2013年职称英语卫生类 A新增文章篇目
2013年职称英语综合类A新增文章精品抄
阅读判断Taking Pictures of the W orldMeet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer.1.Belt has never traveled to England.B.Wrong 2.Belt has never traveled to Antarctica.A.Right 3.Belt has worked for a number of magazines.C.Not mentioned4.Petra is a very old city in Jordan.A.Right 5.Belt can only connect with English.B.Wrong 6.People can connect with each other in bad weather.A.Right7.V olunteering is one way to begin a photography career.A.Right阅读判断Starting a New TraditionShantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in NewY ork。
1.Kwanzaa is celebrated at the end of the year.A.Right2.Kwanzaa is a holiday for African-Americans. A.Right3.Kwanzaa is a very old holiday.B.Wrong 4.People in Africa celebrate Kwanzaa.C.Not mentioned5.People spend a lot of time with their families during Kwanzaa.A.Right6.Children receive presents at the end of Kwanzaa.A.Right7.Everyone thinks Kwanzaa is an important holiday.B.Wrong概括大意US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world l.2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly,including the United States,last year.3 For instance.cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30%of the front and back of every pack3.4 The impact of the treaty could be huge.5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect.1.Paragraph l B US Signing of the FCTC 2.Paragraph 2 D How the FCTC Came into Being3.Paragraph 3 A What the FCTC Demands 4.Paragraph 4 E What the FCTC Will Bring about5.Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward B approving it6.Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to,among other things,D restrict smoking in public places7.It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths E caused by tobacco use 8.Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that A Have ratified it概括大意How W e Form First Impressionl We all have first impression of someone we just met.2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world.3 If you see someone you know and like at school3,your brain says “familiar and safe.”4 When we stereotype people,5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions,1.Paragraph 2 D Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against2.Paragraph 3 C Illustration of First Impression3.Paragraph 4 B Comment on First Impression 4.Paragraph 5 A W ays of Departure from Immature and Simplistic5.Sensory information is one that is perceived through .E the sights and sounds of the world6.Y ou interpret by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.D the meaning of incoming sensory information 7.The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking,which is similar to . C the meaning form of thinking of a very young child8.We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to . B the most complex areas of our cortex阅读理解Shark Attack! Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard,scanning the distance for his next wave,when his board suddenly stopped moving.1.After Craig Rogers fell into the water,the shark . C)swam away2.It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites . A)often let humans escape 3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 0f paragraph 4? B)are.4.The word their in line 2 0f paragraph 4 means . B)great whites’5.What is the main idea of the forth paragraph?C)W e now know great whites don’t mistake humans for other animals.阅读理解第五篇The Travels of lbn BattutaI left Tangier,my birthplace,the l3th of June l325 with the intention of making the pilgrimage。
2013年职称英语等级考试真题(卫生类A级)
2013年职称英语等级考试真题(卫生类A级)第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.A.treated B.tested C.corrupted D.polluted 2.Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A.moral B.regular C.fundamental D.hard3.The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.A.inflexible B.general C.complex D.direct4.She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A.wiped B.injected C.removed D.produced5.They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A.existence B.importance C.cause D.situation6.The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A.end B.shorten C.start D.resume7.The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.A.approved B.rejected C.submitted D.considered8.The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A.naked B.cautious C.blind D.private9.Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A.untouched B.certain C.doubtful D.silent 10.Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A.send B.hear C.confirm D.spread11.Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.A.argue B.compete C.claim D.wish12.The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.A.unknown B.unusual C.undamaged D.unstable13.The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A.reliable B.effective C.simple D.alternative 14.Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A.shut B.set C.beat D.break15.This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A.turned dead B.passed by C.become extinct D.carried away第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)In Your FaceWhy is this man so angry? We don't know the reason, but we can see the emotion in his face. Whatever culture you come from, you can expressing.Forty years ago, psychologist Paul Ekman of the University of California, San Francisco, became interested in how people's faces show their feelings. He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions. Then he showed them to the Fore people, who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces, but they easily understood Americans' expressions of anger, happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, and surprise.Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse. He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans, and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on theFore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere. He did more research in Japan, Brazil, and Argentina, and got the same results.According to Ekman, these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains. They developed to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us. Some emotional triggers are universal as well. When something suddenly comes into sight, people feel fear, because it might be dangerous. But most emotional triggers are learned. For example, two people might smell newly cut grass. One person spent wonderful summers in the country as a child, so the smell makes him happy. The other person remembers working very hard on a farm and being hungry, so he feels sad.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance, we can be more aware of things that make us angry and we can think before we react.There are many differences between cultures, in their languages and customs. But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.16.Paul Ekman studies people's faces in different cultures.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned17.Ekman did research in several countries and got different results.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned18.Americans get angry more often than the Fore people from New GuineaA.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned19.Ekman thinks that some basic emotions are the same everywhere.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned20.Two people might feel different emotions about the same thing.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned21.Fear is the most difficult emotion to change.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned22.People of different cultures smile when they understand each other.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
职称英语新增卫生类文章
职称英语新增卫生类文章全国专业技术人员职称英语考试有其自身的特点,专业技术人员如果能够在掌握一定词汇的基础上,加强英语阅读能力的培养,不仅能帮助广大专业技术人员顺利通过职称英语考试,更有助于提高他们的整体英语水平。
下面是店铺带来的职称英语新增卫生类文章,欢迎阅读! 职称英语新增卫生类文章篇一Tracking Down HIVIn the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died.A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died.In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible for2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening forHTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infected people. Today scientists are testing vaccines and believe that if HIV can be suppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race against time.职称英语新增卫生类文章篇二Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth1 under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. 1 We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night 一dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake.It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost,but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream, the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be awareof it for two reasons : They don,t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don,t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue.Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have, even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.职称英语新增卫生类文章篇三lee Cream Taster Has Sweet JobJohn Harrison has what must be the most wanted job in the United States. He’s the official taster for Edy’s Grand Ice Cream, one of the nation’s best-selling brands. Harrison’s taste buds are insured for $1 million. And when he isn’t doing that, he travel s, buying Edy’s in supermarkets all over the country so that he can check for perfect appearance,texture, and flavor.After I interviewed Harrison, I realized that the life of an icecream taster isn’t all Cookies ’n Cream 一a flavor that* he invented, by the way. No, it’s extremely hard work, which requires discipline and selflessness.For one thing,he doesn’t swallow on the job. Like a coffee taster, Harrison spits. Using a gold spoon to avoid “off’ flavors, he takes a small bite and moves it around in his mouth to introduce it to all 9,000 or so taste buds. Then he breathes in gently to bring the aroma up through the back of his nose. Each step helps Harrison evaluate whether the ice cream has a good balance of dairy, sweetness, and added ingredients 一 the three-flavor components of ice cream. Then, even if the ice cream tastes heavenly, he puts it into a trash can. A full stomach makes it, impossible to judge the quality of the flavors.During the workweek, Harrison told me that he has to make other sacrifices, too: no onions, garlic, or spicy food, and no caffeine. Caffeine will block the taste buds, he says, so his breakfast is a cup of herbal tea.Harrison’s family has been in the ice cream business in one way or another1 for four generations, so Harrison has spent his entire life with it. However, he has never lost his love for its cold, creamy sweetness. On these occasions,he does swallow, and he eats about a quart (0.95 liters) each week. By comparison4, the average person in the United States eats 23.2 quarts (21. 96 liters) of ice cream and other frozen dairy products each year.Edy's ice cream is available in dozens of flavors. So what flavor does the best-trained ice-cream taster in the country prefer? Vanilla! In fact, vanilla is the best-selling variety in the United States.。
2013职称英语新增文章
2013年职称英语综合类新增文章阅读判断第一篇Taking Pictures of the W orldMeet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978,and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world. In fact, Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasn't seen yet.Belt's photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan, as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England. Recently,her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America.Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language. “The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into peopled lives,” she has said. “The camera is like a passport, and I am often overwhelmed by1 how quickly people welcome me!”Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new people. When people speak the same language, greetings and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each other. When people don't speak the same language, a smile is very helpful. Having something in common can also help break the ice. For example, Belt has traveled with her two children, so when she takes pictures of children or their parents,they all have that family connection in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together.Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography. Y ou can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that can't afford to hire a professional photographer. Y ou can also take a good, honest look at your best photographs. If you're a real photographer, your photos are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers.Remember, the next time you look at a beautiful photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, don't be afraid to break the ice. The connection you make could be very rewarding.词汇:landscape n.风景,风景画rewarding adj.值得的,有益的,有报酬的privilege n.特权,优惠nationality n 国籍,民族think about 考虑overwhelm vt. 征服;使受不了,使不知所措注释:1. I am often overwhelmed by ...我常常被……搞得不知所措。
职称英语阅读理解真题及答案(卫生类A级)
职称英语阅读理解真题及答案(卫生类A级)为大家整理了2013年职称英语阅读理解真题及答案(卫生类A级),仅供参考!!2013年职称英语卫生类A级阅读理解真题及答案1DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. In mammals the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes. With the exception of identical siblings (as in identical twins., the complete DNA of each individual is unique.DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing. It is a method of identification that compares bits of DN A. A DAN fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva. The sample is then segmented using enzymes, and the segments are arranged by size. The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film, where they form a pattern of black bars—the DNA fingerprint. If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match, the two samples probably came from the same person.DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985. Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs. The first criminal conviction based on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1988. In criminal investigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects. Generally, courts have accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test results into evidence. However, DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number of areas: the accuracy of the results, the cost of testing, and the possible misuse of the technique.The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons. First,because DNA segments rather than complete DNA strands are “fingerprinted”; a DNA fingerprint may not be unique; large-scale research to confirm the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting test results has not been conducted. In addition, DNA fingerprinting is often done in private laboratories that may not follow uniform testing standards and quality controls. Also, since human beings must interpret the test, human error could lead to false results.DNA fingerprinting is expensive. Suspects who are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not be able to successfully defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence.Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead to the establishment of a DNA fingerprint database.1. According to the essay, we can find chromosomesA. in a fish.B. in a tree.C. in a sheep.D. in a rock.2. DNA fingerprinting is more often used forA. obtaining samples of chromosomes.B. providing evidence in court investigations.C. proving the horse to be a mammal.D. printing books about biology.3. When your brother looks exactly like you, your complete DNA may beA. exactly like his.B. totally different from his.C. unique.D. lost.4. Some people believe that using a DNA fingerprint may not be so reliable becauseA. the accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged.B. no private laboratory follows uniform testing standards or quality controls.C. mistakes are possible when researchers explain what have come of their tests.D. suspects may not have enough money to provide their own DNA to law-courts.5. This essay talks about DNA fingerprinting concerning the following aspects EXCEPTA. legal application of the method.B. the way to obtain a DNA sample.C. work yet to be done about DNA fingerprinting.D. possible danger in drawing a DNA sample from the human body.DNA指纹DNA是所有生物细胞核子发现的基因材料。
2013年职称英语综合类A级新增习题资料整理
2013年职称英语综合A新增阅读理解《Shark Attack!》译文及解析Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave,when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. “I could have touched its eye with my elbow,”says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn't heard a thing.In his horror and confusion,he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers,the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows,they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.The most common explanation is that great whites don't see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this,however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also,when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high —fat meal. “They spit us out because we're too bony,”says Aidan Martin,director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It's possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people,they are likely just trying to learn what they are.词汇:scan vt审视,细看,浏览elbow n.肘,肘部surface n, 表面,外表;vi.浮出水面,浮现drown vi.淹死,溺死注释:1. ... cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth.被鲨鱼咬掉了两个指头。
2013年职称英语(卫生类)新增文章及解析
2013年职称英语新增文章译文及解析阅读理解(卫生类)阅读理解(3篇)第十六篇:Eat to Live第二十九篇:“Don't Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning第三十九篇:Sauna完形填空(3篇)第二篇:A Biological Clock第九篇:The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints第十四篇:Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores第十六篇Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, but it‟s not much fun — and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don‟t start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse‟s liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won‟t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler‟s team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations3. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old — equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production一probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “There‟s attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isn‟t sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they liv e longer, but they‟re hungry,” he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, it‟s still hard to go to a restaurant and say: …I can only eat half of that,. ”Spindler hopes we soon won‟t need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.词汇:meager adj.不足的youthful adj.有青春活力的vigor n.精力,活力metabolize vt. 使(一种物质)进入新陈代谢过程genetic adj.基因的rejuvenation n.恢复活力,返老还童注释:1. hang on to :继续保留。
英语
2013年职称英语卫生类新增文章及译文A BiologicalClock2013-01-25 11:01 来源:大家网评论:0点击:5684完形填空第二篇A Biological ClockEvery living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells __1__ when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells __2__ when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away,and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal __3__ the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur __4__ the number of hours of daylight. In the short __5__ of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration __6__ twice each year. Birds __7__ flying become restless when it is time for the trip,__8__they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which __9__ of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain __10__ to control the timing of some of our actions. These __11__ tell a person when to __12__ ,when to sleep and when to seek food . Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr. Moorhead is studying __13__ our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.__14__ can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said __15__ understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factory’s production,词汇:biological adj.生物(学)的insect n.昆虫cocoon n.防护卵袋,茧fur n.软毛注释:1. 本句中谓语动词tells的宾语由两部分组成。
2013职称英语综合类教材新增内容
2013职称英语综合类教材新增内容2013职称英语综合类教材新增内容:阅读判断第十二篇第十二篇 Starting a New TraditionShantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New York. On a cold night in December, her family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candle. The table is decorated with baskets of fruits and vegetables and ears of com for Shantelle and her two brothers.“This candle represents umoja, an African word that means being together,”Shantelle says. “That's the most important thing for a family. ”Tonight is the first night of Kwanzaa, and Shantelle is spending the holiday with her family. More than 5 million African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa every year from December 26 until January I. It's a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa.Kwanzaa is very unusual because it was started by one man. In 1966, an American named Maulana Karenga wanted a holiday for African-Americans to honor their culture and traditions. So he used words and customs from Africa to create a new celebration. He took the name Kwanzaa from the words for “first fruits” in Swahili, an African language. At first, a few American families had small celebrations at home. Now there are also Kwanzaa events in schools and public places, and Kwanzaa has spread to other countries like Canada and Jamaica.The main symbol of Kwanzaa is a candleholder with seven candles, one for each of the principles of Kwanzaa. Each night, a family member lights one of the candles and talks about the idea it represents: being together, being yourself, helping each other, sharing, having a goal, creating, and believing. The candles are red, black, and green, the colors of Kwanzaa. The parents also pour drinks to honor family members who have died. On the last night of Kwanzaa, there is a big dinner with African food, and children receive small presents.Today people can buy Kwanzaa greeting cards and special Kwanzaa clothes. Stores sell Kwanzaa candles and candleholders. Some people don't believe that Kwanzaa is a real holiday, because it's so new. But other people say that customs and celebrations are always changing and that Kwanzaa shows what is important in people's lives.Shantelle Davis says she likes Kwanzaa because it's fun. “But I also learn new things every year," she says.词汇:ancestor n.祖宗,祖先be decorated with 由……所装饰honor vt. 尊敬,使荣幸; n.荣誉,尊敬ears of com玉米穗candleholder n.烛台注释:1. It's a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa.这段时间里他们和家人待在一起缅怀他们的历史和非洲的祖先。
2013职称英语综合A新增阅读理解全文翻译总会
2013年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增目录及全文翻译1.第一篇:Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事2.第二篇:Outside-the –classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference课处学习带来很大不同3.第三篇:Milosevic‘s Death 米洛舍维奇之死4.第四篇:Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福5.第五篇:Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens 中日敌意减少6.第六篇:TV Shows and Long Bus Trips看电视与长途汽车旅行7.第七篇:Modern Sun Worshippers现代日光浴崇拜者8.第八篇:The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级9.第九篇:Single-parent Kids Do Best单亲幼儿最出色10.第十篇:A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信11.第十一篇:The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展12.第十二篇:Smuggling走私13.第十三篇:The Barbie Dolls芭比娃娃14.第十四篇:Sleep睡眠15.第十五篇:Orbital Space Plane轨道航天飞机16.第十六篇:The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠17.*第十七篇:Eiffel Is an Eyeful引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔18.*第十八篇:Goal of American Education美国教育的目标19.*第十九篇:The Family家庭20.*第二十篇:Tales of the Terrible Past讲述可怕的过去21.*第二十一篇:Spacing in Animals动物的空间距离22.*第二十二篇:Some Things We Know about Language我们知道的关于语言的一些事情23.*第二十三篇:The Only Way Is Up只好向上24.*第二十四篇:Clone Farm克隆农场25.*第二十五篇:Income收入26.*第二十六篇:Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久以前的世界27.*第二十七篇:Importance of Services服务业的重要性28.*第二十八篇:The National Park Service国家公园的服务机构29.*第二十九篇:Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends发现自己变胖了?这得责怪朋友们30.*第三十篇:"Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活31.第三十一篇:Pool Watch泳池监护32.第三十二篇:The Cherokee Nation彻罗基部落33.*第三十三篇:Oseola McCarty老妇人Oseola McCarty34.+第三十四篇:To Have and Have Not逃亡35.+第三十五篇:Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路36.+第三十六篇:A Tale of Scottish Rural Life一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事37.+第三十七篇:Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐38.+第三十八篇:Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子39.+第三十九篇:Eat to Live为了活着吃饭40.+第四十篇:Narrow Escape美国疾病预防新政策41.第四十一篇:The Operation of International Airlines国际航空公司的经营42. 第四十二篇:Sauna桑拿浴43. 第四十三篇:Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack建筑设计能使建筑抵御恐怖袭击吗44. 第四十四篇:Americans Get Touchy越来越爱肢体接触的美国人45. 第四十五篇:Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for Longer女性穿超短裙时间更长46. 第四十六篇:Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed捍卫进化论仍必要47.+第四十七篇:Narrow Escape九死一生48.第四十八篇:Finding Enlightenment in Scotland苏格兰启蒙运动49.第四十九篇:The Beginning of American Literature美国文学的开端50.第五十篇:Older Volcanic Eruptions远古火山喷发第一篇Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一,就是一些描述人们生活的故事,并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。
2013年职称英语卫生A类阅读理解背诵版
2013年职称英语(卫生A 类)阅读理解中英文背诵模板 第三十四篇 (新增)Who Wants to Live Forever文章名称 问题 答案Who Wants to Live Forever? 37. Who Wants to Live Forever? (卫A ) 1) Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do? 2) Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph? 3) All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT 4) An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that 5) Which of the following best describes Callahan's attitude to anti-ageing technology?37. Who Wants to Live Forever? (卫A ) 1) Having more education. 2) Marriages in the US today are quite unstable. 3) More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees. 4) it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new 5) Reserved. 谁想永生 37. 谁想永生(卫A ) ①人活的长可以单独去做的事情,下面没提及的是_____。
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类(A级)试题(二)
第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题, 每题1分,共8 分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段,每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Organic Food :Why?1 Europe Is now the biggest market for organic food in the world,expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds more “natural”. Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different from the junk - food - eating masses.2 Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural, rather than man - made, fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation (轮种) improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man - made chemicals. As a method of food production, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land; there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. Also, the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertilisers are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted (排放)by transporting food.3 Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim. An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops. Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health.4 The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons,including freshness,the way the food is cooked,the type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure (粪便)or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up.5 The notion that organic food is safer than “normal” food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins (毒素).As one research expert says:“People think that the more natural somethi ng is, the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true:the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you. Naturally, many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops.”23 Paragraph 1__________24 Paragraph 2__________25 Paragraph 3__________26 Paragraph 4__________A Research into whether organic food Is betterB Description of organic farmingC Factors that affect food health valueD Necessity to remove hidden dangers from foodE Main reason for the popularity of organic foodF Testing the taste of organic food27 Techniques of organic farming help_____.28 There is no convincing evidence to_____.29 The weather conditions during the growth of crops_____.30 The closer a plant is to Its natural state, the less suitable it is to_____.A affect their nutritional contentB be specially trainedC improve soil qualityD be eatenE show that organic crops are safer than conventional onesF poison you第4部分:阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
2013年职称英语卫生类教材阅读理解背诵模版
2013年职称英语(卫生类)阅读理解中英文背诵模板第一篇 Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor文章名称 问题 答案Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor Bringing nanotechnology to health care for the poor (卫C ) 1) Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage? 2) How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases? 3) How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective? 4) The following developing countries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology EXCEPT 5) Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano materialsmentioned in the passage?Bringing nanotechnology to health care for the poor (卫C ) 1) To produce better and lighter building materials.2) By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule. 3) By making a drug target the focus of a disease.4) Iran5) D They may behave differently in the body and theenvironment.纳米保健技术走向贫困国家 1. 纳米保健技术走向贫困国家(卫C ) ①关于纳米技术的用途下面哪一个文中未提及? ②怎样能使量子点被应用于确认疾病? ③纳米技术如何被用于提高疗效? ④下述发展中国家在纳米技术方面没有做很好的科学研究的是 。
2013年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及答案补全短文
2013年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及答案补全短文2013 年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及答案-补全短文2013 年职称英语考试卫生类A 级试题及答案第五部分:补全短文Mt. Desert Island The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. (46) At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier(冰川) descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountain sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons(咸水湖). The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. (47) Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands.(48) For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But, the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate(温带)and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine(高山的)plants. (49) The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island. The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain. (50) From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by a retreating glacier. A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds B. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier. C. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly keep it to themselves D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age. E. This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore. F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long. 参考答案:46. D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age. 47. B. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier. 48. F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long. 49. A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. 50. E: This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.。
2013职称英语卫生类教材新增内容1
2013职称英语卫生类教材新增内容:阅读理解第十六篇第十六篇Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, but it‟s not much fun — and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigoreven if we don‟t start to diet until old a ge.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse’s liver genes can be made to behave asthey did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The gene tic rejuvenation won‟t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, butcould help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler’s team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations3. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet tohalf-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old — equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes wereassociated with things like inflammation and free radical production一probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent ofthese gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,”says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “There’s attracting and tempting evidence out there that itwill work,” he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, forexample. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isn’t sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they live longer, but they’re hungry,”he says. “Even seeing what a diet does,it‟s still hard to go to a restaurant and say: …I can only eat half of that,. ”Spindler hopes we soon won’t need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.词汇:meager adj.不足的youthful adj.有青春活力的vigor n.精力,活力metabolize vt. 使(一种物质)进入新陈代谢过程genetic adj.基因的rejuvenation n.恢复活力,返老还童注释:1. hang on to :继续保留。
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2013年职称英语卫生类A新增文章篇目+第三+九篇SaunaCeremonial bathing1 has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans2 used sweat lodges.The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit3 would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “svusauna”, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving4. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time5. The body‟s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating6 a slight fever7. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs8 of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body‟s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system9 gets work out10 as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor‟s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions11 at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.词汇:sauna […saunə,‟sɔ:nə] n. (芬兰式)蒸汽浴,桑拿浴congestion [kən‟dӡest∫ən] n. 阻塞;拥塞odor […əudə] n. 气味,味道grime [ɡraim] n. 污垢;尘垢arthritis [ɑ:‟θraitis] n. 关节炎cardiovascular [͵kɑ:diəu‟væskjulə] adj. 心血管的inflammation [͵inflə‟mei∫ən] n. 炎(症) asthma […æsmə] n. 气喘diabetes [͵daiə‟bi:ti:z,-ti:s] n. 糖尿病注释:1. ceremonial bathing :仪式性的沐浴。
许多宗教都有这种以沐浴作为仪式的习俗。
2. pre-Columbian Americans :哥伦布前的美洲人。
Columbian 是Columbus 的形容词形式,意思是“哥伦布的”:pre-是前缀,意思是:在……前。
Pre- Columbian Americans,其完整的意思是:哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲人。
3. fire-pit:火槽4. relaxing and stress relieving :能使人放松并消除压力5. alleviate congestion and speed recovery time :减轻充血,加快痊愈6. imitate :to appear like; resemble;像;;类似7. feed a cold, starve a fever:【谚】伤风时宜吃,发热时宜饿;伤风不怕吃,热病不怕饿。
8. lb:pound (磅)的缩写形式9. cardiovascular system :心血管系统10. a work out :做名词用,意为“运动,锻炼”。
11. sessions :(做某事或进行某活动的)一段时间练习:1. Ceremonial bathingA. is called the sauna by Finns.B. is equivalent to the steam bath.C. has various forms.D. is held in an enclosed room.2. What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?A. Saunas in underground caves.B. Saunas with smoke.C. Saunas using wood burning stoves.D. Saunas using electric stoves.3. According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPTA. reducing the chance of getting coldB. speeding recoveryC. relieving stressD. curing asthma4. According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow becauseA. pores are cleaned by sweat.B. water is lost by sweating.C. blood moves to the surface for heat exchange.D. the heart pumps harder and faster.5. Who are advised not to take a sauna?A. Elderly people.B. Pregnant women.C. People with heart trouble.D. All of the above.答案与题解:1.C 第一段的第一句告诉我们,ceremonial bathing 有多种形式,其中一种是sauna。
所以只有C是正确的选项。
2.B 根据文章第二段的第四句,smoke sauna 被有些人认为是真正的sauna。