小升初英语单元练习 名词-N

第1讲—名词名词：是指表示人和事物名称的词，可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

1、专有名词：●特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。

第一个字母通常要大写。

E.g.：J im G reen N ew Y ork B ank of C hina P eking U niversity●星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。

E.g.：M onday，M ay，C hristmas，S pring F estival，M aths，C hina D aily2、普通名词：表示一类人或物或抽象概念的名称。

●普通名词又可以分为四类:个体名词——表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student , desk集体名词——表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：class , family物质名词——表示无法分为个体的物质名称，如：water , rice , sand，hair抽象名词——表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love ，carelessness●个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式；●物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词，不能与不定冠词a(an)连用。

注意：①集体名词被看作一个整体时，表达单数概念。

e.g. His family was well known in the town. 他家在镇里是名门望族。

②集体名词被看作若干个体的集合时，表达复数概念。

e.g. His family are waiting for him. 她的家人正在等他。

③集体名词表达多个集体时，也有复数形式。

e.g. Our village is made up of 300 families. 我们村有300户人家。

3、可数名词复数形式的构成规则：①一般名词在末尾直接加s，清辅音后读/ s /，浊辅音和元音后读/ z /e.g. book-books， bag-bags， cat-cats， bed-beds②以s、x、sh、ch结尾，加es，读/ IZ /e.g. bus-buses， box-boxes，brush-brushes，watch-watches （stomach--stomachs）③以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加es，读/ z /e.g. baby-babies， library-libraries，factory-factories④以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加es，读/ vz /e.g. thief－thieves，knife－knives★f、fe结尾的顺口溜:妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。

wife（妻子），knife（刀子），wolf（狼）thief（小偷），shelf（架子），self（自己），life（生命）,half（一半），leaf（树叶），这9个名词变复数时，都要改―f(e)‖为―ve‖再加―s‖。

)⑤以o结尾，表示无生命的物体时加s, 表示有生命的物体时，加es，都读/ z /e.g. photo-photos， piano-pianos， radio-radios， zoo-zoos ,kilo-kilos，kangaroo-kangaroos，potato-potatoes，tomato-tomatoes，mango-mangoes，hero-heroes⑥不规则变化e.g. man－men child－children foot－feet fish－fishwoman－women mouse－mice tooth－teeth sheep－sheeppoliceman－policemen Chinese－Chinese Japanese－Japaneseox－oxen goose－geese deer－deer★中日不变英法变，其它加s.Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen,German-Germans, Australia-Australians, American-Americans) ★由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。

如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)a woman doctor-women doctors (女医生)⑦合成名词变为复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。

如passer-by - passers-by(过路人) bus driver - bus drivers(汽车司机) 注意如果没有主体名词，就在最后一词上加-s。

如：grown-up，- grown-ups(成年人) letter-box，- letter-boxes (信箱) ▲ fish表示鱼的数量时，单复数同形；表示鱼的种类时，复数为fishes.e.g. My cat had two fish for lunch.You can see a lot of different fishes in the lake.4、不可数名词一般只有原形，没有复数形式，但是可以借助量词表示一定的数量。

如果表达两个或两个以上的概念时，量词需要用复数形式，不可数名词不变。

e.g. a bottle of water ，a cup of coffee，two glasses of milk ，five bags of rice▲这种形式用于可数名词时，量词和可数名词都要用复数。

e.g. ten baskets of eggs5、既可用作可数，又可用作不可数的名词：不可数： glass 玻璃, paper 纸, iron 铁,wood 木头, beauty 美, room 空间,可数：a glass 一只玻璃杯 a paper 一份报纸、论文、文件 a iron 一个熨斗,a wood 一片森林, a beauty 一个美人, a room 一个房间6、名词所有格①在英语中，有些名词可以加’s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。

大多数表示有生命的东西。

e.g. Tom's book②如果复数名词末尾已有s，就直接加’。

e.g. the teachers' office③如果一些物品为两者共有，只需在后一个名词后加’s；如果为各自所有，则需在每个名词后加’s。

所有格的读音和名词复数的读音一样。

e.g. Lucy and Lily's bedroom.（Lucy 和 Lily共用一个卧室）Lucy's and Lily's bedrooms.（Lucy 和 Lily分别拥有各自的卧室, 即两个卧室）④表示无生命的物体的名词所有格，一般与of短语连用。

e.g. a map of the world ，a photo of my family⑤双重所有格：把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系。

e.g. a friend of my father's7、其他①表示时间和距离的名词。

如：Where is today's newspaper? 今天的报纸在哪儿？An hour's walk isn't far. 一小时的路程不远。

②有些无生命东西的名词，如国家，城市季节，太阳，月亮，大地，江河，海洋，船等名词也可用's，表示所有关系。

如：China's population(中国人口) the city's life(城市生活)③注意在表示店铺或某人家时，为避免重复(因前面已提到)，名词所有格后面可省略它所修饰的名词。

my uncle's(我叔叔家),the doctor's(医生的诊所)重点难点习题训练一、下列名词有没有复数形式？有的请在横线上写出来，没有的请在横线上画“/”1、monkey ___2、class ___3、pear ___4、shelf___5、rice___6、nurse___7、peach ___8、library___9、dog ___ 10、milk___ 11、dress___ 12、postman___ 13、tooth ___ 14、sister___15、sheep___ 16、cinema___ 17、dish ___ 18、wall___ 19、child ___ 20、bread___二、单项选择1、There is ___ on the table. A、box B、a box C、boxes2、There are two ___ on the desk. A、pencil-box B、pencils-box C、pencil-boxes3、How many ___ are there in the room? A、girls B、girl C、boy and girls4、There are five ___ in the classroom. A、children B、childrens C、childs5、They aren’t from the same ___. A、familys B、families C、family6、They are having ___. A、a class B、a English class C、China class7、Are Tom’s Chinese ___ new? A、book B、books C、a book8、The ___are in Room 304. A、student B、a student C、students9、The ___ is over there. A、ships B、sheep C、dogs10、Is this your ___ ? A、pen B、pencils C、pencil-boxes11、Those new __ are for you. A、shirts B、skirt C、shoe12、The ___ has some nice pictures. A、boys B、teachers C、child13、The ___ are singing in the house. A、women B、woman C、man14、Some ___ are eating grass on the hill. A、sheep B、horse C、cow15、How many ___ are there in the box? A、knife B、knifes C、knives16、–Who’s that ____ ? –She’s my mother. A、man B、woman C、women17、–Whose ___ is it? –Maybe it’s ___. A、jackets, T om’s B、jacket, Tom’C、jacket, Tom’s18、Those are the ____ books. A、teachers’B、teachers C、teacher19、There’re a lot of children in the park on ___ Day. A、Children B、Children’s C、Childrens’20、It’s ___ bedroom. A、Amy and Anna’s B、Amy’s and Anna’s C、Amy and Anna三、填入所给名词的适当形式1、We have __________ (pen).2、This is an __________ (apple).3、Where is the __________ (pupil)?4、These are __________ (watch).5、–Are you __________ (teacher)? --Yes, we are.6、He has some __________ (ink).7、The __________ (shelf) are in the office.8、That __________ (girl) is Mary.9、Many __________ (library) are in Shanghai.10、What colour are the ___ (flag)?11、These are __________ (girl) names.12、They are __________ (woman) teachers.13、He has some __________ (tea).14、September 10th is the __________ (teacher) Day.15、They come from __________ (Chinese).四、根据英文解释以及已给出的首字母写单词1、come after afternoon e _________2、a small bag with money in it w _________3、the first month of a year J _________4、the hottest season s _________5、the first day of the working week M _________6、a room for cooking k _________7、yo ur uncle’s son or daughter c _________8、the sister of your father or mother a _________五、根据中文提示补全句子1、When you feel headache, you must stay in bed and take some ______ (药)2、My father likes collecting _________ (邮票).3、Many ________ (孩子) like animals and toys.4、The first thing I do in the morning is to brush my _______ (牙齿).5、After school, we must clean our _______ (教室) and leave then.6、Please give me _____________________(一瓶苹果汁).7、__________________________(汤姆和安的手表) are new.8、_________________ (许多人的包) are made in Paris.9、_________________________(这张英格兰地图) is on the wall.10、I like _______________________(这鞋子的颜色).六、根据描述写出单词1、People often go there and see a doctor. __________________2、You can go there to buy some books you want. __________________3、Students go there from Monday to Friday to learn Chinese, English, maths, etc. __________________4、People can buy food , fruit, vegetables, even clothes there. __________________5、They are large, black and white. They are very cute. They look like bears. __________________6、There are many books there. You can read but you can not buy. __________________7、It’s a place where you can watch films.__________________8、Everyone has two of them and people hear with them. __________________9、We can see it in the sky at night. It’s smaller than the sun.__________________10、You clean your teeth with it every day.七、下列句子有一处是错误的，请将其错处画出，并在句子后改正1、Let’s be good friend.__________________2、How many sheeps can you see under the tree? __________________3、Those bags are Jim. __________________4、Now please give me milk. __________________5、We are in class Two, Grade Six. __________________八、选择适当的词汇填空，组成正确的短语，并译成汉语stamps music countryside centre traffic coffee games walk books pictures1、collecting_______________ ____________________2、play ______________ ____________________3、shopping _________________ ____________________4、______________lights ____________________5、listen to _____________ ____________________6、a cup of _______________ ____________________7、in the _________________ ____________________8、go for a __________________ ____________________9、read _______________ ____________________10、draw ________________ ____________________。