u2Grammar

4. A: I wonder why my barber cut my hair so quickly today. B: He must have had a lot of customers after you. A: You’re probably right. If _________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _________________
6. I wasn’t prepared for my English test. I got a low grade. A: You know, I wish _________________ _______________________ B: Oh, really? Why? A: If _______________________________ _________________________________ B: I know what you mean.
A: Why didn’t Peter take his umbrella to work today? B: He didn’t know it was going to rain. had known it was going to rain, If he … he would have taken his umbrella to work.
5. I didn’t have my shopping list with me this morning. I forgot to buy eggs. A: You know, I wish ________________ _______________________________ B: Oh, really? Why? A: If ______________________________ ________________________________ ____________________ B: I know what you mean.
典型例题
There was plenty of time. She ____.
A. mustn’t have hurried
B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry
D. needn’t have hurried
答案D。needn’t have done. 意为 “本不必”, 即已经做了某事, 而实 际上不必要。 mustn’t have done用法不正确, 对过 去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为 couldn’t have done, “不可能已经”。 must not do 不可以 (用于一般现在时)
7. 在主语、表语、同位语从句中，虚 拟语气用“should + 动词原形”或动 词原形来表示。这样的句型有：It is strange / natural / important / no wonder / impossible / necessary / a pity / ... that ...； My advice / suggestion / requirement / ... is that ... 等。
人教课标 高二 选修 6 Unit 2
虚拟语气（二）
本节课我们接着学习虚拟语气， 主要学习if条件从句和wish宾语从句中 表示过去情况的虚拟语气的用法，以 及虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用。 【观察体会】 请看下图及对话，体会表示过去的虚 拟语气的用法。
A: I wonder why John ran by without saying hello. B: He must have been in a hurry. A: You’re probably right. If he ____________ hadn’t been in a hurry, he wouldn’t have run by without saying hello. ________________
约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她不必 步行回家了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn’t need to
walk back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她本不
必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家, 没 有遇上John的车。) John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn’t have walked back home.
现在： 过去时
过去： 过去完成时
在as if / as though后的从句中，常用
一般过去时或“would / could / should
/ might + 动词原形”来表示与现在或
将来的事实相反或不太可能实现的事
情。
She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems that it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.
Hale Waihona Puke 2. A: Why didn’t you do your homework last night? B: I didn’t bring my book home. If ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________
1. wish 的宾语 从句
过去: 过去完成时
将来: would/could/might +
v. should
1. I wish I were a bird. (现在)
2. I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.
(过去)
3. We wish our parents wouldn’t punish
8. 某些简单句的固定句型: Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the People’s Republic of China!
9. need “不必做”和“本不该做” didn’t need to do 表示: 过去不必做 某事, 事实上也没做。 needn’t have done 表示: 过去不必做 某事, 但事实上做了。
你该走了。 It’s high time that you were going. It’s high time that you should go.
我们该去
睡觉了。
It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to
bed.
5. without和but for 构成虚拟。 but for要不是 Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.
6. If only … 要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了! If only our parents could live with us! 要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only I hadn’t missed the train!
【归纳总结】
表示过去
if 条件从句的 had + 过去分词 条件 谓语 从句 主句的谓语 should / would / could / might + have +过去分词 wish宾语从句中 had + 过去分词 的谓语
下面我们再来看看其他形式的虚拟 语气的用法。
虚拟语气特殊句型
现在: 过去时（were）
It is important that we (should) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. It’s necessary that we should study hard.
I didn’t know how to get around the city when I moved here. I was so confused.
had known A: You know, I wish I ___________how to get around the city when I moved here. B: Oh, really? Why? had known A: If I ___________how to get around the city when I moved here, I wouldn’t have been so confused. _________________ B: I know what you mean.
2. would rather that
过去: 过去完成时
将来: 过去时