Critical Analysis0.1

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小学上册B卷英语第4单元全练全测

小学上册英语第4单元全练全测英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The ________ (presentation) is interactive.2.The main product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is ______.3.I love to ______ (了解) new cultures.4.The ________ is a small creature that hops and plays.5.I saw a _______ (小鹿) in my yard.6.An endothermic reaction absorbs _____ from its surroundings.7.The _______ of sound is perceived as volume.8.The cat is ___ (purring/meowing).9.I have a collection of toy ______ (恐龙). They are colorful and ______ (有趣的) to play with.10.The chemical symbol for iron is ______.11.The chemical formula for cesium chloride is _____.12.The parakeet is a small ______ (鸟).13.The dog is _______ (chasing) the ball.14.What is the main purpose of a teacher?A. To entertainB. To educateC. To cookD. To clean15.What do we call the art of creating visual works?A. PaintingB. SculptureC. DrawingD. All of the AboveD16.What is the name of the famous painting by Vincent van Gogh featuring a starry night sky?A. The Night WatchB. The Starry NightC. The Persistence of MemoryD. Girl with a Pearl Earring17.The _____ (mountain/river) is high.18.The ________ is a popular pet for families.19.The ______ is known for her impactful writing.20.The ________ (乡村生活) is different from city life.21.The sun shines on the ______.22.What is the name of the famous American singer known for her hit song "Respect"?A. Aretha FranklinB. Diana RossC. Tina TurnerD. Whitney HoustonA Aretha Franklin23.What do you call a person who studies the universe?A. AstrophysicistB. AstronomerC. GeologistD. BiologistB24.My favorite _____ is a playful puppy.25.The ________ (research) is ongoing.26.What is the closest planet to the sun?A. MercuryB. VenusC. EarthD. Mars27.migration) of birds occurs seasonally. The ____28.What sound does a cow make?A. MeowB. MooC. BarkD. QuackB29.My dad loves __________ (户外活动) like hiking.30.This girl, ______ (这个女孩), loves to draw and paint.31.The __________ (历史的思考) encourages critical analysis.32.The ancient Babylonians are known for their ________ and astronomy.33.The color of litmus paper changes in acidic and _______ solutions.34.What is the name of the person who writes books?A. AuthorB. EditorC. PublisherD. Reporter35.I enjoy _____ (reading/writing) stories.36.My ________ (玩具名称) is an action figure from a movie.37. A chemical reaction can release heat and light in an ______ reaction.38.What is the name of the soft, fluffy animal that loves to hop?A. DogB. CatC. RabbitD. MouseC39.The _______ of sound can create varying experiences in different environments.40.I have a _____ (玩具枪) that I use in pretend play. 我有一个在角色扮演中使用的玩具枪。

故障类型和影响分析

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b. 外部原因。指能引起系统或产品发生故障的外界破坏因素，如外部环境应力、时间因素、人为差错等故障诱因。即人、环境与机的关系。 c. 结果。指在外部原因作用于对象后，对象内部状态发生变化，当此变化量超过某一阈值，便形成故障。
④ 故障效应
指的是某一故障发生后，它对系统、子系统、
部件有什么影响，影响程度有多大。
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（2）故障的影响
从安全角度来说，事故、灾害是指“故障引起
的人身伤亡和物质财产的损失”。也就是说，故
障是事故、灾害的原因。一个系统或产品从正常
发展成事故有一个过程：
正常→异常→征兆状态→故障→事故。
征兆状态是指，即使判断为异常，还未达到故障以至事故与灾害状态。
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讨论故障时不能离开功能、时间和条件三个因素。 ① 功能。系统或产品发生故障，即丧失功能。其原因就是下级发生故障或不正常（其症状或现象称为故障模式）。上级和下级的层次概念，除考虑原对象的物理、空间关系外，应主要考虑功能联系及其重要性方面的问题。故障模式若从可靠性定义来说，一般可从五个方面来考虑：运行过程中的故障：提前动作；在规定的时间不动作；在规定的时间不停止；运行能力降低、超量或受阻。
统或产品的保证期是多少？故障大概在什么时间
发生？在t=0时，功能当然正常，但在某个时间以后就可能出现问题。而且，故障发生的难易程度也是随时间变化的。故障模式及影响分析不是按时间序列进行分析的，这是它的不足之处。
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④ 概率
在故障模式及影响分析中，一般要评定相对
发生频率等级。如果有过去的各种数据，在故障
可以确定设备、系统或装置的故障发生概率，从
而定量地描述故障的影响。
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一、概述

DFMEA标准教材.

刹车转轴
允许传动力从刹车片到轮轴。
必须递送规定转矩抗力到轮轴。
第四版的一种推荐形式
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2018年11月13日
潜在的失效后果
• 失效的潜在后果应按顾客所察觉的功能的失效模式的后果进行规定，就如同顾客感受的一样。 • 后果应根据指定的所分析的系统、子系统或部件来阐述。部件、子系统和系统级别之间存在的等级关系。 • 查阅历史或类似的DFMEA报告、保修信息、质量信息、市场抱怨等，或其他公司类似的例子，如质量召回信息、事故新闻等。
功能框图示例
零部件研发室：李晗
• 系统、子系统和零部件框图。
不属于此 DFMEA 灯泡总成 D 3
开/关 C 2 灯罩 A
1
4
极板 E
5
电池 B
5
弹簧 F
系统名称：闪光灯工作环境极限条件温度：-20~160F 耐腐蚀性：规范B 冲击：6英尺下落外部物质：灰尘湿度：0~100RH 连接方法： 1.不连接（滑动） 2.铆接 3.螺纹连接 4.卡扣连接 5.压紧连接
建议措施
责任和目标完成日期
采取的措施
不易严 R 频重探 .P 度测度 N 数数度数
功能、特征或要求
后果是什么
有多糟糕
会有什么问题 •无功能 •部分功能 •功能过强 •功能降级 •功能间歇 •非预期功能起因是什么
发生频率如何怎样预防和探测
能做些什么 •设计更改 •过程更改 •特殊控制 •采用新程序或指南的更改该方法在探测时有多好
•
•
•
FMEA介绍-总原则
总原则：对“失效的结果”分析，应能量化失效模式没有纠正导致的风险

批判性分析 Critical Analysis 英语作文

Critical AnalysisBefore we jump right into understanding what a critical analysis essay is, how to write a critical analysis essay and which are the topics on which critical analysis essay can be written, one needs to understand thoroughly what analysis means and what critical analysis is all about. In this particular article on critical analysis essay, we shall be giving an overview for students who are supposed to know everything in order to write a critical analysis essay because a good critical analysis essay should be equipped with all kinds of information and this article aims to equip the students with the same.The word critical analysis basically means 3Ws which are, what, why and when. The most important thing that a writer needs to remember while analysing a topic, or an event or for that matter any big phenomenon, is to ask questions so that he or she can deep into the writer’s mindset and the objective behind the written content. Critical analysis can be done on any piece of literature, artwork, movies, novels, paintings, infrastructure, scientific or management journals. Analysis can be done on anything and everything and the most recent critical analysis essay that is pressurisingeveryone’s mind is the United States presidential election.Psephology is the term that is used for statistical study and critical analysis of trends and voting patterns in an election which is a subset of critical analysis. Right from running the economy of the country to political and social stability, critical analysis is highly required and evidently used by strategists and policymakers to come up with a solid solution to the impending problems. In the business world, critical analysis is done based on data analytics and this tool in the last few years has changed many businessmodels and has created revolutions in the technology industry.Hence, to understand the magnitude and gravity of the importance of critical analysis in every walk of life, let us start understanding it step by step, shall we? In this particular article on how to write a critical analysis, we shall be showing you a brief and fundamental format of writing a critical analysis.What is the Pattern for Writing a Critical Analysis Essay?Firstly one should be aware of the fact that there is no one particular format or a pattern to write a critical analysis essay. Critical analysis essay varies from writer to writer, topic to topic and from target audience to target audience. If you are writing a simple topic or a broader topic like cricket or politics or science, then one can assume that your target audience is well aware of the particular topic in hand and hence you can tweak and twist your patterns according to your whims. On the other hand, if you are writing a niche topic, say on a management journal or sales tactics or a particular topic in quantum physics, then your target audience will also beniche and hence you will have to follow a strict and well-accepted pattern or format to write a critical analysis essay so that your target audience understands it thoroughly even if they are not aware of the topic at hand.How to Choose a Topic for Critical Analysis EssayFor an expert writer, choosing a topic to write about should never be a herculean task, but more often than not, most writers will always have second thoughts. And these thoughts are more profound and more complicated for an amateur writer. If you are a college or a schoolstudent and your teacher has already given you a topic to write, trust us, you are the luckiest one because you know the topic that you should write and do research on and more importantly, you know your target audience (which is more often than not your teacher and your classmates). But if you are a professional writer, the onus lies on your shoulders to choose the right topic that is in line with the thought process of your audience. For such professionals, we recommend following the below-mentioned thumb rules in choosing a topic for your critical analysis essay,Choose your target audience before choosing the topic.Pick your topic of interest and you can achieve the 1st point.Never confuse yourself in order to convince your audience on a topic that you yourself are not sure of.Do thorough research on the topic and after which do a self-analysis on whether or not you are cut out to write on such topics.Pick your forte and start deep-diving into the same ( which means start finding out niche facts and figures to support your arguments in the essay).Most importantly, it is your thought process that matters, no matter how alien or native the topic is.How to Write a Critical Analysis EssayThe basic format that one should follow irrespective of variation in topics and target audience isIntroductionBodyConclusion While the basic outline of the format consists of the above three, there is no hard and fast rule that it needs to be followed in all the cases. In most of the cases that involve niche essays and journals, there might be a lot of additions to the above three, such as title, authors and affiliation, abstract, methods, results, discussions, inference and conclusion. Critical analysis essay for management journals and scientific journals vary widely. But critical analysis essays on simpler topics with ageneralised audience can follow a simple format that includes introduction, body and conclusion.The word limit also varies from writer to writer, topic to topic and target reader to the target reader. The best written critical analysis essay is the one where the writer has a thorough understanding of the reader’s thoug ht process in addition to the knowledge on the topic at hand.IntroductionIntroduction part in the critical analysis essay, as in any other essays, should be as crisp and brief as possible and the introduction part shouldbe confined to 2 parts which are introducing the topic to the audience as well as giving an outline for the audience on what to expect in the body and conclusion of the critical analysis essay that you are writing. The introduction part is usually kept between 100 to 150-word limit but if the writer feels that the topic is very niche and alienated to his or her target audience, then the introduction part can be elaborated to as long as 350 to 400 word. In certain cases, the introduction part becomes the most important part of your critical analysis essay, including the body because the topic that your are analysing can be very rare and unknown to your reader.For example, if we are discussing/writing a critical analysis essay on the quantum computers, or say string theory versus loop theory in science, then not everyone might be aware of the topic and hence in such particular cases, the introduction becomes a very important part of the critical essay. But if you are analysing very general and broad based topics such as cricket, football, movies or fantasy novels that are very popular, then one might even be aware that in that case the introduction part of the critical analysis can be kept as short as possible.BodyThe crux of any essay is the body of the essay. It is in the body of the critical analysis essay that the writer presents his or her arguments cogently with logic and facts based support.The body of the essay itself can be divided into two parts, the first part with pure facts and good content driving the essay and the other part which analyses the above-stated facts. Which means that we ask the 5 most important questions, why, what, when, where, and how thereby analysing the essay thoroughly from all point of views. The most important thing to keepin mind while writing the body of the essay is the knowledge base of your target audience. If you believe that your target audience is well aware of the nuances and nitty-gritty of the article that you are analysing, then you can easily skip over the fundamentals of the facts and deep dive into analysis directily. But if you believe that your target audience is new to the the article that you are analysing and they are dependent on you to supply and equip them with such an information then the crux of your body should be concentrated on the fundamentals rather than niche facts.For example, if you are writing an article on quantum mechanics or quantum computers or anything related to niche business practices such as sales cycle of artificial intelligence industry, then you need to make sure that the required facts are a part of the body of the essay because these are niche and relatively rare topics to most of our mass audience and hence it is your essay that will equip the reader with the required information.Conclusion of an Critical Analysis EssayOne of the most undervalued part of an essay is usually the conclusion part of the essay but werecommend that in every critical analysis essay, one should have a solid conclusion so that it justifies introduction and body part of the critical analysis essay.The last impression you leave on your reader has the greatest impact on your article. One should never write new information or new fact in the conclusion part of your critical analysis essay, other than the one that is returned in the body or introduction part. Basically, the conclusion should be an overall round up of the essay in less than 2 paragraphs. In certain cases, the conclusion is so strong that thereader will understand the essay just by reading this part after skipping the introduction and body of the essay.Crisp and brief writing skills is what is required to write a good concluding statement. It is the conclusion part of your essay that will leave the final impression on the reader about the quality of your critical analysis essay. Usually, for management and scientific journals and articles, the conclusion part of the essay analysis will be no more than 1 paragraph. But if you are writing/ analysing a very general topic, the conclusion can be extended to a maximum of 2 paragraphs.。

Critical-Discourse-Analysis1

Your company slogan
认知语言使用者作为社会角色必然涉及认知。认知：个人认知、社会认知。认知可以看成是个人和社会之间的至关重要的界面，也是个人语篇和社会结构之间的结合部分。 CDA的认知系统：权势、心理控制、语境控制
Your company slogan
八大原则
1
CDA 处理的是社会问题
80-90 年代
成熟期
1989年 fairclough 《语言与权力》
Your company slogan
理论来源
Halliday 系统功能语法
语言形式
决定
社会功能
CDA 语言形式
反映
社会功能
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CDA 的理论框架
话语
社会
认知
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Your company slogan
Thank you!
《语言和控制》一书提出批评语言学的语篇分析方法，旨在通过对
大众语篇的分析来揭示意识形态对语篇的影响和语篇对意识形态的
反作用。意识形态指人们“理解世界，整理，归纳经验时所持有的总的观点
” 和看法
Your company slogan
系统功能语法分析法
感谢您的关注！
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话语
Fairclough 任何话语都是一种三维概念, 话语：语篇、话语实践、社会文化实践语篇分析：三维的。以语言为主体，对语篇作出语言学上的描写，对话语和语篇的生成过程的相互关系作出解释，并对话语过程与社会过程之间的相互关系作出解释
Your company slogan
社会社会结构决定语篇特性，语篇又反过来影响社会结构 CDA把语言分析和社会分析融为一体，主张语篇本身是社会行为的一种形式，尽管它们之间的联系是间接的。

小学下册第七次英语第六单元真题试卷[有答案]

小学下册英语第六单元真题试卷[有答案]英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1 What do you call a large body of salt water?A. LakeB. OceanC. RiverD. Stream2 What is the name of the famous cartoon character known for his love of carrots?A. Bugs BunnyB. Daffy DuckC. Porky PigD. Elmer Fudd3 Chemical reactions often require _____ to start.4 Heat makes molecules move ______.5 What is the main source of light during the day?A. MoonB. StarsC. SunD. Fire答案: C6 Which of these is a type of fish?A. SalmonB. ChickenC. BeefD. Pork7 The ________ swims in the water all day.8 Which planet is known for its rings?A. VenusB. MarsC. SaturnD. Jupiter9 What is the term for a young human?A. AdultB. TeenagerC. ChildD. Elder10 The bird is ________ in the sky.11 I can _____ (dance/sing) very well.12 The tree is ___ (tall/short).13 My __________ (玩具名) has many __________ (名词) to choose from.14 What do you call a baby dog?A. KittenB. PuppyC. CubD. Calf答案: B15 The crab scuttles quickly on the _________. (沙子)16 The capital of Indonesia is _______.17 What is the capital city of Mexico?A. CancunB. GuadalajaraC. Mexico CityD. Tijuana答案:C18 What do you call a baby alligator?A. HatchlingB. PupC. KitD. Calf19 What do we call a person who travels to space?A. AstronautB. PilotC. ScientistD. Engineer答案:A20 The teddy bear is my _______ (favorite).21 How many planets are in the solar system?A. 7B. 8C. 9D. 10答案: B22 The cake is ___ with frosting. (decorated)23 Which one is not a vegetable?A. CarrotB. PotatoC. AppleD. Lettuce24 I enjoy building ______ (模型) of historic landmarks.25 The cat is ___ (sleeping) on the couch.26 I want to grow a ________ in the sun.27 The ______ is a layer of rock that lies directly beneath the Earth's surface.28 Which gas do we breathe in?A. Carbon dioxideB. NitrogenC. OxygenD. Hydrogen答案: C. Oxygen29 Which planet is known as the Red Planet?A. EarthB. SaturnC. MarsD. Neptune30 The _______ (小金鱼) swims gracefully in its bowl.31 The chemical symbol for manganese is _______.32 The process of sublimation involves a solid changing directly to a ______.33 The capital of Ireland is __________.34 What is the capital of Kenya?A. NairobiB. KampalaC. Addis AbabaD. Dar es Salaam答案:A35 What is the name of the main character in "Harry Potter"?A. Ron WeasleyB. Hermione GrangerC. Harry PotterD. Albus Dumbledore答案:C. Harry Potter36 She has a new ________.37 A whale is a mammal that lives in the ______.38 The backbone protects the ______ in animals.39 My ________ (玩具名称) has a funny voice.40 He plays the _____ (guitar/drum).41 The chemical formula for ammonium chloride is __________.42 What do we call the chemical reaction that gives us energy?A. CombustionB. RespirationC. FermentationD. Oxidation答案: B43 How many months have 28 days?A. 1B. 2C. 12D. 0答案: C44 A __________ is a popular site for cultural exchange.45 What do we call the process of searching for food?A. ForagingB. HuntingC. GatheringD. All of the above答案:D46 What do we call the process of water turning into vapor?A. EvaporationB. CondensationC. PrecipitationD. Filtration47 My favorite book is about a ________ (冒险).48 What is the name of the holiday celebrated in October?A. ThanksgivingB. HalloweenC. ChristmasD. New Year答案:B49 We have fun playing with ________ (玩具名称).50 What do you call a book that tells a story?A. NovelB. DictionaryC. EncyclopediaD. Guide答案:A51 aust was a tragic event during __________ (二战). The Holo52 My brother collects ____ (coins) from around the world.53 When it’s hot outside, I like to eat __________. (水果)54 I write with a ________ (pen).55 The ________ is a great helper for plants.56 What is the opposite of "hot"?A. ColdB. WarmC. CoolD. Spicy57 How many months have 28 days?A. OneB. SixC. TwelveD. None答案:C58 My friend is a great __________ (社交者).59 What is the name of the famous American singer known for her hit song "Born This Way"?A. Lady GagaB. Katy PerryC. Taylor SwiftD. Ariana Grande答案: A. Lady Gaga60 My __________ (玩具名) can __________ (动词) in many ways.61 What do we call the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules?A. DigestionB. AbsorptionC. AssimilationD. Metabolism答案:A62 My grandma feeds the ______ (鸟) in her garden.63 I like to play ______. (soccer)64 They are ___ the picture. (coloring)65 A bird builds a ______ (巢) in trees.66 The _______ (The Renaissance) led to advancements in arts and sciences.67 What do we call the main character in a story?A. AntagonistB. ProtagonistC. Supporting CharacterD. Minor Character答案:B68 What is the process of making food using heat?A. BakingB. FreezingC. BoilingD. Cooking69 I like to cook ___ (pasta) for dinner.70 What is 2 x 3?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 871 What do we use to write?A. PaperB. PencilC. TableD. Chair答案: B72 What do we call a person who composes music?A. ComposerB. MusicianC. SongwriterD. All of the above73 The chemical symbol for oxygen is ______.74 The chemical formula for calcium phosphate is _____.75 I like to play ______ (视频游戏).76 A __________ is a reaction that produces heat.77 The puffin can dive underwater to catch ______ (鱼).78 Which animal lives in a hive?A. AntB. BeeC. SpiderD. Wasp79 The chemical symbol for silicon is _____.80 We are ______ (going) to the beach.81 The chemical formula for sodium chloride is ______.82 The crab walks sideways on the _______ (沙滩).83 What do we call the person who plays the guitar?A. GuitaristB. MusicianC. ComposerD. Conductor84 Bees help to __________ (授粉) flowers.85 What is the sound of a cow?A. MooB. QuackC. OinkD. Bark答案:A86 What do we call the process of water turning into vapor?A. EvaporationB. CondensationC. PrecipitationD. Sublimation答案:A. Evaporation87 小猴子) has a long tail. The ___88 The monkey is _____ in the tree. (swinging)89 The _______ (The Black Death) devastated Europe in the 14th century.90 The _____ (松树) stays green all year round.91 The playground is ________.92 The chemical symbol for antimony is ______.93 My _____ (姐姐) is in high school.94 We will go to the _____ (zoo/museum) on Saturday.95 I have a collection of ________ (邮票). Each one tells a ________ (故事) about different places.96 What do you call a small, round fruit that is usually red or green?A. OrangeB. AppleC. BananaD. Pear答案: B97 The process of ______ can lead to the alteration of the Earth's surface.98 My friend’s mom, ______ (我朋友的妈妈), is a nurse.99 The __________ (历史的再现) reflects our journey.100 The __________ (历史的思考) encourages critical analysis.。

小学上册第六次英语第二单元自测题(有答案)

小学上册英语第二单元自测题(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The kitten is ___ (climbing) the curtains.2.The process of filtration is used to separate ______ mixtures.3.Sublimation is the process of a solid turning directly into a ______.4.The __________ (历史的知识) can empower.5.I often call my mom “________” (妈妈) when I need something.6.My toy car is red and ______.7. A __________ is a common example of a base.8.I like to visit the ______ (水族馆) to see colorful fish and other sea ______ (生物).9.The peacock dances to attract a _________. (伴侣)10.The __________ can indicate the presence of ancient life forms in rock.11.My uncle tells the best __________ (笑话).12.The ____ has a powerful sense of smell and can follow scents easily.13.Jupiter is the largest ______ in our solar system.14. A ______ (干旱) period can stress many plant species.15. A ____ is a tiny insect that plays an important role in nature.16.I want to visit ________ (纽约) someday.17.The rainbow trout is a beautiful _________ (鱼).18.We learn about animals in ______ (科学) class.19.The capital of Aruba is ________ (奥拉涅斯塔德).20.The __________ is a famous historical building.21.The __________ (地貌) shapes the landscape.22.My __________ (玩具名) is made of __________ (材料).23.The __________ (社区活动) strengthen bonds between people.24.ts can ______ (净化) air pollutants. Some pla25.Listen and color.(听录音，涂颜色)26. A pulley can help lift heavy ______ (loads).27.The flamingo stands on one _______ (腿) while sleeping.28. A rainbow appears when light passes through _______.29.The _____ (果树) produces sweet fruit.30.The weather is _____ (nice/bad) today.31.The process of crystallization separates solids from _______.32.My sister is learning to ______ (弹) the piano.33.My sister is a great ________.34.I hear the sound of ______ (雷声) in the distance.35.At the petting zoo, I saw a ________ (小羊). It was very ________ (可爱).36.My mom makes the best ____ (pancakes) on Sundays.37.The ________ (生态影响研究) provides insights.38.I like to ______ in the ocean. (swim)39.The teacher is _____ (耐心) with all the students.40.The chef, ______ (厨师), creates amazing dishes in the kitchen.41.古代的________ (nobility) 在政治中扮演着重要角色。

FEMA培训设计潜在失效模式及后果分析

1. 確認已知及潛在失效模式 2. 確認每一失效模式的效應和原因 3. 依據風險優先指數(產品的嚴重度、發生率
及偵測度) 4. 提供問題改正行動及跟催
FMEA展開時機
¾ 依照FMEA定義，它是一種方法，消除或減少已知或潛在問題，以強化顧客滿意至最大極限。因此，為了要達成此目的，展開FMEA的時機必須愈早愈好!縱使相關數據/資訊仍然未知時。
Downstream Internal effect Downstream External effect
3.End effect
(對產品使用者的影響)
(對end product的user影響,產品跑到user身上，use時才發現)
FMEA 定義及分析方式
FMEA是一種工程技術用以定義、確認及消除在系統上、設計、製程及服務還沒有到達顧客前已知的或潛在的失效、問題等。 FMEA包含了兩種分析方式：第一: 使用歷史數據，針對相似產品、服務、保證數
• 指出設計上可靠性的弱點，提出對策 • 針對要求規格、環境條件等，利用實驗設計
或模擬分析，對不適當的設計，即時加以改善，節省無謂的損失 • 有效的實施FMEA，可縮短開發時程及開發費用 • 褔特、通用、克萊斯勒汽車公司對車輛回收的研究表明，全明實施FMEA能夠避免許多回收事件的發生。
FMEA 對工藝過程及設計改變的影響
簡介
什麼是失效
失效
集體討論?? 后果是….
＂早知道 ……… 就不會＂
¾ 早知道作好防震設計就不會造成大樓倒塌 ¾ 早知道改進電力輸配設計就不會造成全台大停電 ¾ 早知道不濫墾濫伐就不會造成土石流 ¾ 早知道作好橋樑維護就不會造成高屏大橋倒塌
有些早知道是必需的!有些就不會是不允許發生的 ¾ 核能電廠、水庫、衛星、飛機……. 有效運用 FMEA 可減少事後追悔

批评话语分析述评

批评话语分析述评批评话语分析：理论、方法及应用引言批评话语分析（Critical Discourse Analysis，简称CDA）是语言学的一个重要分支，旨在揭示隐藏在语言背后的权力关系和社会意识形态。

批评话语分析在过去的几十年中经历了快速的发展，已经成为社会科学领域的重要研究工具。

本文将回顾批评话语分析的发展历程，阐述其基本方法，探讨其在教育、媒体、政治等领域的应用，并分析批评话语分析的优缺点。

批评话语分析的发展历程批评话语分析起源于20世纪70年代的英国。

当时，语言学家们开始语言与权力、意识形态之间的关系，尝试通过分析话语来揭示社会结构和不平等现象。

到了80年代，批评话语分析逐渐发展成为一种独立的理论和方法论，并开始应用于多个领域，包括教育、媒体和政治等。

批评话语分析的方法批评话语分析的主要方法包括文本分析、访谈分析和图像分析。

文本分析是批评话语分析的核心方法之一，通过对文本进行深入的解读和分析，揭示文本中所蕴含的权力关系和社会意识形态。

在文本分析过程中，批评话语分析者通常文本的词汇、语法和结构等特征，以及这些特征如何反映和塑造社会现实。

访谈分析是批评话语分析中了解话语实践的重要手段。

通过分析访谈中的语言使用和互动过程，可以揭示访谈者之间的权力关系以及访谈者与社会结构之间的关系。

图像分析是批评话语分析的新兴方法，通过对图像进行深入的解读和分析，揭示图像中所蕴含的权力关系和社会意识形态。

在图像分析过程中，批评话语分析者通常图像的视觉元素、语境和社会背景等特征，以及这些特征如何反映和塑造社会现实。

批评话语分析的应用批评话语分析在教育、媒体和政治等领域具有广泛的应用。

在教育领域，批评话语分析可以帮助教育者理解教育政策、课程和教学实践中的权力关系和社会意识形态，从而促进教育公平和改进教学质量。

例如，通过对课程内容的批评话语分析，可以揭示课程中隐含的意识形态和价值观念，为教育者和政策制定者提供有益的反馈和建议。

小学下册第16次英语自测题(有答案)

小学下册英语自测题(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What is the main function of the roots of a plant?A. To produce flowersB. To absorb nutrients and waterC. To support the plantD. To attract pollinators答案: B2.The __________ (古代文明) of Mesopotamia is often referred to as the cradle of civilization.3.I want to _____ (discover) new places.4.I hope to learn more about _______ (主题) in the future. It sounds very _______ (形容词) and interesting.5.The ________ (动物园) has many exotic animals.6.The sun sets and the sky is ______. (dark)7.The _______ (海龟) swims in the ocean.8.What is the term for a scientist who studies the ocean?A. OceanographerB. Marine biologistC. GeologistD. Meteorologist 答案: A9.The _____ (土壤) provides nutrients for plants.10.An ____(environment) includes all living and non-living things around us.11.My brother loves to read ____.12. A _______ can symbolize peace and renewal.13.My friend has a unique __________ (风格).14.I can ______ (在课堂上) focus well.15.The ant builds a home called an _______.16. A _______ is a substance that can donate protons in a chemical reaction.17.Gravity is the force that keeps planets in _______ around the sun.18.My teacher told us to call her ______ in class. (我的老师告诉我们在课上称呼她为。

系统安全分析故障类型和影响分析

2.4 故障类型和影响分析故障类型和影响分析FMEA（Failure Model and Effects Analysis）是对系统各组成部分、元件进行分析的重要方法。

系统的子系统或元件在运行过程中会发生故障，而且往往可能发生不同类型的故障。

例如，电气开关可能发生接触不良或接点粘连等类型故障。

不同类型的故障对系统的影响是不同的。

这种分析方法首先找出系统中各子系统及元件可能发生的故障及其类型，查明各种类型故障对邻近子系统或元件的影响以及最终对系统的影响，以及提出消除或控制这些影响的措施。

故障类型和影响分析是一种系统安全分析归纳方法。

早期的故障类型和影响分析只能做定性分析，后来在分析中包括了故障发生难易程度的评价或发生的概率。

从而把它与致命度分析（Critical Analysis）结合起来，构成故障类型和影响、危险度分析（FMECA）。

这样，若确定了每个元件的故障发生概率，就可以确定设备、系统或装置的故障发生概率，从而定量地描述故障的影响。

2.4.1 故障类型系统、子系统或元件在运行过程中，由于性能低劣，不能完成规定的功能时，则称为故障发生。

系统或元件发生故障的机理十分复杂，故障类型是由不同故障机理显现出来的各种故障现象的表现形式。

因此，一个系统或一个元件往往有多种故障类型。

表2-6 为一般机电产品、设备常见故障类型。

表 2-6 常见故障类型对产品、设备、元件的故障类型、产生原因及其影响应及时了解和掌握，才能正确地采取相应措施。

若忽略了某些故障类型，这些类型故障可能因为没有采取防止措施而发生事故。

例如，美国在研制NASA 卫星系统时，仅考虑了旋转天线汇流环开路故障而忽略了短路故障，结果由于天线汇流环短路故障使发射失败，造成1亿多美元的损失。

掌握产品、设备、元件的故障类型需要积累大量的实际工作经验，特别是通过故障类型和影响分析来积累经验。

2.4.2 分析程序故障类型和影响分析通常包括以下四方面：（1）掌握和了解对象系统；（2）对系统元件的故障类型和产生原因进行分析；（3）故障类型对系统和元件的影响；（4）汇总结果和提出改正措施。

小学上册第9次英语第六单元测验试卷

小学上册英语第六单元测验试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What is the capital of Switzerland?A. ZurichB. BernC. GenevaD. Basel2.What is the main ingredient in a salad?A. RiceB. VegetablesC. MeatD. CheeseB3.What is the capital of Italy?A. VeniceB. FlorenceC. RomeD. NaplesC4.The __________ is a famous city in Brazil known for its carnival. (里约热内卢)5.Do you know my _____ (同班同学)?6.The capital of the Bahamas is ________ (拿骚).7.The __________ (法国革命) inspired many other revolutions.8.What is the opposite of 'soft'?A. GentleB. HardC. SmoothD. Rough9.I like to share my _________ (玩具) with my friends because it’s _________ (好玩).10.Which insect is known for its ability to carry heavy loads?A. AntB. FlyC. ButterflyD. Mosquito11.What is a synonym for "happy"?A. SadB. JoyfulC. AngryD. TiredB12.I like to eat ________ for breakfast.13. A ____(action network) mobilizes support for initiatives.14.What is the name of the large body of freshwater that is smaller than an ocean?A. LakeB. PondC. RiverD. StreamA15.The process of a solid turning into a gas is called _______.16.An astronaut travels into _____ to explore space.17.The kitten stretches its _______ (小猫伸展它的_______).18.The __________ is the second largest continent.19.The chemical formula for strontium carbonate is ______.20.We watch _____ (cartoons/movies) on weekends.21.The chemical formula for sodium bromide is _______.22.What do you call a story that teaches a lesson?A. FableB. NovelC. PoemD. DramaA23.The capital city of Latvia is __________.24.The ________ was a prominent advocate for social change.25.My favorite _____ is a green dinosaur.26.The _________ (玩具熊) sits on my bed and keeps me _________ (陪伴).27.The frog catches insects with its sticky ______ (舌头).28.What is the name of the tool used to measure temperature?A. BarometerB. ThermometerC. RulerD. ScaleB29.The __________ (历史的多维性) enhances complexity.30.How many legs does a spider have?A. 6B. 8C. 10D. 12B31.What is the name of the famous detective created by Arthur Conan Doyle?A. PoirotB. HolmesC. MarpleD. Watson32.The teacher, ______ (老师), gives us homework to practice.33.The _______ (Age of Exploration) led to the discovery of new lands and trade routes.34.My brother is ______ years old. (eight)35.At the library, I found a book about ________ (恐龙). It had amazing ________ (插图).36. A solution that contains a small amount of solute is called ______.37. A chemical that can absorb heat is called a ______.38.What is the value of 8 × 8?A. 54B. 56C. 64D. 72C39.He is _____ (tall) and strong.40.The flowers are ________ and colorful.41.My favorite _____ (玩具) is a red truck. 我最喜欢的玩具是一辆红色的卡车。

施一公教授-如何做一名优秀的博士生、英文文献的阅读与写作资料

如何做一名优秀的博士生：（一）时间的付出【序：我从获得博士学位至今已经整整16个春秋，但博士阶段的感受仍然历历在目。

我从指导自己独立实验室的第一个博士生到现在也已经13年了，其中的博士研究生和博士后中已经有11人在美国和中国的大学里担任独立实验室的PI。

他们的成长过程差别极大，性格、能力也各有不同。

应该说，没有任何一个学生可以简单地遵循另外一个优秀科学家的足迹脱颖而出。

从这个意义上讲，科学家的成功是不可能复制的。

但是，优秀科学家常常具备的共同特点应该对年轻学生有很大启发。

本文主要来自我在2008年清华大学研究生入学教育里一次2.5小时的讲座，又综合了一些随后的思考和总结。

在那次讲座中，我一再强调，我的目的不是要求研究生完全按照我讲的去做，而是希望从根本上冲击、振荡一下研究生的思考角度，启发大家找到最适合自己的成才之路。

本文很长，分四部分陆续发表出来。

】1．时间的付出。

所有成功的科学家一定具有的共同点，就是他们必须付出大量的时间和心血。

这是一条真理。

实际上，无论社会上哪一种职业，要想成为本行业中的佼佼者，都必须付出比常人多的时间。

有时，个别优秀科学家在回答学生或媒体的问题时，轻描淡写地说自己的成功凭借的是运气，不是苦干。

这种回答其实不够客观、也有些不负责任，因为他们有意忽略了自己在时间上的大量付出，而只是强调成功过程中的一个偶然因素，这样说的效果常常对年轻学生造成很大的误导，因为有些幼稚的学生甚至会因此开始投机取巧、不全力进取而是等待所谓的运气；另外一些学生则开始寻找他们的运气，把相当一部分精力和时间用在了与科学研究无关的事情上面。

说极端一点：如果真有这样主要凭运气而非时间付出取得成功的科学家，那么他的成功很可能是攫取别人的成果，而自己十有八九不具备真正在领域内领先的学术水平。

大约在十年前，著名的华人生物学家蒲慕明先生曾经有一封非常著名的email在网上广为流传，这封email是蒲先生写给自己实验室所有博士生和博士后的，其中的观点我完全赞同。

费尔克劳夫的批评话语分析思想论略

费尔克劳夫的批评话语分析思想论略一、本文概述本文旨在全面深入地探讨费尔克劳夫的批评话语分析（Critical Discourse Analysis，简称CDA）思想。

费尔克劳夫是当代批评语言学领域的杰出代表，他的批评话语分析理论在语言学界产生了广泛而深远的影响。

本文将从费尔克劳夫批评话语分析的理论框架、核心观点、方法论及其在实际应用中的价值等方面展开论述，以期为读者提供一个清晰、系统的费尔克劳夫批评话语分析思想的全景图。

本文将简要介绍费尔克劳夫批评话语分析的理论背景和发展脉络，阐述其理论框架的构建过程及其与语言学其他流派的关系。

在此基础上，本文将详细解析费尔克劳夫批评话语分析的核心观点，包括话语、社会、认知三者之间的紧密联系，以及话语如何反映和塑造社会现实。

本文将介绍费尔克劳夫批评话语分析的方法论，包括文本分析、语境分析和解释性分析等具体方法。

这些方法在批评话语分析中的应用将帮助我们揭示话语背后的意识形态、权力关系和社会结构。

本文将探讨费尔克劳夫批评话语分析在实际应用中的价值。

无论是在政治、经济、文化还是社会领域，费尔克劳夫的批评话语分析都能为我们提供独特的视角和深刻的洞见，帮助我们更好地理解社会现象和问题。

本文还将对费尔克劳夫批评话语分析的局限性和未来发展进行展望，以期为该领域的进一步研究提供参考和借鉴。

二、费尔克劳夫批评话语分析的理论基础费尔克劳夫（Frclough）的批评话语分析理论，深植于语言学、社会学和批判理论的多元融合，构建了一个独特而全面的分析框架。

其理论基础主要源于三个核心领域：系统功能语言学、社会理论和批判理论。

系统功能语言学为费尔克劳夫提供了话语分析的基本工具。

系统功能语言学强调语言的功能性和社会性，认为语言不仅是交流的工具，更是社会活动的媒介。

费尔克劳夫借鉴了系统功能语言学的观点，将话语视为社会过程的一部分，认为话语的生成和理解都受到社会结构和文化语境的影响。

社会理论为费尔克劳夫提供了分析话语与社会关系的重要视角。

小学上册U卷英语第3单元暑期作业

小学上册英语第3单元暑期作业英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.We can _______ a snowman in winter.2. A force can change an object’s ______.3. A ______ is an animal that can be found in a zoo.4.I enjoy playing _________ (视频游戏) with my friends online.5. A _______ is a substance that donates protons in a reaction.6.Which of these is a transportation vehicle?A. ChairB. CarC. TableD. BedB7.The chemical symbol for lead is ______.8. A ____ is a small mammal that loves to scamper around.9.The rabbit loves to _______ (跳) in the yard.10.My dad loves __________ (摄影).11.The ________ was a significant leader in the push for human rights.12. A _______ is a reaction that occurs in a solution.13.The process of fermentation produces __________ as a byproduct.14.The __________ (历史的激励因素) prompt reflection.15.What type of tree produces acorns?A. PineB. OakC. MapleD. BirchB16.My favorite snack is ________ (苹果干) after school.17.What do you call the person who cooks food?A. WaiterB. ChefC. BakerD. Farmer18.What is the name of the famous statue in New York Harbor?A. Lincoln MemorialB. Statue of LibertyC. Mount RushmoreD. Christ the RedeemerB19.I have a toy _______ that can spin and make sounds.20.My uncle is a skilled __________ (设计师).21.My favorite part of the day is ______.22.I have a pet ________ (兔子) that is very cute.23.I have a collection of ________ (玩偶) from different countries.24.The chemical formula for phosphoric acid is ______.25.The __________ (历史的准确性) is paramount.26. A polar solvent is one that can dissolve ______ molecules.27.I can ______ (保持) a balanced life.28. A _______ is a reaction that involves the release of light.29.What is the longest river in the world?A. AmazonB. NileC. MississippiD. Yangtze30.What do you call a person who studies archaeology?A. ArchaeologistB. HistorianC. AnthropologistD. ExcavatorA31.The stars twinkle in the ______ (night) sky.32.Which of these is a type of tree?A. FernB. RosebushC. OakD. GrassC33. A ____ is a small, colorful bird that sings sweetly.34.The __________ (历史的思考) encourages critical analysis.35.I enjoy playing ______ in the park.36.What is the opposite of ‘light’?A. BrightB. DarkC. HeavyD. Dim37.What is 7 x 3?A. 21B. 24C. 18D. 27A38.What do we call the place where children play?A. OfficeB. PlaygroundC. ClassroomD. StoreB39.I like to listen to ______ (音乐) while I study. It makes me feel ______ (放松).40.We have a ______ (丰富的) series of events planned.41.My mom is a great __________ (社区领导者).42.What do you call the sound a cow makes?A. BarkB. MeowC. MooD. Roar43.What is the capital city of Russia?A. MoscowB. St. PetersburgC. KievD. WarsawA44.What do you call a young swan?A. CygnetteB. GoslingC. DucklingD. ChicksA45.What is the value of 3 + 3 × 3?A. 9B. 12C. 15D. 18B46.I want to _____ (read/write) a story.47.The rainbow has ___ (seven/eight) colors.48.My dad, ______ (我爸爸), teaches me how to ride a bike.49. A _______ is a solution that contains more solute than it normally would at a given temperature.50.They are _____ (friends/enemies) at school.51. A saturated fat is ______ at room temperature.52.I like to help my dad fix ____.53.I have a soft ______ (玩偶). I hug it when I feel ______ (伤心).54.My cousin is my best _______ because we have fun.55. A hamster loves to dig and create ______ (隧道).56. A ________ is a region that has a specific type of culture.57.What is the main purpose of a toothbrush?A. To brush hairB. To clean teethC. To wash dishesD. To scrub floors58.The ______ is a talented artist.59.The cake is _______ (装饰得很漂亮).60.My favorite fruit is _____ (banana/apple).61. Carta was signed in _______. (1215年) The Magn62. A ______ (植物标本) can teach us about biodiversity.63.What is the name of the famous American singer known for "Jolene"?A. Dolly PartonB. Loretta LynnC. Reba McEntireD. Carrie UnderwoodA64.What do we call the period of time before written records?A. Ancient HistoryB. PrehistoryC. Medieval TimesD. Modern EraB65.The cat is _____ on the windowsill. (sitting)66.My sister loves __________ (参观博物馆).67.She is a friendly ________.68.The __________ (古埃及) civilization lasted for over 3,000 years.69.Which direction does the sun rise?A. NorthB. SouthC. EastD. West70.What do you call the person who flies an airplane?A. PilotB. EngineerC. DriverD. SailorA71.What do we call the process of turning a gas into a liquid?A. EvaporationB. CondensationC. FreezingD. SublimationB72.What do you call the process of changing from a liquid to a solid?A. FreezingB. MeltingC. BoilingD. EvaporatingA73.I can ______ a story about a dragon. (write)74.The baby is ______ in the crib. (sleeping)75. A mole digs underground ______ (隧道).76.The _______ (The Civil Rights Movement) sought to end racial segregation.77.The first modern Olympics were revived in ________ (1896).78.In summer, the days are ______ (更长).79.I call my cousins __________. (表亲)80.We planted ________ in the backyard.81.Rocks are classified into three types: igneous, sedimentary, and ______.82.My _____ (父亲) is my hero.83.The ________ (社区援助) supports those in need.84.What do we call the time when flowers bloom?A. SpringB. SummerC. FallD. WinterA85.Chemical reactions can be affected by temperature, concentration, and ______.86.Carbon dioxide is produced during ______.87.The ________ hops around quickly.88.What is the term for a moon that orbits a planet in the opposite direction of its rotation?A. Retrograde MoonB. Anomalous MoonC. Irregular MoonD. Regular Moon89.I see a ______ in the garden. (flower)90. A __________ is a mixture that can be separated by filtration.91.The _____ (爸爸) is cooking dinner.92.What is the largest breed of dog?A. ChihuahuaB. BeagleC. Great DaneD. PoodleC93.What do we call the light emitted by the sun?A. Solar RadiationB. Stellar LightC. Cosmic LightD. Sunlight94.What is the first month of the year?A. DecemberB. JanuaryC. FebruaryD. March95.The _______ of an atom is found in the nucleus.96.The __________ helps to shape the planet's climate.97. (French) Revolution inspired movements around the world. The ____98.What is the name of the famous painting by Vincent van Gogh?A. The Starry NightB. The ScreamC. Girl with a Pearl EarringD. The Last SupperA99.My sister is a great __________ (编程员).100.Which fruit is yellow and curved?A. AppleB. BananaC. GrapeD. Orange。

小学下册Y卷英语第四单元测验卷

小学下册英语第四单元测验卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The rabbit loves to hop around the _________. (院子)2.The __________ (历史的意义) informs our present and future.3.The chemical formula for glucose is ______.4.Chlorine is used to ______ water.5.The _____ (叶子) change color in autumn.6.The _____ (小鸟) sings sweetly at dawn.7.My ___ (小兔子) has long ears and a fluffy tail.8.What do we call the process of taking care of plants?A. GardeningB. FarmingC. CultivationD. All of the aboveD All of the above9.I saw a _______ (小狼) playing with its siblings.10.The chemical formula for bismuth oxide is _______.11.What do we call the area of land that is level and flat?A. MountainB. ValleyC. PlainD. PlateauC Plain12.What is the capital of the British Virgin Islands?A. Road TownB. Virgin GordaC. TortolaD. AnegadaA13.What is the term for a young horse?A. FoalB. CalfC. KidD. LambA14.My sister enjoys __________ (弹吉他).15.I have a plant that thrives in _____.16.__________ reactions can produce heat or light.17.The process of fermentation can produce __________ and carbon dioxide.18.The main gas released during fermentation is ______.19.What do we call the study of living organisms?A. BiologyB. AstronomyC. ChemistryD. Physics20.The ________ has many colors.21.What is the term for an animal that eats both plants and meat?A. HerbivoreB. CarnivoreC. OmnivoreD. ScavengerC22.My friend is __________ (勇敢的) and stands up for others.23.My favorite season is ______ (夏天).24.The bird is singing in the _____.25.We learn about ______ (历史) in class.26.My pet hamster loves to explore new ______ (地方).27. A _______ can provide essential nutrients.28.The chemical formula for sulfur dioxide is ______.29.I want to _____ (become/learn) a teacher.30.The ancient Egyptians used _______ for mummification.31.She is a great ________.32.My favorite fruit to eat is ______.33.I see _____ in the pet store.34.The __________ is a famous city known for its flowers. (阿姆斯特丹)35.The ancient city of Babylon was known for its _______. (空中花园)36.What is the primary purpose of a lock?A. To keep doors openB. To protect belongingsC. To hold things togetherD. To keep things warmB37.I love to _____ (explore) the woods for plants.38.My friend is a _____ (演员) in a popular show.39.Which of these is not a fruit?A. MangoB. PeachC. LettuceD. Cherry40.The __________ is a major river that flows through China. (长江)41.Which season comes after winter?A. SpringB. SummerC. FallD. AutumnA42.I want to ___ a movie. (see)43. A rabbit's home is called a ________________ (窝).44.The first person to discover America was _______ Columbus.45.What shape is a basketball?A. SquareB. TriangleC. OvalD. SphereD46.My favorite game is ______ (chess).47.What do we call the process of changing from solid to liquid?A. MeltingB. FreezingC. BoilingD. EvaporatingA48.The __________ (熔点) is the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.49.The __________ is a natural system that supports life.50.Which instrument is used to measure temperature?A. BarometerB. ThermometerC. SpeedometerD. AltimeterB51.Which animal is a symbol of wisdom?A. OwlB. FoxC. WolfD. Crow答案:A52. A rabbit's favorite snack is ________________ (胡萝卜).53.I love to watch ________ (动画片) on weekends.54.What is the name of the famous Egyptian queen?A. NefertitiB. CleopatraC. HatshepsutD. TutankhamunB55.The __________ is a famous area known for its charming towns.56.What color are most leaves in summer?A. YellowB. GreenC. RedD. BrownB57.My sister is a ______. She loves to organize events.58.The hawk is _______ (soaring) in the sky.59.What is the capital of Argentina?A. Buenos AiresB. SantiagoC. LimaD. BogotáA60.My ________ (堂弟) is really good at soccer.61.The ______ is a small animal that can climb trees.62.What do we call a person who studies the effects of drugs on behavior?A. PsychopharmacologistB. PsychologistC. BiologistD. ChemistA63.The __________ (历史的回响) echoes through generations.64.What do you call a person who studies the weather?A. MeteorologistB. GeologistC. BiologistD. AstronomerA65.The ________ (生态建设) is vital for health.66.Chinchillas have very soft _________. (毛)67.We go to the library to ___. (read)68.Certain plants are used for ______ (生物燃料).69.The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of ______ degrees.70.What do you call a young buffalo?A. CalfB. KitC. PupD. Cub71.I can ______ (担任) a leadership role.72.We go to the __ on weekends. (beach)73.What is the capital of Turkey?A. IstanbulB. AnkaraC. AntalyaD. IzmirB74.What is the primary function of the lungs?A. To pump bloodB. To digest foodC. To breatheD. To filter wasteC75.Which food is made from wheat?A. RiceB. BreadC. FruitD. Cheese76.My pet lizard is very ______.77. A bear can stand on its ______ (后腿).78.The flowers in the garden are _______ and bright.79.My mom loves to ________ (购物).80.I spend my summer vacation _______ (学习) new things.81. A _______ is used to hold small amounts of liquids in a lab. (试管)82. A diatomic molecule consists of two _______ atoms.83.The __________ (历史的轮廓) frames understanding.84.What is the name of the famous cat in "Puss in Boots"?A. FelixB. TomC. PussD. GarfieldC85.The firefly glows in the ________________ (黑暗).86.In a chemical reaction, the rate can be influenced by factors such as concentration, temperature, and _____.87.The fish swims gracefully in its _________. (水中)88.What is the color of the sun?A. BlueB. YellowC. GreenD. PurpleB89.I enjoy visiting the ________ (植物园) to see flowers.90.What do we call a large, flightless bird?A. EagleB. PenguinC. SparrowD. Parrot91. A nonrenewable resource is one that cannot be ______ quickly.92._____ (宝贵的资源) like trees are crucial for our planet.93.The capital city of Maldives is __________.94.I like to _______ (听故事) before bed.95.What is the main ingredient in a Caesar salad?A. LettuceB. SpinachC. KaleD. Arugula96. A _______ can help to visualize the relationship between force and motion.97.The __________ (历史的思考) encourages critical analysis.98.She is a journalist, ______ (她是一名记者), covering important events.99.urban biodiversity) enhances city environments. The ____100.Electrolysis is a process that uses electricity to break down ______.。

小学下册B卷英语第6单元测验卷

小学下册英语第6单元测验卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I can ______ (进行) research effectively.2.What is the process of taking in food called?A. DigestionB. IngestionC. AbsorptionD. EliminationB3.The lemur has big _______ (眼睛).4.The chemical symbol for copper is ______.5.I wear _____ (帽子) in winter.6.My birthday is in ______ (July).7.His favorite movie is a ________.8.What is the capital of Portugal?A. LisbonB. PortoC. FaroD. CoimbraA9.The ancient Chinese invented _____ paper.10.The chemical formula for iron oxide is ______.11.The ________ can climb up walls.12.One of my favorite hobbies is __________ because it helps me relax.13. A __________ is a creature that can glow in the dark.14.We had a race with our toy ____. (玩具名称)15.He is a musician, ______ (他是一位音乐家), playing in a local band.16.The antelope's graceful movements inspire awe as it navigates the wild with ease and ____.17.The ________ (snow) is falling gently.18.The __________ (中国古代) civilization is one of the oldest in the world.19.Metals tend to lose electrons and form ______.20.What is the term for a baby dog?A. KittenB. PuppyC. CalfD. CubB21.I enjoy ________ (画画) in my free time.22.She _____ (is/are) my best friend.23.The _____ (star/planet) is bright.24.How many wheels does a bicycle have?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4B 225. A cheetah is the fastest _______ on land.26. A ________ (蟒蛇) can grow very long and is often found in jungles.27.My dad loves __________ (参加体育活动).28.The study of Earth's geology is essential for resource ______.29.The ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife and built _____.30.What is the capital of Bolivia?A. La PazB. SucreC. Santa CruzD. CochabambaA La Paz31.I like _______ (画画) pictures of nature.32.The __________ is known for its unique rock formations. (约塞米蒂)33.My brother is a member of the ____ (robotics) club.34.My dad works in an ________.35.The ________ (海洋研究) unveils mysteries of the deep.36.What is the capital of Luxembourg?A. Luxembourg CityB. Esch-sur-AlzetteC. DifferdangeD. DudelangeA37.What is the capital city of Hungary?A. BudapestB. DebrecenC. SzegedD. Pécs38.What is the capital city of Greece?A. AthensB. SpartaC. ThessalonikiD. CreteA39.What do you put on a salad?A. Ice creamB. DressingC. BreadD. CakeB40.I saw a _______ (butterfly) in the garden.41.What do we call a small, round fruit that is usually red or green?A. BananaB. GrapeC. AppleD. Orange42.The ______ (鲸鱼) is a gentle giant of the ocean.43.I can ______ (ride) a horse at the ranch.44.The _____ (frost) can damage young plants.45. A strong electrolyte dissociates completely in ______.46.The ______ (种子) can be planted in the soil.47.The cake is ______ with candles. (decorated)48.I enjoy making ________ (生日卡) for my friends.49. Carta limited the power of the ________ (国王). The Magn50.What do you call a baby swan?A. CygnetB. GoslingC. DucklingD. ChickA51.The skunk is known for its _________ (气味).52.What is the opposite of light?A. HeavyB. DarkC. BrightD. Soft53. A __________ is used to represent the number of atoms in a molecule.54.The ancient Greeks valued ______ (艺术) and philosophy.55.The _____ (flower) is very beautiful.56.My sister loves to ________.57.What do we call the act of achieving objectives?A. AccomplishmentB. SuccessC. FulfillmentD. All of the AboveD58.n Wall fell in _____. The Berl59.I think teamwork is essential. Working together helps us __________ and accomplish our goals. In group projects, I like to __________ and share ideas.60.The baby is ______ in the stroller. (sitting)61.The pelican's bill acts like a net for catching ________________ (鱼).62.Some _______ can spread quickly.63.In my family, we call each other . (在我的家庭中，我们称呼彼此为)64.ts produce _____ (果汁) that is tasty. Some pla65.Which of these is a flying mammal?A. BatB. SquirrelC. FrogD. Lizard66.What do you call a baby turtle?A. HatchlingB. PupC. CalfD. KitA67.Every morning, I water the ________ (植物) in my room. They make me feel very ________ (开心).68.What is the main ingredient in a salad?A. BreadB. VegetablesC. RiceD. Cheese69.We can _______ (唱歌) together.70. (Plymouth) Colony was one of the first settlements in America. The ____71.What is the most popular sport in the world?A. BasketballB. SoccerC. BaseballD. Tennis72.I want to ________ (visit) the zoo.73.I can ______ (识别) different species of birds.74.What do you call a baby sheep?A. CalfB. LambC. KidD. ChickB75.What is the main ingredient in chocolate?A. CocoaB. SugarC. MilkD. WheatA76. A balanced chemical equation has the same number of atoms on both _____.77. A __________ is an area where land is pushed upward.78.I enjoy _______ (画画) in my free time.79. civilization was known for its advanced ______ (数学) and astronomy. The Maya80.The penguin waddles _______ (走路) on the ice.81.What is 2 + 2?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 682.I enjoy visiting ______ during autumn.83.The __________ (历史的思考) encourages critical analysis.84. A ________ (老虎) is a powerful animal that lives in the jungle.85.What is the name of the famous explorers who sailed the ocean blue in 1492?A. Marco PoloB. Christopher ColumbusC. Ferdinand MagellanD. Vasco da GamaB86. A __________ (反应物) is needed for a reaction to occur.87.The ________ was a significant turning point in the fight for freedom.88.I _____ (like/hate) rainy days.89.The Earth's layers interact in complex ______.90.What do you call a large body of salt water?A. LakeB. RiverC. OceanD. PondC91.I have a ___ (new) backpack.92.What is the value of 9 3 × 2?A. 3B. 6C. 9D. 12A93. A chemical that can form salts is called a ______.94.We will _______ (attend) a concert next month.95.The ______ (老虎) is a solitary animal.96.What is the name of the famous British author known for his detective novels?A. Agatha ChristieB. J.K. RowlingC. Charles DickensD. George OrwellA Agatha Christie97.What do you call the person who teaches music?A. TeacherB. MusicianC. ConductorD. ChoirB98.The fox is cunning and known for its ______ (智慧).99.I gave my old ____ to a younger child. (玩具名称)100.What is the name of the main character in "The Great Gatsby"?A. Jay GatsbyB. Nick CarrawayC. Tom BuchananD. Daisy BuchananA。

小学上册B卷英语第1单元自测题

小学上册英语第1单元自测题英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The cat is very _______ (可爱).2.How many bones are in the human skull?A. 22B. 24C. 26D. 28A3.What do you call a book for children?A. NovelB. Picture bookC. EncyclopediaD. TextbookB4.He is helping his dad with the ___. (yard work)5.In a chemical reaction, the end products are known as ______.6.What is the name of the famous American singer known as the "King of Rock and Roll"?A. Elvis PresleyB. Michael JacksonC. Frank SinatraD. Johnny CashA7.The ______ (根茎的生长) supports nutrient uptake.8.What is the value of 10 2 + 4?A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 13B9. A ____ has sharp teeth and lives in dens.10.The __________ is bright and clear, perfect for stargazing. (天空)11.What do you call the study of living things?A. PhysicsB. ChemistryC. BiologyD. GeologyC12.The chef works in a busy _____ (餐厅).13.What is the name of the famous detective created by Arthur Conan Doyle?A. Sherlock HolmesB. Hercule PoirotC. Sam SpadeD. Miss MarpleA Sherlock Holmes14.What do we call the study of living things?A. ChemistryB. BiologyC. PhysicsD. Astronomy15.What is the capital of Palau?A. NgerulmudB. KororC. AiraiD. MelekeokA16.What is the name of our galaxy?A. AndromedaB. Milky WayC. TriangulumD. WhirlpoolB17.My sister likes to _______ (动词) with her friends. 她总是 _______ (形容词).18.We can ___ a fun game. (play)19.What is the main source of energy for the Earth?A. WindB. SolarC. WaterD. CoalB20.What do we celebrate on December 25th?A. HalloweenB. ThanksgivingC. ChristmasD. New YearC21.I need to ________ my lunch.22.What do you call the clothes you wear on your feet?A. SocksB. ShoesC. BootsD. All of the above23.Planting _____ (景观植物) enhances outdoor aesthetics.24.I want to learn how to ______ (dance) ballet.25.She is wearing a ______ (dress).26.How many colors are in the American flag?A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. FiveB27.What do we call the act of preparing food?A. CookingB. BakingC. GrillingD. All of the AboveD28.n Tea Party was a protest against __________ (税收). The Bost29.What do we call the study of ancient artifacts?A. AnthropologyB. ArchaeologyC. HistoryD. SociologyB30.What do we call the outer layer of the Earth?A. CrustB. MantleC. CoreD. Shell31. (60) is a popular place for hiking. The ____32.I think animals are very _______ (形容词). They bring joy and _______ (快乐) to our lives.33.The chemical formula for ascorbic acid is ______.34.What do we call a large body of saltwater?A. RiverB. LakeC. OceanD. Pond35.What is the capital of the United States?A. New YorkB. Washington D.C. C. Los AngelesD. Chicago36.The first female Prime Minister of India was _______ Gandhi.37.My favorite animal is a ________.38.I saw a _______ (狐狸) in the forest.39.The rabbit has fluffy ______.40.Oxygen is essential for ______.41.What do you call the area of land that is surrounded by water on three sides?A. PeninsulaB. IslandC. BayD. Cape42.Which fruit is known for having seeds on the outside?A. GrapesB. StrawberryC. BlueberryD. RaspberryB43.The _______ of light can create various effects in art and design.44.What do we call a group of fish swimming together?A. SchoolB. PodC. FlockD. Pack45.What do we call a scientist who studies the environment?A. EcologistB. BiologistC. ChemistD. GeologistA46.What type of tree produces acorns?A. PineB. OakC. MapleD. BirchB47.My grandma is very good at ____.48.The __________ (历史的探讨) invites dialogue.49.The _____ (马戏团) has clowns.50.The ______ (小鸡) pecks at the ground for food.51.The __________ (历史的思考) encourages critical analysis.52. A ________ can be a great pet.53.What do we call the time of year when it gets very hot?A. WinterB. SpringC. SummerD. Autumn54.I drink _____ (coffee/juice) in the morning.55.The ______ is a layer of rock that lies directly beneath the Earth's surface.56.This ________ (玩具) inspires me to be creative.57.The koala sleeps most of the day in a ______ (树上).58.The _______ can produce seeds for future planting.59.I value honesty in friendships. Being truthful helps build trust and strengthens our bonds. I appreciate friends who are always honest with me.60.What is the term for a baby goldfish?A. FryB. PupC. KitD. ChickA61.What is the primary function of leaves?A. To absorb waterB. To make foodC. To support the plantD. To store nutrientsB62.What is 15 9?A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7C63.How do you say "good afternoon" in Spanish?A. Buenos díasB. Buenas tardesC. Buenas nochesD. Adiós64.My pet ______ (猫) loves to play with toys.65.Which animal barks?A. CatB. CowC. DogD. Duck66.The _______ of an object can be affected by the surface it is on.67.We watched a documentary about the ________ (极地).68.His favorite color is ________.69._____ (春天) is when many plants start to bloom.70.The ________ (农业发展政策) shape practices.71.I eat breakfast at ___ (morning/night).72.My grandma has a beautiful _______ (名词). 它在 _______ (地点).73.The process of freezing occurs when a liquid loses _______.74.My brother loves to go __________ (露营) with friends.75.My dog loves _______ (去公园) for walks.76.What do we call a scientist who studies plants?A. ZoologistB. BotanistC. ChemistD. Physicist答案:B77.I see a _____ (蜘蛛) in the corner.78.What do you use to write on paper?A. PaintB. MarkerC. PencilD. All of the aboveD79. A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond ______.80.What is the capital of Cyprus?A. NicosiaB. LimassolC. LarnacaD. FamagustaA Nicosia81. A __________ is a visual tool for understanding chemical reactions.82.can Civil War was fought over issues of ________ (奴隶制). The Amer83.The ______ (秋风) can cause leaves to fall.84.An indicator is a substance that changes color in response to _____.85.The butterfly emerges from its _____ chrysalis.86.What do we use to keep our food cold?A. OvenB. StoveC. RefrigeratorD. MicrowaveC87.What do you call a place where you can see many different animals?A. FarmB. AquariumC. ZooD. Wildlife ParkC88.The parrot loves to sit on my _________ (肩膀).89. A __________ is a measure of the amount of space an object occupies.90.What is the opposite of 'in'?A. OutB. InsideC. WithinD. IntoA91. A combustion reaction produces ______ and water.92.The beach has _____ (sand/water).93. A gazelle is known for its speed and ______ (优雅).94.The bird has a bright ______.95.I have a ___ and a dog. (cat)96.Which instrument has keys and is played by pressing them?A. ViolinB. FluteC. PianoD. DrumC97.We have ______ (math) class at o'clock.98.I love to ______ (与朋友一起) watch movies.99.The __________ is a famous mountain range in the United States. (落基山脉) 100.My cousin is a ______. She loves to create digital art.。

critical analysis 模板

critical analysis 模板一、背景介绍本次分析的主题是XXX，它是一个广泛使用的XXX工具。

XXX在XXX领域中得到了广泛应用，为用户提供了XXX功能。

二、分析目的本次分析的目的在于评估XXX的优点和缺点，以及它在不同场景下的表现，从而为用户提供参考，帮助用户更好地了解和使用XXX。

三、文献综述在文献综述部分，我们将讨论XXX在市场上的竞争情况，以及其他用户对XXX的评价和反馈。

此外，我们还将讨论XXX在功能、性能、易用性等方面的文献资料。

四、分析方法为了进行客观、准确的分析，我们采用了以下几种分析方法：1) 对比分析；2) 定量分析；3) 用户反馈分析。

通过这些方法，我们能够全面了解XXX的性能和特点。

五、分析结果1. 优点：XXX具有XXX功能，可以帮助用户快速完成XXX任务。

同时，它的操作简单、易于上手，得到了广大用户的认可。

2. 缺点：XXX在某些情况下可能会出现性能问题，如加载缓慢、卡顿等。

此外，由于其功能相对单一，对于一些特殊场景，可能无法满足用户的需求。

3. 表现：在XXX的使用过程中，我们发现用户在使用XXX时存在一些问题，如操作不当、使用时间过长等。

这些问题可能会影响用户的使用体验和效率。

六、结论和建议综合以上分析，我们认为XXX有其优点和缺点，适合在特定的场景下使用。

为了提高用户的使用体验和效率，我们建议用户在使用XXX 时，要注意合理使用，避免过度依赖，同时也要注意保护个人隐私和数据安全。

此外，我们建议开发者可以考虑增加更多的功能，以满足不同用户的需求。

七、参考文献在最后部分列出相关的参考文献，包括但不限于相关论文、报告、网站等。

确保引用来源的可信度和准确性。

八、附录提供分析过程中使用的数据、表格、图表等相关辅助材料，以供读者参考。

以上就是critical analysis模板的内容，希望能够帮助到您。

如有任何疑问，请随时联系我。

2.5故障类型、影响和危险度分析(FMEA)

2.5.3故障类型、影响和危险度分析 (FMECA)
1.风险矩阵法
故障发生的可能性和故障发生后引起的后果，综合考虑后会得出比较准确的衡量标准，这个标准称为风险率。它代表故障概率和严重度的综合评价。 (1)故障概率故障概率一般按统计时间内的实际故障次数除以统计时间内实际工作小时数进行计算。若实际统计有困难，可以使用以下定性和定量分类方法确定单个故障类型的概率。 ①定性分类法: Ⅰ级：故障概率很低，元件操作期间出现的机会可以忽略; Ⅱ级：故障概率低，元件操作期间不易出现; Ⅲ级：故障概率中等，元件操作期间出现的机会为50%; Ⅳ级：故障概率高，元件操作期间易于出现。
分析对象
确定分析层次
建立故障类型清单、分析故障原因及其影响
确定故障等级
编制分析文件
(1)了解分析对象，明确系统任务和组成分析时首先要熟悉有关资料，从中了解系统的组以及正常和故障的条件，从每个硬件的故障类型
出发，研究它们对系统产生的影响。要熟悉子系统的性能及各子系统之间的相互关系，并准备一些必要的资料: ①设计任务书及技术设计说明; ②有关此类生产的法令、标准、规范、制度; ③工艺流程，主要设备图纸及说明; ④同类系统的事故事例，预先危险性分析、图表及可靠性数据等。
2.5 故障类型、影响和危险度分析
2.5.2故障类型和影响分析 (FMEA) 2.分析步骤 (2)确定分析的层次(3/3)
该可靠性框图说明了以下问题: ①主系统分成了三个子系统，即10,20,30，每一个子系统发生故障都会对主系统发生影响。 ②子系统10包括三个组件:11,12,13。 ③组件11受元件01A,01B,02,03,04,05和06的影响，它们在串联的情况下进行工作。 ④元件01A和01B相同，是冗余系统。 ⑤元件02由两个零件a和b组成。 ⑥从功能上看，元件03受元件07和其他系统的影响。 ⑦虚线所包含的零件04在特定情况下发生作用。 ⑧元件05和06是备件，在某些特定情况下，05发生故障时，06起作用。 ⑨元件07在正常运转时不发生作用。从框图可以明确看出分析系统、子系统、元件间的分析层次。

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Yawen Wei
January 26, 2014
ALS 162
Critical Analysis In the article “Extreme do-gooders –what makes them tick?” Jina Moore (2009) writes about the reasons of people becoming extreme do-gooders and uses many quotations to inform the audience of the charters of extreme do-gooders. The author’s tone is very conversational and has positive effect for her writing purpose. What’s more, she uses a lot of ethos to makes the article more conclusive.
Moore raises questions of why extreme do–gooders make the choice to do good things to her audiences in third paragraph, which made her article seem very informal and conversational. These help her audience to relate to him on a personal level.
Moore also uses a lot of examples to enhance her statement. In her article, many words and thoughts are from others conclusion and opinion. For example, she uses Ashoka’s calculation in fourth paragraph which supports her opinion of only a few numbers of people becoming social entrepreneur. What’s more, the fifth and seventh paragraphs are filled with quotes from Mr. Drayton’s to show that it’s not easy to become a social entrepreneur, a lot of conditions are needed to achieve this. Since Mr. Drayton is a famous social entrepreneur and the founder of a nonprofit organization, his remarks about this area is very cogent and reliable. Last but not the least, she recommends Dr. Etzioni’s words as ethos that although not everyone could be a social entrepreneur, we still have hundreds of ways to do good things.
In conclusion, Moore effectively informs that the requisites of becoming a social entrepreneur are very rigorous that only a few of us can achieve it.。