POLYMER
polymer
• Solids Clamps 固体扭转夹具
• SER-Tool 熔体拉伸工具 • UV-cell 紫外单元 • All other options available 其他可选项
6
HAAKE MARS + UTCE/PC
21
Application of HAAKE Rheometer in Polymer Characterization 哈克流变仪在聚合物表征中的应用
Above a critical concentration
lg h0
Mc h0 is proportional to M3.4
due to the entanglement of the polymer molecules Below Mc there is no entanglement, h0 is ―only‖ proportional to MW 由于聚合物的缠结，聚合物溶
h0 ~ MW3.4
h 0 ~ MW
液在临界浓度Mc之上时，零剪
切粘度与分子量的3.4次方成正 比 在临界浓度之下，零剪切粘度
只与分子量1次方成正比
14
Mc
lg MW
The Viscosity Curve…粘度曲线的意义
• Contains valuable information 包含具有重要价值的信息
Shear Stress t h0 Zero Shear Viscosity零剪切粘度
ge0
gr 0 G0
Equilibrium Deformation平衡形变
Retardation Retardation time 松弛时间 Complex Modulus 复合模量
聚合物相关专业词汇
聚合物相关专业词汇1．macromolecule，polymer 高分子，又称“大分子”2．supra polymer 超高分子3．natural polymer 天然高分子4．inorganic polymer 无机高分子5．organic polymer 有机高分子6．inorganic organic polymer 无机-有机高分子7．organometallic polymer 金属有机聚合物8．element polymer 元素高分子9．oligomer 低聚物, “齐聚物”10．dimer 二聚体11．trimer 三聚体12．prepolymer 预聚物13．regular polymer 规整聚合物14．irregular polymer 非规整聚合物15．atactic polymer无规立构聚合物16．isotactic polymer 全同立构聚合物，又称“等规聚合物”17．syndiotactic polymer 间同立构聚合物，又称“间规聚合物”18．heterotactic polymer 杂同立构聚合物，又称“异规聚合物”19．stereoregular polymer，tactic polymer有规立构聚合物，“有规聚合物”20．amphiphilic block copolymer 两亲嵌段共聚物21．Heteropolymer 杂聚物22．azeotropic copolymer 恒[组]分共聚物23．multicomponent copolymer 多组分共聚物24．monodisperse polymer，uniform polymer 单分散聚合物25．polydisperse polymer，non-uniform polymer多分散性聚合物26．Polyblend，polymer blend 高分子共混物27．polymer-metal complex 聚合物-金属配合物28．photosensitive polymer 光敏聚合物29．single-strand polymer 单股聚合物30．double-strand polymer 双股聚合物,梯形聚合物31．multi-strand polymer 多股聚合物32．carbon chain polymer 碳链聚合物33．heterochain polymer 杂链聚合物34．heterocyclic polymer 杂环高分子35．macrocyclic polymer 大环聚合物36．straight chain polymer 直链高分子37．linear polymer 线型聚合物38．three-dimensionalpolymer 体型聚合物，又称“网络聚合物(network polymer)”、交联聚合物(crosslinked polymer) 39．living polymer 活[性]高分子40．Reactive polymer 反应性聚合物41．polar polymer 极性聚合物42．non-polar polymer 非极性聚合物43．rigid chain polymer 刚性链聚合物44．dendrimer，dendritic polymer，tree polymer 树状高分子45．branched polymer 支化聚合物46．hyperbranched polymer 超支化聚合物47．graft polymer 接枝聚合物48．core shell copolymer 核-壳共聚物49．core shell latex polymer 核-壳胶乳聚合物50．chiral polymer 手性高分子51．interpenetrating polymer networks IPN互穿[聚合物]网络52．semi-interpenetrating polymer network半互穿［聚合物］网络53．conjugated polymer 共轭聚合物54．synthetic polymer 合成聚合物55．addition polymer 加[成]聚[合]物56．commodity polymer 通用高分子57．functional polymer 功能高分子58．biomimetic polymer 仿生高分子59．shape-memory polymer 形状记忆高分子60．enzyme like polymer 类酶高分子61．biopolymer 生物高分子62．bioelastomer 生物弹性体63．bioactive polymer 生物活性高分子64．photopolymer 感光聚合物65．biodegradable polymer 生物降解高分子66．medical polymer 医用高分子67．biomedical polymer 生物医用高分子68．degradable polymer 降解性高分子69．high performance polymer 高性能高分子70．high modulus polymer 高模量聚合物71．speciality polymer 特殊性能高分子，又称“特种高分子”72．intelligent polymer 智能聚合物73．hydrophilic polymer 亲水聚合物74．hydrophobic polymer 疏水聚合物75．amphiphilic polymer 两亲聚合物76．water absorbent polymer 吸水性聚合物77．water soluble polymer 水溶性高分子78．macroporous polymer 大孔聚合物79．fine polymer 精细高分子80．photoresponsive polymer 光响应高分子81．optical active polymer 光活性聚合物82．photoluminescence polymer 光致发光聚合物83．electroluminescent polymer 电致发光聚合物84．thermosensitive luminescence polymer 热敏发光聚合物85．photocrosslinkable polymer 光交联聚合物86．photocurable polymer 光固化聚合物87．photodegradable polymer 光降解聚合物88．photoconductive polymer 光[电]导聚合物89．conducting polymer 导电聚合物90．superconductive polymer 超导聚合物91．semiconducting polymer 高分子半导体92．electroactive polymer 电活性聚合物93．piezoelectric polymer 压电高分子94．pyroelectric polymer 热电性高分子95．electrochromic polymer 电致变色聚合物96．polymeric additive 高分子添加剂97．liquid crystal polymer 液晶高分子98．polymer catalyst 高分子催化剂99．polymeric carrier, polymer support 高分子载体100．polymer reactant, polymer reagent 高分子试剂101．Ionomer 离子交联聚合物102．ion exchange polymer 离子交换聚合物103．ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂104．cation exchange resin 正离子交换树脂105．anion exchange resin 负离子交换树脂106．Polyelectrolyte 聚电解质, 又称“高分子电解质”(polymer electrolyte)107．thermally sensitive resin 热敏性树脂108．natural resin 天然树脂109．thermoplastic resin 热塑性树脂110．thermosetting resin 热固性树脂111．acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂,ABS树脂112．acrylonitrile styrene resin 丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂(AS) 113．acrylic resin 丙烯酸[酯]类树脂114．fluorocarbon resin 氟碳树脂115．acetal resin 缩醛树脂116．methylal resin 缩甲醛树脂117．butyral resin 缩丁醛树脂118．phenol-formaldehyde resin，phenolic resin 酚醛树脂119．plastic alloy 塑料合金120．engineering plastic 工程塑料121．reinforced plastic 增强塑料122．fiber reinforced plastic 纤维增强塑料123．self-reinforcing polymer 自增强聚合物124．nano-composite 纳米复合材料125．in situ composite 原位复合材料126．organic inorganic hybrid material 有机-无机杂化材料127．vulcanized rubber, vulcanizate 硫化橡胶128．polyamide fiber 聚酰胺纤维, 又称"锦纶" 、"尼龙" 129．aramid (芳香族聚酰胺) fiber聚芳酰胺纤维, 又称"芳纶"，"芳香尼龙" 130．polyester fiber 聚酯纤维, 又称" 涤纶" 131．acrylic fiber 聚丙烯腈纤维, 又称“ 腈纶”132．polypropylene fiber 聚丙烯纤维, 又称“ 丙纶”133．polyvinyl alcohol fiber 聚乙烯醇纤维134．formalized PVA fiber聚乙烯醇缩甲醛纤维, 又称“维尼纶”135．polyvinyl chloride fiber 聚氯乙烯纤维, 又称“ 氯纶”136．polyurethane elastic fiber 聚氨酯弹性纤维, 又称"氨纶"聚酰胺Polyamide聚酯Polyester聚氨酯Polyurethane聚硅氧烷Polysiloxane酚醛Phenol-formaldehyde脲醛Urea-formaldehyde聚脲polyureas聚硫Polysulfide聚缩醛Polyacetal聚砜Polysulfone (polysulphone)聚醚Polyether聚环氧乙烷：poly(ethylene oxide) /poly(oxyethylene)聚对苯二甲酸二乙酯（涤纶）poly(ethylene terephthalate) ,terylon/Dacron环氧树脂：epoxy resin醇酸树脂：alkyd resin硅橡胶：silicon rubber/silastic；聚硫橡胶（乙硫橡胶）thiokol聚乙烯polyethylene PE聚丙烯polypropylene PP聚异丁烯polyisobutylene PIB聚苯乙烯polystyrene PS聚氯乙烯poly(vinyl chloride) PVC聚偏二氯乙烯poly(vinyl dichloride) PVDC聚氟乙烯poly(vinyl fluoride) PVF聚四氟乙烯poly(tetrafluroethylene) PTFE聚三氟氯乙烯poly(triflurochloro ethylene) PCTFE 聚丙烯酸poly(acrylic acid) PAA聚丙烯酰胺polyacrylamide PAM聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA 聚丙烯腈poly(acrylonitrile) PAN聚醋酸乙烯酯poly(vinyl acetate) PVAc聚乙烯醇poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA聚丁二烯polybutadiene PB聚异戊二烯polyisoprene PIP。
Polymer 锂离子电池说明书.pdf_1718703523.3075805
Specification Approval Sheet Name：Polymer Lithium-Ion BatteryModel： CELLEVIA BATTERIES LP684063SPEC：3.7V/ 1900mAhNumber: 684063Specification Modification RecordsContent1.Scope:This specification describes the Product Specification of chargeable Polymer Lithium-IonBattery produced by Cellevia.Any copies are invalid without our company’s approval2.Model :3.Cell parameters Index:3.2 Parameters of batterythe temperature.4.Electronic Characteristics test and inspection:4.1 Standard testing environmentUnless special stated, tests should be done within one month of delivery and thecharging-recharging times is less than 5 times. The following is test conditions: Ambient Temperature： 25℃±0.5℃Ambient Humidity： 65 ±20%4.2 The requirement of measure instrument(1) The measure instrument is passed tested by qualified institute.(2) The accuracy of the size instrument is not more than 0.01mm.(3) The accuracy of multimeter is not less than 0.5%. while measure the voltage, theinternal resistance mustn’t less than 10KΩ.(4) The principal of the internal resistance is 1KHz LCR, the accuracy is 0.2%.(5) The internal resistance is changeable, it varies according to the temperature and thecharging mode. And it is relevant to the PTC and the length and the Capacity of the drawing line.(6) The current accuracy of the battery test system is more than ±0.1%,isobaricallyaccuracy is ±0.5%, timer accuracy is less than ±0.1%.(7) The accuracy of the temperature meter is less than ±0.5℃.4.3 Visual inspectionAny visual inspection defects will affect the electronic characteristics, such as cracks,leakage, and flaw, are not inexistence.Notes： The Max. voltage while charging is not more than 4.25V.The Max.protective voltage designed on PCB board should not more than4.3V.5. Storage and others5.1 Long Period StorageIf the cell has been stored for 3 month, it should be transfer to a dry and cool environment. Storage Voltage is between 3.6V and 3.9V and the storage conditions as Item 4.1.5.2Any matters that this specification does not cover should be conferred between theSpecification Approval sheet6.Drawing6.1 Assembly diagram(not in scale)Model ：LP68406341.0MAX30adhesive wire black AWG2660wire red (+)AWG26507040631900m A hE V I A B A T T E R I E S 3,7 V! Danger●Strictly prohibits heat or throw cell into fire.●Strictly prohibits throw and wet cell in liquid such as water, gasoline or drink etc.●Strictly prohibits use leave cell close to fire or inside of a car where temperature may be above60°C. Also do not charge / discharge in such conditions.●Strictly prohibits put batteries in your pockets or a bag together with metal objects such asnecklaces. Hairpins,coins, or screws. Do not store or transportation batteries with such objects.●Strictly prohibits short circuit the (+) and (-) terminals with other metals.●Do not place Cell in a device with the (+) and (-) in the wrong way around.●Strictly prohibits pierce Cell with a sharp object such as a needle.●Strictly prohibits disassemble or modify the cell.●Strictly prohibits welding a cell directly.●Do not use a Cell with serious scar or deformation.●Thoroughly read the user’s manual before use, inaccurate handling of lithium ion rechargeablecell may cause leakage, heat, smoke, an explosion, or fire, capacity decreasing.! Warning●Strictly prohibits put cell into a microwave oven, dryer, or high-pressure container.●Strictly prohibits use cell with dry cells and other primary batteries, or new and old battery orbatteries of a different package, type, or brand.●Stop charging the Cell if charging is not completed within the specified time.●Stop using the Cell if abnormal heat, odor, discoloration, deformation or abnormal condition isdetected during use, charge, or storage.●Keep away from fire immediately when leakage or foul odor is detected.●If liquid leaks onto your skin or clothes, wash well with fresh water immediately.●If liquid leaking from the Cell gets into your eyes, do not rub your eyes. Wash them well with cleanedible oil and go to see a doctor immediately.! Caution●Before using the Cell, be sure to read the user’s manual and cautions on handling thoroughly.●Charging with specific charger according to product specification. Charge with CC/CV method.Strictly prohibits revered charging. Connect cell reverse will not charge the cel. At the sametime, it will reduce the charge-discharge characteristics and safety characteristics, this will leadto product heat and leakage.●Store batteries out of reach of children so that they are not accidentally swallowed.●If younger children use the Cell, their guardians should explain the proper handling.●Before using the Cell, be sure to read the user’s manual and cautions on handling thoroughly.●Batteries have life cycles. If the time that the Cell powers equipment becomes much shorter thanusual, the Cell life is at an end. Replace the Cell with a new same one.●When not using Cell for an extended period, remove it from the equipment and store in aplace with low humidity and low temperature.●While the Cell pack is charged, used and stored, keep it away from objects or materials with staticelectric charges.●If the terminals of the Cell become dirty, wipe with a dry clothe before using the Cell.●Storage the cells in storage temperature range as the specifications, After full discharged, wesuggest that charging to 3.9~4.0V with no using for a long time.●Do not exceed these ranges of the following temperature ranges.Charge temperature range : 0 °C to 45 °C;Discharge temperature range : -20 °C to 60 °C.(When using equipment)Handling Precaution and GuidelineFor LIP (Lithium-Ion Polymer) Rechargeable BatteriesPrefaceThis document of ‘Handling Precautions and Guideline LIP Rechargeable Batteries’shall be applied to the battery cells manufactured by CELLEVIA.Note (1): The customer is requested to contact CELLEVIA in advance, if and when the customer needs other applications of operating conditions than those described in this document. Additional experimentation may be required to verify performance and safety under such condition.Note (2): CELLEVIA will take no responsibility for any accident when the cell is used under other condition.Note (3): CELLEVIA will inform, in a written form, the customer of improvement(s) regarding proper use and handling of the cell, if it is deemed necessary.1. Charging 1.1ChargingCurrent:Charging current should be less than maximum charge current specified in theSpecification Approval Sheet.1.2 Charging Voltage:Charging voltage should be less than the maximum nominal voltage 4.2V, andthe charging voltage upper limited is 4.30V(single pack).1.3 Charging Temperature:The cell should be charged within the range specified in this Specification ApprovalSheet.1.4 Notes:Since charging with constant current or constant voltage, reverse charging isprohibited. In case of the cell is connected improperly, the cell cannot be charged.Simultaneously, the reverse charging may cause damaging to the cell whichmay lead to degradation of cell performance and damage the cell safety, andcould cause heat generation or leakage.2. Discharging Current:The cell shall be discharged at less than the maximum discharge current specified in the Specification Approval Sheet. High discharging current may reduce the discharging capacity significantly or cause over-heat.3. Discharging TemperatureDischarging Temperature should be within the range specified in this Specification Approval Sheet.4.Over-DischargeOver-discharging will cause cell low-performance and function loss. The cell would be in a over-discharged state by its self-discharge characteristic. In order to prevent over-discharging, the cell shall be charged periodically to maintain between 3.6V and 3.9V.5. Protective Circuit Module5.1 The cell / battery pack shall be with a PCM that can protect cell / battery packproperly. PCM shall have functions of(1) Overcharging prevention(2) Over-discharging prevention(3) Over current prevention to maintain safety and prevent significant deteriorationof cell performance. The over current can occur by external short circuit.5.2 Overcharging ProtectionOvercharging prevention function shall stop charging if any cell of the battery packreaches 4.30V.5.3 Over-discharging protectionOver-discharging protection function shall monitor the voltage of every cell in the pack, and work to avoid further drop in the cell voltage of 2.75V or less.6. StorageCells should be stored in proper temperature specified in Specification ApprovalSheet.7. AppearanceIt shall be free from any defects such as remarkable scratches, breaks, cracks,discoloration, leakage or deformation .8. Notice△!8.1 Handling of cells:Avoid any short-circuit, it will caused the pole hot and lost electronic functions.Soft packing is very damaged by sharp edge parts such as needles and knives.Avoid cells touch with sharp edge part, when handling and storage.Beside the poles is the sealed edge. Don’t bend or fold dealing edge, for it is a sensitive part.Don’t open the folding edge on both sides of the cells.Don’t bend the tabs, for the tabs are not so stubborn.Avoid mechanical shock to the cells.Don’t put the cells into the heater, washing machine or high-voltage container.Don’t use the charger without any safety guarantee, and recommend you use specified charger.You should immediately stop charging, as cell is overheating, delivery any smell, changed color, distortion etc.Before Children use batteries, adults should explain the usage first.Before use batteries, please read the handling guideline carefully and fully understand.Away from the static-electronic field, while using, charging and storing cells.Don’t put the cells together with metal conductors such as chains, barrette, bolt into the pocket or stored them together.Don’t use metal conductor to shortcut the positive and negative poles.Don’t mis-assemble the positive pole with the negative one.8.2 Notice for Designing Battery Pack8.2.1 Package DesignBattery pack should have sufficient strength and battery should be protected from mechanical shock.No sharp edge components should be inside the pack containing the battery.The overcharge threshold voltage should not be exceed 4.30V (single pack)The over-discharge threshold voltage should not be lower than 2.75V (single pack)The PCM should have short protection built inside.8.3 Notice for Assembling Battery Pack8.3.2 Tab connectionUltrasonic welding or spot welding is recommended to connect battery with PCM or other parts.If apply manual solder method to connect tab with PCM, below notice is very important to ensure battery performance.8.3.2.1 The solder iron should be temperature controlled and ESDsafe.8.3.2.2 Soldering temperature should not exceed 350℃.8.3.2.3 Soldering time should not be longer than 3 seconds .8.3.2.4 Keep battery tab cold down before next time soldering.8.3.2.5 Directly heat cell body is strictly prohibited. Battery shouldbe damaged by heat above approx. 60℃.8.3.3 Cell fixingThe battery should be fixed to the battery pack by its large surface area.No sharp edge at the assembling position.No cell movement in the battery pack should be allowed.9.Others9.1 The disassembling may generate internal shout circuit in the cell, which may causegassing, firing, or other problem.9.2 Prohibition of dumping of cells into fireNever incinerate or dispose the cells in fire, for these may cause firing of the cells.9.3 The cells should never be soaked with liquids such as water, drinks or oil.9.4 Prohibit using the cells mixed with different manufactories. Prohibit using new cellsmixed with old ones.▲Special Notice: If the cell isn’t used for a long time, Please Keep the cells in half-charged state, which is keeping them unfully charged or incompletely discharged. Recharge the cells and use half of the power after 2-3months. Store the cells in cool and dry place. It will protect the cell from damage effectively and long-term.10. StatementIf our specifications material, product process or product control system has changed, the information will be transmitted to consumer by way of written with quality and reliability data.。
聚合物基复合材料 Polymer Matrix Composite
s 1.9 10 Ck
N/cm
高分子复合材料-聚合物与粘接
31
固体临界表面张力求取法
乙二醇 45 二碘甲烷 50 甲酰胺 57.5 甘油 62.5 水 72
高分子复合材料-聚合物与粘接
32
固液界面张力和浸润角
固液间界面张力公式可以估计为 1 sl s l 2 ( s l ) 2
高分子复合材料-概述 19
纤维单向铺层(单层)复合材料
基体
Em
纤维
Ef
E x E m V m E f V f E f V f E m 1 V f
高分子复合材料-概述 20
纤维增强机理
粘解完好且在弹性范围内，应力
f E f f , m Em m
复合材料弹性模量
高分子复合材料-概述
2
高分子复合材料-概述
3
复合材料无所不在！
高分子复合材料-概述
4
我们住在复合材料里
高分子复合材料-概述
5
复合材料定义要点
复合材料包含两种或两种以上物理上不同 并可能用机械方法分离的材料。一般其中 一种为连续相，另一种为功能增强相。 几种材料通过某种方法混合在一起获得复 合性能。 复合材料的总体性能优于各单独组分材料， 并在某些方面可能具有独特性能。
聚合物基复合材料 Polymer Matrix Composite
刘和文
哈工大教授、中国工结合、学科交叉融合， 既解决了实际工程问题，又解决了学科 发展的理论问题。 用力学新的理论和方法去解决复合 材料及一些新材料应用中的问题，为祖
国的航天和国防事业服务。
高分子复合材料-概述 22
界面粘着理论
高分子化学浙江大学polymer1Introduction-精选文档92页
Plastics Fibers Rubbers Coatings Adhensives Functional
General Fine
33
B. Processability
结晶
无定形
Molecules in a thermoplastic (热塑性）are held together by relatively weak intermolecular forces, so that the material softens when exposed to heat and then returns to its original condition when cooled
8
degree of polymerization 聚合度
Note that all three representations are equivalent. One usually chooses the representation that emphasizes the monomer (单体) from which the polymer was made.
* China
1970 27 4.9 5.5 38
1980 53 12 13 78
1990 107 24 23 154
2000 175(11*) 35 (6.4) 44 (0.9) 254
14
General Plastics(通用塑料)
15
Engineering plastics(工程塑料)
16
There are end groups on the chain that are different from the repeat units, but these usually represent a negligible portion of the molecule, so they are seldom drawn.
Polymer_Intro聚合物基础
Polymer Properties
Properties of a Polymer Depend on:
Product Information
Non-halogenated, 10.5 MFR
Typical Properties Typical Value Units
LEXAN 141
• Chemical Composition of the Monomers • Shape and Length of the Polymer Chains
Polymer Chain Alignment
High Density Linear Polymer
Many “linear” molecules fit in a given volume.
Low Density Branched Polymer
Fewer “branched” molecules fit in the same volume.
Molecule
High molecule • High strength • Low flow
Low molecule
•Low strength
•High flow
Polymer Chain Shape
Branched Polymer
Low Density Polyethylene
Characterized by Branched Formation of Base Molecular Units
e
Polymer Intro
聚合物基础
Simon zhu
2003.7/2
Goal
• Why? • Why? • Why?
Goal
Materials
高分子专业英语
高分子专业英语词汇英汉对照关键词：英语高分子词汇英汉对照序号中文英文1 高分子 macromolecule, polymer 又称"大分子"。
2 超高分子 supra polymer3 天然高分子 natural polymer4 无机高分子 inorganic polymer5 有机高分子 organic polymer6 无机-有机高分子 inorganic organic polymer7 金属有机聚合物 organometallic polymer8 元素高分子 element polymer9 高聚物 high polymer10 聚合物 polymer11 低聚物 oligomer 曾用名"齐聚物"。
12 二聚体 dimer13 三聚体 trimer14 调聚物 telomer15 预聚物 prepolymer16 均聚物 homopolymer17 无规聚合物 random polymer18 无规卷曲聚合物 random coiling polymer19 头-头聚合物 head-to-head polymer20 头-尾聚合物 head-to-tail polymer21 尾-尾聚合物 tail-to-tail polymer22 反式有规聚合物 transtactic polymer23 顺式有规聚合物 cistactic polymer24 规整聚合物 regular polymer25 非规整聚合物 irregular polymer26 无规立构聚合物 atactic polymer27 全同立构聚合物 isotactic polymer 又称"等规聚合物"。
28 间同立构聚合物 syndiotactic polymer 又称"间规聚合物"。
29 杂同立构聚合物 heterotactic polymer 又称"异规聚合物"。
高分子材料名词
高分子材料名词作者：来源：《中国科技术语》2010年第04期聚合物 polymer单体经聚合反应形成的、由许多以共价键相连接的重复单元组成的物质。
其分子量通常在以上。
高分子 macromolecule又称“大分子”。
在结构上由许多个实际或概念上的低分子量分子结构作为重复单元组成的高分子量分子。
其分子量通常在以上。
低聚物 oligomer曾称“齐聚物”。
通常指平均分子量低于的聚合物。
天然高分子 natural macromolecule由自然界产生的高分子的总称。
无机高分子 inorganic macromolecule主链由非碳元素构成的高分子物质。
金属有机高分子 organometallic macromolecule结构单元中含有金属或亚金属原子的高分子物质。
元素有机高分子element macromolecule又称“元素高分子”。
分子主链由碳、氧、氮、硫等以外的原子组成并连接有机基团的高分子物质。
碳链聚合物 carbon chain polymer主链完全由碳原子组成的链型聚合物。
杂链聚合物heterochain polymer主链中除了碳原子外,还有氧、氮、硫等杂原子的链型聚合物。
杂环聚合物 heterocyclic polymer聚合物链的重复单元中含有杂原子环的聚合物。
烯类聚合物 vinyl polymer由乙烯基单体加成聚合而得的聚合物。
手性聚合物chiral polymer又称“光活性聚合物”。
主链上带有镜面不对称碳原子、含有不同数量的D或L型不对称结构或整个聚合物由于庞大侧基的体积效应而使其呈单向螺旋构型且具有手性特征的聚合物。
光敏聚合物 photosensitive polymer对光敏感、受光的作用其结构或性质会产生某种显著变化的聚合物。
配位聚合物 coordination polymer结构重复单元含有金属离子配位键的聚合物。
预聚物 prepolymer带有反应性基团的低聚物。
高分子材料专业英语课文翻译
A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
聚合物(polymer)的基础知识
聚合物(polymer)的基础知识聚合物(polymer)，又可称为高分子或巨分子(macromolecules)，也是一般所俗称的[塑料](plastics)或树脂(resin)。
聚合物是由许多较小而结构简单的小分子(monomer)，藉共价键来组合而成的。
聚合物的种类繁多，一般若是以对热之变化来分类，它可以分为两大类︰一、热固性塑料(Thermoset plastics)︰指的是加热后，会使分子构造结合成网状型态，一但结合成网状聚合体，即使再加热也不会软化，显示出所谓的[非可逆变化]，是分子构造发生变化(化学变化)所致。
二、热塑性塑料(Thermo plastics)︰指加热后会熔化，可流动至模具冷却后成型，再加热后又会熔化的塑料，即可运用加热及冷却，使其产生[可逆变化](液态←→固态)，是所谓的物理变化。
热塑性塑料又可再区分为泛用塑料、泛用工程塑料、高性能工程塑料等三类。
PE属于结晶性的聚合体，结晶对塑料的影响：1.主要是尺寸不能固定，用射出成型的较少，很难做精密零件。
PP有二次结晶的问题食用塑料必须加入抗氧化剂，因氧气透过材质影响产品品质，所以用防腐剂抗氧化。
高压阀压出来的是低密度乙烯，低压阀压出来的是高密度乙烯。
MPS+PC+PBT做汽车保险杠结构式： -[-CH2-CH2-]-n英文名称:Polyethylene比重:0.94-0.96克/立方厘米成型收缩率:1.5-3.6% 成型温度：140-220℃聚乙烯是最结构简单的高分子。
它是由重复的–CH2–单元连接而成的。
聚乙烯是通过乙烯（CH2=CH2 ）的加成聚合而成的。
聚乙烯在薄膜状态下可以被认为是透明的，但是在块状存在的时候由于其内部存在大量的晶体，会发生强烈的光散射而不透明。
鉴别：用牙咬，无异味，软；用火烧，味同蜡烛。
PE特性聚乙烯无臭，无毒，手感似蜡，绝缘性好，密封性较好，透明，软，不耐高温。
具有优良的耐低温性能(最低使用温度可达-70～-100℃)，化学稳定性好，盛装物不变色，化学药剂很难清洗。
聚合物化学翻译_第一章-推荐下载
BASIC CONCEPTSA polymer is a large molecule built up from numerous smaller molecules. These large molecules may be linear, slightly branched, or highly interconnected. In the latter case the structure develops into a large three-dimensional network.聚合物是由数目众多的较小分子构造而成的一种大分子。
这些大分子可以是线型的、简单的支链型的、或者是高度相互交联的。
后者的结构发展成一种三维网状结构。
The small molecules used as the basic building blocks for these large molecules are known as monomers. For example the commercially important material poly(vinyl chloried) is made from the monomer vinyl chloride. The repeat unit in the polymer usually corresponds to the monomer from which the polymer was made. 构成大分子中基本单元的小分子被称为单体。
例如，具有重要商业用途的聚氯乙烯是由氯乙烯单体制成的。
聚合物中的重复结构单元常常相当于制成聚合物的单体。
P1-2 There are exceptions to this, though. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is formally considered to be made up of vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH) repeat units but there is , in fact, no such monomer as vinyl clcohol.虽然也有例外。
名词解释高分子
1832年： Berzelius（Swedish Chemist）提出“Polymer”一词1838年： C.N.Goodyear 发明天然橡胶硫化的方法1907年：比利时人L.Backeland 合成酚醛树脂，首次人工合成1920年：H.Staudinger首次提出共价键联结的大分子概念高分子(polymer)：具有高的相对分子量，其结构必须是由多个重复单元所组成，并且这些重复单元实际上或概念上是由相应的小分子衍生而来。
高分子化合物：或称聚合物，是由许多单个高分子组成的物质。
单体(monomer)：可进行聚合反应，并构成高分子基本结构组成单元的小分子。
结构单元(structural unit)：构成高分子主链结构一部分的单个原子或原子团，可包含一个或多个链单元。
重复单元(repeating unit)：重复组成高分子分子结构的最小的结构单元单体单元(monomer unit)：聚合物分子结构中由单个单体分子生成的最大的结构单元聚合度(degree of polymerization)：单个聚合物分子（或链段）所含单体单元的数目。
全同立构高分子(isotactic polymer)：主链上的C*的立体构型全部为D型或L 型。
间同立构高分子(syndiotactic polymer )：主链上的C*的立体构型各不相同, 即D型与L型相间连接。
无规立构高分子(atactic polymer)：主链上的C*的立体构型紊乱无规则连接。
遥爪高分子(telechelic polymer)：含有反应性末端基团、能进一步聚合的高分子。
均聚物(homopolymer)：由一种（真实的、隐含的或假设的）单体聚合而成的聚合物。
共聚物(copolymer)：由一种以上单体聚合而成的聚合物。
生成共聚物的聚合反应称为共聚反应。
逐步聚合反应(step-growth polymerization)是指在反应过程中，聚合物链是由体系中所有聚合度分子之间通过缩合或加成反应生成的。
专业英语polymer
Functionality in unsaturated systems
1. Unsaturated molecules are those that contain a carbon – carbon double bond, i.e. C=C. 2. This group is one functional group, but has a functionality of 2. 3. During addition polymerisation, the double bond opens and two reactive centres are formed. Hence, the functionality of a double bond is 2.
material must contain at least 2 functional groups.
We say the functionality of the monomer is 2.
13
Functionality
If the molecules that are reacting together have 1
What is functional group?
Functionality
In order for the reaction to take place, the starting
material(s) must contain functional groups.
In order for polymerisation to occur, the starting
In addition polymerization, unsaturated or cyclic molecules add to each other without elimination of any portion of the monomer molecule. The empirical formula of the polymer is then, of course, the same as that of the monomer.
化学专业英语-Polymer
2 Synthesis
2.1 Step-growth polymerization
（逐步聚合）
Step-growth polymerization, which is often also called condensation polymerization（缩聚） since it is 缩聚） almost exclusively concerned with condensation reaction taking place between multifunctional monomer molecules.
number of groups that have reacted number of groups present initially
The number average degr given by
xn =
x n，
number of molecules present initially number of molecules remaining after time
2.1.4 Linear step-growth polymerization system
Ester interchange reaction Salt dehydration Ring-opening polymerization
2.1.5 Non-linear step-growth polymerization system
Polymer Chemistry
Introduction to polymers Synthesis Structure and properties Characterization
1. Introduction to polymers
高分子英语专业名词翻译
05. 高分子化学05.1 高分子物质coiling type polymer05.2 聚合与高分子化学反应10 极性单体polar monomer11 非极性单体non polar monomer12 共轭单体conjugated monomer13 非共轭单体non conjugated monomer14 活化单体activated monomer15 官能单体functional monomer16 大分子单体macromer, macromonomer17 环状单体cyclic monomer18 共聚单体comonomer19 聚合［反应］polymerization20 均聚反应homopolymerization21低聚反应，齐聚反应(曾用名)oligomerization22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名)dead end polymerization44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合(曾用名)polyaddition102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization 107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization108缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation109酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization,ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization 115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物，charge transfer complex, CTC155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst 174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst 176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst 177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constant221 ①缓聚作用retardation②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics 230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation273 链断裂chain breaking274 解聚酶depolymerase275 细菌降解bacterial degradation276 生物降解biodegradation277 化学降解chemical degradation278 辐射降解radiation degradation05.3 高分子物理化学与高分子物理21自由连接链freely-jointed chain22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositionalheterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average 又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”111对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数Virial coefficient 曾用名“维里系数”123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscositynumber154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism 201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure222远程结构long-range structure223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization227后期结晶secondary crystallization228外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallization229外延晶体生长，附生晶epitaxial growth体生长230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相amorphous phase 曾用名“无定形相”245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilization260最低临界共溶(溶解)温lower critical solution temperature, LCST 度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 261最高临界共溶(溶解)温度262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy 266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性，弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking strength”295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation325裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”326银纹craze327形变；变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹，回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA 342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity 356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用] relaxation 又称“松弛”369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature392次级弛豫secondary relaxation393次级转变secondary transition05.4 高分子加工技术和应用。
POLYMER
专利名称：POLYMER发明人：SEIM, Marit,NILSEN, Jorunn,HELLAND, Irene,ERIKSSON, Virginie,VAHTERI,Markku,VÄÄNÄNEN, Marjo,GAROFF,Thomas,HÄTÖNEN, Jari,REKONEN,Petri,FREDRIKSEN, Siw, Bodil,NORD-VARHAUG, Katrin申请号：EP2008010359申请日：20081205公开号：WO09/071324P1公开日：20090611专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：A multimodal linear low density polyethylene polymer having a final density of 900 to 940 kg/m3, and containing at least one α-olefin comonomer in addition to ethylene comprising: (A) 30 to 60 wt% of a lower molecular weight component being an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and at least one α-olefin; and (B) 70 to 40 wt% of a higher molecular weight component being a copolymer of ethylene and at least one α-olefin, said α-olefin being the same or different from any α-olefin used in component (A) but with the proviso that both components (A) and (B) are not polymers of ethylene and butene alone; wherein the multimodal LLDPE has a dart drop of at least 700 g; and wherein components (A) and (B) are obtainable using a Ziegler-Natta catalyst.申请人：SEIM, Marit,NILSEN, Jorunn,HELLAND, Irene,ERIKSSON, Virginie,VAHTERI, Markku,VÄÄNÄNEN, Marjo,GAROFF, Thomas,HÄTÖNEN, Jari,REKONEN, Petri,FREDRIKSEN, Siw, Bodil,NORD-VARHAUG, Katrin地址：FI,NO,NO,NO,FI,FI,FI,FI,FI,FI,NO,NO 国籍：FI,NO,NO,NO,FI,FI,FI,FI,FI,FI,NO,NO 代理机构：DEHNS更多信息请下载全文后查看。