unit 5 the villain in the atmosphere
大学英语精读第二册 Unit 5 The Villain in the Atmosphere
There is one gas present in the air we breathe that is essential to life.Unfortunately,one can have too much of a good thing and the growth in carbon dioxide threatens to warm up our planet to a dangerous extent.Isaac Asimov introduces us to this villain in the atmosphere,explaining how it works and what can be done about it.UNIT 5 The Villain in the AtmosphereThe villain in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide.It does not seem to be a villain. It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity — only 0.034 percent — that it does us no harm.What’s more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the air is essential to life. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into their own tissue, which serve as the basic food supply for all of animal life (including human beings, of course). In the process they liberate oxygen, which is also necessary for all animal life.But here is what this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas is doing to us:The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. In all likelihood, it will continue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the course of the next hundred years. Where there are low-lying coastal areas (where a large fraction of the world’s population lives) the water will advance steadily, forcing people to retreat inland.Eventually the sea will reach two hundred feet above its present level, and will be splashing against the windows along the twentieth floors of Manhattan’s skyscrapers. Florida will disappear beneath the waves, as will much of the British Isles, the crowded Nile valley, and the low-lying areas of China, India, and Russia.Not only will many cities be drowned, but much of the most productive farming areas of the world will be lost. As the food supply drops,starvation will be widespread and the structure of society may collapse under the pressure.And all because of carbon dioxide. But how does that come about? What is the connection?It begins with sunlight, to which the various gases of the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide) are transparent. Sunlight, striking the top of the atmosphere, travels right through miles of it to warm the Earth’s surface. At night, the Earth cools by radiating heat into space in the form of infrared radiation.However, the atmosphere is not quite as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible light. Carbon dioxide in particular tends to block such radiation. Less heat is lost at night, for that reason, than would be lost if carbon dioxide were not present in the atmosphere. Without the small quantity of that gas present, the Earth would be distinctly cooler, perhaps uncomfortably cool.We can be thankful that carbon dioxide is keeping us comfortably warm, but the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is going up steadily and that is where the villainy comes in. In 1958, carbon dioxide made up only 0.0316 percent of the atmosphere. Each year since, the concentration has crept upward and it now stands at 0.0340 percent. It is estimated that by 2020 the concentration will be nearly twice what it is now.This means that in the coming decades, Earth’s average temperature will go up slightly. As a result, the polar ice caps will begin to melt.Something like 90 percent of the ice in the world is to be found in the huge Antarctica ice cap, and another 8 percent is in the Greenland ice cap. If these ice caps begin to melt, the sea level will rise, with the result that I have already described.But why is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere steadily rising?To blame are two factors. First of all, in the last few centuries, first coal, then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate. The carbon contained in these fuels, which has been safely buried underground for many millions of years, is now being burned to carbon dioxide and poured into the atmosphere at a rate of many tons per day.To make matters worse, Earth’s forests have been disappearing, slowly at first, but in the last couple of centuries quite rapidly. Right now it is disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute.Whatever replaces the forest — grassland or farms or scrub — produces plants that do not consume carbon dioxide at an equal rate. Thus, not only is more carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere through burning of fuel, but as the forests disappear, less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere by plants.But this gives us a new perspective on the matter. The carbon dioxide is not rising by itself. It is people who are burning the coal, oil, and gas. It is people who are cutting down the forests. It is people, then, who are the villains.What is to be done?First, we must save our forests, and even replant them.Second, we must have new sources of fuel that do not involve the production of carbon dioxide. Nuclear power is one of them, but if that is thought too dangerous, there are other alternatives. There is the energy of waves, tides, wind, and the Earth’s interior heat. Most of all, there is the direct use of solar energy.All of this will take time, work, and money, to be true, but nations spend more time, work, and money in order to support competing military machines that can only destroy us all. Should we object to spending less time, work, and money in order to save us all?。
新视野大学英语Book2.unit5
UNIT5 The villain in the atmosphere1.Why is the world getting hotter?global warming, greenhouse effect2. What is the greenhouse effect?the sun, radiation, warm the planet, natural source of heat, absorb, get trapped to the layer, escape, extra bit hotter, over and over again3. Which gas is the most in the atmosphere?carbon dioxide, 50%4. Where CO2 comes from?everyday lives，domesticating, power station, industry, transport5. How could we reduce these gases? But what do people do then?planting more trees, just do the opposite, cut them down, more polluting factories and roads 6. What can we do as individuals to help the effort to stop global warming.With increased economic activity all over the world, people burn more and more coal, oil and gas every day, pouring an ever rising amount of carbon dioxide into the air. At the same time, due to the increase of population, more and more forests, which could absorb carbon dioxide, are turned into farming land, thus aggravating the greenhouse effect and causing the whole Earth to grow warmer and warmer.T o stop this warming trend, every country must first try to find alternative energy sources, such as solar and atomic power, and reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. Then effective measures must be taken to protect whatever trees are left uncut in the world. Furthermore, new trees should be planted every year so that forests will cover more and more areas of our globe.As individuals, we can also contribute to the effort to stop global warming. In our homes, we can use energy efficient appliances, or use solar or wind power, which don’t emit carbon dioxide. While going out, we can use public transportation instead of driving a private car. We can even walk or bike to school or work. If we must drive, we can use a car that gets high mileage, or join a car pool when possible. With the joint effort of every country and every individual, we may hope to restore the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to its previous levels and prevent the disasters that threaten as a result of global weathe r changeParaphrase:1. It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity —only 0.034 percent —that it does us no harm.-------它毒性不大，在大气层中的含量极小——只占0.034％——不会对我们造成任何伤害。
英语精读学习
Text interpretation
7. Sunlight, striking the top of the atmosphere… 8. …the Earth cools by radiating heat into space in the form of infrared radiation. 9. …the atmosphere is not quite as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible light. 10. Carbon dioxide in particular tends to block such radiation. 11. Less heat is lost…than would be lost if carbon dioxide were not present in the atmosphere. 12. Without the small quantity of that gas present, the Earth would be distinctly cooler…
From the … of Alternative energy
Text interpretation
Warm-up questions
1. Have you ever noticed any weather changes where you live? 2. Do you have any idea of the greenhouse effect? What is the cause? What is the effect? What is a way out? 3. Background Information外教社课件
大学英语 精读课后问题 2
大学英语精读Unit 1 The Dinner Party1. Where and when did the story take place?It took place in India when she was a British colony2. Who gave the dinner party and what guests were invited to it?A colonial official and his wife gave the dinner party; apart from officers and their wives, a visiting American naturalist was invited.3. What was the subject of the discussion between the young girl and the major? They had a heated discussion about how women react to a crisis4. What did the American naturalist do when they were having this discussion? What kind of expression did he see come over the hostess’s face?5. What did the naturalist come to realize when he saw the native boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda?6. Did he jump back and warn the others? What did he do instead, then?No. Instead, he said that he wanted to know how well they could control themselves and asked them to sit still until he counted up to three hundred.7. What happened before he finished the counting?The cobra emerged and made for the bowl of milk.8. How did the hostess know that the cobra was in the room?Because it had been crawing across her foot.Unit2 Lessons from Jefferson1.Why do we associate the name of Thomas Jefferson with the Declaration of Independence?Because Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.2.Give an example to show that Jefferson believed personal investigation is important When he was young, he was appointed to a committee to find out some things while the other members of the committee sat in state capital and studied papers on thesubject, he got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observation.3.What was Jefferson’s attitude towards people of humble origins?In this time, the people who belonged to the higest social class almost not spoke to those of humble origins. But Jefferson didn’t. He went into them and spoke with them because he thougt we can learn from everyone.4.Why did he insist upon having a free press?Because he thought only a free press can tell the truth.5.What was the philosophy underlying Jefferson’s determination never to answer his critics?He thought every coin has two sides.6.Jefferson was an expert in many fields. Name some of them.Not only he was good at politics, but also at writing, education, medicine and architecture.7.Why was Jefferson chosen to write the Declaration of Independence?Because of his wide knowledge and talent, Jefferson was chosen to write the Declaration of Independence.8.Why does the author say that American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson?Because he believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.Unit 3 My First Job1. What job was advertised in the local newspaper?It was a teaching job available at a village school near London.2. How far was the school from where the narrator lived?It was about ten miles away.3. Why did he want to find a job?He was very short of money and also he wanted to do something useful.4. Did he feel nervous when he got there?No. He was too depressed to feel nervous.5. What did the headmaster look like?He was short, fat, and bald, with a sandy-colored moustache and a wrinkled forehead.6. Was it a large co-ed school?No. It consisted of only one class of 24 boys.7. Were they at the same level?No. They were at three different levels.8. How was the narrator supposed to deal with the class?He would have to divide the class into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels.9. What subject was he expected to teach?He would have to teach all subjects except art.10. Who was the real boss in the school?It was the headmaster’s wife who really ran the school.Unit 4 The Professor and the Y o-Yo1. Why did Albert Einstein show a yo-yo to his young visitor?Because he wanted to make the young visitor feel at ease.2. Why was Einstein content to go as far as he could?Because he knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach.3. Give an example to show that Einstein was beyond any pretension.For example, he corresponded with many of the world’s most import ant people; however, his stationery carried only a watermark----W----for Woolworth’s.4. Did material thing mean a great deal to the professor? Cite examples to support your answer.Material things meant nothing to him. For example, to do his work, he needed only a pencil and a pad of papper; when he came out, he never carry money because he thougt he never have any use of it; he used only a safety razor; although hecorresponded with many of the most important people he also use the simple paper. 5. What kind of mood was Einstein in after he tried the shaving cream? Why was he in such a state of mind?He was beaming with pleasure because he had a new discovery.6. What won Einstein the Nobel Prize? What did he think of the photoelectric theory? Did it prove to be of any practical value?He won the Nobel Prize for his photoelectric theory, which he considered relatively minor in importance, and it was the theory that makes TV possible.7. How did Einstein feel about his own fame?He couldn’t understand it. He thought it had been his good fortune that his ideas had been accepted. He never could understand why he received this attention, why he was singled out as something special.8. What does this article tell you about Einstein as a scientist and a man?It tells us that Einstein was a great scientist and an ordinary man.9. Do you like the title? Why or why not?I think this is a good title. First; it can present the theme of the article. That is, Einstein was a great scientist and an ordinary man. Second; it can draw our interests to read the passage because it is “new”.Unit 5 The Villain in the Atmosphere1. Who is the “villain” in the atmosphere?Carbon Dioxide----CO2.2. What does carbon dioxide do to plants and animal life on the Earth?Plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into their own tissue, which, in turn, serve as the basic food for all of animal life, including human beings.3. What is happening to the sea level? What will the rising sea level do to our life? The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year and it will continue to rise and do so at an ever greater rate. The low-lying areas on earth might be drowned in thehundred years to come.4. What does carbon dioxide do to the temperature of the Earth?Carbon dioxide tends to block infrared radiation and less heat is lost at night. As the result of a greater concentration of carbon dioxide in atmosphere, Earth’s average temperature will go up slightly but constantly in the coming decades.5. How come that the concentration of the gas in the atmosphere is going up steadily? It is due to two factors. First of all, in the past few centuries, coal, oil and natural gas have burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate. The carbon contained in these fuels is now being turned to carbon dioxide and poured into atmosphere.Secondly,Earth’s forests have been vanishing at the rate of 64 acres a minute----less and less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere.6. So in the final analysis, who are the villains and who are the victims?It is people who are at once both villains and victims.7. What should be done?Save the forest first, and then try to find new sources of energy.Unit 6 The making of a Surgeon1. What question did Dr.Nolen ask himself as the year of his chief residency came to an end? What was his answer?The question was how a doctor recognizes the point in time when he is finally a surgeon. The answer is self-confidence.2. Why did Dr.Nolen dread the ringing of the telephone during the first few months of his year as chief resident?Because it meant that another critical decision to be made.3. Why did he lose a lot of sleep at night during those months?Because he would review all the facts of the case and wonder if he have made a poor decision,4. How did he try to find the peace of mind he needed to relax?He would get out of bed, dress and drive to the hospital to see the patient himself at 2 or 3 in the morning.5. Why was the doctor able to sleep well in the last month of his residency?First, he believed that with his knowledge and experience, any decision was bound to be made. Second, sometime he still couldn’t be sure of his decision, but he had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon. So once he had made a considered decision, he no longer dwelt in it.6. How did Dr, Nolen come to think that he didn’t need to sweat any more?He had sweated for 5 years. He had enough knowledge and experience to handle any case,7. Why wasn’t he afraid of making mistakes when he was out in practice?Because he k new that mistakes were part of a surgeon’s life and he thought if he wasn’t able to avoid a mistake, probably no other surgeon could have, either.8. What do you think of his attitude towards errors?I think his attitude towards errors was correct. He wasn’t afraid of making mistakes, although he would do his best to avoid them. He believed mistakes were part of a surgeon’s life,9. Do you agree with Dr.Nolen that a surgeon needs conceit?Yes, a surgeon does need conceit to encourage him in trying moments.10. Do you think all conceited people will do well in their work? Why or why not? No, I don’t think so. In my opinion, only those whose conceit is based on enough knowledge and experience can do well in their work.Unit 7 Not on My Block1. Why did Ethel Armstead take to the gray row house right away?Because it had an extra bedroom and a big backyard where her grandkids could play. The marble stoop would be perfect spot to sit on summer evenings.2. What did Armstead see when she came home from work that first night aftermoving into her new house?She found a bunch of tough-looking young men sitting on her front steps,3. How did the young men resond when Armstead told them to make way for her? They rose reluctantly, staring at her with cold, hard eyes.4. Who were the young men? Why did they occupy Armstead’s front steps?They were drug dealers. Because they hid their drugs under the front steps. And as a steady stream of cars and foot traffic passed by, the dealers could conducted business on the stoop.5. What was the unexpected challenge Armstead had to meet back in the mid-1990s? How did she respond to the challenge?Back in the mid-1990s, when her own daughter was addicted to drugs and her young grandchildren faced foster care, Armstead got custody of the three boys and one girl.6. What did Armstead decide to do a month or so after she moved in?She decided to talk to those young men,7. What did Arms read tell the young men’s leader? Why did she keep her face a mask when talking to him?She told the young man that she didn’t want him and his friends dealing drugs in front of her grandkids anymore. They were to stay off her property, off the vacant property next door, off the corner.Because Armstead’s inside were turning over, but she knew she couldn’t show her fear.8. Did the young men do as they were told to?Yes, these young men left. But a few days later, they came back again and again.9. What happened after Armstead repeated her request over and over again?They began to listen and respect Armstead,and they began to build a harmonious relationship to each other,Who was Angela Dawson? What happened to her and her family?Angela Dawson had waged her own battle against a different set of drug pushers----and lost,Dawson house was set on fire and Angela, her husband,Carnell,and five of their children died,10. What did Armistead and BUILD do for the community?They drove drug dealers off a vacant lot and built a playground.They established an extended-day program at school to keep kids off the sreets,They prompted the city and local churches to step up efforts to redevelop anandoned houses.11. How does Armstead feel about the impact she’s had?Armstead is modest about the impact she’s had.Unit 8 Honesty: Is It Going out of Style?1.What percentage of American high school students have confessed to cheating on exams according to a recent poll?Sixty one percent. It may not amount to much because most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor’s test paper.2. Why have professors given up the traditional term paper requirement?It is because many students buy rewritten term papers instead of writing the papers themselves.3. What did the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland do to discourage cheating?The Department of Psychology launched the campaign to prevent students from taking exams for other students.4. How did most of the students at the University of Maryland respond to the measure taken by the Department of Psychology?Most of the students applauded the campaign.5. Tell in your own words the story about Abraham Lincoln and the one about George Washington.When Lincoln was young, he served as a salesclerk. One day he over charged a customer a penny, when he found out, he walked five miles to return the penny. When George Washington was a little boy, there was a yard attached to his house. One day his father found out that the cherry tree in the yard had been cut down. LittleGeorge didn’t lie and told his father. “I cut it down with my ax.”6. Are the stories true? Where does the author think lies the importance of both stories?The story about Lincoln was true, but the story about the cherry tree was invented by Washington’s frst biographer. The importance of both stories is that honesty was seen as an important part of the American character.7.How does the author form the opinion that people need to know one another to be at their honest best? What do you think of his reasoning?The author formed his opinion by the story about Lincoln. Lincoln and his customer knew each other very well and couldn’t cheat each other.8. What is a watch-dog committee? How does the author explain why there are so many of them at all levels of society?A watch-dog committee is a committee which acts as a watchful guardian, especially against unlawful practice. There are so many organizations like these in the society because the vase majority of Americans still believe that honesty is an important part of the American character.9. How, according to the author, is dishonesty linked to the economy?When times are hard, dishonesty usually goes up. When times get better it tends to go down.10. Do you agree with the author that dishonesty has something to do with distrust? Give your reasons.Yes. I think this statement makes sense. If a person does not feel he is trusted, he might fight back by dishonest dealings.11. Basing yourself on the information in the text, how would you answer the question asked in the title?My answer is “no”. It is true that incidents of cheating have gone up in recent years, but we can still see any people striving to preserve the old values.12.Discuss the attitudes towards cheating on your campus.There are basically four kinds of attitudes:1) Cheating is a shameful deed. I shall try my best to stay away from it and to preventothers from doing so.2) I don’t cheat on exams. But I don’t care whether other students are cheating.3) If my friend seeks my help in the exam. I don’t know how to say “no”.4) Cheating is the only way for me to get by the exams without studying a lot.。
大学英语精读第三册unit 5
estimate v.估计; 评价, 评估/ n. The gardener estimated that it would take him four hours to weed the garden. I don't know her well enough to form an estimate of her abilities.
competition n.比赛 , 竞争 There will be a chess competition next week.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 20-30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On a Harmonious Dormitory Life. You should write 100120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 宿舍生活有时会出现不和谐的情况; 2. 一个和谐宿舍生活的必要性; 3. 如何创造和谐的宿舍生活。
The greenhouse effect is important. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming may cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.
unit_5_The_Villain_in_the_Atmosphere
Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouses look like a small glass house. Greenhouses are used to grow plants, especially in the winter. Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun. The glass panels of the greenhouse let in light but keep heat from escaping.
So in order to stop the global warming, we should take measures to reduce these greenhouse gases, especially CO2, such as: -- planting more trees to absorb the carbon dioxide -- reducing the number of polluting factories and roads -- using new and renewable sources of energy not involving the production of greenhouse gases etc.
3. Do you have any idea of the greenhouse effect? How does it affect the temperature on Earth? What is a way out? The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, for example) trap energy from the sun.
Unit 5 The villain
V. Language points
• 1. poisonous
• The burning of the oil gives off poisonous gas.
2.essential
• • • • • Money is not essential to happiness. Its synonym? vital bare essentials n. 最基本的用品
Others?
industrial pollution PM
snowy rainy
overcast haze
Difference between Haze and Fog?
• Relative Humidity visibility • fog >90% <1 km • haze <80% 1km~10km
Discussion
• Due to the cold snap, people suggest that some areas in the southern part of the country - such as Shanghai – should turn on their public heating systems. • On the other hand, some people argue that the burning of the coal would lead to more serious environmental problems. • What’s your opinion?
3. absorb
• absorb sunlight • I am absorbed in watching thrillers.
4.convert
大学英语精读2 U5 The Villain in the Atmosphere
15. Collapse v.倒塌；瓦解；失败 e.g. His business empire collapsed under a massive burden of debt.
16. Under pressure 压力之下 • Blood/air pressure 血压、气压
17. In connection with 与……有关 18. Transparent adj. e.g. what is transparent in our daily life?
Passage
True or False
1. Carbon dioxide is very poisonous, although it is present in the atmosphere in a small quantity, it does us harm. ( F )
2. Carbon dioxide is one of the essential gases to life in the atmosphere. ( T ) 3. The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year, mainly because of too much rain in these areas. ( F )
Unit 5
The Villain in the Atmosphere
Warm-up Questions
• Have you seen any disaster films? Describe them please. 【extreme weather events
Warm-up Questions
Detailed Analysis
大学英语精读第二册Unit5 the villain in the atmosphere
Eg: Because I live in a remote village, I regard my car as an essential. 2) adj. necessary； needed 必要的，必不可少的 be essential to / for sth = be vital to / for sth 对…是必不可少的 Water is essential to / for the growth of crops. It is essential/vital that you (should) go there in person. essential & necessary 这两个形容词均有“必不可少的， 必需的”之意。 essential: 指对事物本身性质具有决定性的重要性，暗含不可缺 少，否则便无法存在。 necessary: 最常用词，侧重由客观因素决定的某种需要，强调不 可避免，但并非绝不可缺少。
你知道吸烟at there’s a connection between smoking and heart disease? Collocation: establish / make a connection break connection close / intimate connection foreign / international connection 建立交往 / 联系 断绝交往 / 联系 密切的关系 国外 / 国际关系
estimate: vt．1) to calculate (an amount, cost, etc) 估计，估量
2) form an opinion about sth. 评定 Eg: I estimate her age at about thirty-five. I don’t know her well enough to form an estimate of her ability． 我对她不够了解，无法对她的能力作出评价。 Collocation:
大学英语二 课程教学进度计划
7.Translation
8.Check the answer of Reading Activity
8. Check the answer of Reading Activity
1.Paragraph Writing
2.Review of Unit Four
11
第13周
4
Practice and grammar exercise for CET
2.Let the students keep in mind and make proper use of words and phrases.
1. Oral Discussion: the greatest difference between men and women.
2. Translation Activity:
2.New words and phrases.
Oral discussion: What kind of a person do you want to have as your future boss?
Translation activity:
Translate 8 Chinese sentences into English.
3.Teach the students how to appreciate a poem
1. Oral Discussion: Who is the Chinese political leader you admire most? Why?
2. Translation Activity:
Translate 8 Chinese sentences into English.
大学英语精读第二册课文翻译
Unit1 The Dinner Party关于男人是否比女人更勇敢的一场激烈争论以一种颇为出人意料的方式解决了。
晚宴莫娜·加德纳我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像确有其事似的——尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。
后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之前不久，一家杂志曾刊登过这个故事。
但登在杂志上的那篇故事以及写那篇故事的人，我却一直未能找到。
故事发生在印度。
某殖民地官员和他的夫人正举行盛大的晚宴。
筵席设在他们家宽敞的餐室里，室内大理石地板上没有铺地毯；屋顶明椽裸露；宽大的玻璃门外便是走廊。
跟他们一起就坐的客人有军官和他们的夫人，另外还有一位来访的美国博物学家。
席间，一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。
年轻的女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然。
他说：“一遇到危急情况，女人的反应便是尖叫。
而男人虽然也可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略胜一筹。
这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西。
”那个美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。
在他这样观察时，他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的表情。
她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽搐。
她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势，对他耳语了几句。
男仆两眼睁得大大的，迅速地离开了餐室。
在座的客人中除了那位美国人以外谁也没注意到这一幕，也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的走廊上。
那个美国人突然醒悟过来。
在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思——引蛇的诱饵。
他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。
他抬头看了看屋顶上的椽子——那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方——但那上面空荡荡的。
室内的三个角落里也是空的，而在第四个角落里，仆人们正在等着上下一道菜。
这样，剩下的就只有一个地方了——餐桌下面。
他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人发出警告。
但他知道这样会引起骚乱，致使眼镜蛇受惊咬人。
于是他很快讲了一通话，其语气非常威严，竟使得所有的人都安静了下来。
大外一教读写第二册指导手册
Unit 1 The Dinner Party一、教学目标：1.引导学生理解文章大意，让学生认识到女人和男人一样勇敢，且有时比男人更勇敢。
引导学生树立正确的男女平等观念。
2.使学生掌握课文中重点词汇及词组的使用，以及重要的语法点。
3.⑴阅读训练目标：培养学生通过单词的部分来进行理解全单词的意思，如前缀，后缀（参考大学英语第三版第二册P17-18）。
⑵写作训练目标：引导学生通过利用一些并列的连词（如and, but…）和连接性动词(如however, therefore…)将短句或长句进行复合。
（参考大学英语第三版第二册P22）。
二、教学重点：1.引导学生阅读的过程中，使学生明确：作者对男女之间不平等观念的态度，培养学生树立正确的价值观。
2.怎样通过一些单词（如动词和形容词等）描人物的形态和心理。
在实现写作训练的目标中，重点使学生了解并列连词和连接性动词如but, yet, however等的用法。
3.重点短语和句型：Track down be seated spring up at the sight of feellike come to just a minute light up make for ring out like the stoneimages或者结合大学英语第三版第一册相关课文引入4. 新视野上的阅读技巧5. 新视野上的写作技巧三、教学难点：1. 如何快速把握文章大意，理解中心意思；2. 如何通过词根理方法更好准确的把握单词的意思。
四、教学时长：约2×2个课时五、教学方法：启发式讲授法、讨论法、读书指导法（其他可供参考的教学方法：启发式、发现式、设计教学法、注入式方法；讲授法、谈话法、演示法、参观法、实验法、练习法、讨论法、读书指导法、实习作业法，听说法等。
）六、课外作业：1.要求学生认真完成课后的各项作业；2.要求学生写一份课后读后感，通过叙述自己最敬佩的女性来谈谈自己对男女平等观念的理解。
大学英语精读2 U5 The Villain in the Atmosphere
4.Among the gases in the atmosphere, only the concentration of carbon dioxide may result in preventing heat around the Earth from escaping. ( T ) 5. The concentration of carbon dioxide increased steadily and it will be twice what is now by 2020. ( T ) 6. Burning coal, oil and natural gas are ways to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. ( F )
2.
convert
S
e.g. Coal can be converted to gas.
有机物
3. Serve as 充当…；起…的作用 e.g. He was served as a general. 他被任命为将军。
4. But here is what this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas is doing to us: 然而，这一看上去无害而且无疑又必不可少的气体却正 在对我们产生影响。 •以here, there, now, then等副词开头的句子，完全倒装 e.g. There comes the bus! e.g. Now comes your turn. Attention:如果主语是代词时就不倒装。 e.g. Here you are. e.g. There he comes.
21. Be distinct from 有区别 e.g. Engineering and technology are disciplines distinct from one another .
Unit 5 The Villain in the Atmosphere
collapse
1) vi. fall down suddenly because of pressure or lack of strength or support The bridge collapsed under the weight of the train. 在火车的重压下，桥塌了。
这只盒子有个透明的盖子。
radiation: n.
(the sending out of) heat, energy, etc in the form of rays
This apparatus produces harmful radiations.
这个仪器里辐射出有害的物质 emit radiation produce radiation expose sth. to radiation 释放辐射线、 产生辐射 使…暴露于辐射中
apparently: adv.
it seems (that); as it appears
Apparently, you have done a lot of work.
很明显你们已经做了很多工作。 apparent: adj. 显然的, 外观上的
apparent, clear & obvious
widespread: adj
found, placed, etc., in many places
The campaign has received widespread support.
竞选运动得到了广泛的支持。
structure: n
the way in which parts are formed into a whole
大学英语知识点总结
Unit 1 The Dinner Party1. shortly before WW1 一战前不久2. track down 追溯，追查3. be seated 就座4. spring up 突然出现，开始5. outgrow the jumping-on-a-chair-at the sight of a mouse era 不再像过去那样见到老鼠就跳到椅子上6. That last ounce of self-control is what really counts.这多出来的一点自制力才是真正起作用的。
7. motion to sb 向某人示意signal to sb 8. whisper sth to sb 向某人嘀咕，耳语9. the America comes to with a start. 这个美国博物学家突然醒悟了.Startle-----startle10. bait for a snake 蛇的诱饵11. an empty room 一个空房子a bare marble floor 没铺地毯的大理石地板barely any hair====hardly/scarcely any hair 12. serve the next course 上下一道菜a course of dish 一道菜13. frighten sb into doing sth 吓得某人去做…persuade sb into doing sthtalk sb into doing sth threaten sb into doing sth14. out of the corner of his eyes 从他的眼角里15. Stare straight ahead 盯着往前看16. Not move a muscle 纹丝不动17. Make for 前往 out19. Slam the door shut20. Exclaim21. at the sight of 一看见at the thought of 一想起22. a heated/spirited discussion 一场激烈的争论22. an example of perfect self-control 一个镇定自若的典范23. A faint smile lig hts up the hostess’s spots of color brightened her strange expression came over her face.24. a colonial official 一个殖民地官员25. give a large dinner party 办一个盛大的晚宴26. a visiting American naturalist 美国访问博物学家27. a spacious dining room 宽敞的餐厅28. the major 少校 the colonel29. feel like doing sth 想要/喜欢做某事30. commotion 混乱，骚动31. The tone of his voice is so commanding that it silences everyone. 他的语调很威严，让每个人都静下来不出声.32. count three hundred 数三百下count up to three hundred 数到第三百下33. sit like stone images 像石雕一样坐着Sit rootedUnit 2 Lessons from Jeffersonbe of interest/important 很有趣/很重要obtain knowledge from many sources从许多源头获取知识personal investigation 个人调查appoint him to a committee 派他去一个委员会study papers on the subject 研究该课题的文件make on-the-spot observations 做现场观察By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class.无论是论出身还是论教育，杰弗逊都属于最高的社会阶层.noble persons 贵族persons of noble origins 出身高贵的人persons of humble origins 出身卑微的人go out of one’s way to do sth 特意/专门去做某事a cooking pot 做饭的锅If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied. 如果也只有你愿意这样做，你才可能发现为什么人民不满意.Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.上帝赋予你一个判断正确和错误的头脑，就运用它吧.form a correct judgment 形成正确的判断not hesitate a moment to do sth 毫不犹豫地去做某事the former and the latter 前者和后者In a free country, there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength.在一个自由的国度，总会有冲突的意见，而这正是力量的源泉.It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.让自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致.There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.每个问题都有两面.如果你有力地站在一方，那么另一方的人必定会憎恨你的行动.be chained to customs 受习俗的禁锢lose its usefulness 失去它的效用No society can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. 任何一个社会都不能制定出永久的宪法或永久的法律.He didn’t fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.他不惧怕新观点，也不惧怕未来.I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.我满怀希望驾驶着帆船，把恐惧抛在身后.be based on knowledge 以知识为基石men of his age===peer 同龄人practice crop rotation and soil conservation 施行作物轮作和土壤保持standard practice 标准的做法be superior to any other in existence 比现存的任何做法都优越be inferior to 不如…Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central.在杰弗逊的诸多才能中，其中一个是重要的.He was above all a good and tireless writer.首先，他是个优秀的不知疲倦的作家.Ageless-----parentless-----timeless31. complete works 全集32. when the time came to do sth当该做…的时候33. the task of writing it was his. 撰写的任务都落在他的肩头了.34. We hold those truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.]我们坚信这些不言而喻的事实：人人生而平等.Every is born equal.35. He left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples.他给他的同胞留下一笔丰富的思想遗产和范例.36. owe a great debt to 归功于…. ====Be indebted to37. Only a nation of educated people could remain free. 只有一个由受教育的人民组成的国度才能保持自由.Unit 3 My First Jobapply for a teaching job 申请一份教学工作go from bad to worse 每况愈下enter university 进入大学in a suburb of London 在伦敦的郊区be very short of money 手头很紧Without a degree and with no experience in teaching, my chances of getting this job were slim. 一无学历，二无教学经历，我得到可能性是微乎其微.Chances of doing are/were……做某事的机会是……It proved an awkward journey. 这一路原来真是麻烦。
UNIT5TheVillainintheAtmosphere课文翻译大学英语二
UNIT 5 The Villain in the Atmosphere There is one gas present in the air we breathe that is essential to life. Unfortunately, one can have too much of a good thing and the growth in carbon dioxide threatens to warm up our planet to a dangerous extent. Isaac Asimov introduces us to this villain in the atmosphere, explaining how it works and what can be done about it.The villain in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide.It does not seem to be a villain. It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity — only 0.034 percent — that it does us no harm.What’s more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the air is essential to life. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into their own tissue, which serve as the basic food supply for all of animal life (including human beings, of course). In the process they liberate oxygen, which is also necessary for all animal life.But here is what this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas is doing to us:The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. In all likelihood, it will continue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the course of the next hundred years. Where there are low-lying coastal areas (where a large fraction of the world’s population lives) the water w ill advance steadily, forcing people to retreat inland.Eventually the sea will reach two hundred feet above its present level, and will be splashing against the windows along the twentieth floors of Manhattan’s skyscrapers. Florida will disappear beneath the waves, as will much of the British Isles, the crowded Nile valley, and the low-lying areas of China, India, and Russia.Not only will many cities be drowned, but much of the most productive farming areas of the world will be lost. As the food supply drops, starvation will be widespread and the structure of society may collapse under the pressure.And all because of carbon dioxide. But how does that come about? What is the connection?It begins with sunlight, to which the various gases of the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide) are transparent. Sunlight, striking the top of the atmosphere, travels right through miles of it to warm the Earth’s surface. At night, the Earth cools by radiating heat into space in the form of infrared radiation.However, the atmosphere is not quite as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible light. Carbon dioxide in particular tends to block such radiation. Less heat is lost at night, for that reason, than would be lost if carbon dioxide were not present in the atmosphere. Without the small quantity of that gas present, the Earth would be distinctly cooler, perhaps uncomfortably cool.We can be thankful that carbon dioxide is keeping us comfortably warm, but the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is going up steadily and that is where the villainy comes in. In 1958, carbon dioxide made up only 0.0316 percent of the atmosphere. Each year since, the concentration has crept upward and it now stands at 0.0340 percent. It is estimated that by 2020 the concentration will be nearly twice what it is now.This means that in the coming decades, Earth’s average temperature will go up slightly. As a result, the polar ice caps will begin to melt.Something like 90 percent of the ice in the world is to be found in the huge Antarctica ice cap, and another 8 percent is in the Greenland ice cap. If these ice caps begin to melt, the sea level will rise, with the result that I have already described.But why is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere steadily rising?To blame are two factors. First of all, in the last few centuries, first coal, then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate. The carbon contained in these fuels, which has been safely buried underground for many millions of years, is now being burned to carbon dioxide and poured into the atmosphere at a rate of many tons per day.To make matters worse, Earth’s forests have been disappearing, slowly at first, but in the last couple of centuries quite rapidly. Right now it is disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute.Whatever replaces the forest —grassland or farms or scrub —produces plants that do not consume carbon dioxide at an equal rate. Thus, not only is more carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere through burning of fuel, but as the forests disappear, less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere by plants.But this gives us a new perspective on the matter. The carbon dioxide is not rising by itself. It is people who are burning the coal, oil, and gas. It is people who are cutting down the forests. It is people, then, who are the villains.What is to be done?First, we must save our forests, and even replant them.Second, we must have new sources of fuel that do not involve the production of carbon dioxide. Nuclear power is one of them, but if that is thought too dangerous, there are other alternatives. There is the energy of waves, tides, wind, and the Earth’s interior heat. Most of all, there is the direct use of solar energy.All of this will take time, work, and money, to be true, but nations spend more time, work, and money in order to support competing military machines that can only destroy us all. Should we object to spending less time, work, and money in order to save us all?在我们呼吸的空气中，有一种气体对生命是必不可少的。
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• I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
• 我永远不理解你是怎么会一周迟到三次。
• When I woke up, I didn’t know what had come about.
• Find alternative means of transport
• Have you got an alternative suggestion? • This kind of newspaper is alternative press.
• 这种报纸是非正统性报业。
• compete v.竞争，对抗
Unit 5
The Villain In the Atmosphere
by Isaac Asimov
• The villain in the atmosphere→co2 • Why co2 is called the villain in the atmosphere? • Please look at the following pictures and try to find the answer.
4. A celebration is held for the boy at the age when he is considered to have reached . manhood
• collapse v.n 倒塌，垮掉，塌下，坍塌下来 • The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
• One of the alternatives open to you is to resign.
•
•
你辞职也是个办法。
除了你的计划外,还有另外几种供选择的方案。
• There are several alternatives to your plan.
• alternative
• • • adj.两者择一的；供选择的；非主流的 另找一个运输方法 你有没有其他的建议？
Isaac Asimov was born on 2 January 1920 in the former Soviet Union, but grew up in Brooklyn, New York. He taught biochemistry （生物化学） at Boston University until he retired in 1958 to become a full-time writer. Asimov wrote more than 400 books and won every major science fiction award. He also wrote popular books and essays on science and technology, earning him the nickname "The Great Explainer." Isaac Asimov died of ―heart and kidney failure, which were complications of the HIV infection‖ on 6 April 1992. HIV was not revealed as the cause of his death until 2002, when his widow Janet published the memoirs It's Been a Good Life.
这两者之间有本质的区别。
• There are essential differences between the two.
• be essential to/for sth : 必要的；必不可少的；最重要的 • Is money essential to happiness ？
• 金钱对于幸福是必不可少的吗？
• competition
n.竞争；比赛 adj.竞争的；有竞争力的；胜过或超过他人的 n.竞争者；对手
• competitive
• competitor
• come about 发生、产生
• 注：多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句
• Do you know how the air accident came about?
1. She lived in India in her . girlhood 2. I wouldn't like to live in the neighborhood of an airport. boyhood 3. It was his ambition / dream to become a film director.
• I don‗t know what caused the collapse of her marriage.
• 我不知道是什么导致他们婚姻的破裂。
• transparent adj.透明的，显而易见的，明显的
• The glass is transparent.
• 玻璃是透明的。
• It was transparent that her pride was hurt.
high temperatures cause severe droughts
strong rainfalls, great floods
snow-storm, snow disaster（暴风雪、雪灾）
Hurricanes, gales, typhoons
• Basing on the facts mentioned above, it seems certain that co2 is the villain in the atmosphere. • Q: Is Co2 in the atmosphere increasing by itself? • Please look at the following picture and try to find out why there is more and more Co2 in the atmosphere.
• 很显然，她的自尊心受到了伤害。
• Your words are a transparent lie.
• 你所说的明显是谎言。
• alternative
• n.选择；可能性之一
• Caught in the act, he had no alternative but to confess.
• 他被当场抓住，除了招供别无选择。
• 当我醒来时，我不知道发生了什么。
• object to 反对，不喜欢 • Many people object to experimentation on animals.
• 许多人反对用动物做实验。
• A considerable number of people object to the government's attitude to immigration.
• in all likelihood 极有可能，十之八九
• 注：在一些名词、形容词后面加上后缀-hood ，构成名词， 表示“„状态; „的时期” • More Examples: • childhood:童年时期 • womanhood: 成年女子的身份或状态
Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the words below by adding the suffix –hood. man/woman sister/brother neighbor boy/girl widow/widower
• likelihood n. probability 可能性
• There is no likelihood of that happening.
• 没有发生那种事情的可能。
• In all likelihood the meeting will be cancelled.
• 会议十之八九要取消。
• 雪把房顶压塌了。
• If you work too hard, your health may collapse.
• 如果你工作太累的话，你可能病倒。
• The company collapsed without any sign beforehand.
• 这家公司在没有任何征兆
• • • • • •
villainy n. 邪恶 villainous adj. 恶棍似的；邪恶的 dioxide Monoxide carbon dioxide carbon monoxide
• • • •
•
essential adj.本质的；必要的；重要的 essence 本质，精髓，要素 in essence 大体上，本质上 of the essence 非常重要的；不可缺少的
• From the picture, we know Co2 mainly comes from the burning of coal, oil and gas. • People burns these kinds of fuel for energy. So the real villain is not co2, but people. • This is what the author wants to convey in this passage.
• 相当多的人反对政府对待移民问题的态度。
• 1. • 1)h • 5)f
2)e 6)d
3)a 7)b
4)g 8)c
• • • • • • • •
2. 1)makes up 2)fraction 3) perspectives 4) from year to year 5) poisonous 6) liberate 7) crept