tobacco_companies_pdf
2009ExclusionaryScreeningListUCF
TOBACCO (Three year average percentage of revenue: 1%)S&P 500 CompaniesEntity_name TICKER SEDOL PERCENT Altria Group, Inc. MO 2692632 98.14301 Lorillard, Inc. LO B39GHT7 100.0000 Philip Morris International Inc. PM B2PKRQ3 100.0000 UST Inc. UST 2922544 100.0000 Reynolds American Inc RAI 2429090 100.0000 S&P 1500 CompaniesEntity_name TICKER SEDOL PERCENT Schweitzer-Mauduit International Inc. SWM 2782038 90.971 Alliance One International Inc AOI 2269865 100.0000 Universal Corp. UVV 2923804 100.0000 Other CompaniesEntity_name TICKER SEDOL PERCENT Philippine Tobacco Flue-Curing and Redrying Corp TFC 6687667 3.92717 T.S.L. TSL 6902962 5.26671 Hrvatski Duhani D.D. HRDH-R-A 7676523 17.75618 Grupo Carso S.A.B. de C.V. GPOVY 2393399 18.20602 TVORNICA DUHANA ZAGREB D.D. TDZ-R-A 5074787 18.31346 Shanghai Industrial Holdings Ltd SGHIY 2638926 24.32617 British American Tobacco del Peru Holdings SAA BATI1 2869447 41.44683 RDB INDUSTRIES LTD 526723 B03K6D1 52.68015 ITC Ltd. 500875 B0JGGP5 53.44289 Haci Omer Sabanci Holding A.S SAHOL B03N0C7 58.78194 Adris Grupa d.d. ADRS-P-A B1L6Z97 72.19505 PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk HMSP 6404242 88.97774 Japan Tobacco Inc 2914 6474535 89.8786 Godfrey Phillips India Ltd 500163 6374806 92.44246 Kothari Products Ltd 530299 6488406 93.85228 Swedish Match AB SWMA 5048566 94.94301 Tutunski Kombinat AD Prilep TKPR 95.00216 Pt Bentoel Internasional Investama Tbk RMBA 6214184 95.64819 KT&G Corp. (Formerly Korea Tobacco & Ginseng) 033780 6175076 96.12913 Compania Chilena de Tabacos S.A. CCT CCT 2299378 99.95934 Raghunath International Ltd 526813 B03F4W1 99.99975 Jerusalem Cigarette Co Ltd JCC B1L3T29 99.99998 Cigarette Factory Plovdiv AD (formerly Plovdiv BT) 4CV B04HPH8 99.99999 Duvanska Industrija Vranje DIVR B3BB0K2 99.99999 Sofia-BT 3JU 7410334 99.99999 WEST INDIAN TOBACCO COMPANY LTD WCO 2957784 99.99999 Al-Eqbal Company for Investment plc ITCC 6460385 100.00000 Bangladesh Leaf Tobacco Co Ltd BLTC 6102137 100.00000 Blagoevgrad-BT AD 55B 5643723 100.00000 British American Tobacco Bangladesh Co Ltd BATBC 6077859 100.00000British American Tobacco Bhd. (formerly Rothmans ofPall Mal BAT 6752349 100.00000 British American Tobacco Kenya Ltd BATK 6069287 100.00000 British American Tobacco PLC BTI 2290791 100.00000 British American Tobacco Zimbabwe Ltd BAT 6344951 100.00000 Bulgartabac Holding AD 57B 5372511 100.00000 Ceylon Tobacco Co. Ltd CTC 6186904 100.00000 Compania Colombiana de Tabaco (Coltabaco) COLTABAC 2207122 100.00000 Eastern Company EAST 6298177 100.00000 Fabrika Duhana Sarajevo d.d. FDSSR 100.00000 Golden Tobacco Ltd 500151 6302357 100.00000 Imperial Tobacco Group Plc ITYBY 2478382 100.00000 Jordan Tobacco and Cigarettes TBCO B059W50 100.00000 JT International Bhd (frm.RJ Reynolds Berhad) JTINTER 6479994 100.00000 Karelia Tobacco Company Inc KARE 4483599 100.00000 Khyber Tobacco Co Ltd KHTC 6486637 100.00000 Lakson Tobacco Ltd LAKST 6512929 100.00000 Nikotiana-BT Holding AD 6N2 B03M002 100.00000 Pakistan Tobacco Co Ltd PAKT 6668305 100.00000 Philip Morris CR A.S (formerly Tabak A.S.) BAATABAK 4874546 100.00000 PT BAT Indonesia Tbk BATI 6087074 100.00000 RTCL Limited 531552 B03K6F3 100.00000 Societe Ivoirienne des Tabacs (SITAB) STBC 6823319 100.00000 Souza Cruz S.A CRUZ3 2832148 100.00000 Star Scientific Inc STSI 2535663 100.00000 Tanzania Cigarette Company Ltd TCC 6873659 100.00000 UNION TOBACCO & CIGARETTE INDUSTRIES CO UTOB 6923264 100.00000 Vector Group Ltd. VGR 2515803 100.00000 VST INDUSTRIES LTD 509966 6930338 100.00000ALCOHOL (Three year average percentage of revenue: 10%)S&P 500 CompaniesEntity_name TICKER SEDOL ALC008 Fortune Brands, Inc. FO 2024774 28.73822 Brown-Forman Corp. BF 2146838 94.00906 Molson Coors Brewing Co TAP B067BM3 99.61710 Constellation Brands, Inc. STZ 2170473 99.99999 S&P 1500 CompaniesEntity_name TICKER SEDOL ALC008 The Boston Beer Company, Inc. SAM 2113393 100.00000 Other CompaniesEntity_name TICKER SEDOL ALC008 Sichuan Jinlu Group Co., Ltd. 000510 6780351 11.58464 Central Azucarera de Tarlac CAT 6182991 11.73824 Telling Telecommunication Holding Co Ltd 000829 6081816 11.92250 China Resources Enterprises, Ltd. CRHKY 2178541 15.79861 BJS Restaurants Inc BJRI 2200552 16.68902 Christian Dior CDI 4061393 17.91441 Lvmh Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton LVMUY 2165747 19.28987 Big Buck Brewery & Steakhouse, Inc. BBUCQ 2983165 20.17200 Marston's plc MARS B1JQDM8 23.48569 Fuller Smith & Turner PLC FSTA B1YPC34 25.05313 MGP Ingredients Inc. MGPI 2590703 26.30193 Fomento Economico Mexicano S.A.B. de C.V. (Femsa) FMX 2246039 28.44908 San Miguel Corporation SMGBY 2774682 29.67118 Granite City Food & Brewery Ltd. GCFB 2546278 31.57945 CFI-Compagnie Fonciere Internationale CFI 5738715 34.00000 Cristalerias De Chile S.A. CRISTALE 2232890 34.53631 Shandong Hiking International Co., Ltd. 600735 6801423 35.65783 CARSON CUMBERBATCH & CO LTD CARS 6176789 40.10885 Eumundi Group Ltd. EBG 6308623 41.59983 Tempo Beer Industries Ltd. TMPO 6882581 41.99234 Punch Taverns PLC PUB 3155286 48.99696 Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd. KNBWY 2981965 49.15158 Scheid Vineyards Inc. SVIN B153174 49.41048 STINAG Stuttgart Invest AG (formerly SHB StuttgarterInvest AG) STG 5726721 52.23643 Eichhof Holding AG EIN 5454077 54.89140 Beijing Enterprises Holdings 00392 6081690 56.61720 PungKuk Alcohol Industry Co. Ltd. 023900 6594068 58.53565 Lascelles deMercado & Co Ltd LAS 2505989 61.39647 ANGOSTURA HLDGS LTD AHL 2032915 62.48856 Schlumberger AG SLBS 4779555 64.40611 Daniel Thwaites plc THW 0891077 65.35738Pyramid Breweries Inc. PMID 2437082 65.74639 Carlsberg Brewery (M) Bhd. CARLSBG B09FGC9 66.61009 Plantaze a.d. Podgorica PLAP 66.89909 Florida Ice and Farm Co. SA FIFCO 67.68293 Compania Cervecerias Unidas S.A. CCU 2217596 68.00175 C&C Group PLC GCC B011Y09 68.27886 MURREE BREWERY LTD MUREB 6611235 68.52839 Asahi Breweries Ltd. 2502 6054409 70.90015 KEO plc (formerly KEO Ltd) KEO 4723585 71.47462 ETW Corporation Ltd. (formerly Evans & Tate Ltd) ETW 6199311 71.81631 Anadolu Efes AEBZY 4160836 72.12467 Sapporo Holdings Ltd. (formerly Sapporo Breweries) 2501 6776907 74.19702 Hebei Hengshui Laobaigan Liquor Co., Ltd. (formerlyHebei Yufeng Industry) 600559 6553821 75.83294 Olvi OYJ OLVAS 4622165 76.31521 ANYKSCIU VYNAS AB, ANYKSCIAI ANK1L 5148284 77.00572 Gansu Huangtai Wine-Marketing Industry Co Ltd 000995 6275761 77.07609 Mercian Corp. 2536 6776004 77.23091 Brasseries du Nord Marocain (Branoma) BNM 6120311 77.25399 Carlsberg CARL.B 4169219 77.76136 Prince Hill Wines Ltd PHW 6929701 79.40630 Allgaeuer Brauhaus ALB 4017686 80.39372 Société Anonyme Société Commerciale de BrasserieCo.Br.Ha. COBH 4400907 80.86025 Anhui Gujing Distillery Co. 200596 6026691 80.97207 San Miguel Brewery HK Ltd 00236 6773179 81.50520 Hite Holdings Co. Ltd 000140 6193573 81.82450 Sechaba Breweries Ltd (Formerly Sechaba Investment) SECHBT 6791502 82.40122 Heineken NV HINKY 2419176 82.58208 HARBOES BRYGGERI A/S HARB.B B0MTVL2 82.67956 Compania Vinicola del Norte de Espana CUN 5723670 83.95416 Brauerei Moninger AG BMO 5726710 84.17171 Takara Holdings Inc. 2531 6870382 84.23522 International Breweries PLC INTBREW 6226242 84.25874 DAVIDE CAMPARI-MILANO-S.p.a. Inc. CPR B08BR25 85.71847 Ambra S.A. AMB B0FBYX8 85.72514 Aktienbrauerei Kaufbeuren AG ABK 4731867 86.34046 Xinjiang Hops Co Ltd 600090 6012753 86.52642 SABMiller plc SBMRY 2399911 86.92388 Belvedere BVD 5182282 87.39538 Oenon Holdings Inc. (formerly Godo Shusei Co. Ltd.) 2533 6374301 87.40337 Laroche ALLAR B0YMVC0 88.31626 Xinjiang Yilite Industry Co Ltd 600197 6168935 89.56046 Grupo Modelo S.A.B. de C.V. GMODELO. 2380539 89.68033 Guangxia (Yinchuan) Industry Co., Ltd. 000557 6392897 90.67571 Lanzhou Huanghe Enterprise Co Ltd 000929 6156316 90.87218 Authorised Investment Fund Ltd AIY 6140427 90.99997 Corby Distilleries Ltd. CDL 2223708 91.32476 Anheuser-Busch InBev SA/NV ABI 4755317 91.80438Guinness Nigeria PLC GUINNESS 6398055 92.15578 Magnotta Winery Corp MGN 2556976 92.17413 JiuGuiJiu Co Ltd 000799 6012849 92.43772 Gubernija AB GUB1L B06BYC6 93.01609 Federico Paternina SA PAT 5536715 93.25012 DOM-Brauerei AG SBF 4845605 93.53130 Laurent Perrier LPE 5700952 93.89414 Vranken Pommery Monopole VRAP 5438435 94.10237 Ron Santa Teresa RST 2747093 94.72596 360 Global Wine Co TSIXQ B108F83 94.73238 Alita AB ALT1L 5521733 95.37572 Australian Wine Holdings Ltd. AWL 6315463 95.47609 Jinro Distillers Co Ltd 018120 6546597 95.60848 East African Breweries Ltd KNBL B04NN72 95.81056 Duvel Moortgat NV DUV 5704482 95.98357 Foster's Group Ltd. FBRWY 2359926 96.06046 Wuliangye Yibin Co. Ltd. 000858 6109901 96.25038 Vilniaus Degtine AB VDG1L 5311053 96.56969 LUZHOU LAO JIAO CO LTD 000568 6517485 96.58988 JOS INTERNATIONAL BREWERIES PLC JOSBREW 6226275 96.65290 Tuopai Yeast Liquor Co., Ltd. 600702 6814517 96.73837 Badel 1862 D.D. BD62-R-A 5020199 96.99850 Vinedos Emiliana SA (formerly BODEGAS Y VINEDOSSTA EMILIANA EMILIANA 2094841 97.05155 Craft Brewers Alliance Inc HOOK 2723350 97.14878 Kook Soon Dang Brewery 043650 6285920 97.31578 Vina Concha Y Toro S.A. VCO 2939469 97.34579 CBR Brewing Co. Inc. CBRAF 2290605 97.37711 Australian Vintage Ltd (formerly McGuigan Simeon WinesLtd) AVG 6130677 98.41158 Baltika Brewery PKBA 7211935 98.68979 Henri Maire MAIR 4420648 98.78872 Little World Beverages Ltd. LWB B0MKZM4 99.12414 Boizel Chanoine Champagne BOZ B188ZL8 99.15748 Einbecker Brauhaus AG HAK 5471526 99.16617 Radico Khaitan Ltd (formerly Abhishek Cements Ltd) 532497 B0VY3T0 99.32536 Central European Distribution Corporation CEDC 2286723 99.56689 Dynasty Fine Wines Group Ltd 00828 B05M185 99.83765 Asia Pacific Breweries APB 6556400 99.87207 Ceylon Brewery PLC BREW 6183358 99.96807 Russell Breweries Inc RB B1G6FP8 99.99122 OYSTER BAY MARLBOROUGH VINEYARDS LTD OBV 6714101 99.99540 Dromana Estate Ltd DMY 6327929 99.99991 International Wine Investment (The) IWI 6054302 99.99991 English Wines Group plc EWG 3270628 99.99992 Willamette Valley Vineyards Inc. WVVI 2653907 99.99998 Cottin Freres COTT 5604429 99.99999 Lion Brewery Ceylon Ltd. LION 6890937 99.99999 Accra Brewery Ltd ABL 6037983 100.0000African Distillers Ltd AFDIS 6009658 100.0000 0Andrew Peller Ltd ADW 2032647 100.0000 0Asconi Corp. ASCD 2659303 100.0000 0Atlantic Wine Agencies, Inc. AWIN 2449032 100.0000 0Bermas SA BRM 5600267 100.0000 0Big Rock Brewery Income Trust BRBMF B01JVS0 100.0000 0Blavod Extreme Spirits PLC BES 3016402 100.0000 0Bodegas Riojanas RIO 5340574 100.0000 0Boutaris & Son Holdings SA MPK 4115030 100.0000 0Brick Brewing Co. Ltd. BRB 2424114 100.0000 0CHALLENGER WINE TRUST (formerly CHALLENGERBESTON WINE TRUST CWT 6161912 100.0000 0Compania Industrial Cervecera S.A. CVZA 2200648 100.0000 0Cosentino Signature Wines plc MCOZ B0PFWS1 100.0000 0Delegat's Group Ltd. DGL B11LJF6 100.0000 0Diageo plc DEO 2144724 100.0000 0DISTELL GROUP LTD (EX DISTILLERS CORP SA LTD) DST 6271606 100.0000 0Frederick Brewing Co. FRBW B019C43 100.0000 0Golden Guinea Breweries GOLDBREW 6376891100.0000Guinness Anchor Bhd. GUINESS 6397803 100.0000 0Heineken Holding NV HEIO B0CCH46 100.0000 0Indage Vintners Ltd. 522059 B03HPY6 100.0000 0JEANJEAN SA JEAN 4434296 100.0000 0Kingway Brewery Holdings Limited (formerly GuangdongBrewery 00124 6018148 100.0000 0Latvijas Balzams BAL1R 5482261 100.0000 0Lombard et Medot MLCAC 5646971 100.0000 0Nigerian Breweries NB 6637286 100.0000 0Pernod Ricard RI 4682329 100.0000Remy Cointreau RCO 4741714 100.0000 0Shanxi Xinghuacun Fen Wine Factory Co., Ltd. 600809 6808361 100.0000 0Shaw Wallace & Co Limited 501379 6800691 100.0000 0Societe des Produits Marnier Lapostolle MALA B02SRX3 100.0000 0The New Zealand Wine Company Ltd. NWC 6713799 100.0000 0Trump Dragon Distillers Holdings Ltd TrumpDra B3D0FM4 100.0000 0Tsingtao Brewery Co TSGTY 2898162 100.0000 0United Spirits Limited (Formerly McDowell & CompanyLimited) 532432 6576992 100.0000 0GAMBLING (Three year average percentage of revenue: 10%)S&P 500Entity_name TICKER SEDOL PERCENT Wynn Resorts Ltd WYNN 2963811 49.73432 S&P 1500Entity_name TICKER SEDOL PERCENT Monarch Casino & Resort, Inc. MCRI 2599197 56.07382 Boyd Gaming Corp. BYD 2117232 74.48084 Pinnacle Entertainment, Inc. PNK 2432225 84.96834 Scientific Games Corporation SGMS 2919290 90.3307 Multimedia Games, Inc. MGAM 2900852 99.56151 Shuffle Master, Inc. SHFL 2805980 99.93409 WMS Industries Inc. WMS 2931454 100 Other CompaniesEntity_name TICKER SEDOL PERCENT PIA CORP 4337 6430946 10 Maxxam Inc. MXM 2547271 12.66784 Resorts World Bhd RESORTS B1VXKN7 19.65013 Eumundi Group Ltd. EBG 6308623 20.77438 Newmarket Investments PLC NWN 0128850 21.90519 Berjaya Land Bhd. BJLAND B0RY9Y1 22 InQBate Corp INQB B1FSDW8 25.59308 Media Corporation plc MDC 0052830 26.17796 Tanjong Public Limited Company TNJ 0872232 29.56139 Firich Enterprises Co. Ltd. 8076 6714781 30.87063 Icahn Enterprises LP IEP 2023975 38.51818 Sociedad Hipodromo Chile S.A. HIPODROM 2428558 39.99998 GungHo Online Entertainment Inc 3765 B064D84 40 Societe fermiere du casino municipal de Cannes FCMC 4178408 42.80135 MGM MIRAGE MGM 2547419 44.15311 Olympia Industries Bhd OLYMPIA B1V74R1 46.89163 Archon Corporation ARHN 2771070 46.89794 Riviera Holdings Corp. RIV 2083151 48.37086 Sceptre Leisure PLC SCEL B3BNQD3 51.00002 Transact Technologies, Inc. TACT 2893974 51.60353 Elixir Gaming Technologies, Inc. EGT 2664589 53.28632 Las Vegas Sands Corp LVS B02T2J7 55.28493 LASSETERS INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS LTD Lasseter B0149C5 56.18287 SOCIETE ANONYME DES BAINS DE MER ET DUCERCLE DES ETRANGERS A MONACO (S.B.M.) BAIN 4184706 59.80425 Skycity Entertainment Group SKC 6823193 59.94792 Mid-State Raceway, Inc. MRWY B019F00 61.07989 Littlefield Corp. LTFD 2042721 61.45778 WPT Enterprises, Inc. WPTE B016DD0 62.3731 Elsinore Corp. ELSO 2038399 64.55267Manila Jockey Club, Inc. (MJC) MJC 6562322 65.15072 Boldt S.A. BOLT 2092254 65.61714 The Rank Group plc RNK B1L5QH9 68.60161 Lottomatica SPA LTO B0V3WR8 68.99002 BGI Inc BGII 2703051 71.11445 Alphameric PLC ALM 0022189 72.08019 Sun International Ltd ( formerly Kersaf Investments Ltd.) SUI B0KS490 72.39973 Century Legend Holdings Ltd (Formerly Fortei Holdings) 00079 B1GHRM2 74.45429 Parlay Entertainment Inc. PRYNF 2402938 74.6002 , Ltd BNGOF 2407740 74.63783 MI Developments Inc MIM 2984920 76.39039 Wells-Gardner Electronics Corp. WGA 2947741 77.39338 Trump Entertainment Resorts Inc TRMP B08F5H8 79.78857 Florida Gaming Corp. FGMG 2307505 80.24518 Groupe Partouche PARP 7722006 80.95292 Progressive Gaming International Inc PGIC 2608220 81.03892 Mirada plc MIRA B29WFV6 81.19256 MTR Gaming Group, Inc. MNTG 2972679 81.27941 ESTORIL SOL ESO 4310363 81.9813 Ameristar Casinos, Inc. ASCA 2041717 83.4729 Canterbury Park Holding Corp. CPHC 2586865 83.59996 Magna Entertainment Corp. MECA 2555724 83.81417 Concorde Gaming Corp CGAM B019JQ4 83.8528 JAXX AG FXXN 5779918 83.9312 Full House Resorts, Inc. FLL 2357566 84.23644 Churchill Downs, Inc. CHDN 2194105 84.27212 Crown Ltd CWN B29LCJ0 85 SEGA SAMMY HOLDINGS INC. SGAMY B034DM1 85.00691 Empire Resorts, Inc. NYNY 2771757 86.81683 Century Casinos, Inc. CNTY 2022239 87.09558 Gaming Partners International Corp. GPIC 2694694 87.56311 Nevada Gold & Casinos, Inc. UWN 2421137 88.54287 Penn National Gaming, Inc. PENN 2682105 89.25291 Equus Gaming Co., L.P. EQUUS 2316749 90.10612 Dover Downs Gaming & Entertainment, Inc DDE 2857486 90.32359 Philippine Racing Club PRC 6687560 91.53422 Interactive Systems Worldwide, Inc. ISWI 2475435 91.62539 bwin Interactive Entertainment BWIN 5934999 91.87858 PHUMELELA GAMING & LEISURE LTD PHM 6528551 93.53699 Olympic Entertainment Group AS OEG1T B1FXQQ8 93.75651 Great Canadian Gaming Corporation GC 2380573 93.83897 360 Holding AB 360H B04QJ95 94.9995 Southwest Casino Corp. SWCC B01D6J8 96.45092 Melco Crown Entertainment Ltd. MPEL B1KYHF2 97.24104 Trans World Corporation TWOC B00N2H9 97.83058 Win Gaming Media, Inc. WGMI 2159148 97.91769 Paradise Co. 034230 6560939 98.21073 Sankyo Co. Ltd. (OTC) 6417 6775432 98.46523Tabcorp Holdings Ltd. TABCY 2424857 98.59153 Global Casinos, Inc. GBCS 2420424 99.00416 NagaCorp Ltd. 03918 B1FSSM3 99.04816 , Inc. UBET 2988193 99.15432 Chartwell Technology Inc. CWH 2203584 99.71997 Berjaya Sports Toto Bhd. BJTOTO 6331566 99.81827 Las Vegas From Entertainment Inc. LVH 2092492 99.97284 Fortunet Inc FNET B0VLM72 99.97692 888 Holdings PLC 888 B0L4LM9 99.98201 Call Now, Inc. CLNW 2868198 99.98696 Lasseters Corporation Ltd. LAS 6246433 99.99997 World Gaming PLC WGMGY 2762847 99.99998 GameTech International, Inc GMTC 2128568 99.99999 Gaming VC Holdings SA GVC B04ZR32 99.99999American Wagering, Inc. BETM 2418173 100.0000AngelCiti Entertainment, Inc. AGCI B02P9N8 100.0000Arena Leisure plc ARE 0021926 100.0000Aristocrat Leisure Ltd. ALL 6253983 100.0000Automatic Systems Ltd ASL 6060008 100.0000Bally Technologies, Inc BYI 2380818 100.0000 AG (frmly ARTUS CAPITAL AG) ACX B05GS53 100.0000CODERE S.A CDR B28HQR5 100.0000CryptoLogic Ltd (formerly CryptoLogic Inc) CRYP B1YBYN6 100.0000Dreamgate Corporation Berhad DGATE 6731036 100.0000Ebet Ltd EBT 6169411 100.0000Escor Casinos & Entertainment SA (frmly Escor AG) ESRI 4411244 100.0000Global Cash Acces Holdings, Inc GCA B0LFXJ3 100.0000IG Group Holdings PLC IGG B06QFB7 100.0000Innovative Gaming Corporation of America IGCA 2983466 100.0000Inspired Gaming Group PLC INGG B155L69 100.0000Intralot SA Integrated Lottery (formerly Intralot SA) INLOT 5799284 100.0000Ladbrokes plc LDBKY B12WJW5 100.0000Leisure & Resorts World Corporation LR 6185600 100.0000LOTTERY & WAGERING SOLUTIONS INC. LWSL 2802873 100.0000Odyssey Gaming Ltd ODG 6170695 100.0000OPAP (Greek Organisation of Football Prognostics SA) OPAP 7107250 100.0000Paddy Power (frmrly. POWER LEISURE) PAP 0258810 100.0000PartyGaming PLC PRTY B0B3SV4 100.0000Playtech Ltd PTEC B0ZC743 100.0000Royal Highgate Ltd ROY 7168859 100.0000Sea Star Capital PLC (formerly Megabet Ltd) SEAS 7092118 100.0000SJM Holdings Ltd 00880 B2NR3Y6 100.0000Snai Spa (Formerly Trenno Spa ) SNA 4902469 100.0000Sportech plc SPO B28ZPV6 100.0000Sportingbet PLC SBT 0951625 100.0000Table Trac Inc TBTC 2738581 100.0000Thunderbird Resorts Inc. BIRD.U B03CSH5 100.0000Tipp24 AG TIM B0LNHP1 100.0000Webis Holdings PLC (formerly plc) WEB 0412627 100.0000WILLIAM HILL PLC WMH 3169889 100.0000WinWin Gaming Inc WNWN 2276274 100.0000MILITARY CONTRACTS: WEAPONS (Three year average percentage of revenue: 10%) S&P 500 CompaniesEntity_name TICKER SEDOL PERCENT United Technologies Corp. UTX 2915500 10.613L-3 Communications Holdings, Inc. LLL 2247366 10.766 Rockwell Collins, Inc. COL 2767228 15.662 ITT Corp. ITT 2465760 18.986 Textron Inc. TXT 2885937 19.109 General Dynamics Corp. GD 2365161 32.003 The Boeing Co. BA 2108601 33.226 Northrop Grumman Corp. NOC 2648806 34.08 Raytheon Co. RTN 2758051 37.217 Lockheed Martin Corp. LMT 2522096 59.472S&P 1500 CompaniesEntity_name TICKER SEDOL PERCENT Gencorp Inc. GY 2366959 10.323 Teledyne Technologies, Inc. TDY 2503477 10.368 Comtech Telecommunications Corp. CMTL 2215341 11.136 FLIR Systems, Inc. FLIR 2344717 17.652 ViaSat, Inc. VSAT 2946243 23.79 Integral Systems, Inc. ISYS 2321141 25.83 Alliant Techsystems Inc. ATK 2017677 36.024 National Presto Industries, Inc. NPK 2626802 44.081 Other CompaniesEntity_name TICKER SEDOL PERCENT Kratos Defense & Security Solutions Inc. KTOS 2512149 11.021 Aerosonic Corporation AIM 2008778 11.978 ARGON ST Inc STST B032R78 12.429 Hi-Shear Technology Corp. HSR 2424556 12.536 Northstar Aerospace Inc. NAS 2264859 14.313 Allied Defense Group, Inc. ADG 2020396 14.359 UQM Technologies, Inc. UQM 2891246 15.626 Valentec Systems Inc VSYN 2586412 15.875 Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. APNT 2762234 16.298 Universal Display Corp. PANL 2277880 16.873 BAE Systems plc BAESY 2307152 17.853 Quality Products, Inc. QPDC 2717717 19.172 Todd Shipyards Corp. TOD 2895408 19.41 Beacon Power Corporation BCON 2677941 19.501 Air T, Inc. AIRT 2446668 19.869 Breeze-Eastern Corp. BZC 2902751 19.883 LUNA Innovations Inc LUNA B142B50 21.094 Mikros Systems Corp. MKRS 2561594 21.73 Xenonics Holdings, Inc. XNN 2924283 24065 Oakridge Holdings, Inc. OKRG B019FR7 24.562 JMAR Technologies, Inc. JMAR 2160388 25.354 Envirokare Tech Inc ENVK 2485326 28.252 McDermott International, Inc. MDR 2550310 30.581 Entegris, Inc ENTG 2599700 40.000SpaceDev, Inc. SPDV 40.002 Digital Fusion Inc. DIGF 2249306 47.309 Irvine Sensors Corp. IRSN 2801160 61.99 AeroVironment, Inc. AVAV B1P5YY8 63.956 CPI Aerostructures, Inc. CVU 2431318 68.784 Logistical Support, Inc. LGSL 2260374 78.522 Force Protection, Inc. FRPT B064LH9 85.078 Intelli-Check - Mobilisa, Inc. IDN 2517887 89.394 NUCLEAR WEAPONS (Three year average percentage of revenue: 5%) •According to ISS’ Portfolio$creener, no companies met this criteria at this time.。
2013年12月大学英语四级听力模拟试卷及答案（4）
Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A ], [ B], [C] and [ D ], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. [A] At the dentist’s. [B] At a grocery. [C] At a lawyer’s. [D] At a psychiatrist’s. 12. [A] Purchase some ingredients. [B] Give the man a recipe. [C] Write down the directions to the supermarket. [D] Check to see if the stew is ready. 13. [A] She doesn’t like to watch basketball. [B] She would like the man to accompany her to the game. [C] She doesn’t have a television. [D] She’ll sell the man her ticket. 14. [A] He failed to finish the experiment that day. [B] He hasn’t had time to do the experiment. [C] He did only part of the experiment. [D] The experiment turned out well. 15. [A] The man is a football fan. [B] The man needs the woman’s help. [C] The man didn’t watch TV last night. [D] The man often has power failure at home. 16. [A] An art museum. [B] A beautiful park. [C] A college campus. [D] An architecture exhibition. 17. [A] Mike should have arrived at 8:00. [B] Mike will arrive at 8:30. [C] Mike is usually punctual. [D] Mike is not very punctual. 18. [A] Airplane. [B] Bus. [C] Subway. [D] Car. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. [A] Tobacco advertisement. [B] Tobacco companies. [C] Smoking men. [D] Smoking women. 20. [A] 14,000. [B] 15,000. [C] 140,000. [D] 1,400,000. 21. [A] A light cigarette contains low nicotine. [B] Smoking a light cigarette is different from smoking a regular one. [C] Women who smoke light cigarettes want to get higher levels of nicotine. [D] Tobacco companies advertise cigarettes as "light" to obscure smoking risks. 22. [A] Macho or cool expression. [B] Social and culture events. [C] Sports and entertainment. [D] Social and political issues. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. [A] By train and by car. [B] By plane and by coach. [C] By train and by bus. [D] By bus and by plane. 24. [A] Short hair. [B] Glasses. [C] Moustache. [D] Beard. 25. [A] In the third room on the right. [B] In the Common Room. [C] In a room at this end. [D] In Room 501. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [ A], [ B ],[C]and [D ]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
研究生英语阅读教程课后翻译-李光立7-12
Lesson 71．Big surprise, I thought, tossing the balled-up clipping over my shoulder. That's up there with “money eases stress", “liars make good writers” and …philanderers make even better liars".我认为这个结论太让人吃惊了，然后就把报告团成一团扔在脑后了。
以前还有人说：”金钱可以缓解紧张情绪“，”说谎的人能成为好作家“以及”爱情不专一的男人更会说谎。
“2. Last year, she sadly got her wish, far too soon, living just over half as long as the woman who bore her.可是这一天来得太快了。
去年她就不幸实现了自己的愿望。
她去世时的岁数只有外婆的一半多一点儿。
3. His main character, Enid Lambert, suffers from a depression that acts as a kind of invisible force field, unconsciously repelling everyone away from her fragile core. Enid complains and sulks, manipulates and cajoles, in order to assuage her fundamental dissatisfaction.他小说中的主人公艾妮德·兰伯特所患的抑郁症形成了一个看不见的气场，潜意识中她不准任何人接触那颗脆弱的心灵。
艾妮德抱怨、生气、利用别人，并以甜言蜜语来哄骗别人，为的就是缓解自己的不满。
4. She remains intact because her depression protects her from ever truly suffering, the way those around her must. What doesn't kill you, it seems, moves on to more stubborn quarry.她能完好无损地活下来，就是因为她的抑郁症保护了她不至经受真正的痛苦，而这种痛苦则是她周围的人所必须承受的。
中国烟草简介介绍英语作文
As a high school student with a keen interest in global industries, Ive always been fascinated by the multifaceted nature of the tobacco industry. China, being the largest producer and consumer of tobacco in the world, has a unique position in this sector. In this essay, I will provide an overview of the Chinese tobacco industry, its history, and its current status.The Chinese tobacco industry has a long and storied history, dating back to the early 20th century. It was during this time that tobacco began to be cultivated on a large scale in the country. The industry really took off in the 1950s, with the establishment of the China National Tobacco Corporation CNTC, which is a stateowned enterprise responsible for the production, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products within China.One of the most striking aspects of the Chinese tobacco industry is its sheer size. China produces more than 40% of the worlds tobacco, and it is estimated that around 300 million Chinese adults smoke. This massive market has led to the growth of numerous domestic tobacco companies, with the CNTC being the largest among them. The CNTC operates a vast network of factories and distribution centers across the country, ensuring that its products are available in every corner of China.The Chinese government plays a significant role in the tobacco industry, both as a regulator and as a participant. The state imposes strict controls on the production and sale of tobacco products, and it also collects substantial taxes on these products. In fact, the tobacco industry is one of the largest sources of tax revenue for the Chinese government, contributing billions of dollars annually.Despite the economic benefits, the Chinese tobacco industry also faces significant challenges. One of the most pressing issues is the public health crisis caused by smoking. According to the World Health Organization, smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in China, and it is estimated that over a million people die each year from smokingrelated diseases. In response to this, the Chinese government has implemented a range of measures to reduce smoking rates, including public awareness campaigns, restrictions on tobacco advertising, and the introduction of graphic health warnings on cigarette packs.Another challenge facing the Chinese tobacco industry is the increasing international pressure to reduce tobacco consumption. Many countries have adopted strict regulations on tobacco products, and there is a growing global movement to phase out tobacco use altogether. This has led to a decline in demand for tobacco products in some markets, which could potentially impact the Chinese industry in the long term.Despite these challenges, the Chinese tobacco industry remains a formidable force in the global market. Its deeprooted cultural significance, combined with the governments support and the vast domestic market, ensures that it will continue to play a crucial role in the world of tobacco for the foreseeable future.In conclusion, the Chinese tobacco industry is a complex and multifaceted entity, with a rich history and a significant impact on the global market. While it faces challenges related to public health and internationalpressure, its resilience and adaptability have allowed it to remain a dominant player in the industry. As a high school student, I find the intricacies of this industry both fascinating and thoughtprovoking, and I look forward to seeing how it evolves in the coming years.。
新视野大学英语读写教程第二册（第二版）Pre-reading听力原文
新视野大学英语读写教程第二册（第二版）Pre-reading听力原文Unit 1 第一单元SECTION A Pre-reading ActivitiesTime is the same in all places, but people’s relationship with time is different from country to country. In the United States, time is a real, precious resource, and every minute counts. People here are always in a rush and under pressure. There are no short conversations or small exchanges with strangers because people think it is a waste of time. Does this sound like your country? If it does not, and if you don’t think you would like such a place, you would most likely be unhappy in the United States, where doing things quickly is seen as a skill.1. Time.2. Short conversations or small exchanges with strangers.3. (Open-ended.)Unit 2 第二单元SECTION A Pre-reading ActivitiesWhen I think back about the many people who have influenced me during my life, I often think of one person who showed his passion through his commitment to my success. I think of my coach, the man who taught and inspired me not only how to run the mile as fast as I could, but also how to work at something a little every day until greatness is achieved. Through his continuous efforts, I gradually came to an understanding of the meaning of commitment, which is really what love is all about.1. Her coach.2. How to run the mile as fast as she could and how to work at something a little every day until greatness is achieved.3. (Open-ended.)Unit 3 第三单元SECTION A Pre-reading ActivitiesGail and Mark were from different cultural and racial background. They had been together for two years and had learned to understand and respect each other. Recently they decided to marry and they told the news to Gail’s parents. To their surprise, they met with some resistance. Gail’s mother was worried that they might be ma rrying for the wrong reasons and advised her daughter to wait. Gail’s father also opposed the marriage because he thought that Mark was marrying his daughter so that he could remain in the United States. Such concerns are understandable. After all, marriage across nations may have its problem of one kind or another.1. Gail’s mother was worried that they might be marrying for the wrong reason.2. Mark wanted to marry Gail so that he could remain in the United States.3. (Open-ended.)Unit 4 第四单元SECTION A Pre-reading ActivitiesI wrote a story about love, and I hope you like it. The story is about a young soldier who is waiting to see a woman he has fallen in love with. I suppose it’s a lot like my other stories in that it has a happy ending. Y ou might laugh at me for writing stories that are so sweet. But, you see, I am a deep believer in love, and I am hopeful about everyone finding it. Without love, I really don’t know what the purpose of living would be.4. He is waiting to see a woman he has fallen in love with.5. A happy ending.6. (Open-ended.)Unit 5第五单元SECTION A Pre-reading ActivitiesToday, I want to talk about the historic opportunity we now have to protect our children from an even more deadly threat: smoking. Smoking kills more people every day than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, murders, drugs and fires combined. Nearly 90% percent of those smokers lit their first cigarette before they turned 18. In the past few years we’ve worked to stop our children from smoking before they start, to red uce their access to tobacco products, andto restrict tobacco companies from advertising to young people. If we do these, we’ll cut teen smoking by almost half over the next five years.1. Before they turned 18.2. To reduce children’s access to tobacco pr oducts, and to restrict tobacco companies from advertising to your people.3. ( Open-ended)自由作答，陈述各自的观点.Unit 6 第六单元SECTION A Pre-reading ActivitiesPre-reading ActivitiesThere are various reasons for our final decision on what name to give to a baby. For some it may simply because they come across a name that they feel is “it”. But for most people it may be a process of careful selection based on meaning, tradition, or parents’ wishes for their child. Whatever the naming method, a given name follow s the child throughout his or her life.How can parents decide on a name that will satisfy them? Consider the following: First, consider the area the child will grow up in when selecting a name. Second, choose a name based on some personal meaning so when the child asks why they’re named so, the parents will have a reasonable explanation. Finally, before deciding on a name, get opinions of people around! Chances are, if your friends and family members look shocked when you share your name selection, your child will probably be horrified as well.１.Meaning, tradition, or parents’wishes for their child.2. Three. Get opinions of people around.3. (Open-ended.)Unit 7 第七单元SECTION A Pre-reading ActivitiesStress can kill you. Being tense can damage your heart, so it is wise to take charge of your life and realize you cannot control everything. But you can control stress which is caused by fear, uncertainty, doubt, and lack of control. Anger may also be the root of this stress, especially for hard-working professional women and people with no goals in life. To relax and take control of your life, try the NICE factors: new, interesting, challenging experiences. And follow Ben Franklin’s example by writing down the major goals you want to achieve in your life. For the problems over which you have no control, you have to learn to go with the flow.1.Stress can be caused by fear, uncertainty, doubt, lack of control, and anger..2. The NICE factors are new, interesting, challenging experiences.3. (open-ended.)Unit 8 第八单元SECTION A Pre-reading ActivitiesWhat is life about? We work hard everyday to make more money, to gain power and recognition. We neglect our health, time with our family, the surrounding beauty and the hobbies we love. One day when we look back, we will realize that we don’t really need that much. We then will realize how much we have missed in life! Work definitely is not the whole of life. Work is meant to keep us living so that we enjoy the beauty and pleasures of life.Life is a balance of work and play, family and personal time. Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the aim of human existence. So, live a balanced lifestyle and enjoy life!1.Our health, time with our family, the surrounding beauty and the hobbies we love.2. Happiness.3. (open-ended.)Unit 9 第九单元SECTION A Pre-reading ActivitiesI wasn’t the brightest kid in my graduating class. I didn’t even attend a famous school. What I did have, though, was a supportive family, and with their help, I was able to become one of the top lawyers in the state of Floridaand then a Florida State Supreme Court Justice. And you know what? It wasn’t as hard as you may think. It started with a clear set of rules: always get up early, always work hard, always do things honestly, always try to improve on the day before and never give up. When I was younger, I didn’t always remember the rules myself, so my father had to remind me. After a while, though, the rules became habit and everything else sort of fell into place.1. He owed his success to his supportive family.2. The rules were: always get up early, always work hard, always do things honestly, always try to improve on the day before, and never give up.3. (Open-end.) 开放性问题，可按自己的想法回答。
全新版大学英语（第二版）听说教程3听力练习答案
Unit 1 ParentsPassage 1Ex. 11-3 c a bEx. 21. her husband spend more time with his mother. //Life is too short, you need to spend time with the people you love, Y ou probably won’t believe me, but I know you love her and I think that if the two of you spend more time together, it will make us closer.2. 1) she was waiting by the door with her coat on and she had her hair curled.2) She had told her lady friends about this.Passage 2Ex. 1 1-3 c d dEx. 2 1. took// out to dinner// neighborhood2. nicer than he expected.3. A couple of times.4. the importance of slowing down//his marriagePart C 1-5 b c b d dUnit 2 CoincidencePassage 1Ex 1 1-4 b a d cEx 2 1984 // son // medical school // tuition // afford it // realize // newspaper ads // extra business // advertisement //succeeded // agent // changed // phone call // put aside // doing // immediately familiar // his father-in-law’s // visited // father-in-law // alive //coincidencePassage 21. The house was decorated exactly the same as Mr. Stewartremembered it2. Mr. Stewart happened to be in the house when a postman cameto deliver a letter to his father-in-law who had died 15 years ago.3. The old postman had called in sick that day, and the postmanwho came in his place was not familiar with the neighborhood.Other wise the letter would have been returned to its sender.Ex. 21. He was intrigued.2. A bank statement.3. His father-in-law had put an amount of money in the bank for hisgrandchildren’s education.4. A little over $ 15,0005. He could use the money to cover the tuition of his first year at amedical college.6. He is a doctor in Illinois.Part C1) collections 2) shot 3)presence 4)justice5)Theater 6) occur 7) victim8) officers had only managed to identify the first victim minutes before the second accident9) They married on the same day, had worn identical wedding dresses and carried the same flowers.10) How can we explain the above similarities?Unit 3 CourageEx 1 1-2 c c Ex 2 1-8 T F F F F T T FPassage 21-2 d bEx. 21. Because she was afraid Krimali might not be able to catch thebaby.2. Because she thought the bed sheets could somehow protect thebaby form being hurt if she failed to catch her.3. Because they were afraid of the swaying ceiling.4. To make it easier and safer for the baby’s mother to get down.5. About two dozen.Part C1-4 a b d dUnit 4 MarriageConversation 1Ex. 1 1-3 b c aEx. 21. understand each other’s expectations // could be avoided //livehappily2. Cleaning up // cleaned up and put away before going to bed3. Sleeping //11 p.m. // 6:30 a.m. // on weekendsConversation 2Ex. 1 1-3 c c aEx. 21. get lost// five minutes // driving // stop // directions2. breaking rules // break a rule // apologize and do something nicefor the other person to make it up3. reviewing the contents of the agreement // review thisagreement once a year // make necessary changesPart C 1-3 a d bUnit 5 Y outhPassage 1Ex. 1 1-2 d cEx. 2 Testing //river // if there were antibiotics // resistant // 350 water samples // the samples // Low levels // three // Water Prize // 5000 / Sweden’sPassage 2Ex. 11. reaching //everybody //exposing //lies2. advertising campaign // youth // against tobacco companies3. the message // teenagers // their advertisementsEx. 2 1-5 c a d c bPart C1-4 a c d cUnit 6 StressConversation 11-3 d c aEx. 2 police officer // 30 // patrol // undercover // detective //supervising investigations // being a police officer // assignment // patrol // the fear of the unknownConversation 2Ex 1 1-5 T F T F TEx. 21. an exercise program // a psychological program // counselingfor officers // several discussion groups //2. baseball // get some sort of exercise // his personalrelationships // relationship with his wifePart C 1-5 d d d b cUnit 7 The Business WorldConversation 1Ex. 11. In Mr. Andrew Song’s office2. Boss and secretary3. To see Mr. Andrew Song on businessEx. 2 1-5 d b a b cConversation 2Ex. 1 1-2 b cEx 2. to discuss the causes of the decline in profits // 10 :00a.m. // Chief Sales Executive1. Sales are down but not by too much2. The budget for sales hasn’t increased even with inflation3. The products are oldPart C1-4 d b d bUnit 8 The EnvironmentPassage 1Ex. 1 1-3 c a dEx. 2 15 million // at the beaches // and in local waters // serious pollution // $ 70 // burning // cancer-causing chemicals// the number of plastic bags used // the public’s overall awareness of environmental problems // the public’s overall awareness of environmental problems //1500 // customers //10 // marketsPassage 2Ex. 1 1-3 d c bEx. 21. Western Europe 、、waterway2. seriously polluted// Fish // dangerous to swim in it3. A fire broke out // tons of pesticides to leak into the Rhine4. The countries //realized // clean it up // keep it clean5. Every six // 24 hoursPart C 1-4 c b d dUnit 9 The Single CurrencyPassage 1 1-3 b b dEx. 21. midnight // 31 // 2001 // the new notes / new currency2. 300 million // 15 billion // 52 billion // 646 billion // 568 billion3. greater Europe // stronger // wealthier4. championed // peace and securityPassage 21-3 d c cEx. 21. When economic conditions are right2. The polls show that many Britons oppose the euro and see it asharming Britain’s sovereignty3. Because as very small retail outlets they don’t have the facilitiesfor changing currencies4. More than 6.55 billion eurosPart C1）symbols 2)ancient 3) grief 4) rebirth5)stable 6) reputation 7) abolishing8)such a conservative people did not express greater sorrow for the loss of their familiar francs9) The name franc was first used in 1360, to celebrate and help to pay for the release of the King of France10) On February 17th, 2002, the French franc disappeared completely from the financial scene.Unit 10 The CinemaPassage 1 Ex. 1 1-2 c dEx. 2 popcorn // successful // 20 million // soft drinks // ice cream // three // four // box office // half the moeny // 69 percent // 89 percent // a little over 90p // 4 // 3.95 Passage 2Ex. 1 1-3 b c dEx. 21. falling2. swimming3. driving4. setting fire5. fights6. flying // exploding helicopter // back of a speeding trian作文优美语段集锦1、青春是用意志的血滴和拼搏的汗水酿成的琼浆——历久弥香；青春是用不凋的希望和不灭的向往编织的彩虹——绚丽辉煌；青春是用永恒的执著和顽强的韧劲筑起的一道铜墙铁壁——固若金汤。
新编大学英语1综合教程练习unit 4
Unit 4 American DreamI Vocabulary and Structurecomprehend confidence abandonproperty instrument sponsorapproach principle wreckdiscard capacity integritygiant optimismassume determination turn away above allcall on clear up for saleon sale pass away send forturn down work outAdditional V ocabularyloan money on character/mortgage 人品贷款/抵押贷款not get a damn thing 什么也得不到down payment 首付款odds and ends 零星杂物on the bottom rung of the ladder 社会最底层the balance sheet 资产负债表move mountain 创造奇迹graduate third in one’s class 以全班第三名的成绩毕业receive a full scholarship to Y ale 获得耶鲁大学全额奖学金senior brain surgeon 高级脑外科医师work one’s tail off发奋努力a think tank 智囊团Ⅱ. V ocabulary and structure1.Mr Green is going on vacation next week. Miss Bennet will be in charge of the ____Department when he is away.A. PersonalB. PersonnelC. PersonD. Personal2.Mobile telecommunications ____is expected to double in shanghai this year as a result of a contract signed between the two companies.A. potentialB. possessionC. impactD. capacity3.We’ll leave it to the committee to ____the details of the plan.A. work onB. work offC. work outD. work up4. All the pictures in the exhibition are ____. Y ou may buy them.A. for rentB. for exampleC. for saleD. for instance5. The canoe got ____and turned over.A. in the balanceB. on balanceC. off balanceD. out of the balance6. We' ll come to see you again ____next week.A. sometimeB. some timeC. sometimesD. some times7. The cars were ____because it was impossible to go any further in the fog.A. sacrificedB. transportedC. removedD. abandoned8. The police were on the ____within a few minutes of the car accident.A. siteB. placeC. spotD. point9. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ____in a quiet neighborhood.A. all in allB. above allC. after allD. over all10. Scientists ____that there is animal life on Mars.A. detectB. doubtC. informD. assume11. The tomato juice left a brown ____on the front of my jacket.A. trackB. traceC. spotD. point12.The tobacco company ____several television programs.A. stagesB. sponsorsC. rewardsD. advertises13.We took out another ____to expand our business.A. lendB. lentC. loanD. load14.While all the passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if ____to leave the plane.A. difficultB. reluctantC. opposedD. unexpected15.It is a huge task to ____all the rooms in the building in such a short time.A. go ahead withB. keep onC. clean upD. work out16.Housewives who do not go to work often feel they are not working to their full ____A. capacityB. strengthC. lengthD. possibility17.The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal village: several fishing boats were ____and many house collapsed.A. wreckedB. spoiledC. tornD. injured18.The fundamental ____which govern all physical processes are also related to many everyday occurrences.A. rulesB. regulationsC. principalsD. principles19. He said he had every ____in his secretary, she would do the right thing.A. confidenceB. knowledgeC. beliefD. dependence20. We all left the meeting, ____ that the project was feasible.A. convincingB. convinceC. convincedD. to convince21. All _______ in this company are entitled to medical insurance.A. personB. personalC. personalityD. personnel22. The army is in a state of readiness in case it should be _____ to launch an offensive.A. called offB. called forC. called uponD. called up23. It _____ me that she’s got the energy for all those parties.A. amazedB. astoundedC. surprisedD. amused24. ___ food containers and bottles littered the streets.A. DisposedB. RefusedC. DiscardedD. Rejected25. I see it’s ____ lunchtime, so let’s take a break now.A. comingB. approachingC. goingD. advancing26. There’s no milk left, so I’m afraid you’ll just have to do ______.A. withoutB. withC. with itD. without it27. I won’t go with you, because it’s too far, too late, and ____, too dangerous.A. most of allB. first of allC. above allD. after all28. She’s trying to get a $50,000 _____ to start her own business.A. loanB. sumC. priceD. share29. I can’t believe he would have smashed the window ---- it seems so out of ____.A. senseB. habitC. characterD. nature30. The notice said “ Private ______. Keep Off.”A. PossessionB. ProsperityC. PropertyD. Propriety31. He’s _____ not to let his parents stop him from doing what he wants to do.A. dependedB. determinedC. depressedD. deprived32. He ____ his parents to attend the graduation ceremony at Harvard.A. sent awayB. sent offC. sent outD. sent for33. We were sinking fast, and the captain gave the order to _____ ship.A. disposeB. escapeC. abandonD. jump34. I’ve drawn up the main outlines, and we’ll ____ the details later.A. work outB. work downC. work forD. work up35. It’s important to have a balanced _____.A. dietB. foodC. dishD. meal36. They usually go to Rome ____ in the autumn.A. some timeB. sometimesC. sometimeD. at times37. Eva said she was doing a ten-mile walk for charity and asked if I’d ____ her for $1 a mile.A. supportB. aidC. helpD. sponsor38. She’s terribly upset because her mother _____ last week.A. passed downB. passed byC. passed awayD. passed out39. If you can’t _____ the job I’ll get someone else to do it.A. settleB. handleC. runD. deal40. The generators each have a ___ of 1,000 kilowatts.A. powerB. capabilityC. competencyD. capacity41. We’ll go out as soon as I’ve ____ the kitchen.A. cleaned upB. cleanedC. cleared awayD. cleared42. In the long run, however, this hurry to shed full-time staff may be _____ harmful to industry as it is to the workforce.A. moreB. lessC. sameD. as43. There are more than fifty proposals ______ at the conference.A. to be discussedB. discussedC. discussingD. having been discussed44. _____ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.A. Having believedB. BelievingC. BelievedD. Being believed45. ____, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.A. With modern offices becoming more mechanizedB. The modern offices is becoming more mechanizedC. With modern offices become more mechanizedD. The modern offices become more mechanized46. Today, people ______ for one person to learn what needs to be known about all subjects.A. find it impossibleB. find impossibleC. find it’s impossibleD. find it being impossible47. Home work ____ on time will lead to better grades.A. to have been doneB. be doneC. having doneD. done48. In some countries, _____ is called “ equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. one49. He entered the office still ___ by the way she spoke to him.A. annoyB. annoyingC. being annoyedD. annoyed50. Paul considered himself fortunate ______ to Harvard University.A. to have been admittedB. having been admittedC. being admittedD. having being admittedⅢ. CET 4 V ocabulary1. The Minister accused the farmers of taking ____ of the potato shortage in order to force prices up.A. stepsB. actionC. advantageD. measure2. It’s a good idea----I’ll bear it ______.A. by heartB. by my heartC. in my mindD. in mind3. I was so _______ in my book that I didn’t hear the doorbell ring.A. occupiedB. engagedC. absorbedD. concentrated4. The ____ action of the policeman saved the people in the house from being burnt.A. militaryB. sufficientC. significantD. immediate5. The situation was ____ complicated by John’s mistake.A. all togetherB. fartherC. furtherD. altogether6. Y ou may ask him about these foreign words. He is ___ in five languages.A. fluentB. flexibleC. convenientD. capable7. Few of them are persuaded ___ the benefits of the village shop.A. ofB. forC. inD. at8. From her conversation I _____ that she had a large family.A. estimatedB. includedC. predictedD. guessed9. As it _____, I have my library card with me, so I can borrow some books today.A. occursB. takes placeC. breaks outD. happens10. People must ____ their way of thinking according to the changed circumstances.A. restoreB. reformC. acquireD. adjust11. He _____ a position of great responsibility in the government.A. supportsB. keepsC. holdsD. possesses12. Mary spends a large ____ of time each day on the telephone.A. amountB. momentC. periodD. number13. “ What shall we do if it rains?”“Well, in that ___ we shall have to change our plans.”A. respectB. caseC. chanceD. point14. They are _____ to fall behind if they don’t improve their method of work.A. obviousB. necessaryC. possibleD. likely15. The man who won the Science Prize was quite _____. Everyone admired him.A. outstandingB. perfectC. reservedD. delightful16. By careful ____ of his capital, he obtained a good income.A. investigationB. investmentC. insuranceD. instruction17. The police have _____ the road where a bomb was found. So there is no traffic there at the moment.A. protectedB. stoppedC. occupiedD. blocked18. I wanted to hold the meeting today, but ____ the present situation it had better be postponed.A. in the light ofB. by means ofC. in the course ofD. in place of19. He asked Jane to marry him but she ____ his proposal.A. set outB. put offC. turned downD. put out20. I know this job of mine isn’t well paid, but ____, I don’t have to work long hours.A. of courseB. on the contraryC. by the wayD. on the other hand21. John said that he wasn’t quite ready and that his shoes ____.A. needed cleaningB. needed being cleanedC. needs to have been cleanedD. needs tohave cleaned22. Once they had fame, fortune, secure futures; _______is poverty.A. now that all is leftB. now all that is leftC. now all which is leftD. now all what is left23. Give me an undisturbed hour and I’ll finish the work Tom ____ unfinished.A. will leaveB. has been leftC. is leavingD. has left24. A series of attempts ___, he came to a successful solution to the problem.A. having madeB. having been madeC. were madeD. have been made25. We asked the hotel clerk ______ the restaurant would still be open at ten o’clock.A. thatB. whereC. whenD. whether26. Many people favor _____ more nuclear power plants.A. to buildB. buildC. builtD. building27. We can see a lot of people doing morning exercises in parks even ____ cold mornings.A. onB. inC. atD. during28. Although his parents warned him ____ what would happen, he continued to disobey them.A. againstB. onC. forD. of29. That tree looked as if it _____ for a long time.A. hadn’t been wateredB. hasn’t any waterC. hasn’t wateredD. wasn’t watered30. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time that someone ______ me that evening.A. had interruptedB. would have interruptedC. to have interruptedD. has interrupted31. So often ____ in recent years that it has almost become the rule.A. has this happenedB. this has happenedC. is this happeningD. for this to happen32. The last man ____ the sinking ship was the captain.A. leftB. to be leavingC. to leaveD. leaves33. Water dissolves a part of nearly everything _____ it becomes in contact.A. whereB. thatC. with whichD. as soon as34. Howard _____ to speak with them but they appeared to be in a hurry.A. would have stoppedB. would stopC. would be stoppedD. will stop35. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ asked to attend the class meeting.A. isB. areC. haveD. has36. They ____ for seven hours when they spotted a sign that said “ Guests.”A. were drivingB. had been drivingC. droveD. had to drive37. Today’s typewriter keyboard is _____ Shole’s 1867 keyboard.A. as same asB. the same thatC. the same asD. as same one as38. ____ did she start preparing dinner.A. Not until he arrivedB. Hardly had he arrivedC. No sooner had he arrivedD.Scarcely did he arrive39. This new suggestion is a distinct improvement on _____ I originally made.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. such40. Look what you’ve done! Y ou ____ more careful.A. may beB. must beC. should have beenD. would have beenⅣ. Reading Comprehension( 1 )Bret Harte, a member of an educated but poor New Y ork family, travelled west to California as a young man in 1854. He settled in San Francisco in 1860 and a year later became editor of the Over- land Monthly, in which he published many of his famous stories of the Far West. Harte seems to have succeeded although, for a time., he used to consider the mining(采矿) life unsuitable subject matter for literature.In the 1860's, Eastern magazines featured mostly English authors, but their readers were eager for American fiction. Therefore, when Harte's story "The Luck of Roaring Camp" was reprinted in the "Atlantic Monthly", it created quite a sensation(轰动) in the East. After Harte' s initial success, Eastern editors printed his other tales about mining, and with the publication of a collection in book form in 1870, he became popular throughout the nation.Soon after the collection was published, Harte returned to the East and continued to write in New Y ork for seven years, but his stories were not of the same quality and his popularity decreased. In 1878 he went to Europe where he remained until his death in 1902. Although some editors continued to publish his stories, he never regained his popularity, for his tales were for the most part imitations of his earlier works.1. Of the following statements about Harte, which one is NOT TRUE?A. Harte became an editor in 1861B. Harte's stories are mostly about mining lifeC. Harte's family had a great fortuneD. Harte used to live in San Francisco2. What was the reason for Harte's success as an author?A. Readers wanted stories about life in AmericaB. Harte used to work for the "Overland Monthly"C. Harte was born of an educated familyD. Americans loved literature during the 1860's3. How many years did Harte spend in the Far West?A. 18 yearsB. 10 yearsC. 20 yearsD. 16 years4. According to the passage, Harte's later stories wereA. popular in EuropeB. welcomed by AmericansC. of the higher qualityD. for the most part imitations5. The story mainly tells aboutA.Harte's life as a writerB. Harte’s famous storiesC. Harte’s success as editorD. Harte’s life in Europe( 2 )Today is the anniversary(周年纪念日)of that afternoon in April a year ago that 1 first saw the strange and appealing(令人动心的)doll in the window of Abe Sheftel' s stationery and toy shop on Third A venue near Fifteenth Street, just around the corner from my office, where the plate on the door reads: Dr. Samuel Amoty. I remember just how it was that day: the first hint(迹象) of spring floated across the East River, mixing with the soft-coal smoke from the factories and the street smells of the poor neighbourhood. As I turned the corner on my way to work and came to Sheftel's' I was made once more aware of the poor collection of toys in the dusty window, and I remembered the coming birthday of a small niece of mine in Cleveland, to whom I was in the habit of sending modest gifts. Therefore, I stopped and examined the window to see if there might be anything appropriate, and looked at the confusing collection of ordinary objects a red toy fire engine, some lead soldiers, cheap baseballs, bottles of ink, pens, yellowed, stationery, and garish(俗丽的) cardboard(纸板) advertisements for soft-drinks. And thus my eyes eventually came to rest upon the doll tucked(塞在) away in one corner, a doll with the strangest, most charming expression on her face. I could not wholly make her out, due to the shadows and the glass through which I was looking, but I was aware that a tremendous impression had been made upon me as though I had run into a person, as one does sometimes with a stranger, with whose personality one is deeply impressed.1. What made an impression on the author?A. The doll's unusual faceB. The collection of toysC. A stranger he met at the storeD. The resemblance (相似) of the doll to his niece2. Why does the author mention his niece?A. She likes dollsB. The doll looks like herC. She lives near Sheftel'sD. He was looking for a gift for her3. Why did the author go past Sheftel' s?A. He was on his way to workB. He was looking for a present for his nieceC. He wanted to buy some stationery.D. He liked to look in the window4. Most of the things in the store window wereA. expensiveB. appealingC. neatly arrangedD. unattractive5.The story took place in theA. early summerB. midsummerC. early springD. late spring( 3 )When my brother, sister, and I were little, we were a big responsibility for my parents. We were very active children, so my parents had to be alert(警惕)at all times. We were not always well-behaved and frequently did things my mother disapproved(不满)of. We got dirty when playing outside and made a lot of noise when playing inside. I still remember putting dirty water on a neighbor' s hair because we were arguing about something. I got into a lot of trouble for that.Although our patents disapproved of many things that we did, they usually did not get veryangry. They always tried to discuss the situation with us the first time and rarely screamed at us. I remember having long conversations about why we ought to behave in a certain way.My brother, sister, and I always laughed and joked with each other. I can still remember how we joked with our elder brother when he first was able to grow a beard(胡须). He was very proud of his "beard", but we all laughed because it was nothing more than three or four hairs on his face. My mother always looked at us disapprovingly when we laughed so loudly, but my brother never got angry. He thought it was funny.My sister, however, did get very angry on several occasions. We always let each other use our belongings, but we had to ask permission before taking them. Once I borrowed my sister's white dress without asking and got ink spots on it. When she found out, she screamed at me angrily, telling me that I was childish and unreliable. I felt very sad, and my mother was unhappy because I broke our family’s rude about borrowing belongings.1. What is NOT TRUE of their childhood behavior?A. They always did what their parents asked them to doB. They were active but not always behaving wellC. They liked to laugh at their elder brotherD. They were noisy when playing outdoors2. From the passage, it's known that the writer once got into great difficultyA. for the argument with her relativesB. due to her clothes getting dirtyC. because of the lack of intelligenceD. because she behaved in a bad manner to her neighbour3. When they did something wrong, their parents would try to discuss the situation first insteadofA. beating themB. being helpfulC. getting angryD. getting disturbed4. The reason why the writer's sister got angry is thatA. the writer did not express thanks to her sisterB. the writer broke the family's ruleC. the writer looked at her sister disappointedlyD. the writer behaved impatiently5. When the sister blamed the writer for being "unreliable" she meant the writerA. was madB. was rudeC. was not to be depended onD. was like a thief( 4 )Krakatau volcano(火山) is in small island in Indonesia. It had been peaceful for about 200 years before it erupted(爆发) in 1883.The first signs of activity of the volcano appeared in May 1883, when fire and smoke could be seen at the top of the mountain. Great noises could be heard even in Jakarta a hundred miles away. Later the activity grew much greater. The peak(山顶) was covered with smoke and fire: the smoke at one time was seventeen miles high in the air. The lava--soft and hot rock--shot up into the air and rolled down the sides of the mountain.The mouth of the volcano was not at the peak of the mountain but on its side, close to the sea. As it grew bigger and bigger with the eruption, the sea- water got into it. When the sea- waterreached the lava inside the volcano, it made the upper part of the lava colder and harder. And this sealed off(封住) the rest of the lava below. As the inside lava could not break through the seal, the pressure built up until the mountain blew up.The eruption of the volcano was followed by several earthquakes, which brought about bad results. About 36,000 people were killed and many towns and villages near the sea were completely destroyed by the great waves, which the earthquakes caused.1.Krakatau volcano _______A. erupted two hundred years agoB. had not been active for two hundred years before 1883C. had not shown any signs before 1883D. made its first eruption in 18832. Shortly before the volcano erupted people saw _______A. nothing at the top of the mountainB. the peak was covered with soft and hot rodC. fire and smoke at the top of the mountainD. lava shooting up into the sky from the peak3. The mountain exploded because _______A. the activity grew much greaterB. there was too much lava shooting upC. the pressure under the seal grew greater and greaterD. the mouth of the volcano was at the top of the mountain4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ______A. The earthquakes caused the eruptionB. The earthquakes were caused by the big sea wavesC. Many towns and villages were destroyed by the volcano lava.D. The disaster was directly caused by the waves, which were caused by the earthquakes following the eruption of the volcano5. Lava is ______A. big stones erupted from a volcanoB. hot rock in the form of liquidC. the colder and harder part of rockD. fire and smoke shooting into the skyⅤ. Translation1.今年我们的会议集中讨论儿童权益的问题。
2024-2025学年广东省六校高三上学期八月第一次联考英语试题及答案
东莞中学、广州二中、惠州一中、深圳实验、珠海一中、中山纪念中学2025届高三第一次六校联考试题英语命题学校：东莞市东莞中学本试卷共10页，满分120分，折算成150分计入总分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1. 答题前, 考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔将对应的信息点涂黑，不按要求填涂的，答卷无效。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，只需将答题卡交回。
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AAptitude Tests RecommendationsAptitude tests are helpful to job seekers of all ages. While career quizzes explore your values and work style, aptitude tests provide a more objective evaluation of your skills, helping you select a career you’re most likely to succeed in. Below are some of the best aptitude tests out there.Clifton StrengthsThe Clifton Strengths program was created based on research around leadership. The research in question pointed to common strengths among successful leaders, like strategic thinking, adaptability and communication. To complete the test, you must answer around 150 questions, each within 20 seconds. Allen Cheung, a tech blogger, notes that Clifton Strengths is more valuable than your average career test because it includes “tricky questions which aren’t as easily gamed”.Red Bull WingfinderDeveloped and tested out by psychology experts, the Red Bull Wingfinder assesses your thinking under pressure. Questions include image sorting, logic puzzles and leadership-related questions. Once you complete the test, you’ll receive a nine-page report and career coaching tailored to your results.SEI Development ReportThe SEI Development Report is an extensive EQ aptitude test that has timed right-and-wrong answers that assess eight fundamentals, including emotional literacy, emotional management and empathy. At the end, you’ll receive a 20-page report with recommended courses on workplace EQ development.CareerOneStopWhile it only takes a few minutes to complete, the CareerOneStop Skills Assessment will help you rank both your technical and soft skills. The career suggestions at the end can be categorized by relevance, annual wages, and job outlook, coupled with professional coaching or consultation to improve your skills.21. What do aptitude tests mainly assess for job seekers?A. Their work morals.B. Their preferred work style.C. Their career interest.D. Their professional competence.22. What is a unique feature of Clifton Strengths?A. It evaluates leadership skills.B. It develops strategic thinking.C. It includes challenging questions.D. It offers a comprehensive report.23. Which test suits those who prefer sorted suggestions and career coaching?A. Clifton Strengths.B. Red Bull Wingfinder.C. SEI Development Report.D. CareerOneStop.BFor some of us, going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary. But for many people around the world, especially those in poverty-stricken areas, having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn’t possible. A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping change that situation.Growing up in USA, Felipe Rossi had just obtained the Bachelor of Medicine Degree and was about to start a master’s degree in Pediatric Dentistry (儿童口腔学) when a journey to his father’s home — Balsabo in Brazil — converted his initial plan. “All locals didn’t have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open.” Felipe Rossi recalled. “A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems.”With the support of his parents, Felipe formed an NGO (non-governmentorganization) called Porsorriso to give free oral treatments to individuals with low incomes who require cleaning, fillings, crowns, restoration work and more. His team is composed of approximately 30 registered volunteers who go with him to poor towns and villages in Brazil.Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies. Individuals may also make donations through the “Smile Solidarity” program, where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute. Porsorriso also holds regular fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country.Noble as its objective is, Felipe admits that Porsorriso is “struggling to survive” because of the huge cost of providing dental work and the constant fundraising events they have to hold to keep the NGO in normal functioning. “Challenging as it is, it did bring healthy teeth as well as renewed confidence to the locals. We will continue this transformative act whatever difficulties we will face”. Felipe said with a strong will.24. How does the author introduce the topic of the text?A. By posing a contrast.B. By making an appeal.C. By reporting an event.D. By assuming a situation.25. What motivated Felipe to offer dental treatments to Brazilians?A. The support from his parents.B. The passion for dental health.C. The encounter with locals lacking dental care.D. The professional skills and knowledge from college.26. Which of the following can best describe Felipe Rossi?A. Hopeful and diligent.B. Charitable and dedicated.C. Faithful and ambitious.D. Intelligent and innovative.27. What do we know about Porsorriso?A. It gives free oral treatments to anyone in need.B. It is cooperated by Felipe Rossi and the local authority.C. It is financially supported by corporations and individuals.D. It holds regular fundraisers to educate people about dental care.CYou’ve most likely heard the news by now: A car-commuting, desk-bound, TV-watching lifestyle can be harmful to our health. All the time that we spend rooted in the chair is linked to increased risks of so many deadly diseases that experts have named this modern-day health epidemic the “sitting disease”.Sitting for too long slows down the body’s metabolism (新陈代谢) and the way enzymes break down our fat reserves, raising both blood sugar levels and blood pressure. Small amounts of regular activity, even just standing and moving around,throughout the day is enough to bring the increased levels back down. And those small amounts of activity add up — 30 minutes of light activity in two or three-minute bursts can be just as effective as a half-hour block of exercise. But without that activity, blood sugar levels and blood pressure keep creeping up, steadily damaging the inside of the arteries (动脉) and increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and other serious diseases. In essence, fundamental changes in biology occur if you sit for too long.But wait, you’re a runner. You needn’t worry about the harm of a sedentary lifestyle because you exercise regularly, right? Well, not so fast. Recent studies show that people spend an average of 64 hours a week sitting, whether or not they exercise 150 minutes a week as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Regular exercisers, furthermore, are found to be about 30 percent less active on days when they exercise. Overall, most people simply aren’t exercising or moving around enough to balance out all the harm that can result from sitting nine hours or more a day.Scared straight out of your chair? Good. The remedy is as simple as standing up and taking activity breaks.28. Which is the best way to bring down high blood sugar level and blood pressure?A. Doing exercise for 150 minutes or more every week.B. Getting rid of the habit of car commuting and TV watching.C. Standing or moving around for at least two minutes every day.D. Interrupting sitting time with light activity as often as possible.29. What does the word “sedentary” in the third paragraph most likely mean?A. Inactive.B. Risky.C. Overloaded.D. Unbalanced.30. Which of the following may be inferred about those who do serious exercise?A. They always meet the exercise standard recommended by WHO.B. They tend to stand or move less on the days when they work out.C. They usually remove all the harmful effects of sitting for too long.D. They generally spend less time sitting than those who do not exercise.31. What is the passage mainly about?A. The challenges of the modern lifestyle.B. The effect of regular activity on our body.C. The reasons for the spread of a modern epidemic.D. The threat to our health from long hours of sitting.DThe ban on cigarette advertising in the early 1970s in the United States serves as a fascinating case study in the field of public health campaigns and their unintendedconsequences. Despite the government’s intention to discourage smoking and reduce related health risks, the ban led to an unexpected outcome: an increase in cigarette sales for the major tobacco companies.The reason for this unexpected outcome can be traced to the principles of game theory, particularly the prisoner’s dilemma paradox (悖论). Just as in the prisoner’s dilemma, where cooperation leads to the best outcome for both parties, the tobacco companies would benefit collectively if none of them advertised. This action would create fairness in competition, ensuring that no individual company gains an edge by advertising.However, the dilemma arises when considering the potential actions of competitors. If one tobacco company decides to ignore the ban and advertise its products, it stands to gain a significant market share and increased sales compared to its non-advertising competitors. This creates a situation where each company faces the urge to advertise, fearing that their competitors may do the same and leave them at a disadvantage.In the end, most tobacco companies decided to play it safe and invested in advertising, despite the ban, to avoid being left behind in the competitive landscape. This strategic decision reflects the uncertainty and strategic considerations that shape business decisions, even in the face of regulations aimed at public health goals.This application of game theory provides valuable insight into the complexities of influencing human behavior through policy interventions. While well-intended efforts such as advertising bans may seem straightforward in theory, the realities of strategic decision-making and competitive dynamics often lead to unforeseen outcomes. As such, understanding the complexities of game theory can provide valuable insight for policymakers seeking to design more effective interventions and address complex societal challenges.32. What is a direct result of the ban in the 1970s?A. Cut in tax income.B. Reduction in health risks.C. Rise in tobacco sales.D. Cooperation of companies.33. How can all competitors benefit in the prisoner’s dilemma?A. They fully trust each other and follow the regulations.B. They act independently and pursue their own interests.C. They increase their market share at the expense of others.D. They ignore competition and focus on their own strategies.34. Why do most tobacco companies finally choose to advertise?A. To avoid intense competition.B. To gain a competitive advantage.C. To shape better business images.D. To achieve public health goals.35. What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. A Good Intention Fails.B. A Cigarette Ban Ends in Smoke.C. A Ban Boosts Public Health.D. A Dilemma Concerns Cigarette Companies.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
3英语阅读-经济学人《Economics》双语版-Foodfirmsandfat-fighters
（2）：食品公司与减肥斗士【翻译交流】Feb 9th 2006From The Economist Global AgendaFood firms and fat-fighters食品公司与减肥斗士Five leading food companies have introduced a labelling scheme for their products in the British market, in an attempt to assuage critics who say they encourage obesity. But consumer groups are unhappy all the same. Is the food industry, like tobacco before it, about to be *engulfed[1]by a wave of lawsuits brought on health grounds?五家业内领先的食品公司采取了一项方案，就是在其投入英国市场的食品上作出标注，力图堵住那些说他们鼓励肥胖的批评人士的嘴。
不过，消费者团体仍然不开心。
食品业会像之前的烟草一样，被卷入一场关乎健康的诉讼之中吗？KEEPING fit requires a combination of healthy eating and regular exercise. On the second of these at least, the world’s food companies can claim to be setting a good example :they have been working up quite a sweat in their attempts to fend off assaults by governments, consumer groups and lawyers who accuse them of peddling products that encourage obesity. This week saw the unveiling of another industry initiative :five leading food producers—Danone, Kellogg, Nestlé, Kraft and PepsiCo—introduced a labelling scheme for the British market which will show “guideline daily amounts” for calories, fats, sugar and salt on packaging. The new labels will start to appear on the firms’ crisps, chocolate bars, cheese slices *and the like[2] over the next few months. A number of other food giants, such as Cadbury Schweppes and Masterfoods, have already started putting guideline labels on their products.将健康的饮食习惯和经常性的锻炼二者结合才可以让身体保持健康。
新东方考研英语十篇必背作文一份正反面ZBZOLcom指北针在线
标题：新东方考研十篇必背作文下载新东方10大功能段落—第一段：[1.现象/现状说明段] [2.图画/图表描述段]第二段：[3.对立观点陈诉段]（四，六级多用）[4.利弊说明段][5.意义阐述段] [6.原因列军段] [7.举例段] 第三段：[8.归纳结论段] [9.趋势预测段] [10建议措施段]（本次整理主要是根据新东方春季考研辅导班整理的，其中说明文只有三篇8，9，10书信，所以前七篇是重点，毕竟是20分啊！在以后的时间里，我也会把说明文10分的必背篇整理出来的，谢谢大家的支持.）第一部分图画作文（四篇）1. 关于爱心（01年真题）Love is a lamp[1.现象/现状说明段] Love is of utmost importance to us humans. Everybody not only needs love, but also should give others love. As can be seen from the picture, "love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places. " This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than other people. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to help them step out of their difficulties.[7.举例段] I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the following example(s).For instance when someone is starving to death, just a little food and water from you may save his(her) life. Again, when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out ofschool because of poverty, just a small sum of money from you may support her to finish school and change her life. In these case/circumstances you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.[8.归纳结论段] To sum up, we should offer our help to all the needed. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. So when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help, don't hesitate to give your love to him (her). I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and that our society will be a better place for us to live in.2. 空气污染(隐形杀手)[2.图画/图表描述段]Pollution is becoming more and more serious all over the world. As is shown in the cartoon, two cars are giving off waste gas and three people are trying to avoid breathing in the poisonous gas by masking their face with their hands. The poisonous gas sent off by factories, domestic appliances and automobiles has made the air unhealthy for people to breathe.[5.意义阐述段]There is no denying that automobiles are indications of civilization, progress and development; nevertheless , automobiles cause the serious problem of air pollution. Scientists have warned that unless effective measures are taken, the problem of pollution will eventually get out of hand. Actually, people are showing a real concern over the problem. For example, there is an increasingly loudvoice from the public for firm action against pollution from automobiles.[10建议措施段]Indeed, the earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our descendants. In my opinion, we should work out concrete solutions to the problem of pollution from poisonous gas given off by automobiles. For example, the automobiles should be equipped with a device which can dispose of waste gas so as to prevent it from polluting air. Only in this way can we really solve the problem of air pollution caused by automobiles.3. 沙漠化[2.图画/图表描述段]As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly the relation ship between people and desert. In the left hand picture, people are fleeing from greedy sand hills because they cut down all the trees. The caption reads, ”As the sand advances, we retreat.” In the right hand picture, the people have returned carrying tools, water, and young trees to plant the land again. The caption reads: “As we advance, the sand retreats. ”[5.意义阐述段]It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about the importance of trees in water and soil conservation and the need for everyone to fight against the danger of the desertification. In fact, what he is saying is that the sand hills will drive away from the land if we do fight against the sand. If we let this situation continueas it is , our environment will suffer a great destruction.[10.建议措施段]The best way to fight back against the greedy desert in made clear in the second picture. There the local people are actively setting about the task of planting trees to reclaim the land and make it fertile. The fact that there are three people in the picture, each with a different job suggests that working together is the key to success in the battle against soil erosion.4. 商业捕鱼（00年真题）A Brief History of World Commercial Fishing[2.图表描述段] As is shown in the pictures ,with the increase of commercial fishing ,the number of fishes dramatically(sharply) decreased .In one pictures ,there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900 .On the contrary ,in1995 there was only one fish ,with many fishing-boats. [5.意义阐述段] The purpose of this picture is to show us that due (great enough) attention has to be paid to the decrease (decline) of ocean resources .Owing to over-fishing the number of fishes has obviously dropped .If we let this situation go (continue) as it is ,we do not know where fish will be in the future .By that time ,our environment will suffer a great destruction .[10.建议措施段] Therefore ,it is imperative for us to take drastic (effective) measures .For one thing ,we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing .For another ,we should enhance(imperative arouse) the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital tous .Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources .Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty ,and we will have a brighter future .第二部分图表作文（三篇）5. 人口增长对野生动物的影响（99年真题）[2.图画/图表描述段] From these graphs, we can drawa conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our planet.[6.原因列军段]Why does this phenomenon appear? There are several possible reasons for this. Above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing number of people came to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die. In addition, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Even worse(坏)/More importantly(好), as the result（中性）/consequence （贬义）of the industry, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The clear cutting has become increasingly serious. So some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.[10.建议措施段]In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second, the governments should educatepeople to love nature and protect it. Third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment.6 烟草生产和消费（01年大纲样题）[1.现象/现状说明段]The majority of people would agree that cigarette smoking has caused serious problems. But the tobacco companies insist that they contribute greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to the government and employing hundreds of workers.[4.利弊说明段]Personally, I believe that cigarette production and consumption threatens to do more harm than good. Firstly, smoking is responsible for many fatal diseases such as lung cancer, heart diseases and so on. According to the survey, tobacco consumers account for about 20% of the world population, and among them, three million people die from smoking-related diseases every year. The fact that the output of tobacco production is reduced from 143.64 billion pounds in 1994 to 142 billion pounds in 1995 also suggests that people have come to realize the negative effects of smoking. Secondly, tobacco consumption is extremely wasteful of money. As is indicated in the pictures, 200 billion US dollars is lost due to smoking each year. Obviously, the total loss of money around the globe substantially exceeds the gain in the industry.[8.归纳结论段]In conclusion, as the economic development aims at making our life better, we cannot sacrifice our health for short-term financial benefits. If we have to spend more and more money providing medical services for those who suffer fromsmoking-related illnesses, the notion of promoting economy via tobacco production is not justifiable. It is high time that we fought for the total tobacco ban.7. 日用花销统计Statistics in People's Daily Expenses in Xi'an YearItem 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Food 66% 61% 48% 41% 36% Clothing 9% 10% 12% 15% 18% Recreation 4% 5% 8% 9% 11%[2.图画/图表描述段]What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the daily expenses in Xi' an from 1995 to 1999. The expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7%. The statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another.[6.原因列军段]There are two factors accounting for these changes. Development in economy is an essential one in the five years. The increased income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less expense on food. Hence, a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expense. Another one is the changes in life style. When food presents no worry to the average, people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time. As a result of such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation increased year after year.[9.趋势预测段]From the analyses made above, we may come to the conclusion that people's living standards in Xi' an have been constantly improvedbetween 1995 and 1999. With the further growth in economy and more changes in life style, the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the table will continue in the better direction.第三部分事务信函（三篇）8.咨询信A letter of InquiryYou wish to study at a certain foreign university. Write a letter inquiring about the situation there as regards accommodation, fees and qualifications.Dear SirI am a Chinese citizen who wishes to study at your university. My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information. First, what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already have a master’s degree from a university here in China, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements. Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self – supporting, I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students. Third, what is the situation as regards accommodation? I would prefer a single room, which is more conducive to studying, but if single rooms are expensive, I would be willing to share.I look forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution.Yours sincerely,Li Ming9. 请求信 A Letter of RequestYou find that your study load is too heavy. Write a letter to your college teacher explaining why you need to withdraw from two courses. Ask if it is possible to obtain a refund.Dear Prof. James,I am writing to formally request to withdraw from two courses: Introduction to Elementary Education (EDU 602) and Teaching Methods (EDU 619). The main reason for reducing my course load is that I am finding it extremely difficult to manage six courses. In the beginning of the term, I was perhaps overly optimistic about juggling both my full – time studies and my part –time job (20 hours/week). Because I really must work part time, I have no other choice but to decrease my course load. I am planning on taking the two courses during the summer semester, if they are available, so that I will be able to complete all the courses for the degree program by the following year.I would also like to request a tuition refund, and hope I am not too late to receive the full reimbursement. I am sorry for any inconveniences I have caused by this change in plans. This decision was not takenlightly, and I do appreciate the king consideration you have shown to me.Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at 277-9144. I look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours,Jane Carter10．建议信 A Letter of Advice/Suggestion You have a friend who is about to enter university, and he wants you to advise him on which subject to specialize in – history, in which he is very interested, or computer science, which offers better job prospects. Dear John,You have asked me for my advice concerning whether you should study history or computer science at university, and I will try to make some useful suggestions.You must keep in mind that, above all, your university training is a preparation for your future career. Therefore, your first consideration should be to study a subject which will best equip you to earn a living. There is no doubt that the field of computers offers far job opportunities than history.Besides, we are now in the age of the high - technology revolution. For the foreseeable future,not only will it be necessary for everyone to beJamescomputer - literate, it will also be necessary for themto be equipped with computer skills merely to earn aliving! History, I'm afraid, however fascinating it maybe, offers few career prospects.Of course, you don't have to devote all your time atuniversity to studying computers and nothing else.On the contrary, I would recommend that you keepup your reading of history in your spare time. Thatway, you will find that your leisure hours are enrichedwhile you prepare yourself for a worthwhile career incomputers.Yours sincerely,11。
全新版大学英语听说教程答案第三册
全新版大学英语听说教程答案第三册Unit1Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. c 2. a 3.bExercise 2:1. She suggested that her husband spend more time withhis mother. She said to her husband, "Life is too short, butyou need to spend time with the people you love. You probablywon't believe me, but I know you love her and I think that ifthe two of you spend more time together , it will make uscloser."2. 1) ...she was waiting by the door with her coat on andshe had her hair curled.2) She had told her lady friends about this.Text 2Exercise 1: 1. c 2. d 3. dExercise 2: 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. FPart C1. b2. c3. b4. d5. dUnit 2Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. b 2. a 3. d 4. cExercise 2:1984 / son / medical school / tuition / afford it / realize / newspaper ads / extra business / advertisement / succeeded /agent / changed / phone call / put aside / doing / immediately/ familiar / father-in-law's / visited / his father-in-lawalive / coincidence.Text 2Exercise 1: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. FExercise 2:1. He was intrigued.2. A bank statement.3. his father-in-law had put an amount of money in the bank for his grandchildren's education.4. A little over $15,000.5. He could use the money to cover the tuition of hisfirst year at a medical college.6. He is a doctor in Illinois.Part C1. F2. T3. F4. F5. T6. T7. F8. TUnit 3Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. b 2. c 3.aExercise 2:1. Because she wanted to understand each other's expectations so that potential problems could be avoided and they could live happily together.2. Cleaning up. Everything must be cleaned up and put away before going to bed.3. Sleeping. Time for bed: 11pm; time to get up: 6:30am except on weekends.Text 2Exercise 1: 1. F 2.F 3.T 4.TExercise 2:1. One rule says that if they get lost for more than five minutes when they are driving, they must stop and ask for directions.2. Once Tom and Linda got lost when they were driving toa friend's wedding.3. Linda wanted to stop at a gas station to ask the way, but Tom thought he could figure it out.4. As a result, they were late for the wedding because they went in the wrong direction for forty miles.Part C1. ...not so special/not extremes2. a. ...get angry quickly b. ...change themselves... Unit 4Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. d 2. c 3.aExercise 2:Sam has been a police officer for 30 years. He has done everything from patrol to undercover work. He has also done detective work and now he is supervising investigations.Sam thinks being a police officer is a very stressful job, but it depends on the assignment one has. In his opinion the biggest pert of the stress is the fear of the unknown and patrol is the most stressful assignment.Text 2Exercise 1: 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. TExercise 2:1. ... One is an exercise program, another is a psychological program with counseling for officers. And there are several discussion groups as well for officers to sit down and talk about their stress with other officers.2. 2)...He tries to get some sort of exercise every day.3)...his personal relationships, especially his relationships with his wife.Part C1. d2. d3. d4. b5. cUnit 5Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. D 2. DExercise 2: 1. F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.TText 2Exercise 1:1. Reaching Everybody by Exposing Lies2. They launched an advertising campaign to call on youth to fight against tobacco companies by starting the "Not fro Sale" commercial on television and radio.3. They intend to spread the message that teenagers no longer want to be targeted by tobacco companies in their advertisements.Exercise 2: 1. c 2.a 3.c 4.c 5.bPart CSkatescooter· Mostly made in Switzerland· In 1999· Not until it was popular in Japan· For sport; for transportation from home to the underground or from a bus stop to the office· a variety of people, from students to business executives· Can be folded up without difficulty and is easy to carry aboutUnit 6Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. D 2. CExercise 2:Leaves are Nature's food factories. Plants take water from the ground through their roots and carbon dioxide from the air. Then leaves turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. This process is called photosynthesis. Leaves are mostly green because chlorophyll is green. As a matter of fact, there are, in leaves, small amounts of yellow and orange all along, but they are coveredup by the green chlorophyll in summer. They show up in fall as chlorophyll disappears from the leaves, due to the decline of photosynthesis. The bright reds and purples we see in leavesof trees like maples are made mostly in fall. The brown colorof trees like oaks is made from wastes left in the leaves.Text 2Exercise 1: 1. C 2. BExercise 2:1. They are leaf pigments, length of night, and weather.2. It is the steadily increasing length of night.3. They change their colors at the same time no matter whether they are on a high mountain or in warm lowlandsbecause the timing of color change seems to be genetically inherited.4. It is because their needle-like or scale-like foliageis covered with a heavy wax coating and the liquid insidetheir cells contains cold-resistant elements.5. In the Arctic because the winter there is too cold.Part CExercise: 1. T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.TUnit 7Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. B 2. CExercise 2: 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. FText 2Exercise 1: 1. D 2. BExercise 2:1. Because she was afraid Krimali might not be able to catch her.2. Because she thought the bed sheets could somehowprotect the baby from being hurt if she failed to catch her.3. Because they were afraid of the swaying ceiling.4. to make it easier and safer for people to get down.5. About two dozen were saved.Part CExercise: 1. A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.AUnit 8Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. B 2. A 3. DExercise 2: 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. FText 2Exercise 1: 1. D 2. DExercise 2:A...a positive factor......no serious issues......not a significant factor....not affected their lives....at least a small disadvantage and a minor source of frustration in their lives.BBasic skills like learning to write, learning to use scissors and other hand tools and utensils, and learning various crafts and other activitiesInstructors and instructions ...Part Cat 12 weeks both handsby 24 weeks both handsby 36 weeks left handbetween 40 and 44 weeks right handat 48 weeks left handbetween 52 and 56 weeks right handat 80 weeks both handsat the age of two right handbetween two and a half and three years both handsby the age of eight ...Unit 9Part BExercise 1:1. In Mr. Andrew Song's office2. Boss and secretary.3. For an appointment with Mr. Andrew Song.Exercise 2: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. FText 2Exercise 1: 1. b 2. cExercise 2:Purpose of meeting: to discuss the causes for the decline in profitsTime: 10:00 amChair: BernardSpeaker: Sam CanningPosition: Chief Sales ExecutiveThe main points of his talk:1. Sales are down but not by too much2. The budget for sales hasn't increased even with inflation3. The products are old.Part Ctechnical feature: ...--almost the samePrice: ...10 to 15% more expensive than B productsMarket share: A--smaller but growing / B--larger at presentFame: A products are less well knownthan B productsProspect: A-- has more potential to survive future commercial pressures as it has a technical lead in research, good design and good marketing strategy.B-- will probably be unable to keep its present statusDecision reached: To invest in AUnit 10Text 1Exercise 1: 1. B 2. C 3. CExercise 2: 1. B 2. B 3. ACEFHIJText 2Exercise 1: 1. D 2. BExercise 2:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. T6. T7. F8. TPart C1. employment agency2. job-matching3. broke down4. essential5. frustrated6. There on the terminal screens appeared a single sentence typed in by an annoyed counselor.7. Before the laughter in the office could die down the computers blinked and sent back into action.8. It seemed that the power of the Middle East extended far beyond the oil fields.Unit 11Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. C 2. DExercise 2:1. popcorn2. successful3. $20 million4. soft drinks5. ice cream6. three7. four8. box office9. half the money10. 69%11. 89%12. a little over 3p13. $414. $3.9515. 100% moreText 2Exercise 1: 1. B 2. C 3. DExercise 2:1. falling from2. swimming3. driving4. setting fire5. fights6. from 50 meters7. 35 meters/exploring helicopter/train/tunnelPart C1. dialogue 11.c2. b2. dialogue 21. d2.d3. dialogue 3DUnit 12Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. B 2. B 3. DExercise 2:1. midnight/31,2001/new notes (new currency)2. 300 million/ changing their old currencies/15 million/ 52 million/ 646 million/ 568 million3. greater Europe/ stronger, wealthier4. championed/ peace and secruityText 2Exercise 1: 1. d 2. c 3. cExercise 2:1. when economic conditions are right2. the polls showed that many Britons oppose the euro and see it as harming Britain's sovereignty.3. because as very small retail outlets they don't have the facilities for changing currencies.4. 6.55 billion eurosPart CPAY TO THE ORDER OF Cash $ 150One Hundred and Fifty ---- EUROS ONLYUnit 13Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. C 2. BExercise 2:In the 20th century there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. One is the steady state theory, and the other, the big bang theory. According to the former, the universe has always existed and will exist forever. If this view were correct, the universe should have looked the same millions of years ago as it looks now. but astronomers have found that the old universe did not look the same as it does now. therefore, the steady state theory does not seem to be correct.The big bang theory states that the universe began in a massive explosion at a single point in space about 15 million years ago. If the statement were right, there should exist in the universe the cosmic background radiation from the explosion. Researchers have found evidence for its existence. In the 1960s, while studying radio signals from the Milky Way. researchers at Bell Labs found their work experiencing interference from every direction. They discovered that the interference turned out to be the cosmic background radiation . So the big bang theory appears to be the correct.Text 2Exercise 1:1. expanding2. gravity/ initial explosion/ in motion3. density/ matter/ universeExercise 2:1. c2. b3. d4. d5. cPart C1. Space telescope/ astronomers/ 132. eight million light-years3. universe / young4. 81/ in detail/ 13/ fragments5. orbits/ disturbed/ gravitational pull6. less/ a billion/ short7. big massive/ smaller onesUnit 14Part BText 1Exercise 1:1. The advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering.2. genetically engineered foods may be dangerous to eat.3. Carry out enough tests to ensure that genetically engineered foods are safe to eat.Exercise 2: 1. a 2. c 3. d 4. c 5. cText 2Exercise 1: 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. FExercise 2:1. genetic/ produce/ rot/ less2. process/ genes/ laboratory/ disastrous3. negative/ genetic screening/ predict/ have4. meaningless/ cure/ disease5. hereditary disease/ carefully (twice)/ children6. eugenics/ new/ harmful/ criminality7. /8. hair/ job/ hair/ medical/ refuse/ disease/ long9. absurdPart C1. Fields of God.2. On June 8 or 9.3. A mystery illness threatening the world.4. Genetically modified wheat.5. impossible.6. he had changed his stand (tune).7. Anti-GM hysteria.Unit 15Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. c 2. a 3. cExercise 2:disadvantages:1. equal pay2. small/ top executives3. higher/ family/ jobsadvantages:1. middle management2. part time jobs3.a. six/ payb. pension/ three or morec. quality/ educationd. legal/ stateappearance:elegantly/ soft/ stylish/ silk/ nails/ makeup/ jewelry capability:negotiating/ much/ maleText 2Exercise 1: 1. D 2. BExercise 2: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. T Part C1.b2.c3.d4.a5.aUnit 16Part BText 1Exercise 1: 1. a 2. cExercise 2: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. FText 2Exercise 1: 1. A 2. BExercise 2:1. The fuse went and the house was in total darkness. She realized she could no longer depend on Jim to fix things for her.2. Because everybody else looked so young.3. An old woman was also signing up for a class there to learn something new.4. He did not seem to be happy.5. Helen was totally changed and looked fantastic.Part Cdialogue I1. d2. b3. cdialogue II1. a2. d。
曼昆哈佛大学经济学原理第二章
The Economic Way of Thinking
Includes developing abstract models from theories and the analysis of the models.
The Circular Flow Model The Production Possibilities Frontier
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
The Circular-Flow Model
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
The Circular-Flow Diagram
Markets for Goods & Services Firms sell Households buy
Uses two approaches: Descriptive (reporting facts, etc.) Analytical (abstract reasoning)
Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.
Psychology
ego id
cognitive dissonance
Every field of study has its own terminology
2000年专八真题与答案详解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2000)-GRADE EIGHT-PAPER ONETIME LIMIT: 95 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [40 MIN.]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your Colored Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the talk.1.The rules for the first private library in the US were drawn up by ___.A)the legislatureB)the librarianC)John HarvardD)the faculty members2.The earliest public library was also called a subscription library becausebooks ___.A)could be lent to everyoneB)could be lent by book storesC)were lent to students and the facultyD)were lent on a membership basis3.Which of the following is NOT stated as one of the purposes of free public libraries?A)To provide readers with comfortable reading rooms.B)To provide adults with opportunities of further education.C)To serve the community's cultural and recreational needs.D)To supply technical literature on specialized subjects.4.The major difference between modem private and public libraries lies in ___.A) readership C) service B) content D) function5.The main purpose of the talk is ___.A)to introduce categories of books in US librariesB)to demonstrate the importance of US librariesC)to explain the roles of different US librariesD)to define the circulation system of US librariesSECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.6.Nancy became a taxi driver because ___.A)she owned a carB)she drove wellC)she liked drivers' uniformsD)it was her childhood dream7.According to her, what was the most difficult about becoming a taxi dr iver?A)The right sense of direction.B)The sense of judgment.C)The skill of maneuvering.D)The size of vehicles.8.What does Nancy like best about her job?A)Seeing interesting buildings in the city.B)Being able to enjoy the world of nature.C)Driving in unsettled weather.D)Taking long drives outside the city.9.It can be inferred from the interview that Nancy in a (n) ___ mother.A) uncaring C) affectionate B) strict D) permissive10.The people Nancy meets areA)rather difficult to pleaseB)rude to women driversC)talkative and generous with tipsD)different in personalitySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news i tem, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.11.The primary purpose of the US anti-smoking legislation is ___.A)to tighten control on tobacco advertisingB)to impose penalties on tobacco companiesC)to start a national anti-smoking campaignD)to ensure the health of American childrenQuestions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.12.The French President's visit to Japan aims at ___.A)making more investments in JapanB)stimulating Japanese businesses in FranceC)helping boost the Japanese economyD)launching a film festival in Japan13.This is Jacques Chirac's ___ visit to Japan.A) second C) fortiethB) fourteenth D) forty-firstQuestions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.14.Afghan people are suffering from starvation because ___.A)melting snow begins to block the mountain pathsB)the Taliban have destroyed existing food stocksC)the Taliban are hindering food deliveriesD)an emergency air-lift of food was cancelled15.people in Afghanistan are facing starvation.A) 160,000C) 1,000,000B) 16,000D) 100, 000SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will notbe marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking.Part Ⅱ PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.Part Ⅲ READING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passagesand then mark your answers on your Colored Answer Sheet.TEXT ADespite Denmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they a re to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, "Denmark is a great country." You're supposed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities, and there is plenty of money f or schools, day care, retraining programmes, job seminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs-thereis no Danish Academy to defend against it -old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes," Fe w have too much and fewer have too little, "and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It?s a nation of recyclers-about 55 % of Danish garbage gets made into something new- and no nuclear power plants. It's a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers - a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the world's cleanest and most organize d countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. "So, of course, one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings ("Foreigner s Out of Denmark! "), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it's 2 a.m. a n d there's not a car in sight. However, Danes don' t think of themselves as a wainting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people—— that's how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn't mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plentyabout bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society c an not exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn't feel bad f o r taking what you're entitled to, you're as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to geta new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.16.The author thinks that Danes adopt a ___ attitude towards their country.A) boastful C) deprecatingB) modest D) mysterious17.Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?A) Fondness of foreign culture.B) Equality in society.C) Linguistic tolerance.D) Persistent planning.18.The author's reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is ___.A)disapprovingB)approvingC)noncommittalD)doubtful19.According to the passage, Danish orderliness ___.A)sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB)spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC)is considered economically essential to the countryD)prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles20.At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that ___.A)Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB)Danes take for granted what is given to themC)the open system helps to tide the country overD)orderliness has alleviated unemploymentTEXT BBut if language habits do not represent classes, a social stratification in to something as bygone as "aristocracy" and "commons", they do still of course serve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we see in relation to political and national movements, language is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The new boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the fight words for things, and awe-inspiring pundits of six or seven look down on him for no t being aware that racksy means "dilapidated" , or hairy " out first ball ". The miner takes a certain pride in being "one up on the visitor or novice who calls the cage a "lift" or who thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their "underpants" when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hoggers. The "insider" is seldom displeased that his language distinguishes him from the "outsider".Quite apart from specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and professions, there are all kinds of standards of correctness at which mast of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invite irritation ordownright condemnation. On the other hand, we know that other kinds conveysome kind of prestige and bear a welcomecachet.In relation to the social aspects of language, it may well be suggested thatEnglish speakers fall into three categories: theassured, the anxious and theindifferent . At one end of this scale, we have the people who have "position" and"status", and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use ofEnglish. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking anunimpeachable form of English: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely t ocross their minds, and this gives their speech that characteristically unselfconsciousand easy flow which is often envied.At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable band, speakingwith a similar degree of careless ease, because even if they are aware that theirEnglish is condemned by others, they are supremelyindifferent to the fact. The Mrs.Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads, and if we happenednot to like the/r ways of saying things, well, we "can lump it ". That is their attitude.Curiously enough, writers are inclined to represent t he speech of both these extremeparties with -in' for ing. On the one hand, "we're goin' huntin', my dear sir";In between, according to this view, we have a far less fortunate group, theanxious. These actively try to suppress what they believe to be bad English andassiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live their lives insome degree of nervousnessover their grammar, their pronunciation, and theirchoice of words: sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up with theJoneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerators, cars, and clothes,but also in speech.And the misfortune of the "anxious" does not end with their inner anxiety. Theirlot is also the open or veiled contempt of the "assured" on one side of them and ofthe "indifferent" on the other.It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious. The people thusuncomfortably stilted on linguistic high heels so often form part of what is, in manyways, the most admirable section of any society: the ambitious, tense, inner-drivenpeople, who are bent on" going places and doing things". The greater the pity, then,if a disproportionate amount of their energy goes into what Mr. Sharpless called" thisshabby obsession" with variant forms of English- especially if the net result is(as sooften)merely to sound affected and ridiculous. “ Here",according to Bacon, "is thefirst distemper of learning, when men study words and not matter⋯. It seems to me that Pygmalion?s frenzy is a good emblem ⋯ of this vanity: for words axe but theimages of matter; and except they have life of reason and invention, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture."21.The attitude held by the assured towards language is ___.A) critical C) self-conscious B) anxious D) nonchalant22.The anxious are considered a less fortunate group because ___.A)they feel they are socially looked down uponB)they suffer from internal anxiety and external attackC)they are inherently nervous and anxious peopleD)they are unable to meet standards of correctness23.The author thinks that the efforts made by the anxious to cultivate w hat they believe is good English are ___.A) worthwhileB) meaningless C) praiseworthyD) irrationalTEXT CFred Cooke of Salford turned 90 two days ago and the world has been beatinga path to his door. If you haven't noticed, the backstreet boy educated at Blackpool grammar styles himself more grandly as Alastair Cooke, broadcaster extraordinaire. An honorable KBE, he would be Sir Alastair if he had not taken American citizenship more than half a century ago.If it sounds snobbish to draw attention to his humble origins, it should be reflected that the real snob is Cooke himself, who has spent a lifetime disguising them. But the fact that he opted to renounce his British passport in 1941 - just when his country needed all the wartime help it could get-is hardly a matter for congratulation.Cooke has made a fortune out of his love affair with America, entrancing listeners with a weekly monologue that has won Radio 4 many devoted adherents. Part of the pull is the developed drawl. This is the man who gave the world "midatlantic", the language of the disc jockey and public relations man.He sounds American to us and English to them, while in reality he has for decades belonged to neither. Cooke's world is an America that exists largely in the imagination. He took ages to acknowledge the disaster that was Vietnam and even longer to wake up to Watergate. His politics have drifted to the right with age, and most of his opinions have been acquired on the golf course with fellow celebrities.He chased after stars on arrival in America, Fixing up an interview with Charlie Chaplin and briefly becoming his friend. He told Cooke he could turn him into a fine light comedian; instead he is an impressionist's dream.Cooke liked the sound of his first wife's name almost as much as he admired her good looks. But he found bringing up baby difficult and left her for the wife of his landlord.the fact that 4% of women in the American armed forces were raped showed remarkable self-restraint on the part of Uncle Sam's soldiers. His arrogance in not allowing BBC editors to see his script in advance worked, not for the first time, to his detriment. His defenders said he could not help living with the 1930s values he had acquired and somewhat dubiously went on to cite "gallantry" as chief among them. Cooke's raconteur style encouraged a whole generation of BBC men to think of themselves as more important than the story. His treacly tones were the mo del for the regular World Service reports From Our Own Correspondent, known as FOOCs in the business. They may yet be his epitaph.24.At the beginning of the passage the writer sounds critical of ___.A)Cooke's obscure originsB)Cooke's broadcasting styleC)Cooke's American citizenshipD)Cooke's fondness of America25.The following adjectives can be suitably applied to Cooke EXCEPT ___.A) old-fashioned C) arrogantD) popularB)sincere26.The writer comments on Cooke's life and career in a slightly ___ tone.A) ironic C) scathing B) detached D) indifferentTEXT DMr. Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his window on the cheerless evening landscape. The river lay quiet beside the empty distillery and from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan Road. What an end! The whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. The cautious words of a reporter won over to conceal the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stomach. Not merely had she degraded herself, she had degraded him. His soul's companion! He thought ofthe hobbling wretches whom he had seen carrying cans and bottles to be filled by the barman. Just God, what an end! Evidently she had been unfit to live, without any strength of purpose, an easy prey to habits, one of the wrecks on which civilizationhas been reared. But that she could have sunk so low! Was it possible he had deceived himself so utterly about her? He remembered her outburst of that night and interpreted it in a harsher sense than he had ever done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.As the light failed and his memory began to wander he thought her handtouched his. The shock which had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his nerves. He put on his overcoat and hat quickly and went out. The cold air met him on the threshold; it crept into the sleeves of his coat. When he came to the public houseat Chapel Bridge he went in and ordered a hot punch.The proprietor served him obsequiously but did not venture to talk. There were five or six working-men in the shop discussing the value of a gentleman's e state in County Kildare. They drank at intervals from their huge pint tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots. Mr. Duffy sat on his stool and gazed at them, without seeing o r hearing them. After a while they went out and he called for another punch. He sat a long time over it. The shop was very quiet. The proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the newspaper and yawning. Now and again a tram was heard swishing along the lonely road outside.As he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images on which he now conceived her, he realized that she was dead, that s he had ceased to exist, that she had become a memory. He began to feel ill at ea se. He asked himself what else could he have done. He could not have lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How was he to blame? Now that s he was gone he understood how lonely her life must have been, sitting night after night alone in that room. His life would be lonely too until he, too, died, ceased to exist, became a memory-if anyone remembered him.27.Mr. Duffy's immediate reaction to the report of the woman's death was that of___.A) disgustB) guilt C) griefD) compassion28.It can be inferred from the passage that the reporter wrote about the woman's death in a ___ manner.A) detailed B) provocativeC) discreet D) sensational29.We can infer from the last paragraph that Mr. Duffy was in a(n) ___ mood.A) angry C) irritable B) fretful D) remorseful30.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT t rue?A)Mr. Duffy once confided in the woman.B)Mr. Duffy felt an intense sense of shame.C)The woman wanted to end the relationship.D)They became estranged probably after a quarrel.SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING ( 10 MIN)In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple -choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on the Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT EFirst read the following question.31.In the passage Bill Gates mainly discusses ___.A)a person's opportunity of a lifetimeB)the success of the computer industryC)the importance of educationD)high school education in the USNow go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 31.Hundreds of students send me e-mail each year asking for advice about education. They want to know what to study, or whether it's OK to drop out of college since that's what I did.My basic advice is simple and heartfelt." Get the best education you can. Take advantage of high school and college. Learn how to learn."It's true that I dropped out of college to start Microsoft, but I was at Harvard for three years before dropping out-and I'd love to have the time to go b a ck. As I've said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime. And even then they should reconsider.The computer industry has lots of people who didn't finish college, but I 'm not aware of any success stories that began with somebody dropping out of high school.I actually don't know any high school dropouts, let alone any successful ones.In my company's early years we had a bright part-time programmer who threatened to drop out of high school to work full-time. We told him no.Quite a few of our people didn't finish college, but we discourage dropping out.College isn't the only place where information exists. You can learn in a library. But somebody handing you a book doesn't automatically foster learning. Y o u want to learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and have a way to test your ability. It usually takes more than just a book.Education should be broad, although it's fine to have deep interests, too.In high school there were periods when I was highly focused on writing soft ware, but for most of my high school years I had wide-ranging academic interests. My parents encouraged this, and I'm grateful that they did.One parent wrote me that her 15-year old son "lost himself in the hole of t he computer. ” He got an A in Web site design, but other grades were sinking, she said.This boy is making a mistake. High school and college offer you the best chance to learn broadly-math, history, various sciences-and to do projects with other kids that teach you firsthand about group dynamics. It's fine to take a deep interest in computers, dance, language or any other discipline, but not if it jeopardizes breadth.In college it's appropriate to think about specialization. Getting real expertise in an area of interest can lead to success. Graduate school is one way t o get specialized knowledge. Choosing a specialty isn't something high school students should worry about. They should worry about getting a strong academic start.There's not a perfect correlation between attitudes in high school and success in later life, of course. But it's a real mistake not to take the opportunity to learn a huge range of subjects, to learn to work with people in high school, and to get the grades that will help you get into a good college.TEXT FFirst read the following question.32.The passage focuses on ___.A)the history and future of LondonB)London?s manufacturing skillsC)London's status as a financial centrerD)the past and present roles of LondonNow go through Text F quickly and answer question 32.What is London for? To put the question another way, why was London, by 190 0, incomparably the largest city in the world, which it remained until the bombardments of the Luftwaffe? There could be many answers to this question, but any history of London will rehearse three broad explanations. One is the importance of its life as aport. When the Thames turned to ice in February 1855, 50,000 men were put out of work, and there were bread riots from those whose liveliboods had been frozen with the river. Today, the Thames could be frozen for a year with out endangering the livelihoods of any but a few pleasure-boatmen.The second major cause of London's wealth and success was that it was easily the biggest manufacturing centre in Europe. At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Dutch looms and the stocking knitting frame were first pioneered in London. The vast range of London's manufacturing skills is another fact; almost any item you can name was manufactured in London during the days of its prosperity. In 1851, 13.75 percent of the manufacturing work-force of Great Britain was based in London. By 1961, this had dramatically reduced. By 1993, there were a mere328,000 Londoners engaged in manufacturing. In other words, by our own time s, two of the chief reasons for London's very existence-its life as a pert and as a centre of manufacture-had dwindled out of existence.London's third great function, since the seventeenth century, has been that of national and international bourse: the exchange of stocks and shares, banking, commerce and, increasingly, insurance. Both In wood and Francis Sheppard, in London: A history, manage to make these potentially dry matters vivid to the general reader, and both authors assure us that "The City" in the financial sense is still as important as ever it was. Both, however, record the diminution of the City as an architectural and demographic entity, with the emptying of many city offices (since the advent of the computer much of the work can be done anywhere) and the removal of many distinctive landmarks.TEXT GFirst read the following question.33.The primary purpose of the passage is to ___.A)discuss the impact of the internetB)forecast the future roles of the bookstoreC)compare the publisher with the editorD)evaluate the limitations of the printed pageNow go through TEXT G quickly and answer question 33.Since the advent of television people have been prophesying the death of the book. Now the rise of the World Wide Web seems to have revived this smoldering controversy from the ashes. The very existence of paper copy has been broughtinto question once more. It might be the bookstore, rather than the book itself, thatis on the brink of extinction. Many of you will have noted tom of bookseller websites。
面向烟草产业链的信用支付系统
2021年第3期信China Computer&Communication敬件卄农与京用面向烟草产业链的信用支付系统施志晖潘贵棣严一新(江苏苏宁银行股份有限公司，江苏南京210000)摘要：在当前的烟草公司订单结算中，主要采取银行卡代扣的形式。
如果代扣失败，烟草公司视为无效订单，零售户也就失去一次订烟的机会，从而造成零售户短暂无烟可卖的局面.为解决实际困难，江苏苏宁银行设计一种面向烟草产业链的信用支付系统，以交易信用为纽带，为供应商和零售终端提供以快速结算为前提的赊销担保服务，让供应商实时拿到货款甚至预收货款，同时给零售终端账期，促使将小订单转化成大订单，从而不影响零售订单客户的日常经营。
关键词：烟草产业链；信用；支付；订单中图分类号：TP311.13文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-9767(2021)03-101-04A Credit Payment System for the Tobacco Industry ChainSHI Zhihui,PAN Guidi,YAN Yixin(Jiangsu Suning Bank Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing Jiangsu210000,China)Abstract：In the current order settlement of tobacco companies,the form of bank card deduction is mainly adopted.If the withholding fails,the tobacco company regards the order as an invalid order,and the retailer will lose an opportunity to order cigarettes,resulting in a temporary situation where the retailer can sell cigarettes without smoking.In order to solve practical difficulties,Jiangsu Suning Bank designed a credit payment system for the tobacco industry chain.With transaction credit as the link, it provides suppliers and retail terminals with credit sales guarantee services on the premise of fast settlement,so that suppliers can receive payment in real time.Even the advance payment,while giving the retail terminal account period,promotes the conversion of small orders into large orders,so as not to affect the daily operations of retail order customers.Keywords：tobacco industry chain;credit;payment;order0引言目前，烟草公司在订单结算中主要采取银行卡代扣的形式，即先收钱后发货。
法南公司生产的马胶类产品说明书
EPA REG. No. 270-251 EPA Est. No. 2724-TX-1Manufactured for:Farnam COmPanIES, InC. 1501 East Woodfield Road 200WSchaumburg, IL 60173 • Product Code: 3002221 • RM#: 300518057 15-20018©2008, 2009, 2015 Farnam Companies, Inc. Endure, RepeLock, Farnam with design and Your Partner in Horse Care are trademarks of Farnam Companies, Inc.PrECaUTIOnarY STaTEmEnTSHaZarDS TO HUmanS anD DOmESTIC anImaLSCaUTIOnHUmanS: Harmful if inhaled. Avoid breathing spray mist. Causes moderate eye irritation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing. Prolonged or frequently repeated skin contact may cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Wear long-sleeved shirt and long pants, socks and shoes, and chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof material.HOrSES: Do not allow product to contact animal’s eyes, nose, mouth, or sores during application. Do not use on foals under 12 weeks. Use only in well-ventilated Er SaFETY rECOmmEnDaTIOnS:• Users should wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet.• Users should remove clothing/PPE immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing.• Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing.FIrST aID If inhaled• Move person to fresh air.• If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably by mouth-to-mouth, if possible.• Call a poison control center or doctor for further treatment advice.If in eyes• Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 minutes.• Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye.• Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice.If on skin or clothing • Take off contaminated clothing.• Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes.• Call a poison control center or doctor immediately for treatment advice.If swallowed• Call a poison control center or doctor immediately for treatment advice.• Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow.• Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by the poison control center or doctor.• Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.In case of medical emergencies or health and safety inquiries or in case of fire, leaking or damaged containers, or for product use information, call 800-234-2269.Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor, or going for treatment.ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDSThis product is extremely toxic to fish and aquatic vertebrates. To protect the environment, d o not allow pesticide to enter or run off into storm drains, drainage ditches, gutters or surface waters. Applying this product in calm weather when rain is not predicted for the next 24 hours will help to ensure that wind or rain does not blow or wash pesticide off the treatment area.FOr USE On HOrSES anD POnIESReady-to-use ENDURE ®SWEAT-RESISTANT FLY SPRAY FOR HORSES insecticide/r epellent/sunscreen formula provides repellency, quick knock-down & long lasting protection from flies, gnats, and mosquitoes. Unique formulation stays active and eeps work ing even in wet conditions and when the horse sweats. The special sunscreening agent in this product protects against both forms of the sun’s harmful ultra-violet rays.Rinsing application equipment over the treated area will help avoid run off to water bodies or drainage systems. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds while bees are actively visiting the treatment area.DIRECTIONS FOR USEIt is a violation of Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling.Do not use in outdoor residential misting systems. Do not allow adults, children, or pets to enter the treated area or contact treated surfaces until sprays have dried. Do not apply this product in a way that will contact any person or pet, either directly or through drift. Keep people and pets out of the area during application. Exit area immediately and remain outside the treated area until sprays have dried. Use only in well-ventilated areas.Not for use on horses or foals intended for slaughter. Shake well before using. To protect horses from horse flies, house flies, stable flies, face flies, horn flies, deer flies, gnats, mosquitoes, lice, ticks and deer ticks that may transmit Lyme disease. Thoroughly brush the horse’s coat prior to application to remove loose dirt and debris. For dirty horses, shampoo and rinse thoroughly. Wait until the coat is completely dry before applying ENDURE ® SWEAT-RESISTANT FLY SPRAY FOR HORSES . Its unique water-resistant formula contains a special conditioner that binds to the hair shaft so it keeps working even in moist conditions or when the horse sweats. Do not use more than 11 oz per animal. Do not spray product when food is present.This product may be applied either as a spray or as a wipe. For horse’s face, always apply as a wipe using a piece of clean, absorbent cloth toweling or sponge. Wear rubber glove or mitt when applying as a wipe. Spray or wipe horse’s entire body while brushing against the lay of the coat to insure adequate coverage. Avoid getting spray into horse’s eyes, nose, or mouth.Application should be liberal for best results. Reapply every 5 to 7 days under normal conditions for initial applications. As protection builds, reapply every 10 to 14 days as needed. Also, reapply each time animal is washed or exposed to heavy rain.STOraGE anD DISPOSaLDo not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. PESTICIDE STOraGE: Store in original container in a dry place inaccessible to children and pets. If a leaky container must be contained within another, mark the outer container to identify the contents. Store pesticides away from food, pet food, seed, fertilizers, and veterinary supplies. PESTICIDE DISPOSaL anD COnTaInEr HanDLInG: Nonrefillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. If empty: Place in trash or offer for recycling if available. If partly filled: Call your local solid waste agency for disposal instructions. Never place unused product down any indoor or outdoor drain.Buyer assumes all risk of use, storage or handling of this product not in strict accordance with directions given herein.Your Partner in Horse Care ™。
抽烟的相关事件作文英语
Smoking has been a topic of discussion for many years,with various events and incidents highlighting its impact on society.Here are some related events and their implications:1.The Surgeon Generals Report1964:This was a landmark event that linked smoking to health hazards,including lung cancer and heart disease.The report led to increased awareness and the eventual introduction of warning labels on cigarette packages.2.Ban on Tobacco Advertising1970s:The United States banned cigarette advertising on television and radio in1970.This was a significant event as it limited the exposure of tobacco products to the public,especially children and young adults.3.World No Tobacco Day1987:Established by the World Health Organization,this annual event on May31st aims to raise awareness about the dangers of tobacco use and advocate for effective policies to reduce tobacco consumption.4.The Master Settlement Agreement1998:This was a legal agreement between the U.S. states and the major tobacco companies.It led to significant financial settlements and restrictions on tobacco marketing,including a ban on billboard advertising.5.SmokeFree Legislation Various Years:Many countries and states have implemented laws to create smokefree environments in public places,workplaces,and restaurants. These laws have been crucial in reducing secondhand smoke exposure and encouraging smokers to quit.6.Graphic Warning Labels2001:Canada was the first country to introduce graphic warning labels on cigarette packages,depicting the harmful effects of smoking.This has since been adopted by many other countries to shock and educate smokers about the risks.7.ECigarette Explosion2019:The rise of ecigarettes and vaping has brought new challenges to tobacco control.The U.S.experienced a lung injury outbreak related to ecigarette use,or vaping,which highlighted the potential risks of these products.8.COVID19Pandemic and Smoking2020:The pandemic has brought to light the potential increased risk of severe COVID19outcomes for smokers due to the adverse effects of smoking on lung health and the immune system.9.Tobacco Industry Litigation:There have been numerous lawsuits against tobacco companies for their deceptive marketing practices and the harm caused by their products. These legal battles have resulted in significant financial penalties and increasedtransparency requirements.10.Youth Smoking Prevention Programs:Various educational and awareness programs have been implemented worldwide to prevent youth from starting to smoke.These initiatives often involve schoolbased education,community outreach,and media campaigns.Each of these events has contributed to the ongoing narrative about smoking,its effects on health,and the efforts to reduce its prevalence.As society continues to grapple with the consequences of tobacco use,these events serve as reminders of the importance of tobacco control policies and public health initiatives.。
翻译辅导练习4、5
翻译辅导练习 4Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation onthe ANSWER SHEET.Anyone who has roomed with a noisy person, worked in a noisy office or tried tostudy with a party going on in the next room can attest to the e f fects of noise on one’s level of stress. Noise has been found to be related to job dissatisfaction and to result in irritation and anxiety. One expert describes noise as the most troublesome of all stresses in our environment. Most disturbing is noise that constantly changes in pitch, intensity or frequency. We may become used to more common noise and almostignore it. People, who live near airports for example, seem to not even hear the planesafter a while. However, just because you become accustomed to the noise or are ableto tune it out doesn’t mean you are not being affected by it. Noise is measured in decibels. At 85 decibels, stress responses usually develop, and prolonged exposure to sounds above 90 decibels can result in hearing damage.翻译辅导练习 5Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation onthe ANSWER SHEET.Globally, most smokers start smoking before the age of 18, with almost a quarterof those beginning before the age of 10. The younger children are when they first try smoking, the more likely they are to become regular tobacco users and the less likelythey are to quit.A strong link between advertising and smoking in young people has been proven.The more aware and appreciative young people are of tobacco advertising, the morelikely they are to smoke or say they intend to. As a result, the tobacco industry spends billions of dollars worldwide each year spreading its marketing net as widely as possible to attract young customers. Tobacco companies market their productswherever youth can be easily accessed-in the movies, on the Internet, in fashion magazines, and at music concerts and sports events.In response to this threat, World No Tobacco Day 2008 campaigns for a total ban on all forms of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship by the tobacco industry.。
Tobacco
This is the VOA Special English Health Report.Tobacco companies are fighting efforts in the United States and Australia to make their products less appealing.In Washington, a federal（联邦(制)的，联邦政府的）judge last week blocked the Food and Drug Administration from requiring new warning labels on cigarette packs. Judge Richard Leon ruled in a case brought by five tobacco companies.The judge temporarily stopped a new federal rule to require large new warnings starting next September. These include color images such as a dead body or diseased lungs.Simple text warnings now appear.Congress called for color images showing the dangers of smoking, similar to what Canada does. But the tobacco companies say the new requirements approved in June violate（违反，违背；）their free speech rights guaranteed by the Constitution.Judge Leon said the FDA could not require the new labels before a lawsuit against the government is decided. Some experts say the process could take years. The judge said he believes the cigarette makers are highly likely to win their case.He says the images are designed to appeal to emotion, rejecting government arguments that they are purely factual. He accused the government of trying to use the labels to promote an "obvious anti-smoking agenda!（议事日程）"The head of an anti-smoking group, the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, called the decision "wrong on the science and wrong on the law."About one-fifth of American adults smoke. The World Health Organization says tobacco kills nearly six million people worldwide each year. More than six hundred thousand of them are non-smokers who breathe other people's tobacco smoke.In Australia, tobacco companies want to stop what would be the world's most restrictive laws on cigarette advertising. Cigarettes could be sold only in plain olive-green packages(包装). Only the brand name and health warnings could appear.The Senate passed the bill last week and sent it back to the lower house to approve minor （较小的；次要的）amendments（改正，修正）. The law is to go into effect in December of next year.Tobacco companies say the legislation violates the Australian constitution. They say it would unjustly reduce the value of their brand names and trademarks. Health Minister Nicola Roxon says the government is ready for a legal fight.NICOLA ROXON: "Every time a smoker -- twenty or thirty times a day -- takes a cigarette pack out of their pocket, we want to make sure that all that it's showing is the harm that can be caused from tobacco. This law will be a big win for families who have lost a loved one to tobacco-related illness."And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. I'm Faith Lapidus.。
大学英语英语四级练习卷+答案 (4)
大学英语四级试练习卷一、阅读理解阅读理解（一）Passage1World's Nonsmokers Take up Fight for Cleaner AirIn country after country,talk of nonsmokers'rights is in the air. This fresh voice is heard from Australia to Sweden.Its force is freeing clean air for nonsmokers—and tightening the situation for smokers.In west Germany,for instance,taxi drivers—known for their independence—post signs saying"Nicht Raucher"(nonsmoker)and may refuse passengers who insist on smoking...Bans in Poland prevent smoking in factories,offices,snack bars,and other public places...And Venezuelans can be fined$230to$1,000for smoking in supermarkets, buses,and numerous other places.Many countries also are moving in step to limit tobacco promotion(despite a7percent jump in world tobacco production last year)and eliminate the"false claims of the glorification(美化)of smoking as a habit..."says Jean de Moerloose of the United Nations World Health Organization.While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet,some 30nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking abuse. Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers,or to cut cigarette consumption.In many developing nations,however,cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress—and is even encouraged."While it appears that in developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has become stabilized,there are some indications that it is still rising at a steady pace in Latin America,"says Dr.Daniel J.Joly, an adviser to the Pan American Health Organization.Despite progress in segregating(隔离)nonsmokers and smokers,most countries see little change in the number of smokers.In fact,there is a jump in the number of girls and young women starting to smoke.As more tobacco companies go international,new markets are sought to gain new smokers in developing countries.For example,great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africa—where U.S.tobacco exports increased by more than 27percent last year,according the U.S.Foreign Agriculture Service. So far,any cooperation between tobacco interests and governments' campaigns against smoking has been in the area of tobacco advertising.Restrictions on cigarette ads,plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places,are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing(限制)smoking.But world attention also is focusing on other steps which will:—make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit by publicizing public awareness of the decline of socialacceptability of smoking.(This method is receiving strong support in the U.S.and other countries.)—prevent pro-smoking scenes on television and films.—remove cigarette vending machines.—provide support for those who want to kick the habit of smoking.—make it illegal to sell or hand over tobacco products to minors and prohibit smoking in meeting places for young people.—boost cigarette prices with higher tobacco taxes—and use the money for antismoking campaigns.At a June UN conference on smoking,a goal set by Sir George E.Godber, chairman of the expert committee on smoking and health for the World Health Organization,stated"We may not have eliminated cigarette smoking:completely by the end of this century,but we ought to have reached a position where relatively few addicts still use cigarettes,but only in private at most in the company of consenting adults."NATIONS ATTEMPT SOLUTIONSHere are brief sketches of major or unique attempts around the world to insure nonsmokers'right to smoke-free air and to help smokers quit. SWEDENAn ambitious,concerted plan to raise a nation of nonsmokers is being implemented by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare.Swedish children born after1975will grow up in environments that will be nonsmoking and antismoking as much as possible.General cigarette consumption will cut from1,700cigarettes a year per person to1920level of under300cigarettes a year,according to the25-year plan.A campaign to restrict tobacco advertising,raise cigarette prices to over$2a pack,remove cigarette vending machines by1979,ban pro-smoking content infilms and television programs,restrict public smoking, and give intensiveantismoking education in schools and the military,will promote the goal of asociety which"should be so unfavourable toward smoking that smoking could not arise once again as a major factor harmful to public health. "By Swedish law,life-insurance premiums(保险费)are lowered for nonsmokers.WEST GERMANYAn image-reversing advertising campaign began a few years ago in West Germany whereby it is the nonsmoker who is shown to be living the swinging life previously claimed by the cigarette addict.A government-sponsored program to warn the public about the dangers of smoking includes an attempt to encourage consideration of the nonsmokerat work and in public places.Tobacco television ads were stopped in1973.But there are no firm plans at the federal level to ban smoking in public places,although it is being considered as a legislative proposal. Health experts say that the legally required warning on cigarette packages in the United States has not helped.Hence there are strong doubts about strict laws in the whole area of smoking.The governing idea here is to encourage consideration of others.But this angle of attack(moral persuasion)does not rule out legislation.In two of Germany's11states there are laws to protect public employees who do not smoke from their smoking fellow workers."Smoke breaks"are used to separate the smokers and nonsmokers."The nonsmoker today is just as much or more respected than the smoker. "Says one health official,"and this is a success in itself."GREAT BRITAINA television advertising ban in1965,a health warning on tobacco packages begun in1971,a20percent price rise on cigarettes in1974, and a constant campaign to isolate pubic smoking in airlines,trains,and other public places have fuelled a forceful antismoking and nonsmokers' program in Britain.In Ireland,an advertising code bans adsemphasizing the pleasure of smoking,featuring conventional heroes of the young as smokers,or implying that it is less harmful tosmoke one brand than another.UNITED STATESU.S.airlines are subject to$1,000fines for failing to provide a smoke free seat for any passenger who wants one.The Interstate Commerce Commission has made"no smoking"the rule,rather than the exception,on all interstate passenger trains and buses.The Military segregates smokers and no longer distributes cigarette in C rations.A growing number of restaurants now offer separate areas for nonsmokers.A ban on television and radio cigarette ads,health warnings and restrictions on public smoking in many states and cities make the United States a participant in world nonsmoking and antismoking efforts.The number of U.S.nonsmokers is rising as well.1.With the world's efforts,more and more smokers have realized the harmful effect of smoking on environment.2.30countries have introduced legislation to restrict smoking,though little has been done in most other countries.3.The total number of smokers decreases while the number of female smokers increases in most countries.4.Smokers in Latin America consume more cigarettes than in developed countries.5.The improved economic situation in developing countries is the explanation of the rising number of smokers there.6.Both Sweden and Great Britain raised cigaretteis brought up.If an individual is handicapped(不利)environmentally,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark.Being identical,the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same.When the twins were three months old,their parents died,and they were placed in separate foster(抚养) homes.Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities.Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college.He was read to as a child, sent to good schools,and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens,when they were given tests to measure their intelligence.Mark's I.Q.was125,twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.Given equal opportunities,the twins,having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.21.This selection can best be titled____________.A.Measuring Your IntelligenceB.Intelligence and EnvironmentC.The Case of Peter and MarkD.How the BrainInfluences Intelligence22.The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that_______.A.human brains differ considerablyB.the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenceD.persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence23.According to the passage,the average I.Q.is_______.A.85.B. 100C.110D. 12524.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that_______.A.individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same levelB.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his environmentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD.changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain25.This passage suggests that an individual's I.Q._______.A.can be predicted at birthB.stays the same throughout his lifeC.can be increased by educationD.is determined by his childhoodPassage4As a reliable travel agency,we really do try to describe our centers and accommodation as realistically as possible.All our Super Centers and Main Centers have been extensively investigated during the winter season 1975-1976.As a result we have first-hand information on the way in which hotels,life networks and ski schools,etc.operate during the season. We have not been able to investigate,at first hand,all our Independent Centers during the last season but all have been visited during the past three seasons.Should you need any more information about these centers we will try to get it for you.Our American centers have been investigated on our behalf by United Airlines Tours Department and by the U.S.tour operators who are assisting United and ourselves to offer you this novel program to the United States.Where possible we have eliminated the use of superlatives from the text(possibly making our brochure(小册子)less attractive to read than it might be)and have concentrated on as accurate a description as possible. Nevertheless you should bear in mind that your opinion and the opinion of our investigator might differ and there may be changes between the time of a visit by our investigator and the visit of one of our customers.We trust that it is evident to you that we have done all in our powerto eliminate misdescription and that there really is no question of misrepresenta-tion on our part—either careless or otherwise.We welcome your constructive criticism—it is the best way we know of improving our brochures and our service.Although complaints are very expensive to handle,your complaint or criticism will be thoroughly investigated anda refund(退赔)made if it is justified—none will be made if it isn't.26.The firm claims that all its winter sports centers have been the recent target ofA.a program of personal visitsB.intensive enquiries about facilitiesC.attempts to increase hotel accommodationD.an improved information service27.The"Independent Centers"were personally inspected_______.A.the year before lastB.three years agoC.between1975and1976D.within the last three seasons28.The program of tours to the United States appears to be_______.A.a new collaboration with U.S.travel firmsB.newly taken over by U.S.tour operationsC.a new independent ventureanized by United Airlines29.Their brochure would be more attractive to read,they say,if_______.A.it were less truthfulB.it used fewer superlativesC.it eliminated descriptionD.it were more encouraged30.The firm's claim is that their program is improved by_______.A.helpful fault-finding by customersB.attractive description of the centers in every brochureC.a standard policy of prompt repaymentD.careful control of the hotels阅读理解（二）Villagers in Koh Samui yesterday criticized state authorities for their failure to stop illegal deforestation on the resort island.The villagers in Bor Phut said they had seen a group of men take chainsaws to a forest on Khao Duang Nok mountain near Samui airport.They believe the men are falling trees to clear the land for a construction project.“We’ve heard the sound of saws working,”said a villager.The mountain’s steep slopemade it difficult for the villagers to get into the forest to see the men at work.However,they said traces(痕迹)of deforestation were apparent.One villager said he reported the matter to state authorities,asking them to take legal action,but to no avail.Khao Duang Nok has been under the spotlight after the Natural Resources and Environment Ministry investigated the matter.A businessman was charged with having occupied49rai of land with false land documents and many land officials were arranged to leave the area during the investigation in connection with landscandals(丑闻)in a project known as“The Peak”.Koh Samui district chief Decha Kangsanant has ordered a stop to any development activities on Khao Duang Nok until the investigation results are released.However,the villagers said nothing has been done to stop deforestation.Sunthorn Watcharakuldirok,director of the Forestry Department,said the group of men entered the forest two weeks ago after forestry officials returned from their inspection.The fact that the men remained fearless showed that it was the work of influential people who were challenging state power,he said.His department is planning to arrest all the men.1．The underlined phrase“to no avail”in the2nd paragraph means. A．in vainB．in astonishment C．without permission D．without delay2．Villagers failed to see the men cutting down the trees in a forest because.A．the traces of deforestation were apparentB．the authorities forbade them to go thereC．the mountain blocked their viewsD．the road to the forest is not easy to take3．is a person not a place.A．Koh SamuiB．Bor PhutC．Khao Duang Nok D．Decha Kangsanant4．It is obvious that.A．the activity of falling trees is going onB．the authorities have arrested some criminalsC．the group observes the order of the authoritiesD．the activities on Khao Duang Nok have stopped5．The news report mainly tells us.A．illegal activities were on the moveB．some officials involved in the land scandalsC．the villagers blamed the authorities for the illegal deforestation D．the villagers were angry at the businessman二、完型填空完型填空（一）Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that goes into the collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo.One of the questions that is always asked of me is(1)I becamean animal collector in the first(2).The answer is that I have always been interested inanimals and zoos.According to my parents,the first word I was able to say with any(3)was not the conventional“mamma”or“daddy”,(4)the word“zoo”,which I would(5)over and over again with a shrill(6)until someone,in groups to(7)me up,would take me to the zoo.When I(8)a little older,welived in Greece and I had a great(9)of pets,ranging from owls to seahorses,and I spent all my sparetime(10)the countryside in search of fresh specimens to(11)to my collection of pets.(12)on I went fora year to the City Zoo,as a student(13), to get experience of the large animals,such as lions,bears,bison and ostriches,(14)were not easy to keep at home.When I left,I(15)had enough money of myown to be able to(16)my first trip and I have been going(17)ever since then.Though a collector's jobis not an easy one and is full of(18),it is certainly a job which will appeal(19)all those who loveanimals and(20).1.A.how B.where C.when D.whether2.A.region B.field C.place D.case3.A.clarity B.emotion C.sentiment D.affection4.A.except B.but C.except for D.but for5.A.recite B.recognize C.read D.repeat6.A.volume B.noise C.voice D.pitch7.A.close B.shut C.stop fort8.A.grew B.was growing C.grow D.grown9.A.many B.amount C.number D.supply10.A.living B.cultivating C.reclaiming D.exploring11.A.increase B.include C.add D.enrichter B.further C.then D.subsequently13.A.attendant B.keeper C.member D.aide14.A.who B.they C.of which D.which15.A.luckily B.gladly C.nearly D.successfully16.A.pay B.provide C.allow D.finance17.A.normally B.regularly ually D.often18.A.expectations B.sorrows C.excitement D.disappointments19.A.for B.with C.to D.from20.A.excursion B.travel C.journey D.Trip完型填空（二）To others and themselves the British have a reputation for being conservative——not in the narrowpolitical sense,but in the sense of adherence to accepted ideas and unwilling to question them.Thereputation comes partly from their1.For9002they have suffered3invasion nor revolution(except in164941688)nor disastrous defeat in5.Their monarchy(君主政体)survives6serious question.Underits normal7 political arrangements have been8stable that,except for the9 interruptions in theseventeenth10,they have been adopted throughout11centuries to meet changing needs without violent12.Britain,in1978, was13in managing without14written constitution;some fragmentary definitionsof1688still15.There had been16quarrels,social and economic as well17political,but the quarrelshad been18,usually19 compromise.The underlying20had not been broken.nguage B.future C.history D.literature2.A.centuries B.years C.minutes D.seconds3.A.neither B.as C.or D.either4.A.too B.but C.or D.and5.A.home B.study C.peace D.war6.A.and B.without C.with D.neither B.people C.leadership D.enemy8.A.so B.very C.too D.such9.A.two B.one C.no D.couple10.A.month B.day C.year D.century11.A.a B.any C.the D.few12.A.changes B.change C.altered D.changedmon B.popular C.unique D.angry14.A.two B.a C.some D.their15.A.survive B.surviving C.survives D.survived16.A.bitter B.happy C.pleasant D.unhappy17.A.for B.as C.to D.at18.A.settling B.settles C.settle D.settled19.A.for B.at C.to D.by20.A.continue B.continuity C.continuous D.continued完型填空（三）Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally,therefore,the choice of an__1__should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school.Actually,__2_-_,most people make several job choices during their working lives,__3__because of economic and Industrial changes and partly to improve__4__position.The"one perfect job"does not exist.Young people should__5__entersintosa broad flexible training program that will__6__them for a field of work rather than for a single__7__.Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans__8__benefit of help form a competent vocational counselor or psychologist.Knowing__9__about the occupational world,or themselves for that matter,they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss __10__.Some drift from job to jo B.Others__11__to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitte D.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for__12__real or imagined prestige.Too many high-school students-or their parents for them-choose the professional field,__13__both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal__14__.The imagined or real prestige of a profession or aWhite-collar"job is__15__good reason for choosing it as life's work. __16__,these occupations are not always well pai D.Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work,the__17__of young people should give serious__18__to these fields.Before making an occupational choice,a person should have a general idea of what he wants __19__life and how hard he is willing to work to get it.Some people desire social prestige,others intellectual satisfaction.Some want security;others are willing to take__20__for financial gain.Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.1.A.identification B.entertainment C.accommodation D.occupation2.A.however B.therefore C.though D.thereby3.A.entirely B.mainly C.partly D.his4.A.its B.his C.our D.their5.A.since B.therefore C.furthermore D.forever6.A.make B.fit C.take D.leave7.A.job B.way C.means pany8.A.to B.for C.without D.with9.A.little B.few C.much D.a lot10.A.chance B.basis C.purpose D.opportunity11.A.apply B.appeal C.stick D.turn12.A.our B.its C.your D.their13.A.concerning B.following C.considering D.disregarding14.A.preferences B.requirements C.tendencies D.ambitions15.A.a B.any C.no D.the16.A.Therefore B.However C.Nevertheless D.Moreover17.A.majority B.mass C.minority D.multitude18.A.proposal B.suggestion C.consideration D.appraisal19.A.towards B.against C.out of D.without20.A.turns B.parts C.choices D.risks三、翻译1、所有的窗户都开着，他就睡着了。
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United States of America
Philip Morris International New York, NY Altria Group/Philip Morris USA Richmond, VA
Portugal
Spain
Italy
Uzbekistan —Azerbaijan Turkmenistan
An na G i l mo re, U ni ver s i t y o f B a t h , U K, 2 0 1 1
Cigarette Market Share
Sweden Norway United Kingdom Ireland
British American Tobacco London, Estonia Latvia Lithuania
Market Share
!
Philip Morris International leads the cigarette market in volume of cigarettes and is “the most profitable publicly traded tobacco company in the world."
—Trinidad & Ten
Thailand
Viet Nam
Sudan
Ghana Côte d’Ivoire Togo
Cambodia
Costa Rica Panama
Venezuela Colombia
Nigeria
Cameroon
Ethiopia
Sri Lanka
tobacco companies
Jordan Iraq —Israel Kuwait—
Isl. Rep. of Iran
Pakistan
Nepal Bangladesh
China
Japan Tobacco/ Japan Tobacco International Tokyo
Egypt Saudi Arabia
Zambia
Mozambique
Bolivia
Zimbabwe
Madagascar —Mauritius
Paraguay S. Africa
Tobacco Company
Uruguay Argentina Chile
CEO Compensation
bonus, stock options, etc.
56
Chapter
Resea r c h S ays :
18 “
These companies remain some of the most profitable in the world. This is thanks in part to their endless
inventive ways of undermining and circumventing regulation.
n recent years, publicly traded tobacco companies have consolidated through
Nicoventures, a separate company dedicated to creating alternative nicotine products that offer the same experience expected from cigarettes without some of the risks of smoking. Estimates of revenues from the global tobacco industry vary widely but are likely approaching half a trillion dollars annually. Although tobacco is ultimately a financial burden on the governments and health-care systems of countries, it is also a source of government revenue, through tobacco taxes and additional profit for those countries with state-owned tobacco companies. Each year the tobacco industry in China contributes over 7% of the central government’s total revenue. If Big Tobacco were a country, it would have a gross domestic product (GDP) similar to that of Poland, Sweden, Venezuela, or Saudi Arabia.
France
Switz. Slovenia—
Austria
Hungary
Rep. Moldova
—Croatia Romania Bosnia & Herzegovina Serbia Bulgaria Albania —FYR Macedonia Georgia Armenia—
Kazakhstan
Altria/ Philip Morris USA British American Japan Tobacco Imperial Tobacco International Tobacco
National Tobacco Corpor ation is the largest state-owned tobacco company, producing more cigarettes than any other company in the world. In 2008 CNTC manufactured 2.1 trillion
Greece
—Malta
Kyrgyzstan
China National Tobacco Corporation Beijing
DPR Korea
Turkey Tunisia Morocco Algeria Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Cyprus— Lebanon*— Syrian Arab Rep.
—UAE
Mexico
Cuba
Dominican Rep.
India
Myanmar*
Lao PDR
International Headquarters or Operations Centers, 2011
Philippines
Guatemala
El Salvador
Honduras Nicaragua
of the 5.9 trillion cigarettes produced worldwide. As the tobacco market has consolidated under a few major companies, the direction of these companies is beginning to change. Traditionally, company buyouts took place in order to consolidate and expand cigarette market share. Now tobacco companies are branching out into other areas of tobacco products and technology. In recent years, the major tobacco companies have purchased corporations that produce oral tobacco, such as snus. In 2011 Philip Morris International bought patent rights to a technology that delivers nicotine-infused aerosol. In the same year, British American Tobacco established
Kenya
Singapore—
Malaysia
Dem. Rep. of Congo United Republic of Tanzania
Indonesia
TH E INDU S TR Y S ays :
Peru
Brazil
tobacco industry
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Angola
Altria Group has outperformed the S&P 500 every year since 2000 and has increased its dividend 44 times in the last 42 years. Its scale, balance sheet strength and improved operational focus make the company a compelling consumer products investment opportunity, and enable the company to have large-scale economic impact.
2010 compensation includes annual salary,
A l t r i a website, US, 2011
Global Cigarette
Percent of total number of cigarettes produced, 2000 and 2008