COMPUTER AIDED ACOUSTIC DESIGN AT A THEATRE RECONSTRUCTION – SIMULATION AND REALITIES
机械工程英语试题及答案
机械工程英语试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "mechanical engineering" refers to the field of study that involves the application of principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems.A. TrueB. False答案：A2. Which of the following is not a sub-discipline of mechanical engineering?A. RoboticsB. ThermodynamicsC. Civil EngineeringD. Materials Science答案：C3. The process of converting a design into a physical object is known as:A. PrototypingB. DesignC. AnalysisD. Manufacturing答案：D4. In mechanical engineering, what does the acronym "CAD" stand for?A. Computer Aided DesignB. Computer Aided DraftingC. Computer Aided DevelopmentD. Computer Aided Drawing答案：A5. What is the primary function of a bearing in a mechanical system?A. To reduce frictionB. To increase frictionC. To absorb shockD. To generate heat答案：A6. The study of heat transfer, thermal energy storage, and the effects of temperature on materials is known as:A. ThermodynamicsB. Fluid MechanicsC. Heat TransferD. Materials Science答案：C7. What is the SI unit for power?A. WattB. JouleC. NewtonD. Pascal答案：A8. A gear system that uses two or more gears to transmit motion and force is called:A. GearboxB. Pulley systemC. Cam mechanismD. Lever system答案：A9. In mechanical engineering, what does the term "stress" refer to?A. Force per unit areaB. Strain per unit forceC. Force per unit volumeD. Strain per unit volume答案：A10. Which of the following is a type of energy storage device used in mechanical systems?A. SpringB. BatteryC. CapacitorD. Inductor答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The ________ of a material is its ability to resist deformation under applied force.答案：stiffness2. The ________ of a material is its ability to resist breaking under stress.答案：strength3. In a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the ________ stroke is where the fuel-air mixture is compressed.答案：compression4. A ________ is a mechanical device that converts rotational motion into linear motion.答案：screw5. The ________ of a system is the total energy required to produce the system.答案：embodied energy6. A ________ is a type of simple machine consisting of a wheel and a rope wrapped around it.答案：pulley7. The ________ of a system is the energy required to operate the system over its lifetime.答案：operational energy8. A ________ is a type of energy storage device that uses the elastic properties of materials to store energy.答案：spring9. The ________ of a material is its ability to resist deformation under stress.答案：ductility10. A ________ is a type of energy storage device that uses the potential energy of a raised mass to store energy.答案：gravity storage system三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium in mechanical systems.答案：Static equilibrium refers to a state where all forces and moments acting on a system are balanced, resulting in no acceleration. Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the net force and net moment on a system are zero, allowing the system to move with constant velocity.2. Describe the function of a flywheel in a mechanical system. 答案：A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that stores rotational kinetic energy. It smooths out fluctuations in the power delivery of an engine or motor, providing a moreconstant output.3. What is the purpose of a heat exchanger in a mechanical system?答案：A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between two or more fluids without mixing them. Its purposeis to either cool a hot fluid or heat a cold fluid, improving the efficiency of the system.4. Explain the concept of a control system in mechanical engineering.答案：A control system in mechanical engineering is a system that regulates the behavior of other systems or processes. It uses feedback to compare the actual output with the desired output and makes adjustments to minimize the difference, ensuring the system operates as intended.。
计算机语言缩写大全
3C（China Compulsory Certification，中国强制性产品认证制度）3D（Three Dimensional，三维）3DCG（3D computer graphics，三维计算机图形）3DNow！（3D no waiting，无须等待的3D处理）3DPA（3D Positional Audio，3D定位音频）3DS（3D SubSystem，三维子系统）3GIO（Third Generation Input/Output，第三代输入输出技术）AA（Accuview Antialiasing，高精度抗锯齿）AAC（Advanced Audio Compression，高级音频压缩）AAM（AMD Analyst Meeting，AMD分析家会议）AAM（Automatic Acoustic Management，自动机械声学管理）AAS（Automatic Area Segments）AA T（Average access time，平均存取时间）ABB（Advanced Boot Block，高级启动块）ABP（Address Bit Permuting，地址位序列改变）ABP（Advanced Branch Prediction，高级分支预测）ABS（Auto Balance System，自动平衡系统）A-Buffer（Accumulation Buffer，积聚缓冲）AC（Acoustic Edge，声学边缘）AC（Audio Codec，音频多媒体数字信号编解码器）AC-3（Audio Coding 3，第三代音响编码）AC97（Audio Codec 97，多媒体数字信号解编码器1997年标准）ACCP（Applied Computing Platform Providers，应用计算平台提供商）ACG（Aggressive Clock Gating，主动时钟选择）ACIRC（Advanced Cross Interleave Reed - Solomon Code，高级交叉插入里德所罗门代码）ACOPS（Automatic CPU OverHeat Prevention System（CPU过热预防系统）ACPI（Advanced Configuration and Power Interface，先进设置和电源管理）ACR（Advanced Communications Riser，高级通讯升级卡）ACS（Access Control Software，存取控制软件）ACT（Action，动作类游戏）AD（Analog to Digitalg，模拟到数字转换）ADC（Analog to Digital Converter，模数传换器）ADC（Apple Display Connector，苹果专用显示器接口）ADI（Adaptive De-Interlacing，自适应交错化技术）ADIMM（advanced Dual In-line Memory Modules，高级双重内嵌式内存模块）ADIP（Address In Pre-Groove，预凹槽寻址）ADSL（Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line，不对称数字订阅线路）ADT（Advanced DRAM Technology，高级内存技术）AE（Atmospheric Effects，大气雾化效果）AE（Auto Focus，自动测光）AES-OCB（Advanced Encryption Standard-Operation Cipher Block，高级加密标准-操作密码块）AF（Auto Focus，自动对焦）AFC media（antiferromagnetically coupled media，反铁磁性耦合介质）AFC（Advanced Frame Capture、高级画面捕获）AFC（Amplitude-frequency characteristic，振幅频率特征）AFE（Analog Front End，模拟前置）AFM（Atomic Force Microscope，原子力显微镜）AFR（Alternate Frame Rendering，交替渲染技术）AG（Aperture Grills，栅条式金属板）AGBS（Advance GameBoy development System，高级GameBoy发展系统）AGC（Anti Glare Coatings，防眩光涂层）AGP（Accelerated Graphics Port，图形加速接口）AGPS（Assisted Global Positioning System，援助全球定位系统）AGTL+（Assisted Gunning Transceiver Logic，援助发射接收逻辑电路）AGU（Address Generation Units，地址产成单元）AH（Authentication Header，鉴定文件头）AHA（Accelerated Hub Architecture，加速中心架构）AI（Artificial Intelligence，人工智能）AIMM（AGP Inline Memory Module，AGP板上内存升级模块）AIS（Alternate Instruction Set，交替指令集）AL（Additive Latency，附加反应时间）AL（Artificial Life，人工生命）ALAT（advanced load table，高级载入表）ALDC（Adaptive Lossless Data Compression，适应无损数据压缩）ALU（Arithmetic Logic Unit，算术逻辑单元）Aluminum（铝）AM（Acoustic Management，声音管理）AMC（audio/modem codec，音频/调制解调器多媒体数字信号编解码器）AMR（Audio/Modem Riser，音效/调制解调器主板附加直立插卡）An isotropic Filtering（各向异性过滤）ANSI（American National Standards Institute，美国国立标准协会）AOI（Automatic Optical Inspection，自动光学检验）AOL（Alert On LAN，局域网警告）APC（Advanced Power Control，高级能源控制）API（Application Programming Interfaces，应用程序接口）APIC（Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller，高级可编程中断控制器）APM（Advanced Power Management，高级能源管理）APPE（Advanced Packet Parsing Engine，增强形帧解析引擎）APS（Alternate Phase Shifting，交替相位跳转）APS（Audio Production Studio，音频生产工作室）APU（Audio Processing Unit，音频处理单元）APX（All Position eXpansion，全方位扩展）AR（Auto-Resume，自动恢复）ARC（Anti Reflect Coating，防反射涂层）ARF（Asynchronous Receive FIFO，异步接收先入先出）ARP（Address Resolution Protocol，地址解析协议）ARPG（Action Role Play Games，动作角色扮演游戏）ARR（Annual Return Rate，年返修率）ASB（Advanced System Buffering，高级系统缓冲）ASC（Advanced Size Check，高级尺寸检查）ASC（Anti Static Coatings，防静电涂层）ASC（Auto-Sizing and Centering，自动调效屏幕尺寸和中心位置）ASCI（The 10-year Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative，领先10年战略加速计算机）ASCII（American Standard Code for Information Interchange，美国国家标准信息交换代码）ASD（Auto Stereoscopic Display，自动立体显示）ASF（Advanced Streaming Format，高级数据流格式）ASF（Alert Standards Forum，警告标准讨论）ASIC（Application Specific Integrated Circuit，特殊应用积体电路）ASIO（Audio Streaming Input and Output interface，音频流输入输出接口）ASK IR（Amplitude Shift Keyed Infra-Red，长波形可移动输入红外线）ASMO（Advanced Storage Magneto-Optical，增强形光学存储器）ASP（Active Server Pages，活动服务页）ASP（Application Service Provider，应用服务提供商）ASPI（Advanced SCSI Programming Interface，高级SCSI可编程接口）AST（amorphous-silicon TFT，非晶硅薄膜晶体管）AST（Average Seek time，平均寻道时间）AT（Advanced Technology，先进技术）ATA（Advanced Technology Attachment，高级技术附加装置）ATAPI（AT Attachment Packet Interface，AT扩展包接口）ATC（Access Time from Clock，时钟存取时间）ATC（Advanced Transfer Cache，高级转移缓存）ATD（Assembly Technology Development，装配技术发展）ATL（ActiveX Template Library，ActiveX模板库）ATM（Asynchronous Transfer Mode，异步传输模式）ATM（Automatic Teller Machine，自动提款机）ATOMM（Advanced super Thin-layer and high-Output Metal Media，增强形超薄高速金属媒体）ATP（Active to Precharge，激活到预充电）ATRAC（Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding，可适应转换声学译码）ATSC（Advanced Television Systems Committee，高级电视系统委员会）ATX（AT Extend，扩展型AT）AUD_EXT（Audio Extension，音频扩展）AUX（Auxiliary Input，辅助输入接口）A V（Analog Video，模拟视频）A V（Audio & Video，音频和视频）A VG（Adventure Genre，冒险类游戏）A VI（Audio Video Interleave，音频视频插入）B Splines（B样条）B.O.D.E（Body Object Design Envioment，人体/物体/设计/环境渲染自动识别）BAC（Bad Angle Case，边角损坏采样）Back Buffer（后置缓冲）Backface culling（隐面消除）BAD（Best Amiga Dominators）BASIC（Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Codec，初学者通用指令代码）Battle for Eyeballs（眼球大战）BBS（BIOS Boot Specification，基本输入/输出系统启动规范）BBUL（Bumpless Build-Up Layer，内建非凹凸层）BCF（Boot Catalog File，启动目录文件）BEDO（Burst Enhanced Data-Out RAM，突发型数据增强输出内存）Benchmarks（基准测试程序数值BGA（Ball Grid Array，球状网阵排列）BHT（branch prediction table，分支预测表）BIF（Boot Image File，启动映像文件）Bilinear Filtering（双线性过滤）BIOS（Basic Input/Output System，基本输入/输出系统）BLA（Bearn Landing Area，电子束落区）BLP（Bottom Leaded Package，底部导向封装）BMC（Black Matrix Screen，超黑矩阵屏幕）BMS（Blue Magic Slot，蓝色魔法槽）BOD（Bandwidth On Demand，弹性带宽运用）BOPS（Billion Operations Per Second，十亿次运算/秒）BP（Brach Prediction，分支预测）BPA（Bit Packing Architecture，位封包架构）BPI（Bit Per Inch，位/英寸）bps（bit per second，位/秒）bps（byte per second，字节/秒）BPU（Branch Processing Unit，分支处理单元）BRC（Beta Release Candidate，测试发布候选版）BSD（Berkeley Software Distribution，伯克利软件分配代号）BSP（Binary Space Partitioning，二进制空间分区）BSP（Boot Strap Processor，启动捆绑处理器）BSRAM（Burst pipelined synchronous static RAM，突发式管道同步静态存储器）BTAC（Branch Target Address Calculator，分支目标寻址计算器）BTO（Build-To-Order，按序构建）BURN-Proof（Buffer UnderRuN-Proof，防止缓冲区溢出）C.O.P（CPU overheating protection，处理器过热保护）C2C（card-to-card interleaving，卡到卡交错存取CAD（computer-aided design，计算机辅助设计）CAM（Common Access Model，公共存取模型）CAM（Computer-aided manufacturing，计算机辅助制造）CAS（Column Address Strobe，列地址控制器）CA V（Constant Angular Velocity，恒定角速度）CBDS（Continuous Background Defect Scanning，连续后台错误扫描）CBF（Cable Broadband Forum，电缆宽带论坛）CBGA（Ceramic Ball Grid Array，陶瓷球状网阵排列）CBMC（Crossbar based memory controller，内存控制交叉装置）CBR（Committed Burst Rate，约定突发速率）CBR（Constant Bit Rate，固定比特率）CBU（color blending unit，色彩混和单位）CCD（Charge Coupled Device，电荷连接设备）CCIRN（Coordinating Committee for Intercontinental Research Networking，洲际研究网络协调委员会）CCM（Call Control Manager，拨号控制管理）cc-NUMA（cache-coherent non uniform memory access，连贯缓冲非统一内存寻址）CCS（Cross Capacitance Sensing，交叉电容感应）CCS（Cut Change System）CCT（Clock Cycle Time，时钟周期）CD（Compact Disc）cd/m^2（candela/平方米，亮度的单位）CDIP（Ceramic Dual-In-Line，陶瓷双重直线）CDPD（Cellular digital Packet data，细胞数字信息包数据）CDR（CD Recordable，可记录光盘）CDRAM（Cache DRAM，附加缓存型DRAM）CD-ROM/XA（CD-ROM eXtended Architecture，唯读光盘增强形架构）CDRS（Curved Directional Reflection Screen，曲线方向反射屏幕）CDRW（CD-Rewritable，可重复刻录光盘）CDSL（Consumer Digital Subscriber Line（消费者数字订阅线路）CE（Consumer Electronics，消费电子）CEA（Consumer Electronics Association，消费者电子协会）CEA（Critical Edge Angles，临界边角）CEM（cube environment mapping，立方环境映射）CEMA（Consumer Electronics Manufacturing Association，消费者电子制造业协会）Center Processing Unit Utilization，中央处理器占用率CEO（Chief Executive Officer，首席执行官）CF（CompactFlash Card，紧凑型闪存卡）CFM（cubic feet per minute，立方英尺/秒）CG（C for Graphics/GPU，用于图形/GPU的可编程语言）CG（Computer Graphics，计算机动画）CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口）CG-Silicon（Continuous Grain Silicon，连续微粒硅）CHRP（Common Hardware Reference Platform，共用硬件平台）CHS（Cylinders、Heads、Sectors，柱面、磁头、扇区）CIEA（Commercial Internet Exchange Association，商业因特网交易协会）CIR（Committed Information Rate，约定信息速率）CIS（Contact Image Sensors，接触图像传感器）CISC（Complex Instruction Set Computing，复杂指令集计算机）CL（CAS Latency，CAS反应时间）Clipping（剪贴纹理）CLK（Clock Cycle，时钟周期）Clock Synthesizer，时钟合成器CLV（Constant Linear Velocity，恒定线速度）CMOS（Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor，互补金属氧化物半导体）CMOV（conditional move instruction，条件移动指令）CMP（on-chip multiprocessor，片内多重处理）CMR（Colossal Magneto Resistive，巨磁阻抗）CMS（Code Morphing Software，代码变形软件）CMSS（Creative Multi Speaker Surround，创新多音箱环绕）CMT（course-grained multithreading，过程消除多线程）CNPS（Computer Noise Prevention System，计算机噪音预防系统）CNR（Communication and Networking Riser，通讯和网络升级卡）CNT（carbon nano-tube，碳微管）COAST（Cache-on-a-stick，条状缓存）COB（Cache on board，板上集成缓存）co-CPU（cooperative CPU，协处理器）COD（Cache on Die，芯片内核集成缓存）COM（Component Object Model，组件对象模式）COMDEX（Computer Distribution Exposition，计算机代理分销业展览会）compressed textures（压缩纹理）Concurrent Command Engine，协作命令引擎COO（Chief Organizer Officer，首席管理官）Copper（铜）CP（command processor，指令处理器）CPA（Close Page Auto recharge，接近页自动预充电）CPE（Customer Premise Equipment，用户预定设备）CPGA（Ceramic Pin Grid Array，陶瓷针型栅格阵列）CPI（count per inch，每英寸计数）CPI（cycles per instruction，周期/指令）CPLD（Complex Programmable Logic Device，复杂可程序化逻辑组件）CPRM（Content Protection for record able media，记录媒体内容保护）CPS（Certification Practice Statement，使用证明书）CPU（Center Processing Unit，中央处理器）CRC（Cyclical Redundancy Check，循环冗余检查）CRM（Customer Relationship Management，顾客关系管理）CRT（Cathode Ray Tube，阴极射线管）CRT（Cooperative Redundant Threads，协同多余线程）CS（Channel Separation，声道分离）CSA（Canadian Standards Association，加拿大标准协会）CSA（Communication Streaming Architecture，通讯流架构）CSC（Colorspace Conversion，色彩空间转换）CSD（Circuit Switched Data，电路切换数据通话）CSE（Configuration Space Enable，可分配空间）CSG（constructive solid geometry，建设立体几何）CSP（Chip Scale Package，芯片比例封装）CSP（Chip Size Package，芯片尺寸封装）CSS（Cascading Style Sheets，层叠格式表）CSS（Common Command Set，通用指令集）CSS（Content Scrambling System，内容不规则加密）CTI（Computer Telephone Integration，计算机电话综合技术）CTO（Chief Technology Officer，首席技术官）CTR（CAS to RAS，列地址到行地址延迟时间）CTS（Carpal Tunnel Syndrome，计算机腕管综合症）CTS（Clear to Send，清除发送）CVS（Compute Visual Syndrome，计算机视觉综合症）CXT（Chooper eXTend，增强形K6-2内核）DA（Digital to Analog，数字到模拟转换）DAB（digital audio broadcast，数字音频广播）DAC（Digital to Analog Converter，数模转换器）DAC（Dual Address Cycle，双重地址周期）DAE（digital Audio Extraction，数据音频抓取）DAN（Dance，跳舞类游戏）DAO（Disc At Once，整盘刻录）DAO-RAW（Disc At Once Read after Write，整盘刻录-写后读）DASP（Dynamic Adaptive Speculative Pre-Processor，动态适应预测预处理器）Data Forwarding（数据前送）dB（decibel，分贝）DB（Deep Buffer，深度缓冲）DB（Device Bay，设备插架）DBBS（Dynamic Bass Boost System，动态低音增强系统）DBI（dynamic bus inversion，动态总线倒置）DBS（Direct Broadcast Satellite，直接卫星广播）DBS-PC（Direct Broadcast Satellite PC，人造卫星直接广播式PC）DC（Digital Camera，数码相机）DC（Dreamcast，世嘉64位游戏机）DCA（Defense Communication Agency，国防部通信局）DCC（Digital Compact Cassette，数字盒式磁带）DCC（Digital Content Creation，数字内容创造）DCD（Directional Corelational De-interlacing，方向关联解交错）DCD（Document Content Description for XML，XML文件内容描述）DCE（Data Circuit Terminal Equipment，数据通信设备）DCLK（Dot Clock，点时钟）DCOM（Distributing Component Object Model，构造物体模块）DCT（Display Compression Technology，显示压缩技术）DCT（DRAM Controller，DRAM控制器）DD（Double Side，双面内存）DDBGA（Die Dimension Ball Grid Array，内核密度球状矩阵排列）DDC（Display Data Channel，显示数据通道）DDC（Dynamic Depth Cueing，动态深度暗示）图像DDE（dynamic data exchange，动态数据交换）DDMA（Distributed DMA，分布式DMA）DDP（Digital Display Port，数字输出端口）DDR SDRAM（Double Date Rate，上下行双数据率SDRAM）DDR（Double Date Rate，上下行双数据率）DDS（Direct Draw Surface，直接绘画表面）DDSS II（Double Dynamic Suspension System II，第二代双层动力悬吊系统）DDSS（Dolby Digital Surround Sound，杜比数字环绕声）DDSS（Double Dynamic Suspension System，双悬浮动态减震系统）DDT（Dynamic Deferred Transaction，动态延期处理）DDWG（Digital Display Working Group，数字化显示工作组）DEC（Direct Etching Coatings，表面蚀刻涂层）Decal（印花法）Decode（指令解码）Deflection Coil（偏转线圈）DES（ata Encryption Standard，数据加密标准）DFL（Dynamic Focus Lens，动态聚焦）DFP（Digital Flat Panel，数字平面显示标准）DFPG（Digital Flat Panel Group，数字平面显示标准工作组）DFS（Digital Flex Scan，数字伸缩扫描）DFS（Dynamic Flat Shading，动态平面描影）DHCP（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol，动态主机分配协议）DHHF（Dual Head - High Fidelity，高精度第四代双头）DHT（Dolby Headphone Technology，杜比耳机技术）DIB（Dual Independent Bus，双重独立总线）DIC（Digital Image Control，数字图像控制）DID（Device ID，设备ID）Digital Multiscan II（数字式智能多频追踪）DIL（dual-in-line）DIMM（Dual In-line Memory Modules，双重内嵌式内存模块）Directional Light（方向性光源）DiscWizard（磁盘控制软件）DIT（Disk Inspection Test，磁盘检查测试）Dithering（抖动）DIV A（Data IntensiVe Architecture，数据加强架构）DIY（Do it Yourself，自己装机）DLL（Delay-Locked Loop，延时锁定循环电路）dll（dynamic link library，动态链接库）DLP（digital Light Processing，数字光处理）DLS（Downloadable Sounds Level，可下载音色）DLS-2（Downloadable Sounds Level 2，第二代可下载音色）DM（Displacement mapping，位移贴图）DMA（Direct Memory Access，直接内存存取）DMAC（Direct Memory Access Controller，直接内存存取控制器）DME（Direct Memory Execute，直接内存执行）DMF（Distribution Media Format）DMI（Desktop Management Interface，桌面管理接口）DMT（Discreet Monitor Timing，智能型显示器调速）DMT（Discrete Multi - Tone，不连续多基频模式）DMT（Dynamic Multithreading Architecture，动态多线程结构）DNA（Distributed Internet Application，分布式因特网应用程序）DNS（Domain Name System，域名解析系统）DOA2 HC（Deal or Live 2 hardcore，生与死2完整版）DOC（Disk On Chip，芯片磁盘）DOCSIS（Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications，线缆服务接口数据规格）DOF（Depth of Field，多重境深）DOJ（Department of Justice，反不正当竞争部门）DOM（Document Object Model，文档目标模型）DoS（Denial of Service，拒绝服务）DOS（Disk Operating System，磁盘操作系统）DOSD（Digital On Screen Display，同屏数字化显示）Dot Pitch（点距）dot texture blending（点型纹理混和）DOT（Dynamic Overcooking Technology，动态超频技术）DOT3（Dot product 3 bump mapping，点乘积凹凸映射）Double Buffering（双缓冲区）DP（Dual Processor，双处理器）DPBM（Dot Product Bump Mapping，点乘积凹凸映射）DPC（Desktop PC，桌面PC）dpi（dot per inch，每英寸的打印像素）DPMS（Display Power Management Signaling，显示能源管理信号）DPP（Direct print Protocol，直接打印协议DQL（Dynamic Quadra pole Lens，动态四极镜）DQS（Bidirectional data strobe，双向数据滤波）DQUICK（DVD Qualification and Integration Kit，DVD资格和综合工具包）DRA（deferred rendering architecture，延迟渲染架构）DRAM（Dynamic Random Access Memory，动态随机存储器）DRCG（Direct Rambus Clock Generator，直接Rambus时钟发生器）DRDRAM（Direct RAMBUS DRAM，直接内存总线DRAM）DRF（Digital radio frequency，数字无线电频率）DRI（Direct Rendering Infrastructure，基层直接渲染）DRM（Digital rights management，数字版权保护）DRSL（Differential Rambus Signaling Level，微分RAMBUS信号级）DRSL（Direct Rambus Signaling Level，直接RAMBUS信号级）DS3D（DirectSound 3D Streams）DSD（Direct Stream Digital，直接数字信号流）DSL（Data Strobe Link，数据选通连接DSL（Down Loadable Sample，可下载的取样音色）DSM（Dedicated Stack Manager，专门堆栈管理）DSM（Distributed shared memory，分布式共享内存）DSMT（Dynamic Simultaneous Multithreading，动态同步多线程）DSO（Dynamic Sound-stage Organizer，动态声音层组建）DSP（Delivery Service Partner，交付服务合伙人）DSP（Digital Signal Processing，数字信号处理）DSP（Digital Sound Field Processing，数字音场处理）DSP（Dual Streams Processor，双重流处理器）DST（Depleted Substrate Transistor，衰竭型底层晶体管）DST（Drive Self Test，磁盘自检程序）DSTN（Double layers Super Twisted Nematic，双层超扭曲向列，无源矩阵LCD）DSVD（Digital Simultaneous V oice and Data）DTD（Document Type Definition，文件类型定义）DTE（Data Terminal Equipment，数据终端设备）DTL（Developer Tool，发展工具包）DTR（Disk Transfer Rate，磁盘传输率）DTS（Digital Theater System，数字剧院系统）DTT（DeskTop Theater，桌面剧院）DTV（Digital TV，数字电视）DTV（Dual Threshold V oltage，双重极限电压）DTXS（Decryption Transform for XML Signature，XML签名解密转换）DUN（Dial-Up Networking，拨号网络）DUV（Deep Ultra-Violet，纵深紫外光）DV（Digital Vidicon，数码摄录机）DVB（Digital Video Broadcasting，数字视频广播DVC（Digital Vibrance Control，数字振动控制）DVD（Digital Video/Versatile Disk，数字视频/万能光盘）DVD-R（DVD Recordable，可记录DVD盘）DVD-RAM（Digital Video/Versatile Disk - Random Access Memory，随机存储数字视频/万能光盘）DVD-RW（DVD Rewritable，可重复刻录DVD盘）DVFM（Dynamic V oltage and Frequency Management，动态电压和频率管理）DVI（Digital Video Interface，数字视频接口）DVI（Digital Visual Interface，数字化视像接口）DVMT（Dynamic Video Memory Technology，动态视频内存技术）DWDM（Dense WaveLength Division Multiplex，波长密集型复用技术）DxR（DynamicXTended Resolution，动态可扩展分辨率）DXTC（Direct X Texture Compress，DirectX纹理压缩）Dynamic Z-buffering（动态Z轴缓冲区）E（Economy，经济，或Entry-level，入门级）E3（Electronic Entertainment Expo，电子娱乐展览会）EAP（Extensible Authentication Protocol，扩展证明协议）EAX（Environmental Audio Extensions，环境音效扩展技术）EB（Expansion Bus，扩展总线）EBGA（Enhanced Ball Grid Array，增强形球状网阵排列）EBL（electron beam lithography，电子束平版印刷）EBR（Excess Burst Rate，超额突发速率）EC（Early Childhood，学龄前儿童）EC（Embedded Controller，嵌入式控制器）ECC（Elliptic Curve Crypto，椭圆曲线加密）ECC（Error Checking and Correction，错误检查修正）ECD（Electro Chromic Display，电铬显示器）ECP（Extended Capabilities Port，延长能力端口）ED（Execution driven，执行驱动）EDA（Electronic Design Automatic，电子设计自动化）E-DDC（Enhanced Display Data Channel，增强形视频数据通道协议）EDEC（Early Decode，早期解码）Edge Anti-aliasing（边缘抗锯齿失真）EDO（Enhanced Data-Out RAM，数据增强输出内存）EE（Emotion Engine，情感引擎）E-EDID（Enhanced Extended Identification Data，增强形扩充身份辨识数据）EEPROM（Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM，电擦写可编程只读存储器）eFB（embedded Frame Buffer，嵌入式帧缓冲）EFEAL（Extended Field Elliptical Aperture Lens，可扩展扫描椭圆孔镜头）EFF（Electronic Frontier Foundation（电子前线基金会）EFI（Extensible Firmware Interface，扩展固件接口）EFM（Eight to Fourteen Modulation，8位信号转换为14位信号）EFU（Elemntary Functional Unit，增强功能单元）EHCI（Enhanced Host Controller Interface，加强型主机端控制接口）EHSDRAM（Enhanced High Speed DRAM，增强型超高速内存）EIDE（enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics，增强形电子集成驱动器）EISA（Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture，增强形工业标准架构）EL DDR（Enhanced Latency DDR，增强反应周期DDR内存）Embedded Chips（嵌入式）EMBM（environment mapped bump mapping，环境凹凸映射）Embosing（浮雕）EMC（Electron Magnetic Compatibility，电磁兼容）EMF（Electron Magnetic Field，电磁场）EMI（Electromagnetic Interference，电磁干扰）EMP（Emergency Management Port，紧急事件管理端口）EMS（Enhanced Memory System，增强内存系统）EMS（Enhanced Message Service，扩展型信息服务）EMS（Expanded Memory Specification，扩充内存规格）EOL（End of Life，最终完成产品）EOS（eBookMan Operating System，电子书操作系统）EPA（edge pin array，边缘针脚阵列）EPA（Environmental Protection Agency，美国环境保护局）EPF（Embedded Processor Forum，嵌入式处理器论坛）EPIC（explicitly parallel instruction code，并行指令代码）EPL（electron projection lithography，电子发射平版印刷）EPM（Enhanced Power Management，增强形能源管理）EPM（enterprise project manage）EPOC（Electronic Piece of Cheese，小型电子块）EPOC（Elevated Package Over CSP，CSP架空封装）EPP（Enhanced Parallel Port，增强形平行接口）EPROM（erasable，programmable ROM，可擦写可编程ROM）EPV（Extended Voltage Protection，扩展电压保护）ERD（Emergency Repair Disk，应急修理磁盘）ERP（Enterprise Requirement Planning，企业需求计划）ERP（Enterprise Resource Planning，企业资源计划）ERP（estimated retail price，估计零售价）ES（Energy Star，能源之星）ES（Engineering Sample，工程样品）eSA TA（External Serial ATA，扩展型串行A TA）ESCD（Extended System Configuration Data，可扩展系统配置数据）ESD（electro-static discharge，静电释放）ESDJ（Easy Setting Dual Jumper，简化CPU双重跳线法）ESDRAM（Enhanced SDRAM，增强型SDRAM）ESER（EAC Secure Extract Ripping，EAC安全抓取复制）ESP（Electronic-Shock Protection，电子抗震系统）ESP（Embedded System Platform，嵌入式系统平台）ESP（Encapsulating Security Payload，压缩安全有效载荷）ESR（Equivalent Series Resistance，等价系列电阻）ESRAM（Enhanced SRAM，增强型SRAM）eTM（embedded Texture Buffer，嵌入式纹理缓冲）ETRI（Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute，电子和电信研究协会）EULA（End-User License Agreement，最终用户释放协议）EUV（Extreme Ultra Violet，紫外光）EUV（extreme ultraviolet lithography，极端紫外平版印刷）EVF（Electronic Viewfinder，电子取景窗）E-WDM（Enhanced Windows Driver Model，增强型视窗驱动程序模块）Execute Buffers（执行缓冲区）Extended Burst Transactions（增强式突发处理）Extended Stereo（扩展式立体声）Factor Alpha Blending（因子阿尔法混合）FADD（Floationg Point Addition，浮点加）FAQ（Frequently Asked Questions，常见问题回答）Fast Z-clear（快速Z缓冲清除）FAT（File Allocation Tables，文件分配表）FB（fragment buffer，片段缓冲）FBC（Frame Buffer Cache，帧缓冲缓存）FBGA（Fine-Pitch Ball Grid Array，精细倾斜球状网阵排列）FBGA（flipchip BGA，轻型芯片BGA）F-Buffer（Fragment Stream FIFO Buffer，片段流先入先出缓冲区）FC（Famicom，任天堂8位游戏机）FC（Fibre Channel，光纤通道）FC-BGA（Flip-Chip Ball Grid Array，反转芯片球形栅格阵列）FCC（Federal Communications Commission，联邦通信委员会）FC-PGA（Flip-Chip Pin Grid Array，反转芯片针脚栅格阵列）FCRAM（Fast Cycle RAM，快周期随机存储器）FDB（Fluid Dynamic Bearing，非固定动态轴承）FDB（fluid-dynamic bearings，动态轴承）FDBM（Fluid dynamic bearing motors，液态轴承马达）FDC（Floppy Disk Controller，软盘驱动器控制装置）FDD（Floppy Disk Driver，软盘驱动器）FDIV（Floationg Point Divide，浮点除）FDM（Frequency Division Multi，频率分离）FED（Field Emission Displays，电场显示器）FEMMA（Foldable Electronic Memory Module Assembly，折叠电子内存模块装配）FEMMS（Fast Entry/Exit Multimedia State，快速进入/退出多媒体状态FFB（Force Feed Back，力反馈）FFJ（Force Feedback Joystick，力量反馈式操纵杆）FFT（fast Fourier transform，快速热欧姆转换）FGM（Fine-Grained Multithreading，高级多线程）FID（FID（Frequency identify，频率鉴别号码）FIFO（First Input First Output，先入先出队列）FIR（finite impulse response，有限推进响应）FireWire（火线，即IEEE1394标准）FISC（Fast Instruction Set Computer，快速指令集计算机）FL（fragment list，片段列表）FL（Function Lookup，功能查找）Flat（平面描影）FlexATX（Flexibility ATX，可扩展性A TX）flip double buffered（反转双缓存）flip-chip（芯片反转）FLIR（Forward Looking Infra-Red，前视红外）FLOPs（Floating Point Operations Per Second，浮点操作/秒）Flow-control（流控制）FLS（Front Light Screen，前发光屏幕）Flyback Transformer（回转变压器）FM（Flash Memory，快闪存储器）FM（Frequency Modulation，频率调制）FMA（full-motion animated backdrops）FMAC（Floating-Point Multiply-Accumulators，浮点累积乘单元）FMC（Frictionless Memory Control，无阻内存控制）FMD ROM（Fluorescent Material Read Only Memory，荧光质只读存储器）FMT（fine-grained multithreading，纯消除多线程）FMUL（Floationg Point Multiplication，浮点乘）Fog table quality（雾化表画质）Fog（雾化效果）FPD（flat panel display，平面显示器）FPM（Fast Page Mode，快页模式内存）FPRs（floating-point registers，浮点寄存器）FPS（First Person Shooters，第一人称射击游戏）FPS（FourPointSurround，创新的四点环绕扬声器系统）fps（frames per second，帧/秒）FPU（Float Point Unit，浮点运算单元）FR（Frames Rate，游戏运行帧数）FR（Frequence Response，频率响应）Frames rate is King（帧数为王）FRC（Frame Rate Control，帧比率控制）FRICC（Federal Research Internet Coordinating Committee，联邦调查因特网协调委员会）FRJS（Fully Random Jittered Super-Sampling，完全随机移动式超级采样）Front Buffer（前置缓冲）FSAA（Full Scene/Screen Anti-aliasing，全景/屏幕抗锯齿）FSB（Front Side Bus，前端总线）FSE（Frequency Shifter Effect，频率转换效果）FSR（force sensor resistance，动力感应电阻）FSTN（Film compensated Super Twisted liquid crystal，带补偿膜超扭曲相列）FSUB（Floationg Point Subtraction，浮点减）FTC（Federal Trade Commission，联邦商业委员会）FTG（Fighting Game，格斗类游戏）FTP（File Transfer Protocol，文件传输协议）Fur（软毛效果）FW（Fast Write，快写，AGP总线的特殊功能）FWH（Firmware Hub，固件中心）GART（Graphic Address Remappng Table，图形地址重绘表）GB（Game Boy，任天堂4位手提游戏机）GB（Garibaldi架构，Garibaldi基于ATX架构，但是也能够使用WTX构架的机箱）GBA（Game Boy Advanced，任天堂增强型手提游戏机）GBC（Game Boy Color，任天堂手提16色游戏机）GBL（GameBoy Light，GB夜光型）GBP（GameBoy Pocket，GB口袋型）GDC（Game Developer Conference，游戏发展商会议）GDI（Graphics Device Interface，图形设备接口）GFD（Gold finger Device，金手指超频设备）GG（Game Gear，世嘉彩色手提游戏机）GHC（Global History Counter，通用历史计数器）Ghost（（General Hardware Oriented System Transfer，全面硬件导向系统转移）GI（Global Illumination，球形光照）GIC（Gold Immersion Coating，化金涂布技术）GIF（Graphics Interchange Format，图像交换格式）GIF（Graphics Interface unit，图形接口单元）GLV（grating-light-valve，光栅亮度阀）GM（General Midi，普通MIDI）GM（Glass Mould，玻璃铸制）GMCH（Graphics & Memory Controller Hub，图形和内存控制中心）GMR（giant magnetoresistive，巨型磁阻）Gouraud Shading，高洛德描影，也称为内插法均匀涂色GPA（Graphics Performance Accelerator，图形性能加速卡）GPF（General protect fault，一般保护性错误）GPIs（General Purpose Inputs，普通操作输入）GPL（GNU Public License，GNU公众授权）GPRS（General Packet Raice，整合封包无线服务）GPRs（General Purpose Registers，通用寄存器）GPS（Global Positioning System，全球定位系统）GPT（Graphics Performance Toolkit，图形性能工具包）GPU（Graphics Processing Unit，图形处理器）GS（Graphic Synthesizer，图形合成器）GSM（Galvanization Superconductive Material，电镀锌超导材料）GTF（General Timing Formula，普通调速方程式）GTL（Gunning Transceiver Logic，发射接收逻辑电路）GTS（Giga Textel Sharder，十亿像素填充率）Guard Band Support（支持保护带）GUI（Graphics User Interface，图形用户界面）GVPP（Generic Visual Perception Processor，常规视觉处理器）GWS（graphics workstations，图形工作站）HAL（Hardware Abstraction Layer，硬件抽像化层）HCF（Host Controller，主体控制处理）HCI（Host Controller Interface，主机控制接口HCL（Hardware Compatibility List，硬件兼容性列表）HCRP（Hardcopy Cable Replacement Profile，硬复制电缆复位协议子集）HCT（Hardware Compatibility Test，硬件兼容性测试HDA（Head Disk Assembly，头盘组件）HDA（high-efficiency Audax High Definition Aerogel，高效高清楚气动）HDIT（High Bandwidth Differential Interconnect Technology，高带宽微分互连技术）HDMI（High Definition Multimedia Interface，高精度多媒体接口）HDR（High Dynamic Range，高级动态范围）HDRL（high dynamic-range lighting，高动态范围光线）HDSL（High bit rate DSL，高比特率数字订阅线路）HDSS（Holographic Data Storage System，全息数据存储系统）HDTV（high definition television，高清晰度电视）HDVP（High-Definition Video Processor，高精度视频处理器）HE（Home Edition，家庭版）HEL（Hardware Emulation Layer（硬件模拟层）HID（Human Interface Device，人机对话接口设备）Hierarchical Z（Z分级）HiFD（high-capacity floppy disk，高容量软盘）Hi-fi（high fidelity，高精度设备）high triangle count（复杂三角形计数）HLL（high level language，高级语言）HLLCA（High-Level Language Computing Architecture，高级语言计算架构）HL-PBGA（表面黏著，高耐热、轻薄型塑胶球状网阵封装HLSL（High Level Shading Language，高级描影语言）HMC（hardware motion compensation，硬件运动补偿）HMC（holographic media card，全息媒体卡）HMD（holographic media disk，全息媒体磁盘）Home PNA（Home Private Network Adapter，家庭私人网络适配器）HOS（Higher-Order Surfaces，高次序表面）HPC（Hand held PC，手持电脑设备）HPDR（High-Precision Dynamic-Range，高精度动态范围）HPF（High-Pass Filter，高通滤波器）HPNA（home phoneline networking，家庭电话线网络）HPS（High Performance Server，高性能服务器）HPTC（high performance technical computing，高性能技术运算）HPW（High Performance Workstation，高性能工作站）HRAA（High Resolution Anti-aliasing，高分辨率抗锯齿）HRTF（Head Related Transfer Function，头部关联传输功能）HSCSD（High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data，高速巡回开关数据）HSDRAM（High Speed DRAM，超高速内存）HSF（Host Signal，主体信号处理）HSI（High Speed Interconnect，高速内连）HSLB（High Speed Link Bus，高速链路总线）HSP（Host Signal Processing，主体信号处理）HSR（Hidden Surface Removal，隐藏表面移除）HT（Hyper Transport，超级传输）HTA（Hypertext Application，超文本应用程序）HTML（Hypertext Markup Language，超文本标记语言）HTP（Hyper Texel Pipeline，超级像素管道）HTT（Hyper Threading Technology，超级线程技术）HTTC（Hyper Transport Technology Consortium，Hyper Transport技术协会）。
TW 117设计学中英对照术语
Chinese 1次以上接触率 二维动画 三维动画 6-3-5方法 80/20法则 抽象造形 抽象形状 抽象 重点色彩 亲和性；易接近；可触及性 折迭夹页 {平面设计} 业务代表 声学模型 行动；开拍 动作游戏 行动模式 行动计划 行动程序 行动研究 行动理论 动作转场 促动式广告 实线 具体化；实现 具体化行动 广告页曝光 适应策略；调适策略 附加价值 加法雕塑 加成价值函数 广告印象累积 冒险游戏 广告 广告代理商 广告活动 广告干扰 广告设计 广告公司 广告策略 美学机能 美即好用效应 美学 亲和图 后像；残像 辅助回忆 演算方法 对齐；调整 替选解决方案；替选解答 替选阶段 替选方案；其他选项 扩大透视法 类似色；相似色；模拟色 模拟式问题 模拟模型
模拟；模拟法 分析 辅助角色 取镜角度 动画 人体计测学 应用程序 外观；外貌；表象 应用艺术 原型；原形 建筑设计 建筑 艺术；艺术作品 艺术指导；艺术导演；艺术总监 器物分析；文物分析 人工智能；人工智能 旁白 组装图；组合图 装配时间 助理创意总监 联想方法 联想理论 非对称平衡 非对称互补 大气透视法；空气透视法 吸引力 属性表 属性模拟 观众；阅听众 阅听众累计 阅听众组成 阅听众流量 阅听分众 音响；声音 视听觉 扩增实境 授权 自动优化 前卫；前卫风格 化身 背景 背景故事 平衡 频带；乐队 带宽；带宽 横幅{网络广告} 条形码 基本概念 批次 行为 行为识别 行为模型；行为模式 行为对映 行为科学 标竿
Hale Waihona Puke cognition cognitive dissonance cohesive strength collaborate design collaborative design collage collateral material color associations color chart color contrast color correction color filter color forecasting color harmony color intensity color management color marketing color marketing group color match color scale color scheme color sensation color separation color system color temperature color value color wheel combinatorial explosion comic comic supplement command line commercial commercial audience commercial film {=CF} commercial impression commercial pool commercial time common language communication communication design communication skill community community relations company policy compatibility compatible solution competing product analysis competitor analysis complementary color completeness complexity component composition comprehensive designing compression
计算机术语与中文解释对照
3C（China Compulsory Certification，中国强制性产品认证制度）3D（Three Dimensional，三维）3DCG（3D computer graphics，三维计算机图形）3DNow!（3D no waiting，无须等待的3D处理）3DPA（3D Positional Audio，3D定位音频）3DS（3D SubSystem，三维子系统）3GIO（Third Generation Input/Output，第三代输入输出技术）AA（Accuview Antialiasing，高精度抗锯齿）AAC（Advanced Audio Compression，高级音频压缩）AAM（AMD Analyst Meeting，AMD分析家会议）AAM（Automatic Acoustic Management，自动机械声学管理）AAS（Automatic Area Segments）AAT（Average access time，平均存取时间）ABB（Advanced Boot Block，高级启动块）ABP（Address Bit Permuting，地址位序列改变）ABP（Advanced Branch Prediction，高级分支预测）ABS（Auto Balance System，自动平衡系统）A-Buffer（Accumulation Buffer，积聚缓冲）AC（Acoustic Edge，声学边缘）AC（Audio Codec，音频多媒体数字信号编解码器）AC-3（Audio Coding 3，第三代音响编码）AC97（Audio Codec 97，多媒体数字信号解编码器1997年标准）ACCP（Applied Computing Platform Providers，应用计算平台提供商）ACG（Aggressive Clock Gating，主动时钟选择）ACIRC（Advanced Cross Interleave Reed - Solomon Code，高级交叉插入里德所罗门代码）ACOPS（Automatic CPU OverHeat Prevention System（CPU过热预防系统）ACPI（Advanced Configuration and Power Interface，先进设置和电源管理）ACR（Advanced Communications Riser，高级通讯升级卡）ACS（Access Control Software，存取控制软件）ACT（Action，动作类游戏）AD（Analog to Digitalg，模拟到数字转换）ADC（Analog to Digital Converter，模数传换器）ADC（Apple Display Connector，苹果专用显示器接口）ADI（Adaptive De-Interlacing，自适应交错化技术）ADIMM（advanced Dual In-line Memory Modules，高级双重内嵌式内存模块）ADIP（Address In Pre-Groove，预凹槽寻址）ADSL（Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line，不对称数字订阅线路）ADT（Advanced DRAM Technology，高级内存技术）AE（Atmospheric Effects，大气雾化效果）AE（Auto Focus，自动测光）AES-OCB（Advanced Encryption Standard-Operation Cipher Block，高级加密标准-操作密码块）AF（Auto Focus，自动对焦）AFC media（antiferromagnetically coupled media，反铁磁性耦合介质）AFC（Advanced Frame Capture、高级画面捕获）AFC（Amplitude-frequency characteristic，振幅频率特征）AFE（Analog Front End，模拟前置）AFM（Atomic Force Microscope，原子力显微镜）AFR（Alternate Frame Rendering，交替渲染技术）AG（Aperture Grills，栅条式金属板）AGBS（Advance GameBoy development System，高级GameBoy发展系统）AGC（Anti Glare Coatings，防眩光涂层）AGP（Accelerated Graphics Port，图形加速接口）AGPS（Assisted Global Positioning System，援助全球定位系统）AGTL+（Assisted Gunning Transceiver Logic，援助发射接收逻辑电路）AGU（Address Generation Units，地址产成单元）AH（Authentication Header，鉴定文件头）AHA（Accelerated Hub Architecture，加速中心架构）AI（Artificial Intelligence，人工智能）AIMM（AGP Inline Memory Module，AGP板上内存升级模块）AIS（Alternate Instruction Set，交替指令集）AL（Additive Latency，附加反应时间）AL（Artificial Life，人工生命）ALAT（advanced load table，高级载入表）ALDC（Adaptive Lossless Data Compression，适应无损数据压缩）ALU（Arithmetic Logic Unit，算术逻辑单元）Aluminum（铝）AM（Acoustic Management，声音管理）AMC（audio/modem codec，音频/调制解调器多媒体数字信号编解码器）AMR（Audio/Modem Riser，音效/调制解调器主机板附加直立插卡）An isotropic Filtering（各向异性过滤）ANSI（American National Standards Institute，美国国立标准协会）AOI（Automatic Optical Inspection，自动光学检验）AOL（Alert On LAN，局域网警告）APC（Advanced Power Control，高级能源控制）API（Application Programming Interfaces，应用程序接口）APIC（Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller，高级可编程中断控制器）APM（Advanced Power Management，高级能源管理）APPE（Advanced Packet Parsing Engine，增强形帧解析引擎）APS（Alternate Phase Shifting，交替相位跳转）APS（Audio Production Studio，音频生产工作室）APU（Audio Processing Unit，音频处理单元）APX（All Position eXpansion，全方位扩展）AR（Auto-Resume，自动恢复）ARC（Anti Reflect Coating，防反射涂层）ARF（Asynchronous Receive FIFO，异步接收先入先出）ARP（Address Resolution Protocol，地址解析协议）ARPG（Action Role Play Games，动作角色扮演游戏）ARR（Annual Return Rate，年返修率）ASB（Advanced System Buffering，高级系统缓冲）ASC（Advanced Size Check，高级尺寸检查）ASC（Anti Static Coatings，防静电涂层）ASC（Auto-Sizing and Centering，自动调效屏幕尺寸和中心位置）ASCI（The 10-year Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative，领先10年战略加速计算机）ASCII（American Standard Code for Information Interchange，美国国家标准信息交换代码）ASD（Auto Stereoscopic Display，自动立体显示）ASF（Advanced Streaming Format，高级数据流格式）ASF（Alert Standards Forum，警告标准讨论）ASIC（Application Specific Integrated Circuit，特殊应用积体电路）ASIO（Audio Streaming Input and Output interface，音频流输入输出接口）ASK IR（Amplitude Shift Keyed Infra-Red，长波形可移动输入红外线）ASMO（Advanced Storage Magneto-Optical，增强形光学存储器）ASP（Active Server Pages，活动服务页）ASP（Application Service Provider，应用服务提供商）ASPI（Advanced SCSI Programming Interface，高级SCSI可编程接口）AST（amorphous-silicon TFT，非晶硅薄膜晶体管）AST（Average Seek time，平均寻道时间）AT（Advanced Technology，先进技术）ATA（Advanced Technology Attachment，高级技术附加装置）ATAPI（AT Attachment Packet Interface，AT扩展包接口）ATC（Access Time from Clock，时钟存取时间）ATC（Advanced Transfer Cache，高级转移缓存）ATD（Assembly Technology Development，装配技术发展）ATL（ActiveX Template Library，ActiveX模板库）ATM（Asynchronous Transfer Mode，异步传输模式）ATM（Automatic Teller Machine，自动提款机）ATOMM（Advanced super Thin-layer and high-Output Metal Media，增强形超薄高速金属媒体）ATP（Active to Precharge，激活到预充电）ATRAC（Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding，可适应转换声学译码）ATSC（Advanced Television Systems Committee，高级电视系统委员会）ATX（AT Extend，扩展型AT）AUD_EXT（Audio Extension，音频扩展）AUX（Auxiliary Input，辅助输入接口）AV（Analog Video，模拟视频）AV（Audio & Video，音频和视频）AVG（Adventure Genre，冒险类游戏）AVI（Audio Video Interleave，音频视频插入）B Splines（B样条）B.O.D.E（Body Object Design Envioment，人体/物体/设计/环境渲染自动识别）BAC（Bad Angle Case，边角损坏采样）Back Buffer（后置缓冲）Backface culling（隐面消除）BAD（Best Amiga Dominators）BASIC（Beginner s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Codec，初学者通用指令代码）Battle for Eyeballs（眼球大战）BBS（BIOS Boot Specification，基本输入/输出系统启动规范）BBUL（Bumpless Build-Up Layer，内建非凹凸层）BCF（Boot Catalog File，启动目录文件）BEDO（Burst Enhanced Data-Out RAM，突发型数据增强输出内存）Benchmarks（基准测试程序数值BGA（Ball Grid Array，球状网阵排列）BHT（branch prediction table，分支预测表）BIF（Boot Image File，启动映像文件）Bilinear Filtering（双线性过滤）BIOS（Basic Input/Output System，基本输入/输出系统）BLA（Bearn Landing Area，电子束落区）BLP（Bottom Leaded Package，底部导向封装）BMC（Black Matrix Screen，超黑矩阵屏幕）BMS（Blue Magic Slot，蓝色魔法槽）BOD（Bandwidth On Demand，弹性带宽运用）BOPS（Billion Operations Per Second，十亿次运算/秒）BP（Brach Prediction，分支预测）BPA（Bit Packing Architecture，位封包架构）BPI（Bit Per Inch，位/英寸）bps（bit per second，位/秒）bps（byte per second，字节/秒）BPU（Branch Processing Unit，分支处理单元）BRC（Beta Release Candidate，测试发布候选版0）BSD（Berkeley Software Distribution，伯克利软件分配代号）BSP（Binary Space Partitioning，二进制空间分区）BSP（Boot Strap Processor，启动捆绑处理器）BSRAM（Burst pipelined synchronous static RAM，突发式管道同步静态存储器）BTAC（Branch Target Address Calculator，分支目标寻址计算器）BTO（Build-To-Order，按序构建）BURN-Proof（Buffer UnderRuN-Proof，防止缓冲区溢出）C.O.P（CPU overheating protection，处理器过热保护）C2C（card-to-card interleaving，卡到卡交错存取CAD（computer-aided design，计算机辅助设计）CAM（Common Access Model，公共存取模型）CAM（Computer-aided manufacturing，计算机辅助制造）CAS（Column Address Strobe，列地址控制器）CAV（Constant Angular Velocity，恒定角速度）CBDS（Continuous Background Defect Scanning，连续后台错误扫描）CBF（Cable Broadband Forum，电缆宽带论坛）CBGA（Ceramic Ball Grid Array，陶瓷球状网阵排列）CBMC（Crossbar based memory controller，内存控制交叉装置）CBR（Committed Burst Rate，约定突发速率）CBR（Constant Bit Rate，固定比特率）CBU（color blending unit，色彩混和单位）CCD（Charge Coupled Device，电荷连接设备）CCIRN（Coordinating Committee for Intercontinental Research Networking，洲际研究网络协调委员会）CCM（Call Control Manager，拨号控制管理）cc-NUMA（cache-coherent non uniform memory access，连贯缓冲非统一内存寻址）CCS（Cross Capacitance Sensing，交叉电容感应）CCS（Cut Change System）CCT（Clock Cycle Time，时钟周期）CD（Compact Disc）cd/m^2（candela/平方米，亮度的单位）CDIP（Ceramic Dual-In-Line，陶瓷双重直线）CDPD（Cellular digital Packet data，细胞数字信息包数据）CDR（CD Recordable，可记录光盘）CDRAM（Cache DRAM，附加缓存型DRAM）CD-ROM/XA（CD-ROM eXtended Architecture，唯读光盘增强形架构）CDRS（Curved Directional Reflection Screen，曲线方向反射屏幕）CDRW（CD-Rewritable，可重复刻录光盘）CDSL（Consumer Digital Subscriber Line（消费者数字订阅线路）CE（Consumer Electronics，消费电子）CEA（Consumer Electronics Association，消费者电子协会）CEA（Critical Edge Angles，临界边角）CEM（cube environment mapping，立方环境映射）CEMA（Consumer Electronics Manufacturing Association（消费者电子制造业协会）Center Processing Unit Utilization，中央处理器占用率CEO（Chief Executive Officer，首席执行官）CF（CompactFlash Card，紧凑型闪存卡）CFM（cubic feet per minute，立方英尺/秒）CG（C for Graphics/GPU，用于图形/GPU的可编程语言）CG（Computer Graphics，计算机动画）CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口）CG-Silicon（Continuous Grain Silicon，连续微粒硅）CHRP（Common Hardware Reference Platform，共用硬件平台）CHS（Cylinders、Heads、Sectors，柱面、磁头、扇区）CIEA（Commercial Internet Exchange Association，商业因特网交易协会）CIR（Committed Information Rate，约定信息速率）CIS（Contact Image Sensors，接触图像传感器）CISC（Complex Instruction Set Computing，复杂指令集计算机）CL（CAS Latency，CAS反应时间）Clipping（剪贴纹理）CLK（Clock Cycle，时钟周期）Clock Synthesizer，时钟合成器CLV（Constant Linear Velocity，恒定线速度）CMOS（Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor，互补金属氧化物半导体）CMOV（conditional move 包含uction，条件移动指令）CMP（on-chip multiprocessor，片内多重处理）CMR（Colossal Magneto Resistive，巨磁阻抗）CMS（Code Morphing Software，代码变形软件）CMSS（Creative Multi Speaker Surround，创新多音箱环绕）CMT（course-grained multithreading，过程消除多线程）CNPS（Computer Noise Prevention System，计算机噪音预防系统）CNR（Communication and Networking Riser，通讯和网络升级卡）CNT（carbon nano-tube，碳微管）COAST（Cache-on-a-stick，条状缓存）COB（Cache on board，板上集成缓存）co-CPU（cooperative CPU，协处理器）COD（Cache on Die，芯片内核集成缓存）COM（Component Object Model，组件对象模式）COMDEX（Computer Distribution Exposition，计算机代理分销业展览会）compressed textures（压缩纹理）Concurrent Command Engine，协作命令引擎COO（Chief Organizer Officer，首席管理官）Copper（铜）CP（command processor，指令处理器）CPA（Close Page Auto recharge，接近页自动预充电）CPE（Customer Premise Equipment，用户预定设备）CPGA（Ceramic Pin Grid Array，陶瓷针型栅格阵列）CPI（count per inch，每英寸计数）CPI（cycles per 包含uction，周期/指令）CPLD（Complex Programmable Logic Device，复杂可程序化逻辑组件）CPRM（Content Protection for record able media，记录媒体内容保护）CPS（Certification Practice Statement，使用证明书）CPU（Center Processing Unit，中央处理器）CRC（Cyclical Redundancy Check，循环冗余检查）CRM（Customer Relationship Management，顾客关系管理）CRT（Cathode Ray Tube，阴极射线管）CRT（Cooperative Redundant Threads，协同多余线程）CS（Channel Separation，声道分离）CSA（Canadian Standards Association，加拿大标准协会）CSA（Communication Streaming Architecture，通讯流架构）CSC（Colorspace Conversion，色彩空间转换）CSD（Circuit Switched Data，电路切换数据通话）CSE（Configuration Space Enable，可分配空间）CSG（constructive solid geometry，建设立体几何）CSP（Chip Scale Package，芯片比例封装）CSP（Chip Size Package，芯片尺寸封装）CSS（Cascading Style Sheets，层叠格式表）CSS（Common Command Set，通用指令集）CSS（Content Scrambling System，内容不规则加密）CTI（Computer Telephone Integration，计算机电话综合技术）CTO（Chief Technology Officer，首席技术官）CTR（CAS to RAS，列地址到行地址延迟时间）CTS（Carpal Tunnel Syndrome，计算机腕管综合症）CTS（Clear to Send，清除发送）CVS（Compute Visual Syndrome，计算机视觉综合症）CXT（Chooper eXTend，增强形K6-2内核）DA（Digital to Analog，数字到模拟转换）DAB（digital audio broadcast，数字音频广播）DAC（Digital to Analog Converter，数模传换器）DAC（Dual Address Cycle，双重地址周期）DAE（digital Audio Extraction，数据音频抓取）DAN（Dance，跳舞类游戏）DAO（Disc At Once，整盘刻录）DAO-RAW（Disc At Once Read after Write，整盘刻录-写后读）DASP（Dynamic Adaptive Speculative Pre-Processor，动态适应预测预处理器）Data Forwarding（数据前送）dB（decibel，分贝）DB（Deep Buffer，深度缓冲）DB（Device Bay，设备插架）DBBS（Dynamic Bass Boost System，动态低音增强系统）DBI（dynamic bus inversion，动态总线倒置）DBS（Direct Broadcast Satellite，直接卫星广播）DBS-PC（Direct Broadcast Satellite PC，人造卫星直接广播式PC）DC（Digital Camera，数码相机）DC（Dreamcast，世嘉64位游戏机）DCA（Defense Communication Agency，国防部通信局）DCC（Digital Compact Cassette，数字盒式磁带）DCC（Digital Content Creation，数字内容创造）DCD（Directional Corelational De-interlacing，方向关联解交错）DCD（Document Content De脚本ion for XML，XML文件内容描述）DCE（Data Circuit Terminal Equipment，数据通信设备）DCLK（Dot Clock，点时钟）DCOM（Distributing Component Object Model，构造物体模块）DCT（Display Compression Technology，显示压缩技术）DCT（DRAM Controller，DRAM控制器）DD（Double Side，双面内存）DDBGA（Die Dimension Ball Grid Array，内核密度球状矩阵排列）DDC（Display Data Channel，显示数据通道）DDC（Dynamic Depth Cueing，动态深度暗示）图像DDE（dynamic data exchange，动态数据交换）DDMA（Distributed DMA，分布式DMA）DDP（Digital Display Port，数字输出端口）DDR SDRAM（Double Date Rate，上下行双数据率SDRAM）DDR（Double Date Rate，上下行双数据率）DDS（Direct Draw Surface，直接绘画表面）DDSS II（Double Dynamic Suspension System II，第二代双层动力悬吊系统）DDSS（Dolby Digital Surround Sound，杜比数字环绕声）DDSS（Double Dynamic Suspension System，双悬浮动态减震系统）DDT（Dynamic Deferred Transaction，动态延期处理）DDWG（Digital Display Working Group，数字化显示工作组）DEC（Direct Etching Coatings，表面蚀刻涂层）Decal（印花法）Decode（指令解码）Deflection Coil（偏转线圈）DES（ata Encryption Standard，数据加密标准）DFL（Dynamic Focus Lens，动态聚焦）DFP（Digital Flat Panel，数字平面显示标准）DFPG（Digital Flat Panel Group，数字平面显示标准工作组）DFS（Digital Flex Scan，数字伸缩扫描）DFS（Dynamic Flat Shading，动态平面描影）DHCP（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol，动态主机分配协议）DHHF（Dual Head - High Fidelity，高精度第四代双头）DHT（Dolby Headphone Technology，杜比耳机技术）DIB（Dual Independent Bus，双重独立总线）DIC（Digital Image Control，数字图像控制）DID（Device ID，设备ID）Digital Multiscan II（数字式智能多频追踪）DIL（dual-in-line）DIMM（Dual In-line Memory Modules，双重内嵌式内存模块）Directional Light（方向性光源）DiscWizard（磁盘控制软件）DIT（Disk Inspection Test，磁盘检查测试）Dithering（抖动）DIVA（Data IntensiVe Architecture，数据加强架构）DIY（Do it Yourself，自己装机）DLL（Delay-Locked Loop，延时锁定循环电路）dll（dynamic link library，动态链接库）DLP（digital Light Processing，数字光处理）DLS（Downloadable Sounds Level，可下载音色）DLS-2（Downloadable Sounds Level 2，第二代可下载音色）DM（Displacement mapping，位移贴图）DMA（Direct Memory Access，直接内存存取）DMAC（Direct Memory Access Controller，直接内存存取控制器）DME（Direct Memory Execute，直接内存执行）DMF（Distribution Media Format）DMI（Desktop Management Interface，桌面管理接口）DMT（Discreet Monitor Timing，智能型显示器调速）DMT（Discrete Multi - Tone，不连续多基频模式）DMT（Dynamic Multithreading Architecture，动态多线程结构）DNA（Distributed Internet Application，分布式因特网应用程序）DNS（Domain Name System，域名解析系统）DOA2 HC（Deal or Live 2 hardcore，生与死2完整版）DOC（Disk On Chip，芯片磁盘）DOCSIS（Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications，线缆服务接口数据规格）DOF（Depth of Field，多重境深）DOJ（Department of Justice，反不正当竞争部门）DOM（Document Object Model，文档目标模型）DoS（Denial of Service，拒绝服务）DOS（Disk Operating System，磁盘操作系统）DOSD（Digital On Screen Display，同屏数字化显示）Dot Pitch（点距）dot texture blending（点型纹理混和）DOT（Dynamic Overcooking Technology，动态超频技术）DOT3（Dot product 3 bump mapping，点乘积凹凸映射）Double Buffering（双缓冲区）DP（Dual Processor，双处理器）DPBM（Dot Product Bump Mapping，点乘积凹凸映射）DPC（Desktop PC，桌面PC）dpi（dot per inch，每英寸的打印像素）DPMS（Display Power Management Signaling，显示能源管理信号）DPP（Direct print Protocol，直接打印协议DQL（Dynamic Quadra pole Lens，动态四极镜）DQS（Bidirectional data strobe，双向数据滤波）DQUICK（DVD Qualification and Integration Kit，DVD资格和综合工具包）DRA（deferred rendering architecture，延迟渲染架构）DRAM（Dynamic Random Access Memory，动态随机存储器）DRCG（Direct Rambus Clock Generator，直接Rambus时钟发生器）DRDRAM（Direct RAMBUS DRAM，直接内存总线DRAM）DRF（Digital radio frequency，数字无线电频率）DRI（Direct Rendering Infrastructure，基层直接渲染）DRM（Digital rights management，数字版权保护）DRM（Digital Rights Management，数字适当管理）DRSL（Differential Rambus Signaling Level，微分RAMBUS信号级）DRSL（Direct Rambus Signaling Level，直接RAMBUS信号级）DS3D（DirectSound 3D Streams）DSD（Direct Stream Digital，直接数字信号流）DSL（Data Strobe Link，数据选通连接DSL（Down Loadable Sample，可下载的取样音色）DSM（Dedicated Stack Manager，专门堆栈管理）DSM（Distributed shared memory，分布式共享内存）DSMT（Dynamic Simultaneous Multithreading，动态同步多线程）DSO（Dynamic Sound-stage Organizer，动态声音层组建）DSP（Delivery Service Partner，交付服务合伙人）DSP（Digital Signal Processing，数字信号处理）DSP（Digital Sound Field Processing，数字音场处理）DSP（Dual Streams Processor，双重流处理器）DST（Depleted Substrate Transistor，衰竭型底层晶体管）DST（Drive Self Test，磁盘自检程序）DSTN（Double layers Super Twisted Nematic，双层超扭曲向列，无源矩阵LCD）DSVD（Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data）DTD（Document Type Definition，文件类型定义）DTE（Data Terminal Equipment，数据终端设备）DTL（Developer Tool，发展工具包）DTR（Disk Transfer Rate，磁盘传输率）DTS（Digital Theater System，数字剧院系统）DTT（DeskTop Theater，桌面剧院）DTV（Digital TV，数字电视）DTV（Dual Threshold Voltage，双重极限电压）DTXS（Decryption Transform for XML Signature，XML签名解密转换）DUN（Dial-Up Networking，拨号网络）DUV（Deep Ultra-Violet，纵深紫外光）DV（Digital Vidicon，数码摄录机）DVB（Digital Video Broadcasting，数字视频广播DVC（Digital Vibrance Control，数字振动控制）DVD（Digital Video/Versatile Disk，数字视频/万能光盘）DVD-R（DVD Recordable，可记录DVD盘）DVD-RAM（Digital Video/Versatile Disk - Random Access Memory，随机存储数字视频/万能光盘）DVD-RW（DVD Rewritable，可重复刻录DVD盘）DVFM（Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Management，动态电压和频率管理）DVI（Digital Video Interface，数字视频接口）DVI（Digital Visual Interface，数字化视像接口）DVMT（Dynamic Video Memory Technology，动态视频内存技术）DVMT（Dynamic Video Memory Technology，动态视频内存技术）DWDM（Dense WaveLength Division Multiplex，波长密集型复用技术）DxR（DynamicXTended Resolution，动态可扩展分辨率）DXTC（Direct X Texture Compress，DirectX纹理压缩）Dynamic Z-buffering（动态Z轴缓冲区）E（Economy，经济，或Entry-level，入门级）E3（Electronic Entertainment Expo，电子娱乐展览会）EAP（Extensible Authentication Protocol，扩展证明协议）EAX（Environmental Audio Extensions，环境音效扩展技术）EB（Expansion Bus，扩展总线）EBGA（Enhanced Ball Grid Array，增强形球状网阵排列）EBL（electron beam lithography，电子束平版印刷）EBR（Excess Burst Rate，超额突发速率）EC（Early Childhood，学龄前儿童）EC（Embedded Controller，嵌入式控制器）ECC（Elliptic Curve Crypto，椭圆曲线加密）ECC（Error Checking and Correction，错误检查修正）ECD（Electro Chromic Display，电铬显示器）ECP（Extended Capabilities Port，延长能力端口）ED（Execution driven，执行驱动）EDA（Electronic Design Automatic，电子设计自动化）E-DDC（Enhanced Display Data Channel，增强形视频数据通道协议）EDEC（Early Decode，早期解码）Edge Anti-aliasing（边缘抗锯齿失真）EDO（Enhanced Data-Out RAM，数据增强输出内存）EE（Emotion Engine，情感引擎）E-EDID（Enhanced Extended Identification Data，增强形扩充身份辨识数据）EEPROM（Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM，电擦写可编程只读存储器）eFB（embedded Frame Buffer，嵌入式帧缓冲）EFEAL（Extended Field Elliptical Aperture Lens，可扩展扫描椭圆孔镜头）EFF（Electronic Frontier Foundation（电子前线基金会）EFI（Extensible Firmware Interface，扩展固件接口）EFM（Eight to Fourteen Modulation，8位信号转换为14位信号）EFU（Elemntary Functional Unit，增强功能单元）EHCI（Enhanced Host Controller Interface，加强型主机端控制接口）EHSDRAM（Enhanced High Speed DRAM，增强型超高速内存）EIDE（enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics，增强形电子集成驱动器）EISA（Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture，增强形工业标准架构）EL DDR（Enhanced Latency DDR，增强反应周期DDR内存）Embedded Chips（嵌入式）EMBM（environment mapped bump mapping，环境凹凸映射）Embosing（浮雕）EMC（Electron Magnetic Compatibility，电磁兼容）EMF（Electron Magnetic Field，电磁场）EMI（Electromagnetic Interference，电磁干扰）EMP（Emergency Management Port，紧急事件管理端口）EMS（Enhanced Memory System，增强内存系统）EMS（Enhanced Message Service，扩展型信息服务）EMS（Expanded Memory Specification，扩充内存规格）EOL（End of Life，最终完成产品）EOS（eBookMan Operating System，电子书操作系统）EPA（edge pin array，边缘针脚阵列）EPA（Environmental Protection Agency，美国环境保护局）EPF（Embedded Processor Forum，嵌入式处理器论坛）EPIC（explicitly parallel 包含uction code，并行指令代码）EPL（electron projection lithography，电子发射平版印刷）EPM（Enhanced Power Management，增强形能源管理）EPM（enterprise project manage）EPOC（Electronic Piece of Cheese，小型电子块）EPOC（Elevated Package Over CSP，CSP架空封装）EPP（Enhanced Parallel Port，增强形平行接口）EPROM（erasable，programmable ROM，可擦写可编程ROM）EPV（Extended Voltage Protection，扩展电压保护）ERD（Emergency Repair Disk，应急修理磁盘）ERP（Enterprise Requirement Planning，企业需求计划）ERP（Enterprise Resource Planning，企业资源计划）ERP（estimated retail price，估计零售价）ES（Energy Star，能源之星）ES（Engineering Sample，工程样品）eSATA（External Serial ATA，扩展型串行ATA）ESCD（Extended System Configuration Data，可扩展系统配置数据）ESD（electro-static discharge，静电释放）ESDJ（Easy Setting Dual Jumper，简化CPU双重跳线法）ESDRAM（Enhanced SDRAM，增强型SDRAM）ESER（EAC Secure Extract Ripping，EAC安全抓取复制）ESP（Electronic-Shock Protection，电子抗震系统）ESP（Embedded System Platform，嵌入式系统平台）ESP（Encapsulating Security Payload，压缩安全有效载荷）ESR（Equivalent Series Resistance，等价系列电阻）ESRAM（Enhanced SRAM，增强型SRAM）ETC（etc，其它类游戏，包括模拟飞行）eTM（embedded Texture Buffer，嵌入式纹理缓冲）ETRI（Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute，电子和电信研究协会）EULA（End-User License Agreement，最终用户释放协议）EUV（Extreme Ultra Violet，紫外光）EUV（extreme ultraviolet lithography，极端紫外平版印刷）EVF（Electronic Viewfinder，电子取景窗）E-WDM（Enhanced Windows Driver Model，增强型视窗驱动程序模块）Execute Buffers（执行缓冲区）Extended Burst Transactions（增强式突发处理）Extended Stereo（扩展式立体声）Factor Alpha Blending（因子阿尔法混合）FADD（Floationg Point Addition，浮点加）FAQ（Frequently Asked Questions，常见问题回答）Fast Z-clear（快速Z缓冲清除）FAT（File Al本地 Tables，文件分配表）FB（fragment buffer，片段缓冲）FBC（Frame Buffer Cache，帧缓冲缓存）FBGA（Fine-Pitch Ball Grid Array，精细倾斜球状网阵排列）FBGA（flipchip BGA，轻型芯片BGA）F-Buffer（Fragment Stream FIFO Buffer，片段流先入先出缓冲区）FC（Famicom，任天堂8位游戏机）FC（Fibre Channel，光纤通道）FC-BGA（Flip-Chip Ball Grid Array，反转芯片球形栅格阵列）FCC（Federal Communications Commission，联邦通信委员会）FC-PGA（Flip-Chip Pin Grid Array，反转芯片针脚栅格阵列）FCRAM（Fast Cycle RAM，快周期随机存储器）FDB（Fluid Dynamic Bearing，非固定动态轴承）FDB（fluid-dynamic bearings，动态轴承）FDBM（Fluid dynamic bearing motors，液态轴承马达）FDC（Floppy Disk Controller，软盘驱动器控制装置）FDD（Floppy Disk Driver，软盘驱动器）FDIV（Floationg Point Divide，浮点除）FDM（Frequency Division Multi，频率分离）FED（Field Emission Displays，电场显示器）FEMMA（Foldable Electronic Memory Module Assembly，折叠电子内存模块装配）FEMMS（Fast Entry/Exit Multimedia State，快速进入/退出多媒体状态FFB（Force Feed Back，力反馈）FFJ（Force Feedback Joystick，力量反馈式操纵杆）FFT（fast Fourier transform，快速热欧姆转换）FGM（Fine-Grained Multithreading，高级多线程）FID（FID（Frequency identify，频率鉴别号码）FIFO（First Input First Output，先入先出队列）FIR（finite impulse response，有限推进响应）FireWire（火线，即IEEE1394标准）FISC（Fast Instruction Set Computer，快速指令集计算机）FL（fragment list，片段列表）FL（Function Lookup，功能查找）Flat（平面描影）FlexATX（Flexibility ATX，可扩展性ATX）flip double buffered（反转双缓存）flip-chip（芯片反转）FLIR（Forward Looking Infra-Red，前视红外）FLOPs（Floating Point Operations Per Second，浮点操作/秒）Flow-control（流控制）FLS（Front Light Screen，前发光屏幕）Flyback Transformer（回转变压器）FM（Flash Memory，快闪存储器）FM（Frequency Modulation，频率调制）FMA（full-motion animated backdrops）FMAC（Floating-Point Multiply-Accumulators，浮点累积乘单元）FMC（Frictionless Memory Control，无阻内存控制）FMD ROM（Fluorescent Material Read Only Memory，荧光质只读存储器）FMT（fine-grained multithreading，纯消除多线程）FMUL（Floationg Point Multiplication，浮点乘）Fog table quality（雾化表画质）Fog（雾化效果）FPD（flat panel display，平面显示器）FPM（Fast Page Mode，快页模式内存）FPRs（floating-point registers，浮点寄存器）FPS（First Person Shooters，第一人称射击游戏）FPS（FourPointSurround，创新的四点环绕扬声器系统）fps（frames per second，帧/秒）FPU（Float Point Unit，浮点运算单元）FR（Frames Rate，游戏运行帧数）FR（Frequence Response，频率响应）Frames rate is King（帧数为王）FRC（Frame Rate Control（帧比率控制）FRC（Frame Rate Control，帧率控制）FRICC（Federal Research Internet Coordinating Committee，联邦调查因特网协调委员会）FRJS（Fully Random Jittered Super-Sampling，完全随机移动式超级采样）Front Buffer（前置缓冲）FSAA（Full Scene/Screen Anti-aliasing，全景/屏幕抗锯齿）FSB（Front Side Bus，前端总线）FSE（Frequency Shifter Effect，频率转换效果）FSR（force sensor resistance，动力感应电阻）FSTN（Film compensated Super Twisted liquid crystal，带补偿膜超扭曲相列）FSUB（Floationg Point Subtraction，浮点减）FTC（Federal Trade Commission，联邦商业委员会）FTG（Fighting Game，格斗类游戏）FTP（File Transfer Protocol，文件传输协议）Fur（软毛效果）FW（Fast Write，快写，AGP总线的特殊功能）FWH（Firmware Hub，固件中心）GART（Graphic Address Remappng Table，图形地址重绘表）GB（Game Boy，任天堂4位手提游戏机）GB（Garibaldi架构，Garibaldi基于ATX架构，但是也能够使用WTX构架的机箱）GBA（Game Boy Advanced，任天堂增强型手提游戏机）GBC（Game Boy Color，任天堂手提16色游戏机）GBL（GameBoy Light，GB夜光型）GBP（GameBoy Pocket，GB口袋型）GDC（Game Developer Conference，游戏发展商会议）GDI（Graphics Device Interface，图形设备接口）GFD（Gold finger Device，金手指超频设备）GG（Game Gear，世嘉彩色手提游戏机）GHC（Global History Counter，通用历史计数器）Ghost（（General Hardware Oriented System Transfer，全面硬件导向系统转移）GI（Global Illumination，球形光照）GIC（Gold Immersion Coating，化金涂布技术）GIF（Graphics Interchange Format，图像交换格式）GIF（Graphics Interface unit，图形接口单元）GLV（grating-light-valve，光栅亮度阀）GM（General Midi，普通MIDI）GM（Glass Mould，玻璃铸制）GMCH（Graphics & Memory Controller Hub，图形和内存控制中心）GMR（giant magnetoresistive，巨型磁阻）Gouraud Shading，高洛德描影，也称为内插法均匀涂色GPA（Graphics Performance Accelerator，图形性能加速卡）GPF（General protect fault，一般保护性错误）GPIs（General Purpose Inputs，普通操作输入）GPL（GNU Public License，GNU公众授权）GPRS（General Packet Raice，整合封包无线服务）GPRs（General Purpose Registers，通用寄存器）GPS（Global Positioning System，全球定位系统）GPT（Graphics Performance Toolkit，图形性能工具包）GPU（Graphics Processing Unit，图形处理器）GS（Graphic Synthesizer，图形合成器）GS（Graphics Synthesizer，图形合成器）GSM（Galvanization Superconductive Material，电镀锌超导材料）GTF（General Timing Formula，普通调速方程式）GTL（Gunning Transceiver Logic，发射接收逻辑电路）GTS（Giga Textel Sharder，十亿像素填充率）Guard Band Support（支持保护带）GUI（Graphics User Interface，图形用户界面）GVPP（Generic Visual Perception Processor，常规视觉处理器）GWS（graphics workstations，图形工作站）HAL（Hardware Abstraction Layer，硬件抽像化层）HCF（Host Controller，主体控制处理）HCI（Host Controller Interface，主机控制接口HCL（Hardware Compatibility List，硬件兼容性列表）HCRP（Hardcopy Cable Replacement Profile，硬复制电缆复位协议子集）HCT（Hardware Compatibility Test，硬件兼容性测试HDA（Head Disk Assembly，头盘组件）HDA（high-efficiency Audax High Definition Aerogel，高效高清楚气动）HDIT（High Bandwidth Differential Interconnect Technology，高带宽微分互连技术）HDMI（High Definition Multimedia Interface，高精度多媒体接口）HDR（High Dynamic Range，高级动态范围）HDRL（high dynamic-range lighting，高动态范围光线）HDSL（High bit rate DSL，高比特率数字订阅线路）HDSS（Holographic Data Storage System，全息数据存储系统）HDTV（high definition television，高清晰度电视）HDVP（High-Definition Video Processor，高精度视频处理器）HE（Home Edition，家庭版）HEL（Hardware Emulation Layer（硬件模拟层）HID（Human Interface Device，人机对话接口设备）Hierarchical Z（Z分级）HiFD（high-capacity floppy disk，高容量软盘）Hi-fi（high fidelity，高精度设备）high triangle count（复杂三角形计数）HLL（high level language，高级语言）HLLCA（High-Level Language Computing Architecture，高级语言计算架构）HL-PBGA（表面黏著，高耐热、轻薄型塑胶球状网阵封装HLSL（High Level Shading Language，高级描影语言）HMC（hardware motion compensation，硬件运动补偿）HMC（holographic media card，全息媒体卡）HMD（holographic media disk，全息媒体磁盘）Home PNA（Home Private Network Adapter，家庭私人网络适配器）HOS（Higher-Order Surfaces，高次序表面）HPC（Hand held PC，手持电脑设备）HPDR（High-Precision Dynamic-Range，高精度动态范围）HPF（High-Pass Filter，高通滤波器）HPNA（home phoneline networking，家庭电话线网络）HPS（High Performance Server，高性能服务器）HPTC（high performance technical computing，高性能技术运算）HPW（High Performance Workstation，高性能工作站）HRAA（High Resolution Anti-aliasing，高分辨率抗锯齿）HRTF（Head Related Transfer Function，头部关联传输功能）HSCSD（High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data，高速巡回开关数据）HSDRAM（High Speed DRAM，超高速内存）HSF（Host Signal，主体信号处理）HSI（High Speed Interconnect，高速内连）HSLB（High Speed Link Bus，高速链路总线）HSP（Host Signal Processing，主体信号处理）HSR（Hidden Surface Removal，隐藏表面移除）HT（Hyper Transport，超级传输）HTA（Hypertext Application，超文本应用程序）。
半导体专业名词解释
Cd cadmium
AWS advanced wet station
Manufacturing and Science
Sb antimony
===B===
B billion; boron
Ba barium
BARC bottom antireflective coating
BASE Boston Area Semiconductor Education (Council)
ACF anisotropic conductive film
ACI after-clean inspection
ACP anisotropic conductive paste
ACT alternative control techniques; actual cycle time
Al aluminum
ALD atomic layer deposition
ALE atomic layer epitaxy; application logic element
ALS advanced light source; advanced low-power Schottky
===A===
A/D analog to digital
AA atomic absorption
AAS atomic absorption spectroscopy
ABC activity-based costing
ABM activity-based management
AC alternating current; activated carbon
电子信息类专业词汇
whatsoever=whatever0switchboard(电话)交换台bipolar（电子）双极的premise（复）房屋，前提cursor(计算机尺的)游标，指导的elapse（时间）经过，消失vaporize（使）蒸发subsystem（系统的）分部，子系统，辅助系统metallic（像）金属的，含金属的，（声音）刺耳的dispatch（迅速）派遣，急件consensus（意见）一致，同意deadline（最后）期限，截止时间tomographic X线体层摄像的alas唉，哎呀cluster把…集成一束，一组，一簇，一串，一群encyclopedia百科全书millionfold百万倍的semiconductor半导体radius半径范围，半径，径向射线half-duplex transmission半双工传输accompaniment伴随物，附属物reservation保留，预定quotation报价单，行情报告，引语memorandum备忘录redundancy备用be viewed as被看作…be regards as被认为是as such本身；照此；以这种资格textual本文的，正文的verge边界variation变化，变量conversion 变化，转化identity标识；标志criterion标准，准则in parallel on并联到，合并到juxtapose并置，并列dialing pulse拨号脉冲wave-guide波导wavelength division multiplexed波分复用baud rate波特率playback播放（录音带，唱片）no greater than不大于update不断改进，使…适合新的要求，更新asymmetric不对称的irrespective不考虑的，不顾的inevitably不可避免的inevitable不可避免的，不可逃避的，必定的segment部分abrasion擦伤，磨损deploy采用，利用，推广应用take the form of采用…的形式parameter参数，参量layer层dope掺杂FET(field effect transistors)场效应管audio recording唱片ultra-high-frequency(UHF)超高频in excess of超过in excess of超过hypertext超文本ingredient成分，因素ingredient成分，组成部分，要素metropolitan-area network(WAN)城域网metropolitan area network(WAN)城域网，城市网络congestion充满，拥挤，阻塞collision冲突extractive抽出；释放出extract抽取，取出，分离lease出租，租约，租界期限，租界物pass on传递，切换transmission传输facsimile传真innovative=innovatory创新的，富有革新精神的track磁道impetus促进，激励cluster簇stored-program control(SPC)存储程序控制a large number of 大量的peal大声响，发出supersede代替supplant代替，取代out-of-band signaling带外信号simplex transmission单工传输monochromatic单色的，单色光的，黑白的ballistic弹道的，射击的，冲击的conductor导体hierarchy等级制度，层次infrastructure底层结构，基础结构geographic地理的，地区的geographically地理上GIS(ground instrumentation system)地面测量系统ground station地面站earth orbit地球轨道extraterrestrial 地球外的，地球大气圈外的Land-sat地球资源卫星rug地毯，毯子ignite点火，点燃，使兴奋electromagnetic电磁的inductive电感arc电弧telephony电话（学），通话dielectric电介质，绝缘材料；电解质的，绝缘的capacitor电容telecommunication电信，无线电通讯scenario电影剧本，方案modem pool调制解调器（存储）池superimposing叠加，重叠pin钉住，扣住，抓住customize定做，定制monolithic独立的，完全统一的aluminize镀铝strategic对全局有重要意义的，战略的substantial多的，大的，实际上的multi-path fading多径衰落multi-path多路，多途径；多路的，多途径的multi-access多路存取，多路进入multiplex多路复用multiplex多路复用的degradation恶化，降级dioxide二氧化碳LED(light-emitting-diode)发光二极管evolution发展，展开，渐进feedback反馈，回授dimension范围，方向，维，元scenario方案scenario方案，电影剧本amplifer放大器noninvasive非侵略的，非侵害的tariff费率，关税率；对…征税distributed functional plane(DFP)分布功能平面DQDB(distributed queue dual bus)分布式队列双总线hierarchy分层，层次partition分成segmentation分割interface分界面，接口asunder分开地，分离地detached分离的，分开的，孤立的dispense分配allocate分配，配给；配给物centigrade分为百度的，百分度的，摄氏温度的fractal分形molecule分子，微小，些微cellular蜂窝状的cellular蜂窝状的，格形的，多孔的auxiliary storage(also called secondary storage)辅助存储器decay腐烂，衰减，衰退negative负电vicinity附近，邻近vicinity附近地区，近处sophisticated复杂的，高级的，现代化的high-frequency(HF)高频high definition television高清晰度电视chromium铬annotate给…作注解in terms of根据，按照disclosure公布，企业决算公开public network公用网functionality功能，功能度mercury汞resonator共鸣器resonance共振whimsical古怪的，反复无常的administration管理，经营cursor光标（显示器），游标，指针optical computer光计算机photoconductor光敏电阻optical disks光盘optically光学地，光地wide-area networks广域网specification规范，说明书silicon硅the international telecommunication union(ITU)国际电信联盟excess过剩obsolete过时的，废弃的maritime海事的synthetic合成的，人造的，综合的synthetic合成的，综合性的rational合乎理性的rationalization合理化streamline合理化，理顺infrared红外线的，红外线skepticism怀疑论ring network环形网hybrid混合物counterpart伙伴，副本，对应物electromechanical机电的，电动机械的Robot机器人Robotics机器人技术，机器人学accumulation积累infrastructure基础，基础结构substrate基质，底质upheaval激变，剧变compact disc激光磁盘（CD）concentrator集中器，集线器centrex system集中式用户交换功能系统converge on集中于，聚集在…上lumped element集总元件CAI(computer-aided instruction)计算机辅助教学computer-integrated manufacturing(CIM)计算机集成制造computer mediated communication(CMC)计算机中介通信record记录register记录器，寄存器expedite加快，促进weight加权accelerate加速，加快，促进categorize加以类别，分类in addition加之，又，另外hypothetical假设的rigidly坚硬的，僵硬的compatibility兼容性，相容性surveillance监视surveillance监视retrieval检索，（可）补救verification检验simplicity简单，简明film胶片，薄膜take over接管，接任ruggedness结实threshold界限，临界值with the aid of借助于，用，通过wire line金属线路，有线线路coherent紧凑的，表达清楚的，粘附的，相干的compact紧密的approximation近似undertake进行，从事transistor晶体管elaborate精心制作的，细心完成的，周密安排的vigilant警戒的，警惕的alcohol酒精，酒local area networks(LANs)局域网local-area networks(LANs)局域网drama剧本，戏剧，戏剧的演出focus on聚集在，集中于，注视insulator绝缘root mean square均方根uniform均匀的open-system-interconnection(OSI)开放系统互连expire开始无效，满期，终止immunity抗扰，免除，免疫性take…into account考虑，重视…programmable industrial automation可编程工业自动化demountable可拆卸的tunable可调的reliable可靠be likely to 可能，大约，像要videotex video可视图文电视negligible可以忽略的aerial空气的，空中的，无形的，虚幻的；天线broadband宽（频）带pervasive扩大的，渗透的tensile拉力的，张力的romanticism浪漫精神，浪漫主义discrete离散，不连续ion离子force力量；力stereophonic立体声的continuum连续统一体，连续统，闭联集smart灵巧的；精明的；洒脱的token令牌on the other hand另一方面hexagonal六边形的，六角形的hexagon六角形，六边形monopoly垄断，专利video-clip录像剪辑aluminum铝pebble卵石，水晶透镜forum论坛，讨论会logical relationships逻辑关系code book码本pulse code modulation(PCM)脉冲编码调制roam漫步，漫游bps(bits per second)每秒钟传输的比特ZIP codes美国邮区划分的五位编码susceptible(to)敏感的，易受…的analog模拟，模拟量pattern recognition模式识别bibliographic目录的，文献的neodymium钕the european telecommunication standardization institute(ETSI)欧洲电信标准局coordinate配合的，协调的；使配合，调整ratify批准，认可bias偏差；偏置deviate偏离，与…不同spectrum频谱come into play其作用entrepreneurial企业的heuristic methods启发式方法play a …role(part)起…作用stem from起源于；由…发生organic器官的，有机的，组织的hypothesis前提front-end前置，前级potential潜势的，潜力的intensity强度coincidence巧合，吻合，一致scalpel轻便小刀，解剖刀inventory清单，报表spherical球的，球形的distinguish区别，辨别succumb屈服，屈从，死global functional plane(GFP)全局功能平面full-duplex transmission全双工传输hologram全息照相，全息图deficiency缺乏thermonuclear热核的artifact人工制品AI(artificial intelligence)人工智能fusion熔解，熔化diskettes(also called floppy disk)软盘sector扇区entropy熵uplink上行链路arsenic砷neural network神经网络very-high-frequency(VHF)甚高频upgrade升级distortion失真，畸变identification识别，鉴定，验明pragmatic实际的implementation实施，实现，执行，敷设entity实体，存在vector quantification矢量量化mislead使…误解，给…错误印象，引错vex使烦恼，使恼火defy 使落空facilitate使容易，促进retina视网膜compatible适合的，兼容的transceiver收发两用机authorize授权，委托，允许data security数据安全性data independence数据独立data management数据管理database数据库database management system(DBMS)数据库管理信息系统database transaction数据库事务data integrity数据完整性，数据一致性attenuation衰减fading衰落，衰减，消失dual双的，二重的transient瞬时的deterministic宿命的，确定的algorithm算法dissipation损耗carbon碳diabetes糖尿病cumbersome讨厌的，麻烦的，笨重的razor剃刀，剃go by the name of通称，普通叫做commucation session通信会话traffic通信业务（量）synchronous transmission同步传输concurrent同时发生的，共存的simultaneous同时发生的，同时做的simultaneous同时发生的，一齐的coaxial同轴的copper铜statistical统计的，统计学的dominate统治，支配invest in投资perspective透视，角度，远景graphics图示，图解pictorial图像的coating涂层，层deduce推理reasoning strategies推理策略inference engine推理机topology拓扑结构heterodyne外差法的peripheral外界的，外部的，周围的gateway网关hazardous危险的microwave微波（的）microprocessor微处理机，微处理器microelectronic微电子nuance微小的差别（色彩等）encompass围绕，包围，造成，设法做到maintenance维护；保持；维修satellite communication卫星通信satellite network卫星网络transceiver无线电收发信机radio-relay transmission无线电中继传输without any doubt无疑passive satellite无源卫星sparse稀少的，稀疏的downlink下行链路precursor先驱，前任visualization显像feasibility现实性，可行性linearity线性度constrain限制，约束，制约considerable相当的，重要的geo-stationary相对地面静止by contrast相反，而，对比起来coorelation相关性mutual相互的mutually相互的，共同的interconnect相互连接，互连one after the other相继，依次minicomputer小型计算机protocol协议，草案protocol协议，规约，规程psycho-acoustic心理（精神）听觉的；传音的channelization信道化，通信信道选择run length encoding行程编码groom修饰，准备virtual ISDN虚拟ISDNmultitude许多，大批，大量whirl旋转preference选择，喜欢avalanche雪崩pursue寻求，从事interrogation询问dumb哑的，不说话的，无声的subcategory亚类，子种类，子范畴orbital眼眶；轨道oxygen氧气，氧元素service switching and control points(SSCPs)业务交换控制点service control points(SCPs)业务控制点service control function(SCF)业务控制功能in concert一致，一齐handover移交，越区切换at a rate of以……的速率in the form of以…的形式base on…以…为基础yttrium钇（稀有金属，符号Y）asynchronous transmission异步传输asynchronous异步的exceptional异常的，特殊的voice-grade音频级indium铟give rise to 引起，使产生cryptic隐义的，秘密的hard disk硬盘hard automation硬自动化by means of用，依靠equip with用…装备subscriber用户telex用户电报PBX(private branch exchange)用户小交换机或专用交换机be called upon to 用来…，（被）要求…superiority优势predominance优势，显著active satellite有源卫星in comparison with与…比较comparable to与…可比preliminary预备的，初步的premonition预感，预兆nucleus原子核valence原子价circumference圆周，周围teleprocessing远程信息处理，遥控处理perspective远景，前途constrain约束，强迫mobile运动的，流动的，机动的，装在车上的convey运输，传递，转换impurity杂质impurity杂质，混杂物，不洁，不纯regenerative再生的improve over在……基础上改善play important role in在…中起重要作用in close proximity在附近，在很近underlying在下的，基础的in this respect在这方面entail遭遇，导致presentation赠与，图像，呈现，演示narrowband窄（频）带deploy展开，使用，推广应用megabit兆比特germanium锗positive正电quadrature正交orthogonal正交的quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)正交幅度调制on the right track正在轨道上sustain支撑，撑住，维持，持续outgrowh支派；长出；副产品dominate支配，统治knowledge representation知识表示knowledge engineering知识工程knowledge base知识库in diameter直径helicopter直升飞机acronym只取首字母的缩写词as long as只要，如果tutorial指导教师的，指导的coin制造（新字符），杜撰fabrication制造，装配；捏造事实proton质子intelligence智能，智力，信息intelligent network智能网intermediate中间的nucleus(pl.nuclei)中心，核心neutrons中子terminal终端，终端设备overlay重叠，覆盖，涂覆highlight重要的部分，焦点charge主管，看管；承载dominant主要的，控制的，最有力的cylinder柱面expert system专家系统private network专用网络transition转变，转换，跃迁relay转播relay转播，中继repeater转发器，中继器pursue追赶，追踪，追求，继续desktop publish桌面出版ultraviolet紫外线的，紫外的；紫外线辐射field字段vendor自动售货机，厂商naturally自然的；天生具备的synthesize综合，合成integrate综合，使完全ISDN(intergrated services digital network)综合业务数字网as a whole总体上bus network总线形网crossbar纵横，交叉impedance阻抗initial最初的，开始的optimum最佳条件appear as作为…出现。
【精品】电子信息工程专业英语课后答案
电子信息工程专业英语课后答案电子信息工程专业英语-教师用书Part 1第一课关于电子技术一、课文习题参考答案Ⅰ. （1） alternating current circuits （2） semiconductor diodes（3） passive component（4） the combinatory logic electric circuit（5） rectification（6） Laplace transform（7） inductor（8） Fourier series and Fourier transformⅡ.（1）控制理论（2）场效应管三极管（3）布尔代数（4）稳压（5）相关性和功率谱密度（6）滤波器类型（7）模/数转换器（8）时序逻辑电路的分析与综合Ⅲ.(1)Electronics is a part of the larger field of electricity. The basic principles of electricity are also common to electronics. Modern advances in the field of computer, control system, communications have a close relationship with electronics. The field of electronics includes the electron tube, transistor, integrated circuit and so on.(2) Direct current circuits & Alternating current circuits,Analog electronics,Digital electronics,signal and systems,Circuit theory and design, Control theory, Microcontrollersystems,Computer programming for engineering applications.(3) This curriculum mainly introduces the characteristics of semiconductor devices in linear application scope.The content involved in semiconductor diodes (PN junction diodes, special purpose diodes), transistors (field effects and bipolar transistors), signal amplifiers, practical amplifiers, biasing circuits, operationalamplifiers circuit and other circuits (rectification, regulation and DC power supplies).(4) This partial studies take the basicelectric circuit theory and the operational amplifier knowledge as the foundation. The main study goal is to enhance understanding of the electric circuit theory. Its main content includes the elementary theory in circuit theory (network functions, characteristic frequencies), types offilter (lowpass,bandpass), review of operational amplifiers (design of first and second order using operational amplifiers, cascade design), filter characteristics(Butterworth, Chebyshev, frequency transformations in design, sensitivity design of passive LC ladder filters and a brief introduction to switched capacitor filters).(5) Perfect.二、参考译文电子学的发展电子学是电学的一部分。
IT术语与中文解释对照
3DNow！（3D no waiting，无须等待的3D处理）
3DPA（3D Positional Audio，3D定位音频）
3DS（3D SubSystem，三维子系统）
3GIO（Third Generation Input/Output，第三代输入输出技术）
AGC（Anti Glare Coatings，防眩光涂层）
AGP（Accelerated Graphics Port，图形加速接口）
AGPS（Assisted Global Positioning System，援助全球定位系统）
AGTL+（Assisted Gunning Transceiver Logic，援助发射接收逻辑电路）
ADT（Advanced DRAM Technology，高级内存技术）
AE（Atmospheric Effects，大气雾化效果）
AE（Auto Focus，自动测光）
AES-OCB（Advanced Encryption Standard-Operation Cipher Block，高级加密标准-操作密码块）
ACS（Access Control Software，存取控制软件）
ACT（Action，动作类游戏）
AD（Analog to Digitalg，模拟到数字转换）
ADC（Analog to Digital Converter，模数传换器）
ADC（Apple Display Connector，苹果专用显示器接口）
AA（Accuview Antialiasing，高精度抗锯齿）
AAC（Advanced Audio Compression，高级音频压缩）
音响工程设计毕业设计论文.doc
内容摘要在建筑声学设计中，计算机辅助音质设计得到越来越广泛的应用。
本说明通过参照声学设计软件EASE3.0，参考音响工程设计与实例等，介绍了音响系统的结构、设计、安装与调试，并给出了演出大厅的设计方案。
本方案设计的是一个演出大厅，是一个带歌舞表演性质的场所，为双层演出大厅，要求具有舞蹈、唱歌、综合节目、播放20*6的LED显示屏以及小型电声乐队伴奏、钢琴弹奏等多种演出功能。
通过用EASE3.0对装修吸音材料、扬声器指向及功率等方面进行辅助设计使其混响时间和声压级的各项指标都能达到国家文化部发布的一级演出大厅要求,从而完成本次多功能演出大厅的设计和仿真。
关键字：EASE 音响设计演出大厅Content abstractIn the architectural acoustics design, computer aided quality design get applied more and more. This show that, through reference to acoustic design software EASE3.0, reference sound engineering design and the example, this paper introduces the structure of the sound system, design, installation and commissioning, and gives the performance hall design scheme.The plan is a performance hall, is a dance performance with the nature of the place, for double performance hall, requires a dance, sing and shows, played 20 * 6 of the LED display and small electro-acoustic band, piano and so on many kinds of performance function.Through the use EASE3.0 sound-absorbing materials for decoration, speaker and power to aspects of computer-aided design make its reverberation time harmonic level can meet all the indicators of national ministry of culture of the level of performance requirements issued by the hall so as to complete the multi-function performing hall design and simulation.Key word: EASE sound design performance hall目录内容摘要 (I)Content abstract (Ⅱ)目录 ............................................................................................................................................ I II 第一部分扩声系统设计的注意事项 (1)1、语言清晰度 (2)2、评价音质的各个指标 (2)3、音色—频率响应Tonal balance (2)第二部分演出大厅的设计方案 (3)一、演出大厅的设计 (3)二、演出大厅结构分析 (3)三、演出大厅主要音像设备的布局 (9)四、选配音箱 (12)五、选配功放 (13)六、其他设备的选配 (14)七、布线图 (15)八、系统结构图 (16)第三部分EASE仿真 (18)一.查看RT及房间容积 (18)二．查看演出大厅语言清晰度 (19)三．查看声场声压级分布图 (22)四.查看演出大厅模型渲染图 (24)第四部分音响调试 (25)总结 (27)参考文献 (28)-南通职业大学电子信息工程学院毕业设计方案第一部分扩声系统设计的注意事项众所周知，自然声源（如演讲、乐器演奏和演唱等）发出的声音能量十分有限，其声压级随传播距离的增大而迅速衰减。
三维声腔模态的等几何计算分析
计算机专业术语查询
AC-3(Audio Coding 3,第三代音响编码)
AC97(Audio Codec 97,多媒体数字信号解编码器1997年标准)
ACCP(Applied Computing Platform Providers,应用计算平台提供商)
APU(Audio Processing Unit,音频处理单元)
APX(All Position eXpansion,全方位扩展)
AR(Auto-Resume,自动恢复)
ARC(Anti Reflect Coating,防反射涂层)
ARF(Asynchronous Receive FIFO,异步接收先入先出)
计算机专业术语查询
3C(China Compulsory Certification,中国强制性产品认证制度)
3D(Three Dimensional,三维)
3DCG(3D computer graphics,三维计算机图形)
3DNow!(3D no waiting,无须等待的3D处理)
AGU(Address Generation Units,地址产成单元)
AH(Authentication Header,鉴定文件头)
AHA(Accelerated Hub Architecture,加速中心架构)
AI(Artificial Intelligence,人工智能)
AOL(Alert On LAN,局域网警告)
APC(Advanced Power Control,高级能源控制)
API(Application Programming Interfaces,应用程序接口)
信息科学与电子工程专业英语课后答案
U n i t1E x e r c i s e s(1)T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g s e n t e n c e s i n t o C h i n e s e.1.As with series resonance, the greater the resistance in thecircuit the lower the Q and, accordingly, the flatter andbroader the resonance curve of either line current or circuitimpedance.对于串联谐振，电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低，相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。
2.A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same and weighsexactly the same as it does when it is not carrying a current.一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。
3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change the pulserepetition rate, or directly enter a new value of the period inthe provided dialogue box, while keeping the pulse widthunchanged.在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率，或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的期值，而保持脉冲宽度不变。
4.Electronics is the science and the technology of the passage of charged particles in a gas, in a vacuum, or in a semiconductor. Please note that particle motion confined within a metal only is not considered electronics.电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。
半导体微电子专业词汇中英文对照
半导体微电子专业词汇中英文对照————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：半导体微电子专业词汇中英文对照Accelerated testing 加速实验Acceptor 受主Acceptor atom 受主原子Accumulation 积累、堆积Accumulating contact 积累接触Accumulation region 积累区Accumulation layer 积累层Acoustic Surface Wave 声表面波Active region 有源区Active component 有源元Active device 有源器件Activation 激活Activation energy 激活能Active region 有源（放大）区A/D conversion 模拟-数字转换Adhesives 粘接剂Admittance 导纳Aging 老化Airborne 空载Allowed band 允带allowance 容限，公差Alloy-junction device合金结器件Aluminum(Aluminum) 铝Aluminum – oxide 铝氧化物Aluminum Nitride 氮化铝Aluminum passivation 铝钝化Ambipolar 双极的Ambient temperature 环境温度A M light 振幅调制光，调幅光amplitude limiter 限幅器Amorphous 无定形的，非晶体的Amplifier 功放放大器Analogue(Analog) comparator 模拟比较器Angstrom 埃Anneal 退火Anisotropic 各向异性的Anode 阳极Antenna 天线Aperture 孔径Arsenide (As) 砷Array 阵列Atomic 原子的Atom Clock 原子钟Attenuation 衰减Audio 声频Auger 俄歇Automatic 自动的Automotive 汽车的Availability 实用性Avalanche 雪崩Avalanche breakdown 雪崩击穿Avalanche excitation雪崩激发Background carrier 本底载流子Background doping 本底掺杂Backward 反向Backward bias 反向偏置Ball bond 球形键合Band 能带Band gap 能带间隙Bandwidth 带宽Bar 巴条发光条Barrier 势垒Barrier layer 势垒层Barrier width 势垒宽度Base 基极Base contact 基区接触Base stretching 基区扩展效应Base transit time 基区渡越时间Base transport efficiency基区输运系数Base-width modulation基区宽度调制Batch 批次Battery 电池Beam 束光束电子束Bench 工作台Bias 偏置Bilateral switch 双向开关Binary code 二进制代码Binary compound semiconductor 二元化合物半导体Bipolar 双极性的Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)双极晶体管Bit 位比特Blocking band 阻带Body - centered 体心立方Body-centred cubic structure 体立心结构Boltzmann 波尔兹曼Bond 键、键合Bonding electron 价电子Bonding pad 键合点Boron 硼Borosilicate glass 硼硅玻璃Bottom-up 由下而上的Boundary condition 边界条件Bound electron 束缚电子Bragg effect 布拉格效应Breadboard 模拟板、实验板Break down 击穿Break over 转折Brillouin 布里渊FBrillouin zone 布里渊区Buffer 缓冲器Built-in 内建的Build-in electric field 内建电场Bulk 体/体内Bulk absorption 体吸收Bulk generation 体产生Bulk recombination 体复合Burn-in 老化Burn out 烧毁Buried channel 埋沟Buried diffusion region 隐埋扩散区Bus 总线Calibration 校准，检定，定标、刻度，分度Capacitance 电容Capture cross section 俘获截面Capture carrier 俘获载流子Carbon dioxide (CO2) 二氧化碳Carrier 载流子、载波Carry bit 进位位Cascade 级联Case 管壳Cathode 阴极Cavity 腔体Center 中心Ceramic 陶瓷（的）Channel 沟道Channel breakdown 沟道击穿Channel current 沟道电流Channel doping 沟道掺杂Channel shortening 沟道缩短Channel width 沟道宽度Characteristic impedance 特征阻抗Charge 电荷、充电Charge-compensation effects 电荷补偿效应Charge conservation 电荷守恒Charge drive/exchange/sharing/transfer/storage 电荷驱动/交换/共享/转移/存储Chemical etching 化学腐蚀法Chemically-Polish 化学抛光Chemically-Mechanically Polish (CMP) 化学机械抛光Chemical vapor deposition (cvd)化学汽相淀积Chip 芯片Chip yield 芯片成品率Circuit 电路Clamped 箝位Clamping diode 箝位二极管Cleavage plane 解理面Clean 清洗Clock rate 时钟频率Clock generator 时钟发生器Clock flip-flop 时钟触发器Close-loop gain 闭环增益Coating 涂覆涂层Coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数Coherency 相干性Collector 集电极Collision 碰撞Compensated OP-AMP 补偿运放Common-base/collector/emitter connection 共基极/集电极/发射极连接Common-gate/drain/source connection 共栅/漏/源连接Common-mode gain 共模增益Common-mode input 共模输入Common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) 共模抑制比Communication 通信Compact 致密的Compatibility 兼容性Compensation 补偿Compensated impurities 补偿杂质Compensated semiconductor 补偿半导体Complementary Darlington circuit 互补达林顿电路Complementary Metal-Oxide-SemiconductorField-Effect-Transistor(CMOS) 互补金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管Computer-aided design (CAD)/test(CAT)/manufacture(CAM) 计算机辅助设计/ 测试/制造Component 元件Compound Semiconductor 化合物半导体Conductance 电导Conduction band (edge) 导带(底)Conduction level/state 导带态Conductor 导体Conductivity 电导率Configuration 结构Conlomb 库仑Constants 物理常数Constant energy surface 等能面Constant-source diffusion恒定源扩散Contact 接触Continuous wave 连续波Continuity equation 连续性方程Contact hole 接触孔Contact potential 接触电势Controlled 受控的Converter 转换器Conveyer 传输器Cooling 冷却Copper interconnection system 铜互连系统Corrosion 腐蚀Coupling 耦合Covalent 共阶的Crossover 交叉Critical 临界的Cross-section 横断面Crucible坩埚Cryogenic cooling system 冷却系统Crystal defect/face/orientation/lattice 晶体缺陷/晶面/晶向/晶格Cubic crystal system 立方晶系Current density 电流密度Curvature 曲率Current drift/drive/sharing 电流漂移/驱动/共享Current Sense 电流取样Curve 曲线Custom integrated circuit 定制集成电路Cut off 截止Cylindrical 柱面的Czochralshicrystal 直立单晶Czochralski technique 切克劳斯基技术（Cz法直拉晶体J）) Dangling bonds 悬挂键Dark current 暗电流Dead time 空载时间Decade 十进制Decibel (dB) 分贝Decode 解码Deep acceptor level 深受主能级Deep donor level 深施主能级Deep energy level 深能级Deep impurity level 深度杂质能级Deep trap 深陷阱Defeat 缺陷Degenerate semiconductor 简并半导体Degeneracy 简并度Degradation 退化Degree Celsius(centigrade) /Kelvin 摄氏/开氏温度Delay 延迟Density 密度Density of states 态密度Depletion 耗尽Depletion approximation 耗尽近似Depletion contact 耗尽接触Depletion depth 耗尽深度Depletion effect 耗尽效应Depletion layer 耗尽层Depletion MOS 耗尽MOS Depletion region 耗尽区Deposited film 淀积薄膜Deposition process 淀积工艺Design rules 设计规则Detector 探测器Developer 显影剂Diamond 金刚石Die 芯片（复数dice）Diode 二极管Dielectric Constant 介电常数Dielectric isolation 介质隔离Difference-mode input 差模输入Differential amplifier 差分放大器Differential capacitance 微分电容Diffusion 扩散Diffusion coefficient 扩散系数Diffusion constant 扩散常数Diffusivity 扩散率Diffusion capacitance/barrier/current/furnace 扩散电容/势垒/电流/炉Digital circuit 数字电路Dimension (1)尺寸(2)量钢(3)维，度Diode 二极管Dipole domain 偶极畴Dipole layer 偶极层Direct-coupling 直接耦合Direct-gap semiconductor 直接带隙半导体Direct transition 直接跃迁Directional antenna 定向天线Discharge 放电Discrete component 分立元件Disorder 无序的Display 显示器Dissipation 耗散Dissolution 溶解Distributed capacitance 分布电容Distributed model 分布模型Displacement 位移Dislocation 位错Domain 畴Donor 施主Donor exhaustion 施主耗尽Dopant 掺杂剂Doped semiconductor 掺杂半导体Doping concentration 掺杂浓度Dose 剂量Double-diffusive MOS(DMOS)双扩散MOS Drift 漂移Drift field 漂移电场Drift mobility 迁移率Dry etching 干法腐蚀Dry/wet oxidation 干/湿法氧化Dose 剂量Dual-polarization 双偏振，双极化Duty cycle 工作周期Dual-in-line package （DIP）双列直插式封装Dynamics 动态Dynamic characteristics 动态属性Dynamic impedance 动态阻抗Early effect 厄利效应Early failure 早期失效Effect 效应Effective mass 有效质量Electric Erase Programmable Read Only Memory(E2PROM) 电可擦除只读存储器Electrode 电极Electromigration 电迁移Electron affinity 电子亲和势Electron-beam 电子束Electroluminescence 电致发光Electron gas 电子气Electron trapping center 电子俘获中心Electron Volt (eV) 电子伏Electro-optical 光电的Electrostatic 静电的Element 元素/元件/配件Elemental semiconductor 元素半导体Ellipse 椭圆Emitter 发射极Emitter-coupled logic 发射极耦合逻辑Emitter-coupled pair 发射极耦合对Emitter follower 射随器Empty band 空带Emitter crowding effect 发射极集边（拥挤）效应Endurance test =life test 寿命测试Energy state 能态Energy momentum diagram 能量-动量(E-K)图Enhancement mode 增强型模式Enhancement MOS 增强性MOSEnteric (低)共溶的Environmental test 环境测试Epitaxial 外延的Epitaxial layer 外延层Epitaxial slice 外延片Epoxy 环氧的Equivalent circuit 等效电路Equilibrium majority /minority carriers 平衡多数/少数载流子Equipment 设备Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM)可搽取（编程）存储器Erbium laser 掺铒激光器Error function complement 余误差函数Etch 刻蚀Etchant 刻蚀剂Etching mask 抗蚀剂掩模Excess carrier 过剩载流子Excitation energy 激发能Excited state 激发态Exciton 激子Exponential 指数的Extrapolation 外推法Extrinsic 非本征的Extrinsic semiconductor 杂质半导体Fabry-Perot amplifier 法布里-珀罗放大器Face - centered 面心立方Fall time 下降时间Fan-in 扇入Fan-out 扇出Fast recovery 快恢复Fast surface states 快表面态Feedback 反馈Fermi level 费米能级Femi potential 费米势Fiber optic 光纤Field effect transistor 场效应晶体管Field oxide 场氧化层Figure of merit 品质因数Filter 滤波器Filled band 满带Film 薄膜Fine pitch 细节距Flash memory 闪存存储器Flat band 平带Flat pack 扁平封装Flatness 平整度Flexible 柔性的Flicker noise 闪烁（变）噪声Flip-chip 倒装芯片Flip- flop toggle 触发器翻转Floating gate 浮栅Fluoride etch 氟化氢刻蚀Focal plane 焦平面Forbidden band 禁带Formulation 列式，表达Forward bias 正向偏置Forward blocking /conducting 正向阻断/导通Free electron 自由电子Frequency deviation noise 频率漂移噪声Frequency response 频率响应Function 函数Gain 增益Gallium-Arsenide(GaAs) 砷化镓Gallium Nitride 氮化镓Gate 门、栅、控制极Gate oxide 栅氧化层Gate width 栅宽Gauss（ian）高斯Gaussian distribution profile 高斯掺杂分布Generation-recombination 产生-复合Geometries 几何尺寸Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold 金Graded 缓变的Graded (gradual) channel 缓变沟道Graded junction 缓变结Grain 晶粒Gradient 梯度Graphene 石墨烯Grating 光栅Green laser 绿光激光器Ground 接地Grown junction 生长结Guard ring 保护环Guide wave 导波波导Gunn - effect 狄氏效应Gyroscope 陀螺仪Hardened device 辐射加固器件Harmonics 谐波Heat diffusion 热扩散Heat sink 散热器、热沉Heavy/light hole band 重/轻空穴带Hell - effect 霍尔效应Hertz 赫兹Heterojunction 异质结Heterojunction structure 异质结结构Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor（HBT）异质结双极型晶体High field property 高场特性High-performance MOS(H-MOS)高性能MOS器件High power 大功率Hole 空穴Homojunction 同质结Horizontal epitaxial reactor 卧式外延反应器Hot carrier 热载流子Hybrid integration 混合集成Illumination (1)照明(2)照明学Image - force 镜象力Impact ionization 碰撞电离Impedance 阻抗Imperfect structure 不完整结构Implantation dose 注入剂量Implanted ion 注入离子Impurity 杂质Impurity scattering 杂志散射Inch 英寸Incremental resistance 电阻增量（微分电阻）In-contact mask 接触式掩模Index of refraction 折射率Indium 铟Indium tin oxide (ITO) 铟锡氧化物Inductance 电感Induced channel 感应沟道Infrared 红外的Injection 注入Input power 输入功率Insertion loss 插入损耗Insulator 绝缘体Insulated Gate FET(IGFET) 绝缘栅FET Integrated injection logic 集成注入逻辑Integration 集成、积分Integrated Circuit 集成电路Interconnection 互连Interconnection time delay 互连延时Interdigitated structure 交互式结构Interface 界面Interference 干涉International system of unions 国际单位制Internally scattering 谷间散射Interpolation 内插法Intrinsic 本征的Intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体Inverse operation 反向工作Inversion 反型Inverter 倒相器Ion 离子Ion beam 离子束Ion etching 离子刻蚀Ion implantation 离子注入Ionization 电离Ionization energy 电离能Irradiation 辐照Isolation land 隔离岛Isotropic 各向同性Junction FET(JFET) 结型场效应管Junction isolation 结隔离Junction spacing 结间距Junction side-wall 结侧壁Laser 激光器Laser diode 激光二极管Latch up 闭锁Lateral 横向的Lattice 晶格Layout 版图Lattice binding/cell/constant/defect/distortion 晶格结合力/晶胞/晶格/晶格常熟/晶格缺陷/晶格畸变Lead 铅Leakage current （泄）漏电流Life time 寿命linearity 线性度Linked bond 共价键Liquid Nitrogen 液氮Liquid－phase epitaxial growth technique 液相外延生长技术Lithography 光刻Light Emitting Diode(LED) 发光二极管Linearity 线性化Liquid 液体Lock in 锁定Longitudinal 纵向的Long life 长寿命Lumped model 集总模型Magnetic 磁的Majority carrier 多数载流子Mask 掩膜板，光刻板Mask level 掩模序号Mask set 掩模组Mass - action law 质量守恒定律Master-slave D flip-flop 主从D 触发器Matching 匹配Material 材料Maxwell 麦克斯韦Mean free path 平均自由程Mean time before failure (MTBF) 平均工作时间Mechanical 机械的Membrane (1)薄腊，膜片(2)隔膜Megeto - resistance 磁阻Mesa 台面MESFET-Metal Semiconductor 金属半导体FET Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition MOCVD 金属氧化物化学汽相淀积Metallization 金属化Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)金属氧化物半导体MeV 兆电子伏Microelectronic technique 微电子技术Microelectronics 微电子学Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) 微电子机械系统Microwave 微波Millimeterwave 毫米波Minority carrier 少数载流子Misfit 失配Mismatching 失配Mobility 迁移率Module 模块Modulate 调制Molecular crystal 分子晶体Monolithic IC 单片MOSFET 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管Mount 安装Multiplication 倍增Modulator 调制Multi-chip IC 多芯片ICMulti-chip module(MCM) 多芯片模块Multilayer 多层Multiplication coefficient 倍增因子Multiplexer 复用器Multiplier 倍增器Naked chip 未封装的芯片（裸片）Nanometer 纳米Nanotechnology 纳米技术Negative feedback 负反馈Negative resistance 负阻Negative-temperature-coefficient负温度系数Nesting 套刻Noise figure 噪声系数Nonequilibrium 非平衡Nonvolatile 非挥发（易失）性Normally off/on 常闭/开Nuclear 核Numerical analysis 数值分析Occupied band 满带Offset 偏移、失调On standby 待命状态Ohmic contact 欧姆接触Open circuit 开路Operating point 工作点Operating bias 工作偏置Operational amplifier (OPAMP)运算放大器Optical photon 光子Optical quenching 光猝灭Optical transition 光跃迁Optical-coupled isolator 光耦合隔离器Organic semiconductor 有机半导体Orientation 晶向、定向Oscillator 振荡器Outline 外形Out-of-contact mask 非接触式掩模Output characteristic 输出特性Output power 输出功率Output voltage swing 输出电压摆幅Overcompensation 过补偿Over-current protection 过流保护Over shoot 过冲Over-voltage protection 过压保护Overlap 交迭Overload 过载Oscillator 振荡器Oxide 氧化物Oxidation 氧化Oxide passivation 氧化层钝化Package 封装Pad 压焊点Parameter 参数Parasitic effect 寄生效应Parasitic oscillation 寄生振荡Pass band 通带Passivation 钝化Passive component 无源元件Passive device 无源器件Passive surface 钝化界面Parasitic transistor 寄生晶体管Pattern 图形Payload 有效载荷Peak-point voltage 峰点电压Peak voltage 峰值电压Permanent-storage circuit 永久存储电路Period 周期Permeable - base 可渗透基区Phase-lock loop 锁相环Phase drift 相移Phonon spectra 声子谱Photo conduction 光电导Photo diode 光电二极管Photoelectric cell 光电池Photoelectric effect 光电效应Photonic devices 光子器件Photolithographic process 光刻工艺Photoluminescence 光致发光Photo resist （光敏）抗腐蚀剂Photo mask 光掩模Piezoelectric effect 压电效应Pin 管脚Pinch off 夹断Pinning of Fermi level 费米能级的钉扎（效应）Planar process 平面工艺Planar transistor 平面晶体管Plasma 等离子体Plane 平面的Plasma 等离子体Plate 板电路板P-N junction pn结Poisson equation 泊松方程Point contact 点接触Polarity 极性Polycrystal 多晶Polymer semiconductor 聚合物半导体Poly-silicon 多晶硅Positive 正的Potential (电)势Potential barrier 势垒Potential well 势阱Power electronic devices电力电子器件Power dissipation 功耗Power transistor 功率晶体管Preamplifier 前置放大器Primary flat 主平面Print-circuit board(PCB) 印制电路板Probability 几率Probe 探针Procedure 工艺Process 工艺Projector 投影仪Propagation delay 传输延时Proton 质子Proximity effect 邻近效应Pseudopotential method 赝势法Pump 泵浦Punch through 穿通Pulse triggering/modulating 脉冲触发/调制Pulse Widen Modulator(PWM) 脉冲宽度调制Punchthrough 穿通Push-pull stage 推挽级Q Q值Quality factor 品质因子Quantization 量子化Quantum 量子Quantum efficiency 量子效应Quantum mechanics 量子力学Quasi – Fermi－level 准费米能级Quartz 石英Radar 雷达Radiation conductivity 辐射电导率Radiation damage 辐射损伤Radiation flux density 辐射通量密度Radiation hardening 辐射加固Radiation protection 辐射保护Radiative - recombination 辐照复合Radio 无线电射电射频Radio-frequency RF 射频Raman 拉曼Random 随机Range 测距Radio 比率系数Ray 射线Reactive sputtering source 反应溅射源Real time 实时Receiver 接收机Recombination 复合Recovery diode 恢复二极管Record 记录Recovery time 恢复时间Rectifier 整流器（管）Rectifying contact 整流接触Red light 红光Reference 基准点基准参考点Refractive index 折射率Register 寄存器Regulate 控制调整Relative 相对的Relaxation 驰豫Relaxation lifetime 驰豫时间Relay 中继Reliability 可靠性Remote 远程Repeatability 可重复性Reproduction 重复制造Residual current 剩余电流Resonance 谐振Resin 树脂Resistance 电阻Resistor 电阻器Resistivity 电阻率Regulator 稳压管（器）Resolution 分辨率Response time 响应时间Return signal 回波信号Reverse 反向的Reverse bias 反向偏置Ribbon 光纤带Ridge waveguide 脊形波导Ring laser 环形激光器Rotary wave 旋转波Run 运行Sampling circuit 取样电路Sapphire 蓝宝石（Al2O3）Satellite valley 卫星谷Saturated current range 电流饱和区Scan 扫描Scaled down 按比例缩小Scattering 散射Schematic layout 示意图，简图Schottky 肖特基Schottky barrier 肖特基势垒Schottky contact 肖特基接触Screen 筛选Scribing grid 划片格Secondary flat 次平面Seed crystal 籽晶Segregation 分凝Selectivity 选择性Self aligned 自对准的Self diffusion 自扩散Semiconductor 半导体Semiconductor laser半导体激光器Semiconductor-controlled rectifier 半导体可控硅Sensitivity 灵敏度Sensor 传感器Serial 串行/串联Series inductance 串联电感Settle time 建立时间Sheet resistance 薄层电阻Shaping 成型Shield 屏蔽Shifter 移相器Short circuit 短路Shot noise 散粒噪声Shunt 分流Sidewall capacitance 边墙电容Signal 信号Silica glass 石英玻璃Silicon 硅Silicon carbide 碳化硅Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 二氧化硅Silicon Nitride(Si3N4) 氮化硅Silicon On Insulator 绝缘体上硅Silver whiskers 银须Simple cubic 简立方Simulation 模拟Single crystal 单晶Sink 热沉Sinter 烧结Skin effect 趋肤效应Slot 槽隙Slow wave 慢波Smooth 光滑的Subthreshold 亚阈值的Solar battery/cell 太阳能电池Solid circuit 固体电路Solid Solubility 固溶度Solution 溶液Sonband 子带Source 源极Source follower 源随器Space charge 空间电荷Space Craft 宇宙飞行器Spacing 间距Specific heat(PT) 比热Spectral 光谱Spectrum 光谱(复数)Speed-power product 速度功耗乘积Spherical 球面的Spin 自旋Split 分裂Spontaneous emission 自发发射Spot 斑点Spray 喷涂Spreading resistance 扩展电阻Sputter 溅射Square root 平方根Stability 稳定性Stacking fault 层错Standard 标准的Standing wave 驻波State-of-the-art 最新技术Static characteristic 静态特性Statistical analysis 统计分析Steady state 稳态Step motor 步进式电动机Stimulated emission 受激发射Stimulated recombination 受激复合Stopband 阻带Storage time 存储时间Stress 应力Stripline 带状线Subband 次能带Sublimation 升华Submillimeter 亚毫米波Substrate 衬底Substitutional 替位式的Superconductor 超导(电)体Superlattice 超晶格Supply 电源Surface mound表面安装Surge capacity 浪涌能力Switching time 开关时间Switch 开关Synchronizer 同步器，同步装置Synthetic-aperture 合成孔径System 系统Technical 技术的，工艺的Telecommunication 远距通信，电信Telescope 望远镜Terahertz 太赫兹Terminal 终端Template 模板Temperature 温度Tensor 张量Test 测试试验Thermal activation 热激发Thermal conductivity 热导率Thermal equilibrium 热平衡Thermal Oxidation 热氧化Thermal resistance 热阻Thermal sink 热沉Thermal velocity 热运动Thick- film technique 厚膜技术Thin- film hybrid IC 薄膜混合集成电路Thin-Film Transistor(TFT) 薄膜晶体Three dimension 三维Threshold 阈值Through Silicon Via 硅通孔Thyistor 晶闸管Time resolution 时间分辨率Tolerance 公差T/R module 发射/接收模块Transconductance 跨导Transfer characteristic 转移特性Transfer electron 转移电子Transfer function 传输函数Transient 瞬态的Transistor aging(stress) 晶体管老化Transit time 渡越时间Transition 跃迁Transition-metal silica 过度金属硅化物Transition probability 跃迁几率Transition region 过渡区Transmissivity 透射率Transmitter 发射机Transceiver 收发机Transport 输运Transverse 横向的Trap 陷阱Trapping 俘获Trapped charge 陷阱电荷Travelling wave 行波Trigger 触发Trim 调配调整Triple diffusion 三重扩散Tolerance 容差Tube 管子电子管Tuner 调节器Tunnel(ing) 隧道（穿）Tunnel current 隧道电流Turn - off time 关断时间Ultraviolet 紫外的Ultrabright 超亮的Ultrasonic 超声的Underfilling 下填充Undoped 无掺杂Unijunction 单结的Unipolar 单极的Unit cell 原（元）胞Unity- gain frequency 单位增益频率Unilateral-switch 单向开关Vacancy 空位Vacuum 真空Valence(value) band 价带Value band edge 价带顶Valence bond 价键Vapour phase 汽相Varactor 变容管Variable 可变的Vector 矢量Vertical 垂直的Vibration 振动Visible light 可见光Voltage 电压Volt 伏特Wafer 晶片Watt 瓦Wave guide 波导Wavelength 波长Wave-particle duality 波粒二相性Wear-out 烧毁Wetting 浸润Wideband 宽禁带Wire 引线Wire routing 布线Work function 功函数Worst-case device 最坏情况器件X-ray X射线Yield 成品率Zinc 锌。
介绍航空发动机的英语作文
介绍航空发动机的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Magnificent World of Aircraft EnginesAs a student fascinated by the marvels of aerospace engineering, I've always been intrigued by the incredible machines that power modern aircraft – the aircraft engines. These intricate powerhouses are true engineering marvels, capable of generating immense thrust to propel massive airplanes through the skies. Let's embark on a journey to unravel the captivating world of aircraft engines and explore their inner workings.At the heart of every aircraft engine lies a fundamental principle: the conversion of fuel energy into thrust. This process is achieved through a series of intricate components working in harmony. The engine's core consists of the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine sections.The compressor, often referred to as the "lungs" of the engine, draws in vast quantities of air and compresses it, increasing its pressure and temperature. This compressed air isthen funneled into the combustion chamber, where fuel is injected and ignited, creating a controlled explosion. The rapid expansion of hot, high-pressure gases resulting from this combustion process is what generates the powerful thrust that propels the aircraft forward.These hot gases then rush through the turbine section, causing the turbine blades to spin at astonishing speeds, often exceeding tens of thousands of revolutions per minute. The turbine, in turn, drives the compressor, ensuring a continuous flow of compressed air into the combustion chamber, sustaining the engine's operation.Aircraft engines come in various configurations, each designed to meet specific performance requirements. The most common types are turbofan, turboprop, and turboshaft engines.Turbofan engines are the workhorses of modern commercial aviation, powering the majority of passenger jets. They feature a large fan at the front that draws in massive amounts of air, with a portion of the air passing through the engine's core and the rest bypassing it through a duct surrounding the core. This design maximizes fuel efficiency and thrust, making turbofan engines ideal for long-range flights.Turboprop engines, on the other hand, are favored for smaller regional and commuter aircraft. Instead of generating thrust directly, these engines drive a propeller, which converts the engine's power into propulsive force. Turboprop engines offer excellent fuel efficiency and are well-suited for short to medium-range flights.Turboshaft engines, primarily used in helicopters, work similarly to turboprop engines but drive a shaft instead of a propeller. This shaft powers the rotor blades, providing the lift necessary for vertical flight and maneuverability.Beyond their primary function of generating thrust, aircraft engines must also meet stringent safety and environmental standards. Modern engines incorporate advanced noise reduction technologies, minimizing their acoustic footprint and ensuring a more comfortable flying experience for passengers and communities near airports.Emission control is another crucial aspect, with manufacturers continuously striving to develop cleaner and more eco-friendly engines. Techniques such as advanced combustion chamber design, fuel-injection systems, and exhaust gas treatment help reduce harmful emissions and contribute to a more sustainable aviation industry.The sheer complexity of aircraft engines is awe-inspiring, with thousands of intricate components working in perfect synchronization. From the precisely engineered turbine blades capable of withstanding extreme temperatures and stresses, to the intricate fuel delivery systems and electronic controls, every aspect of these engines is a testament to human ingenuity and technological prowess.Furthermore, the development of aircraft engines is an ongoing process, driven by the pursuit of greater efficiency, performance, and reliability. Advancements in materials science, aerodynamics, and computer-aided design have paved the way for lighter, more powerful, and more fuel-efficient engines.As we look to the future, exciting innovations lie ahead, such as the integration of electric and hybrid-electric propulsion systems, which could revolutionize the aviation industry by reducing emissions and noise levels even further.In conclusion, aircraft engines are true engineering masterpieces, combining cutting-edge technology with intricate design principles. From the roar of a jumbo jet taking off to the graceful flight of a helicopter, these engines are the beating hearts that make aviation possible. As a student passionate about aerospace engineering, I am in awe of the ingenuity anddedication that goes into developing these remarkable machines, and I eagerly anticipate the innovations that will shape the future of air travel.篇2Introduction to Aircraft EnginesAs a student with a keen interest in aviation, I find the world of aircraft engines absolutely fascinating. These incredible machines are the heartbeat of every airplane, responsible for generating the tremendous thrust needed to propel these massive vehicles through the air. From the early days of aviation to the cutting-edge technology of modern jets, the evolution of aircraft engines has been a captivating journey of human ingenuity and technological advancement.The Beginnings: Piston EnginesIn the early 20th century, the pioneers of aviation relied on piston engines to power their aircraft. These engines, similar to those found in automobiles, used the combustion of fuel to drive pistons that converted the reciprocating motion into rotational force. While relatively simple in design, piston engines played a crucial role in the development of aviation, powering iconic aircraft such as the Wright Flyer and the Ford Tri-Motor.However, piston engines had their limitations. They were heavy, noisy, and lacked the power required for high-speed, long-distance flights. This paved the way for the next significant advancement in aircraft propulsion: the jet engine.The Jet Age: Turbine EnginesThe jet age dawned in the late 1930s with the invention of the gas turbine engine. Unlike piston engines, which relied on reciprocating motion, jet engines use the principles of Newton's third law of motion: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In a jet engine, air is compressed, mixed with fuel, and ignited, creating a high-velocity stream of hot exhaust gases. As these gases are expelled rearward, they generate thrust, propelling the aircraft forward.There are several types of jet engines, each with its own unique characteristics and applications:Turbojet Engines: The simplest form of jet engines, turbojets were the first to power aircraft such as the legendary German Messerschmitt Me 262 during World War II. These engines generate thrust solely from the exhaust gases expelled at high velocity.Turboprop Engines: Combining the principles of jet engines and propellers, turboprop engines are highly efficient for medium-range, low-speed aircraft like regional airliners and cargo planes. The turbine section generates power to drive a propeller, providing thrust and improved fuel efficiency.Turbofan Engines: The workhorses of modern commercial aviation, turbofan engines are incredibly powerful andfuel-efficient. They feature a large fan at the front that draws in and accelerates a significant amount of air, while the core of the engine generates additional thrust from the combustion of fuel. This combination of bypass air and hot exhaust gases provides tremendous thrust while minimizing fuel consumption and noise levels.The Technological Marvel: High-Bypass Turbofan EnginesToday's cutting-edge aircraft, such as the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and the Airbus A350, are powered by high-bypass turbofan engines. These engines are true marvels of engineering, featuring a massive fan that channels a significant portion of the incoming air around the core of the engine, dramatically increasing efficiency and reducing noise.The core of the engine, known as the hot section, is where the magic happens. Air is compressed, mixed with fuel, andignited in the combustion chamber, creating high-energy exhaust gases that spin the turbine blades. These turbine blades, in turn, drive the compressor and the fan, generating the thrust needed to propel the aircraft forward.Advanced materials, such as lightweight titanium and composite components, have played a crucial role in the development of these high-performance engines. Additionally, sophisticated electronics and computer systems monitor and adjust various parameters, ensuring optimal performance and efficiency throughout the flight.The Future of Aircraft PropulsionWhile jet engines have dominated the aviation industry for decades, researchers and engineers are constantly exploring new and innovative propulsion technologies. One promising avenue is the development of hybrid-electric and fully electric propulsion systems, which could significantly reduce emissions and noise levels.Another exciting area of research is the pursuit of supersonic and hypersonic flight, which requires engines capable of withstanding extreme temperatures and pressures. Scramjet engines, which operate by compressing incoming air throughthe forward motion of the vehicle itself, are being investigated for potential use in future high-speed aircraft and spacecraft.ConclusionAircraft engines have come a long way since the early days of aviation, evolving from simple piston engines to the highly sophisticated turbine engines that power modern jets. These technological marvels are a testament to human ingenuity and our relentless pursuit of innovation.As a student fascinated by the world of aviation, I am in awe of the engineering brilliance behind these engines. From the roar of a jet taking off to the quiet hum of a turboprop cruising at altitude, each engine tells a story of human achievement and our unwavering desire to conquer the skies.Whether you're a fellow aviation enthusiast or simply someone who appreciates the wonders of modern technology, the world of aircraft engines is a captivating realm that continues to inspire and amaze us all.篇3Aircraft Engines: The Powerhouses of the SkyAs a student fascinated by the marvels of aviation, I have always been awestruck by the sheer power and engineering brilliance behind aircraft engines. These colossal machines are the beating hearts of modern airplanes, propelling tons of metal and passengers through the skies at incredible speeds. In this essay, I will delve into the world of aircraft engines, exploring their history, types, and the remarkable physics that make flight possible.The Early Days of Aircraft PropulsionThe quest for powered flight has captivated humans for centuries, and the development of aircraft engines has been a pivotal milestone in this pursuit. In the early 1900s, pioneers like the Wright Brothers and Gustav Whitehead experimented with various propulsion systems, ranging from propellers driven by gasoline engines to steam-powered designs. However, it was the advent of the internal combustion engine that truly revolutionized aviation.The first aircraft engines were adapted from their automotive counterparts, featuring reciprocating piston designs that converted the explosive force of burning fuel into rotational motion. These engines were relatively heavy and underpowered,but they paved the way for more advanced designs as the demand for greater performance grew.Jet Engines: The Game-ChangersThe true game-changer in aircraft propulsion came with the introduction of jet engines. Unlike piston engines, which rely on reciprocating motion, jet engines use the principle of Newton's third law of motion – for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. By expelling a high-speed jet of exhaust gases, these engines generate tremendous thrust, enabling aircraft to reach incredible speeds and altitudes.There are several types of jet engines, each with its unique characteristics and applications. Turbojet engines were among the first successful designs, powering many of the early jet fighters and commercial airliners. These engines compress incoming air, mix it with fuel, and ignite the mixture, creating a high-velocity exhaust stream that generates thrust.Turbofan engines, on the other hand, are the workhorses of modern commercial aviation. These engines combine the principles of a turbojet with a large fan at the front, which accelerates a significant amount of air around the engine core. This design results in improved fuel efficiency and reduced noiselevels, making turbofans the preferred choice for long-range passenger flights.Turboshaft engines, primarily used in helicopters andtilt-rotor aircraft, operate on similar principles but divert a portion of the exhaust gas to drive a turbine that powers a rotating shaft. This shaft, in turn, drives the main rotor blades, providing the necessary lift and thrust for vertical flight.The Physics of ThrustAt the heart of aircraft engines lies a fascinating interplay of physics principles. The most fundamental concept is Newton's third law, which dictates that the accelerated exhaust gases generate an equal and opposite force, propelling the aircraft forward. However, the real magic happens in the intricate design of the engine components.Compressors, turbines, and combustion chambers work in harmonious symphony to maximize the energy extraction from the fuel and generate substantial thrust. Compressors increase the pressure。
自动化专业英语单词(王宏文)
Abound v.大量存在Accelerate v.加速Access v.存取，接近Accommodate v.容纳，使适应Acoustic adj.听觉的Acousticsensor声传感器，声敏原件Acronym n.首字母缩写词Active adj.主动的，有源的Active network 有源网络Actuator n.执行器Ad hoc 尤其，特定地Address n.寻址Addressgenerators地址发生器Adjoint n.，adj.伴随（的），共轭（的）Admissible adj.可采纳的，允许的Advent n.出现Aerodynamic adj.空气动力学的Aerodynamic n.空气动力学，气体力学Aesthetically adv.美术地，美学地Aforementioned adj.上述的，前面提到的Agility n.灵活，便捷Ai 人工智能Air gap 气隙Aircraft n.飞行器Airgap=air gap 气隙Air-to-close（AC）adj.气关的Air-to-open（AO）adj.气开的Albeit conj.虽然Algebraic equation 代数方程Alignment n.组合All-electricrange全电动行驶里程Alleviate v.减轻，缓和Allowance for finish 加工余量Alloy n.合金Alnico n.铝镍钴合金，铝镍钴永磁合金Aloft adv.高高地Alphanumeric adj.字母数字混合的Alternative n.可供选择的办法Altitude n.海拔Aluminum n.铝Amortisseur n.阻尼器Amplifier n.放大器Amplify v.放大Amplitude n.振幅Answeringmachine电话答录机Anthropomorphically adv.拟人的Anti-aliasfilter抗混叠滤波器Antilockbrakingsystem防抱死系统APICS=AmericanProductionandInventoryControlSociety美国生产与库存管理学会Apparatus n.一套仪器，装置Application n.应用（程序）Approach n.途径，方法；研究Aptness n.恰当Arbitrary adj.任意的Arbitrary adj.任意的Architecture n.架构Architecture n.体系结构Archive v.存档Argument n.辐角，相位Arithmetic-logic unit 算术逻辑部件Armature n.电枢，衔铁，加固Arrival angle 入射角Arrival point 汇合点Artificial intelligence 人工智能Artillery shell 炮弹ASIC=ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit特定用途集成电路Assembly n.装置，构件Assemblyline装配生产线Assumption n.假设Asymmetric adj.不对称的Asymptote n.渐近线Asymptotically stable渐近稳定Asynchronous adj.异步的At rest 处于平衡状态At the most 至多Attached adj.附加的Attain v.达到，实现Attenuate v.减弱Attenuation n.衰减Attitude n.姿态Attribute n.品质，特征Audio adj.音频的Auto-isolation n.自动隔离Automatictellermachine自动柜员机Autonomous adj.自治的Autonomous adj.自治的，自激的Auto-restoration n.自动恢复供电Auto-sectionalizing n.自动分段Auxiliary material 辅助材料Axon n.轴突Backlash n.齿隙游移Bandwidth n.带宽Bar code scanner 条码扫描仪Baud n.波特Become adept in 熟练Bench mark 基准点Bias n.偏压Bi-directional adj.双向的Binary adj.二进制的Binary-coded adj.二进制编码的Biomass n.生物质Biopsy n.活体检查Bipolar adj.双向的Bjt 双极结型晶体管Blackout n.（大区域的）停电Bldm 无刷直流电动机Block diagram algebra方块图计算（代数）Boiler n.汽锅，锅炉Boolean algebra 布尔代数Boost chopper 升压式变压器Bound v.限制Bracket v.加括号Break frequency 转折频率Breakaway point 分离点Breakdown n.击穿，雪崩Breakover n.导通Brush n.电刷Buck chopper 降压式变压器Building blocks 积木Buildingautomation楼宇自动化精选文库Bulky adj.庞大的，笨重的Bus-compatible adj.总线兼容的Bypass n.旁路；v.设旁路By-product n.副产品CAD=Computer-aidedDe sign计算机辅助设计CAE=Computer-aideden gineering计算机辅助工程Cage n.笼子，笼形Calibrate v.校准Calibration n.校准，标度Calibration n.校准，检查CAM=Computer-aidedM anufacturing计算机辅助制造Can n.密封外壳Can 控制器局域网，一种现场总线Capacitor n.电容器Carbohydrate n.碳水化合物Carrier n.载波，载体Cascade n.，v.串联；adj.串联的Cellulartelephones蜂窝电话Census n.人口统计Central processing unit （cpu）中央处理器CEO=ChiefExecutiveOffic er执行总裁，首席执行官Ceramic adj.陶瓷的Chain n.串Channel n.信道Characteristic adj.特性（的）；n.特性曲线Characteristic equation 特征方程Characterrecognition文字识别Chlorophyll n.叶绿素Chopper n.斩波器Christen v.命名为Churnout艰苦地做出CIM=ComputerIntegratedManufacturing计算机集成制造Circuit breaker 断路器Circuitry n.电路Circumstance n.状况，环境Clamp v.箝位，定位Clock-driven adj.时钟驱动的Closed-loop n.闭环Close-knit adj.紧密的CNC=ComputerNumericalControl计算机数字控制Cockpit n.座舱Coefficient n.系数Coil n.绕组，线圈；v.盘绕Coincide v.一致Combustible adj.易燃的，可燃的Combustion n.燃烧Commercial off the shelf（cots）商业现货Commercially adv.工业地，商业地Commissioning n.试车，试运转Commit v.保证Common logarithm 常对数Commutator n.换向器，整流器Complement v.补充，求补Complex adj.复数的；n.复数Compound-wound dcmotor 复励直流电动机Comprehensive adj.综合（性）的Comprise v.包含Computer simulation 计算机仿真Concentrated coil 集中绕组Concurrent adj.并发的Conduction n.导电，传导Configuration n.构造，结构Configuration n.轮廓，格局Confine v.限制（在……范围内）Conjugate adj.共轭的Conjunction n.结合Conjunction n.联合Consecutive adj.连续的Console n.控制台Constancy n.恒定Constant matrix 常数矩阵Constant-speed adj.恒速的Constitute v.构造，组织Constraint n.强迫Constraint n.约束条件Consuming adj.控制的Continuity n.连续性Continuum n.连续Contour n.轮廓，外形Controllability n.能控性Control-oriented adj.面向控制的Controlpanel控制盘Converge v.集中，汇聚，收敛Converge v.汇合Converter n.逆变器，整流器Converter n.转换器，换流器，变流器Conveyor n.传送带Conveyor n.传送带，传送机Convolution n.卷积Coordinate n.坐标，同等的人或物Copper-clad n.镀铜Core n.铁心Corresponding adj.相应的Cost-effective adj.性能价格比（高）的Coulomb friction 库仑摩擦Counterclockwise adj.逆时针的Counterpart n.对应物，配对物Criteria n.标准Criteria n.判据Critically damped 临界阻尼CRM=CustomerRelationshipManagement客户关系管理Crossover frequency 穿越频率CRT阴极射线管Crust n.外壳Crystal n.晶体CSMA/BA载波侦听多路访问/位仲裁CSMA/CD载波侦听多路访问/冲突检测Culmination n.顶点，极点Cumbersome adj.麻烦的Cumulative adj.积累的Curbside n.路边Current-fed inverter 电流源型逆变器Custom adj.定制的Cycloconverter n.交-交变频器Cycloconverter n.周波变换器Cylindrical adj.圆柱形的Cylindrical adj.圆柱（形）的Damper winding 阻尼绕组Damping n.阻尼；adj.阻尼的Damp v.阻尼，减幅，衰减Data acquisition 数据采集Data filtering 数字滤波Data logging 数据记录Dataencryption数字加密Datafusion数据融合Datatype n.数据类型Datawarehouse数据仓库Dead substation transfer 故障变电站转移Deadband n.死区Deadlock n.死锁，僵局Debugging n.调试Decay v.衰减Decibel n.分贝Decimal adj.十进制的Decode v.解码，译码Decompose v.分解Decouple v.解耦，退耦Decrement n.减少量Deduce v.演绎De-facto adj.事实上的，实际的Deferment n.延期，暂缓Deflection n.偏（离，差）Defrost v.除霜Delta n.希腊字母δ（δ），三角形（物）Demagnetization n.去磁，退磁Dendrite n.树突Denominator n.分子Deodorize v.除……臭Departure angle 出射角Dependent variable 应变量Depict v.描述Deplete v.耗尽，使衰竭Derivation n.导数Derivation n.起源，得来Destabilize v.使打破平衡，使不稳定Detector n.探测器Deteriorate v.恶化，变化Determinant n.行列式Determinism n.确定性Determinism n.决定论Deterministic adj.确定的Deterministic adj.确定的Deterministic n.确定性的Detractor n.批评者Detrimental adj.不利的Develop v.导出，引入Development system 开发系统Deviation n.偏差Diagnosis n.诊断Dial-out 拨叫Dictate v.命令，要求Diesel n.柴油机Difference equation 差分方程Differential adj.差的，差别的Differential adj.微分的n.微分Differential equation 微分方程Differentiate v.微分Digit n.位数Diminish v.（使）减少，（使）变小Diode n.二极管，半导体二极管Direct memory access（dma）直接存储器访问Discontinuity n.不连续Discrete adj.离散的Discrete adj.离散的Discrete adj.离散的；分离的Displace v.转移Display screen 显示屏Disrupt v.干扰，扰动Distortion n.失真Distributed adj.分散的，分布的Distributed parameter分散参数Distribution n.分配，分布，配电Disturbance n.扰动Disturbance n.扰动，干扰Disturbance n.扰动Diversification n.多样化Domain n.域，领域Domain n.范围，领域Dominate v.支配，使服从Dominating pole 主极点Dope v.掺入Drastic adj.激烈的Drastically adv.激烈地，彻底地Dry friction 干性摩擦Dual adj.双的，对偶的，孪生的Dual slop 双积分Duplex adj.双全工的Duty ratio 占空比，功率比Dynamic response 动态响应Dynamics n.动态特性Eigenvalue n.特征根Eigenvalue n.特征值（eigen- 特征）Elapse v.经过Elastic adj.有弹性的Electric charge 电荷Electrocardiogram n.心电图Electrochemical adj.电化学的Electrochemical adj.电化学的Electrochemical adj.电气化学的Electroencephalogram n.脑电图Electromechanical adj.机电的，电机的Electronic messages（mail）电子信息，邮件Electrooptical adj.电光的Eliminate v.消除Eliminate v.消除，对消Elongate v.延长，拉长Embark v.从事，着手Embeddedsystem嵌入式系统Emf（electromotiveforce）电动势Emitter n.发射极Emulation n.竞争Encircle v.环绕Enclose v.围绕Encoder n.编码器Encompass v.包含Encounter v.遇到End effector 终端执行机构End-effectors n.末端执行器Ensuing adj.相继的Entail v.，n.负担，需要Entry n.入口Equivalent adj.等价的；n.等价Equivalent adj.同等的，等效的；n.同等，等效Equivalent adj.相等的，相当的Erasable adj.可擦除的ERO=EnterpriseResource optimization企业资源优化ERP=EnterpriseResource sPlanning企业资源计划Estimation n.预测，估计Ethanol n.乙醇Evaluation n.估计Evaporate v.（使）蒸发，（使）变为气体Even adj.偶数的Even multiple 偶数倍Event-driven adj.事件驱动的Evolve v.开展，进化，逐渐形成Excitation n.激励Expert system 专家系统Expertise n.专门知识Exploit v.开发Exponential adj.指数的；n.指数Exponential adj.指数的Extreme adj.极端的；n.极端的事情/情况Fabrication n.构成，组成，制作Facilitate v.使容易，促进Factor n.因子；v.分解因式Factored adj.可分解的Factory floor 工厂车间Fail-closed（FC）adj.无信号则关的Fail-open（FO）adj.无信号则开的Faraday n.法拉第FastFouriertransforms快速傅里叶变换Fault-tolerant adj.容错的Faulttolerant容错Feedback n.反馈Ferromagnetic adj.铁磁性的，铁磁体的Fetch v.，n.取来Fictitious adj.假想的Field n.域，字段Field winding n.励磁绕组Field n.字段Field-weakening n.弱磁Filter v.滤波Filtering technique 滤波技术Final value 终值Firing angle 触发角Flash converter 闪速转换器Fleet n.车队；adj.快速的Flextime n.灵活定时上班制Flip-flop n.触发器Floating-point adj.浮点的Flux n.磁通Force commutated 强制换向Force-commutation n.强制换向Forcing frequency 强制频率Foregoing adj.前面的，以上的Formulation n.公式化（表达）Forward biased 正向偏置Fouling n.阻塞Fourier series 傅里叶级数Fractional adj.分数的Fractional adj.小数的Fraction n.分数，小数Frame n.机壳，机座Framework n.构架，结构Freewheeling n.单向传动Fuelcell燃料电池Full-scall adj.满量程的Functionality n.功能性Fundamental n.基本原理Fusion n.融合Fuzzy adj.模糊的Fuzzy adj.模糊的Gain n.增益Galvanometer n.电流计，安培计Gate n.门，门电路General form 一般形式Generalize v.概括，一般化，普及Generalize v.一般化，普及Generator n.发生器，发电机Geologically adv.地质学地，地质地Geometry n.几何学，几何形状Geothermal adj.地热的Geothermal adj.地热的Germanium n.锗Get around 回避，躲开Globally stable 全局稳定Gouge v.挖Graphicaluserinterface（GUI）图形用户界面Graphicequalizer图像均衡器Greenhouse n.温室Grid n.格子，网格Gripper n.抓手，夹持器Gross national product国民生产总值Groundsourceheatpump地源热泵Group control system群控系统Gto 门极可关断晶闸管Guarantee v.；n.保证，担保Guidance system 引导（导航）系统Habitat n.栖息地，居留地Hairline n.游丝，细测量线Hamiltonian 哈密尔顿的Handheld terminal 手持终端Handshaking n.握手Hardware n.硬件Hard-wired n.硬接线Hardwired adj.电路的，硬件连线实现的Harmonics n.谐波Harmonics n.谐波Harmonics n.谐波Harmonize v.协调Harness v.利用Harness v.利用（河流，瀑布等）产生动力（尤指电力）Harsh adj.苛刻的Hexadecimal adj.十六进制的Hierarchical adj.分级的Hierarchical adj.分级的，分层的Hierarchy v.层次，级别High end 高端精选文库High-end n.高端Hilberttransforms n.希尔伯特变换Holding current 保持电流Homogeneous solution 通解Homomorphicprocessin g同态处理Horizontally adv.水平地Horsepower n.马力，功率Horsepower n.功率Hotexchanger热交换器Housekeeping n.常规事物Hub height 塔杆高度Humanoidrobot类人机器人Hurwitz criterion 赫尔维茨判据Hybrid adj.混合的Hybrid n.混合Hybrid adj.混合的Hydraulic adj.水力的，液压的Hydraulic adj.水压的Hydrauliccylinder液压缸Hydro adj.水电的Hydro-electric adj.水力发电的Hydroelectric adj.水电的Hydrogen n.氢Hysteresis n.滞回线I/o-mapped adj.输入/输出映射的（单独编址）Identification n.辨识，识别Identify v.确认，识别，辨别Identifyoneselfwith（in）参与，和……打成一片Identity n.一致性，等式Igbt 绝缘栅双极型晶体管Igct 集成门极换向晶闸管Imaginary axis 虚轴Immerse v.沉浸，浸入Imperfection n.不完全，不足，缺点Implement v.实现Implementation n.实现，履行Imply v.包含Improper integral 奇异（无理）积分Impulse v.冲激In series 串联Inactive n.不活动，停止Incidentally adv.偶然地Inclineto倾向于Incorporation n.合并Increment n.增量Incur v.招致Indentation n.缺口Independent variable自变量In-depth adv.深入地Induction machine 感应电机Inductor n.电感器Inertial guidancesystems惯性导航系统Infeasible adj.不可行的Infinitesimal adj.无限小的Infrared adj.红外线的Inherent adj.固有的Inhibit v.抑制Initial condition 初始条件Initial value 初值Input device 输入设备Insensitive adj.不敏感的Insofar as 到这样的程度，在……范围内Instruction set 指令集Instruction set 指令集Instrument n.仪器，工具Instrument transformer仪表（用）互感器Integer n.整数Integral n.积分Integrated circuit 集成电路Integrate v.积分Integro-differentialequation 微积分方程Interactive adj.交互式的Interactive adj.交互式的Interchangeably adv.可交换地Interconnect v.互相连接Interdisciplinary adj.跨学科的Interface n.界面Interpret v.解释，解析Intersect v.相交Intersection n.相交，逻辑乘法Interval n.间隔Intrinsic adj.内在的Intrinsic adj.固有的，体内的，体征Intrusive adj.侵入的Intuition n.直觉Intuitively adv.直观地Inventory n.仓库管理Inverse n.反，逆，倒数Inverse transform 反（逆）变换Inverter n.逆变器Irrelevance n.不相干，不切题Irrespective adj.不考虑的ISDN=IntegrateServiceDigitalNetwork综合业务数据网Isocline n.等倾线Isosceles adj.等腰的IT=InformationTechnology信息技术Iterative adj.重复的，反复的Jacobian matrix 雅戈比矩阵Jargon n.行话JIT=Just-in-time即时（生产）Jitter n.抖（颤）动，颠簸Justify v.证明Kinematics n.动力学Kirchhoff’s first law 基尔霍夫第一定律Knowledge base 知识库Knowledge engineering知识工程Knowledge-based adj.基础知识的Lag v.，n.延迟Lagging n.滞后Lagging n.滞后，迟滞Lag n.滞后Lagrangian 拉格朗日的Laminated adj.分层的，叠片的Landslide n.泥石流Laplace transformation拉普拉斯变换Lapse n.（时间等）流逝Latch v.抓住，占有；n.寄存器Latching current 闭锁电流Latentheat潜伏热Latticework n.格子Layout n.布置，规划，设计，敷设Lead n.导线Lead n.引线Leading adj.超前的Lead n.超前Leakage current 漏电流Leakage n.漏Lease v.出租Least-significant bit （msb）最低有效位Liapunov 李亚普诺夫Limit cycle 极限环Line to line voltage 线电压Linear vector space 线性矢量空间Linearization n.线性化Linearization n.线性化Linearization n.线性化Load flow 潮流Load tap changer 负载抽头开关转换器Local communication networks 局域网Localization n.定位Locally stable 局域稳定Location n.（存储）单元Look-up table 查询表Loop current 回路电流Lumped adj.集中的Lumped parameter 集中参数Lumped adj.集总的Machine tool 机床Magnetic tape drive 磁带机Magnitude n.幅值Mammography n.胸部透视Mandatory adj.命令的，强制的，托管的Manipulate v.处理Manipulatedvariable操纵量Manipulator n.操纵型机器人，机器手Marshaled n.整顿，配置Matrix algebra 矩阵代数Matrix n.矩阵Matrix n.矩阵；pl.MatricesMct mos控制晶闸管Mechanical power 机械功率Mechanism n.机理（制），作用，原理Mechanize v.使机械化Mediumaccesscontrol（MAC）媒质访问控制Memory-mapped adj.存储器映射的（统一编址）Menial adj.仆人的Merit n.优点；指标，准则Mesh n.网孔Metadata n.元数据Methanol n.甲醇Micro/nano robot 微/纳米机器人Micro-manipulation n.微操作Millennium n.一千年Mimic v.模仿，学样儿Minimize v.（使）最小化Minimum phase 最小相位Mirror v.镜像Misinterpretation n.曲解，误译Misleading indication导致错误的读数Missile n.导弹Model n.模型v.建模Modeling n.建模Moderate adj.缓和的Modification n.修正，修改Modulating n.调制Momenta n.动量，冲量Monolithic adj.单片的More or less 或多或少Most-significant bit（msb）最高有效位Moveable-pointerindicator动针式仪表Moveable-scaleindicator动圈式仪表MRAC模型参考自适应控制MRP=MaterialRequirementsplanning制造资源计划Multiplexer n.多路器（开关）Multiplication n.复合性Multiply v.加倍，倍增Multipointindictor多点式仪表Multirange indictor 多量程式仪表Multistage adj.多级的，多步的Multivariable adj.多变量的Multivariable n.多变量Mundane adj.平凡的N-dimensionaladj.N维的Net n.净值；adj.净值的Network n.网络，电路Network n.网络，电路Neural network 神经网络Neuron n.神经元Neutral adj.中性的；n.中性线Nitrogen n.氮Nonlinear adj.非线性的Nonsalient adj.非凸起的，隐藏的Notch n.换向点，换极点Nullify v.无效Numerical adj.数值（字）的Numerical adj.数字的Observability n.能观性Observable adj.可观测的Obsolete adj.废弃的，淘汰的，过时的Ochronous n.同步的，等时的Octal adj.八进制的Odd multiple 奇数倍Off-peak adj.非高峰的Offset n.静差Ohm n.欧姆Omit v.省略On the order of 属于同类的，约为Onboard adj.随车携带的Ongoing v.使机械化Onlinetransactionprocessing（OLTP）联机事务处理Opcode n.操作吗Opening n.开度Open-loop n.开环Operand n.操作数Operationalmathematics 工程数学Optimal control 最优控制Optimal control 最优控制Order n.阶Ordinary differentialequation 常微分方程Organism n.生物体，有机体Orifice n.孔，口Origin n.原点Originate v.发生Oscillation n.振荡Oscillatory adj.振荡的Outage n.暂时停电Outline n.轮廓；v.提出……的要点Output device 输出设备Overdamped adj.过阻尼的Overlap v.，n.重叠Override v.，n.超过，压倒Overshoot n.超调Overshoot n.超调量Overwhelming adj.压倒一切的Package n.包Parallel n.类似Parameter n.参数Partial differential equation 偏微分方程Partial fraction expansion 部分分式展开式Particular solution 特解Passionate adj.激烈的Passive adj.被动的，无源的Passive network 无源网络Patch v.修补Patternrecognition模式识别Patternrecognition模式识别Peak time 峰值时间Pedal n.踏板Performance criteria 性能指标Performance index 性能指标Periodic adj.周期性的Peripheral n.外围设备，外设Periphery n.外围Permanent-magnet dc motor 永磁直流电动机Personnel n.人员，职员Phase controlled 相控的Phase n.状态，相位Phase sequence 相序Phase-lag n.相位滞后Phase-lead n.相位超前Phase-lockedloops锁相环Phase-plane equation相平面方程Philosophy n.原理，原则Photosynthesis n.光合作用Photovoltaic adj.光电的Piecewise adj.分段的Piecewisecontinuous分段连续Piggy-back adj.背负式的Pilot n.飞行员Planningapplication规划申请Plant n.机器，设备被控对象Plot v.绘图；n.曲线图Pneumatic adj.气动的Pneumatic adj.气动的Polar plot 极坐标图Polarity n.极性Polarity n.极性Pole-top n.杆顶Poll v.登记，通信，定时询问Polling n.轮询Pollutant n.污染物质Polymer n.聚合物Polynomial n.多项式Porcelain adj.陶制的Portability n.轻便Portrait n.描述Portrait n.肖像，描写，型式Positive definite 正定Postindustrial adj.后工业的Potassium n.钾Potential n.（电）势Power boost 功率推助装置Power factor 功率因数Power mosfet 电力mosfet场效应晶体管Powerplant发电厂Preact v.；n.超前；提前修正量Precursor n.先驱Predictable adj.可断定的Prediction n.矛盾Predominance n.优势Predominantly adv.卓越地，突出地Preferences n.参数选择Preloadable adj.预载的Preset adj.事先调整的Prevalent adj.流行的Prevent…From doing使……不……Primary storage（memory）主存储器Prime mover 原动机Principal adj.主要的Private lan 专用局域网Probability theory 概率论Procedure n.程序，过程Processor n.处理器Product n.乘积Proliferate v.激增Prominent adj.卓越的，突出的Property n.性质Proponent n.提倡者Proportional to 与……成正比Propulsion n.推进，推进力Protocol n.协议Protocol n.协议Prototype n.原型（机）Prototype n.原型Proximitysensor 接近传感器Psdn 公共交换数据网Pulsate v.脉动，跳动，振动Pulse-width modulation脉宽调制Punctuation n.标点符号Pyrometric adj.高温测量的Quadrant n.象限Quadratic adj.二次的；n.二次方程Quadratic adj.二次方的Quadrature encoder 正交编码器Qualitatively adv.定性地Quasi adj.近似的Quench v.熄灭Queuing theory 排队论R&D=ResearchandDevelopment研究与开发Rack n.架子，导轨Radically adv.完全地Radioactive adj.放射性的，有辐射能的Radiologist n.放射线专家Radius n.半径Radix n.权Random adj.随机的Rated adj.额定的，设定的，适用的Rationale n.理论，原理的阐述Reachability n.能达到性Reactiveorganicgas反应性有机气体Real axis 实轴Real estate 不动产Real-time adj.实时的Reason v.推理Reboot n.重新启动Rechargeable adj.可再充电的Recloser n.自动重合闸装置（开关）Recognition n.认识Recovery n.恢复Rectification n.整流Rectifier n.整流器Recurrent adj.再发生的，循环的Redundancy n.冗余Redundancy n.冗余Regulate v.调整Regulatorycontrol调节控制Reinvent v.彻底改造Relay n.继电器Relay n.继电器Relentlessly adv.无情地，残酷地Relevance n.关联Remainder n.余数Renewable adj.可再生的Represent v.代表，表示，阐明Representation n.表示符号Request n.请求Reserve capacity 储备功率Resetrate复位速率Resettime复位时间Residentialproperty住宅物业Resistance n.阻抗Resistor n.电阻器Resolution n.分辨率Resonance n.共振，共鸣Responsiveness n.响应Retrieval n.取回Retrieval n.取回，补偿，提取Retrieve v.检索Retrofit v.更新，改进Retrospectively adv.回顾地Reusability n.可用性Reveal v.显现，揭示Reverse biased 反向偏置Reverse v.，n.反转；adj.变换极性的Revolution n.旋转Rheostat n.变阻器Rigidity n.严格Rigorous adj.严密的，精确的Rim n.边，轮缘Ripple n.波纹，波动RISC=ReductionInstructionSetComputer精简指令集计算机Rise time 上升时间Rms=root-mean-square有效值，方均根Robotics n.机器人学，机器人技术Root locus gain 根轨迹增益Rotating-dialindicator旋盘式仪表Rotating-drumindicator旋鼓式仪表Rotor n.转子Routh criterion 劳斯判据Routines n.程序Rugged adj.结实的，耐用的Sabotage n.破坏Salient adj.凸起的，突出的Sample v.采样Sample-and-hold n.采样保存Sampled-data n.采样数据Saturation n.饱和Saturation n.饱和Saturation n.饱和Scalability n.可测量性Scalar adj.数量的，标量的；n.数量，标量Scale n.刻度Schedule v.调度Scheme n.方法，形式，示意图Schottky diode 肖基特二极管SCM=SupplyChainManagement供应链管理Seamless adj.无缝的Secondary storage（memory）辅助存储器Secure adj.可靠的，放心的，无虑的Semicircle n.半圆形Semiconductor n.半导体Semigraphic adj.半图解的Semilog paper 半对数坐标（纸）Sensor n.传感器Sensor n.传感器Series-wound dc motor串励直流电动机Servo control system 伺服控制系统Servocontrol伺服控制Servo n.伺服Settling time 调节时间Shaft n.转轴Shared resource 共享资源Shifting theorem 平移定理Shunt-wound dc motor并励直流电动机Shutdown v.关闭Sign n.符号Signal-precision adj.单精度的Significance n.意义Silicon n.硅Simplicity n.简单Simulation n.仿真Simultaneously adv.同时地Sinusoidal adj.正弦的Sit 静态感应晶体管Sketch v.，n.（绘）草图，素描Slew rate 转换速度Slip n.转差（率）Slop n.斜率Slot n.槽Sluggish adj.惰性的，缓慢的Smps 开关电流Snubber n.缓冲器，减震器Socket n.插座Socket n.插座Solarcollector太阳能集热器Solidoutput可靠输出Soma n.体细胞Sophisticated adj.非常复杂的、精密或尖端的Sophisticated adj.复杂精密的Span n.测量范围Spatial adj.空间的Specification n.（复）规格Spectrum n.（光）谱，领域，范围Speechrecognition语音识别Spill n.溢出Split adj.分离的Spool v.绕；n.卷筒，线圈，阀柱Spring n.弹簧Sprinkler n.洒水车，洒水精选文库装置Spur v.刺激Sql 结构化查询语言Squarerootextractor开方器Square-wave n.方波Startup n.启动State variable 状态变量State-controllable adj.状态可控（制）的Stationary adj.静态的Stator n.定子Statusquo n.现状Steady-state n.稳态Steady-state 稳态Step motor n.步进电动机Step n.阶跃（信号）Stepper motor 步进电动机Stereotyped adj.僵化的Stiff current source 恒流源Stiff voltage source 恒压源Stimulus n.刺激，鼓励Stochastic adj.随机的Stored program 存储程序Straight-forward adj.直截了当的，简单的Strategic adj.战略的Strategy n.方法Strobe v.选通，发选通脉冲Subharmonics n.次谐波Suboptimal adj.次优的Subscript n.下标，脚注，索引Subsequent adj.后序的Substation load transfer 变电站负荷转移Substation n.变电站Substitute n.代替Substitution n.代替Succeed v.继……之后，接替Successiveapproximation 逐次逼近Superconductive adj.超导的Superimposed adj.有层次的Superposition n.叠加Superposition n.叠加Supersede v.取代Supervision n.监督，管理Supervision n.监视Supplementary adj.辅助的Suppress v.抑制Susceptive adj.对……敏感的；易受……影响的Suspend v.悬挂Sustain v.维持Switched reluctancemachine 开关磁阻电机Symbolic adj.符号的，记号的Symmetric adj.对称的Symmetrical adj.对称的Synapse n.神经键Synchronous condenser同步调相机Synchronous machine同步电机Synchronous speed 同步转速Synthesis n.综合System crash 系统崩溃Tackle v.处理Tactic n.策略Tactilesensor触觉传感器Tangent adj.切线的，正切的；n.切线，正切Tectonic adj.构造的，建筑的Temperaturedrift温度漂移Temporal adj.暂时的Tenant n.承租人Terminal n.终端Terminal n.终端（机）Terminology n.术语Terminology n.主流The theory of residues余数定理Theme n.题目，主题，论文Theoretically adv.理论上的Thereof adv.将它（们）Thermocouple n.热电偶Thermodynamics n.热力学Thermostat n.恒温器Thermostat n.自动调温器Thevenin impedance 隔离变压器Threshold n.门极，阀限，极限Threshold n.阀Throttle v.调节（阀门）Throttle v.调节（阀门），用（阀门）调节Thyratron n.闸流管Thyristor n.晶闸管Time-invariant adj.时不变的Time-of-day n.日历时钟Tip n.顶端Tolerant adj.容忍的，容忍的Topology n.拓扑Topology n.拓扑结构Touchsensor接触传感器Trade deficit 贸易赤字Trade off 换取Trail-and-error n.试凑法Trajectories n.轨迹，弹道Trajectory n.轨迹Trajectory n.轨迹Trajectory n.轨迹，轨道Trajectory n.轨迹Transducer n.传感器，变换器Transducer n.传感器Transfer function 传递函数Transformer n.变压器Transient adj.暂态的，瞬态的，过渡的Transistor n.晶体管Transmitter n.热敏电阻Transparency n.透明Transputer n.晶片机Trapezoidal adj.梯形的Tray n.盘子Trench n.电缆沟Triac n.三端双向晶闸管Triangular adj.三角的Turbine n.涡轮Turbine n.涡轮Turn n.匝数Tutorial adj.指导性的Tutorial n.个人辅导Ultimate adj.临界的Unauthorized adj.未授权的，未批准的Underdamped adj.欠阻尼的Undergo v.经历Underlying adj.根本的Uniform adj.一致的Uniform adj.一致的Unilateral fourierintegral 单边傅里叶积分Unity feedback system单位反馈系统精选文库Unparalleled adj.无比的，空前的Upset n.干扰Uranium n.铀Utility n.公用事业设备Vague adj.含糊的，不清楚的Valid adj.有效力的Valve n.阀门Var 静态无功功率Variable n.变量Variable adj.变化的，可变的；n.变量Variable-speed adj.变速的Variant adj.不同的，替换的Variational adj.变化的，变种的Vector n.矢量Vendor n.卖主，供应商Versus prep.……对……Vertically adv.垂直地Very large scale integrated circuits（vlsi）超大规模集成电路Via prep.经由Vice versa 反之亦然VideoCassetteRecorder （VCR）录像机Violently adv.激烈地VIP=veryimportantperso nVirtual reality 虚拟现实Vista n.展望Volatile adj.易变的Volcano n.火山Voltage drop 电压降Voltage-fed inverter 电压源型逆变器Vortices n.Vortex 的复数，旋转体（面）Vrm 变磁阻电机VSS变结构系统Vulnerability n.弱点Weight n.权Whisk v.飞奔White paper 白皮书Winding adj.缠绕的；n.线圈，绕组Wiring n.配线With respect to 相对于Word length 字长Words and terms Workhorse n.重载，重负荷Workstation n.工作站Wound-rotor n.绕线转子Wye n.Y形联结，星形联结，三通Xml 可扩展标记语言Yaw n.偏航Yield v.推导出，得出Yoghurt n.乳酸酪。
英语作文-数字化时代下的电子乐器制造业：音乐产业的新引擎推动力
英语作文-数字化时代下的电子乐器制造业：音乐产业的新引擎推动力In the digital age, the music industry has been revolutionized by the advent of electronic musical instruments, which have become a new driving force in the sector. The manufacturing of these instruments has not only transformed the way music is produced and performed but also how it is consumed by the audience.The digital revolution has paved the way for electronic instruments to become more accessible, affordable, and versatile. Synthesizers, drum machines, and digital pianos are just a few examples that have altered the landscape of music production. These instruments have enabled musicians to explore new sonic territories, creating sounds that were once impossible to achieve with traditional acoustic instruments.The manufacturing process of electronic musical instruments has also seen significant advancements. With the integration of cutting-edge technology, manufacturers can now produce high-quality instruments that are both user-friendly and durable. The use of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) has streamlined the production process, allowing for precision and consistency in the final product.Moreover, the rise of software-based instruments and music production tools has opened up new possibilities for creators. Digital audio workstations (DAWs) and virtual instruments have become staples in the music creation process, offering an endless array of sounds and effects at the fingertips of the user. This democratization of music production tools has led to a surge in independent music creation, with artists now able to produce studio-quality music from the comfort of their homes.The impact of electronic musical instruments extends beyond production; it has also influenced the performance aspect of music. Live performances have been enhanced with the use of electronic instruments, allowing artists to deliver more dynamic and visually engaging shows. The integration of MIDI controllers, samplers, and sequencers enablesperformers to trigger complex arrangements and manipulate sounds in real-time, providing a more immersive experience for the audience.Furthermore, the environmental aspect of electronic instrument manufacturing is also noteworthy. Many companies are now adopting sustainable practices, using recycled materials and reducing waste in their production processes. This shift towards eco-friendly manufacturing not only benefits the environment but also resonates with the values of the modern consumer, who is increasingly conscious of their ecological footprint.In conclusion, the manufacturing of electronic musical instruments in the digital age has indeed become a new engine driving the music industry forward. It has not only changed the way music is made and experienced but has also contributed to the growth of the industry by enabling more people to participate in music creation. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect electronic musical instruments to play an even more significant role in shaping the future of music. 。
超声变幅杆设计资料之欧阳美创编
毕业设计（论文）开题报告时间：2021.01.01创作：欧阳美题 目 超声变幅杆及其性能参数测试平台设计学院机械工程学院专业机械设计制造及其自动化姓名班级学号指导教师 一、课题研究的依据和意义1.1 超声变幅杆综述超声加工是利用超声振动的工具在有磨料的液体介质或干 磨料中产生磨料的冲击、抛磨、液压冲击及由此产生的气蚀来 去除材料，或给工具或工件沿一定方向施加超声频振动进行加 工，或利用超声振动使工件相互结合的加工方法[1]。
如图 1.1。
图 1.1 超声加工示意图[2] 近几十年以来，超声加工，包括复合加工的发展极为迅速，工欧阳美创编 2021.01.01欧阳美创编 2021.01.01艺技术在深小孔加工、难加工材料加工方面有极为广泛的应 用，尤其是在难加工材料领域解决了很多的技术问题，得到了 良好的效果。
难加工材料的研究促进了超声加工技术的发展， 从而进一步促进了新材料的发展，不难发现，超声加工技术的 应用会越来越广泛[3]。
而本课题所要研究的超声变幅杆是超声波振动系统中一个 重要的组成部分。
它与超声波换能器一起共同组成了超声波振 子。
超声波换能器是一种能把高频电能转化为机械能的装置， 超声波变幅杆是一个无源器件，本身不产生振动，只是将超声 波换能器输入的振动改变振幅后再传递出去，完成了阻抗变 换。
超声波换能器在合适的电场激励下能产生有规律的振动，其振 幅一般在 10 m左右，这样的振幅要直接完成焊接和加工工序是 远远不够的。
因此将换能器合理地连接一个超声变幅杆，超声 波的振幅便能在很大的范围内变化，只要材料强度足够，振幅 可以超过 100 m 。
超声波变幅杆亦可起到提高振速比、提高效 率，提高机械品质因数，加强耐热性，扩大适应温度范围，延 长换能器的使用寿命的作用。
超声波换能器通过安装变幅杆(超 声波变幅器)调整了换能器与超声波工具头之间的负载匹配，减 小了谐振阻抗，使其在谐振频率工作提高了电声转换效率，有 效降低了超声波换能器的发热量，提高使用寿命。
英国留学自我介绍范文
英国留学自我介绍范文从今年的形式来看，申请英国留学的学生竞争十分激烈，更有学校一夜之间提高了录取要求。
英国留学申请材料中的个人介绍，无疑是申请人向学校推荐自己的最好机会。
下面店铺为你带来英国留学自我介绍范文的内容，希望你们喜欢。
关于英国留学自我介绍范文篇一(English Personal Statement)I have a few strong passions in life; Indie music, Chelsea FC and literature. Since there are no university courses for the former two my decision concerning what to study at university is a simple one. ' The only people for me are the mad ones, the ones mad to live' was once said by Jack Kerouac in his work On The Road; the opportunity to experience living while studying amongst some of the finest literary minds in the country is overwhelmingly exciting for me. Ifeel that for too long I have been confined to my suburban prison where my talent for English Literature is being wasted amongst the desolate, uninspiring confines of Mid Bedfordshire. Moreover, sidestepping the risk of sounding arrogant, I have been told I possess a flair for the subject and my grades would certainly suggest so.The subjects I took for my AS levels were English Literature, History, Government and Politics and Communication Studies. For my A levels I decided to stop taking Communication Studies as I deemed it was best to focus on three subjects. Nevertheless, I believe that all three of these subjects have contributed more understanding to my knowledge of English Literature. History，for example, has aided my ability to pick out key points within text and also contextualise any written work I may be asked to study. Government and Politics has taught me many political philosophies that are evident in literary works, for example inYear 12 we studied the play Translations which is littered with Nationalist and Imperialist viewpoints. Communications Studies revealed to me a whole new dictionary of ideologies I wasn't previously aware of. Another benefit of taking these subjects is that they are all examined by both coursework and timed exams. This means that through hours of practice and familiarisation I have refined my exam st year I was also fortunate enough to be selected to participate in a scheme organized by my school and the University of Bedford. It gave us the opportunity to get a glimpse of university life as I attended a number of lectures and achieved 15 points towards a potential degree through coursework I took part in. This was certainly an enlightening experience that will undoubtedly stand me in very good stead for the initial adjustment period that accompanies the beginning of university life. This year I have been selected to take part in the Advance Extension Award. Not only is this a fantastic boost to my student repertoire but also the course itself should further aid my ability to realize my full potential in the subject. When I achieve the required potential and finish my degree I have ambitions to utilise my skills as writer of some kind, preferably an author or a poet. My literary heroes are Thomas Hardy, John Keats, The Smiths lyricist Morrissey and my personal favourite Oscar Wilde. It is my dream to one day have my name illuminated in history as a writer who has inspired people in the same way these and other writers have inspired me. Lastly, to quote Wilde; 'consistency is the last refuge of the unimaginative'. As a student I am anything but consistent when it comes to the studying of literature. Of course by this I don't mean I can be as equally brilliant as awful, the Dorian Gray within me will tell you I am never awful, what I am articulating is that I bring my ownideas to the subject and do not simply regurgitate answers that are well documented already. That is not to say that I do not thoroughly research and acknowledge the criticism of the works I study but in my opinion English Literature is an innovative subject where interpretation and creativity should dominate. Studying English Literature at university offers me a chance to showcase my love for literature and flourish. The Smiths had a hit song once called Ask and the chorus goes 'ask me, ask me, ask me.' Please do.关于英国留学自我介绍范文篇二(Law Personal Statement ) English, being the most diverse language in the world in terms of vocabulary range and one of the most heavily influenced by other cultures, makes for fascinating study and usage.Drawing influences from Celtic, West Germanic dialects, Latin, Greek and French to name but a few make the English language riveting both in terms of use and etymology. The almost ambiguous way writers can create texts that can evoke completely opposite emotions with the same language. Shakespeare created an initially pitiable character of Macbeth and transformed him into a detestable shell of humanity. Whereas, Bront created Jane Eyre who you genuinely empathised with. The ability to construct these characters and real emotions from words is truly amazing. The ability to express yourself clearly and concisely is important in any course and work of life and my part time work in the garden centre Dobbies has helped develop my communication skills. This involved working with customers often in problematic situations,listening, explaining and solving problems or queries they may have. This also involved working with and around other employees which has developed my team working skills. I have also been given theopportunity to help train a new employee by having them shadow with me,this involved a large amount of communication between myself and the new member of staff as the learning curve is at times rather steep. This too shows the trust my employers have in my competence of work. For years I have played rugby at various levels, from school and club to district. In S2 playing with West of Scotland and winning the Scottish Championship with myself being awarded Man of the Match. The responsibility of playing at a high level has taught me the importance and ability of effective teamwork and when need be the aptitude to exercise confident leadership. I have in recent months, in my spare time began to teach myself British Sign Language through resources from the internet and material from local libraries. This challenges my time keeping as, although, I have a strong willingness to learn but have to balance my learning around other work for school and activities. Slightly over a year ago,18 other pupils and I were involved in an expedition to Peru.This was funded by a year of fundraising, the extra work required greatly developed my determination and resolve to achieve my goals. The charity work completed on our expedition included the construction of a new room for a school in a small village called Cachicatta.This work contributed to my progress of attaining my Millennium Volunteer Silver Award which the voluntary work in Peru has contributed to. Sports, other than rugby, play a large part in my life. I enjoy running recreationally but have previously I have competed at a high level in athletics competing for a Scottish Pentathlon team against England, Ireland, Northern Ireland and Wales. I too enjoy Judo;although relatively new to the sport I find the challenge of learning greatly enjoyable. Music is important to my life, bothlistening and playing. I play both electric and acoustic guitar both at a fairly moderate level. I too enjoy listening to a wide variety of music and support many artists both local and well established. 关于英国留学自我介绍范文篇三(Journalism personal statement) The media's the most powerful entity on earth. An interesting quote from Malcolm X, who also claimed, Without education, you're not going anywhere in this world. I wish to combine these two passions and follow my ambition to become a journalist by continuing my studies into Higher Education. It is well known that power attracts and I, like many others, have become enchanted by the power of the written and spoken word. This fascination has created a deep interest in writing, and Journalism provides the perfect outlet to develop my skills. Ive heard enough about the media industry to realise that experience is everything, and as Sixth Form Reporter on the College committee, I gain regular experience of journalistic writing and meeting deadlines. I have written for the official college Network, which is sent home to parents, and the Student Newspaper. When selecting my A Level subjects, I seemed drawn to essay based courses. I enjoy writing and the courses undoubtedly helped my writing skills. However, I was required to make the opening of a film in Media, which was an experience to say the least! It increased my interest in Broadcast Journalism. Until that moment, I only had eyes for Print. Creative writing has always been one of my favourite aspects of English, and the coursework gave me the chance to write in whichever style I chose, one piece was a newspaper feature on Chelsea Football Club. I have always been interested in Sports Writing and Im considering specialising in it at a later date. I have chosen to continue four of my five AS Levels onto A2, even though it wasnot necessary. I have always found Psychology quite challenging as it involves deep levels of critical analysis, so I decided to carry on as I find it extremely intriguing. The different theories as to why humans do the things they do, attract me because I am interested in how people act, though one could hardly call me an anthropologist! My main priorities are English, Media and Sociology as I feel they will aid me most in my ambition, although I still find Psychology a fascinating subject. I have often said that nothing is impossible, yet asking me to name my favourite book is asking too much. Some much-loved literature includes The Hobbit, Gone With The Wind, and Jane Eyre. In my opinion a good novel should evoke a variety of emotions from beginning to end. Music may not be my first love, but it is definitely one of my passions; I have high passes in grade 3 flute, singing, and grade 5 piano. Like my literary tastes, my choice of music is eclectic; I like anything from hip-hop to classical, soul to rock, and past to present. I also love Black history, musicals, and icons of film and music, such as Audrey Hepburn, John Lennon, and Sinatra. Lennon once said, We all want to change the world, I empathise with this view and seek to achieve it using my chosen profession and the power of the media.关于英国留学自我介绍范文篇四(Accounting & Finance personal statement)Since studying Business at GCSE level and Economics at AS level, I have developed an interest in the role of finance within businesses. Alongside my studies at school, I have also taken inspiration from my involvement in my father's part-time business. I have helped deal with some financial aspects of this business, including banking and completing annual accounts, from which I have developed several skills in working with figuresand the ability to accurately handle, organise and analyse information. From this experience, I am intrigued to learn more about finance and accounting. Currently, I am studying A levels in Psychology, Geography and English Literature. I chose not to continue Economics to A2 level as the specific aspects of my other courses were much more relevant to my personal interests. Each of these subjects has given me valuable knowledge and understanding which I can apply to many other general areas. Studying Psychology has given me an insight into behaviours and attitudes in everyday involvement with people, both relatives and friends as well as within society in general. The human aspects of my Geography course have provided me with the ability to better understand important issues on a global scale. In studying literature I have learnt to communicate ideas more clearly and confidently, both in speech and in writing. Outside of school, I enjoy reading both fiction books, mostly classic novels, mysteries, science fiction and fantasy, and non-fiction texts, generally including information about natural history and the economy. I read everyday as this is something that I find beneficial to improve my general knowledge and provides me with an opportunity to spend some time on my own. In addition to this, I have an enthusiasm for computing. I am familiar with using spreadsheets, word processors and creative software and I am also learning aspects of web design. In recent years I have learnt skills from my brother, who is a computer programmer, and I am always eager to teach myself new things. As an individual, I have always aspired to higher education at university as I have a positive and committed attitude to learning new things. The idea of moving on from school life and taking on the challenge of a degree course provides me with motivationand determination to succeed. From studying at university, I intend to develop my personal characteristics and skills and learn to apply the knowledge I gain to pursue a career in an accounting or financial profession.。
Quad Z Series Z 1 Z 2 Z 3 Z 4 Z C Quad Z Series 扬声
Quad Z Series is the premier moving coil speaker range from Quad – the originators of ‘The Closest Approach To The Original Sound’.It was way back in the mono days of 1949 that Quad launched its first loudspeaker – the Corner Ribbon. The Corner Ribbon offered something special, a particularly clear and detailed upper midrange/treble performance from a large and delicate ribbon driver. Plaudits abounded from the press and everyone who heard the Corner Ribbon. The Gramophone observed that the Corner Ribbon’s ‘…smoothness, naturalness, and fidelity of reproduction has yet to be surpassed and, with very few exceptions, even approached.’And that was in 1949! So, the question is, can Quad engineers replicate this performance today, or even surpass it? The answer, not surprisingly, is YES.One of the problems with the original Corner Ribbon was that the ribbon unit was very fragile and handled low power only. As we know, Peter Walker, Quad’s originator, moved quickly on to develop the world’s first full range, push-pull Electrostatic speaker.So, to make a ribbon unit that handled today’s high power amplifiers was no mean task. The Z Series ribbon accomplishes this by utilizing a composite ribbon sandwich substrate that is far more robust than earlier designs and immerses this ribbon in an exceptionally strong magnetic field to yield ultra-high sensitivity.Unlike conventional dome treble units, where the voice coil ‘motor’ is attached separately to the diaphragm, Z Series ribbon is both the diaphragm and the motor system. The result is a unique combination of delicacy, smoothness and hear-through performance that helps make music sing.In the Z series floorstanders this advanced ribbon unit is married to an equally high performance midrange driver with a unique double-roll-surround especially designed to control edge breakup and give equal transparency to the all important vocal range. Both midrange and bass drivers feature Quad’s woven Kevlar cone geometry, now matched by the double-roll-surround for the same smoothness and clarity offered by the ribbon treble unit. The bass section, similar to the original Corner Ribbon, utilizes an acoustic filter bass reflex system that maintains the natural and unforced reproduction right down to the lowest frequencies of a symphony orchestra.And, of course, putting it all together is a phase-compensated Acoustic Butterworth crossover that is the result not only of Computer Aided Design but also hundreds of hours of critical listening tests using all types and flavours of music.We don’t need to describe the skilfully hand veneered cabinets as just to look at Z Series will give you a taste of how the furniture quality woodwork will look in your living room. Quad Z Series – beautiful performance and looks combined, for ‘The Closest Approach To The Original Sound’.General description Enclosure typeTransducer complementBass driverMidrange driverTreble driverAV shieldSensitivity (1W @ 1m) Recommended amplifier power Peak power handlingPeak SPLNominal impedance Minimum impedance Frequency response (+/-3dB) Bass extension (-6dB) Crossover frequencyCabinet Volume (in litres) Dimensions (mm)Height (on plinth & spikes) Width DepthCarton sizeNet weightFinishStandard accessories bookshelfbass reflex2-way150mm black glass fibre cone90x12mm true ribbonNo86db40-150w100w102dB8Ω4.6Ω56Hz - 20kHz48Hz3.4KHz10L383mm219mm283mm580x360x490mm8.5 kg/pcsBlack Piano / RosewoodPiano/White Pianouser manual, certificateZ1bookshelfbass reflex2-way175mm black glass fibre cone90x12mm true ribbonNo84db40-200w120w102dB8Ω4.6Ω50Hz - 20kHz45Hz3.4KHz15L421mm243mm329mm630x410x530mm10.5 kg/pcsBlack Piano / RosewoodPiano/White Pianouser manual, certificateZ2General description Enclosure typeTransducer complementBass driverMidrange driverTreble driverAV shieldSensitivity (1W @ 1m) Recommended amplifier power Peak power handlingPeak SPLNominal impedance Minimum impedance Frequency response (+/-3dB) Bass extension (-6dB) Crossover frequencyCabinet Volume (in litres) Dimensions (mm)Height (on plinth & spikes) Width DepthCarton sizeNet weightFinishStandard accessoriesFloor-standingbass reflex3-way2 x 175mm black glass fibre cone150mm black glass fibre cone90x12mm true ribbonNo89db60-250w150w110dB6Ω3.8Ω50Hz - 20kHz45Hz450Hz 3.6KHz34L965mm267mm340mm1060x460x395mm21.5 kg/pcsBlack Piano / RosewoodPiano/White Pianouser manual, certificate,spike seatZ3Floor Centre SpeakerBass Reflex2-way150mm Woven Kevlar Cone x290 x 12mm true ribbonNo91db40-200W150w102dB8Ω Compatible4.0Ω65Hz - 20kHz60Hz2.7KHz15.5L232mm545mm275mm650mmx360mmx350mm11 kg/pcsBlack Piano / Rosewood Piano/White Pianostand base, user manual, certificate -standingbass reflex3-way3 x 175mm black glass fibre cone150mm black glass fibre cone90x12mm true ribbonNo90db60-250w180w115dB4Ω3.6Ω47Hz - 20kHz40Hz300Hz 3.5KHz43L1175mm267mm340mm1270x460x395mm26.5 kg/pcsBlack Piano / Rosewood Piano/White Pianouser manual, certificate,spike seatZ Z Centre4。
设计专业英文名称(改后)
设计专业英文名称1 传播 Communication2 群众传播 Mass Communication3 媒体 Media4 群众传播媒体 Mass Media5 视觉传播 Visual Communication6 听觉传播 Hearing Communication7 信息 Information8 符号 Sign9 视觉符号 Visual Sign10 图形符号 Graphic Symbol11 符号论 Semiotic12 象征 Symbol13 象征标志 Symbol Mark14 音响设计 Acoustic Design15 听觉设计 Auditory Design16 听觉传播设计 Auditory Communication Design17 图像设计Visual Communication Design18 视觉设计 Visual Design19 视觉传播设计 Visual Communication Design20 图形设计 Graphic Design21 编辑设计 Editorial Design22 版面设计 Layout23 字体设计 Lettering24 CI设计 Corporate Identity Design25 宣传 Propaganda26 广告 Advertising27 广告委托人 Advertiser28 广告代理业 Advertising Agency29 广告媒体 Advertising Media30 广告目的 Advertising Objectives31 广告伦理 Morality of Advertising32 广告法规 Law of Advertising33 广告计划 Advertising Planning34 广告效果 Advertising Effect35 广告文案 Advertising Copy36 广告摄影 Advertising Photography37 说明广告 Informative Advertising38 招贴画海报 Poster39 招牌 Sign-board40 小型宣传册 Pamphlet 41 大型宣传册 Portfolio42 商品目录 Catalogue43 企业商报 House Organ44 户外广告 Outdoor Advertising45 POP广告Point of Purchase Advertising46 展示 Display47 橱窗展示 Window Display48 展示柜 Cabinet49 博览会 Exposition50 万国博览会 World Exposition51 包装 Packaging52 工业包装 Industrial Packing53 标签 Label54 企业形象 Corporate Image55 企业色 Company Color56 动画 Animation57 插图 Illustration58 书法 Calligraphy59 印刷 Initial60 设计费 design fee61 标准 standard62 注册商标 registered trade mark设计的分类〔英语〕1 设计 Design2 现代设计 Modern Design3 工艺美术设计 Craft Design4 工业设计 Industrial Design5 广义工业设计 Generalized Industrial Design6 狭义工业设计Narrow Industrial Design7 产品设计 Product Design8 传播设计 Communication Design8 环境设计 Environmental Design9 商业设计 Commercial Design10 建筑设计 Architectural11 一维设计 One-dimension Design12 二维设计 Tow-dimension Design13 三维设计 Three-dimension Design14 四维设计 Four-dimension Design15 装饰、装潢 Decoration16 家具设计 Furniture Design17 玩具设计 Toy Design18 室设计 Interior Design19 服装设计 Costume Design20 包装设计 Packaging Design21 展示设计 Display Design22 城市规划 Urban Design23 生活环境 Living Environment24 都市景观 Townscape25 田园都市 Garden City26 办公室风致 Office Landscape27 设计方法论 Design Methodology28 设计语言 Design Language29 设计条件 Design Condition30 结构设计 Structure Design31 形式设计 Form Design32设计过程 Design Process33 构思设计 Concept Design34 量产设计，工艺设计 Technological Design35 改型设计 Model Change36 设计调查 Design Survey37 事前调查 Prior Survey38 动态调查 Dynamic Survey39 超小型设计 Compact type40 袖珍型设计 Packable Type41 便携型设计 Portable type42 收纳型设计 Selfcontainning Design43 装配式设计 Knock Down Type44 集约化设计 Stacking Type45 成套化设计 Set (Design)46 家族化设计 Family (Design)47 系列化设计 Series (Design)48 组合式设计 Unit Design49 仿生设计 Bionics Design50 功能 Function51 独创性 Originality52 创造力 Creative Power53 外装 Facing54 创造性思维 Creating Thinking55 等价变换思维Equivalent Transformation Thought56 KJ法 Method of K.J57 戈顿法 Synectice58 集体创造性思维法 Brain Storming 59 设计决策 (Design) Decision Making60 T-W-M体系 T-W-M system61 O-R-M体系 O-R-M system62 印象战略 Image Strategy63 AIDMA原那么 Law of AIDMA64 功能分化 Functional Differentiation65 功能分析 Functional Analysis66 生命周期 Life Cycle67 照明设计 Illumination Design设计色彩方法〔英〕1 色 Color2 光谱 Spectrum3 物体色 Object Color4 固有色 Proper Color5 色料 Coloring Material6 色觉三色学说 Three-Component Theory7 心理纯色 Unique Color8 拮抗色学说 Opponent Color Theory9 色觉的阶段模型 Stage Model of the Color Perception10 色彩混合 Color Mixing11 根本感觉曲线Trisimulus Values Curves12 牛顿色环 Newton's Color Cycle13 色矢量 Color Vector14 三原色 Three Primary Colors 15 色空间 Color Space16 色三角形 Color Triangle17 测色 Calorimetry18 色度 Chromaticity19 XYZ表色系 XYZ Color System20 实色与虚色 Real Color and Imaginary Color21 色等式 Color Equation22 等色实验 Color Matching Experiment23 色温 Color Temperature24 色问轨迹 Color Temperature Locus25 色彩三属性Three Attributes and Color26 色相 Hue27 色相环 Color Cycle28 明度 Valve29 彩度 Chroma30 环境色 Environmental Color31 有彩色 Chromatic Color32 无彩色 Achromatic Colors33 明色 Light Color34 暗色 Dark Color35 中明色 Middle Light Color36 清色 Clear Color37 浊色 Dull Color38 补色 Complementary Color39 类似色 Analogous Color40 一次色 Primary Color41 二次色 Secondary Color42 色立体 Color Solid43 色票 Color Sample44 孟塞尔表色系Munsell’s Color System45 奥斯特瓦德表色系 Ostwald's Color System46 日本色研色体系PracticalColor Co-ordinate System47 色彩工程 Color Engineering48 色彩管理 Color Control49 色彩再现 Color Reproduction50 等色操作 Color Matching51 色彩的可视度 Visibility Color52 色彩恒常性 Color Constancy53 色彩的比照 Color Contrast54 色彩的同化 Color Assimilation55 色彩的共感性 Color Synesthesia56 暖色与冷色 Warm Color and Cold Color57 前进色与后退色Advancing Color Receding Color58 膨胀色与收缩色 Expansive Color and Contractile Color59 重色与轻色Heavy Color and Light Color60 色阶 Valeur61 色调 Color Tone62 暗调 Shade63 明调 Tint64 中间调 Halftone65 外表色Surface Color66 平面色 Film Color67 色彩调和 Color Harmony 68 配色 Color Combination69 孟塞尔色彩调和Munsell's Color Harmony70 奥斯特瓦德色彩调和 Ostwald's Color Harmony71 孟.斯本瑟色彩调和Moon. Spencer’s Color Harmony72 色彩的感情 Feeling of Color73 色彩的象征性 Color Symbolism 74 色彩的嗜好 Color Preference75 流行色 Fashion Color76 色彩的功能性 Color Functionalism77 色彩规划 Color Planning78 色彩调节 Color Conditioning79 色彩调整 Color Coordination80 色彩设计 Color Design设计美学与设计实验〔英〕1 美 Beauty2 现实美 acture Beauty3 自然美 Natural Beauty4 社会美Social Beauty5 艺术美 Artistic Beauty6 容与形式 Content and Form7 形式美 Formal Beauty8 形式原理 Principles and Form9 技术美 Beauty of Technology10 机械美 Beauty of Machine11 功能美 Functional Beauty12 材料美 Beauty of Material13 美学 Aesthetics14 技术美学 Technology Aesthetics15 设计美学 Design Aesthetics16 生产美学 Production Aesthetics17 商品美学 Commodity Aesthetics18 艺术 Art19 造型艺术 Plastic Arts20 表演艺术 Performance Art21 语言艺术 Linguistic Art22 综合艺术 Synthetic Arts23 实用艺术 Practical Art24 时间艺术 Time Art25 空间艺术Spatial Art26 时空艺术 Time and Spatial Art27 一维艺术 One Dimensional28 二维艺术 two Dimensional29 三维艺术 Three Dimensional30 四维艺术 Four Dimensional31 舞台艺术 Stagecraft32 影视艺术Arts of Movie and Television33 环境艺术 Environmental Art34 美术 Fine Arts35 戏剧Drama36 文学 Literature37 意匠 Idea38 图案 Pattern39 构思 Conception40 构图 Composition41 造型 Formation42 再现 Representation43 表现 Expression44 构成 Composition45 平面构成Tow Dimensional Composition46 立体构成Three Dimensional Composition47 色彩构成 Color Composition48 空间构成 Composition of Space49 音响构成 Composition and Sound50 多样与统一 Unity of Multiplicity51 平衡 Balance52 对称 Symmetry53 调和、和声 Harmony54 比照 Contrast55 类似 Similarity56 比例 Proportion57 黄金分割 Golden Section58 节奏 Rhythm59 旋律 Melody60 调子 Tone61 变奏 Variation62 纹样 Pattern63 形态 Form64 有机形态 Organic Form65 抽象形态 Abstract Form66 简化形态 Simplified Form67 变形 Deformation 68 图学 Graphics69 透视画法 Perspective70 线透视 Linear Perspective71 视点 Eye on Picture Plane72 灭点 Vanishing Point73 平行透视 Parallel Perspective74 成角透视 Angular Perspective75 斜透视 Oblique Perspective76 单点透视 Single Paint Perspective77 两点透视 Two-Point Perspective78 三点透视 Three-Point Perspective79 鸟瞰图 Bird's Eye View80 平面视图 Ground Plain81 轴侧投影 Axonometric Projection82 设计素描 Design Sketch83 预想图 Rendering84 模型 Model85 粘土模型 Clay Model86 石膏模型 Plaster Model87 木制模型 Wooden Model88 缩尺模型 Scale Model89 原大模型 Mock Up90 仿真模型 Finished Model91 制造原形 Prototype92 计算机图形学 Computer Graphics93 框架模型 Frame Model94 实体模型 Solid Model95 计算机辅助设计COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN96 计算机辅助制造Computer Aided Manufacture97 计算机三维动画Computer Three Dimensional Animation98 计算机艺术 Computer Arts99 计算机书法 Computer Calligraphy 100 计算机图象处理Computer Image Processing101 计算机音响构成Computer Sound Composition实验心理学与人机工程学〔英〕1 人类工程学 Human Engineering2 人机工程学 Man-Machine Engineering3 工效学 Ergonomic4 人因工程学 Human Factors Engineering5 人因要素 Human Factors6 人机系统 Man-Machine System7 人体工程学 Human Engineering8 人本位设计 Human Standard Design9 实验心理学 Experimental Psychology10 物理心理学 Psychophysics11 感觉 Sensation12 知觉 Perception13 感觉阙限 Threshold of Sensation14 心理量表 Psychological Scaling15 视觉 Visual Perception16 视觉通道 Visual Pathway17 听觉 Hearing Perception18 肤觉 Skin Sensation19 视觉心理学 Visual Psychology20 听觉心理学 Hearing Psychology21 感光元 Photoreceptor Cell22 明视、暗视、间视Photopic Vision ,Scotopic Vision , Mesopic Vision 23 光适应与暗适应 Photopic Adaptation and Scotopic Adaptation 24 格式塔，完形 Gestalt25 形状知觉 Shape Perception26 轮廓 Contour27 主观轮廓 Subjective Contour28 图形与背景 Figure and Ground29 图形与背景逆转 Reversible Figure30 良好形状法那么 Prinzip der Guten Gestalt31 群化 Grouping32 等质性法那么 Fsctor of Similarity33 伪装 Camouflage34 形状的恒常性 Shape Constancy35 大小的恒常性 Size Constancy36 空间知觉 Space Perception37 立体视 Stereopsis38 运动知觉 Movement Perception39 视错觉 Optical Illusion40 残像 After Image41 似动 Apparent Movement42 视觉后效 Aftereffects in Visual43 瀑布效应 Waterfall Effect44 视线记录仪 Eye Camera 45 听觉刺激 Auditory Stimulus46 声压 Sound Pressure47 声压水平 Sound Pressure Level48 频谱 Spectrum49 乐音与非乐音 Tone and Nontone50 噪声 Noise51 听觉阙限 Auditory Threshold52 响度 Loudness53 听觉掩蔽 Auditory Masking54 音乐心理学 Psychology of Music55 音响心理学 Psychology of Sound56 音的四属性 Four Attribute Sound57 音高 Pitch58 音色 Timbre59 力度 Loudness60 频率区分阙限 Difference Threshold of Frequency61 强度区分阙限 Difference Threshold of Loudness62 混响 Reverberation63 音源距离感 Distance Perception of Sound64 音源方位感 Orientation Perception of Sound65 立体声 Stereophony66 语言心理学 Psycholinguistics67 语言声谱 Language Spectrum68 语言清晰度 Articulation69 人体尺寸 Humanlady Size70 作业空间 Work Space71 模数 Module72 心理尺度 Psychological Measure73 动作分析 Motion Analysis74 时间研究 Time Study75 动作时间研究 Motion and Time Study76 时间动作轨迹摄影 Chronocyclegragh77 动迹 Traffic Line78 光迹摄影 Luminogram79 脑波 Brain Wave80 生物钟 Bio-o'clock81 睡眠 Sleep82 疲劳 Fatigue83 姿态 Body Posture84 皮肤电反响 Galvanic Skin Response85 临界闪烁频率Critical Flicker Frequency86 肌肉运动学 Kinesiology87 肌电图 Electromyography88 形态学 Morphology89 仿生学 Bionics90 人、环境系统 Man-Environment System91 照明 Illumination92 振动 Oscillate93 气候 Climate94 空气调节 Air Conditioning95 功能分配 Functional Allocation 设计生产经营与评价〔英〕1 工业工程学 Industrial Engineering2 工业心理学 Industrial Psychology3 科学管理法 Scientific Management4 生产管理 Production Control5 质量管理 Quality Control6 系统工程 System Engineering7 批量生产 Mass Production8 流水作业 Conveyer System9 互换式生产方式Interchangeable Production Method10 标准化 Standardization11 自动化 Automation12 市场调查 Market Research13 商品化计划 Merchandising14 产品开发 Product Development15 产品改型 Model Change16 产品测试 Product Testing17 产品本钱 Product Cost18 营销学 Marketing19 买方市场 Buyer's Market20 卖方市场 Seller's Marker21 促销 Sales Promotion22 适销 Marketability23 消费者 Consumer24 购置动机调查 Motivation Research25 深层面接法 Depth Interview26 销售热点 Selling Point27 卡通测试法 Cartoon Test28 产品形象 Product Image29 形象策略 Image Strategy 30 公共关系 Public Relations31 运筹学 Operations Research32 设计谋略 Design Policy33 艺术总监 Art Director 设计法规与标准〔英〕1 知识产权Intellectual Property2 著作权 Copyright3 工业产权 Industrial Property4 专利 Patent5 创造专利 Patent for Invention6 实用新型 Utility Model7 外观设计专利 Registation of Design8 注册商标 Registered Trade Mark9 广告法 Advertising Law10 反不正当竞争 Repression of Unfair Competition11 设计费 Design Fee12 标准 Standard13 德国工业标准 Deutsche Industry Norm 设计思潮与流派〔英〕1 学院派 Academicism2 理性主义 Rationalism3 非理性主义 Irrationalism4 古典主义 Classicism5 浪漫主义 Romanticism6 现实主义 Realism7 印象主义 Impressionism8 后印象主义 Postimpressionism9 新印象主义 Neo-Impressionism(法〕10 那比派 The Nabject11 表现主义 Expressionism12 象征主义 Symbolism13 野兽主义 Fauvism14 立体主义 Cubism15 未来主义 Futurism16 奥弗斯主义 Orphism17 达达主义 Dadaism(法)18 超现实主义 Surrealism19 纯粹主义 Purism20 抽象艺术 Abstract Art21 绝对主义，至上主义 Supremacism22 新造型主义 Neo-plasticism(法)23 风格派 De Stiji24 青骑士 Der Blaus Reiter25 抒情抽象主义 Lyric Abstractionism26 抽象表现主义 Abstract Expressionism27 行动绘画 Action Painting28 塔希主义 Tachisme(法)29 视幻艺术 Op Art30 活动艺术、机动艺术 Kinetic Art31 极少主义 Minimalism32 概念主义 Conceptualism33 波普艺术 Pop Art34 芬克艺术、恐惧艺术 Funk Art35 超级写实主义 Super Realism36 人体艺术 Body Art37 芝加哥学派 Chicago School38 艺术与手工艺运动 The Arts & Crafts Movement39 新艺术运动 Art Nouveau40 别离派 Secession41 构成主义 Constructivism42 现代主义 Modernism43 包豪斯 Bauhaus44 阿姆斯特丹学派 Amsterdam School45 功能主义 Functionalism46 装饰艺术风格 Art Deco(法)47 国际风格 International Style48 流线型风格 Streamlined Forms49 雅典宪章 Athens Charter50 马丘比丘宪章 Charter of Machu Picchu51 斯堪的纳维亚风格 Scandinavia Style52 新巴洛克风格 New Baroque53 后现代主义 Postmodernism54 曼菲斯 Memphis55 高技风格 High Tech56 解构主义 deconstructivism57 手工艺复兴 Crafts Revival58 准高技风格 Trans High Tech59 建筑风格 Architecture60 微建筑风格 Micro-Architecture61 微电子风格 Micro-Electronics62 晚期现代主义 Late Modernism实验心理学与人机工程学实验心理学与人机工程学1 人类工程学 Human Engineering2 人机工程学 Man-Machine Engineering3 工效学 ergonomics4 人因工程学 Human Factors Engineering5 人因要素 Human Factors6 人机系统 Man-Machine System7 人体工程学 Human Engineering8 人本位设计 Human Standard Design9 实验心理学 Experimental Psychology10 物理心理学 Psychophysics11 感觉 Sensation12 知觉 Perception13 感觉阙限 Threshold of Sensation14 心理量表 Psychological Scaling15 视觉 Visual Perception16 视觉通道 Visual Pathway17 听觉 Hearing Perception18 肤觉 Skin Sensation19 视觉心理学 Visual Psychology20 听觉心理学 Hearing Psychology21 感光元 Photoreceptor Cell22 明视、暗视、间视Phootopic Vision ,Scotopic Vision , Mesopic Vision 23 光适应与暗适应 Photopic Adaptation and Sscotopic Adaptation24 格式塔，完形 Gestalt25 形状知觉 Shape Perception26 轮廓 Contour27 主观轮廓 Subjective Contour28 图形与背景 Figure and Ground29 图形与背景逆转 Reversible Figure30 良好形状法那么 Prinzip der Guten Gestalt31 群化 Grouping32 等质性法那么 Fsctor of Similarity33 伪装 Camouflage34 形状的恒常性 Shape Constancy35 大小的恒常性 Size Constancy36 空间知觉 Space Perception37 立体视 Stereopsis38 运动知觉 Movement Perception39 视错觉 Optical Illusion40 残像 After Image41 似动 Apparent Movement42 视觉后效 Aftereffects in Visual43 瀑布效应 Waterfall Effect44 视线记录仪 Eye Camera45 听觉刺激 Auditory Stimulus46 声压 Sound Pressure47 声压水平 Sound Pressure Level48 频谱 Spectrum49 乐音与非乐音 Tone and Nontone50 噪声 Noise51 听觉阙限 Auditory Threshold52 响度 Loudness53 听觉掩蔽 Auditory Masking54 音乐心理学 Psychology of Music55 音响心理学 Psychology of Sound56 音的四属性 Four Attribute Sound57 音高 Pitch58 音色 Timbre59 力度 Loudness60 频率区分阙限 Difference Threshold of Frequency61 强度区分阙限 Difference Threshold of Loudness62 混响 Reverberation63 音源距离感 Distance Perception of Sound64 音源方位感 Orientation Perception of Sound65 立体声 Stereophony66 语言心理学 Psycholinguistics67 语言声谱 Language Spectrum68 语言清晰度 Articulation69 人体尺寸 Humanlady Size70 作业空间 Work Space71 模数 Module72 心理尺度 Psychological Measure73 动作分析 Motion Analysis74 时间研究 Time Study75 动作时间研究 Motion and Time Study76 时间动作轨迹摄影 Chronocyclegragh77 动迹 Traffic Line78 光迹摄影 Luminogram79 脑波 Brain Wave80 生物钟 Bio-o'clock81 睡眠 Sleep82 疲劳 Fatigue 83 姿态 Body Posture84 皮肤电反响 Galvanic Skin Response85 临界闪烁频率Critical Flicker Frequency86 肌肉运动学 Kinesiology87 肌电图 Electromyography88 形态学 Morphology89 仿生学 Bionics90 人、环境系统 Man-Environment System91 照明 Illumination92 振动 Oscillate93 气候 Climate94 空气调节 Air Conditioning95 功能分配 Functional Allocation96手工业时代handicraft stage专业外语书资料:新古典主义Neo-classicism工艺美术运动arts and crafts movement构成主义Constructivism装饰艺术Art Deco流线型风格streamline style现代主义Modernism波普风格POP style国际主义风格International style高技术风格High—tech style后现代主义post- modernism解构主义Deconstruction绿色设计Green Design美学aesthetics人机工程学ergonomics设计方法学design methodology设计管理design management草图速写sketch透视perspective模型制作model making摄影photography计算机辅助设计computer aided design产品结构product structure排版typography工程ecological design可持续设计sustainable design个性personality品味taste创造力creativity头脑风暴brainstorming创新innovation简洁simplicity可用性usability灵活性flexibility交互性interactivity灵感inspiration极简风格minimalism生命周期life cycle生活方式life-style主流mainstream用户友好的user-friendly全球化globalization功能function多样化diversification 标准化standardization生产力productivity比例productivity通用设计universal design无障碍barrier—free自动的automatic便携的portable市场market—place情感的emotional视觉的visual听觉的aural3R〔回收利用Recycle〕(重复利用Reuse)(减少Reduce)插图illustration界面interface导航navigation用户反响user feedback模块化的modular过时out of date时尚fashion应用apply application观察observe评价evaluation商品commodity轻质的lightweight耐用的durable展示display。
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COMPUTER AIDED ACOUSTIC DESIGN AT A THEATRE RECONSTRUCTION –SIMULATION AND REALITIESAttila Nagy, Fülöp Augusztinovicz, András Kotschy, Andor FürjesINTERNOISE 2000 CONFERENCEABSTRACTAt a theatre reconstruction in Hungary we had to design the new interior. We have carried out several measurements in the existing auditorium in order to see whether, the subjective opinion was right about its acoustical quality. Parallel to the measurements we have prepared the computer model of the original condition and performed a ray tracing based analysis. The model of the designed auditorium was also created to verify the design. The two analyses were compared, which proved the improvement of the acoustical qualities.1. – INTRODUCTIONIn the last two decades, geometrical acoustics based software has become a routine tool for developing and verifying the acoustical parameters of an auditorium. During the design of the reconstruction of a Hungarian theatre we used one of these software packages to examine the interior. We have prepared the computer model of the current state and also carried out room acoustic measurements in several points. By comparing the results our aim was to find out, how to achieve a proper simulation in order to perform a reliable verification of the new designed interior.2. – MODELLINGGeometrical acoustics is based on three main conditions that give a good approach of the real situation. These are homogeneous media in which the sound propagation is rectilinear [1]; rigid boundary surfaces, so the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection; the size of the room is much bigger than the wavelength. In most cases we can assume with homogeneous media, although in larger halls the possibility of temperature changing with height is not negligible. We can also forget about the third condition when modelling concert halls or theatres (about modelling smaller rooms e.g. studios see [2]). The only problem we have is the second condition, for specular reflection does not describe reality properly. Flat as well as more complex surfaces scatter waves, diffusion appears. Acoustic absorbers, such as membranes and resonators have flexible surfaces; the condition of rigidity is hurt. Describing their behaviour within geometrical acoustics is yet unsolved, the usual approach is modelling them as rigid objects. Diffusion itself can be easily modelled by randomising the reflection angle with the amount required. An another phenomenon that is not easy to describe with rays is diffraction.There is a wide variety of methods with different names (Conical Beam Tracing, Triangular Beam Tracing, Cone Tracing) based on ray tracing, and also hybrid method thatcombine ray tracing with others (e.g. Image Source Method). Each has its advantages and disadvantages. Discussing them is beyond the scope of this article.3. – PROBLEMS OF SURFACE PROPERTIESAssuming that we know all of the surface properties, the model can be generated very fast. If the subject of our analysis is a room under design (as the model of the new interior was), we can measure the absorption values of the materials in laboratory, or we can rely on the values given by the manufacturer – if they are given. Of course there are plenty of well-known materials and more libraries where these data can be found. We are facing almost the same case, if we have to re-design a room that is already built, but all the selected materials are known.The third case is when we have an already built room, without any information about the materials of it. At creating the model of the existing auditorium we were facing this problem. There were materials, which we knew (e.g. parquet on concrete, painted brickwork) and materials which were hard to determine (mostly acoustical absorbers). An important and hard task would be to develop an in situ measuring technique of absorption coefficients, for this would ease the modelling procedure. Although most built in structures are known, it is not obvious to recognise them. In the models we tried to substitute these unknown materials with known ones.Another noticeable problem is that beside the frequency dependency of absorption, the coefficients also depend on the angle of incidence which - as far as we know - no modelling program can handle, and no measuring technique is available to determine it properly.Using these approximations can make us uncertain about the accuracy of the simulations.4. – THE DESIGN PROCESSAccording to the subjective opinions of the mixing engineers and the audience of the theatre, the biggest problem of the existing auditorium is its lack of reverberation and the fact that speech intelligibility is much better in the rear rows than in the middle of the stalls.In order to verify these opinions, we have measured acoustical parameters in several points of the auditorium. The applied instrumentation was an MLS (Maximum Length Sequences) based digital signal processing system of DRA Laboratories, with a dodecahedron speaker system and a condenser microphone. We have measured the impulse responses, and from that the Energy Decay Curves, reverberation times among other parameters were determined.The second way of verification was to create the geometrical model of the interior and perform analysis with a Ray Tracing based simulation software. There were two interesting points in the modelling process: modelling the audience (the stalls) and modelling the stage. By modelling the stage we decided to make a stage without scenery. We placed curtains in front of the walls of the stage, which gives good approximation of a sparsely furnished stage. The other point by doing so is that this state can be easily realised in the theatre, thus the measurements could refer to the same situation as the simulation. A highly absorbent material placed as a ceiling above the stage represented the stage-loft.At modelling audience we relied on earlier measurements in which statistical values of absorption of the audience in each octave band were determined. Taking in account the high diffusity of the audience, we set the diffusion coefficients increasing with frequency as suggested by Dallenbäck in [3]. We represented the stall with a cubic object, with flat top andwith height of normal shoulder-height: 80 cm. To model the empty auditorium, we took the same cube, changed the material to the so-called “cloth-upholstered chair”, and set the diffusion high, where the wavelength was of the order of the distance between the rows (above 250 Hz).As a result of the simulation analysis, the left picture of Fig.1 shows the distribution of RASTI values over the audience. It can be clearly seen that in the rear corners, where there is lots of absorbing surfaces around, the RASTI values are higher than, e.g. in the middle of the stalls, as it was subjectively described by the audience.To compare the measured and simulated results, see Fig.2, which shows reverberation times versus frequency at one of the detection points. The two lower lines are minimum and maximum values measured with MLSSA, while the upper solid line shows the results of the simulation. The difference in between might origin from the fact that the chosen material properties are only rough estimates of the real ones. We have discussed the problems of surface properties above, in section 3. The fourth – upper, dashed – line shows results from a gunshot measurement. It is interesting note how much the measured results differ from each other.If we assume the MLSSA-measured results to be right, we can draw the consequence that although the results are similar in tendencies the simulation overestimates reverberation time, therefore it might underestimate speech intelligibility.Fig.1: RASTI values according to the simulations. Left: existing auditorium, right: designed auditorium. Scale ranges from 55 (dark grey/blue) to 70 (light grey/green).Due to the reconstruction the whole interior has been redesigned by an architect, therefore a new acoustical design was also essential. The aim of the design was to increase reverberation while maintaining or improving intelligibility at the same time. The main idea was to use so few absorbing materials, as it is possible. To verify the effect of the new design we have also prepared the model of the new interior and performed the analysis, with the same considerations as at the model of the existing state.5. – RESULTSAs the result of the design process, see the right picture of Fig.1, the distribution of RASTI values are shown. We can say, that with the new interior the speech intelligibility is moreeven across the stalls, as it is under the current conditions. We can also add, that the variation and position dependency is smaller and the minimum value has increased by 7.Fig.2: Reverberation times at a detection point6. – CONCLUSIONSWe have performed measurements in an existing theatre to examine its acoustical quality. The results showed that the subjective opinion was right, the speech intelligibility is low and highly dependent on position. We have generated the geometrical model of the current state, and performed ray-tracing analysis. The results of the simulation gave more detailed information about the distribution of the acoustical parameters. A new interior has been designed to improve acoustical quality. The ray-tracing analysis of the new auditorium predicts that the average RASTI values will increase at least by 7, their range of variation gets smaller and shows a lower spatial dependency.REFERENCES[1] A. D. Pierce, …Acoustics” Acoustical Society of America, New York, 1991[2] A. Fürjes, É. Borsiné Arató, …Room Acoustic Evaluation of Small Rooms” 16thInternational Congress on Acoustics, Seattle, 1998[3] B-I. Dalenbäck, …CATT-Acoustic v7.0 User’s Manual” Göteborg, 1998。