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传统饮食文化外文文献翻译2018

传统饮食文化外文文献翻译2018

传统饮食文化外文文献翻译英文Memories of traditional food culture in the kampong setting in SingaporeIain BrownleeAbstractBackgroundSingapore is a metropolitan city state that has rapidly transitioned from residents living in traditional multicultural villages known as kampongs to one of the most population-dense and technologically advanced countries in the world. This study aimed to explore the framework of traditional food culture, beliefs and practice in Singaporeans who grew up in kampongs via questionnaire-based interviews.MethodsA convenience sample of participants (n = 34) were recruited through word-of-mouth and interviewed both face to face (n = 29) and by telephone (n = 5). Interviews were conducted in English, Mandarin, and Hokkien using a semistructured questionnaire that included themes preidentified from an exhaustive literature search.ResultsA conceptual framework of five major themes was noted as a result of respondent input and the preidentified structural themes of thequestionnaire. These were self-sustenance and farming, food and water safety, food and beverage retail, dietary habits and culinary practice, and a culture of sharing (or gotong royong). Of these themes, 64% (n = 22) of participants had noted collecting or maintaining fruit and vegetables or rearing chickens. Participants (29%, n = 10) also noted memories of traditional food storage techniques, general feedback which suggested relatively low levels of concern for food safety.ConclusionsMany of these kampong food practices from a kampong were fondly remembered by participants. Consideration of positive food values from early life (such as a strong culture of sharing and togetherness) could help in the development of government drives to improve dietary intake or benefit food security for older Singaporeans.Keywords:Anthropology,Food culture,Food sharing,Gotong royong,Kampong,Singapore1. IntroductionBefore the 1970s, Singapore's population mainly lived in a network of rustic villages, known as kampungs, a term subsequently romanized to “kampongs” . During the 1970s, the government began the housing resettlement program and previous kampong dwellers were relocated in the Housing and Development Board public apartment flats. In most cases, the kampongs themselves have been cleared for urbanredevelopment. A recent project by the National University of Singapore has developed an interactive map of around 220 previous kampong dwellings in and around the main island of Singapore.Settlements have been described in Singapore since the 14th century . Kampong numbers grew rapidly following an influx of immigration from nearby Indonesian Islands and Peninsular Malaya and further afield in the early 19th century following British colonization and the expansion of Singapore's importance as a hub of international trade. Most of the early kampongs were fishing villages and settles along the coast and rivers. Kampongs also developed inland, and these were involved in the cultivation of coconuts and fruits. The settlements were generally found in the rural areas around the eastern coast and the interior of the island, with a relatively small number to the north of the Singapore river. More recently, the term “kampong spirit” has been used to describe a more relaxed and communitarian way of life and was a factor suggested to be limited in modern-day Singapore.The multicultural and inclusive nature of kampongs is likely to have helped to shape Singapore's unique food culture, which is represented by modern-day hawker stalls, coffee shops (“kopitiams”), and food courts. These outlets have multiple kitchens preparing a variety of multiethnic foods and shared seating areas where people of different social and ethnic backgrounds congregate. The most recent National Nutrition Surveyhighlighted that out-of-home dining in hawker centers, coffee shop/stalls, and food courts is common among Singaporean adults. Fig. highlights the position of some of the kampongs found in Singapore during the early years of independence.Alongside a background of national interest in the kampong spirit, this study aimed to uncover the key themes in kampong food culture, as evaluated through in-depth, interviews with middle-aged Singaporeans who previously resided in kampongs.2. MethodsFollowing the ethical approval from Newcastle University Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering Ethics Committee, a series of interviews were carried out. Owing to the exploratory nature of the project, a semistructured qualitative interview was conducted using themes preidentified in the literature review. This approach allowed flexibility for the researcher to probe for information appropriately and participants to express their perspectives more freely.Interview participants (n = 29) were recruited through convenience sampling and snowball sampling by word-of-mouth. Interviews were mainly completed face-to-face, although five participants were interviewed by telephone. Fieldwork was conducted in English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hokkien dialect between October 2016 and January 2017. Information provided by specific participants is presented below usingparticipant's ID number, their age range (to help ensure anonymity), ethnicity, and sex. Unless otherwise stated, interviews were carried out face-to-face in English. The participants selected the theme(s) around kampong food culturethat they preferred discussing before in-depth interviewing. Photographs that related to some kampong food themes (e.g., kitchen environment, street peddlers) were used as a visual cue. For telephone interviewees, the elements were made known to them via instant messaging. Field notes were then transcribed and translated for most participants by a single researcher (DXX). The data were evaluated through thematic analysis because of its applicability in this exploratory study. A conceptual framework was developed with the preidentified themes and themes that were uncovered during the fieldwork.3. ResultsFive major recurrent food-related themes were identified following the evaluation of the transcripts. These themes (self-sustenance and farming, food and water safety, food retail, dietary habit and culinary practice, and food-sharing culture) are presented and discussed in greater detail in the following sections. The demographics of the participants are presented in Table.3.1. Self-sustenance and farmingApproximately 64% (n = 22) of the participants noted rearing chickens in the kampong. Maintaining livestock appeared to be acommon practice among participants who had a large area in their kampongs (n = 7). Two participants remembered breeding services being provided, where an owner would walk around with a boar to propagate sows for a fee. While livestock and vegetables were noted to have required daily maintenance, fruits trees required relatively low input. Some, like jackfruit and starfruit, had to be wrapped with plastic or sacks to prevent insect eating them. One participant made the following comment in relation to livestock and the commonality of ownership: (61- to 70-year-old Indian male): “The chickens will g o everywhere come to our place… no sense of direction… just lay their eggs anyhow… so they will go to every house… if the chickens decide to lay eggs in your place, you're a happy man… if the chickens doesn't go back and the owner never call… we may slaugh ter the chicken [and it] become[s] our feast… We do not know who it belongs to… every house got some chicken… when he [the chicken] have to go out for food… have to release”.3.2. Food and water safetyThe participants interviewed noted limited concern regarding food safety and hygiene during their time in the kampongs. Participants provided interesting responses such as “not washing hands before meals”and “… if see cockroaches crawling on the food means must throw; if no cockroaches seen, we assume the f ood is safe… but we don'tknow if the cockroaches have already crawled across the food”. Limited concern with regard to food hygiene was also noted when participants shared their memories of food peddlers/itinerant hawkers (see below).Owning a “vegetable cabinet” was fondly remembered by 29% of the participants (n = 10) because refrigerators were uncommon, although some noted occasionally buying ice to help keep things chilled. These bamboo or wooden vegetable cabinets are either hung or fixed and included netting for ventilation and to keep out pests. One participant described an indigenous method of placing a water-filled porcelain plate at the legs of the cabinet to create a moat, preventing crawling insects. Another participant described storing raw and cooked food together.There was a mixed consensus regarding types of food that were storable, but the majority of participants came to a similar agreement that food has to be consumed within 24 hours of preparation. Other types of dishes (e.g., curries) were cited to be reheated more frequently (e.g., in the evening of preparation) to reuse them/stop them spoiling.3.3. Food retailMarkets and food centers were open-air sites of food service. Items were either laid on the floor or sold out of tricycles or pushcarts operated by the vendors. These markets did tend to separate fresh items (i.e., fish and vegetables) from cooked food into separate aisles. described the scene as “similar to the market in Thailand”. The market also sold livechickens, and the patrons could choose to have their chickens slaughtered by the vendors or do it themselves at home (n = 4). Some participants (n = 5) also mentioned that the markets were located a distance away from the kampong, and hence they had to travel to the markets by walking, cycling, or bus.Two participants remembered bringing along their own containers to purchase food (porridge and pulut hitam) from the vendors. Snack stands and pasar malamswere also often associated with wayang shows, outdoor cinemas, hungry ghost festival getai shows, and temple celebrations.The term “provision shop” was linked to Chinese and Malay owners while mamashops were reported to be operated by Indians. These convenience stores retailed commodities, spices, livestock feed, snacks, and other nonperishables. These friendly and sincere business owners allowed patrons to purchase goods on credit. “Direct selling” was also a kampong practice, with fish being a specific item mentioned by two participants.3.4. Dietary habits and culinary practiceWhen it came to dietary intake, participants (n = 5) noted that their main priorities in the kampong were availability and affordability of food. One commonality in the food consumption subtheme was consuming home-cooked meals instead of dining out (n = 6) to save money and because of a lack of access to food retail outlets. People also consumeddinner and went to bed earlier (i.e., cooking dinner at 5 pm, consuming dinner by 7 pm before dusk) because of lack of entertainment (n = 2). Three participants mentioned cooking in bulk once daily to last for the whole day (i.e., the remainder from lunch was consumed for dinner and left-overs from dinner were made into porridge the following day).3.5. Food-sharing cultureSharing of items was a major cultural el ement of the “kampong spirit” (n = 7). Although sharing of other items was common, households may have limitations about sharing certain items, including foods. For example, meat tended not to be shared because it was considered expensive, and affordability was an issue. Food (and other) items were generally loaned to others or given to exhibit altruism or hospitality. Food commodities were loaned to neighbors when the items were running low or they were low on funds and shelf space or refrigerator space may be shared with others by individuals who possessed a fridge.4. DiscussionRural kampong dwellers may have relied heavily on self-sustenance because of their low economic status and the inaccessibility of food retailers. Baharin et alpreviously noted that some Singaporean families who moved from their kampong dwellings to apartment blocks missed having plots of land to rear poultry and cultivate fruit trees for their own consumption and for additional income. Self-sustenance has also beenreported among rural communities in the United States. With the access to land for gardening, such households would be able to grow produce more.Owing to the memories associated with producing self-produced foods with traditional methods, these ex-kampong dwellers in modern day may in turn, develop a preference for “natural foods,” free from synthetic chemicals and produced “organically”. The authors are not aware of such a study having been carried out in Singaporeans to date.Limited concern with regard to food safety had been historically noted in relation to traditional out-of-home eateries in the Report of the Hawker Inquiry Commission. The report noted that “The hawkers of cooked food have usually inadequate equipment and water supply to keep their utensils free from infection and to preserve the food from contamination by flies…” Similarly, the lack of basic facilities may lead to poor hygiene and sanitation practices in households of lower socio-economic status in modern times.Similar to the dining habits practiced in the kampong, previous studies have suggested that rural Malaysians and Indonesians tended to prepare sufficient food late in the morning to consume throughout the day without refrigeration. The concept of food waste seemed alien to ex-kampong dwellers. This observation aligns with previous reports that lower income groups and older consumers tend to waste less food, citingcostly food prices and food shortage experienced by older consumers as the likely reason for this. Higher spending power may also have resulted in Singaporean consumers increasing their meat consumption over time and decreasing the frequency of intake of more traditional foods (e.g., vegetables).While the participants described cooking food with charcoal “tasted better,” many other factors may affect the sensory characteristics of the food—including modern farming and production techniques (e.g., changes to animal diet, use of growth hormones, an freezing)—and psychological factors (e.g., association with positive culinary memories). Based on the participants' responses, the sensory perception of kampong food will be evaluated in terms of culinary science.Similar to the kampong spirit, Van Esterik commented that within the small rural villages that still exist in Southeast Asia, reciprocal relations are basic to community survival. Resources such as garden produce, meat, and other foods might be shared with another household in return for help with special occasions such as weddings and funeral. Such reciprocity forms social relations and citizenship within the communit. A study in United States also highlighted that older rural adults perceive food sharing as an integral part of life in the community. Besides sharing food for altruistic reasons (e.g., when individuals lacked money to procure food), sharing and receiving food reinforces the identityof the adults as active community members and consequently, their personal value or worth. Some adults would even intentionally provide excess garden produce to share.When the resettlement program occurred, the physical environment of the flat impacts the dwellers to be more inward-looking, as the land for gardening and rearing poultry are nonexistent. Rehoused flat dwellers in Singapore had previously noted that their privacy was highly valued in the new accommodation because before relocation, toilets and kitchens have to be shared communally in the kampongs.Chang noted that borrowing of things like newspapers, tools, or dishes was rare in modern-day Singapore. This study suggested that there appeared to be more limited trust in people and less concern for each other between neighbors. In an attempt to preserve the food sharing culture and revive the “kampong spirit” in modern-day Singapore, many districts have initiated networking sessions between the neighbors, through sharing of food.This study was exploratory and qualitative in nature. The findings of this study represent the points of view of a small cross-section of Singaporeans who previously lived in kampongs and may therefore not be fully representative of the beliefs held by a wider population. Nonetheless, exploring memories of kampong food culture is timely because of the current focus on social cohesion in Singapore and thelimited information available in this area. Furthermore, the number of individuals who have experience of living in Singaporean kampongs will become less and less over time.While interview-based studies can be effective in uncovering the points of view of individuals, more in-depth understanding could be developed using semistructured focus groups in future studies, where like-minded participants would be able to more openly share their common experiences. The prompts and design of the interview documents may have in part biased participants to only discuss specific aspects of kampong culture. It is also uncertain whether the beliefs and current practices of ex-kampong dwellers differ from individuals who grew up in different setting. While it would have been ideal to carry out all interviews face-to-face, this would have meant that the views of a lower number of participants ended up being included in the current study. Previous research has suggested that interviews carried out by telephone can produce data of a comparable quality to that collected face-to-face.5. ConclusionsIt appears that kampong food culture has, to an extent, impacted modern food practices and beliefs in Singapore, particularly in relation to multicultural hawker centers. Encouraging practices of food sharing may be a means to benefit social cohesion in modern-day Singapore. Further exploration of kampong food culture seems timely before the opportunityfor collection of primary information (from ex-kampong dwellers) is lost forever.中文新加坡甘榜地区传统饮食文化伊恩·布朗利摘要研究背景新加坡是一个大都市城市,已从传统的多元文化村庄(称为甘榜)迅速转变为世界上人口密度最高和技术最先进的国家之一。

大学英语one期末考试复习题涵答案

大学英语one期末考试复习题涵答案

大学英语one期末考试复习题涵答案大学英语一期末考试复习题1、Fill in the blankets with the proper forms of the words given below (pleasenotice that not every one will be used)enthusiasms enriches benefit accumulated maturecomfortable surroundings describe aroused rewardingvote think of training battle respectmeet confess told expect remember1.His face turns red when she says he has told a lie.2.You need enthusiasms to do this job.3.Washington won his first victory in the battle of Trenton.4.Students should respect their teachers.5.Have you think of a plan for our holiday?6.At that time some in the meeting confess against him.7.The man finally had to vote that he was the killer.8.Do remember to bring your homework next time.9.I meet him two days ago in the street.10.Tom didn’t expect that his father would come to his room.11.Learning a foreign language is one of the most difficult yet most rewardingexperiences for me.12.He is not mature enough to make such decisions.13.They young man has accumulated much money by running his owncompany.14.While sitting in the comfortable armchair, my grandfather fell asleep.15.Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene.16.Nowadays many children live in the pleasant surroundings , which may causesome problems.17.Reading enriches the mind.18.One of my great training is music.19.The teacher’s words aroused his students’ curiosity(好奇心)20.The modern facilities (设施) in the library benefit all the teachers andstudents.2、Choose the best answer from the four choices. 20%21.Mary hasn’t got ___D_____.A.Many friendsB. no friendsC. some friendD. much friend22.A lot of people have tried, but__D__ have succeed.A.The fewB. fewC. someD. a few23.Fred eats__A___ bread.A.too manyB. fewerC. so muchD. any24.There is still__D__ time before the train leaves.A.LittleB. fewD. a little25.We have read___B__ French books.A.So muchB. a fewC. the moreD. every26.He has two cars. How___A__ do you have?A.ManyB. muchC. someD. more27.Half of the fruit__A__ bad.A.AreB. isC. hasD. have28.Tom is one of the boys who __C___ on time.A.isB. amC. areD. was29.A number of students__D__ for the lesson to begin now.A.WaitsB. waitedC. is waitingD. are waiting30.Four times five___A__ twenty.A.isB. areD.were31.At one time they met in__a_ coffee bar, but recently _the__ coffee bar has closed.A.The; aB. the; theC. the; aD. a; the32.I had to change trains at__\_ Wuhan, which gave me __a__ chance of visiting thecity.A.a; aB. the, theC. a; theD.\; a33.He is fond of playing_\__ chess while his sister is fond of playing__the__ piano.A. the; theB.\; theC. a; theD. a; a34. We usually have no classes in__the__ afternoon on___\_ Friday.A. the;\B. the; theC. a; theD. a; a35. Mr. Smith is the __A_ person who can help you.A. otherB. allD. no36. _B__ the people in the house clapped.A. otherB. allC. oneD. no37. He has learned__C__ languages.A. oneB. aC. severalD. the38. Can I have _B__ coffee?A. someB. anyC. muchD. no39. I am busy now. please come some __D__ time.A. anyB. otherC. noD. more40. The car belongs to __A___.A. the SmithsB. the SmithC. a SmithD. a Smiths41. Can I have __B_ coffee?A. someB. anyD. no42.I am busy now. please come some _D___ time.A. anyB. otherC. noD. more43.A number of students__D__ for the lesson to begin now.A.waitsB. waitedC. is waitingD. are waiting44.The car belongs to __A___.A. the SmithsB. the SmithC. a SmithD. a Smiths45.We usually have no classes in__the__ afternoon on__\S_ Friday.A. the;\B. the; theC. a; theD. a; a46.He has learned__C__ languages.A. oneB. aC. severalD. the47. Tom is one of the boys who ___C__ on time.A.isC. areD. was48.Fred eats__A___ bread.A.too manyB. fewerC. so muchD. any49.There are five___B___ in the classroom.A.childsB. childrenC.childesD.child50.He is fond of playing__\_ chess while his sister is fond of playing__the__ piano.A. the; theB.\; theC. a; theD. a; a51.Mr. Smith is the __A_ person who can help you.A. otherB. allC. oneD. no52.__B_ the people in the house clapped.A. otherB. allC. oneD. no53.Half of the fruit___A_ bad.B. isC. hasD. have54.He has two cars. How_A__ do you have?A.manyB. muchC. someD. more55.There is still__D__ time before the train leaves.A.littleB. fewC. noD. a little56.We have read__B___ French books.A.So muchB. a fewC. the moreD. every57.Four times five___A__ twenty.A.isB. areC. wasD.were58.Mary hasn’t got___A___.A.Many friendsB. no friendsC. some friendD. much friend59.I had to change trains at__\_ Wuhan, which gave me __a__chance of visiting the city.A.a; aB. the, theC. a; theD.\; a60.At one time they met in__a_ coffee bar, but recently _the__ coffee bar has closed.A.The; aB. the; theC. the; aD. a; the3、Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Why did I choose to attend college? I have asked myself many times during the past three and a half m onths. Did I come because my parents’ influence or because of the goal of my own? After thinking about these questions many times, I have reached the conclusion that it is something that I truly want to be.Originally my parents did influence my opinions about education in general. From the beginning of my schooling, my parents seemed to assume that I would attend college, and by the time I reached senior high school, I had become used to that ideas as well.When I entered senior high school, I attended the college preparatory program there, looking ahead four years to continue to study those areas. As my senior high school drew to a close, I began to realize why I had this hope.Finally, I began to recognize in my life a strong desire to obtain knowledge. I knew that I would not be content to simply end my educational career with senior high school and enter theworking world. I truly felt a need to continue learning in order to get a better understanding of the world around me. My final decision to attend college seemed a natural one, and my choice of engineering as a field of study came easily as well.61.Why does the writer come to college? It is__D_A.Because of his parentsB.Because of his teacherC.Because he wants to find a good job laterD.Because he wants to continue to study what he is interested in62.What is the function of “did”in paragraph 2?___B__A.To indicate the past timeB.To emphasize the word “influence”C.To act as a verbD.No special function63. What does “hope” mean in paragraph 3?__A__A. to go to collegeB. to study what I likeC. to drop schoolD. to end senior high school as quickly as possible.64. What does “enter the working world” mean in paragraph 4?___B__A. to make friends with the workers.B. to find a job.C. to go to the factoryD. to find a part-time job.65. why does the writer say” my final decision to attend college seemed a natural one?___D_A. because it was decided by the writer’s parents.B. because the writer studied very well.C. because the writer liked nature.D. because the writer had a clear idea about why he came to college.Passage 2Thanksgiving Day is the most truly American of the national Holidays in the United States and is most closely connected with the earliest history of the country.In 1620,the settlers, or Pilgrims, they sailed to America on the May flower, seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship. Two months later, in icy November, they landed at, what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.During their first winter, over half of the settlers died of hunger or illness. Those who survived began sowing in the first spring.All summer long they waited for the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives and the future of the colony depended on the coming harvest. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed. Years later, President of the United States declared the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year. The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today.The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead. On the dinner table, people will find apples, oranges, chestnuts, walnuts and grapes. There will be plum pudding, mince pie, other varieties of food. The best and most attractive among them are roast turkey and pumpkin pie. They have been the most traditional foods on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years.Tell whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F)according to the passage.( T ) 66. The early Americans went to America in order to worship freely.( F ) 67. At first some died because of lack of food.( T ) 68.Thanksgiving Day is set to celebrate the good harvest.( T ) 69.Thanksgiving Day celebration is held every year ever since it was firstly observed.( T ) 70. Roast turkey and pumpkin pie are the most traditional food of America.Passage 3Why did I choose to attend college? I have asked myself many times during the past three and a half months. Did I come because my parents’ influence or because of the goal of my own? After thinking about these questions many times, I have reached the conclusion that it is something that I truly want to be.Originally my parents did influence my opinions about education in general. From the beginning of my schooling, my parents seemed to assume that I would attend college, and by the time I reached senior high school, I had become used to that ideas as well.When I entered senior high school, I attended the college preparatory program there, looking ahead four years to continue to study those areas. As my senior high school drew to a close, I began to realize why I had this hope.Finally, I began to recognize in my life a strong desire to obtain knowledge. I knew that I would not be content to simply end my educational career with senior high school and enter the working world. I truly felt a need to continue learning in order to get a better understanding of the world around me. My final decision to attend college seemed a natural one, and my choiceof engineering as a field of study came easily as well.71.Why does the writer come to college? It is___E.Because of his parentsF.Because of his teacherG.Because he wants to find a good job laterH.Because he wants to continue to study what he is interested in72.What is the function of “did”in paragraph 2?_____A.To indicate the past timeB.To emphasize the word “influence”C.To act as a verbD.No special function73. What does “hope” mean in paragraph 3?____A. to go to collegeB. to study what I likeC. to drop schoolD. to end senior high school as quickly as possible.74. What does “enter the working world” mean in paragraph 4?_____A. to make friends with the workers.B. to find a job.C. to go to the factoryD. to find a part-time job.75. why does the writer say” my final decision to attend college seemed a natural one?____A. because it was decided by the writer’s parents.B. because the writer studied very well.C. because the writer liked nature.D. because the writer had a clear idea about why he came to college.Passage 4In 1775, when the American War of Independence began, George Washington was chosen to lead the American army. Washington knew his job would be difficult. The army was small. The soldiers were untrained and had few guns. The British army was large and strong. Its soldiers were trained very well.The early battles showed Washington's problems. His army was easily defeated in the Battle of New York. Then Washington thought out a plan.On Christmas night in 1776, he had his soldiers attack the enemy in the city of Trenton.The enemy soldiers never expected an attack on such a night. They were having a Christmas party. Washington won his first victory. Washington's army won the final battle in York town in 1781.George Washington was a great leader and was respected by all his man. He was not interested in fame(名望;名声) or money, but only in helping his country. The most famous story, though, is about the cherry tree.It is said that young George Washington cut down his father's cherry tree. When his father asked who did it, George confessed and said, " I cannot tell a lie."In 1789, leaders from all the states met to choose the first president of the United States. The vote was unanimous. Everyone voted for George Washington. He became the country's first president and is remembered as the "Father of Our Country."Tell whether the following statements are true (T) or false(F) according to the passage.( F ) 76. George Washington tool the lead of the American army when the war was favorable to the USA.( T ) 77. The first battle led by George Washington was the Battle of New York.( T ) 78. From the story of cherry tree, we get that Washington was very courageous. ( F ) 79. Washington won his first victory in the city of Trenton because the enemy soldiers there were not strong.( T )80. George Washington was respected by American people because he contributed a lot to his country.4、TranslationPut the following phrases into Chinese.81. in addition ___另外,此外__ 82. think over__仔细考虑83. care about____关心__________ 84. give up ______放弃_____________ 85. place an order____下单_______ 86. in other words_换言之,也就是说87 Thanksgiving Day___感恩节____ 88. above all______首先____________ 89. benefit from__从-----获利____ 90. grow up_____长大_____________91. in addition ____另外,此外_________ 92. not only…but also____不仅,而且____________93. more often than not ___通常___________ 94. give up __________________ 95. place an order___________ 96. above all _____________97. think of________________ 98. think over__________________99. benefit from____________ 100. grow up__________________Translate the following sentences into Chinese101. But now it seems to be another story- study becomes my own business.但现在情况好像变了,学习只是我自己的事102. It helps me accumulate the practical experience, which is important to a college student.它帮我积累了实战经验,这对与一个大学生来说很重要103. I want to show that girls can be just as important as boys.我想要证明女孩子也能和男孩子一样重要104. one important quality it takes to be president is self-discipline.作为总统的重要品质之一是自律105. At a trade fair companies are trying to win as many orders as possible.公平贸易公司正在努力赢取尽可能对的订单106. The enemy solider never expected an attack on such a night.敌方士兵没有意料在夜间会有这样一次袭击107. You have to be tough when you are dealing with a bully.你必须要坚强当你面对一个恶霸的时候108. I want to show that girls can be just as important as boys.我想要表明女孩子和男孩子一样重要109. one important quality it takes to be president is self-discipline.作为总统的重要品质之一是自律110.The big family dinner is planned months ahead.大家庭聚会是提前几个月准备的。

SAT填空真题讲义基础(从后往前部分)

SAT填空真题讲义基础(从后往前部分)

2010年5月1日Section-21.Unsuccessful in her first campaigns, Barbara Jordan ______, eventually becoming the firstBlack woman elected to the Texas State Senate.(A)persisted(B)gloated(C)retired(D)despaired(E)hesitated翻译:虽然她第一次竞选失败了,但是BJ一直坚持,最终成为了第一个进入德克萨斯州参议院的黑人女性。

关键词:eventually2.Some scientists speculate that children who wash frequently are more likely to becomeasthmatic than those who was infrequently: that ______, not the lack of it, is the problem.(A)pollution(B)negligence(C)nutrition(D)misbehavior(E)cleanliness翻译:一些科学家认为经常洗手的孩子比不经常洗手的孩子更容易得哮喘:这种清洁,它并不必要,是一个问题。

关键词:more…than3.Newspaper advertisers feel their messages are more believable and ______ when they areprinted next to news reports; hence, advertising charges are higher for such ______.(A)dominate… investigation(B)irrelevant… proximity(C)precise… delivery(D)persuasive… positioning(E)vague… thoroughness翻译:登广告的人觉得他们的信息更值得相信并且更有说服力,当他们的广告被带印在最新报道的旁边;因此,这个位置的广告费会比较高。

与会人员全体名单(共45人) - 外交部

与会人员全体名单(共45人) - 外交部

出席“威胁、挑战和变革”亚洲高级别论坛研讨会全体人员名单一、阿里·阿拉塔斯先生,印度尼西亚前外长,现任梅加瓦蒂总统外事顾问Alatas Ali/Mr.,former Foreign Minister of Indonesia二、泽山·阿民先生,名人小组秘书Amin Zeeshan/ Mr, Secretary of the High-Level panel三、阿南·班耶拉春先生,名人小组主席,泰国前总理Punyarachun Anand/Mr., former Prime Minister of Thailand, Chairman of the UN High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change四、卡里姆·易卜拉欣·沙克尔先生,巴林驻华大使Al-Shaker Karim Ebrahim/Mr., Invited Guest五、贝尔·巴丹特尔先生,法国前司法部长Badinter Robert/Mr., former Minister of Justice of France六、基尔提·尼迪·比斯塔先生,尼泊尔前首相Bista Kirti Nidhi/Mr., former Prime Minister of Nepal七、陈东晓,中国上海国研所国际法与国际组织研究室主任Chen Dongxiao, Director, Shanghai Institute for International Studies, Department of the International laws and International Organizations八、陈庆珠女士,新加坡前常驻联合国代表Chan Heng Chee/Mme,former Ambassador of Singapore to the United Nations and U.S.A.九、玛丽·奇内里-赫西女士,国际劳工组织前副总干事Chinery-Hesse Mary/Mme, former Deputy Director-General, of International Labour Organization十、贾扬塔·达纳帕拉先生,联合国前裁军事务副秘书长Dhanapala Jayantha/Mr., former UN Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament 十一、加里斯·埃文斯先生,澳大利亚前外长Evans Gareth/Mr., Former Minister for Foreign Affairs of Australia and President of the International Crisis Group十二、恩里克·伊格莱西亚斯先生,泛美发展银行行长Iglesias Enrique/Mr., President of the Inter-American Development Bank十三、金永健先生,中国联合国协会会长,前联合国副秘书长Jin Y ongjian/Mr., Former Under-Secretary General of the UN十四、李洪九先生,韩国前总理Lee Hong Koo/Mr., former Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea十五、李道豫先生,前常驻联合国代表、前驻美国大使、中国军控与裁军协会会长Li Daoyu/Mr., former Chinese Ambassador to the United Nations, former Ambassador to the USA, Arms Control and Disarment Association十六、格拉汉姆·梅特兰先生,名人小组秘书Maitland Graham Mr., Secretary of the High-Level panel十七、阿卜杜·萨拉姆·马贾利先生,约旦前首相,约旦国际事务协会主席Majali, Abdul Salam, former Prime Minister of Jordan十八、安吉利卡·马立克女士,名人小组秘书Malic Angelica /Ms., Secretary of the High-Level panel十九、马毓真先生,南方中心董事Ma Y uzhen/Mr., Member of the Board of the South Center二十、阿姆雷·穆萨先生,埃及前外长、阿拉伯国家联盟秘书长Moussa Amre/Mr., Secretary-General of the League of Arab States二十一、萨蒂什·南比亚尔先生,印度前陆军副总参谋长,中将Nambiar Satish/Mr., former Force Commander of UNPROFOR二十二、亚力山大·隆代利先生,格鲁吉亚战略和国际研究中心主任Rondeli Alexander/Mr.,President of Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies二十三、绪方贞子女士,前联合国难民事务高级专员Ogata Sadako/Mme, former United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees二十四、秦华孙先生,前常驻联合国代表Qin Huasun/Mr, Former Chinese Ambassador to UN二十五、秦亚青先生,外交学院副院长、教授Qin Y aqing /Mr, Professor, Vice President of the Foreign Affairs college二十六、洛琳·里卡德马丁女士,名人小组秘书Rickard-Martin Loraine/Ms., Secretary of the High-Level panel二十七、阮孟琴先生,越南前副总理Nguyen Manh Cam/Mr., former Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam二十八、纳菲斯·沙迪克女士,联合国人口基金前执行主任Sadik Nafis/Mme, former Executive Director of the United Nations Population Fund;二十九、赛义德·卡泽姆·萨贾德普尔先生,伊朗国际政治研究所所长Sajjadpour Seyed Kazem/Mr., President of the Institute of Political and International Studies of Iran三十、萨利姆·艾哈迈德·萨利姆先生,前非洲统一组织秘书长、坦桑尼亚前总理Salim Ahmed Salim/Mr., former Secretary-General of the Organization of African Unity; former Prime Minister of Tanzania三十一、阿卜杜勒·萨塔尔先生,巴基斯坦前外长Sattar Abdul/Mr., former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan三十二、沈国放先生,中华人民共和国外交部部长助理Shen Guofang/Mr., Assistant Foreign Minister of PRC三十三、诺罗敦·西里武亲王阁下,柬埔寨前副首相兼外交大臣HRH Sirivudh Norodom/Mr.,former Deputy Premier and Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia三十四、若昂·克莱门特·巴埃纳·苏亚雷斯先生,美洲国组织前秘书长Soares João Clemente Baena /Mr., former Secretary-General of the Organization of American States三十五、斯蒂夫·史德曼先生,名人小组研究主任S tedman Steve/Mr, Research Director of the High-Level Panel.三十六、诺丁·苏比先生,马来西亚战略与国际研究所主席Sopiee Noordin/Mr.,Chairman of Institute for Strategic and International Studies(ISIS) of Malaysia三十七、纳纳·苏特里斯纳先生,前印尼常驻联合国代表Sutresna Nana/Mr.,former Indonesian Ambassador to the United Nations三十八、尤素夫·瓦南迪先生,印尼战略与国际问题研究中心创办人兼董事会成员、学者W anandi Jusuf/Mr.,former Indonesian Ambassador to UN三十九、王逸舟先生,中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所副所长、研究员W ang Yizhou,Mr., Vice President of the World Economic and Political Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences四十、吴妙发先生,中国国际问题研究所研究员Wu Miaofa Mr.,Research Fellow, China Institute for International Studies四十一、杨洁勉先生,上海国际问题研究所副所长、研究员Y ang Jiemian, Vice President, Shanghai Institute for International Studies四十二、明石康先生,前联合国副秘书长Y asushi Akashi/Mr.,former UN Under-Secretary-General四十三、俞新天先生,上海国际问题研究所所长、研究员Yu Xintian Mr., President, Shanghai Institute for International Studies四十四、萨季卡尔·泽伊纳洛夫先生,阿塞拜疆国立巴库大学国际法与国际关系系主任Zeynalov Sadiyar/Mr.,Dean of the Faculty of the International Law and International Relation of Baku State University of Azerbaijan四十五、周洪钧先生,华东政法学院国际法学院教授Zhou Hongjun,Mr.,University of Huadong Legal and Political Affairs, Institute of International Law。

纳尔逊曼德拉简介英语

纳尔逊曼德拉简介英语

纳尔逊曼德拉简介英语纳尔逊曼德拉,曾任非国大青年联盟全国书记、主席。

于1994年至1999年间任南非总统,是首位黑人总统,被尊称为“南非国父”。

下面是店铺给大家整理的纳尔逊曼德拉简介英语,供大家参阅!纳尔逊曼德拉简介Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, July 18, 1918 - December 5, 2013), was born in South Africa Terence Kay, has won the South African University Bachelor of Arts and Witwae University of Teslan. Former National Committee of the National Youth League National Committee, Chairman. From 1994 to 1999 served as president of South Africa, is the first black president, was known as the "father of South Africa."Before the presidency, Mandela was a leader of active anti-apartheid, and also a national leader of the armed groups of the African National Congress. When he led the anti-apartheid movement, the South African court convicted him with conspiracy to overthrow the government. According to the verdict, Mandela served in prison for 27 years. After his release in 1990, he turned to support mediation and consultation, and led the country in transition in the transition to democracy. Since the end of the apartheid system, Mandela has received praise from all walks of life, including former opponents.Mandela won more than 100 awards in 40 years, the most notable of which was the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. In 2004, it was chosen as the greatest South Africans.纳尔逊曼德拉生平经历Early lifeNelson Raleigh Herah la Mandela is the only member of the family to go to school, primary school teacher named him Nelson.When Mandela was 9 years old, his father died of tuberculosis. Tribe in the regent became his guardian, Mandela then went to leave the father of the palace not far from the school of the West school. According to Tengbu's habit, he was 16 years old from the industry. Mandela spent two years to complete the usual 3 years to complete the junior high school. Because of his father's status, he was designated as the successor of the dynasty.Mandela met at the University of Fordhar, met a good friend of life, good colleagues - Oliver Tambo. And in the first year of his career at Mandela, he was involved in activities that students would boycott school unreasonable policies. He was ordered to drop out and was told that he would not be able to return to school unless he accepted the election results of the student union. Since then, Mandela won a correspondence law degree at the University of London.After leaving Fordhar, Mandela arranged to marry with the heir of the Tengbu family. But he chose to escape, left his hometown came to Johannesburg. When he arrived in Johannesburg, he found a job in the coal mine. However, when the mine owner found Mandela is fleeing aristocracy after the rapid dismissal of him. Mandela then found a clerical work at a law firm in Johannesburg, where he completed his bachelor's degree at the University of South Africa, after which he began to study law at Jinshan University in Johannesburg. Mandela lived in Jakarta University in the north of Johannesburg and met his colleagues in the anti-apartheid period - Joslo Loew, Harris Watts and Ruth Foster.Join politics1944 participated in the non-violent struggle of the South African African National Congress (referred to as the ANC).In 1948, the South African Kuomintang, which was governed by the Boers, won the general election. As the party supported the policy of apartheid, Mandela began to actively join politics in his 1952 anti-Nationalist movement and the 1955 People's Assembly Played a leading role, the basis of these movements is the freedom of the Charter. At the same time, Mandela and his lawyer Oliver Tambo opened the Mandela Tanbo law firm, for the defense of black lawyers to provide free or low-cost legal advisory services, and has served as non-country Large executive committee, chairman of the province of Delaware, vice chairman of the country. At the end of 1952, he successfully organized and led the "contempt for injustice movement", won the respect of all blacks. T o this end, the South African authorities have twice issued a ban on his participation in public meetings.September 2, 1958, Hendrik Frensie Vivold served as Prime Minister of South Africa, which during the administration of the "Bantustan law", the move will be more than 1,000 million African black only limited to 12.5% South African land, and at the same time in the country to strengthen the permit system, which intensified the South African black and white conflict, eventually led to the occurrence of the Chapelle Violent.March 21, 1960, the South African military police in Chapelle to the ongoing demonstrations of five thousand protesters fired, massacre led to 69 people were killed and 180 injured, Mandela was also arrested and imprisoned, But finally through the defense of the court for their own defense, and acquitted.In 1961 he led the strike movement to protest and boycott the "South African Republic" established by white racists; then moved into the underground armed struggle. Mandela created the ANC military organization: "the nation's spear" (Umkhontowe Sizwe) and served as commander-in-chief. He had secretly visited abroad and attended the anti-non-free movement conference held in Addis Ababa, calling for economic sanctions against South Africa.Was arrested and imprisonedIn August 1962, under the auspices of the CIA, Mandela was arrested and imprisoned by the South African apartheid regime, when the government sentenced Mandela to imprisonment for five years with "incitement" and "unlawful transgressions". Della began his 27-year "prison career".On October 15, 1962, Mandela was detained at the Prefecture of Pretoria. There, Mandela was detained for the benefit of his own, with a length of 23 hours a day, only half an hour a day for the morning and afternoon. There is no natural light in the separate room, there is no writing, everything is isolated from the outside. Eventually, Mandela gave up some of his rights, and he wanted to be able to communicate with others.June 1964, the South African government to "attempt to violate the government to punish the crime" is serving a sentence of Mandela's life imprisonment, when he was transferred to Robben Island. Robben Island was the largest secret prison in South Africa from the mid-1960s to 1991, and the island had detained a large number of black political prisoners. Mandela in the island of the island of the island only 4.5 square meters, where he was treated by non-human. The prisoners on Robben Island were forced by the jailers to the quarries on the island. On the island, Mandela wants the prison to agree that he opened up a vegetable garden in the yard of the prison, the prison refused many times, but eventually agreed to Mandela's request. On the island, Mandela still insists on physical exercise, such as runningin a cell, doing push-ups for exercise.In 1982, Mandela left Robben Island, where he was transferred to the Poers Moore Prison. Since then, Mandela has ended his 18-year imprisonment in Robben Island. He also opened a garden here, and planted nearly 900 plants.In May 1984, the official allowed Mandela to engage in "contact" visits with his wife, and when his wife heard the news that Mandela could be ill, when they were visiting, they hugged each other, "It was the first time that I had kissed my wife for so many years," said Dela, and for the past few years I have not touched my lady 's hand for 21 years.Regains freedomSouth Africa was subjected to severe sanctions by the international community during the period of the apartheid period, which eventually led to the dismantling of South Africa in 1990 and the achievement of national reconciliation.February 10, 1990, South African President De Klerk announced the unconditional release of Mandela, February 11, 1990, spent in prison for 27 years Mandela finally regained freedom. On the day of his release, he went to the Soweto football field, to 120,000 people published his famous "jail speech." In March 1990, he was appointed by the National Executive Committee of the National Assembly as vice chairman, acting chairman.Served as presidentIn April 1994, the ANC won the first non-racial election in South Africa. On May 9, Mandela became the first black president in South African history after the first multi-racial election in South Africa was announced.In December 1997, Mandela resigned as chairman of theANC and said he was no longer in the June 1999 presidential campaign.On March 12, 1999, he was awarded the honorary doctorate degree by the prestigious university of Leiden. In May, President Mandela was invited to visit China. He was the first South African head of state to visit China. Officially resigned in June.Sick hospitalIn March 2013 Mandela was re-admitted to hospital at midnight on 27th due to recurrence of lung infection, the third time that Mandela was admitted since December 2012 and his second hospital stay in March. At the time of the arrival of Easter in the West, the people of South Africa went to the church to pray for Mandela.June 8, 2013, Mandela due to lung infection recurrence was sent to Pretoria hospital treatment. In the same year on June 12, Mandela grandson Mandila issued a statement that Mandela's condition has improved, Mandela to South Africa and the world for the blessing of Mandela expressed gratitude. June 23, Mandela illness began to deteriorate. The medical team reported that in the past 24 hours, Mandela's condition was "critical".On September 1, 2013, the President of the South African Republic said former President Mandela had left the hospital and returned to the home in Johannesburg to continue to receive intensive care, but the condition was still very serious and the health was sometimes unstable.December 6, 2013 (South Africa time 5), Mandela died in Johannesburg residence, at the age of 95 years. South Africa held a national burial for Mandela, the national half flag.FuneralAt 10:00 on December 10, 2013, Mandela's official memorialservice will be held at the National Bank Gymnasium in Johannesburg, South Africa.December 11, 2013, Mandela's body will be transferred to Pretoria's federal building for three days for the public to pay tribute.Every morning from 11 to 13 December 2013, Mandela's coffin will be patrolled on the main road in Pretoria for the final farewell to their country's father.December 15, 2013 morning, Mandela's funeral ceremony in Mandela children living in Kunu village was held, the specific location is Mandela's family cemetery. Leaders from multiple countries attended the funeral ceremony and spoke, nearly 5,000 people to send Mandela last journey.纳尔逊曼德拉家庭生活family backgroundMandela is a member of the non-eldest son of the kingdom of Thembu, which dominates the Turanje area of Cape Town, South Africa. He was born in the small village of Mouvizo, located in the area of Mttata, the capital of Trentac. His father's great-grandfather, Ngubengcuka, died in 1832, ruled the Tengfu people with the position of the king (Inkosi Enkhulu). One of the sons named Mandela, became Nelson's grandfather, was also the origin of his surname. However, since his mother came from the Ixhiba family (the so-called "left royal family"), according to tradition, his descendants were not qualified to inherit the throne of Tengbu.Mandela's father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa, served as tribal chief in the town of Mouvizo. However, due to the incompatibility between the colonial authorities, they took the status of Meng Fanking Islam and moved his family to Kunu. Inspite of this, Meng Fanken Ishwa is still a member of the king's Privy Council and served as the corner of the throne of the throne of the emperor of the emperor.Life partnerMandela's life left the traces of three women. They are: first love lover Evelyn, "black mother" Winnie and "old friend" Graza.23 years old first loveIn 1941, 23-year-old Mandela met the anti-apartheid people Sisu Lu, and with his deep friendship, it is Sisu Lu introduced Mandela to join the ANC. Sicily is not only Mandela's lead, or "old man", Mandela's first love and the first lady Evelyn Metz is the cousin of Sicily. In 1944, Mandela took Evelyn to marry. Evelyn gave birth to three children. But because Mandela devote themselves to anti-apartheid movement, rarely take into account the family, the couple widened, and finally sadly broke up.Mother of the fallMandela's second marriage is the most popular. In 1958, Mandela and young beautiful Winnie at first sight, soon into the marriage hall. "Winnie Mandela" is a well-known name in South Africa. Wynne, who grew up in the struggle against apartheid, won the love of war, loyalty and maternal love, and enjoyed the "black mother" in South Africa.But later, with the status of the continuous improvement, Winnie character insider despotic, brutal overbearing side gradually exposed in front of the world. She advocates violence, life corruption, also occurred extramarital affairs. Mandela was released from prison and found that the South African newspaper was full of Winnie's scandal. Mandela has repeatedly tried to persuade, but can not restore his wife's heart, he had painfully confessed, since the release, with Winnie living togetherthat time, he became the world's most lonely people. In 1996, Mandela divorced Winnie.In the later years,In 1996, Mandela was staggering: "I fell in love again." July 18, 1998, Mandela 80-year-old birthday, 53-year-old Mozambican former president Marshall widow Graza became the bride of Mandela. Scottish, German, French, Spanish and English are the only women in the first 11 years of the post-Mozambican Liberation Front. Mandela laughed: "From now on, the most important content of my life is two, the first is Graza, the second is to eat prawns in Mozambique.Make a childMandela has a total of six children, two men and four women.He and his first wife symbiotic two men and two women, but the daughter died after birth. Mandela's eldest son, Madiba Sambekiel, died in a car accident in 1969, and his second son, Mark Jato Mandela, died of AIDS on January 6, 2005.Mandela and his second wife, Winnie, had two daughters.。

与会人员全体名单(共45人) - 外交部

与会人员全体名单(共45人) - 外交部

出席“威胁、挑战和变革”亚洲高级别论坛研讨会全体人员名单一、阿里·阿拉塔斯先生,印度尼西亚前外长,现任梅加瓦蒂总统外事顾问Alatas Ali/Mr.,former Foreign Minister of Indonesia二、泽山·阿民先生,名人小组秘书Amin Zeeshan/ Mr, Secretary of the High-Level panel三、阿南·班耶拉春先生,名人小组主席,泰国前总理Punyarachun Anand/Mr., former Prime Minister of Thailand, Chairman of the UN High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change四、卡里姆·易卜拉欣·沙克尔先生,巴林驻华大使Al-Shaker Karim Ebrahim/Mr., Invited Guest五、贝尔·巴丹特尔先生,法国前司法部长Badinter Robert/Mr., former Minister of Justice of France六、基尔提·尼迪·比斯塔先生,尼泊尔前首相Bista Kirti Nidhi/Mr., former Prime Minister of Nepal七、陈东晓,中国上海国研所国际法与国际组织研究室主任Chen Dongxiao, Director, Shanghai Institute for International Studies, Department of the International laws and International Organizations八、陈庆珠女士,新加坡前常驻联合国代表Chan Heng Chee/Mme,former Ambassador of Singapore to the United Nations and U.S.A.九、玛丽·奇内里-赫西女士,国际劳工组织前副总干事Chinery-Hesse Mary/Mme, former Deputy Director-General, of International Labour Organization十、贾扬塔·达纳帕拉先生,联合国前裁军事务副秘书长Dhanapala Jayantha/Mr., former UN Under-Secretary-General for Disarmament 十一、加里斯·埃文斯先生,澳大利亚前外长Evans Gareth/Mr., Former Minister for Foreign Affairs of Australia and President of the International Crisis Group十二、恩里克·伊格莱西亚斯先生,泛美发展银行行长Iglesias Enrique/Mr., President of the Inter-American Development Bank十三、金永健先生,中国联合国协会会长,前联合国副秘书长Jin Y ongjian/Mr., Former Under-Secretary General of the UN十四、李洪九先生,韩国前总理Lee Hong Koo/Mr., former Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea十五、李道豫先生,前常驻联合国代表、前驻美国大使、中国军控与裁军协会会长Li Daoyu/Mr., former Chinese Ambassador to the United Nations, former Ambassador to the USA, Arms Control and Disarment Association十六、格拉汉姆·梅特兰先生,名人小组秘书Maitland Graham Mr., Secretary of the High-Level panel十七、阿卜杜·萨拉姆·马贾利先生,约旦前首相,约旦国际事务协会主席Majali, Abdul Salam, former Prime Minister of Jordan十八、安吉利卡·马立克女士,名人小组秘书Malic Angelica /Ms., Secretary of the High-Level panel十九、马毓真先生,南方中心董事Ma Y uzhen/Mr., Member of the Board of the South Center二十、阿姆雷·穆萨先生,埃及前外长、阿拉伯国家联盟秘书长Moussa Amre/Mr., Secretary-General of the League of Arab States二十一、萨蒂什·南比亚尔先生,印度前陆军副总参谋长,中将Nambiar Satish/Mr., former Force Commander of UNPROFOR二十二、亚力山大·隆代利先生,格鲁吉亚战略和国际研究中心主任Rondeli Alexander/Mr.,President of Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies二十三、绪方贞子女士,前联合国难民事务高级专员Ogata Sadako/Mme, former United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees二十四、秦华孙先生,前常驻联合国代表Qin Huasun/Mr, Former Chinese Ambassador to UN二十五、秦亚青先生,外交学院副院长、教授Qin Y aqing /Mr, Professor, Vice President of the Foreign Affairs college二十六、洛琳·里卡德马丁女士,名人小组秘书Rickard-Martin Loraine/Ms., Secretary of the High-Level panel二十七、阮孟琴先生,越南前副总理Nguyen Manh Cam/Mr., former Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam二十八、纳菲斯·沙迪克女士,联合国人口基金前执行主任Sadik Nafis/Mme, former Executive Director of the United Nations Population Fund;二十九、赛义德·卡泽姆·萨贾德普尔先生,伊朗国际政治研究所所长Sajjadpour Seyed Kazem/Mr., President of the Institute of Political and International Studies of Iran三十、萨利姆·艾哈迈德·萨利姆先生,前非洲统一组织秘书长、坦桑尼亚前总理Salim Ahmed Salim/Mr., former Secretary-General of the Organization of African Unity; former Prime Minister of Tanzania三十一、阿卜杜勒·萨塔尔先生,巴基斯坦前外长Sattar Abdul/Mr., former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan三十二、沈国放先生,中华人民共和国外交部部长助理Shen Guofang/Mr., Assistant Foreign Minister of PRC三十三、诺罗敦·西里武亲王阁下,柬埔寨前副首相兼外交大臣HRH Sirivudh Norodom/Mr.,former Deputy Premier and Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Cambodia三十四、若昂·克莱门特·巴埃纳·苏亚雷斯先生,美洲国组织前秘书长Soares João Clemente Baena /Mr., former Secretary-General of the Organization of American States三十五、斯蒂夫·史德曼先生,名人小组研究主任S tedman Steve/Mr, Research Director of the High-Level Panel.三十六、诺丁·苏比先生,马来西亚战略与国际研究所主席Sopiee Noordin/Mr.,Chairman of Institute for Strategic and International Studies(ISIS) of Malaysia三十七、纳纳·苏特里斯纳先生,前印尼常驻联合国代表Sutresna Nana/Mr.,former Indonesian Ambassador to the United Nations三十八、尤素夫·瓦南迪先生,印尼战略与国际问题研究中心创办人兼董事会成员、学者W anandi Jusuf/Mr.,former Indonesian Ambassador to UN三十九、王逸舟先生,中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所副所长、研究员W ang Yizhou,Mr., Vice President of the World Economic and Political Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences四十、吴妙发先生,中国国际问题研究所研究员Wu Miaofa Mr.,Research Fellow, China Institute for International Studies四十一、杨洁勉先生,上海国际问题研究所副所长、研究员Y ang Jiemian, Vice President, Shanghai Institute for International Studies四十二、明石康先生,前联合国副秘书长Y asushi Akashi/Mr.,former UN Under-Secretary-General四十三、俞新天先生,上海国际问题研究所所长、研究员Yu Xintian Mr., President, Shanghai Institute for International Studies四十四、萨季卡尔·泽伊纳洛夫先生,阿塞拜疆国立巴库大学国际法与国际关系系主任Zeynalov Sadiyar/Mr.,Dean of the Faculty of the International Law and International Relation of Baku State University of Azerbaijan四十五、周洪钧先生,华东政法学院国际法学院教授Zhou Hongjun,Mr.,University of Huadong Legal and Political Affairs, Institute of International Law。

外研社版英语新闻听力Unit1-9 SectionA答案

外研社版英语新闻听力Unit1-9 SectionA答案

1.Britain says Turkey’s dispute with Cyprus should not hold up the opening of negotiations next month onTurkey’s eventual membership in the European Union.2.The Bush Administration said Monday that progress is being made toward normal relations with Libya,thought it discouraged talk of an imminent breakthough.3.Russia has deported a planeload of Georgians it accused of being illegal migrants, and continued acrackdown on Georgian-owned business.4.The leaders of Brazil, India and South Africa have called for greater unity between the world’sdeveloping countries.5.The United States has expressed gratitude to Syria for preventing an attack on the U.S. embassy inDamascus in which three gunmen were killed and a fourth man was captured.6.Chadian President Idriss Derby cut diplomatic ties with Sudan Friday after what he said was a“Sudanese-backed rebel attack”on Chad’s capital N’djamena. Mr. Derby also has threateded to expel 200,000 refugees in Chad.7.Chad and Sudan have opened their common border and reestablished diplomatic relations only a fewmonths after the two countries nearly went to war over alleged Sudanese support for Chadian rebels. 8.Relations between India and Pakistan have cooled with a mutual expulsion of diplomats. Officials inIndia said they’d given a pakistani diplomat 48 hours to leave the country after Pakistan ordered the expulsion of an Indian diplomat.9.Lebanon’s Prime Minister Fuad Siniora has challenged Syria to establish diplomatic relations anddemarcate their border.10.Afghan President Hamid Karzai says he is preparing a formal request to President Bush for a long-termsecurity partnership that would include a permanent U.S. military presence.1.Japan’s Foreign Minister has arrived in Baghdad for an unannounced visit---the first to the Iraqi capitalby a Japanese minister since U.S.-led invasion in 2003.2.President Bush is en route back to Washington after a final stop in Eastern Europe.3.Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez got a standing ovation with a speech against President Bush atCooper Union in New York City last night.4.Diplomats say a measure of progress has been made at talks in London to end the border disputebetween Ethiopia and Eritrea.5.Diplomats say negotiators will return to their capitals for three weeks to confer with their governmentsafter they failed to reach an agreement on a joint statement.6.European leaders have concluded their first session of negotiations to try to break political deadlockover the Union’s long-term budget.7.The Ugandan rebel Lord’s Resistance Army, the LRA, says it’s walked out of peace talks with thegovernment aimed at ending two decades of conflict in the north of the country.8.Russian and American officials say they’ve reached agreement on Russia’s entry into the World TradeOrganizaiton. They plan to sign the agreement in Hanoi next week.9.U.S. and Russian negotiators remained at odds Wednesday in a growing diplomatic standoff over Iran’ssuspected nuclear program.10.NATO foreign ministers have wrapped up two days of talks focusing on the future of missions inAfghanistan, Iraq and Kosovo as well as prospect for peace in the Middle East and the situation in Sudan’s Darfur region.1. A summit-level meeting of the UN Security Council has formally urged all member nations to outlawincitement to terrorism.2.The United Nations is setting up a special fund to help it deal with some of the biggest natural orman-made disasters as soon as possible after they happen.3.Senior diplomats from the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council plus Germanygathered in New York today to map out a strategy to deal with Iran’s suspected nuclear weapons program.4.The UN Security Council is expected to hold closed-door consultations today on a British-U.S.peacekeeping plan for Sudan’s Darfur region.5.Hollywood movie star and United Nations Goodwill Ambassador Angelina Jolie is appealing forinternational help in repatriating millions of Afghan refugees now living in Pakistan.6.Meanwhile the United Nations Security Council is to hold an urgent meeting at the request of Lebanontoday on the crisis.7.(The) United Nations General Assembly has opened in New York with forceful calls for action in theSudanese region of Darfur.8.The United Nations is reporting signs of some progress in meeting global antipoverty goals set in 2000.9.The United Nations Human Rights Committee has called on the American government to immediatelyclose all secret detention facilities and grant access to the Red Cross to anybody detained in connection with an armed conflict. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said the United Nations’resolutions against North Korea leavePyongyang to choice but to return to the negotiating table.1.The US has expressed concern following the completion of a two-billion-dollar arms deal betweenVenezuela and Spain.2.The former American presidential candidate John Kerry has apologized for controversial remarks hemade about US troops in Iraq. On Monday Senator Kerry warned students at a university in California that if they neglected their education they might get stuck in Iraq.3.An Iranian government spokesman has denied charges that Iran is aiding the Lebanon-based Shiitegroup Hezbollah. He also warned Isreal of dire consequences if it attacks Syria.4.The US has condemned Tuesday’s military coup in Thailand and called for the restoration of democracyas quickly as possible.5.The US anti-drug chief has called for a strong military action by NATO forces to destroy the opiumindustry in southern Afghanistan.6.Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has threatened to cut off oil exports to the US. Speaking at a youthfestival in Caracas, Mr. Chavez accused the US government of aggression against Venezuela.7.The US says it’s deeply troubled by Iran’s Guardian Council decision to bar more than 1000 presidentialcandidates form running in next month’s elections.8.Pakistani Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Tasnim Aslam told reporters Tuesday the allegations thatmoney was diverted from charities to terror groups are completely baseless.9.Iran has reiterated its determination to develop nuclear technology for peaceful uses.10.The British Prime Minister Tony Blair and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel have stressed theimportance of raising international awareness of the threat posed by climate change.1.The heaviest snowfalls in Japan for decades have killed at least five people. Blizzards in the north of thecountry cut power supplies, disrupted road and rail links, and led to the cancellation of many domesticflights.2.Officials in Brazil have now extended an emergency to the entire Amazonas State in the Amazon Basinbecause of worsening drought.3.Officials in Indonesia say the number of people now known to have been killed by a powerfulearthquake that struck Java on Saturday morning has risen to more than 3,000. Many residents have spent the life outdoors, fearing more aftershocks.4. A merry-go-round collapsed Saturday at a zoo in southern Spain, injuring 15 children and three adults.5.Near Montreal workers are digging through debris, searching for people trapped by the collapse of ahighway overpass yesterday. Tons of concrete crushed at least two cars.6.Relief supplies are beginning to arrive in some of the towns worst-affected by the devastating SouthAsian earthquake five days ago, but its distribution is failing to reach all areas.7.Severe storms and at least one tornado left a trail of damage through parts of Indiana last night.Forecasters say more storms are expected tonight and tomorrow.8.Swarms of desert locusts are threatening crops in northern Ethiopia.9.And a tropical storm that has already killed more than 30 people in El Salvador has become a hurricaneas it heads towards Mexico.10.Spanish officials are battling to reduce the impact of a highly toxic chemical spill into the Umia Riverin the northwestern region of Galicia. A fire at a chemical plant caused the spill. The three-kilometer slick is slowly heading towards the Atlantic Ocean, killing fish and plants in its path.1.Life expectancy in the US has reached a record high. That’s according to statistics released today by thefederal government.2.Federal health regulators say two more women have died after using the abortion pill RU-486.3.Officials in Leesburg, Virginia say nearly a thousand girl scouts may have been exposed to rabies.4.The number of Indonesian children infected with the crippling polio virus has risen to 155 with adiscovery of 33 new cases in the last two weeks.5.Researchers investigating the H5N1 strain of bird flu say it provokes an excessive immune reaction.6.India is struggling to cope with outbreaks of mosquito-borne disease that have killed more than 100people and infected thousands of others in recent weeks.7.More than 5,000,000 Californians will receive significant discounts on prescription medicines under adeal reached with the governor and legislative leaders.8.The UN is launching a global campaign today to help millions of children affected by AIDS.9.Taiwan says it’s making its own version of the best-selling antiviral drug Tamiflu whether its originalmanufacturers ultimately agree or not.10.Medicare officials say enrollment in the new prescription drug benefit has reached its target even beforenext month’s deadline.1.An interim prime minister has finally been chosen to lead Ivory Coast to presidential elections nextyear.2.Six British officials have quit their government post over the refusal of Prime Minister Tony Blair toname a date for resigning as the leader of the Labor Party.3.The United States’ first National Intelligence Director John Negroponte was sworn in Wednesday.4.Afghanistan’s Interior Minister Ali Ahmad Jalali says he will step down to resume his academic careerin the United States.5.The president has named U.S. Trade Representative Rob Portman to be his new budget chief.6.Indigenous Maori leaders in New Zealand have named a new king. Fifty-one-year-old Tuheitia Paki isthe elder son of the previous monarch who died last week at the age of 75 after a reign of 40 years.7. A Republican congressman in the US has resigned after admitting he took nearly 2.5 million dollars inbribes from a defense contractor.8.President Bush has tapped lawmaker Robert Portman to be the nation’s new top trade negotiator.9.Sweden’s new Trade Minister Maria Borelius is resigning over allegations of tax evasion after just oneweek in office.10.President Bush has responded to a severe setback in mid-term elections by replacing Donald Rumsfeldas defense secretary after some six years in the job. Mr. Bush said Mr. Rumsfeld had agreed it was time for a fresh perspective. A former director of the CIA Robert Gates has been nominated to take over the Pentagon.1.In India, five million news subscribers are signing up for mobile phone connections every month as thewireless telecommunication market booms.2.General Motors has started the white-collar layoffs it’s promised as it struggles to become morecompetitive.3.The Commerce Department says consumer spending weakened in February after an upsurge inJanuary.4. A Dubai company says it’s ready to give up its attempt to take over some management operations at sixUS seaports.5.Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed a decree opening up the country’s biggest company, theenergy giant Gazprom, to foreign investors.6. A strong set of jobs numbers from the Labor Department has raised inflation concerns and caused anupsurge in interest rates.7.The US has proposed cutting by 60% those subsidies to its farmers that distort world trade.8.The world’s biggest retailer, the American company Wal-Mart, has reported its first drop in profits formore than 10 years. They’ve fallen by 26% in the past three months mainly because of costs linked to the sale of its businesses in Germany.9.General Motors is selling most of its stake in Japanese automaker Suzuki.10.AT&T says it will buy BellSouth for 67 billion dollars in stock, a move the company says will offersubstantial financial benefits for stockholders of both companies.1. A fire at a US ammunitions depot in southern Baghdad last night ignited ordnance and set offexplosions that rocked the Iraqi capital for hours.2.The US military has launched a new offensive in western Iraq against what they say are “insurgentslinked to al-Qaeda”, the latest in a series of such operations.3.Two US navy warships exchanged gunfire with suspected pirates off the coast of Somalia today.4.India has arrested a soldier for allegedly handing secret military documents to a Pakistani official,sparking a new diplomatic controversy between the two nuclear-armed neighbors.5.Meanwhile a senior US State Department official says any further NATO expansion should wait until atleast 2008.6.In Afghanistan, a US military spokesman has denied Taliban claims that guerillas captured and executeda US Special Forces commando.7.The British Army has pulled out of one of its biggest bases in southern Iraq. Officers said the movefollowed an assessment that Iraqi police were capable of dealing with any continuing security problems in the area in Maysan province.8.Pakistani forces battled with insurgents along the Afghan border today, killing nearly 50 people.9. A member of the US Navy has testified at his court marshal in California that he watched as twoAmerican marines shot an Iraqi civilian in the head.10.Parliament in Canada is deciding whether the Canadian military presence in Afghanistan should beextended by another two years.。

南非首位黑人总统纳尔逊·曼德拉总统就职英语演讲稿

南非首位黑人总统纳尔逊·曼德拉总统就职英语演讲稿

南非首位黑人总统纳尔逊·曼德拉总统就职英语演讲稿Your Excellencies, distinguished guests, fellow South Africans, and citizens of the world,Today marks a momentous occasion in the history of South Africa. We stand here, not just as witnesses, but as participants in the realization of a dream that many thought impossible. Today, I take the oath of office as the first black President of South Africa, a nation that has endured years of oppression and struggle.But let us not dwell on the past. Instead, let us celebrate the triumph of democracy, justice, and unity. Today, we take a collective step towards a brighter future for all South Africans, regardless of race, class, or gender.I stand before you with a profound sense of humility and gratitude. This moment is not about me, but about the countless heroes and heroines who sacrificed their lives for the freedom we enjoy today. It is about the spirit of resilience and hope that propelled us forward during the darkest times of apartheid.As we embark on this new chapter, we must remember that the weight of our responsibility is immense. We are tasked with healing the wounds of the past, rebuilding our nation, and creating an inclusive society where all can thrive.We will no longer be divided by the color of our skin, but united by our shared humanity. We will embrace our diversity, acknowledging that it is a strength, not a weakness. We will foster a culture of tolerance, respect, and understanding, for it is through these virtues that we will forge a nation that is truly great.To my fellow South Africans, I ask you to join me on this journey of transformation. Let us work together, hand in hand, to realize the dream of a South Africa that is free from poverty, inequality, and injustice. Let us, through our actions, show the world what it means to be a rainbow nation.To the international community, I extend a hand of friendship and partnership. South Africa may be a small nation, but we are determined to play our part in building abetter world. We invite you to join us in our endeavor to create a more just and equitable global order.In conclusion, let us remember the words of our national anthem, “Nkosi Sikelel’iAfrika,” which translates to “God Bless Africa.” Let us pray for the strength, wisdom, and courage to steer our nation towards a future of peace, prosperity, andunity. Together, we can overcome any obstacle and create a South Africa that is truly free.Thank you, and may God bless South Africa and all its people.。

曼德拉总统英文作文

曼德拉总统英文作文

曼德拉总统英文作文Nelson Mandela was a great leader. He fought against apartheid and spent 27 years in prison. He became the first black president of South Africa in 1994. He was a symbol of peace and reconciliation. He worked to bring people together and end the division in his country.Mandela's leadership style was characterized by his humility and compassion. He was willing to listen to others and seek common ground. He believed in the power of forgiveness and understanding. He inspired people around the world to stand up for justice and equality.Mandela's legacy continues to inspire people today. His commitment to human rights and social justice has left a lasting impact. He showed that change is possible, even in the face of adversity. He is a reminder that we all have the power to make a difference in the world.Mandela's leadership was not without criticism. Somepeople felt that he was too conciliatory towards the white minority in South Africa. Others believed that he did notdo enough to address the economic inequality in the country. However, Mandela's ability to bring people together and his unwavering commitment to peace and reconciliation cannot be denied.In conclusion, Nelson Mandela was a remarkable leader who changed the course of history. His legacy lives on, and his example continues to inspire people all over the world. He showed us the power of forgiveness, compassion, and unity. He will always be remembered as a champion of human rights and a symbol of hope for a better future.。

克林顿英文演讲稿

克林顿英文演讲稿

克林顿英文演讲稿Ladies and gentlemen,。

It is a great honor for me to stand before you today and deliver this speech in the English language. As a former President of the United States, I have had the privilege of addressing many audiences around the world, but I must say that speaking to you today is particularly special.I want to take this opportunity to talk about the importance of diplomacy and cooperation between nations. In today's interconnected world, it is more important than ever for countries to work together to address the challenges that we all face. Whether it is climate change, global health crises, or economic instability, these are issues that no single country can solve on its own. We must come together as a global community to find solutions that benefit all of humanity.I believe that the United States has a crucial role to play in this endeavor. As a nation with significant resources and influence, we have a responsibility to lead by example and to work with other countries to promote peace and prosperity. This means engaging in open and honest dialogue, respecting the sovereignty of other nations, and finding common ground on which to build a better future for all.Of course, this is not always easy. There will always be disagreements and conflicts between nations, but it is essential that we find ways to resolve these differences peacefully. This requires patience, understanding, and a willingness to listen to the perspectives of others. It also requires a commitment to upholding the principles of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.I am optimistic about the future, despite the many challenges that we face. I believe that by working together, we can overcome these challenges and build a more just and equitable world for future generations. This will require courage, determination, and a willingness to take bold action when necessary. It will also require a spirit of cooperation and a recognition that we are all in this together.In closing, I want to thank you for the opportunity to speak with you today. I hope that my words have inspired you to continue working towards a better future for all. Let us remember that we are stronger when we stand united, and that by working together, we can achieve great things.Thank you.。

新东方名师总结四六级高频词汇

新东方名师总结四六级高频词汇

新东方名师总结四六级高频词汇1. Pledgen. 保证, 誓言, 抵押, 抵押品vt. 保证, 使发誓, 抵押, 典当, 举杯祝...健康Premier Wen jiabao has pledged more help f or quake and tsunami-hit Indonesia and other nations af ter f lying to Jakarta to attend a summit today. 今天,温家宝总理在飞往雅格达参加各国首脑会议后承诺中国将给受海啸和地震袭击的印度尼西亚和其他国家给予更多的帮助2. Deliver vt 递送, 陈述, 释放, 发表(一篇演说等), 交付, 引渡, 瞄准, 给予(打击)In a meeting with Indonesian President late yesterday ,Premier wen jiabao said China would continue to deliver aid .昨天傍晚,温家宝总理在和印度尼西亚总统会晤时说:“中国政府将继续提供援助。

3 .Proposal n.提议, 建议Premier wen jiabao said the Chinese Government will put forward its own proposals at today’s summit.温家宝总理说:“中国政府将在今天的首脑会议上提出自己的建议。

4. Surviv饿 v. 幸免于, 幸存, 生还Although there’s been no information ,I still believe that Wang Ting had a chance to survive. 尽管没有任何消息,我依然相信王婷还有机会活着。

5. Donate v. 捐赠, 赠予A local woman has given her nine-month baby a second life by donating part of her liver on Sunday. 星期天,一位当地妇女通过捐赠自己的部分肝脏给了她九个月大的宝宝第二次生命。

Create_A_New_Era_of_Global_Interconnection

Create_A_New_Era_of_Global_Interconnection

Create A New Era of Global InterconnectionBy Lily WangOn October 18, the High-level Forum on Connectivity, as one of the three high-level forums of the Third Beltand Road Forum for International Cooperation, opened. This forum aims at rallying the consensus of all parties, forming a joint development force, and promoting the high-qualit y development of the Belt a nd R oa d c o op er at ion. Gue s t s from at home and abroad spoke a nd e xc ha nged v ie w s on topics such as “the ‘physical connectivity’ of deepening infrastructure and the ‘institutional connectivity’ of technology, standards, rules and op er at ions to ac h ie v e w i n-w i ndevelopment” and “deepening the interconnection of infrastructure a n d b u i l d i n g a n o p e n w o r l d economy” and reached a number of important consensuses.Facilities connectivity is a priority area for the Belt and Road InitiativeFac i l it ie s con nec t iv it y is a priority area for the Belt and Road Initiative. Over the past ten years, Belt a nd Road cooperat ion ha s been built within a framework of “si x cor r idor s a nd si x c ha n nel s ser v ing mu lt iple cou nt r ies a nd por ts”, a nd t he const r uc t ion of a m u l t i -l e v e l a n d c o m p o u n dinfrastr uct ure network has been a c c e le r ate d , b a s ic a l l y for m i n g connectivity over land, sea, air and cyberspace, which has laid a solid foundation for promoting economic and trade and capacity cooperation, and streng thening cu lt u ra l and personnel exchanges.“To get rich, build roads first.” S e r bi a n P r e s id e nt A l e k s a n d a r Vucic quoted this Chinese proverb, expressing the common desire of all countries to achieve development and prosperity by improving their infrastructure. “In the past ten years, Belt a nd Road cooperat ion ha s changed from a vision to a reality,which has promoted connectivity12over land, sea, air and cyberspace, as well as the interconnection of commerce, technology, investment a n d h u m a n i t i e s.” Ta k i n g t h e Hu ng a r y-S erbia R a i lw ay a s a n example, he explained that Serbia is a transportation hub between the East and the West, and Belt and Road cooperation is of great significance to Serbia’s development.T h i s y e a r m a r k s t h e f i f t h anniversary of the opening of the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway, Africa’s first transnational electrified railway, and this project was one of the ea rliest ga ins seen under the Belt and Road cooperation. “T h e A d d i s A b a b a–D j i b o u t i Railway has played an important role in reducing logistics costs and promoting trade between Ethiopia and Djibouti.” Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali pointed out that over the past decade, Belt and Road cooperation has promoted infrastructure construction in Africa, and promoted the trade bet ween China and Africa and the sustainable development of Africa. “Ethiopia is located bet ween Asia, A frica and Europe, and we are willing to continue to play the role of regional hub for the interconnection of Belt and Road cooperation.”Belt a nd Road cooperat ion can not only promote connectivity between neighboring countries, but can also make land-locked countries become l a nd-l i n k ed. Pre sident Thongloun Sisoulith of Laos pointed out that as a landmark project of Belt and Road cooperation jointly built by China and Laos, the China-Laos Railway is a successful case of Belt and Road cooperation across countries. “Interconnection is of great significance to promoting trade and investment, boosting tourism development, and promoting cross-border traffic.”I n O c t o b e r t h i s y e a r, t h e J a k a r t a-B a n d u n g H i g h-S p e e d Railway, another important railway for Belt a nd Road cooperat ion, was off icially put into operation. Indonesian President Joko Widodo thanked the Belt and Road Initiative for its positive contribution to the development of developing countries,and looked forward to the furtherconnection bet ween Indonesia’snew capital construction, energ ytransformation and the Belt andRoad Initiative. “I hope that all thecountries that join the Belt and Roadcooperation can work together topromote common development andbenefit the people of all countries.”Zhao Jinping, former Ministera n d r e s e a r c h e r of t h e Fo r e i g nEconomic Research Department ofthe Development Research Centerof the State Council, said that inthe past 10 years, the interconnectedconst r uc t ion of B e lt a nd R oadcooperation has achieved tangibleresults, especially in terms of thefollowing achievements: includingconsolidating and expanding China’scircle of friends; building a solid andreliable platform for internationalcooperation; improving the abilityand level of regional infrastructureinterconnection; strengthening thetoughness of the industrial chainsupply chain between China and theco-construction countries; deepeningcultural exchanges and cooperationamong countries; and initiating a newprocess of building a green silk road.The Belt and Road Initiative hasbeen positively responded to by moreand more countries and internationalorganizations, and has become a popularglobal public product in the world today.For example, a global network ofconnectivity consists of economiccorridors, international transportation routesand information highways, as wellas railways, roads, airports, ports, pipelinesand power grids. Covering the land, theocean, the sky and the Internet, thisnetwork has boosted the flow of goods,capital, technologies and humanresources bet ween the countriesinvolved and has injected a strongimpetus into the development ofthese countries. According to theWorld Bank’s calculations, the fullimplementation of transportationprojects under the framework of theBelt and Road Initiative is expectedto increase the global income by 0.7%to 2.9% by 2030, and lift 7.6 millionpeople out of extreme poverty and32 million people out of moderatepoverty.Feng Zongxian, a professor atthe School of Economics and Financeof Xi’an Jiaotong University and thechief expert of the Institute of Beltand Road and Global Development,believes that interconnection is thecore of Belt and Road cooperation.I n h i s v i e w, b a s e d o n p o l i c ycommunication, by forming a packageof c o op e r at ion do c u ment s a ndpromoting smooth trade, resourceelements can be optimally allocatedover a wider field. Through financing,the marginal improvement in theefficiency of key links will incite thesustained recovery of global economicact iv it ies. T he interconnect ionst r uc t u re of “si x cor r idor s a nds i x c h a n n e l s s e r v i n g m u l t i p l ecountries and ports” has basicallytaken shape. In the past 10 years,through interconnection, countriesalong the Belt and Road route havebeen supported to accelerate theirintegration into the world economicmap and in industrial division of laborBelt and Roadcooperation cannot only promoteconnectivity betweenneighboring countries,but can also makeland-locked countriesbecome land-linked.13orders. Under the interconnection framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, different countries give full play to their comparative advantages, such as energy, minerals, processing and manufacturing capabilities or large-scale markets, and organically integrate them, releasing enormous amounts of energy.Perfect docking of national strategyBy June, 2023, the Belt and R o a d I n it i at i v e h a d r e l ate d to the Russian strategy on Eurasian Economic Union, K aza k hstan’s new economic policy known as the “Bright Road”, Indonesia’s concept of a “Global Maritime A xis” and Saudi Arabia’s “V ision 2030”, and 107 standardization cooperation documents had been signed with 65 national standardization institutions including Pakistan, Russia, Greece and Ethiopia, as well as international and regional organizations.“In 2022, China and Saudi Arabia signed a comprehensive strategic partnership agreement to further strengthen the docking of our strategic visions and deepen cooperation between the two countries, especially in thefields of transportation, science and technology and energy.” Abdulaziz bin Salman, Saudi Energy Minister, said that Saudi Arabia is one of the most stable sources of oil in China, so Saud i A rabia at tac he s g reat importance to cooperation w ith China and hopes to strengthen the strategic docking between the two countries. “The proposal for Belt and Road cooperation fully conforms to the ambitious goal of Saudi Arabia’s ‘Vision 2030’. We hope that Belt and Road cooperation will help Saudi Arabia become a major producer and exporter of sustainable energy and clean energy in the future.”T h e m e m b e r c o u n t r i e s o f t he Eu r a si a n E c onom ic Un ion Strategy include Russia, Kazakstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia, a l l of which a re pa r tners of the Belt and Road Initiative. Mikhail Myasnikovich, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Eurasian Economic Commission, pointed out that in recent years, with the support of strategic cooperation documents, member countries have continuously promoted the transformation of the construction of transportation hubs and strengthened their digital transportation capacity, and their t r a d e v o l u m e w i t h C h i n a h a s increased by 2.8%, reaching the highest increase in history. “In the future, the Eurasian Economic Union will continue to strengthen docking with the Belt and Road Initiative and create more cooperation paradigms.”Promote peaceful developmentIn recent years, with the persistence and escalation of regional conf licts, some European politicians have at tempted to “decouple” in t he name of “de-risking”. Hungarian Prime Minister Orban pointed out that the “de-risking” policy is the real risk. The Cold War had a far-reaching impact on the development of Centra l and Eastern Europe. Today, decades later, geopolitical conflicts have made Europe weaker and weaker, and China has surpassed the European Union to become the second largest economy in the world,which “disappoints some people, but is not unexpected”. Factions can only bring the risk of war to the world, and interconnection is the only hope of reviving Europe. “All countries that support interconnection should work together for development.”During the forum, China and 26 countries jointly launched the Beijing Initiative for Deepening Cooperation on Connectivity, which defined the development direction and key points of construction from six aspects, including “physical connectivity”, such as transportation, energy, information and water conservancy infrastructure, and “institutional connectivity”, such as business environment and rules and standards. In addition, the forum has also reached nearly 70 practical cooperation achievements, including intergover nmenta l cooperat ion d o c u m e n t s , “b e n c h m a r k i n g ” cooperation projects, and “small yet smart” people-centered programs.Pa k i s t a n i P r i m e M i n i s t e r Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar said that relying on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, modern highways, ports and other infrastructure will connect Pakistan’s cities and remote areas, so that students can receive a better education, small business owners can trade with business partners from all over the world, and the dividends of development will benefit more people. “Under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, interconnection includes not only the connectivity of roads, railways and power grids, but also an important way to connect cultures and people’s hearts.”Accord ing to João Bapt ista Borges, Angolan Minister of Energy and Water Resources, connectivity plays an important role in promoting s u s t a i n a b l e d e v e l o p m e n t a n d s t r e n g t h e n i n g i n t e r n a t i o n a l cooperation, and Belt and Road coop er at ion is one of t he most effective ways to promote sustainable cooperation. “In the past ten years, we have seen fruitful achievements in the field of interconnection, which has promoted trade and personnel exchanges between countries involvedUnder theinterconnection framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, different countries give full play to their comparativeadvantages.14。

六年级英语历史辨析单选题50题

六年级英语历史辨析单选题50题

六年级英语历史辨析单选题50题1.Who is known as the father of the United States?A.George WashingtonB.Abraham LincolnC.Thomas JeffersonD.Benjamin Franklin答案:A。

解析:George Washington 被称为美国国父。

Abraham Lincoln 是美国著名总统,主要功绩是解放黑奴等。

Thomas Jefferson 是美国第三任总统,起草了《独立宣言》。

Benjamin Franklin 是美国著名政治家、科学家等。

2.Which historical figure is famous for leading the Indian independence movement?A.Mahatma GandhiB.Nelson MandelaC.Martin Luther King Jr.D.Vladimir Lenin答案:A。

解析:Mahatma Gandhi 以领导印度独立运动而闻名。

Nelson Mandela 是南非反种族隔离革命家。

Martin Luther King Jr. 领导美国黑人民权运动。

Vladimir Lenin 是俄国十月革命领导者。

3.Who is the author of "The Diary of a Young Girl"?A.Anne FrankB.Helen KellerC.Marie CurieD.Florence Nightingale答案:A。

解析:《安妮日记》的作者是Anne Frank。

Helen Keller 是著名的盲聋女作家。

Marie Curie 是科学家,发现镭元素。

Florence Nightingale 是护士之母。

4.Which historical figure is associated with the theory of relativity?A.Albert EinsteinB.Isaac NewtonC.Galileo GalileiD.Stephen Hawking答案:A。

学位英语考试作文乌克兰总统

学位英语考试作文乌克兰总统

学位英语考试作文乌克兰总统I always thought that no matter how inept and funny the actor-born President Zelensky of Ukraine was,he left one of the most promising countries in the lurch of war.However,heis,after all,the president of a country elected by the Ukrainian people,and should be treated with due respect and trust.We believe that whatever decisions he makes are made with the original intention of bringing a better future and destiny to the Ukrainian people,but the wrong methods and strategies may backfire or be unsatisfactory.But,when you hear,Ukraine's President in the war,the race ran to domestic 20 million tons of food to Poland,as a Chinese,I was startled by his decision to,like a pot of water from the beginning to the gate to toe,so for Ukraine the masses of ordinary people have such a President felt beyond indescribable sadness.You know,what people in a country at war need most is food.There is a saying that"food in the barn,the heart does not panic".With no way to predict when the war will end,they rushed to send grain from their own granaries abroad to meet the demand of U.S.President Joe Biden to lower world food prices,while ignoring the plight of ordinary people at home.As a bystander,I could not help but have a big question in my mind:Is Zelenskystill the president of Ukraine?In Xunzi Wang Ba,it is said that when the country is in danger,there will be no music emperor,and when the country is in danger,the people will have no worries.Incontrast,Zelensky's performance,since the Russia-Ukraine war on February 24,seems to have reached the peak of the actor,all day long,smiling to meet the Us-led western presidents and prime ministers round visit,and constantly video to participate in various world and regional meetings,and take pride in it.Every day with the appearance of the president of the earth to ask this country to impose sanctions on Russia,ask that country to provide weapons,a little bit of disappoints,scold each other.It is not uncommon to make incoherent remarks and go back and forth.In total disregard of the dignity and image of a national leader,he acted like a clown and played a funny and ridiculous farce on the world political stage.Such a president who is present but absent should be thousands of miles away from a national leader who works for the interests of the people and the development of the country.As a Chinese saying goes,a close neighbor is better than a distant relative.As incorporated after the split between the former Soviet union countries,Russia and Ukraine is a symbiosisof the two brothers,both in terms of blood,or from the historical relationship should be the most intimate partnership,besides,Russia and Ukraine's largest trading partner,Russia to Ukraine to provide the cheapest energy such as natural gas,so to speak,Russia has given Ukraine a lot of aid free of charge.Free with the habit has become a matter of course,Ukraine has become a typical representative of the world to eat smashed pot,free of charge with Russia to provide things,to listen to the beauty of the demagogy,with a variety of actions to do a variety of"abandon Russia".Change the name,deny the history,tear down the statue of the Red Army,dig up the cemetery of the Red Army,forever allow the United States to set up biological laboratory in the territory,research and spread biological virus,forever allow the Nazi Azov battalion supported by the West to operate in the territory,slaughter the Russian residents.All these actions have led to widespread resentment and strife in Ukraine,leaving people living in dire straits.What was once Europe's breadbasket and nuclear-armed world power has become Europe's womb."Ukrainians are beautiful,especially women,"Zelensky says defiantly."This is our brand."When the president of a country said from the country's women are commodities,as the people of this countryis how sad and helpless.When a President,according to the actual situation of the country,whether to adopt the good-neighborly and friendly policy,and adopted the policy of"outbred recent attack",and safety should be conducive to the development of the country,regardless of their actual situation,like Ukraine once again trust lies in the United States,stone hit their eggs to Russia,have now states will not state of the phenomenon,the decision-making,If it's not brain-dead,it's apuppet,otherwise it can't explain the phenomenon that even the common people can understand clearly.Till now,in addition to the jersey,even to the nation of 20 million tons of grain reserves to the states,more hear jersey Poland with even he has signed the"no border agreement"between the two countries,yong xu polish troops into uzzi,together to resist the invasion of Russia,but Russia's military in east region),at the same time,the share of Ukraine tax data,Yan gave up its sovereignty and security to Poland.In fact,this is a deal to seek the prosperity of the country,but unfortunately,those who sacrificed their blood and lives for Ukraine's independence.Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of acountry,let alone the president.I hope zelensky,as president,will think more about how to make the country better and do less stupid things like muppets.。

高考英语一轮复习 阶段性效果检测题44(含解析)

高考英语一轮复习 阶段性效果检测题44(含解析)

高考英语一轮复习阶段性效果检测题44(含解析)Ⅰ. 单项填空1. (2013·西安模拟)Because of the intense competition, the company has to raise handset subsidies(电话津贴)to keep customers as a .A. rewardB. prizeC. awardD. result2. During enjoying the Mid-autumn Festival, celebrating the harvest is an important reason, but of importance is the whole family’s get-together.A. fairB. reasonableC. equalD. proper3. (2013·台州模拟)My daughter, all kinds of meat, would not like to eat any vegetable, which worries me a lot.A. devoted toB. addicted toC. accustomed toD. exposed to4. (2013·青岛模拟)Mike often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A. having been finedB. to have been finedC. to be finedD. being fined5. (2013·宁波模拟)In time we reached a stage we had more young readers than old ones.A. whereB. howC. whoD. which6. Shortly after two bombs were exploded on Thursday in the Pakistani city, the mayor went to the spot to the matter himself.A. turn toB. see toC. set toD. refer to7. (2013·湖州模拟)For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll _______my own business someday.A. turn upB. fix upC. set upD. make up8. It’s important to learn to take a positive attitude life when you are_______trouble.A. to; underB. of; inC. to; inD. with; in9. you talk to someone or write a message, you show your skills to others.A. At timesB. Some timeC. Every timeD. The time10. (2013·南昌模拟)The governor was by the press for failing to keep a campaign promise.A. destroyedB. beatenC. foughtD. attacked11. (2013·绵阳模拟) you eat the correct foods be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. Only if; will youB. Only if; you willC. Unless; will youD. Unless; you will12. Edible oil(食用油)safety is a subject we have argued for a long time.A. of whichB. with whichC. about whichD. into which13. After the government forces were defeated, the insurgents(反叛者) .A. came into beingB. came into useC. came into effectD. came into power14. Can you tell me when he was and what he is doing at present?A. out of orderB. out of workC. out of questionD. out of season15. (2013·温州模拟)Betty shows great interest in this poem now, but she thought it boring she read it.A. at the first timeB. the first timeC. for the first timeD. at firstⅡ. 完形填空A certain man planted a rose and watered it faithfully and beforeit blossomed, he examined it.He saw the bud(花蕾)that would soon 1 , but noticed thorns(刺)upon the stem and he thought, “How can any beautiful flower come from a plant 2 so many thorns?” Being sad by this thought, he 3 to water the rose, and just before it was 4 to bloom, it died.5 it is with many people. Within every6 there is a rose. The excellent7 planted in us at birth grow through the thorns of our faults.8 , many of us look at ourselves and9 only the thorns—the 10 .We become 11 , thinking that nothing 12 can possibly come from us. We forget to water the good within us, and 13 it dies. We never realize our 14 advantages.Some people do not see the rose within themselves; 15 , someone else must show it to them. One of the greatest gifts a person can 16 is to be able to reach past the thorns of other people and find the rose within them.This is one of the 17 of love: to look at a person, know his faults, recognize the 18 in his soul, and help him realize that he can 19 his faults. If we show him the “rose” within himself, he will conquer the20 thorns. Only then will they be “blossom” many times over. (238W)1. A. die B. bloom C. grow D. appear2. A. burdened with B. provided with C. met with D. combined with3. A. forgot B. used C. liked D. began4. A. late B. pleased C. ready D. glad5. A. So B. Also C. Very D. Seldom6. A. garden B. park C. shop D. soul7. A. quantities B. qualities C. roses D.flowers8. A. Luckily B. Besides C. Otherwise D. Unfortunately9. A. see B. feel C. touch D. hear10. A. advantages B. characters C. disadvantages D. features11. A. objective B. subjective C. desperate D. hopeful12. A. necessary B. good C. bad D. common13. A. eventually B. generally C. frequently D. rarely14. A. obvious B. potential C. similar D. familiar15. A. as a result B. as a result of C. on the contrary D. by the way16. A. show B. teach C. give D. possess17. A. characteristics B. habits C. appearance D. principles18. A. function B. structure C. power D. nobility19. A. hide B. overcome C. use D. desert20. A. pretty B. weak C. sharp D. strong Ⅲ. 阅读理解(2013·阜新模拟) The advice offered from any other 82-year-olds might have made youngpeople yawn and roll their eyes. But when former South African presidentNelson Mandela advised two dozen local youth leaders in Los Angeles to takeeducation seriously, his audience was listening.The famed old man said to the young people that if they expected toimprove the lives of others in the future, they must work at improving theirown lives now. “Education is one of the most important weapons youhave, ” Mandela advised. “It will place you in a far better position to serve yourself and your community. ”“The point is, he was young once and rebellious once and he kept his dream alive, just as you each have dreams, ” explained South Africa’s ambassador to the United States, Sheila Sisulu, as she introduced Mandela to the young crowd.Asked for specific advice about changing society by 21-year-old Ahmed Younis,Mandela suggested that somehow helping arouse more American interest in foreign affairs might be a start.“There is an impression that Americans, in general, have not followed international developments properly, ” Mandela said. “I’m not making that statement myself, but there are serious political analysts who say Americans are not well informed as to what has happened in the world. ”22-year-old Omari Trice said Mandela left him full of enthusiasm. “He’s a person w ho set the tone for an entire nation, ” said Trice. “You come away feeling you need to be a superman in order to get things done. ” (230W)1. From the passage, we can conclude that American youth .A. are willing to accept the advice from world-famous leadersB. usually think that advice from old people is not worth consideringC. have a good understanding of the oldD. have no intention to improve the lives of others2. Nelson Mandela makes the point in his speech that American youth leaders should .A. improve their own livesB. go to college for better educationC. put more importance on educationD. become interested in foreign affairs3. What Sheila Sisulu said suggested that .A. Nelson Mandela never lost hope in his lifeB. she was especially troublesome when youngC. Nelson Mandela was quite different from American youth when youngD. American youth should be no more rebellious4. From what Trice said, we can know that .A. he was greatly impressed and encouraged by Mandela’ sspeechB. he thought little of Mandela’s speechC. he must be a superman in order to change societyD. he’ll be more interested in international development【语篇随练】Ⅰ. 根据阅读理解, 翻译下列句子1. The famed old man said to the young people that if they expected to improve the lives of others in the future, they must work at improving their own lives now. ____________________________________________________________________2. It will place you in a far better position to serve yourself and your community. ____________________________________________________________________Ⅱ. 用30个词左右概括阅读理解大意_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案解析Ⅰ. 1.【解析】选A。

肯尼迪总统就职演说英文版

肯尼迪总统就职演说英文版

肯尼迪总统就职演说英文版vice president johnson, mr. speaker, mr. chief justice, president eisenhower, vice president nixon, president truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens, we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom——symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning——signifying renewal, as well as change. for i have sworn i before you and almighty god the same solemn oath our forebears l prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.the world is very different now. for man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. and yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe——the belief that the rights of man e not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of god.we dare not fet today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of americans——born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage——and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been mitted, and to which we are mitted today at home and around the world. let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.this much we pledge——and more.to those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. united, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. divided, there is little we can do——for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.to those new states whom we wele to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. we shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. but we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom——and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. to those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required——not because the munists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. if a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.to our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge——to convert our good words into good deeds——in a new alliance for progress——to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. but this peaceful revolution of hope cannot bee the prey of hostile powers. let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the americas. and let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain themaster of its own house.to that world assembly of sovereign states, the united nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support——to prevent it from being merely a forum for invective ——to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak——and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.we dare not tempt them with weakness. for only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.but neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take fort from our present course——both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war. so let us begin anew——remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. let us never negotiate out of fear. but let us never fear to negotiate.let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious andprecise proposals for the inspection and control of arms——and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and merce.let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the mand of isaiah——to "undo the heavy burdens …… and to let the oppressed go free."and if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved. all this will not be finished in the first 100 days. nor will it be finished in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this pla. but let us begin.in your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. since this country was founded, each generation of americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. the graves of young americans who answered the call to service surround the globe. now the trumpet summons us again——not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are——but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, "rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation"——a struggle against the mon enemies of man:tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.can we fe against these enemies a grand and global alliance, north and south, east and west, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? will you join in that historic effort? in the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. i do not shank from this responsibility——i wele it. i do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. the energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it——and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.and so, my fellow americans: ask not what your country can do for you——ask what you can do for your country.my fellow citizens of the world: ask not what america will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. finally, whether you are citizens of america or citizens of the world, ask of us the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. with a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking his blessing and his help, but knowing that here on earth god's work must truly be our own.。

高中英语真题-各国政要对曼德拉的颂词

高中英语真题-各国政要对曼德拉的颂词

高中英语真题:各国政要对曼德拉的颂词World leaders, family, friends and thousands of mourners who li ned up for hours to secure a seat in Johannesburg's FNB sta dium paid tribute to South Africa's anti-apartheid icon Nelson Mandela. Here's a selection of quotes fro m the speeches at the memorial service and from mourners att ending the event:世界各国领导人,曼德拉的家人、朋友,以及排了好几个小时的长队,以争取在曼德拉追悼会所在地约翰内斯堡的FNB体育场占到席位的成千上万的哀悼者向南非反种族隔离偶像纳尔逊·曼德拉致以崇高的敬意。

这里是从追悼会演讲和参会的哀悼者中摘取的语录:Mandela family friend Andrew Mlangeni: "He touched my heart, my soul, my life and those of the millio ns of South Africans. He created hope where there was none."Family member Thanduxolo Mandela: "To him, life was all abou t service to others. He mingled withkings, queens and presidents. ... At the core, he was a man ofthe people."United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon:"Mr Mandela was more than one of the greatest pillars of our time. He was one of ourgreatest teachers. He taught by example. He sacrificed so muc h ... for freedom and equality, for democracy and justice."US President Barack Obama: "He was not a bust made of marb le(大理石), he was a man of flesh and blood. It is hard to eulogize (颂扬) any man ... how much harder to do so for a giant of history who moved a nation towards justice."Former British prime minister Gordon Brown: "His life was just a n extraordinary journey, from beginning to end,with such an effect, both on his own country, and on the rest of the world. So, enjo y today, enjoy and celebrate what he achieved. We may not se e his like again."Muhammad Choonara, a 24-year-old university student: "I think Madiba would like us to celebrate and not be sad, to have smiles on our faces."Matlhogonolo Mothoagae, a 24-year-old marketing student: "I would not have the life I have today if it was not for him. I'm here to show my gratitude to Madiba. He w as jailed so we could have our freedom."各国政要对曼德拉的颂词World leaders, family, friends and thousands of mourners who lined up for hours to secure a se at in Johannesburg's FNB sta dium paid tribute to South Africa's anti-apartheid icon Nelson Mandela. Here's a selection of quotes from the speeches at the memorial service and from mourners attending the event:世界各国领导人,曼德拉的家人、朋友,以及排了好几个小时的长队,以争取在曼德拉追悼会所在地约翰内斯堡的FNB体育场占到席位的成千上万的哀悼者向南非反种族隔离偶像纳尔逊·曼德拉致以崇高的敬意。

新视野大学英语读写教程(第二版)第二册课文及翻译

新视野大学英语读写教程(第二版)第二册课文及翻译

Unit 1Time-Conscious AmericansAmericans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor."We are slaves to nothing but the clock," it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a person's hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count.A foreigner's first impression of the US is likely to be that everyone is in a rush—often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish so they, too, can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. Don't take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else "wasting" it beyond a certain appropriate point.Many new arrivals in the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a restaurant or coffee house. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear.Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer—especially given our traffic-filled streets. We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings.To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person. However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, conducting "teleconferences" to settle problems not only in this country but also—by satellite—internationally.The US is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointments, to say "Thank you", to shop and to obtain all kinds of information. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are, consequently, given added weight by the passage of time. In the US, however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to "get it moving".美国人认为没有人能停止不前。

大学英语六级阅读理解精炼篇缅怀林肯总统含答案

大学英语六级阅读理解精炼篇缅怀林肯总统含答案

大学英语六级阅读理解精炼篇缅怀林肯总统含答案6月大学英语六级阅读理解精炼50篇34缅怀林肯总统(含答案)英语六级阅读理解精炼第34篇,练习缅怀林肯总统,含有六级阅读练习题,参考译文,答案等内容。

供正在准备英语六级考试的学习者参考学习。

34. president lincoln1the civil war2 lasted four years. it ended in 1865 . president lincoln signed the order that made the slaves in the south free . soon there would be no more slavery in america.all the states were united again. the union was saved. but the damages ofwar had to be mended. the country must be led back to peace.president lincoln looked old. his face was lined3 with worry.one evening mrs. lincoln wanted to cheer up4 the president. she asked him to take her to the theater. the president and mrs. lincoln sat in a box5. halfway through the play a shot was fired. president lincoln was killed. an actor named john wilkes booth had shot the president. booth was a queer, half crazy person, who had been upset by the war.people all over the country, north and south, were shocked by the terrible news. the whole country had lost its great leader.the train that carried president lincoln back home to springfield was draped6 in black. crowds of people stood by the railroad tracks in every city and town. some waited all night on lonesome country roads to see the train go by. many of the people wept.the train moved slowly. its mournful whistle blew across the prairie where young abe lincoln had lived. abrahamlincoln was buried in springfield, illinois, where he lived the happiest years with his family.in washington , d. c., the lincoln memorial7 helps americans remember their great president. there is a beautiful statue to lincoln . his face looks down on the thousands of people who come there. it makes each one feel the deep kindness and understanding that abraham lincoln showed to all people while he lived.阅读自测Ⅰ. multiple choices: choose the correctmeaning of the underlined words:his face is lined with worry.a. telephone connectionb. long narrow mark, either straight or curvedc. wrinklesd. rope , threadⅡ. according to the passage , which statement is false?a. the civil war began in 1861.b. president lincoln made the slaves in the south free after the war.c. the lincoln memorial was built to remember the great president abraham lincoln.d. after civil war all the states turned to be onestate. Ⅲ.question :in this passage, it mainly tells about the death of lincoln. but it also gives us some information of the great deeds he had done . try to say something about lincoln.参考答案Ⅰ. c Ⅱ. d Ⅲ. abraham lincoln was the 16 th president of america . he had led the american civil war and made the slaves in the south free . in this way all the states were united together as a whole country. lincoln was president. he wasvery kind to his people. when he died, people all over the country felt very sad. they lost their respectable president. it was really a great loss to them.参考译文缅怀林肯总统美国内战持续了四年并于1865 年结束。

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Former Indonesian President Remembered as Advocate for Tolerance, Democracy
Thousands of mourners chanted the Islamic prayer, “there is no god but Allah," as former Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid was buried near his home in East Java Thursday.
Better known by his nickname Gus Dur,he died Wednesday at the age of 69 of
complications arising from diabetes and strokes he had suffered.
Current President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono led the memorial service. He says Indonesia has lost one of the best sons of the nation and one of its best statesmen.
Mr. Wahid rose to political prominence through his role as leader of one of the country's biggest Islamic movements, the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). He was a critic ofmilitary strongman Mr. Suharto during his nearly three decades in power.
In 1999, soon after Mr. Suharto was forced to resign, national elections were held and Mr. Wahid was selected by the parliament to become Indonesia's fourth president.
Political commentator Wimar Witoelar was President Wahid's chief presidential spokesman. He says Mr. Wahid established national values of tolerance and equality that today define democracy in Indonesia.
"They have lived on. They have lived on," said Witoelar. "The things we are praised now for being, … the anti-corruption going on stream, the military which is taking a back seat into politics, the notion that Chinese and other minorities are equal, their holidays being celebrated, the multi-religiosity, the religious pluralism in which you can see fantastic Christmas carols in the malls of Jakarta are all an offspring of breakthroughs he did."
World leaders are sending their condolences to President Wahid's family and the people of Indonesia. U.S. President Barack Obama said President Wahid will be remembered for his commitment to democratic principles, inclusive politics, and religious tolerance.
Mr. Wahid sought dialogue and conciliation with ethnic separatists in Aceh and Papua. And he visited East Timor to apologize for Indonesian atrocities there and tried unsuccessfully to put in place a truth commission. He also cracked down on Islamist extremists in 2000 after terrorist bombings killed 18 people in Indonesia.
As president, Mr. Wahid challenged traditional power centers. He worked to roll back the role of the military in political life and to decentralize power to Indonesia's far-flung provinces. But his administration was characterized by unpredictable cabinet reshuffles and allegations of nepotism.
And he alienated some Muslim supporters by calling for diplomatic relations with Israel and an end to a Cold War-era ban on communism.
His term ended in 2001 with his impeachment for alleged corruption for misappropriation of state funds. Mr. Wahid initially attempted to remain in power by declaring a state of emergency but eventually stepped down. He denied any wrongdoing and was never tried on criminal charges.
Witoelar says Mr. Wahid was forced out of office because he was unwilling to compromise his political integrity and presidential authority.
"I was a witness into several negotiations in which the Golkar party and others offered a compromise solution but he never thought of accepting them," said Witoelar. "He said it is too important, his opportunity to uphold moral principles in politics was too important to be sacrificed for the sake of expediency."
While President Abdurrahman Wahid's time in office was short, his vision of Indonesia as a tolerant, pluralistic society endures.。

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