Research Paper(Part I)
2024年研究生英语试卷
2024年研究生英语试卷The 2024 Graduate English Test Paper。
Part I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)。
Section A。
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The Importance of Time Management。
Time management is a crucial skill for graduate students, as they often have to juggle multiple responsibilities, such as coursework, research, teaching, and personal commitments. Effective time management can 1)_____ stress, improve productivity, and lead to a better work-life balance. However, many students struggle with managing their time effectively. Here are some tips to help you improve your time management skills.First, it is important to set clear goals and prioritize tasks. Without clear goals, it is easy to get 2)_____ and lose track of time. By setting specific, achievable goals, you can stay focused and avoid wasting time on unimportant activities. In addition, it is essential to prioritize tasks based on their importance and deadlines. This will help you allocate your time and energy 3)_____ and ensure that you meet your deadlines.Second, it is important to eliminate distractions and create a conducive work environment. Distractions, such as social media, 4)_____ phone calls, and noisy environments, can disrupt your concentration and lead to procrastination. By identifying and eliminating these distractions, you can create a productive work environment that 5)_____ you to focus on your tasks and complete them efficiently.Third, it is important to use time management tools, such as calendars, planners, and to-do lists, to organize your tasks and schedule your time effectively. These tools can help you 6)_____ deadlines, plan your daily activities, and track your progress. By using these tools, you can stay organized and ensure that you 7)_____ your tasks on time.In conclusion, time management is a critical skill for graduate students, and it requires 8)_____ and effort to develop. By setting clear goals, prioritizing tasks, eliminating distractions, and using time management tools, you can improve your time management skills and 9)_____ your productivity. With effective time management, you can achieve your academic and personal goals while maintaining a healthy work-life balance.Section B。
researchpaper的结构
researchpaper的结构Research papers typically follow a specific structure, which consists of several sections. The specific format and organization may vary slightly depending on the field and the requirements of the research institution or journal. However, in general, a research paper includes the following sections:1. Title: The title should be concise and informative, summarizing the main focus of the research.2. Abstract: This is a brief summary of the paper, highlighting the research question, methods used, key findings, and main conclusions. It usually does not exceed 250 words.3. Introduction: In this section, the research problem or question is introduced, and its significance and relevance are explained. The objectives and aims of the study are outlined, and an overview of existing literature and previous research on the topic is provided.4. Literature Review: Here, the researcher examines and discusses the existing body of literature related to the research question. The review should highlight the current state of knowledge on the topic, identify gaps or inconsistencies in the literature, and explain how the current study willcontribute to the field.5. Methodology: This section explains the research design, methods, and procedures used to collect and analyze data. It should clearly describe the research approach, participant selection criteria, data collection tools, and data analysis techniques employed in the study.6. Results: The findings obtained from the analysis of the collected data are presented in this section. The results should be presented objectively, using statistical analysis or other relevant methods. Tables, figures, and graphs may be used to illustrate the findings.7. Discussion: In the discussion section, the researcher interprets and analyzes the results, relating them back to the research question and objectives. The findings are discussed in the context of existing knowledge, and any limitations or implications of the study are addressed. This section often includes an assessment of the study's strengths and weaknesses.8. Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the main findings and their implications. It restates the research question and objectives, and provides a concise answer to the research question based on the results. Suggestions for future research may be included as well.9. References: This section lists all the sources cited in the paper, following a specific citation style such as APA orMLA. It is important to properly cite all the information and ideas that are not original to the researcher.10. Appendices: Any supplementary materials, such as survey questionnaires, interview transcripts, or additional statistical analyses, can be included in the appendices section.It is important to note that the length and specific content of each section may vary depending on the requirements of the research institution or journal. Additionally, some research papers may include additional sections such as an acknowledgments section or a conflict of interest statement.。
硕士学位英语考试试题
硕士学位英语考试试题PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 MINUTES, 15 points) Section A ( 1 point each )1. A. He was on vacation. B. He was moving furniture.C. He was sick.D. He was working for a new company.2. A. He does not understand it. B. He does not like it.C. He is used to it.D. He does not have to take it.3. A. He is interested only in her ideas.B. He will not accept a late paper from her.C. He wants her to hand in her paper immediately.D. He will accept a late paper from her.4. A. In a kitchen. B. In a garden. C. At the pictures. D. In an office.5. A. Five B. Four. C. Seven. D. Six.6. A. She was experienced in riding a bicycle.B. She was riding very slowly at that moment.C. She was riding a new bike.D. Some passes-by help her.7. A. She can't see. B. Her ears was hurt.C. She can’t hear.D. Her eyes hurt.8. A. She feels that he won't accept anything.B. She thinks he has almost everything he wants.C. She's sure he already has a pocket calculator.D. She's afraid he wants more than she can afford.9. A. At the jewelry store. B. Down the hall.C. From other customers.D. From a machineSection B ( 1 point each )Question 10 through 12 are base on the following conversation.10. A. Peter's research paper. B. Peter's composition.C.A library book.D. Peter's take-home exam.11. A. By studying in the library. B. He was absent that day.C. He did very well.D. He did very poorly.12. A. Talk to the professor. B. Quit working.C. Get a better-paying job.D. Try to get a job on the campus.Question 13 through 15 are base on the following passage.13. A. The development of animals. B. The development of land animal.C. The origin of sea creatures.D. The origin of human beings14. A. Stand on their heads. B. Swim backward.C. Move on their fins.D. Swim upside down.15. A. The appearance of tile fish. B. The size and the color of fish.C. The way the fish swims.D. The way the Fish uses its fins.PART II VOCABULARY ( 10 MINUTES, 10 POINTS )Section A ( 0.5 point each )16. Frank and Jauntier asked their science teacher to settle the dispute once and for all.A. temporarilyB. permanentlyC. cautiouslyD. decisively17.The police found it difficult to apprehend the criminal because of the incomplete details supplied by the witness.A. sketchyB. complicatedC. sternD. artistic18.In order to maintain physical well-being, a person should eat wholesome food and get sufficient exercise.A. freshB. staleC. well-cookedD. healthful19. Not afraid of being fired, John Smith continued to defy the boss.A. avoidB. admireC. opposeD. guide20. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks.A. propertiesB. behaviorC. disadvantagesD. performances21. After a number of disagreements with the committee, the chairman decided to quit.A. resignB. dismissC. retireD. desert22. The experiment shows this cathode emits electrons in a controlled environment.A. submitsB. gives offC. rejectsD. passes by .23. To what place are you going to haul the furniture that you no longer need.A. sellB. putC. transportD. paint24. The zealous demonstrators were ignored by all the media of this country.A. passionateB. colorfulC. rudeD. clever25. In prehistoric times, eclipses of the moon and Sun were probably terrifying to people.A. meaningfulB. fascinatingC. frighteningD. helpfulSection B (0.5 point each)26. Lisa objected to wearing her championship pin; she didn't want to be considered ______.A. obscureB. VainC. dishonestD. humble27. The meeting ended ______.when a police officer told club members that the building was on fire.A. affectedlyB. fatallyC. exhaustinglyD. abruptlyZ8.Marie fainted in the store and found herself in the hospital when she ______.A. came alongB. came backC. came toD. came out29.The boys knew they broken the rules and regulations, and they were______happy when they were called to the headmaster's office.A. nothing butB. all butC. anything butD. all too30. His parents gave him many expensive toys as some form of ______.for his lameness and inability to lay active games.A. compensationB. remedyC. treatmentD. gratitude3l. The teacher was______.of his duty, and he was criticized for this.A. illegibleB. NegligentC. illegalD. negligible32. What I am telling you is strictly______. Don't let anyone know of it.A. secretiveB. specialC. individualD. confidential33. The beautiful flowers in the vase______.hrough lack of water.A. decreasedB. sweatedC. witheredD. ripened34. She's always______.the way I do things, so I can hardly get along welt with her.A. making the best ofB. finding fault withC. coming up withD. having the advantage over35. The young lady speaks so softly that her voice is not really______.A. fragileB. audibleC. brittleD. decentPART III CLOZE TEST (I0 MINUTES, 15 POINTS)Parents have to do much less for their children today than they used to do, and home has become much less of a workshop. Clothes can be bought ready 36, washing can go to the laundry, food can be bought cooked, canned or 37 ,bread is baked and delivered by the baker, milk 38 on the doorstep, meals can be had at the restaurant ,the works' canteen and the school dining-room.It is unusual now for father to 39 his trade or other employment at home, and his children rarely, 40, see him at his place of work. Boys are therefore seldom trained to 41 their father's occupation and in many towns they have a fair wide 42 of employment and so do girls. The young wage-earner often earns good money, and soon acquires a feeling of 43 independence. In textile areas it has 44 for mothers to go out to work, 45 this practice has become so widespread that the working mother is now a not unusual 46 in a child's home life the number of married women in employment having more than doubled in the last twenty-five years. With mother earning and his old children-draw 47 wages, father is seldom the 48 figure that he still was at the beginning of the Century. 49 mother work, economic advantages increase, but children lose something of 50 value if mother's employment prevent her from being home to greet them when they return from school.36. A. made B. shaped C. set D. fixed37. A. deserved B. preserved C. reserved D. conserved38. A. arrives B. reaches C. transports D. transfers39. A. persuade B. pursue C. purchase D. persecute40. A. if ever B. if not C. if any D. if only41. A. catch B. make C. get D. follow42. A. distribution B. opportunity C. fate D. choice43. A. economic B. economical C. personal D. living44. A. customary B. essential C. fundamental D. unnecessary45. A. or B. but C. so D. then46. A. focus B. favor C. factor D. fear47. A. inaccurate B. substantial C. inadequate D. standard48. A. negative B. modest C. superior D. dominant49. A. Even if B. Though C. Before D. When50. A. little B. small C. large D. greatPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 MINUTES, 30 POINTS)Passage OneWe use emotive language to express our own attitudes and feelings. We also direct emotive language at other people to persuade them to believe as we do or to do as we wantthem to do; and of course, other people direct emotive language at us to get us to believe or to do what they want.We are subjected to a constant stream of persuasion day in, day out, at home and in school, on the radio and on television. It comes from parents and teachers, from preachers and politicians, from editors and commentators, but, most of all, of course, from advertisers. Most of this persuasion is expressed in emotive language and is intended to appeal to our feelings rather than to be weighted up by our powers of reasoning.We should look at the motives behind all this persuasion. Why do they want to persuade us ? What do they want us to do ? We are not thinking very clearly unless we try to see through the veil of words and realize something of the speaker's purpose.An appeal to emotion is in itself neither good or bad. Our emotions on the highest levels and from the best of motives. A case in point is Churchill's wartime speeches: whatever people thought of Churchill as a politician, they were united behind him when he spoke as a national leader in those dark days their feelings responded to his call for resolution and unity.It is a characteristic of social groups that the members have a feeling of personal attachment to the group -- to the family in earliest childhood and extending later to the school, the team, the church, the nation, in patterns that vary from time to time. Hence a speaker from our group will find in us feelings to which he can readily and genuinely appeal, whether our reaction is favorable or not. We are at least open to the appeal and we appreciate the context in which it is made.51. The major functions of emotive language discussed in the passage are to______A. extend our powers of reasoning and carry out a purposeB. advertise and produce the wanted social effectsC. show one's Feelings and appeal to those of othersD. make others believe in us and respond to our feeling52. It is suggested in the third paragraph of this passage that we______A. should keep a cool head when subjected to persuasions of various kindsB. need to judge whether a persuasion is made for good or badC. have to carefully use our emotive languageD. should avoid being easily seen through by an appeal from others53. The source from which emotive language flows upon us in its greatest amount is______A. the mass mediaB. the educational institutionsC. the religious circlesD. the advertising business54. Churchill is mentioned in the passage as______A. an example of how people weighted up persuasion with reasoningB. a national leader who brought out people's best feelingsC. a positive example of appealing to people's emotionD. a politician who has been known as a good speaker55. What is NOT mentioned as relevant to our emotions in this passage ?A. SocialB. Personal experienceC. The personality of national leadersD. Religious belief56. It can be inferred from the passage that a persuasive speaker must______.A. find out what group his audience is attached toB. vary his speech patterns from time to timeC. know how to adapt his way of speaking to the needs of the audienceD. be aware whether the listeners are favorable to his opinion or notPassage TwoAs goods and services improved, people were persuaded to spend their money on changing from old to new, and found the change worth the expense. When an airline equipped itself with jets, for example, its costs (and therefore air fare) would go up, but the new planes meant such an improvement that the higher cost was justified. A new car (or wireless, washing machine, electric kettle)made life so much more comfortable than the old one that the high cost of replacement was fully repaid. Manufacturers still cry their wares as persuasively as ever, but are the improvements really worth paying for? In many field things have now reached such a high standard of performance that further progress is very limited and very, very expensive. Airlines, for example, go to enormous expense in buying the latest prestige jets, in which vast research costs we might lose the chance of cutting minutes away from flying times : but wouldn't it be better to see air fares drop dramatically, as capital costs become relatively insignificant ? Again, in the context of a 70 m.p.h. limit, with platoons of cars traveling so densely as to control each other's speeds, improvements in performance are virtually irrelevant; improvements in handling are unnecessary, as most production cars grip the road perfectly;and comfort has now reached a very high level indeed. Small improvements here are unlikely to be worth the thousands that anybody replacing an ordinary family car every two years may ultimately have spent on them. Let us instead have cars --- or wireless, electric kettles, washing machines, television sets-- which are made to last, and not to be replaced. Significant, progress is obviously a good thing; but the insignificant progression from model-change to model-change is not.57. The author obviously is challenging the social norm that______A. it is important to improve goods and servicesB. development of technology makes our life more comfortableC. it is reasonable that prices are going up all the timeD. slightly modified new products are worth buying58. According to this passage, air fares may rise because______.A. people tend to travel by new airplanesB. the airplane has been improvedC. the change is found to be reasonableD. the service on the airplane is better than before59. According to the author, passengers would be happier if they ______.A. could fly in the latest model of reputable planesB. could get tickets at much lower pricesC. see the airlines make vital changes in their servicesD. could spend less time flying in the air60. When manufacturers have improved the performance of their products to a certain level, then it would be _____.A. justified for them to cut the priceB. unnecessary for them to make any new changesC. difficult and costly to further better themD. insignificant for them to cut down the research costs61. In the case of cars, the author urges that we______A. cancel the speed limitB. further improve their performanceC. improve their durabilityD. change models every two years 62 The author's criticism is probably based on the fact that______A. we have been persuaded to live an extravagant life todayB. many products we buy turn out to be substandard or inferiorC. inflation is becoming a big problem in the world todayD. people are wasting their money on trivial technological progressPassage ThreeRecent studies on the male-female wage gap predict that even though entry-level salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because women's market skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several factors that are likely to change very slowly, if at all. An important reason is that women are concentrated in occupation- service and clerical- that pay less than traditional male jobs .It is possible that more women than men in their twenties are hesitant to commit themselves to a year-round lifetime career or job for many reasons. There is lingering attitude on both the part of women and their employers that women are not cut out for certain jobs. Not only does this attitude channel women into lower-paying work, but it also serves to keep them from top management positions.Another significant factor in the widening wage gap between men and women after entering the work force, even in comparable jobs, is that women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child rearing; even if they continue to work, they often forgo overtime and promotions that would conflict with home responsibilities. The ages of 25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security. These are precisely the years when women are likely to have children and begin to slide away from men in earning power. Consequently, a woman's income is more likely to be seen as secondary to her husband's .63. According to recent studies on the male-female wage gap _____.A. there is much hope of narrowing the male-female wage gap in the near futureB. working women will have many opportunities to hold high-paying jobs in the near futureC. women's pay will still stay at a level below that of men in the near futureD. salaries for males and females in the same , occupation will be equal in the nearfuture64. Women are kept from top management positions partly because they______A. decide to devote themselves to certain lifetime jobs in their twentiesB. are inclined to rank family second to workC. tend to have more quarrels with ,their employersD. still take an incorrect attitude towards themselves65.Which of the following is implied in the passage as a partial reason for women's concentration in certain occupations?A. Social division of laborB. Social prejudice against themC. Employment lawsD. Physiological weakness66. The word "forge" in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by______A. give upB. drop outC. throw awayD. cut out67. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______A. men's jobs are subject to changeB. women tend to be employed off and on at the same jobC. men's chances of promotion are minimalD. women used to be employed ail the year round68. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Women's market skills have improved greatly.B. child care is still chiefly women's work .C. Women are typically employed in clerical and service jobs.D. Domestic duties no longer conflict with women's jobs.Passage FourIt seems that the life of a television reporter is fantastically admired by many people. But this is only one side of the coin. First, he never goes deeply into any one subject-he may be expert at mastering a brief in a short time and "getting up" a subject, but a week later he is on to the next subject, and a week later still he is on to the subject after that. He seldom grasps with a full-scale investigation any one thing. He has to be able to forget what he was working on a few weeks before, otherwise his mind would become messed up.Second, a reporter does not have anything lasting to show for what he does-there is no shelf of books, no studio full of paintings. He pours his life into something which flickers in shadows across a screen and is gone forever. I have seen people in many television jobs turn at the end of watching one of their own programs and say something like: "Well, that's all those days / weeks / months of work. Travel and worry sunk without trace." As a way of life it comes to seem like blowing bubbles- entertaining to do, and the bubbles numerous and pretty to look at, and all different, but all disappearing into thin air.Third, the pace of the life is too fast. Not only is it destructive of one's private life; one does not even have time to give proper consideration to the things one is professionally concerned with not enough time to think, not enough time to read, not enough time to write one's commentary, prepare one's interviews and so on. When one disengages from it and allows one's perceptions, thinking, reading and the rest to proceed at their natural pace one gets an altogether unfamiliar sense of solidity and well--being.Fourth, the reporter is at the mercy of events. A revolution breaks out in Cuba so he is off here on the next plane. Somebody shoots President Reagan so he drops everything he is doing and flies to Washington. He is like a puppet pulled by strings -- the strings of the world's affairs. He is not motivated from within. He does not decide for himself what he would like to do , where he would like to go, what he would like to work on . He is activated from without, and his whole life becomes a kind of reflex action, a series of high-pressure responses to external stimuli. He has ceased to exist as an independent personality.69. A TV reporter never makes an in-depth study of a subject because______A. he usually gets one side of the pictureB. the subjects that he has to attend to often switch from one to anotherC. he does not know how to develop it to its full-scaleD. that is the life that suits him70. It is implied but not stated that many people______A. know nothing about the work of a TV reporterB. think the life of a TV reporter dull and boringC. have a biased opinion against the job of a TV reporterD. tend to underestimate the hard part of being a TV reporter71. TV reporting, according to this passage , is something______A. profitable for a person to take upB. interesting to do but quick to fade outC. causing a person to forget his previous workD. producing a lasting effect72. A TV reporter is in most need of______A. being a master of his timeB. proper consideration of his professionC. a comfortable life of his ownD. disengaging himself from work73. The activities of a TV reporter are largely geared to______A. his motivationB. his working styleC. current affairsD. reflex to pressure74. The title of this passage would best be given as______A. What a TV Reporter Can and Cannot AccomplishB. The Sorrows of TV ProfessionalsC. The Confession of a TV ReporterD. The Drawbacks in the Life of a TV ReporterPassage FiveThe urge to explore is innate in Man. Wherever his imagination wanders, Man seeks also to go. A large part of history is concerned with the exploration of the world in which we live. Time and again men have set out with amazing courage and resolution to probe into unknown regions and lands. They crossed the seas in flimsy boats, traversed continents, scaled mountains, fought their way through jungles and swamps, endure untold hardships -- all to explore, to see what had not yet been seen, to make known the unknown. Nor did Man confine his movements to the surface of land and sea. With kites balloons and aircraft he left the ground to range through the lower atmosphere. Now outer space receives his attention.The hard way to answer the question, why should Man bother about conquering space, is to attempt to list the specific practical benefits that will result. One knows, from past experience in other areas, that Man will surely see and discover new things in space, that will increase our store of scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about Man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be invaluable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep men alive in space, will inevitably find their way into valuable practical uses in everyday living. The areas that will benefit are manifold. They include communications, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, conservation of resources, navigation, human comfort and welfare, biology and medicine, materials, fuels and many others. But to state specifically just what the practical outcomes will be is virtually impossible.75. Exploration of the unknown______A. often results in Man's power of imaginationB. is not common throughout human historyC. is generally sought after by men with courage and strengthD. is deeply rooted in the instinct of Man76. Which of the following best sketches the process of Man's probe into the unknown world?A. Surface of the earth, the air and spaceB. Waters, mountains and forestsC. Waters, mountains and forestsD. Urge, imagination and courage77. The benefits of space exploration are basically something______A. well-specifiedB. hypotheticalC. practicalD. inevitable78. According to this passage, the value of exploring the outer space will ultimately lie in______A. its testimony Man's courage and resolutionB. the knowledge it may help us to gain about our earthC. the results it may bring about in the interests of ManD. Man's mastery of techniques to fly and stay alive in space79. From this passage we can conclude that Man should have confidence in exploring space because______A. we have directed our attention to the right object of studyB. we have accumulated experience from previous success to other fields.C. we have found the correct answer to the question of why Man should bother about conquering spaceD. we have already made it possible for people to benefit from his endeavor80. The idea express in this passage can be use in an argument ______A. in favor of criticism on space exploration.B. against spacing million of money on space argument.C. supported of paralleling man’s conquest with of space .D. to justify space exploration with its for reaching significant in life.PAPER TWOPART V TRANSLATION (40 MINUTES, 20 POINTS )Section A (20 minutes, l0 points)Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on Answer Sheet II.Many stories in the history of science show that chance plays a definite part in scientific discovery. However, a further analysis of these stories also reveals that chance alone is not sufficient for findings of primary importance. Scientific discovery also depends on how a scientist utilizes accidental opportunities. To ensure success, a scientist must, first of all, be able to react in a positive manner to unexpected and even apparently adverse results, taking them as stimulation for further investigation. Secondly, he must possess a superior power of observation to recognize the significance of those phenomena which often seem trivial and, therefore, may easily escape notice. This power of observation consists in a dual quality of' being sensitive to, and curious about, small accidental occurrences and of possessing a frame of reference capable of suggesting the true significance of those phenomena. Finally, he should be equipped with the capacity to plan and undertake careful and systematic experimentation.Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.为了解决人类在发展过程中出现的较为难以解决的问题，全球范围内最优秀的科学家，有必要开展有效的合作。
专业英语八级考题试卷及答案
专业英语八级考题试卷及答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Writing a Research PaperI. Research Papers and Ordinary EssayA. Similarity in (1) __________:e.g. —choosing a topic—asking questions—identifying the audienceB. Difference mainly in terms of (2) ___________1. research papers: printed sources2. ordinary essay: ideas in one's (3) ___________II. Types and Characteristics of Research PapersA. Number of basic types: twoB. Characteristics:1. survey-type paper:—to gather (4) ___________—to quote—to (5) _____________The writer should be (6) ___________.2. argumentative (research) paper:a. The writer should do more, e.g.—to interpret—to question, etc.b. (7) _________varies with the topic, e.g.—to recommend an action, etc.III. How to Choose a Topic for a Research PaperIn choosing a topic, it is important to (8) __________.Question No. 1: your familiarity with the topicQuestion No. 2: Availability of relevant information on the chosen topic Question No. 3: Narrowing the topic down to (9) _________Question No. 4: Asking questions about (10) ___________The questions help us to work out way into the topic and discover its possibilities. SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. What is the purpose of Professor McKay's report?A. To look into the mental health of old people.B. To explain why people have negative views on old age.C. To help correct some false beliefs about old age.D. To identify the various problems of old age2. Which of the following is NOT Professor McKay's view?A. People change in old age a lot more than at the age of 21.B. There are as many sick people in old age as in middle age.C. We should not expect more physical illness among old people.D. We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a group.3. According to Professor McKay's report,A. family love is gradually disappearing.B. it is hard to comment on family feeling.C. more children are indifferent to their parents.D. family love remains as strong as ever.4. Professor McKay is ________ towards the tendency of more parents living apart from their children.A. negativeB. positiveC. ambiguousD. neutral5. The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provide evidence against isA. old-age sickness.B. loose family ties.C. poor mental abilities.D. difficulities in maths.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. Scientists in Brazil have used frog skin toA. eliminate bacteria.B. treat burns.C. Speed up recovery.D. reduce treatment cost.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.7. What is NOT a feature of the new karaoke machine?A. It is featured by high technology.B. It allows you to imitate famous singers.C. It can automatically alter the tempo and tone of a song.D. It can be placed in specially designed theme rooms.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8. China's Internet users had reached _________ by the end of June.A. 68 millionB. 8.9 millionC. 10 millionD. 1.5 millionQuestion 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.9. According to the WTO, Chinese exports rose _________ last year.A. 21%B. 10%C. 22%D. 4.7310. According to the news, which trading nation in the top 10 has reported a 5 per cent fall in exports?A. The UK.B. The US.C. Japan.D. Germany.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile -Charlie Chaplin's smile."Arch, it's Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana." He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven't sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do? No one seems to want them."It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty skydarkened over New York building, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father's bananas."I ought to yell," said my father dolefully. "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I'm ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool. "I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father."I'll yell for you, pop," I volunteered."Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I'll be late."But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas.I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling. Mikey. But it's plain we are unlucky today! Let's go home."I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.11. "unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning toA. sent outB. releasedC. dispatchedD. removed12. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicated crowds of people?A.Thousands ofB. FlowedC. PouringD. Unyoked13. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A. Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B. Weather conditions and street lamps.C. Clattering trains and peddlers' yells.D. Moving crowds and street traffic.14. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?A. CompassionateB. ResponsibleC. ShyD. Determined15. What is the theme of the story?A. The misery of the factory workers.B. How to survive in a harsh environment.C. Generation gap between the father and the son.D. Love between the father and the son.16. What is the author's attitude towards the father and the son?A. IndifferentB. SympatheticC. AppreciativeD. Difficult to tellTEXT B提示：原文出自美国时代杂志（TIME）日期Jan. 29, 2001文章标题No Fall Insurance 作者AN K. SMITH, M.D.When former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip two weeks ago, he joined a group of more than 350,000 elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. At 89 and suffering from advanced Alzheimer's disease, Reagan is in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The incidence of hip fractures not only increases after age 50 but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases. Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hip fractures; weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously. But falling is the major cause, representing 90% of all hip fractures. These... ...17. The following are all specific measures to guard against injuries with the EXCEPTION ofA. removal of throw rugs.B. easy access to devicesC. installation of grab barsD. re-arrangement of furniture18. In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?A. The third paragraphB. The first paragraphC. The last paragraphD. The last but one paragraph19. The main purpose of the passage is toA. offer advice on how to prevent hip fracturesB. emphasize the importance of health precautionsC. discuss the seriousness of hip fractures.D. identify the causes of hip fractures.TEXT C提示：原文同专八英译汉翻译试题相同In his classic novel, "The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. "Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?" she asks. He's astonished she can't see them. "Where! Everywhere," he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has builtthem in his mind, and they as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, "Life for the American is always becoming, never being."... ...20. The third paragraph examines America's future-mindedness from the _________ perspective.A. futureB. realisticC. historicalD. present21. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT brought about by future-mindedness?A. Economic stagnationB. Environmental destructionC. High divorce ratesD. Neglect of history22. The word "pooh-pooh" in the sixth paragraph meansA. appreciateB. praiseC. shunD. ridicule23. According to the passage, people at present can forecast ________ of a new round of future-mindedness.A. the natureB. the locationC. the varietyD. the features24. The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus onA. how it comes into beingB. how it functionsC. what it brings aboutD. what it is related to.TEXT D25. The phrase "men's sureness of their sex role" in the first paragraph suggests that theyA. are confident in their ability to charm women.B. take the initiative in courtship.C. have a clear idea of what is considered "manly".D. tend to be more immoral than women are.26. The third paragraph does NOT claim that menA. prevent women from taking up certain professions.B. secretly admire women's intellect and resolution.C. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business.D. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.27. The third paragraphA. generally agrees with the first paragraphB. has no connection with the first paragraphC. repeats the argument of the second paragraphD. contradicts the last paragraph28. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order toA. show that men are stronger than womenB. carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphsC. support the first sentence of the same paragraphD. disown the ideas he is expressing29. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraphA. is based on the study of archaeologyB. illustrates how people expect men to behaveC. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD. proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer30. The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the authorA. approves ofB. argues is naturalC. completely rejectsD. expects to go on changingPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. ______ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) _________term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.34. ________ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic Church.B. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England注：The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.35. The novel Emma is written byA. Mary Shelley.B. Charlotte Brontë.C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D. Jane Austen.36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot.C. George G. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous forA. his poems.B. his plays.C. his short stories.D. his novels注：O. Henry was the pen name of William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 - June 5, 1910), He was famous for his short stories and a master of the surprise ending, O. Henry is remembered best for such enduring favorites as "The Gift of the Magi" and "The Ransom of Red Chief." The combination of humor and sentiment found in his stories is the basis of their universal appeal.38. Syntax is the study ofA. language functions.B. sentence structures.C. textual organization.D. word formation.注：Definition of Syntax:a. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b. A publication, such as a book, that presents such rules.c. The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language.d. Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness. 任意性B. Productivity. 丰富性C. Cultural transmission. 文化传播性D. Finiteness. 局限性？注：design feature: features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,cultural transmission,etc.相关内容请点击查看：胡壮麟《语言学教程》课后答案40. The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John Searle.B. John Austin.C. Noam Chomsky.D. M.A.K. Halliday.注：John Langshaw Austin (March 28, 1911 - February 8, 1960) was a philosopher of language, who developed much of the current theory of speech acts. He was born in Lancaster and educated at Balliol College, Oxford. After serving in MI6 during World War II, Austin became White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. He occupies a place in the British philosophy of language alongside Wittgenstein in staunchly advocating the examination of the way words are used in order to elucidate meaning. 【改错】The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed becauseof a loss in value of university endowments' heavily investing in common ___1 stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizesits net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the ___2 outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of ___3 business firms. The rise in tuitions mayreflect the fact economic uncertainty ___4 increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of beingin the school is foregoing income from a job (this isprimarily a factor in ___5 graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one' s job prospects, ___6 the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable. The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students ___7include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. ___8Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the ___9rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best ___10 customer.PART V TRANSLATION （60 MIN）提示：今年专八翻译部分的选材均出自《散文佳作108篇(汉英•英汉对照)》作者：乔萍翟淑蓉宋洪玮，建议大家熟读此书。
英文论文写作工作计划范文
英文论文写作工作计划范文IntroductionWriting a research paper is a challenging and time-consuming task that requires careful planning and organization. This work plan outlines the steps and timeline for completing a research paper, from choosing a topic to the final editing and proofreading.1. Defining the Research Topic (1 week)The first step in writing a research paper is to choose a topic that is both interesting and manageable. This process involves brainstorming ideas, reading relevant literature, and narrowing down the topic to a specific focus. Additionally, the research question or hypothesis should be clearly defined at this stage.2. Conducting Literature Review (2 weeks)Once the research topic is determined, the next step is to conduct a comprehensive literature review. This involves searching for relevant articles, books, and other sources of information related to the topic. The literature review provides the theoretical foundation for the research paper and allows for the identification of gaps in the existing knowledge.3. Formulating the Research Design and Methodology (2 weeks)After completing the literature review, the research design and methodology need to be developed. This step includes deciding on the research approach (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods), data collection methods (surveys, interviews, experiments, etc.), and data analysis techniques. The research design and methodology should be aligned with the research question and objectives.4. Data Collection and Analysis (4 weeks)Once the research design is finalized, data collection can begin. This may involve conducting interviews, administering surveys, or collecting and analyzing existing data. The data analysis process should be carefully documented, and any findings should be clearly presented in the research paper.5. Writing the Research Paper (6 weeks)The writing process is the most time-consuming part of completing a research paper. This step includes drafting the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. It is important to maintain a clear and logical structure throughout the paper and to cite all sources properly.6. Editing and Proofreading (2 weeks)After completing the initial draft of the research paper, it is essential to edit and proofread the document carefully. This involves checking for grammatical errors, formattinginconsistencies, and ensuring that the content is coherent and well-organized. Peer review and feedback from colleagues can also be helpful at this stage.7. Submission and Publication (1 week)Once the research paper has been thoroughly edited and proofread, it is ready for submission to a journal or conference. This step involves following the submission guidelines and ensuring that all required documentation is included. Upon acceptance, the research paper will be published and made available to the academic community.ConclusionWriting a research paper requires careful planning, organization, and attention to detail. This work plan provides a structured approach to completing a research paper, from choosing a topic to the final submission and publication. By following this plan, researchers can increase their chances of producing a high-quality and impactful research paper.。
Research Paper
A thesis statement should express an opinion，not a fact. Therefore, it is a statement that needs to be explained or proved.
Not a thesis statement: Motivation is an English teacher’s most difficult problem and teachers do not have time to write their own materials. Thesis statement: Motivation is an English teacher’s most difficult problem.
Not be descriptive:
Not a thesis statement:
I am going to discuss teaching English to minority students. In this paper, I intend to …
Thesis statement:
Teaching English to minority students is very challenging.
Examples
“Life would be marvelous for teachers if all students wanted to learn” (Biggs 1995: 83). According to Biggs, students are only motivated to learn things that are important and, meaningful to them.
English Writing(英语论文写作要点)
Abstract
摘要常用于学术研究写作中，如：研究论文、科研报告。位于 标题之后引语之前，在文章的最前端，但它的写作往往在全部 文章完成之后，因为它是文章的实质内容。它主要包括要探讨 的问题、研究目的和方法以及研究得到的结果和结论。因而它 既要准确还要简洁。 写作方法： 1．摘要一般只有一段或两段，不超过250字。内容简洁、结 构紧凑、陈述准确。多用被动语态。· 2．首先提出要探讨的问题以及进行科学研究的理由。 3．下一步对于要回答和解决的问题开展了哪些研究工作。陈 述时不用细节，只列出提纲，但要重点突出。 4．然后提出经过深入研究、分析和实验所获得的重要结果。 陈述要简明扼要，最多两到三句话。研究结果通常是对开始所 提问题的回答或解答。 5．最后是结论，它随着研究结果而定。这个结论既是简单总 结，同时也阐述了研究结果的深远意义。
A research paper is an essay. It is a long or extended expository or persuasive essay. Writing a research paper involves most of the same prewriting, writing, and rewriting skills in writing any other sort of essay. It differs from the latter in that it requires that we learn how to use library sources, take notes effectively, and master the conventions of documentation, i. e., proper use of quotations, footnotes or endnotes, and bibliographies.
AcademicWriting[8]英语专业论文写作
![AcademicWriting[8]英语专业论文写作](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/242075380b4c2e3f5727634b.png)
Fiction vs. non-fiction Professional writing vs. popular writing Literary writing vs. scientific writing Technical writing vs. academic writing.
Taking notes:
Summary Paraphrase quotation
Kinds of Writing
For graduation For further education For future career For publication
“Published” can mean anything from appearance in a Journal with international circulation of hundreds of thousands of copies each issue to a graduation paper (e.g. B.A. / B.S. and M.A. / M. S. thesis or PhD Dissertation) in which only a few copies are printed to a review committee. In our case, the definition of “published” is extended to refer to a paper written to fulfill the requirements of a course. This can be considered a dress rehearsal for the writing of your BA / B.S. thesis, and ultimately for the publication of an actual paper.
研究论文类型 Types of research papers 英语作文论文
研究论文类型Types of research papersHello friends, how are you? I am back with on more informative article to help you with academic stress. So, today I am going to discuss on types of research papers. Yes, you have heard me right. This article will be a treasure for all those who are doing masters or Ph.D.A research paper is a toughest and scoring task you get in academic life. It is to judge your knowledge that you have gained throughout the course. A research paper is of vital importance. You cannot take it casually. It almost carries 40 % marks in academics. So it is important to give it equal importance.There are various types of research papers that require a special approach. Every discipline demands a research paper, especially if you are doing post graduation in a subject. No matter if you have got to write a research paper of any type or subject you must know how to present it. Once you get the idea of presenting it, then you will be able to identify the type of research you need to do for the paper. In this article, you will get the idea of types of research papers that are actually present in the field of academics. But before reading about it, let’s understand in short what a research paper is?What is a research paper?As this name suggests, it is a kind of research. You have to do researching, critical thinking, evaluation of source, composition, andorganizing all. When you make a research paper, you should be very careful. When you collect the information from various sources, you come in contact with already made researches. You have to read those researches thoroughly. Find out what suits your topic and inculcate that in your paper. You have to analyze it to avoid blunders properly.To put in simple words a research paper is a short explanation of your findings using certain methods for executing the experiment. A research paper/ research article is a research report written within 8 to 12 pages at the maximum.The essence of an original research paper consists of these important parts.AbstractIt is normally written in 100 words at the maximum which explains what the paper is all about.IntroductionIt gives the background of research and gives a description of the topic of research.Literature reviewA short review is done normally within a paragraph or two which can either be included in the introduction or given in a separate title. The literature review normally concludes by identification of missing links in the research or some extension that is possible.ObjectiveThe objective is normally a product or process that is being proposed by the researcher.Proposed methodologyThe proposed methodology describes what the method you are going to execute or what the new product that is to be obtained by which method.Results/ObservationsBy executing the proposed methodology, the observations made are listed in this section.Interpretation of resultsThe interpretation of the observed results is made in this section if the interpretation is going to be small it is combined with the conclusion, else if the interpretation is going to be large it can be separated from the conclusionConclusionIt describes what you learnt from the particular experiment conducted after interpreting the results and giving the concluding remarks for the research.ReferencesReferences are an important section for the research paper as you would have considered one of the already published papers to identify the shortcomings in that research or you wouldhave clubbed a process of one outcome with another process and identify the net outcome. So it is important to quote the research articles in your paper where ever necessary.How to start writing a research paperNow, this might be an answer which can be subjective. So follow it according to your research work, different types of research papers may have a bit different manner to start. So add these ways along with your own if you have never written a research paper before, its time to write one now. Don’t worry about the best ways because you are on step Zero. Take a first step that is to plan out writing it. Below Iam telling you some of the ways or ideas to write a research work.Start by writingBy this I meant, give your research a start now, rather than just thoughts. Writing can help by generating a clear thought process. You will get ideas automatically once you start writing a research paper. Writing will also help you in building up creative ideas and nourishes your brain in a better way.Don’t worry about “path-breaking” ideasIdeas, especially at early stages, are raw. You will have to spend the time to nourish and develop them. Just start with the idea that can be validated and will be useful.Don’t try to put in too many concepts in one paperFocus on one simple construct and build your arguments around it. If you put various concepts at once, you will end up in trouble. All your research will become unfocused and unclear. So the best thing is to stick to a particular idea.Make it interesting!Academic papers need not be boring. If you want your knowledge to spread around, take the time to construct your narrative in a way that is easy and interesting for readers to grasp the information. Introduce your concept; tell why it’s interesting, the idea, how it works and how it will solve the problem. An original and unconsumed idea is a huge loss to science. Different types ofresearch papers may have different types of writing styles. Choose the one which suits best with your discipline.Write the abstract at lastBy the time you are done with your research paper, you will have a better grasp of what you are talking about. It’s far easier to write the abstract at the end than at the beginning. Use your writing as a way to question your own assumptions and inferences. This way your writing can sharpen your content for the better.Reach out to people who have already publishedUnderstand what it takes to be published. Share your paper with reviewers whom you trust.Usually, we spend a lot of time writing and less time for feedback. Take lesser time writing your content, and more time getting it reviewed. Especially if it’s your first paper, you might spend more time on aspects of the paper that are not important. A good reviewer can help you shape your paper for the better.Identify parts of a research paper that are most importantYes, all parts are equal, but some are more equal. For example – your idea, its introduction, and the problem you are solving –these areas will have more eyeball views than say details or bibliography. Focus on making the argument strong in these areas.Get it read by your friendsSee how easy it is for the information to be grasped and absorbed. Are they getting the idea, the problem? Do they see the solution directly linked to the problem? Presenting your knowledge in an easy and simple way is as important as the idea itself.Reach out for helpThis is the final option left with many students. You need to look out for online help. There are various online assignment help services available.What is not a research paper?So after discussing a lot about the definition of a research paper and how to write one. I want to discuss now what research paper is not. This isalso equally important to discuss here in this article. Often students start the research paper writing but end up by mixing it with other types of writing. So read below and understand what research paper is not.It is not just a stock of quotations. Quotations take place only to document or clarify findings.A research paper is not a rewriting or rephrasing of someone’s tho ughts and ideas.A research paper is not any description or summary of facts from any internet source or textbooks.It is also not a defense of opinions. The aim of research in any paper is to reveal the truth. Avoid conflicting with the opposite opinion(unless you need to write a persuasive research paper)It is not a simple presentation of one’s point of view. Research papers demand facts, information, and data which support a certain opinion or idea.A research paper is not emotional persuasion. Vocabulary and sentences that are used in research papers should be neutral. It should be free of emotional language and superlatives.At the college level, you are expected to do a deep analysis of information on a topic. After analysis, you have to draw a conclusion and solution to it. The analysis is about dividing the idea into several parts and organizing them into appropriate logical “boxes.”What are the types of research papers? Analytical Research PaperAn analytical research paper follow under a given methodDescribe multiple points of view → Analyze all points → Draw a conclusionAn analytical research paper is about raising a question. Also, put attention in the thinking involved when answering the question. Such papers start by describing the question and finding of the elements to answer it. In this type of research work, first, you need to collect the information. This information is from various other researches. After getting information, nowyou have to make a personal conclusion about the topic.One thing which you kept in mind while writing an analytical research paper is neutrality. Your paper should not show any negative or positive stance on the matter. If you want to show your perspective or agree or disagree with something, then choose persuasive research paper type.Persuasive/Argumentative Research PaperYour persuasive type of research paper follows the below given method.Describe the problem from two different viewpoints → Propose pros and cons → Give preference to onePersuasive paper writing is focused on getting the readers to your side. You keep your point of view or argument and want readers to agree with it. Different types of research papers have different approaches. Persuasive research is totally different from an analytical research paper. An analytical paper is based totally on facts, but Persuasive is based on emotional approach. But it does not mean that it will not follow logical facts. Your research should be based on logical facts and statistical data. While making a persuasive research paper, a researcher will describe the event or object with two opposing viewpoints. Then further analyze the pros and cons and choose a certain opinion.A researcher will either write for or against the specific viewpoint. Then he will give his argument with supportive facts and tries the reader to agree with him/her.The two types of research papers mentioned above are the main types. Other than these two types, there are various types of research papers, such as cause and effect, experimental, survey, problem-solution, and report types.Cause and Effect Research PaperFollowing methodology is used for Cause and effect research paper.Describe situation → Present causes/effects → Draw a conclusionCause and effect research paper is usually assigned to new students both in high school and college. The aim of this research paper is tostudents how to write research papers. This paper usually includes:A thorough study of a various researched topicOrganization of the writing processLearning how to apply certain styles to textCitations and referencesWhen you write a cause and effect paper, you should remember to answer two main questions: “Why?” and “What?” These two reflect effects and causes. You should not mix several causes and effects, as it may lose the main focus.In further studies like business and education, cause and effect research papers will help withtracing a relationship of probable results from particular actions.Experimental Research PaperMethod for an experimental research paper is given below.Conduct the experiment → Share useful experience → Provide data and sum upWhen you write an experimental paper, describe the experimental case in detail. An experimental research paper is written for biology, chemistry, physics, psychology, and sociology. The aims of the experiments are to describe some causation or predict a phenomenon with certain actions. In this research paper, you need to describe yourexperiment. You need supporting data and experiment analysis.Survey Research PaperMethod to adapt while writing a survey research paper.Conduct a survey → Analyze findings → Draw conclusionsA survey research paper is for subjects like sociology, psychology, marketing, public health, business, and advertising. You need to conduct a survey in this, where you have to ask questions from the respondents. This helps in analyzing behavior in certain conditions.Problem-Solution Research PaperMethodology to adopt while making this kind of research.Describe the problem →Propose a solution → Defend itProblem-solution research papers are written by students as well as scholars. The aim is simple, solving certain problems. But to solve a problem, then the researcher first needs to analyze it and find a possible solution. After finding a solution, prove its effectiveness with evidence.Report PaperA method you should follow while writing a report paper.Outline the work done on a particular topic –> Sum up findingsThis type of research paper making is comparatively easy from other types of research papers. While writing a researcher has to go through with the information on a particular event or topic. After this researcher aims to inform readers about the main facts of the topic. You need not to use your own information; all work is done within the text you have read.So after you have read about different types of research papers, you may get a clear cut idea of writing one. Whatever your subject is, abovementioned types cover all the academic research papers.ConclusionNow summing up all things, I would make a quick recall about the things which we have discussed in this article. I started with the explanation of Research paper. Then next I have discussed the important parts on which you need to focus while writing a research paper. Thirdly, this article told you about how to start writing a research paper. In that part, I have written various points which will guide you when you start your work. Fourthly, you will read about what is not research paper. In this section, I have told you the difference between a research paper and other types of academic writings what you should not write in a research paper. Thenthe next fifth section talks about the types of research papers. You will get a better understanding of the different types of research papers. All types follow a different methodology. While making a research paper, you should know what kind of approach you need.I hope this article will help you in a better way and please provide feedback in comments.。
Research paper template
Sugar: Friend or Foe?Authored by Ke-ai Xiao Submitted to: Ms. Xuehua WangSoutheast University Submission date: December 10, 2017AbstractNuclear energy has become the subject of considerable debate, with its proponents claiming that it is beneficial for the environment.This essay attempts to assess the risks of using nuclear power, in comparison with other sources of energy. The main arguments for employing nuclear energy are first considered, followed by an examination of the safety issues around this source of power, including the safety and security concerns connected with nuclear waste. It appears that many of these concerns are exaggerated, and that nuclear energy can be seen as a safe, reliable and cost-effective alternative to using fossil fuels. Clearly more could be done to make nuclear plants safer and more efficient in future. (字数要求: 100-150words)The rationale behind using nuclear energy stems from the need to find alternative energy sources to fossil fuels (i.e. oil, gas and coal), which are finite. This is a growing concern, due to the increase in the global population, which is accompanied by an increase in energy demand. Mathew (2006) indicates that the annual energy consumption rate per capita in developed countries is between 4,000 and 9,000 kg of oil, while the rate in less developed countries is around 500 kg. As a result, the demand for total primary energy, which will accompany the population growth, is projected to increase from 12.1 Mtoe (million tons of oil equivalent) to 16.1 Mtoe in 2030. If this increase occurs the total global stock of oil and gas would only be adequate for 250 years, thus requiring the urgent development of other energy sources, which would not deplete the stock of natural resources available for future generations.Wind energy and solar power are frequently presented as alternative energy sources to fossil fuels. Both are freely available in many parts of the world and their use involves no CO2 emissions. Sterrett (1994) claims that sufficient wind energy exists to displace approximately eight billion barrels of oil. However, wind energy is unreliable, as wind turbines do not function if the wind speed is too high or low. Similarly, solar power is only effective during the day, and is uneconomic in cool and cloudy climates. Neither of these sources currently offers an efficient and reliable alternative to energy created from fossil fuels.An important reason for using nuclear energy is to reduce the emissions of CO2, which are produced by burning fossil fuels. This type of fuel is the main source of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. The amount of CO2 produced by each source differs due to the differences in their hydrogen content. For example, natural gas contains one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms, which combine with oxygen to produce CO2. The proportion of CO2 is lower than with the other sources, because the emission depends on the mass of carbon inside the chemical compounds. Although natural gas is thus cleaner than the alternatives, burning all three fuels contributes to the greenhouse effect which is causing the earth to heat up.Nuclear energy, however, emits no carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide (SO2) or nitrous oxide (NOx). It is estimated that in 2003, in the USA, nuclear energy prevented the release of 680 million tons of CO2, 3.4 millions tons of SO2 and 1.3 million tons of NOx. If released from coal burning plants, these gases would have caused the deaths of 40,000 people annually.Nuclear energy could potentially generate more electricity than other current sources. As Murray (2000, p.73) explains “a typical reactor, which consumes 4 kg/day of uranium U235, generates 3,000 MW of energy a day”, while other sources such as natural gas, coal or oil require many times the equivalent of that amount of uranium to generate the same energy. Therefore nuclear energy is relatively cost efficient as it uses a cheap raw material.In recent years the price of oil and natural gas has risen sharply, and this trend seems likely to continue in future. The cost of purchasing fuel for nuclear energy is likely to remain low compared to other energy sources, so it seems likely that this cost advantage will become a significant factor in the comparison between nuclear and other energy sources.ReferencesMathew, S. (2006) Wind Energy: Fundamentals, Resource Analysis and Economics.Berlin: Springer. Murray, L. R. (2009) Nuclear Energy. An Introduction to the Concepts, System and Application of the Nuclear Process. Oxford: Butterworth. Sterrett, T. (1994) Nuclear energy engagement: Improving participation in circulation.RecyclableEnergy, 53(12), 40-45.Original sentences:Mathew, S. (2006):“Paraphrasing is a practical method used when wanting to rephrase the content of a source. This technique is useful in preventing plagiarism and excessive quotations.”Sterrett, T. (1994):“Make the paraphrase yours. It should not look like the original. If there exists too much of a resemblance between the original and the paraphrase, then it should be revised. Remember the goal is to restate the message of the source in your own words using your own sentence structure.”。
学术英语习题及部分答案
Training and Practice for English for Academic PurposesPart I1.Discuss the following questions.What are basic principles the researchers must try to follow when they write their research papers? And would you please list some deadly sins a researcher must avoid when they want to publish a research paper? What are the main contents of a research paper?2. Translate the following Chinese introduction into English.提高起重机生产力和安全性的设备研究近些年来，就用研究人员对起重机(crane)的研究兴趣与日俱增。
起重机种类繁多，从樱桃采摘机(cherry pickers)到巨型塔式起重机(huge tower cranes) ，是建筑工地不可或缺的重要设备之一。
由于建筑用起重机工作环境多变(constantly changing working environment), 操作者(operator)责任重大(heavy reliance)。
过去几十年里，超重机技术日新月异，但是操作员与其他工种人员配合协作方面的技术发展缓慢。
起重机的发展步伐如此迅猛，我们似乎要问，在某些方面，是不是已经超出(outstrip)了人们安全使用的能力？本文旨在探讨如何通过新型设备的引进提高起重机生产力以及提出相关安全性的举措，进而为新型起重机的应用和案例提供新的思路。
In recent years, researchers have become more interested in crane research.The variety of cranes, from cherry pickers to giant tower cranes, is one of the most important equipment on construction sites.As a result of the changing working environment of the construction crane, operator is responsible for heavy reliance.Over the past few decades, the technology of overweight machines has been changing rapidly, but the operators have been slow to cooperate with other workers in collaboration.The pace of development of cranes is so rapid that we seem to be asking whether in some respects, the outstrip has exceeded the ability of people to safely use it.This paper aims to explore how to improve crane productivity and raise related security measures through the introduction of new equipment, so as to provide new ideas for the application and case of new cranes.3. You are writing a research paper entitled “The Effects of Radiation from the Sun on Life o n Earth”. In your introduction you need to review, in general terms, how the sun supports life on the earth. Prepare an Introduction section for your paper based on the information below.⏹Distance from the earth: 92,976,000 miles⏹The Sun’s energy comes from nuclear fusion of hydrogen to helium.⏹Intense radiation, including lethal ultraviolet radiation, arrives at the earth’s outer atmosphere.⏹Ozone in the stratosphere protects life on earth from excessive ultraviolet radiation.⏹The seasons of the earth’s climate results from (1) the 23.30tilt of the earth’s axis of rotation from the normal to the plane of the earth’s orbit around the Sun, (2) the large coverage area of water on the earth (about 75% of the earth’s surface), an d (3) the rotation of the earth with associated generation of jet-stream patterns.⏹Radiation passing through the earth’s atmosphere loses most short-wave radiation, butsome arriving at the surface is converted into infrared radiation which is then trapped by water vapor and other tri-atomic molecules in the troposphere and stratosphere, causing global warming.Life on earth is maintained from photosynthesis and conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen by plants.4.Translate the following parts of sentences in Introduction into proper English.（1）过去对……的研究工作说明……The previous work on … has indicated that…（2）A在1932年做了关于……的早期研究。
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题Part I: Vocabulary and structure (20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. The Earth _____ around the sun.A. revolvesB. resolvingC. resolvingD. revolves2. A water molecule is made up _____ two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom.A. forB. ofD. by3. The data _____ China’s economic growth are impressive.A. forB. towardC. concerningD. on4. We have to know _____ always comes first.A. besidesB. thatC. itD. what5. The coffee served in that shop is far too weak _____ my taste.A. fromB. toC. for6. I really _____ remember what her address is.A. don’tB. can’tC. mustn’tD. won’t7. Would you like milk and sugar _____ your coffee?A. inB. atC. onD. of8. It is important for leaders to work _____ the development of their employees.A. onB. forC. withD. in9. Our project needs more support _____ the government.A. atB. toC. fromD. on10. _____ he is often criticized, he is actually a very talented writer.A. EvenB. SinceC. ThusD. HencePart II: Reading comprehension (30 points)Directions: In this part, there are four passages. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer.Passage 1There is a serious problem with obesity in many developed countries. This is usually caused by people eating too much andnot doing enough exercise. As a result, many people are now overweight or even obese. Obesity can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease and diabetes.11. What is the main cause of obesity?A. Lack of sleepB. Too much exerciseC. Eating too muchD. Eating too little12. What is the consequence of obesity?A. Heart diseaseB. Healthy bodyC. Strong musclesD. No exercise13. Which disease can obesity lead to?A. DiabetesB. FluC. ColdsD. Allergies14. What do many people in developed countries have due to obesity?A. Strong musclesB. High blood pressureC. Low body weightD. Overweight15. How can obesity be prevented?A. By eating more unhealthy foodB. By not doing any exerciseC. By eating less and exercising moreD. By sleeping all dayPassage 2There is a growing concern about the environment and the impact that human activity is having on it. As the population grows and people use more energy, pollution levels are increasing. This is leading to global warming and climate change.16. What is the growing concern about?A. Language skillsB. The economyC. The environmentD. Shopping habits17. What is causing pollution levels to increase?A. TreesB. Human activityC. CloudsD. Cities18. What is global warming leading to?A. Increased pollutionB. Climate changeC. Decreased pollutionD. Cleaner air19. How is the population affecting the environment?A. By using less energyB. By not using energy at allC. By using more energyD. By sleeping all day20. What is a consequence of climate change?A. Cleaner airB. Natural disastersC. Healthy environmentD. Decreased food productionPart III: Fill in the blanks (20 points)Directions: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words.21. The _____ of the project cost over $1 million.22. She is tired of _____ the same routine every day.23. He knocked on the door but there was no _____ .24. The teacher _____ her students to work hard.25. We need to find a _____ to this problem soon.Part IV: Translation (30 points)Directions: Translate the following passage from Chinese to English.拥有绿色的科学技术和环境经营理念将越来越成为未来企业的重要标志。
ResearchPaper
孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院
Process
• Revise the Draft
Dealing with underlying issues
– Rethinking your ideas
– Refining your arguments – Reorganizing paragraphs – Rewording sentences
孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院
Composition
Abstract - Style • Single paragraph, and concise. Stand on its own • As a summary of work done, it is always written in past tense • An abstract should stand on its own, and not refer to any other part of the paper such as a figure or table • Focus on summarizing results - limit background information to a sentence or two, if absolutely necessary • What you report in an abstract must be consistent with what you reported in the paper • Correct spelling, clarity of sentences and phrases, and proper reporting of quantities (proper units, significant figures) are just as important in an abstract as they are 孟建，武汉大学信息管理学院 anywhere else
【文书写作】research paper 标题模板1(Rubric)
Strong thesis, demonstrating insight and independent ____/35 thought; Thorough development of major ideas (35 - 31 points) Logical arrangement supporting points coherent ____/35 paragraphs; Effective transitions
Style
(35-31 potences, varied in length and structure; ____/10 Forceful, jargon-free diction (10-9 points)
(8-7 points)
Mechanics
Few to no errors No major errors in usage, in usage, spelling, and spelling, or
____/10 punctuation ( 10-9 points) Citations
punctuation (8-7 points)
Organization
Acceptable of arrangement of ideas; in Satisfactory paragraph construction; Adequate transitions (30-26 points) Appropriate tone; Clear sentences; Effective diction
research paper 标题模板 1（Rubric）
Research Paper Rubric Total points: Text Characteristic Content _______/ 100 Excellent - A Good - B Clearly-stated thesis, forecasting essay ’ s organization; Concrete support for each major point (30 - 26 points) Needs Improvement - C Vague or unclear thesis; Illogical or incomplete development of ideas Poor - D/F Missing, invalid, or inappropriate thesis; Insufficient, vague, or illogical support
researchpaper例文
Running head: Lecturing Will Harm Learning in UniversitiesLecturing Harms Learning in UniversitiesAlick ZhangID: 201403011017College 2National University of Defense TechnologyDr.Huihui LiCollege English—Reading & WritingJune 19, 2015Lecturing Harms Learning in UniversitiesLectures are so common in universities all the time. And lectures are also the major means to teaching in most universities. However, is lecturing really a good way to teach and learn? If it is, why do so many universities try to develop different teaching methods? As a matter of fact, more and more people have found the shortcomings of lecturing. It seems that lecturing actually harms learning in universities, because in lectures, teachers do badly in teaching while students do badly in learning and it’s difficult for both teachers and students to understand each other.In lectures, teachers usually do worse in teaching than they do in small classes. Firstly, there are so many students in a lecture that it’s almost impossible for teachers to make sure that all the students are listening. Also, it’s difficult to check whether the students learn what they should learn from the lecture. Thus, many teachers even don’t take any efforts to supervise their students at all. Without teachers’ supervision, students usually cannot focus themselves on the lecture. Daniels points out that many students don’t prepare before a lecture as what t hey are supposed to do as the professor gives no quizzes and asks no questions (para. 7). Besides, teachers will also get bored, if they find there are not so many students listening to them. As a consequence, many teachers don’t deliver a lecture as well as they can. Some even just read what books say without any extra things, leaving out vivid examples or deep understandings. Then, students will get more bored and pay less attention to teachers. Therefore, a vicious circle appears, which will produce more and more harms in both teaching and learning. So, it’s clear enough that teachers’ bad performance in lectureswill directly harm students’ learning.As is indicated in the above paragraph, students also behave badly in lectures. Student is the most important part in learning activities, which means only with students’ good performance in learning, can learning activities be eff icient. In lectures, there are too many students for teachers to supervise as is mentioned in previous paragraph. So, some lazy students will try something that can make them easier, such as sleeping, playing mobile phones, reading magazines, and so on. Gradually, more and more students will find that it’s ok to do thes e things that are certainly more attractive than the lecture s. “College students are doodling in their notebooks or gazing off into space as their instructor lectures for fifty minutes” (Daniels, preview).I t’s impossible for a student to learn well if he even does n’t listen to the teacher. In addition, students are not willing to ask questions, so that they give up a priceless chance to know what they don’t know. It’s said that e ffective learning activities need all the students involved actively. But in lectures, students just do what they want and don’t get involved at all, which is the most terrible problem that lecturing brings, and that’s also how lecturing harms learning.Additionally, lecturing makes it difficult for teachers and students to exchange their views with each other. In many lectures, students don’t know each other, and teachers don’t know students, either. This condition brings some difficulties for students to communicate with others sitting by them. After lectures, teachers often leave at once, and students also leave respectively. So, if someone think of some ideas or get a brainwave, it’s difficult for him or her to share with others. Also, if one getinto trouble in learning, it’s difficult to find someone for help. Over time, there will be more and more problems can’t be solved, which will certainly harm one’s learning. On the other hand, teachers are not able to get feedback from students, so they can’t know how their students learn and what amazing ideas their students have. Daniels says that the beginner’s naïve question may trigger a fruitful line of thought (para.12). The limitation in communication between teachers and students limits their thought in fact. This do harm not only in learning but also in teaching and researching. By contrast, “smaller classes in which students are required to involve themselves in discussion put an end to students’ passivity” (Daniels, para.14). In smaller classes or some other forms of group discussions views can be exchanged adequately, that’s why they are more efficient. In this aspect, lecturing’s harm in learning is quite enormous.Today’s lecture system harms learning in universities badly, and changes have to be take. Learning makes humans’ progress. But without efficient learning methods humans may step back. Lecturing has its advantages, while its harm is now worrying. Efforts should be taken to decrease the proportion of lectures, and adopt some better means to teaching and learning.ReferencesDaniels, D. (2014). College lectures: Is anybody listening?College writing skills with readings. 9th ed. J. Langan.Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, pp. 607-610.。
2023年六级考试听力第一套试卷
2023年六级考试听力第一套试卷大学英语六级考试听力试卷（第一套 - 2023年）Part I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A.Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation One.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) He is a tour guide.B) He is a flight attendant.C) He is a hotel receptionist.D) He is a travel agent.2. A) Book a flight for the woman.B) Recommend a hotel to the woman.C) Provide some travel brochures for the woman.D) Tell the woman about the local attractions.3. A) Its location.B) Its price.C) Its facilities.D) Its service.4. A) By phone.B) By email.C) Through an app.D) In person.Conversation Two.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) She is preparing for a job interview.B) She is writing a research paper.C) She is studying for an exam.D) She is working on a project.6. A) Look for relevant information online.B) Read some books in the library.C) Ask her professor for advice.D) Interview some experts in the field.7. A) It is too broad.B) It is too narrow.C) It is not relevant.D) It is not original.8. A) Narrow down the topic.B) Change the research method.C) Find more sources.D) Revise the outline.Section B.Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage One.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) The development of modern technology.B) The increasing number of elderly people.C) The shortage of medical resources.D) The high cost of health care.10. A) Robots can perform complex surgeries.B) Robots can provide 24 - hour care.C) Robots can reduce medical errors.D) Robots can communicate with patients better.11. A) Ethical issues.B) Technical problems.C) High cost.D) Lack of training.Passage Two.Questions 12 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) It is a new form of energy.B) It is a traditional cooking method.C) It is a popular sport in some countries.D) It is a unique cultural heritage.13. A) It is time - consuming.B) It is environmentally friendly.C) It is difficult to learn.D) It is dangerous.14. A) To promote cultural exchange.B) To protect the environment.C) To improve people's health.D) To develop the tourism industry.Section C.Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording One.Questions 15 to 17 are based on the recording you have just heard.15. A) The origin of a certain language.B) The features of a particular culture.C) The history of a specific region.D) The development of a certain art form.16. A) Through archaeological excavations.B) Through analyzing ancient texts.C) Through studying folklores.D) Through interviewing local people.17. A) It has a long and complex history.B) It is influenced by many other languages.C) It is difficult to learn for foreigners.D) It is losing its popularity among the young.Recording Two.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the recording you have just heard.18. A) How to improve urban planning.B) The importance of green spaces in cities.C) The challenges of building sustainable cities.D) Different types of urban landscapes.19. A) They can reduce air pollution.B) They can increase property values.C) They can improve mental health.D) All of the above.20. A) Encourage more private investment.B) Strengthen government regulations.C) Promote public awareness.D) Collaborate with international organizations.Recording Three.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the recording you have just heard.21. A) The causes of climate change.B) The effects of climate change on wildlife.C) The solutions to climate change.D) The current situation of climate change.22. A) Migration patterns are changing.B) Habitats are being destroyed.C) Food sources are decreasing.D) All of the above.23. A) Protecting natural habitats.B) Reducing carbon emissions.C) Promoting sustainable development.D) All of the above.Recording Four.Questions 24 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.24. A) The significance of a historical event.B) The life and works of a famous writer.C) The evolution of a literary genre.D) The influence of a cultural movement.25. A) By reading his/her major works.B) By studying his/her personal letters.C) By analyzing his/her contemporaries.D) By researching his/her family background.。
小学下册I卷英语第一单元测验试卷
小学下册英语第一单元测验试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The capital of Denmark is ________ (哥本哈根).2.What is the main function of leaves on a plant?A. SupportB. PhotosynthesisC. ReproductionD. StorageB3.The _______ of a plant can change in different seasons.4.What is the name of the famous Italian dish made with dough and toppings?A. PastaB. PizzaC. SaladD. SoupB5.The _______ Pole is located at the top of the Earth.6.Recognizing the seasons can help you plan your ______ effectively. (认识到季节可以帮助你有效地规划园艺活动。
)7. A _______ (小蚊子) buzzes around during summer nights.8.________ (植物资源有效利用) supports health.9.In _____ (澳大利亚), you can find kangaroos.10.She helps _____ (clean) the house.11.What is the main ingredient in bread?A. SugarB. RiceC. FlourD. SaltC12.The __________ (旅行计划) includes many destinations.13.We see _____ (horses) in the field.14. A parakeet can learn to say ______ (简单的) phrases.15.The main component of the human body is __________.16.War involved a race for __________ (武器) between the USA and USSR. The Cold17.How do you say "birthday" in French?A. AnniversaireB. FêteC. Jour de l'anD. Noël18.What color is a ripe strawberry?A. GreenB. RedC. YellowD. Blue19.I like to draw ________ in my sketchbook.20.What do you call the tool used to cut wood?A. HammerB. SawC. ScrewdriverD. WrenchB21.The ____ is known for its unique markings and colors.22.The chemical symbol for nitrogen is _____ (N).23.The capital of Madagascar is __________.24.At the zoo, I saw a playful ________ (猴子) swinging from tree to tree. It made me ________ (笑).25.The Earth's crust is made up of several ______ plates.26.My cat enjoys watching _______ (鸟) outside the window.27.The process of changing from a liquid to a gas is called __________.28.My brother is very __________ (机智的) and quick-thinking.29.I feel _______ when I create art.30.Heat energy is often absorbed or released during a ______.31.What do you call a story that is written about someone's life?A. BiographyB. AutobiographyC. FictionD. NovelA32.I like to play ______ (拼图) with my family during weekends.33.The ancient Romans built extensive ________ (道路系统).34.What is 10 divided by 2?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6C35.I enjoy _______ (hiking) in the woods.36.War was characterized by the arms ________ (竞赛). The Cold37.What is the capital of Italy?A. ParisB. RomeC. MadridD. Athens38.The _____ (窗帘) is blue.39.My mom is a ______. She takes care of our family.40.The __________ (冷战) was a period of political tension between the USA and the USSR.41.Which month comes after January?A. FebruaryB. MarchC. AprilD. December42.The phone is ___. (ringing)43.My favorite hobby is ______ (摄影).44.I enjoy observing _______ (小动物) in their habitat.45.What do you call the main meal of the day?A. BreakfastB. LunchC. DinnerD. Snack46.We are going to ___ a concert. (attend)47.The ________ was a significant moment in the history of science.48.The _____ (巧克力) is sweet.49.They are ___ the picture. (coloring)50.I have many __________ (玩具名) at home.51.What do you call the vertical line in a graph?A. X-axisB. Y-axisC. Z-axisD. Time-axisB52.Which of these is a form of transportation?A. TreeB. CarC. TableD. House53.I love to ______ (dance) to music.54.My favorite game is _______ and exciting.55.What do you call a large number of stars?A. GalaxyB. ClusterC. UniverseD. ConstellationA56.The ________ (bus) is late today.57.What is the name of the famous mountain range in South America?A. AndesB. RockiesC. HimalayasD. ApenninesA58.I like to go ______ (露营) with my friends to enjoy nature.59.My ________ (玩具名称) is a fun way to explore different stories.60.She is a good ________.61.What is the name of the famous scientist who developed the theory of relativity?A. Isaac NewtonB. Albert EinsteinC. Nikola TeslaD. Stephen Hawking62.What is the main purpose of a flag?A. DecorationB. Symbol of identityC. Indicator of weatherD. None of the aboveB63.I saw a ________ exploring the garden.64.The __________ is a large body of water located in the Arctic. (北冰洋)65.The __________ is a famous desert in the United States.66.The ________ (植物导向) can shape landscapes.67.The _______ of sound can vary depending on the listener's position.68.I dream of becoming a ______ (艺术家) one day. I want to create beautiful pieces that inspire others.69.The process of making hydrogen gas involves _______.70.What do you call a large animal with a trunk?A. ElephantB. RhinoC. HippoD. GiraffeA71. A parrot can often be found in the __________.72.The process of oxidation involves the ______ of electrons.73.How many states are there in Australia?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 874.What do we call a group of stars forming a pattern?A. GalaxyB. ConstellationC. NebulaD. ClusterB75.Oxidation is a reaction involving the loss of _____.76.The teacher is ______ the students about history. (teaching)77.How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?A. 23B. 46C. 22D. 4478.The elephant is very ________.79.The __________ (二战后的重建) focused on rebuilding Europe.80.What do you call a person who plays the piano?A. PianistB. GuitaristC. DrummerD. Violinist81.The __________ is a region known for its dense forests.82.We have a ______ (快乐的) time during family vacations.83.What do you call the main part of a plant that supports leaves and flowers?A. RootB. StemC. LeafD. PetalB84.What do we call a person who studies the weather?A. MeteorologistB. ClimatologistC. GeographerD. Environmentalist85.What do we call the time when the sun rises?A. SunsetB. MidnightC. DawnD. NoonC Dawn86.How many legs does a butterfly have?A. 4B. 6C. 8D. 10B87.What do you call a young female goose?A. GoslingB. GosseC. HenD. DucklingA88.What is the name of the famous artist known for his "Water Lilies"?A. Claude MonetB. Vincent van GoghC. Pablo PicassoD. Henri MatisseA89.This toy ____ can jump really high! (玩具名称)90.She is ___ (drawing/painting) a picture.91.The chemical symbol for francium is _______.92.My _______ (猫) loves to chase after strings.93.We can play with a ________ car.94.My favorite plant is a ________ because it's easy to grow.95. A rabbit’s ______ (耳朵) are very long.96.research paper) explores environmental topics. The ____97.At the toy shop, I found a magical ____. (玩具名称)98.The ______ is known for his bravery.99.The __________ (历史的反射) illuminates truths.100.What do we call a scientist who studies the interactions between living organisms?A. EcologistB. BiologistC. Environmental ScientistD. Geologist。
科研单词背诵
科研单词背诵单词：hypothesis1. 定义与释义1.1词性：名词1.2中文释义：假设，假说，一种未经证实但被提出用于解释某种现象或指导研究的设想。
1.3英文释义：A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.1.4相关词汇：thesis（论文、论点，与hypothesis有一定关联，是经过研究后形成的结论性观点，而hypothesis是前期假设）、assumption （假定，与hypothesis意思相近，都表示未经完全证实的设想）、hypothesize（动词，意为假设、假定，是hypothesis的动词形式）。
2. 起源与背景2.1词源：该词源于古希腊语，“hypo - ”表示“在……之下、低于”，“thesis”表示“放置、命题”，合起来表示一种基础的、尚未被完全证实的命题。
2.2趣闻：在科学史上，许多伟大的发现都是从一个简单的hypothesis 开始的。
例如哥白尼提出的日心说（heliocentric hypothesis），在当时是一个与传统观念相悖的大胆假设。
这个假设经过后来众多科学家的研究和验证，逐渐被人们所接受，彻底改变了人类对宇宙结构的认知。
3. 常用搭配与短语3.1短语：(1) form a hypothesis：形成一个假设。
例句：Before starting the experiment, scientists need to form a hypothesis.翻译：在开始实验之前，科学家们需要形成一个假设。
(2) test a hypothesis：检验一个假设。
例句：They designed a series of experiments to test the hypothesis.翻译：他们设计了一系列实验来检验这个假设。
做研究英语作文模板
做研究英语作文模板英文回答：How to Write a Research Paper。
Introduction。
A research paper is a detailed report of a study that has been conducted. It is typically written in a formal style and includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.The introduction should provide background information on the topic of the study, as well as state the research question. The literature review should summarize previous research on the topic, and identify any gaps in the literature. The methodology section should describe how the study was conducted, including the participants, materials, and procedures. The results section should present the findings of the study, and the discussion section shouldinterpret the findings and discuss their implications. The conclusion should summarize the study and its findings, and suggest directions for future research.Writing a Research Paper。
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Department of Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu
例6
The Use of Technology in Higher Education Programs: a National Survey Development of New Public Water Supply Well-fields Using Electromagnetic Conductance: Two Case Studies
Department of Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu
例7
Noise: Good? Bad? Maybe Both? Aluminum: Is It Hazardous to Your Health?
Department of Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu
例1
a．Severe Weather and the Automobile ． (名词词组 名词词组) (名词词组 名词词组) 名词词组 名词词组 b．Soil Behavior and Critical Soil Mechanics ． (名词词组 名词词组) (名词词组 名词词组) 名词词组 名词词组 c．Traditional Versus Adult Studies Students: the College ． (名词词组 名词词组) (名词词组 名词词组) 名词词组 名词词组
Department of Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu
例4
Do Electromagnetic Fields Affect the Way Plants Grow? Do Specific Ambient Odors Enhance Short Term Memory Function?
4、题名中的冠词
凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用
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5、题名中的大小写
全部字母大写 每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下 的冠词、连词、介词全部小写 题名第1个词的首字母大写，其余字母均小 写
Department of Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu
Department of Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu
例2
a. On the Distribution of Sound in a Corridor b. On the Crushing Mechanism of Thin Walled Structures
Department of Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu
例5
Impact of Cancer：Coping Process and ： Quality of Life Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology：Barriers and Needs ：
Department of Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu
例3
a．Fundamentals of Flow Measurement ． (名词 名词) (介词词组 介词词组) 名词 介词词组 b. Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials (名词 名词) (介词词组 介词词组) 名词 介词词组 c. Diversity in the Future Work Force (名词 名词) (介词词组 介词词组) 名词 介词词组
Department of Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu
学术论文英文题目撰写方法
1、题名的结构 主要形式：短语—尤其是名词短语（noun phrase） 题目一般不应是陈述句
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6、题名中的缩略词语
已得到公认的缩略词语，才可用于题名中， 否则不要轻易使用
Department of Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu
二、作者与作者单位的英译
1、作者 中国人名按汉语拼音拼写 2、单位 单位名称要写全(由小到大)，并附地址 和邮政编码，确保联系方便
Department of Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu
Research Paper
Part I Title
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Structure of Research Paper
Title(标题 标题) 标题 Abstract(摘要 摘要) 摘要 Keywords(关键词 关键词) 关键词 Table of contents(目录 目录) 目录 Nomenclature(术语表 术语表) 术语表 Introduction(引言 引言) 引言 Method(方法 方法) 方法 Results(结果 结果) 结果 Discussion(讨论 讨论) 讨论 Conclusion(结论 结论) 结论 Acknowledgement(致谢 致谢) 致谢 Reference(参考文献 参考文献) 参考文献 Appendix(附录 附录) 附录
2、题名的字数
一般不超过12词 总原则Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu
3、中英文题目的一致性
中英内容一致 不等于词语一一对应 个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动
Department of Western Languages and Cultures © Jun Xu