scriptI = Interviewer IB = Ian BretmanI So, Ian. I understand that the original idea for Fair-trade came in 1989. How did it happen?IB Actually, the Fair-trade Foundation itself was finally set up in 1992, but yes, you're right, the catalyst for the spread of Fair-trade was three years earlier when the international coffee agreement that controlled prices collapsed with the withdrawal of the US. At that time coffee was the world's biggest agricultural commodity. In a few months the price fell by half. It was a huge disaster for the twenty million people growing and processing coffee around the world. Many of the producing countries were dependent on coffee for over half their exports.I Can you give us some examples of how you help, exactly?IB One way is that we encourage producers to learn how to compete effectively in international markets. We help farmers coming into the system to develop the capacity to cope with fulfilling demand and we set a minimum guaranteed price for their products.I I see. But as well as helping farmers directly, you also have influence on governments, don't you? I mean, governments are talking more and more about fairer global trade...IB Yes, we're finding that the issues we've been talking about for the past ten years are moving up the agenda. For example, we're having more of a debate on how we can achieve economic growth and social justice, as both are needed. As a result, leaders of larger Fair-trade organisations have been invited to high-level international meetings and economic forums. We can use our experience to illustrate to governments how trade can be better managed.I But how do you convince people who say economic growth is the answer to everything? Don't these people argue that Fair-trade isn't good for free trade?IB Well, I worked in business for a long time and so I understand the need for a free market, but it seems unlikely to me that when it comes to social problems, like global poverty, the answer is just an economic one, because social choices have to be made, too. Our point is really about priorities. Increasing flows of trade will help wealth goes down to the people who need it most. That requires a little bit more management. Fair-trade has practical experience on the ground in how you can combine the best of both. How you can get people to operate effectively and competitively while trading in a way that producers can earn a decent living and improve their lives. In the long run, if they do improve their lives, they too will become consumers and purchasers.I So is this the message you give businesses to make them change to Fair-trade products?IB It's in the interest of any business to take the message on board, not only to improve their public image but also as a recruiting tool for the future. The younger generation is well informed and wants to be part of the solution. Companies find that having a social conscience has a positive effect on recruiting and retaining good staff. Staff get excited about persuading consumers to buy products that make a difference topeople's lives.I It sounds like that's what motivates you, too.IB For my part - yes - meeting the producers and seeing what a difference Fair-trade can make to their lives is really quite inspiring.Giving reasons and benefitsSpeaking4 This task resembles Part Three of the Speaking Test so students need to work in pairs and discuss the two items. Allow about four minutes and then ask each pair to present their ideas. As you listen, monitor and give some feedback on how to improve the discussion and types of expressions that will help.Module 11.2 Discussing trendsAlternative energy sourcesSpeaking1 Put students into groups of three of four to discuss which types of energies would be a good investment. Their responses may depend upon which part of the world they come from.Possible answersa) Wind power has already been implemented in many countries though some people say it can never provide enough energy on its own. The initial cost is also very high.b) Solar power is being widely used either on people's own houses or in the form of huge areas of land with solar panels. The cost of technology is falling for this energy so it looks like a good investment.c) Bio fuels which make use of residue from plants are already used in some cars. They look set to provide one solution to the lack of petrol fuels.d) Coal is criticized for the pollution it creates and many countries are looking at alternatives which suggests it isn't a good investment. However, in some parts of the world such as China there are huge coal reserves which are only now being mined and used in power stations. In this case coal may still be a good investment but be bad for the environment.e) Wave power has many of the same pros and cons as wind power.f) Nuclear power has attracted bad publicity in the past but more recently many governments have returned to the idea of building nuclear power stations in the next century in order to solve the potential shortage of energy. Private investment may yet provide good returns.Good greedReading2 Students complete the article as in Part Four of the Reading Test.Answers1 B2 B3 A4 C5 D6 B7 C8 D9 A 10 B 11 B 12 A 13 D 14 A 15 C3 Discuss the questions as a class.AnswerThe graph shows that while solar power costs twice as much per kilowatt-hour than traditional energy sources used on power grids at present, its costs have been falling continuously since the early nineties. The line showing the average price for power from the grid for residential energy is also climbing. If these trends continue, solar power may become very competitive, making it a good long-term investment.Describing trendsvocabulary4 Students find the trend words in the last two paragraphs of the article and complete the table. They may find it helpful to use a good dictionary to check whether the word is a verb, noun or adjective. If students know more trend words, these can be added to the table (see also the next Extension activity). Answers1 peak (n)2 rising (v)3 soar (v)4 remained stable (v)5 crash (n)6 go down (v)7 descent (n)8 declined(v)ExtensionIf students are using dictionaries, ask them to find out if the words have other forms, eg the verb increase can also be the noun increase and its adjective form is increased. You could draw this table on the board and ask students to complete it with more trend words in their different forms. Write in the first examples to help: Verb adjective nounto increase increased increaseto fluctuate fluctuating fluctuationPronunciationStudents should mark the stressed syllable in the trend words. They can use their dictionaries to check. Pay special attention to stressed syllables which move in different word forms, eg fluctuate / fluctuation.Photocopiable activity 11.2See page 181.Reasons for trendsListening1 11.2 This listening continues the work on trend language on the previous page, but here students also focus on the language for explaining reasons for trends. AnswersA no speakerB 2C 4D 3E 1F 511.2 Listening scriptS = SpeakerS1 I think wind power is probably a good long-term investment because its growth has been slow but fairly consistent over the last decade, and more and more wind farms seem to be appearing, so someone must be making money - unless it's all coming from government subsidies. So if you can spare some money for the next fifty years or so I'd say you're probably on to a good thing.S2 The whole eco-investment craze is a bit risky at this stage. It's all a bit up and down due to the fact that some governments are saying now is the time to look for alternative energies and others are still using coal and oil. It's so political that you only need a change of government and the whole thing changes again. Certainly in the short term it's going to be difficult to predict...S3 Actually, I'd say oil is still a good one - at least in the short term. It's really kept increasing very well and I don't know anyone who's lost. Another reason for putting your money in oil companies is that quite a few are also developing environmentally-friendly fuels...S4 It's funny, because everyone was trying to get out of nuclear energy for a while. We all thought it would be replaced with wind power and solar energy. Anyway, as a result of governments suddenly realizing for at least the next century we won't be able to get enough energy from natural sources, nuclear will probably have a bit of a revival. So I wouldn't move all your money out of that industry just yet...S5 The one you hear about least is wave power but there are one or two companies that are investing heavily in the technology. I suppose with all the sea it's worth looking into, but overall I wouldn't expect it to do well for the small, short-term investor. Anyone with money here already won't have seen much change in the near future, either, as it's going to be slow to develop.2 11.2 Give students time to read extracts 1-5 before playing the recordings again. Students write in the missing words that are used to explain reasons for trends.Answers1 because2 due to the fact that3 Another reason for4 as a result of5 asDiscussing trendsSpeaking3 Students create sentences in pairs to describe recent real trends. Make sure they use trend words from exercise4 on page 111, and linking expressions for explaining reasons from exercise 2 on page 112. At the end, ask different pairs to say some of their sentences. If students are from different countries it will be interesting to find out and compare the differences in trends and reasons from around the world.A proposalWriting4 Students can work alone or in pairs or small groups to read the information and then draw up a list of reasons for and against investing. Note that they can also add their own ideas, eg we know from the previous article on page 111 that solar energy is tipped to become a profitable investment.Possible answers(based on information given)Reasons for:- it has a new deal with Mainline Energy worth 190million euros- the company has over ten years' experience in a relatively new field- it hit a high earlier in the year- the recent fall is described by many analysts as a short-term problem- it has developed a new silicon-saving technologyReasons against:- its recent stock price fell by half- there is a shortage of silicon.5 Students use their list of reasons in exercise 4 to writea proposal. They will also find the list of expressions helpful. You could also refer students back to page 72 in Module 7, which presented another type of proposal.Possible answerDear Mr. Keating,In response to your enquiry about Sungreen Power, the company seems to be performing well.One thing to consider is their new sales agreement with Mainline Energy, worth 190 million euros. This should help their share price which recently halved. On the one hand this was caused by a shortage of silicon, but on the other hand Sungreen specialize in technology which requires less silicon.So despite the fall, I would still suggest you consider investing. The fact that solar power costs have continuously fallen since the early nineties and look set to equal normal energy costs in the next few year makes this a good investment opportunity.Feel free to call me to discuss any further queries you might have.Best regards!Module 11.3 Reading test: Part threeExam practiceAsk students to read the introduction to Part Three of the Reading Test. Refer them to the Exam Success tip before they read the text and answer the questions.Answers1 C2 D3 B4 A5 D6 D。
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Unit 11 Reasons for International Trade
U
CAD/C$
EUR/€
HKD/HK$
(Confederation Helvetica, 海尔维第联邦 )
CHF/SF
Understanding of the Text
(3) because the United States can produce 1 unit
of steel for each unit of wool it foregoes, whereas the Australians can produce only 1/2 unit of steel for each unit of wool they give up. Thus, if Americans produce their wool at home by cutting back on steel production, their opportunity cost is 1 unit of steel for each unit of wool. Because the cost of wool, in terms of steel, is relatively less in Australia than in the United States, the Australians have a comparative advantage in wool production. It would therefore pay the American to specialize in steel production and buy their wool from Australia,
Home
§ Reasons for International Trade
Resources reasons Economic reasons Other reasons
1.
Resources reasons
No nation has all of the commodities that it needs Coffee: Colombia, Brazil: major grower of coffee beans， the USA: major consumer Copper: Peru, Zaire Diamonds: South Africa
Text Analysis: Language points
domestic （Para 2 in Text A ) domestic market/economy/demand 国内市
场/国内经济/国内需求 The domestic economy showed no improvement. 国内经济没有好转的迹象。 domestic chores/life 家庭琐事/家庭生活 Nowadays there is more sharing of domestic chores. 现在更分担干家务活了。 domestic appliances 家用电器
Home
Understanding of the Text
(2) Foreign trade is mutually beneficial, even
when one nation is absolutely more efficient in the production of every good, as long as there are differences in the relative costs of producing the various goods in the two potential trading nations. The theory of comparative advantage is closely tied to the concept of opportunity cost. If one nation is more efficient than another in producing both wheat and computers, trade is profitable as long as the relative costs of the two goods are different in the two countries. Home
Uneven distribution of resources leads to international trade
coffee
copper
diamond
2. Economic reasons
Development of manufacturing and technology economic benefits — another incentive for international trade. Gain economically by trading China has been able to export large quantities of radios and television sets because it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. Economic theory: produce and export the products which a country has comparative advantage. (more in Ch. 2)
an effect （与某人[某物]）有关; 有效; 适用 These rules don't always apply. 这些规则并非 总能行得通. What I have said applies only to some of you. 我所说的只适用於你们当中的一部分人.
Text Analysis: Language points
CONTENTS
Spot Dictation
Phonetic Pickup Warm-up Activities
Understanding of the Text
Text Analysis: Language points
Listening and Speaking
Spot Dictation
Congratulations! Now you have got a general idea of the text. Therefore, we may go into the text and explore its details.
Text Analysis: Language points
Keys:
(1) against; (2) urging; (3) filing; (4) launching;
(5) raw;
(6) conscious; (7) preference;
(8) restrict;
(9) despite; (10) eliminate
Home
Understanding of the Text
swap
to give something to someone and get
something in return 交换, 交易; 交换; 与...交 换; 以...作交换 = exchange Do you want to swap umbrellas? swap sth for sth She had swapped her long skirts for jeans and T shirts. He swapped his London home for a cottage in Scotland.
gross (Para 1 in Text A) gross income/salary/pay毛收入（税前）
This is a family with gross earnings of just
£75 per week 这个家庭每周总收入才75磅。 gross weight 毛重 gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总 值 gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值
Understanding of the Text
(4) One nation has comparative advantage
over another for a given product when its opportunity cost for producing that product is less than that of another. (5) Open to discussion.
Text Analysis: Language points
apply (to sb) for sth: make a formal request
申请; 请求
apply for a job, post, passport, visa 申请工作﹑ 职位﹑ 护照﹑ 签证. apply to sb/sth: be relevant (to sb/sth); have
(1) One obvious reason for foreign trade applies to
those goods that a nation cannot produce at home because it lacks the natural or technological resources. Secondly, when one nation produces less of a good than another nation at the same cost, it should import that good rather than produce it at home so as to reduce cost.