文学选读1
英国文学史及选读1,2册复习大纲
英国文学史及选读1,2册复习大纲Part 1 The Anglo―Saxon Period（449-1066）秧格鲁-撒克逊时期1.H istorical BackgroundCelts 400B.C. Romans 50B.C. Anglo―Saxons 450A.D Norman Invasion 1066A.D. Roman empire从albion撤军，teutonic tribes(包括angles, Saxons,jutes)（条顿人or日耳曼人）陆续登陆此地2. Literature 1,pagan异教徒文学2 christian基督徒文学alliterative verse头韵诗Epic: Beowulf贝奥武甫（Denmark背景）（the hall heorot 鹿兀grendel:a monster half-human）1) Oral origin, recited in court, handed down in generations until finally it was recorded by certain poet.上下部分由pagan写，插入由christian写2) a mixture of history and legend.，england’s national epic 民国史诗Part II The Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)秧格鲁-诺曼时期11.H istorical BackgroundRoman conquest,接着是english conquest，最后是normanconquest。
The Norman Conquest in 1066Duke William of Normandy claimed himself William I, King of England.（the battle of hastings希斯廷战役）Kings―Barons男爵―Knights, a feudal system of hierarchy统治集团was formed2.T he languageUpper classes: French, Latin The mon people: Old EnglishThree languages co-existed in England. French became the official language used by the king and the Norman lords; Latin became the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities; and Old English was spoken only by the mon English people.3.The literatureRomance was a type of literature that was very popular2in the Middle Ages. It is about the life and adventures undertaken by a knight.It reflected the spirit of chivalry骑士制度. The content of romance: love, chivalry and religion. It involves fighting, adventures.Subject matter:Geoffrey’s His tory杰弗里《史记》，riming chronicles押韵编年史，metricalverse格律诗体，doggerel verse打油诗体1)t he Matter of France eg. Charlemagne and his peers查理曼大帝和他的骑士2)M atter of Greece and Rome eg Akexabder亚历山大大帝3)M atter of Britain tales having for their heroes Arthurand his knights of the Round Table3.m ain literatureSir Gawain and the green knight.高文爵士和绿衣骑士（arthur，gawain,green knight, morgain the fay-woman3妖精摩根, the green girdle绿腰带）Part III Geoffrey Chaucer (1340―1400)杰弗里.乔叟时期1.H istorical BackgroundHe was living at the same time as the writer of Sir Gawain. In 1350 AD, 100 Years' War between England and France.The English won, they controlled large French territory领土. The Henry VI lost it all. He is father of English poetry War of the Roses 1455-1485 AD2.W hat's middle ages like?1). The medieval society: hierarchy 等级制度social system.2). Another important thing in the medieval society is Christianity基督God-centered thinking, mind ideology 思想体系3.L ife and work of ChaucerChaucer lived between (1340-1400). His life is closely41. French 1360-1370 translate French poetry2. Italian 1372-13863.English The Canterbury tales4.The Canterbury talesHe got his stories from various sources, Greek authors, Roman authors, Italian, French, but there is no doubt about Chaucer's originality. He retells the stories in his own way.5The stories are told by a group of people on their way to and back from Canterbury. Pilgrims 朝圣者tell stories to pass the time. The journey is used as a kind of device to unite the various tales Nun修女:Her enthusiasm for grace, trying to e someone that she is not, she cannot possibly be. --Pretentiousness, pretending伪装too much Chaucer has different attitude to different characters第一句：as soon as april pierces to the root, the drought of march, and bathes each bud and shootThe significance of his writing1)it gives a prehensive广泛的picture of Chaucer’s time2)the dramatic structure3)Chaucer’s humor4)Chaucer’s contribution to the English language. Ever since the Norman Conquest the French language was the language at the court and the upper classes, and Latin was the language of the learned and the church. Chaucer6used the native language English and proved that the English language is a beautiful language. He increased the prestige 威信of the English language.5.Popular ballads大众民谣A ballad is a narrative叙述poem that tells a story. It is about particular incidents, usually dramatic. Ballets tell stories-about tragic悲剧的incidents. They are written in a special musical pattern, ballad meter-four meters, couplets（相连并押韵的两行诗）―two line in a unit or quatrain 四行诗__ ababcdcd Characteristics:1)The beginning is often abrupt突然地. No introductionof the characters and the background of the tale2)There are strong dramatic elements. A ballad deals witha single episode插曲3)the story is often told through dialogue and action4)the theme is often tragic悲剧的5)The ballad meter is used. It contains four-line stanza7节，段在英国把民谣当文学形式研究的第一人是托马斯.帕西主教Bishop Thomas Percy,他将民谣收录到《英诗辑古》Reliques of Ancient English Poetry中。
美国文学史选读1
History And Anthology of American Literature (VolumeⅠ)美国文学史及选读1PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学1. 17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。
在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico and other Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。
2. 17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史3. 美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,Freunch ,Spaniards ,Italians and Portugueses (荷兰人，瑞典人，德国人，法国人，西班牙人，意大利人及葡萄牙人等)。
4. 美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.5. 第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。
6. 船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith他的作品(reports of exploration)17th早期出版，被认为是美国第一部真正意义上的文学作品in the early 1600s,have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English.他讲述了filled with themes,myths, images, scenes, character and events,吸引了朝圣者和清教徒前往lure the Pilgrims and the Puritans.7. 美国第一位作家：1608年Captain John Smith写了封信《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”.8. 他的第二本书1612年《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”.9. 他一共出版了八本书，其中有关于新英格兰的历史及描述。
文学选读 课程教学大纲
文学选读课程教学大纲一、课程简介文学选读是一门旨在培养学生文学素养和阅读能力的课程。
通过学习不同文学作品，学生将了解文学的基本概念、主要流派及其代表作品，同时拓展语言表达能力和审美情感。
二、课程目标1. 培养学生对文学的热爱和对文学作品的欣赏能力。
2. 提高学生的文学素养，包括对文学作品的分析和解读能力。
3. 培养学生的批判性思维和创造性思维，培养其独立思考和表达能力。
三、教学内容1. 古代文学选读- 对古代文学的概述和介绍- 选读古代文学作品，如《红楼梦》、《西游记》等- 分析古代文学作品的主题、结构和语言特点2. 现当代文学选读- 对现当代文学的概述和介绍- 选读现当代文学作品，如《围城》、《茶馆》等- 分析现当代文学作品的时代背景、社会意义和文学风格3. 国外文学选读- 对国外文学的概述和介绍- 选读国外文学作品，如《傲慢与偏见》、《鲁滨逊漂流记》等 - 分析国外文学作品的文化差异、价值观和语言特点4. 经典名著选读- 对经典名著的概述和介绍- 选读经典名著，如《平凡的世界》、《1984》等- 分析经典名著的思想内涵、艺术形式和社会影响四、教学方法1. 讲授法：通过教师的讲解，介绍文学作品的背景、主题和文学特点。
2. 讨论法：组织学生进行小组或全班讨论，促进学生之间的交流和合作，共同探究文学作品的意义。
3. 分析法：引导学生通过分析文学作品的情节、人物形象和语言运用，深入理解作品的内涵。
4. 阅读指导法：提供阅读指导，教授学生如何有效阅读文学作品，引导学生形成良好的阅读习惯和方法。
五、评价方式1. 课堂参与：学生积极参与讨论和提问的情况。
2. 作业表现：学生完成的阅读笔记、读后感及作品分析等作业质量。
3. 考试成绩：学生对文学作品的理解和分析能力在考试中的表现。
六、教学资源1. 教材：精选文学作品集，包括古代文学、现当代文学、国外文学和经典名著等。
2. 音视频资料：提供相关文学作品的电子版、音频和视频资料，方便学生进行学习和阅读。
美国文学选读课后习题答案
美国⽂学选读课后习题答案Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed?His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother.3.How did he arrive in Philadephia?First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which w as going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf.4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection?It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(⾔简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的).Unit 2 Edgar Allen Poe1.Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress?Montresor.Fortunato,one of wine experts insulted him, so he wanted to murder him.2.What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar?He baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a cask of Amontillado a rare and valuable sherry wine. Fortunato is anxious to determine whether or not it is truly Amontillado, so he goes to the vault with Montresor.3.What happens to Fortunato in the end?He was walled up alive behind bricks in a wine cellar.Unit 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne:1.Why is the prison the setting of Chapter 1 ?No matter how optimistic the founders of new colonies may be, they are quick to establish a prison and a cemetery in their “Utopia,” for they know that misbehavior, evil, and death are unavoidable.This belief fits into the larger Puritan doctrine, which puts heavy emphasis on the idea of original sin—the notion that all people are born sinners because of the initial transgressions of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. he is therefore using the prison building to represent the crime and the punishment which are aspect of civilized life. What is the implication of the description of the roses?The rosebush symbolizes the ability of nature to endure and outlast man's activities. The narrator suggests that roses offer a reminder of Nature's kindness to the condemned; for his tale, he sa ys, it will provide either a “sweet moral blossom” or else some relief in the face of unrelenting sorrow and gloom.2.Describe the appearance of Hester Prynne and the attitude of the people towards her.The second paragraph on page 30.The crowd in front of the jail is a mixture of men and women, all maintaining severe looks of disapproval. Several of the women begin to discuss Hester Prynne, and they soon vow that Hester would not have received such a light sentence for her crime if they had been the judges. One woman, the ugliest of the group, goes so far as to advocate deathfor Hester.3.What has happened to Hester? As a young woman, Hester married an elderly scholar, Chillingworth, who sent her ahead to America to live. While waiting for him, she had an affair with a Puritan minister named Dimmesdale, after which she gave birth to Pearl. The scarlet letter is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. Why does she make the embroidery of the letter A so elaborate?It seems to declare that she is proud, rather than ashamed, of her sin. In reality, however, Hester simply accepts the “sin” and its symbol as part of herself, just as she accepts her child. And although she can hardly believe her present “realities,” she takes them as they are rather than resisting them or trying to atone for them. How does this tell us about her character? Throughout The Scarlet Letter Hester is portrayed as an intelligent, capable. It is the extraordinary circumstances shaping her that make her such an important figure.Unit 6 Henry David Thoreau1. Where indeed did Thoreau live, both at a physical level and at a spiritual level? He lived in a cabin on Walden Pond,which belonged t o Emerson’s property.2.Had Thoreau ever bought a farm? Why did he enjoy the act of buying? No, he h adn’t. He avoided purchasing a farm because it would inevitably tie him down financially and complicate his life. Thoreau didn’t see the acquisition of wealth as the goal for human existence, he saw the goal of life to be an exploration of the mind and of the magnificent world around us. He regarded the places as an existence free of obligations and full of leisure.3. Is it significant that Thoreau mentioned the Fourth of July as the day on which he began to stay in the woods? Why? Yes, it is. Because The Fourth of July is known as Independence Day, the birthday of the United States. Here Thoreau uses the day to express his beginning of regeneration at Walden. It also means a symbol of his conquest of being.Unit 7 19th Century American Poets1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow(1) I Shot an Arrow…1. Why did the speaker lose sight of his arrow and song?The arrow flies too swiftly and too far away to be seen by the speaker; whereas the song is naturally invisible.2. In what circumstances did he find them again?He finds them unexpectedly years later from the trunk of a tree and the heart of a friend.3. What do arrow and song stand for in this poem?The images of arrow and song here may stand for friendship.(2) A Psalm of Life1. What kind of person is the speaker of this poem?The speaker is a man of action, always optimistic and cheerful, trying to achieve as much as possible in the short span of life.2. According to the poem, how should our lives be led to overcome the fact that each day brings us nearer to death?We should work harder and live happier.3. Interpret the metaphor of "Footprints on the sand of time" (line 28).The metaphor refers to human deeds in real life.2. Walt Whitman(1) One’s Self I Sing1. What is the significance of singing about one's self? It is an exaltation of the individual spirit, which is typical of American people.2. What is the difference between physiology and physiognomy?Physiology is a science that deals with the functions and life process of human beings, whereas physiognomy refers to an art of judging character from contours of face itself or the appearance of a person.3. What does Whitman mean by the term of "the Modern Man"?He means that a man should be free from any prejudice and pride, totally different from the traditional one that is full of bias.(3) O Captain! My Captain!1. Why is the word "Captain" capitalized throughout the poem?In this poem the word “Captain” specially refers to Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States.2. What overall metaphor does the poet employ in this poem? Life is a journey.3. Why do people on the shores exult and bells ring, while the speaker remains so sad?They welcome the ship returning from its hard trip, whereas the speaker is sad because the captain fails to receive his own honor.3. Emily Dickinson(1) To Make a Prairie …1. What things are needed to "make" a prairie? In what sense can one really do it?Some grass and insects and small animals. People can make a prairie with their imagination. 2. How can "revery alone" create a prairie?The prairie stays in one's mind.(2) Success Is Counted Sweetest1. Why is success "counted sweetest by those who ne'er succeed"?Those who have tasted the bitterness of failure would have a keener desire for success.2. Who are "the purple host"?The so-called successful people in the world.3. Who is "he" in the last stanza? Anyone who is pursuing his success.(3)I'm nobody!1. Who are the "pair of us" and "they?"in this poem? The "pair of us" refers to the speaker in the poem and the reader, and "they" refers to the public, especially those in power.2. What does "an admiring bog" really mean?" (line 28). It implies the vain and empty common people, who are always admiring and pursuing the celebrities.3. What is the theme of this poem?The real admirable life is a secluded and common one.4. Do you want to be "nobody" or "somebody"? Explain your reasons. Different persons would have different answers to his question. Personally, I prefer to be nobody.Unit8 mark twainQuestions1: Why do you think Mr. Wheeler is so eager to tell these stories?From Mr. Wheeler’s behaviors and contents of his narration. First, when "I" asked him to tell "me" something about W. Smiley, he “backed me into a corner and blockaded me with his chair, and then sat down and reeled off the narrative”. And during the process of telling his stories, he never paid any attention to others' response to his story and just went on telling what amused him. At last when the listener felt boring and wanted to leave, Mr. Wheeler even didn't notice it and still asked him to sit there listening to him.Question2: Does his audience share his enthusiasm in telling the stories?No. the audience does not show any interest in Mr. Wheeler’ stories. In fact, the narrator was very feverish about his stories, but, in the eyes of the listener, the stories were very boring and had nothing to do with his preoccupation. As an educated man, the listener couldn't understand the way of laborers for joy, and he would never bother himself to understand it. So after the longtime of Mr. Wheeler’ solo narration and when the audience got a chance, he fled away. Question3: Do you think the narrator and his listener ever suspect the presence of humor? Why? How do you interpret their interactions?The narrator and his listener never noticed or suspected the presence of humor. During the intercourse, the narrator went vigorously on his monotonous narrative "without a little smiling" talking about the animals and the things like, while the listener felt rather puzzled or bothered by his stories. It seemed to be kind of coarse things. So the two different scenes go on separately without an intersection. And their interaction was a complete failure according tour common sense about communication. But it in this sense produced the effect of humor which can be tasted by our readers due to the skills adopted by Mark Twain .Unit14 The Great GatsbyDo you think G atsby deserv es to be called “the great”? Why?(1)I think it is too complicated to simply say Gatsby deserves to be ―great‖or not.For one thing, Gatsby was ambitious, hardworking, generous and passionate. He was so extremely loyal to his love and Daisy that he could do anything to get Daisy back. In this respect, he ismuch ―greater‖ than his contemporaries. For another thing, Gatsby never realized that Daisy wasn’t the girl he loved anymore. Gatsby was so innocent that he staked everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unworthy of him. He wasn’t sober enough to be great. 2.Does “the green light” Gatsby believed in exist in reality? Why orwhy not ?(1)I think ―the green light‖does not exist in reality. Because the green light which situated at th e end of Daisy’s East Egg dock and barely visible from West Egg lawn represents Gatsby’s unattainable dream. Although the color itself can be seen as hope and bright future, Gatsby’s quest for Daisy back is doomed to be impossible. Daisy livedin ―a materi al world without being real, where poor ghosts, breathing dream like air‖. The distinction between ideal and reality was huge. As if American dream between golden past and golden future always suffered from the realistic betrayal and crush.3.What does Gats by’s Schedule reveal about him and how does it relate to the American Dream?(1)The schedule is a reflection of Gatsby’s determination and ambition. It reveals that he is hard on himself in pursuitof his goal—to be an upper-class man.(2)On one hand, we can know that he is persistent in pursuing his American Dream-- to attain wealth and happiness through his struggle. On the other hand, he is too idealistic and naive. The girl he loves is as vulgar andsuperficial as others in her circle, she is unable to meetsGatsby’s romantic fantasy. So his dream is destined to shatter,which indicates the disillusion of American Dream. 4.Whenyou read the line “He (the man with owl-eyed glasses)took off his glasses and wiped them again, outside andin ,” what images does it create in your mind, given thenovel’s numerous references to the strikingly strangescene of the spectacled eyes?(1)From this line , superficially, owl-eyes is a person with thick and blurry glasses who can not see clearly all the things in the world. However, we know he is actually an owl-wise observer and sees more clearly than anyone else in the novel. Owl-Eyes, except Nick, is the only friend to appear at the rain-soaked burial of Gatsby, when others are unwilling to come. He feels sympathy for Gat sby’s tragedy.Unit 16 Ernest Hemingway1.How do you interpret the irony of the title after readingthe story?(1)The title ―A Clean Well-Lighted Place‖ refers to thecaféin the text. The caféwas very clean and well- lighted.From the literary meaning, we may feel this place was verywarm and comfortable, was a place where people needwarmth wanted to go. So the old man, who was rich butdeaf and lonely came here to find warmth and avoided nada.It was the only place he could go and could find somecomfort.(2)However, the younger waiter was very selfish.Therefore, he refused to offer the old man another cup ofwine by the excuse that the business was finished. This caféshould be warm but the younger waiter forced the lonely anddeaf to leave without any sympathy. This is the irony of thetitle.2.Do you think youth and confidence can help onewithstand the metaphorical dark?Why or why not?(1)I don’t think so.In our opinion, the m etaphorical darkmeans nada,nothing in one’s inner heart. In the article, the younger waiter had both youth and confidence; however, he never made full use of them. As we can see, he didn’t understand the old man’s suicide and excessive drinking, and failed to see his tomorrow through the old man’s present situation.3.The older wait er said to the younger waiter:“We are of two different kinds.” In what way do you think they are different? (1)I think they are different from each other in the following four aspects:In the beginning, they are in different ages.The older waiter was in his middle age; while the other was much younger.(2)Then, they have different attitudes towards the old man. From the article, the older waiter could understand the old manand show sympathy to him. However, the young man was very selfish. He showed hatred rather than sympathy to the old man.(3)Next, they have different attitudes towards life. The older waiter had a deep sense of life. He was brave and wanted to fight again nada. Besides, he cared about others. he has a shadow understanding of life. He satisfied with his present love and work, he only care about himself. He even never thought of his future.(4)Finally, they have different attitudes towards nada. The older waiter had realized that it is impossible to avoid nada in one’s whole life. The only thing h e can do is to keep a kind of clearness in his own mind. But out of youth and confidence, he failed to overcome nada. On the contrary, the younger waiter had the two most important factors for withstanding nada; however, he didn’t realize the nada in his heart at all. Then his youth a nd confidence became useless.Unit 17 20th -Century American Poets1.Ezra Pound In A Station of the Metro1.Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians "apparition"?These pedestrians are all walking in a hurry amidst the drizzling rain. What do "petals" and "bough" stand for? Petals refer to the faces while the bough stands for the floating crowd.2.Wallace Stevens Anecdote of the Jar1.What does the jar in poem symbolize? Why does the speaker place it on top of a hill?The jar here symbolizes a certain perspective on looking at this world. If the perspective of the viewing iscreative and unique, it will change the conventional order of the old world. When a new perspective comes out, it will certainly hold attention from the rest.2. The jar is "round" and "of a port in air," meaning that it has a stately importance. What effect does it have on surroundings when placed on the ground? Maybe the round jar assumes the air of a domineering figure, which helps to form a certain order out of the disordered surrounding.3. How did the wilderness of Tennessee characterized? What words or phrases does the poet use to describe it?Tennessee seems to a place full of life and energy. “Slovenly,” “sprawl” and “wild” are some of the words used to describe the place. (See Anecdote of the Jar ) 3.Robert Frost(1)Fire and Ice 1. What are the symbolic meanings of fire in this poem? Fire symbolizes natural disaster, human passion, as well as war. 2. Why does the speaker say that ice is also great for destruction? Explain what ice stands for here. Ice, oppose to fire, is also a dreadful natural disaster in this world, and ice is always related to indifference, coldness, hatred, and the other negative sentiments of human beings. 3. What is your opinion about fire and ice? Which one is more destructive? Both fire and ice can destroy this beautiful world if they are beyond control of human beings. Therefore we should be open-minded and reduce our prejudice and pride so as to keep this world in peace.(2)Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening 1. In your opinion, what was the reason that made the speaker stop by the woods on a snowy evening? The poet was deeply attracted by the natural beauty of the scene at that very moment. 2. Why did the horse give the harness bell a shake? The horse grew impatient by stopping in the middle of the dark, cold woods at midnight. It was eager to go home.3. Why couldn't the speaker stay longer by the woods to appreciate its mysterious beauty? He realized that it was late at night and he would have to hurry home to get some food and sleep, because the next morning he would have a lot of work to do.4. What is the effect of repetition in the last two lines? The refrain-like repetition in the last two lines reminds the reader a simple fact of life: whatever happens, one must go forward in the journey of his or her life.(3) The Road Not Taken 1. What is the speaker's initial response to the divergence of the two roads? The speaker is at a loss which road he should choose, and he feels sorry that he cannot explore both roads at the same time. 2. Describe the similarities and differences of these two roads. Which one does the speaker take?Two roads are similar except one of them is more “grassy,” which impl ies that it is less traveled by people. The speaker prefers the less traveled one, because he likes adventure. 3. What might the two roads stand for in the speaker's mind? One road stands for the traditional one and the other is unconventional one and full of challenges and difficulties. To follow other people's footsteps or to open a new road for himself is really not an easy decision for us to make in our lives.。
英国文学史及选读1翻译
英国文学史及选读1翻译第一部分：英国文学史概述英国文学拥有悠久的历史，自中世纪晚期开始至今，经历了多个重要时期的发展和变革。
本文档旨在概述英国文学史的主要阶段，并进行部分重要作品的选读翻译。
1. 中世纪文学中世纪文学是英国文学史的起点，主要以教会为中心。
其中最著名的作品之一是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales），由乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）创作于14世纪末。
本书以描绘各式各样的故事和人物为特色，反映了当时社会的面貌。
部分作品翻译示例：•坎特伯雷故事集（精选）–故事一：“骑士故事”（The Knight’s Tale）在古代雅典，有两位骑士为了同样的女性而展开激烈的角逐。
–故事二：“约翰故事”（The Miller’s Tale）一位老蠢材告诉了关于一位受骗的年轻学者和一个花心的妻子的故事。
2. 文艺复兴时期文艺复兴时期是英国文学史上的黄金时期，涌现出许多重要的作家和作品。
莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）是这一时期的代表性人物，他的作品包括戏剧、sonnet 等多种形式。
此外，约翰·密尔顿（John Milton）的《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）也被认为是文艺复兴时期的经典之作。
部分作品翻译示例：•莎士比亚戏剧选读-《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）-《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）-《麦克白》（Macbeth）•约翰·密尔顿《失乐园》（选读）探讨人类起源、罪恶和救赎的叙事诗，描述了亚当和夏娃被逐出伊甸园的故事。
3.18世纪启蒙运动18世纪是英国文学史上启蒙运动的时期，以理性和思想自由为核心。
重要的作家包括弥尔顿（John Milton），斯威夫特（Jonathan Swift）和詹姆斯·麦克菲尔（James Macpherson）。
部分作品翻译示例：•斯威夫特《格列佛游记》（选读）这本小说通过一个航海家的冒险旅程，揭示了社会和政治问题，具有强烈的讽刺意味。
英美文学选读英国部分第一章文艺复兴时期
英美文学选读中文翻译及重点习题答案英国文学(AMERICAN LITERATURE)第一章文艺复兴时期(The Renaissance Period)二、背景知识(Background knowledge)1、历史文化背景(Historical and cultural background)(1)文艺复兴是从中世纪向近代过渡时期发生在欧洲许多国家的一场思想文化运动。
它是在一些历史因素的合力作用下而引发的，如对希腊罗马古典文化的重新发现，宗教改革运动，地理和自然科学领域的探索，以及资本主义经济的扩张等。
(2)人文主义是文艺复兴的主要特征。
它颂扬人性，强调以“人”为本，宣传个性解放，反对神秘主义和中古神权，反对野蛮和兽性。
(3)16世纪的宗教改革导致了新教的创立。
英格兰同罗马教皇的决裂最初源于国王亨利八世决定与其第一位妻子离婚但遭到教皇否决。
宗教教义的改革则发生在后来的爱德华六世和女王伊丽莎白一世统治期间。
(4)工商业持续发展，中产阶级逐渐壮大，非神职人员获得受教育的机会，王权巩固，宫廷成为文化生活的中心，以及海外扩张和科学探索日益拓展人们的视野，所有这些都为文学提供了新的推动力和发展方向。
威廉·卡克斯顿首次将印刷术介绍到英国，使那里的出版社迅速增加，随之而来的是印刷书籍的繁荣。
2、英国文艺复兴时期文学的特点(Features of English Renaissance literature)(1) 诗歌(Poetry)开创文艺复兴时期一代新的华丽诗风的两个最重要的人物是菲利普·悉尼爵士和埃德蒙·斯宾塞。
在他们的抒情和叙事作品中，展现出一种词藻华丽、精雕细琢的文风。
到16世纪末，出现了两类新的诗歌风格。
第一类以约翰·邓恩和其他玄学派诗人为代表；第二类风格的典范是本·琼森和他所代表的流派。
英国文艺复兴时期的最后一位大诗人是清教作家约翰·密尔顿，他的诗歌具有惊人的震撼力和优雅的韵致，同时传达出深邃的思想。
英美文学史及选读1(12级及以前年级)School for Scandal
THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDALby Richard Brinsley SheridanTHE AUTHORRichard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816) was born in Dublin to a mother who was a playwright and a father who was an actor. He thus came by his talents honestly, though he far exceeded the modest accomplishments of his parents. Already one of the most brilliant and witty dramatists of the English stage before the age of thirty, he gave up his writing and went on to become the owner and producer of the Drury Lane theater, a well-regarded Whig member of the English Parliament, and a popular man-about-town.Despite his family’s poverty, he attended Harrow, a famous prep school, though he appears to have been unhappy there, largely because the rich boys at the school looked down on him because of his humble origins. The bitter taste of his school years drove his later ambitions, both for literary and political success and for acceptance in the highest strata of society. He used his profits from his writing to buy the theater and his profits from the theater to finance his political career and socially-active lifestyle.Sheridan was a tireless lover and a man who, no matter how much he earned, always managed to spend more. In 1772, he married a lovely young singer named Elizabeth Ann Linley; she had already, before her twentieth birthday, attracted the attention of several wealthy suitors twice her age, but she and Sheridan eloped to France without the knowledge or permission of either set of parents. Though she loved him deeply, he was not a one-woman sort of man, and his constant infidelities led to a temporary separation in 1790. She died of tuberculosis shortly thereafter, and Sheridan married Hester Jane Ogle, a girl half his age, three years later, though again he was frequently unfaithful to his long-suffering wife.As a writer, Sheridan leaped to the attention of the theater-going public in 1775, when The Rivals and The Duenna, a light opera, reached the stage. In 1777 he produced his most famous comedy, The School for Scandal. After the debut of The Critic in 1779, he gave up writing and turned to producing, politics, and high living. As a result of a complete inability to handle money or follow a budget, a lifestyle that far exceeded his income, and lifelong bouts of drunkenness and debauchery, when Sheridan lost his seat in Parliament, he was left as a sick old man, carted off to the poorhouse by the local constabulary. His second wife stayed by his side to the end, and he died in poverty in July of 1816, but was buried with honors in Westminster Abbey.The School for Scandal is considered by many to be the finest comedy of manners ever written in the English language. The witty dialogue, exaggerated characterizations, and confusions associated with mistaken identity place the play on the same level as the best of Moliere’s works. On a more serious level, the play deals very effectively with themes such as the corrosive nature of gossip, the fragility of reputation, and the differences between appearance and reality. Like all of Sheridan’s work, The School for Scandal assumes a certain nimbleness of mind on the part of the audience, along with an ability to follow a sometimes-confusing plot and fast-paced twists of language.MAJOR CHARACTERS•Sir Peter Teazle - A benevolent and wealthy gentleman who has a young wife and a ward, Maria. He took Joseph and Charles Surface under his care after the death of their father, but they are now independent because of the inheritance received from their uncle. Sir Peter favors Joseph as a future husband for Maria and disapproves of Charles.•Lady Teazle - Sir Peter’s wife, she is much younger than he is; they have only been married for six months. She is a simple country girl who has been spoiled by her husband’s wealth, so that she squanders his fortune and the two quarrel constantly.•Maria - Sir Peter’s ward, she is beloved by both Joseph and Charles Surface, but loves only Charles.•Joseph Surface - An upright young man in appearance but in reality a hypocrite, he is in love with Maria, but, being rebuffed by her, seeks the help of Lady Sneerwell to obtain her affection.•Charles Surface - A dissipated rake with a good heart, he is beloved by both Maria and Lady Sneerwell.•Sir Oliver Surface - Uncle to Joseph and Charles, he has given them an inheritance that has allowed them to become independent since they have come of age. He returns incognito after sixteen years in India and decides to test the characters of his nephews.•Lady Sneerwell - A widow who loves to create and spread gossip, she is a neighbor of Sir Peter and is secretly in love with Charles Surface, thus desires to help Joseph obtain Maria’s affection.•Snake - Part of Lady Sneerwell’s circle who helps her in her schemes, but is out for his own interests.•Sir Benjamin Backbite - Also in love with Maria, he fancies himself a poet and is a dreadful gossip.•Crabtree - Sir Benjamin’s uncle; also a gossip.•Mrs. Candour - A professedly kindhearted woman who speaks well of everyone in sucha way as to ruin their reputations in the process.•Rowley - The steward of Joseph and Charles’ deceased father, he plots with Sir Oliver to unveil the true characters of Joseph and Charles.•Moses - A Jewish man to whom Charles owes a great deal of money.•Trip - Charles’ servant.•Careless and Sir Toby Bumper - Friends of Charles.NOTABLE QUOTATIONS“To my knowledge, she has been the cause of six matches being broken off, and three sons being disinherited; of four forced elopements, and as many close confinements; nine separate maintenances, and two divorces.” (Snake, Ii, p.235)“There is no advantage in not knowing him, for he’ll abuse a stranger just as soon as his best friend.” (Joseph, Ii, p.238)“Wit loses its respect for me when I see it in company with malice.” (Maria, Ii, p.238)“Tale bearers are as bad as the tale makers.” (Mrs. Candour, Ii, p.240)“When an old bachelor marries a young wife, he deserves - no - the crime carries its punishment along with it.” (Sir Peter, Iii, p.246)“What though I was educated in the country, I know very well that women of fashion in London are accountable to nobody after they are married.” (Lady Teazle, IIi, p.247)“But I bear no malice against the people I abuse: when I say an ill natured thing, ‘tis out of pure good humor; and I take it for granted they deal exactly in the same manner with me.” (Lady Teazle, IIi, p.249)“True wit is more nearly allied to good nature than your ladyship is aware of.” (Sir Peter, IIii, p.253)“If he suspects me without cause, it follows, that the best way of curing his jealousy is to give him reason for’t?” (Lady Teazle, IViii, p.279)NOTESAct I, scene 1 - After a prologue spoken by Sir Peter Teazle, the play begins in the dressing room of Lady Sneerwell. She is speaking to Snake, her servant, about his success in spreading the latest gossip among her acquaintances. She apparently was injured by scandal in her younger days and has spent her life taking revenge on whomever is unlucky enough to come within the reach of her venom. She is presently targeting her neighbor, Sir Peter Teazle, and the two young men under his care, both of whom are in love with his ward Maria. Lady Sneerwell loves Charles, a rake who loves Maria and is beloved by her; Joseph, on the other hand, has a reputation for uprightness, but is secretly a scoundrel, and seeks Lady Sneerwell’s help to obtain Maria’s affections. Joseph arrives and informs Lady Sneerwell that Charles is as dissipated as ever and is unable to spend time with Maria. He warns her against trusting Snake, who has been spending time with Rowley, his father’s former steward. Maria arrives, trying to avoid the attentions of another suitor, Sir Benjamin Backbite; she hates him because he is a terrible gossip, abusing friends and strangers alike, as is his uncle, Crabtree. Mrs. Candour then comes in; she speaks well of everyone, but her defenses of their characters are worse than the gossip of the slanderers. She immediately begins reporting all the latest gossip while trusting that it is not true. Sir Benjamin and Crabtree then arrive, and begin talking about the scandals of their acquaintances. When the conversation turns to Charles and his impending bankruptcy, Maria gets fed up with the whole thing and leaves, followed by Mrs. Candour. Lady Sneerwell and Joseph agree to continue their plotting against Charles and Maria.Act I, scene 2 - In Sir Peter Teazle’s house, he speaks to the audience of his recent marriage to a much younger country girl. He thought she enjoyed simple pleasures, but she has been spoiled by sudden wealth, and the two quarrel constantly. When Rowley, old Surface’s former steward, comes in, Sir Peter pours out his woes - a quarrelsome wife who is always wrong about everything and a ward who refuses his choice of a husband for her (Joseph) in favor of his profligate brother Charles. Rowley differs from his assessment, arguing that Charles, though undoubtedly having his problems, will soon overcome them, even as his father had done before him. Rowley tells Sir Peter that Sir Oliver Surface has returned from the East Indies, not having been in England for sixteen years, but wishes his return to be kept secret from his nephews because he wants to learn something of their characters. Because Sir Peter and Sir Oliver are old friends and have sworn for years that they would never marry, Sir Peter insists that he and his wife must put on the appearance of a happy marriage before him.Act II, scene 1 - Sir Peter and Lady Teazle are quarreling, both about her extravagance and about her expenses, though he can’t help but love her dearly. They prepare to visit Lady Sneerwell. Act II, scene 2 - Meanwhile, at Lady Sneerwell’s house, Maria has regained her composure and comes in with Lady Teazle, who immediately joins the never-ending gossip of the gathering. When Sir Peter arrives, he is disgusted by the conversation, in which the group tears apart their closest friends and relations. After the others leave, Joseph tries again to press his suit with Maria, who shows no inclination to favor him. When Lady Teazle comes in, Joseph speaks in such a way as to lead her to believe that Maria is spreading gossip about Lady Teazle and Joseph. No such relationship exists, but the conversation gives them both ideas. When Joseph is leftalone, he wonders how long he can keep up the pretense of honor before his true nature is found out.Act II, scene 3 - Rowley is talking with Sir Oliver, telling him about Sir Peter’s recent marriage. He notes that one reason why Sir Peter dislikes Charles is that he suspects a certain tenderness between him and Lady Teazle - a rumor that has been fanned by the local scandalmongers. Sir Oliver is determined to support the otherwise-friendless Charles if he finds him deserving. Sir Peter comes in and the two old friends are reunited. Sir Peter tells Sir Oliver about his nephews, insisting that Charles is a scoundrel and Joseph a paragon, but Sir Oliver wonders if Joseph can be as good as advertised and still manage to avoid the rough tongues of the gossips. Sir Oliver tells Sir Peter that he intends to remain incognito while determining the characters of his nephews. Act III, scene 1 - Back at Sir Peter’s house, Rowley unfolds his scheme to him. An unfortunate man named Stanley, an old friend of the family, has come upon hard times and has been writing to Joseph and Charles asking for help. Joseph has put him off, while Charles has promised to do what he can given his straitened circumstances. Rowley proposes that Sir Oliver introduce himself as Stanley, and thus test the qualities of the two boys. Soon Moses comes in - he is a Jewish man to whom Charles owes a great deal of money. Moses tells them that he has offered to help Charles by introducing him to a moneylender in the city named Premium. Sir Peter then suggests that Sir Oliver pretend to be Premium and talk with Charles, and later present himself as Stanley to Joseph. Moses and the others coach Sir Oliver about how a moneylender acts and speaks [Sheridan uses this opportunity to satirize the English financial world]. After they leave, Sir Peter decides to talk to Joseph to get the truth about the rumors concerning Lady Teazle and Charles. Maria arrives first, and Sir Peter again badgers her about marrying Joseph, which she resolutely refuses to consider. Lady Teazle then comes in, and Sir Peter tries to cajole her into a good mood, reminiscing about the days of their courtship. She simply asks for more money and the two soon start quarreling about who is responsible for their quarrels. He finally loses his temper and accuses her of dallying with Charles, then threatens separation or divorce. She says that separation is just fine with her, for then they will for once be happy in their marriage.Act III, scene 2 - Moses and Sir Oliver, pretending to be Premium, arrive at Charles’ house, where Charles’ servant, Trip, attempts to wheedle more money out of Moses. This gives Sir Oliver an immediate bad impression about the household and the way it is run.Act III, scene 3 - Charles is hosting a dinner party for some of his friends, and they bemoan the lack of wine and wit in a society that cares nothing for money; all are somewhat inebriated. His friends tease him to reveal the name of his true love, and he tells them he loves Maria. Sir Toby Bumper leads the group in a song in praise of women of all sorts. Moses and “Premium” come in, and the men try to get them drunk. Premium refuses their drink, and the two get down to business. Charles admits he needs money badly, but the only security he can offer is the expectation of wealth from his rich uncle in the Indies (who is, of course, the man with whom he is speaking). Charles suggests a life insurance policy on Sir Oliver, to be paid out after he dies. Premium objects that he might not see his money for years, but Charles assures him that his uncle is in remarkably bad health and can’t last much longer. Premium says that he has heard that Sir Oliver is doing very well, and in fact might arrive in England soon, but Charles insists that he isstill in Calcutta. In the course of the conversation, Sir Oliver finds that Charles has already sold the family heirlooms and his father’s library, and offers to sell the family portraits in the sitting room. Sir Oliver, inwardly fuming and swearing never to forgive him for his carelessness, agrees to buy the pictures.Act IV, scene 1 - Charles takes Sir Oliver and Moses up to see the pictures and makes unpleasant comments about their quality. He then auctions them off to “Premium” for relatively low prices. Finally they come to a portrait of Sir Oliver himself. After further unpleasant comments, Charles refuses to sell the picture since his uncle has been so good to him, even when he is offered more for that than for all the others combined. Sir Oliver is now in a fine mood, and decides to forgive Charles all his extravagance. He leaves without Charles knowing his identity. Charles tells Rowley that he will use some of the money to help his friend Stanley, but refuses to pay his debts to tradesmen, arguing that such a thing will only encourage them to expect payment in the future. Act IV, scene 2 - Rowley tells Sir Oliver about what Charles intends to do with the money, but Sir Oliver is so pleased that he refused to sell his picture that he decides to pay his debts and send money to Stanley, too. Trip tries again to borrow money from Moses.Act IV, scene 3 - This scene takes place in Joseph’s library. Lady Teazle comes in and Joseph tries to convince her that he is in love with her and not Maria, and that she should get revenge on her husband by establishing a relationship with him. A servant announces Sir Peter, and Lady Teazle hides behind a screen in panic. Sir Peter sits down and unburdens his heart to Joseph about his concern for his wife. He is afraid she is fooling around with Charles. Joseph, of course, denies knowledge of any such thing. Sir Peter tells Joseph that he intends to give his wife a large allowance and leave most of his estate to her when he dies. Joseph is sorry that Lady Teazle, from behind the screen, hears all this; things get even worse when Sir Peter brings up the subject of Joseph’s affection for Maria. A servant announces Charles’ arrival, and Joseph tells him to bring him up, hoping to cut short Sir Peter’s conversation. Sir Peter, however, suggests that he hide himself so that Joseph can question Charles about his relationship with Lady Teazle. He goes to duck behind the screen, but finds it already occupied. Joseph pulls him away before he can see who is behind the screen, and tells him it is a little milliner who has been plaguing him with her attentions. Sir Peter hides in a closet instead. The two poke their heads out several times, each always missing seeing the other, before Charles enters. Joseph asks him if he has any interest in Lady Teazle, and he denies it, insisting he loves Maria, but he then says that he knows of Joseph’s interest in Sir Peter’s wife. He keeps trying to give examples of their tender feelings, but Joseph stops him, finally telling him that Sir Peter is hiding in the closet. Charles pulls him out of hiding, and Sir Peter expresses his new good opinion of Charles, having heard him deny any interest in Lady Teazle. A servant tells Joseph that Lady Sneerwell has arrived, and he goes to send her away. Meanwhile, Sir Peter tells Charles that Joseph is not such a saint as he had imagined, since he had a girl in the room when he arrived, and that she was at this moment hiding behind the screen. Charles insists on looking behind the screen, but Sir Peter says that he should not, since Joseph is on his way upstairs again. Just as Joseph reenters the room, Charles takes down the screen, revealing Lady Teazle. Joseph stammers out an explanation, which Lady Teazle immediately contradicts. She tells Sir Peter about Joseph’s attempt to seduce her, and swears that Sir Peter’s expressions of love for her had changed her attitude completely. Sir Peter denounces Joseph and stomps out of the house in anger.Act V, scene 1 - Still in Joseph’s library, the servant announces the arrival of Mr. Stanley. Joseph has no desire to see him, knowing that he intends to ask for money, but tells the servant to show him up. Sir Oliver enters in the character of Stanley, and Rowley along with him. After Rowley leaves, Joseph greets “Stanley” warmly, but says he has nothing to offer him, since he has little money. Stanley says that surely he might share some of the bounty he has received from his uncle, but Joseph claims that Sir Oliver has given him nothing but a few paltry gifts. In fact, Joseph insists that he is poverty-stricken because he has lent so much his money to his wastrel brother Charles. Sir Oliver swears to himself that Charles, rather than Joseph, will be his heir. After “Stanley” leaves, Rowley reenters and tells Joseph that his uncle Sir Oliver has arrived. Joseph prepares himself for another piece of bad timing.Act V, scene 2 - Meanwhile, at Sir Peter’s house, Mrs. Candour, Lady Sneerwell, Sir Benjamin, and Crabtree have gathered. All have different stories about what happened in Joseph’s library: some say the lover was Joseph, some Charles; some insist that Sir Peter fought a duel with swords with the culprit, and some say the fight was with pistols and that Sir Peter is seriously wounded. When Sir Oliver enters, they think he is the doctor and begin plying him with questions about Sir Peter’s condition. At that moment Sir Peter himself walks in, clearly in perfect health. All begin to jabber at him at once, and he throws all the gossips out of his house. Sir Peter asks if Rowley and Sir Oliver know of his scandalous discovery, and they admit that they do, and have a great deal of trouble restraining their laughter while discussing it. Sir Oliver begs Sir Peter to forgive his wife, and as the scene ends, he prepares to go to her and restore the relationship. Meanwhile, Sir Oliver heads back to Joseph’s house to reveal himself in his true character to both his nephews. Act V, scene 3 - Back in Joseph’s library, he and Lady Sneerwell are quarreling. She regrets the fact that now Charles will surely obtain Sir Peter’s permission to marry Maria (when she wanted him for herself), and accuses Joseph of being a great blunderer; he, of course, wanted Maria for himself, and now sees no way of obtaining her. He sees one glimmer of hope in the possibility of putting Snake up to producing forged letters affirming Charles’ prior relationship with Lady Teazle. When Sir Oliver is announced, Joseph insists that Lady Sneerwell hide. Sir Oliver enters, but Joseph thinks he is Stanley. “Stanley” insists on meeting Sir Oliver and asking him for charity, but Joseph, refuses, trying to push him out of the room. Before he can do so, Charles enters and demands to know why Joseph is manhandling his broker Premium. The two brothers argue over the man’s identity, but both agree he must leave before Sir Oliver arrives; they then both try to push him out the door. Before they can do so, Sir Peter enters with Lady Teazle, Maria, and Rowley, and all identify Sir Oliver. He, Sir Peter, and Lady Teazle all denounce Joseph. Charles expects the same treatment, but is amazed to find Sir Oliver benevolent toward him because of his true gratitude for his uncle’s generosity. Sir Peter is now prepared to give Maria to Charles. Joseph makes one last attempt to blacken Charles’ name with Lady Sneerwell’s introduction of Snake’s forged letters, but Snake, having been paid twice as much by Rowley, admits they are forgeries. Lady Sneerwell leaves the room in a huff, followed by Joseph. Sir Peter and Sir Oliver announce that Charles and Maria will be married the following morning, and Charles determines to reform his dissolute ways. The play ends with an epilogue spoken by Lady Teazle.。
英美文学选读1.The Renaissance Period
1. Generally speaking, the Old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups: the religious group and the secular one.2. Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded as the epic of the Anglo-Saxons.3. Geoffrey Chaucer is one of the greatest poets in English.●The Renaissance Period (14th---mid17th)◆William Shakespeare: (38 plays, 154 sonnets, 2 long poems)1.作品：Henry IV, The Merchant of Venice, Romeo and Juliet, Sonnet 18, The Tempest2. Greatest tragedies:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth.3. The Tempest is known as the best of Shakespeare’s final romance. The playwright resorts and to the supernatural atmosphere and to the dreams to solve the conflict. And this play is also a typical example of his pessimistic view towards human life and society in his late years.4. William Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principal that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.5.Try to analyze Hamlet Hamlet is a man of speculation, umbrage and contemplation.Hamlet is neither a frail and weak minded youth nor a thought sick dreamer. He has none of the single minded blood lust of the earlier revengers. It is not because he is incapable of action, but because the cast of his mind is so speculative, so questioning and so contemplative that action, when it finally comes, seems almost like defeat. Trapped in a nightmare world of spying, testing and plotting, and apparently bearing the intolerable burden of the duty to revenge his father's death, Hamlet is obliged to inhabit a shadow world, to live suspended between fact and fiction, language and action. His life is one of constant role playing, examining the nature of action only to deny its possibility, for he is too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger. By characterizing Hamlet, Shakespeare successfully makes a philosophical exploration of life and death. Hamlet is also a humanist, a man who is free from medieval prejudices and superstitions. He has an unbounded love for the world rather than heaven. He cherishes a profound reverence for man and a firm belief in man's power over destiny.6. What did Shakespeare criticize in his play?The conscientious playwright criticized various kinds of human vices and sins, like greed, betrayal, pride, prejudice and deception, including acts of social inequality, sexual and racial discriminations in plays such as The Merchant of Venice and The Tempest. In his tragedies, he condemned the hypocrisy, treachery and general corruption at the royal court. He does not hesitate to describe the cruelty and anti-natural character of the civil wars against religious persecution and the corrupting influence of money and gold. In King Lear, he criticized the bourgeois egoism while he feared anarchy, hated rebellion and despised democracy.7. Soliloquy is a nature medium for Hamletto release his anguish.8.The theme of Sonnet 18 is that a nicesummer’s day is usually transient, but thebeauty in poetry can last for ever.9.Discuss the four periods ofShakespeare’s dramatic career.The first period of Shakespeare’s dramaticcareer was one of apprenticeship. He wrotefive history plays (e.g. Henry VI), fourcomedies (The Comedy of Errors). In thesecond period, Shak espeare’s style andapproach became highly individualized. Hewrote five histories (e.g. Henry IV), sixcomedies (The Merchant of Venice) andtwo tragedies (e.g. Romeo and Juliet). Histhird period includes his greatest' tragedies(e.g. Hamlet) and his so called darkcomedies (Measure for Measure). The lastperiod includes his principal romantictragicomedies (The Tempest).10. Briefly discuss Shakespeare’s artisticachievement in characterization, plotconstruction and languageA. Shakespeare’s major char acters areneither merely individual ones nor typeones; they represent certain types; they areindividuals representing certain types. Byemploying a psycho-analytical approach,Shakespeare succeeds in exploring thecharacters’inner world. Shakespeare alsoportrays his characters in pairs. Contrastsare frequently used to bring vividness to hischaracters.B. Shakespeare seldom invents his own plot;instead, he borrows them form old plays orstorybooks, from ancient Greek or Romansources. In order to make the play morelively and compact, he would shorten thetime and intensity the story. There areusually several clues running through theplay, thus providing the story with suspenseand apprehension.C. Shakespeare can write skillfully indifferent poetic forms, such as the sonnet,the blank verse and the rhymed couplet. Hehas an amazing wealth of vocabulary andidiom. His coinage of new words anddistortion of the meaning of the old wordsalso creates striking effects on the reader.11. About the four tragedies: What arethe characteristic of the four tragedies incommon? Briefly summarize each hero’sweakness of natureEach portrays some noble hero, who facesthe injustice of human life and is caught ina difficult situation and whose fate isclosely connected with the fate of the wholenation.Each hero has his weakness of nature:Hamlet, the melancholic scholar-prince,faces the dilemma between action and mind;Othello’s inner weakness is made use of bythe outside evil force; the old king Lear isunwilling to totally give up his power; andMacbeth's lust for power stirs up hisambition and leads him to incessant crimes.◆John Milton1.作品：Paradise Lost，Paradise Regained，Samson Agonistes，Lycidas2.John Milton’s greatest poetical workParadise Lost is the only generallyacknowledged epic in English literaturesince Beowulf3.His literary achievement can be dividedinto 3 groups: the early poetic works, themiddle prose pamphlets and the last greatpoems.4. Milton wrote his three major poeticalworks after the Restoration.5. Paradise Lost is taken from Genesis ofthe Bible; the theme is “the fall of man”6. According to the setting of the poemParadise Lost, discuss the theme, theauthor’s intention to create it and theimplication that the poem expresses.A. The theme of the poem Paradise Lost isthe "Fall of Man”, i. e. man's disobedienceand the loss of Paradise, with its primecause-Satan.B. The author's intention to write this poemis to expose the ways of Satan and to"justify the ways of God to men".C. In this poem, the author implicitlyexpresses his fundamental concern withfreedom and choice and his belief that theunquestionable truth of Biblical revelationmeans that an all knowing God was just inallowing Adam and Eve to be tempted andof their free will to choose sin and itsinevitable punishment.7. What is M ilton’s fundamental concernin Paradise Lost?At the center of the conflict between humanlove and spiritual duty lies M ilton’sfundamental concern with freedom andchoice. The theme is the” Fall of Man,” i. e.man’s disobedience and the loss of Paradise.In the fall of man Adam discovered his fullhumanity. The freedom of the will is thekeystone of Milton's creed.1.Shall I compare thee to a summerday?thou art more lovely an d moretemperate:rough winds do shake thedarling buds of May.adn summers leasehath all too short a date:答：sonnet 18,ShakespeareSpeech Figure PersonificationThem of the poem:A nice summer’s day isusually transient but the beauty in poetrycan last forever.2.So long as men can breathe or eyes cansee,/So long lives this,and this gives life tothee.答：Implication of the work: the beauty inpoety can last forever,Idea of the two line express:Shakespeare’sfaith in the permanence of poetry.3.For herein Fortune shows herself morekind/than is he custom.It is still her use/Tolet the wretched man outlive his wealth/toview with hollow eye and wrinkledbrow/An age of poverty:from which lingring penance/Of such misery doth she cutme off.答：Shakespeare, She refer to Fortune.Mean:Antonio thinks Fortune is more kindtoward him because Fortune is taking awayboth his wealth and life,which meansAntomio will not feel the pain of losingeverything.4.To be or not to be-that is the question:答：William Shakespeare, Hamlet.Mean:To live on in this world or to die:tosuffer or to take action.Characteristic of the protagonist:He is aman of speculation,umbrage andcontemplationWhat does the third line imply:Theprotagonist lived in a world that was full oftrouble, and he was often determined totake up arms against troubles that sweepupon him like a sea,But he did not succeed.5. If thou beest he -but O how fallen! Howchanged/From him who in the happyrealms of light/Clothed with transcendentbrightness didst outshine/Myriads,thoughbright! If he whom mutual league /Unitedthoughts and counsels,equal hope/Andhazard in the glorious enterprise,/Joinedwith me once,now misery hath joined/Inequal ruin:into what pit thou seest...答：Paradise lost John MiltonThe story is taken from Genesis of theBible,The theme is the Fall of Man.What does the poet intend to do in writingit? Intended to expose the ways of Satanand to “justify the ways of God to men.The word he refers to God.。
英美文学选读(1)
英美文学选读（1）Selected Readings of British and American Literature (1)一、基本信息课程代码：2020123课程学分： 2面向专业：英语课程性质：专业必修课课程类型：理论教学课开课院系：外国语学院英语系使用教材：主教材：1.《英国文学史及选读》（第1册）（第1版）；吴伟仁编，外语教学与研究出版社，2008.2.《英国文学史及选读》（第2册）（第1版）；吴伟仁编，外语教学与研究出版社，2008.参考教材：1.《新编英国文学》，罗经国编，外语教学与研究出版社，2010.2.《英国文学简史》，刘炳善，河南人民出版社，2001.先修课程：《基础英语》（1-4）并修课程：《高级英语》（1）后续课程：《英美文学选读》（2）二、课程简介英美文学选读课程主要从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，介绍英美两国文学各历史阶段的主要背景，文学文化思潮，文学流派，社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格和思想意义等。
本课程旨在培养英语专业学生理解、掌握英美文学的基本理论知识和鉴赏英美文学原著的能力。
英美文学课程的开设有利于提高学生的语言运用能力、提升学生对文学原著鉴赏的水平，培养学生的文学审美意识，使学生在宏观把握文学课程的知识点的同时，增强语言功底，增强对英美文学原著的理解，特别是对作品中表现的社会生活和人物思想感情的理解，增强他们分析作品的艺术特色的能力、掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法，对英美两国文学形成与发展的全貌有一个概括的了解，为以后的研究打下坚实基础。
三、选课建议英美文学选读课程是英语专业高年级学生的必修课程，属于提升拔高课程，其前提是学生应具有扎实的语言基本功、一定的文学知识和初步的科学研究方法。
四、课程与培养学生能力的关联性五、课程学习目标通过本课程的学习，学生应知道英美两国文学的形成与发展过程，熟悉部分西方文化，了解西方主要文学流派和主要文学作家，理解文学的本质与基本特征，掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。
英美文学选读 习题1
答案：survival|fittest|fate|mysterious |supernatural|force|impotent|Fate
【题型：阅读】【分数：4分】得分：0分
[3]1.“When the stars threw down their spears,
And water’d heaven with their tears,
Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee ?”
Questions:
A. Who’s the poet of the quoted stanza?
B. Whom does the“he”refer to?
C. What does the“Lamb”symbolize?
Bromanticism
Ctranscendentalism
Dcubism
答：
答案：A
【题型：论述】【分数：10分】得分：0分
[2]Why is Hardy regarded as a naturalistic writer in English literature? Discuss in relation to his novels you know.
DD. A Farewell to Arms
答：
答案：C
【题型：阅读】【分数：4分】得分：0分
[7]
“‘Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? So you think I am an automoton?—a machine without feelings? And can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?—You think wrong!—I have as much as you and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, or even of mortal flesh:—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal—as we are!’”
英国文学史及选读1
英国文学史及选读11.H istorical BackgroundCelts 400B.C. Romans 50B.C. Anglo―Saxons 450A.D Norman Invasion 1066A.D. Roman empire从albion撤军，teutonic tribes(包括angles, Saxons,jutes)（条顿人or日耳曼人）陆续登陆此地。
2. Literature 1,pagan异教徒文学2 christian基督徒文学alliterative verse头韵诗Epic: Beowulf贝奥武甫（Denmark背景）（the hall heorot 鹿兀grendel:a monster half-human）1) Oral origin, recited in court, handed down in generations until finally it was recorded by certain poet.上下部分由pagan写，插入由christian写。
2) a mixture of history and legend.，england’s nationalepic 民国史诗诺曼时期1.H istorical BackgroundRoman conquest,接着是english conquest，最后是norman conquest。
The Norman Conquest in 1066Duke William of Normandy claimed himself William I, King of England.（the battle of hastings希斯廷战役）Kings―Barons男爵―Knights, a feudal system of hierarchy统治集团was formed。
2.T he language3.The literatureRomance was a type of literature that was very popularin the Middle Ages. It is about the life and adventures undertaken by a knight.It reflected the spirit of chivalry骑士制度. The content of romance: love, chivalry and religion. It involves fighting, adventures.Subject matter:Geoffrey’s History杰弗里《史记》，riming chronicles押韵编年史，metricalverse格律诗体，doggerel verse打油诗体1)t he Matter of France eg. Charlemagne and his peers查理曼大帝和他的骑士2)M atter of Greece and Rome eg Akexabder亚历山大大帝3)M atter of Britain tales having for their heroes Arthurand his knights of the Round Table3.m ain literatureSir Gawain and the green knight.高文爵士和绿衣骑士（arthur，gawain,green knight, morgain the fay-woman妖精摩根, the green girdle绿腰带）Part III Geoffrey Chaucer (1340―1400)杰弗里.乔叟时期1.H istorical BackgroundThe English won, they controlled large French territory领土. The Henry VI lost it all. He is father of English poetry War of the Roses 1455-1485 AD。
英国文学作品选读1.what is literature
It takes a great deal of history to produce a little literature.- Henry James
精品文档
Literature: quotations
Develop an interest in life as you see it; the people, things, literature, music — the world is so rich, simply throbbing with rich treasures, beautiful souls and interesting people. Forget yourself. — —Henry Miller
精品文档
Literature may consist of texts based on factual information (journalistic or non-fiction), a category that may also include biography and reflective essays, or it may consist of texts based on imagination (such as fiction, poetry, or drama).
A. George Bernard Shaw B. W. B. Yeats C. Dylan Thomas D. T.S. Eliot
精品文档
Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury
日本文学选读修改版1
日本文学选读1、明治维新结束之后，经过福泽谕吉等人的思想启蒙运动…经过言文一致的语言变革，日本近代小说理论逐渐成立。
2、1885年，坪内逍遥写下著名文学理论著作《小说神髓》。
3、与此同时，二叶亭四迷写出了文学理论著作《小说总论》，并通过《浮云》喊出近代小说的第一声。
4、1889至1897年这段时间内，日本小说的主流由以尾崎红叶为代表的“砚友社”作家，和著名作家幸田露伴等引导，这一时期称为红露时代。
5、1906年，浪漫主义诗人岛崎藤村发表了他的第一篇长篇小说《破戒》，翌年，田山花袋发表了其成名之作《棉被》。
由此形成了自然主义文学的潮流。
6、后来自然主义文学走入一个狭窄的圈子，对此，出现了一批反自然主义文学派别。
森鸥外和夏目漱石是反自然主义文学作家群体的重要代表。
7、森鸥外早起小说浪漫主义色彩浓重，代表作《舞姬》。
进入大正时期以后，转向了历史小说，《阿部一族》、《山椒大夫》、《高濑舟》、《涩江抽斋》等。
8、夏目漱石早期作品《我是猫》。
《道草》是他唯一一部自传体小说。
另外著作还有《哥儿》、《三四郎》、《从此以后》、《门》、《过了春分以后》、《行人》、《心》、《明暗》9、唯美派又称“耽美派”，代表作家有：谷崎润一郎、永井荷风、上田敏、佐藤春夫等。
他们的小说在一定意义上是“逃避的文学”。
谷崎润一郎代表作《纹身》。
10、白桦派的作家多出自名门望族，代表作家有武者小路实笃、志贺直哉、有岛武郎等。
11、志贺直哉特别注意在小说中表现个人的心境变化，1917年发表《在城崎》，开辟了心境小说，它成为“私小说”的重要组成部分。
私小说这一用于出现在1920年前后。
白桦派作家在以自我为中心的小说创作在私小说的形成过程中起了推波助澜的作用。
与白桦派同时出现的奇迹派最终完善了它的形式。
12、新思潮派（又称新现实主义文学或新技巧派）代表作家：芥川龙之介、菊池宽，松冈让等。
13、芥川龙之介的自传体小说有：《一个傻瓜的一生》、《大导寺信辅的半生》、《点鬼簿》。
英国文学选读unit1
and Cambridge. In 1357 he the skilled men in the use of weapon, riding
began life aseek adventures.
Two years later he accompanied • Most English romances deal with three major
• Middle English literature and the Canterbury
• Geoffrey Chaucer, the father of Tales
the English poetry was born in • about 1340, of a rich family. His father was a wine merchant. He is said to have studied at Oxford
• The Norman Conquest (1066---1350)
• The Normans invaded England in 1066. They defeated the English troops and William, the Duke of Normandy(诺曼底), was crowned as King of England.
• The poem probably existed in its oral form as early as the 6th century. It was written in the 7th century. Beowulf the hero and his adventures are placed in Denmark and southern Sweden, from which the Anglo-Saxon came. Beowulf, in its remote ideas, allusive(引用典故的) style and story-telling form, towers(超越、胜过) above all other literary works written in Anglo-Saxon, chiefly because it is a powerful poem about a people’s grand hero who is eager to help others in distress(危难、痛苦), is faithful to his people, and is ready to sacrifice his own life for their welfare.
欧美文学名篇选读试题1
1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A.ChristianB.knightlyC.GreekD.primitive2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales3.Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaisssance Movement?A.The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture.B.The new discoveries in geography and astrology.C.The Glorious revolution.D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion.4.Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18?A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B.The speaker satirizes human vanity.C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation.5.“And we will sit upon the rocks,/Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,/By shallow rivers to whose falls/Melodious birds sing madrigals.”The above lines are probably taken from __.A.Spenser's The Faerie QueeneB.John Donne's “The Sun Rising”C.Shakespeare's “Sonnet 18”D.Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”6.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem'd above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia:Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.”The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice.The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____.A.dramatic ironyB.personificationC.allegoryD.symbolism7.The ture subject of John Donne's poem,“The Sun Rising,” is to ___.A.attack the sun as an unruly servantB.give compliments to the mistress and her power of beautyC.criticize the sun's intrusion into the lover's private lifeD. lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lie8.Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “___in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.tragic epicic epicC.romanceD.lyric epic9.The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver's Travels are ___.A.horses that are endowed with reasonB.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdomD.hairy,wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.10.Here are four lines from a literary work:“Others for language all their care express,/And value books,as women men, for dress.”The work is ___.A.Thomas Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”B.John Milton's Paradise LostC.Alexander Pope's Essay on CriticismD.Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream11.The phrase “to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and to seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils” may well sum up the implied meaning of ___.A.Gulliver's TravelsB.The Rape of the LockC.Robinson CrusoeD.The pilgrim's Progress12.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A.the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB.the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC.the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD.the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech13.Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn”?A.“I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!”B.“They are both gone up to the church to pary.”C.“Earth has not anything to show more fair.”D.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty”.14.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by __.A.J.KeatsB.W.BlakeC.W.WordsworthD.P.B.S helley15.“Ode o na Grecian Urn”shows the contrast between the ___ of art and the ___ of human passion.A.glory …uglinessB.permanence…transienceC.transience…sordidnessD.glory…permanence16.In the statement“—oh,God! would you like to live with your soul in the grave?” the term“soul” apparently refers to ___.A.Heathcliff himselfB.CatherineC.one's spiritual lifeD.one's ghost17.The typical feature of Robet Browning's poetry is the ___.A.bitter satirerger-than-life caricaturetinized dictionD.dramatic monologue18.The Victorian Age was largely an age of ____,eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A.poetryB.dramaC.proseD.epic prose19.___is the first important governess novel in the English literary history.A.Jane EyreB.EmmaC.Wuthering HeightsD.Middlemarch20.The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.wrence'sB.J.Galsworthy'sC.W.Thackeray’sD.T.Hardy’s21.___is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A.Richard SheridanB.Oliver GoldsmithC.Oscar WildeD.Bernard Shaw22.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?A.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B.To put the stress on traditional values.C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D.To advocate a conscious break with the past.23.The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ___ in the American literary histrory.A.individual feelingsB.idea of survival of the fittestC.strong imaginationD.return to nature24.Henry David Thoreau's work,__,has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.A.WaldenB.The pioneersC.NatureD.Song of Myself25.The famous 20-years sleep in “Rip Van Winkle”helps to construct the story in such a way that we are greatly affected by Irving's ___.A.concern with the passage of timeB.expression of transient beautyC.satire on laziness and corruptibility of human beingsD.idea about supernatural manipulation of man's life26.Walt whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in his use of __,poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A.blank verseB.heroic coupletC.free verseD.iambic pentameter27.The literary characters of the American type in early 19th century are generally characterized by all the following features EXCEPT that they ___.A.speak local dialectsB.are polite and elegant gentlemenC.are simple and crude farmersD.are noble savages( red and white) untainted by society28.Hester Pryme, Dimmsdale,Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely the names of the characters in ___.A.The Scarlet LetterB.The House of the Seven GablestC.The Portrait of a LadyD.The pioneers29.“This is my letter to the World” is a poetic expression of Emily Dickinson's __ about her communication with the outside world.A.indifferenceB.angerC.anxietyD.sorrow30.With Howells,James,and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, __ became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.A.sentimentalismB.romanticismC.realismD.naturalism31.After The adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain gives a literary independence to Tom's buddy Huck in a book entitled ___.A.Life on the MississippiB.The Gilded AgeC.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD.A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court32.However,___,the keynote of Daisy Miller's character,turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.A.experienceB.sophisticationC.worldlinessD.innocence33.Generally speaking,all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be ___.A.transcendentalistsB.idealistsC.pessimistsD.impressionists34.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life.Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression?A.Religion and immortality.B.Life and death.C.Love and marriage.D.War and peace.35.In “After Apple-Picking,”Robert Frost wrote:“For I have had too much/Of applepicking:I am overtired/Of the great harvest I myself desired.”From these lines we can conclude that the speaker is ___.A.happy about the harvestB.still very much interested in apple-pickingC.expecting a greater harvestD.indifferent to what he once desired36.Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ____.A.Ezra PoundB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.Robert FrostD.Emily Dickinson37.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their __.A.indestructible spirtieB.pessimistic view of lifeC.war experiencesD.masculinity38.IN The Emperor Jones and T he Hairy Ape,O'Neill adopted the expressionist techniques to portray the ___ of human beings in a hostile universe.A.helpless situationB.uncertaintyC.profound religious faithD.courage and perseverance39.In Hemingway's “Indian Cmap”,Nick's night trip to the Indian village and his experience inside the hut can be taken as ____.A.an essential lesson about Indian tribesB.a confrontation with evil and sinC.an initiation to the harshness of lifeD.a learning process in human relationship40.which of the following statements about Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner's story “A Rose for Emily,” is NOT true?A.She has a distorted personality.B.She is physically deformed and paralyzed.C.She is the symbol of the old values of the South.D.She is the victim of the past glory.美国文学作业题Ⅰ.Choose the best answer for the each question.1.pound called as the "modem epic".A. PoetryB. ExultationsC. PersonaeD. Cantos2.Which poem collection of Frost's didn't win the Pulizer Prize?A .North of Boston B. New HamphshireC. Collected PoemsD.A Further Range3. is a black novelist.A. MillerB. BellowC. HellerD. Ellison答案Ⅰ.Choose the best answer for the each question.1.pound called as the "modem epic".D. Cantos2.Which poem collection of Frost's didn't win the Pulizer Prize?A .North of Boston3. is a black novelist.D. Ellison4. is Miller's representative novel.A. All my sonB. Death of a SalesmanC. After the FallD.A View From the Bridge5.Morrison's novel won the Pulizer Prize.A. ParadiseB. SulaC. BelovedD. Tar Baby6.Bellow's First novel is .A.The VictimB. Dangling ManC. the TheftD. The Actualler is a .A. novelistB. poetC. dramatist C. prose答案4. is Miller's representative novel.B. Death of a Salesman5.Morrison's novel won the Pulizer Prize.C. Beloved6.Bellow's First novel is .B. Dangling Manler is a .C. dramatist8. 's "Elements of style" writing in collaboration with W. Strunk is regarded as the guide for the college students and the persons who wanted to improve their writing ability.A. WhiteB. MorrisonC. EllisonD. Miller9.Hughes is famous for .A. poemB. proseC. novelD. drama10. didn't belong to the 20"century poets.A. PlathB. LowellC. AngelouD. Dickinson11.White's is the most excellent prose collection about the city life.A. One Man's MeatB. The Points of My CompassC. Essays of E. B. WhiteD. Quo Vadimus or The Case for the Bicycle答案8. 's "Elements of style" writing in collaboration with W. Strunk is regarded as the guide for the college students and the persons who wanted to improve their writing ability.A. White9.Hughes is famous for .A. poem10. didn't belong to the 20"century poets.D. Dickinson11.White's is the most excellent prose collection about the city life.D. Quo Vadimus or The Case for the Bicycle12. is regarded as Miller's representative work.A. All My SonsB. The CrucibleC. Death of a SalesmanD. After the Fall13. 's novel Catch-22 is called as the masterpiece of Black Humor.A. HellerB. Mark TwainC. HemingwayD. Morrison14. didn't win Nobel Literature Prize.A. MorrisonB. BellowC. HemingwayD. Heller15.Angelou published altogether best sellers.A.10B.9C.8D.7答案12. is regarded as Miller's representative work.C. Death of a Salesman13. 's novel Catch-22 is called as the masterpiece of Black Humor.A. Heller14. didn't win Nobel Literature Prize.D. Heller15.Angelou published altogether best sellers. A.1016. is the representative poet of the lost Generation.A. PoundB. HughesC. LowellD. Ginsburg17."Cantos"includes poems and uncompleted rough draft. A.110,10B.109,8C.100,6D.90,718. is O'Neill's first play performed.A. The Long Voyage HomeB. In the ZoneC. The Great God BrownD. Bound east for Cardiff19. is the leader of Harlem renaissance Movement and one of the most famous American Poets.A. WilliamB. HughesC. PoundD. Frost20.Hemingway's won the Nobel Prize and reflected the value of life.A. The Ole Man and the SeaB. A Farewell to ArmsC. For Whom the Bell TollsD. The Sun Also Rises答案16. is the representative poet of the lost Generation.A. Pound17."Cantos"includes poems and uncompleted rough draft. B.109,818. is O'Neill's first play performed.D. Bound east for Cardiff19. is the leader of Harlem renaissance Movement and one of the most famous American Poets. B. Hughes20.Hemingway's won the Nobel Prize and reflected the value of life.A. The Ole Man and the Sea1-5: BDCCD6-10: ABBAC11-15: DDDDB16-20: BDCAA21-25: DBBAA26-30: CBACC31-35: CDCDD36-40: AAA CB美国文学1-5：DADBC6-10：BCAAD11-15: DCADA16-20: ABDBA。
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A.Bleak HouseB.Great Expectations
C.A Tale of Two CitiesD.Heart of Darkness
5.Sense and Sensibilityis a ___ by ___.
A. David B. Darcy C. Mr. Bennet D.Elizabeth
15.Beowulfis a __.
A. prose B. poem C. novel D. play
II.Definition of terms(10points,5 points each)
1.sonnet
2.style
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
Questions:
1.Whatis the rhyme scheme of the poem? (5points)
2.Point out some of the figures of speech used in this poem.List at least three. (5points)
2.What are the major features ofCharles Dickens’s works?
3.Traditionally, how to analyze a novel?
4.What are the structural elements of plot?
5.What are the major divisions of British literature?
A.play… Jane AustenB.novel… Jane Austen
C.play… Emily BronteD.novel…Anne Bronte
6.Daniel Defoe is a famous____.
A. poetB.novelistC.playwrightD.essayist
7.The sentence“shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s_____.
ediesB.tragediesC.sonnetsD.histories
8.Shakespeare wrote all the following works EXCEPT _____
A.HamletB.King LearC.OthelloD.WutheringHeights
9.____was NOT written by Charles Dickens.
“This,” said Mr. Quinion, in allusion to myself, “is he.”
“This,” said the stranger, with a certain condescending roll in his voice, and a certain indescribable air of doing something genteel, which impressed me very much, “is Master Copperfield. I hope I see you well, sir?”
3.What is the theme of the poem?(5points)
Excerpt 2:Novel Selection Inthis section, you are required to read the selection taken from some famous literary works, and then answer the questions after the selection.
学院班级姓名学号
…………………密……………封……………线……………密……………封……………线…………………
2012-2013学年第二学期期末考试试卷
《英国文学选读》试题(A卷)
（考试形式：闭卷，考试时间：120分钟）
(2010级双学位班)
题号
I
II
III
IV
总分
复核人
得分
评卷人
I.Multiple choices (30points, 2points each)
11. Who is the central character in a novel?
A. antagonist B. protagonist C. foil D. caricature
12. Which of the following works was Not written by George Bernard Shaw?
1. Hamlet, Othello, Macbethandare generally regarded as William Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.
A.Romeo and JulietB.The Tempest
C.King LearD.Queen Mab
A.David CopperfieldB.Oliver Twist
C.Sons and LoversD.A Tale of Two Cities
10.The reading of the first chapter of the novelPride and Prejudice has led the reader to the understanding of Mrs. Bennet as a woman of ___.
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:
IV.Reading comprehension and appreciation (40points)
Excerpt 1:Poemselection In this section, you are required to read the selection taken from some famous literary works, and then answer the questions after the selection.
The counting-house clock was at half past twelve, and there was general preparation for going away to dinner, when Mr. Quinion tapped at the counting-house window, and beckoned to me to go in. I went in, and found there a stoutish, middle-aged person, in a brown surtout and black tights and shoes, with no more hair upon his head (which was a large one, and very shining) than there is upon an egg, and with a very extensive face, which he turned full upon me. His clothes were shabby, but he had an imposing shirt-collar on.
I said I was very well, and hoped he was. I was sufficiently ill at ease, Heaven knows; but it was not in my nature to complain much at that time of my life, so I said I was very well, and hoped he was. “I am,”said the stranger, “thank Heaven, quite well. I have received a letter from Mr. Murdstone, in which he mentions that he would desire me to receive into an apartment in the rear of my house, which is at present unoccupied-and is, in short, to be let as a---in short,”said the stranger, with a smile and in a burst of confidence, “as a bedroom---the young beginner whom I have now the pleasure to---” and the stranger waved his hand, and settled his chin in his shirt-collar.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm’d,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,