Issue题库

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ISSUE题库[244篇](提纲+翻译)

1、"We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disag reement can cause stress and inhibit learning." 1．我们通常从和我们意见统一的人那里学到的东西比从和我们意见相悖的人那里学到的东西多的多；意见分歧阻碍了学习。

Although we can learn knowledge from people whose views we share, the knowledge is limited, since the sphere of knowledge of the people who share the same opinion are confined to same level of cognition with us.It will be quite different if we communicate with people whose views contradict to ours.Admitted that, it is little harder or even bitter to accept opposite views for us due to our self-assertion is impaired caused by other‟s challenge.2、"Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society." 2．竞争对社会的好处大于坏处。

Through competing, the one who is most eligible is put on the right place, and then will produce much more values than those who are not competent as he or she.While, on the other hand, if a competition is fraught with adulteration and illegality, it will bring deterioration to the society rather than progress. A case in point is related to market economics.3."It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations." 3．我们应该把更多的钱用在当前的问题上，而不是用在可能有助于我们后代的长期的研究项目上。

GRE英语作文分类题库—ISSUE

GRE英语作文分类题库—ISSUE简介在GRE考试中，Issue是指议题写作，与Argument类似都是GRE Analytical Writing的一部分，需要候选人对给出的话题进行阐述和分析。

Issue是更具有主观性的考试内容，需要候选人充分表达自己的观点，谈及丰富的经验和事例支持论证，并且要注意措辞合理、思路清晰、结构紧凑。

在本文档中，我们将提供一些Issue题库，这些议题涵盖了社会科学、艺术、哲学等多个领域，通过研究这些经典话题，准备GRE写作中的Issue将变得更加得心应手。

Issue题库社会科学Politic and Government1. A government should invest funds in the arts to ensure that it canflourish and be available to all people.2.Some people claim that political decision-making process indemocracies is too slow to response to climate changes. Do you agree ordisagree?3.The government should provide healthcare to all citizens regardlessof their ability to pay for it.Education4.The purpose of college or university education is to help students tosucceed in future career. Do you agree or disagree?5.The function of education is to teach one to think intensively andcritically. Do you agree or disagree?6.Some people believe that the most important goal of education is tohelp people to learn to be happy on their own. Do you agree or disagree?Culture7.The most important way to preserve ancient historical sites is to makethem available to the public, to have them constantly used and thus alive.8.Museums and art galleries should focus on the works of art that arerepresentative of the cultural history of their own country rather than theworks of art that are from different parts of the world.9.It is important for people to celebrate the ceremonies and festivals oftheir own culture rather than those of other cultures.艺术Music and Film10.Artistic disciplines, such as music, theater, and film, are valuable onlywhen they contribute to the larger society.11.The purpose of music is to make us feel good. Do you agree ordisagree?12.The best way to appreciate music is simply to listen to it.Literature and Writing13. A person should never make an important decision alone.14.The best way to learn about life is through personal experience.15.Argue for and/or against the use of digital devices in literary analysis.哲学Morality and Ethics16.Morality depends on the individual.17.The ultimate goal of human beings is not happiness, but knowledge.18.To be an ethical person, one must take into consideration the contextof the situation.Knowledge and Reasoning19.Innovation should always be welcomed, even if it is leading towardsunethical practices.cation is more than simply acquiring knowledge; it is aboutlearning to think for oneself.21.The ultimate goal of philosophical inquiry is not knowledge, but action.总结以上便是我们为大家提供的GRE英语写作的Issue题库，这些话题涵盖了众多领域，如政治、文化、教育、艺术和哲学等。

Issue题库

As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider waysin which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.思路：大部分同意，一点不同意Wildness areas易受影响，需要法律保护。

issue 熟悉题库(分类版)

Issue 熟悉题库教育类谁来教育133、父母社会参与学校的教育202、教育是私事与中小学无关教育方法193、奇才怪才早培养免得后来跟不上208、教育的好方法鼓励好的无视坏的210、学校减少让学生选择的机会212、在隔绝中学习，不受功利干扰133、（批判）学生应该一直以批判的方式学习193、（批判）挑战固然重要，但合作精神也不可少教育内容（学什么）：14专修某一学科19上大学不如自学30、教授在外打工跟上时代31、教育只有满足每个学生的兴趣和需要才有意义。

47、大学生参加社会服务使教育全面58、学校教人际关系可消除冲突60即使没兴趣也得学习科学70学感兴趣的而不是好找工作的74、知识重要但是选修各种课程79学流行文化而不是古典文化86、是否影响学习都要一门道德课92逻辑推理能力PK自身情绪教育112科学人文社会学不存在交叉114、思维敏捷口齿伶俐应与信仰相伴181、教育给学生价值标准想法，而不是具体工作229不管哪里大学前统一课程大学设置12、不管哪科教师薪金待遇一样33、大学免费政府买单35、分数限制教育质量80、没有分数更好教育宗旨82、好坏不论教育修正观念84、正规教育筛选文化好留坏去108、正规教育禁锢学生思想教育与社会110、没教会孩子怎样建设好社会203、孤立教育过时，要高目标来培养政治类政治道德4、当权者小心节制的使用权利最有效23、杰出领导者要有最高的伦理道德149、政治与道德两码事175、政治不求道德而是共同与一致204、审查没有公正的政府与人民24、政府应该自我判断而不是人民决断59、决策权应交给专家而不是百姓85、好政府可以容忍人民的挑战88、政府活动完全公开通过电子设备147、政治家不可能坦白232、政治人要向人民隐瞒信息政府与行业25、政府不应资助结果不明的科学研究36、政府应解决当务之急而不是将来预期49、政府少限制科学62、政府不应该管博物馆的陈列63、政府应该保持一些荒芜的土地65、政府资助艺术会威胁其完整性81、政府应该资助艺术家让所有人享受到艺术政治生活77、政治活动影响人们的方方面面103、生活点滴反映政治信仰社会类120、伟大的社会？过往精英当代与未来16、伟大是由后人评定56、伟人超越时代152、真理开始让人/权威难以容忍224、社会不把思想家当回事100、回首过往对现代生活没有帮助当下精英问题9、公众人物应该明白会暴露隐私41、荣誉暗示社会推崇精英50、五年让位更新保持领导活力132、公司人的责任是合法的赚钱140、成功leader 要坚守原则个体与集体2、小团体还是社会塑造我们的态度20、研究成就是兴趣达成而非社会贡献57、求个人主义不如为群体服务更让人满足93、定位社会团体来定位自身106、成功是自定目标而非社会评价150、求自己兴趣人造福国家而非为大众谋利的人243、社会繁荣在单个成员的基础上个体与整体3、现代技术使人们关注细节而不是全局21、非主流科学填补主流的空白52、主要城市代表社会特点69、责任成就英雄（时势造英雄）73、强制力产生个人责任28、历史研究应多数人民大众而非少数精英151、老百姓的福利是国家体现而非成功人士183、了解英雄了解社会233、如果科学只影响少数人那就是无用的（科学要普及）198、任何艺术作品都应让大众了解当下与未来129、吸引游客参观来保护环境173、社会变化比政治热点更有意义226、花钱在当下社会问题而非长期研究244、国家应为孩子而非大人服务竞争与合作17、竞争弊多利少26、社会应灌输合作意识而非竞争45、人们被鼓励发现差异忽视了相似178、社会应鼓励个人差异而非统一227、竞争对社会利多弊少现代生活又爱又恨38、生活节奏快弊多利少113、既抱怨生活又没有其他选择165、丑闻有用在于让人注意某事240、认为奢华与便利不好但还离不开外表与本质13、外表比内容更重要27、社会对智力不重视权威问题122、质疑权威使社会繁荣学习类学习方法161、学术方法是个性的产物209、学习某科最好小范围深入而非大范围了解独立学习22、学习不要孤立而要小组合作39、与其模仿别人不如独立思考153、创新是从来没有的还是老瓶新酒197、了解他人成果以便原创成功102、知识来自观点不同的人207、学者要无视既定理论来保鲜225、意见相同学到的多学科交流各司其所科学解惑艺术创新180、学问都是独立思考而非学科交流的产物200、知识专业化使学科间交流减少228、没有学科外的人引入知识，本学科很难发展直接经验与间接经验37、书本的间接经验比实践多97、书本的间接经验比实践多118、失败是成功之母184、直接经验比间接经验好学什么具体知识与抽象理念8、学知识不如学理念概念想象力与知识53、想象力比知识重要144、想象力比知识重要知识与人们157、学习使人们看世界的角度变化，但世界没变159、人们愿意得到结论而非知识知识局限与获取新知72、理解知识的局限与获取新知识同样重要163、知识越多事情越复杂科技类科技与人类10、科技首要目的是提高效率让人休息99、科学要让人的生活改变104、即时通信本应让人休息但却混乱146、技术有益的贡献让人们生活舒适科技与人类思考46、依赖技术造成独立思考能力下降87、即时通信让人匆忙作出决定130、高速通信让思想性交流减少199、大量信息使人们减少深入思考139、人类智慧将永远高于机器科技的缺陷94、技术无法改变人类困境109、科技的作用并非一直积极115、科技引发的环境问题要靠科技解决176、技术虽然解决了问题但也产生了问题科技与传统68、技术决定社会传统道德规范95、逻辑与精确测量让人知道是否进步131、电视让实地旅游下岗135、科技等学习手段使读书不重要213、技术发明提供学习手段但会偏离231、摄像机可以代替书面记录历史类传统与现代127、传统与现代水火不容6、城市中传统建筑与现代建筑研究作用28、历史研究应多数人民大众而非少数精英34、了解历史无助于今日决定83、历史研究只有与现实有联系的才有价值90、历史研究是创造性的而非客观追求105、过去无法预测未来169、被忽视的成就是因为与现在无关201、历史研究让人们看到不同时代人的相同之处文化类43、与异质文化比较才会了解自我文化187、礼节典礼有助于定义文化230、了解年轻人了解当代文化234、主要城市保持文化所以要保证财政支持传媒类18、电视时代读书不如以前重要学到一样多40、媒体与社会错误都认为个人可以代表群体89、广告让人们像里面的人91、电视与广告在消除文化差异、141、人沦为媒体的话题就会名声扫地195、视觉形象冲击导致人们无法集中于一件事上艺术类艺术对社会的作用76、艺术批评家有责任建立艺术评价体系111、艺术作品皆是隐藏社会理念123、艺术家不必太在意评论者，他们是在压制艺术家124、艺术家而不是评论家给社会带来了更有价值的东西艺术与科技138、艺术学科应像主流学科一样受到重视223、文明的价值是反映在艺术上而不是科技上艺术是否有经济价值170、陷入失业时社会不应用公共基金支持艺术190、多数人选择职业按实用考虑国际类96、网络全球化各领域都会从国际影响中受益177、一国的进步安宁是与其他所有国家的联系在一起185、越来越多的信息渠道对于人的学习有害无益235、建立全球大学解决全球棘手问题237、使用小语种国加要防止语言消失法律类154、法律应该因时因地因人而异158、法律可以限制行为但无法改变本性160、道德缺失无法用法律约束241、人们应该遵守正法反抗恶法文学类29、想象文学不是刻板报道事实更有意义238、每个人都要读想象文学行为类5、真正有勇气的人是把复杂的东西简化11、钱花在研究上即使结果不知道也是对的44、多人知道怎样成功少人知道怎样利用成功48、人们经常怀疑专辑即使他们贡献伟大54、与大众交流思想用图片比语言更有效75、团队工作比独立工作更有效79、成功的获得是靠实际，理想化只能被取代107、事实不因愿望喜好情绪而变化116、没有选择的情况少之又少137、纯粹的观察不存在都被预期或喜好左右148、批判性判断除非来自专家不然没有好处164、在掌握足够资料之前建立的理论会导致严重错误188、观察社会众人外贸来认识社会的价值观205、通过比较找共同点，但是有时候要单个看206、人们认为自己的困难比前辈们的难，但是增加的经验可以解决。

issue高频题

235 235. "Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one's friends, to one's school or place of employment, or to any institution — is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force." 235. 大多数人都被教育成认为忠诚是一种美德.但是忠诚,不管是对一个人的朋
150 150."Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete." 150. 通过电视和全世界联网的计算机,人们得以了解很多他们没有去过的地方.所以,旅游事业会越来越不景气
题号
内容 036"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries." 36. 只有后来人评价以前的人,而不应该同时代的人相互评价
051"Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student." 51. 只有针对每个学生的需要和兴趣,教育才真正的有意义

新issue分类题库+翻译final

教育6 / 14 / 96 / 116 重点一82 / 97 / 100 / 124 重点二15 /20 / 32 /39 /98 / 129/ 135 / 136/140 重点三13 / 46 / 70 / 102 / 112 重点四3 / 35 /137/36/72 重点五40 / 47/90/103重点六24 / 29 / 5212 / 2517 / 6845 / 13851 / 7181 / 95 30 / 83 37、42、58、73、142学习/知识49 / 76/ 118 105/106 / 126 33/109 48/9254、131、143科学技术1、9、59、64、91、101、132行为875631/63/6779 / 14627、34、53、61、78、9366（难）对于一种想法或者政策最忠实的人往往是那些对其最严厉的人。

141（难）信仰问题社会问题28 /85/94/ 113 / 120 / 121 / 127 /145/147 重点七8 / 111 / 149 重点八11 / 99 （难）个人行为不由自己决定，而由外界环境。

2、22/122 123/12819、21、43、62、13018（难）质疑权威26（难）奢华便利的生活阻碍人们变得强大和独立。

38（难）人们通过认同社会来定位自己。

144（难）个人成功的标准65（难）遵守公正的法律，违反不公正的89（难）法律与道德政治16/50 / 86 /114/ 115、139 重点八104/107 与其类似10 / 125 / 148 108/110 23、60、69文化41（难）个人的伟大应由后人还是同时代的人评定5/117、77传媒4（难）丑闻的作用44/75/84艺术55（难）艺术作品的价值何在80/88历史57（难）、74/133/134重点十历史研究的价值119一.教育6 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

Issue题库汉翻英

注释：粗体是好结构红色是、好单词或不认识的单词21. The alternative aspects being researched, such as astrology, armomancy,and …, have very important functions in our society, because they satisfied the people’s requirement that can not gained from the current society."Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."23. A public servant, who wants to be a smart leader must contain highest ethics and moral standards.To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.26. When the leaders of government, sports circle, industry member and other fields own their success to a highly competition sense, the society should teach the future generations who will be the leaders cooperation senses.While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare itsyoung people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation.28. Historical studies are much too concern about individuals. The most meaningful events and currents being possible are not accomplished by the famous but the people whose status had been forgotten.The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.30. To improve the quality of college education all the teachers should be asked to pay some time on taking the work related to their teaching subjects out of their sphere of learning.In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.31. Education would be efficient only when they are been designed to satisfy each student’s requirements and interests.Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.34. History only teach us one thing that understand the decisions that are useless to the people in the past and significant in current.History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.36. Government should pay more attention on solving the current things rather than trying to solve the predicted problems.Government should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of future.39. Too much attention is paid on the mode aspects .Imitating others rather than make out the best decision for the individual.Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choice that are best for them.41. The highest honors such as the Nobel Prize are harming the society, because the awards imply that only a little people can gain the pride.High-profile awards such as Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition.43. To understand your culture better, no matter how it is defined, you need to comprehend at least another culture, and this culture should be quite different from your own one.To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define it – requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own.49. Government should place less limits of the scientific study and development.Government should place few, if any,restrictions on scientific research and development.50. In any areas—commercial, politics, education, government—the power owner should abdicate after five years. It is the best way to success for any organization that by refreshing to keep active.In any profession–business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.52. One can know the main features of the society by studying the main cities.One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying the major cities.53. In most professions and study domains, imagination is more significant than knowledge.In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.56. Really deep thinkers and full of creative artists are always beyond their society.Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society 63. Government should maintain the public desert area although the area can hardly be seen any people. Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people.65. It may damage the completeness of the art when it is subsided by government.Government founding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.68. Social traditions and moral standards are not only influenced but determined by technology. Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics.78. Universities should set more courses about music, film, advertisement, and television, because current culture is much more related than past literature and art.Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.83. It is valuable of studying of history only when it is related to our daily lives.The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives.88. In many countries, now watching TV to see the government running has come true. Observing theprogress is helpful for the people to know the policies that influence their daily lives. The more of how does government running transmitted the –judgments, debate, commitment—the better does to the society.In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives.The more kinds of government proceedings –trails, debates, meetings, etc—that are televised, the more society will benefit.89. Many advertisements’ intentions are suggesting the customer s buy one product to let the customer much more like the people in the advertisement, This kind of Ads are very useful are not merely selling products and as well helping people feel confident.The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will ‘be like’the person in the ads. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves.92. Some education systems emphasize the students’analogy ability development, but those schools whichteach students studying their own emotions are much better to the students.Some educational systems emphasize the development of students’capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.。

新issue分类题库+翻译

相似题目归类如下：3 / 35 /376 / 14 / 96 / 1168 / 111 / 14910 / 125 / 14811 / 9912 / 2513 / 46 / 70 / 102 / 11215 / 32 / 98 / 129 / 135 / 13617 / 6820 / 3922 / 12223 / 36 / 7224 / 29 / 5228 / 113 / 120 / 121 / 127 / 14530 / 8340 / 9044 / 75 / 8445 / 13849 / 76 / 11850 / 86 / 11551 / 7163 / 6774 / 133 / 13479 / 14680 / 8881 / 9582 / 97 / 100 / 124104 / 107106 / 126108 / 110一.教育6 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

14 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

96 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

116 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculumuntil they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

issue全部题目和翻译

1 "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."1．我们通常从和我们意见统一的人那里学到的东西比从和我们意见相悖的人那里学到的东西多的多；意见分歧阻碍了学习。

2 "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."2．竞争对社会的好处大于坏处。

3 "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."3．我们应该把更多的钱用在当前的问题上，而不是用在可能有助于我们后代的长期的研究项目上。

4 "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring theirknowledge and experience to that field of study."4．如果没有失败者介绍自己的经验和知识，没有哪个领域的研究会取得长足的进步。

%%几乎没有任何领域能够取得具有重要意义的进步,除非结合其他行业的知识和经验到该领域中来%%5 "A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different partsof the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."5．一个国家应该要求所有的学生在上大学前都学习相同的课程，而不应该允许不同地区的学校擅自决定自己的教学领域。

ETS新题库issue (整理)

This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE® revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool.Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.科技类科技带来的好处与坏处，科学是否真正解决了人类问题，我们是否应当依赖科学1, 26, 143 & 1011. As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.26. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.132. Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for theposition you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.合适的教育方法，多媒体的使用101. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.43. The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.33 & 10933. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.109. Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.64. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for theposition you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.是否应该限制科学，科学研究的现实目的23, 36, 59, 72 & 13123. Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.36. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explainhow these examples shape your position.59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.72. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.131. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.91. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that they have more leisure time. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.成果的来源，新手与门外汉27. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, youshould consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.143, 108 & 110143. No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.108. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. 110. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.成果的来源，理性与实践73. Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.成果的来源，想象力的作用105, 106 & 126105. Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes.or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.106. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.126. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.成果的来源，运气56. Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. 社会与文化类研究社会的方法2. To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.22 & 12222. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society's highest ideals. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.122. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.77. The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, youshould consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.大城市的重要性5 & 1175. Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.117. It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are generated and preserved.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.平民与精英28, 85, 113, 120, 121, 127 & 14528. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.85. Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: Great achievements by a nation's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation's people.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.121. Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for theposition you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.127. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.145. The general welfare of a nation's people is a better indication of that nation's greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.学习与教育类教育的根本目的，是适应社会还是塑造个性，是以现实考虑为重还是理想化，是培养专才还是培养完善的个人3, 15, 20, 32, 35, 39, 98, 129, 135, 136 & 1373. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.15. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.20. Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for theposition you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.32. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.35. Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.39. College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.98. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.129. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting therecommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.135. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.136. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.137. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.13, 46, 70, 102, 112 & 14013. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.46. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explainhow these examples shape your position.70. Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's major field of study. Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.102. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.112. Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.140. Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.54. In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting yourposition, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.51 & 7151. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.71. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.合适的教学方法，统一或多样化，是否关注个体6, 14, 96 & 1166. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.14. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.96. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.116. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.142. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.37. Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.。

Issue六种题型全归类

Issue 六种题型全归类1 Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developingand supportingyour position, you shouldconsiderways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how those considerations shape your position.1. As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of human to think forthemselves will surely deteriorate.2. To understand the most important characteristics of a society , one must study its major cities.9. In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being stronglyinfluenced by past achievements within that field.11. People 's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.17. Formal education tends to restrains our minds and spirits rather than set them free.18. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.21. Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.24. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.26. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into trulystrong and independent individuals.27. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.28. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, orscientists, but by the general welfare of its people.33. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complexand mysterious.34. In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.38. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.41. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by theircontemporaries.42. Students should always question what they are taught instead of according it passively.43. The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.45. Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.53. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.55. In order for any work of art —for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song —to have merit, itmust be understandable to most people.56. Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer toone question that we come across the answer to another.57. The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now aresignificantly different from people who lived in earlier times.58. Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school orcollege alone.62. Leaders are created by demands that are placed on them.63. There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts —especially at a great cost inmoney and jobs —to save endangered animal or plant species.64. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.66. People who are the most deeply committed to an ideal or policy are also the most critical of it.71. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.74. Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.75. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.76. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.77. The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.78. People 's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.91. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people 's efficiency so that they have more leisure time.93. Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.101. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from learning.103. The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things.106. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.107. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. 108. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.112.Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major field of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated.114. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little. 115. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve.116. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.117. It is primarily in cities that a nation 's cultural traditions are generated and preserved.118. We can learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whoseviews contradict our own.119. When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historical buildings.124. All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country.137. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.141. It is more harmful to compromise one 'sown beliefs than to adhere to them.143. No fields of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.144. True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.146. The best test of argument is the argument 's ability to convince someone with an opposingviewpoint.147. The effectiveness of a country 's leader is best measured by examining the well-being of that country 's citizens.2 Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compellingreasonsand/ or examplesthat could be used to challengeyour position.3. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study inwhich they are unlikely to succeed.4. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker orreformer ever could.13. Universities should require every students to take a variety of course outside the student 's field ofstudy.15. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that willprepare them for lucrative position.29. The best way to teach —whether as an educator, employer, or parent —is to praise positiveactions and ignore negative ones.30. Teachers'salaries should be based on their students 'academic performance.32. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.65. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjustlaws.84. It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.94. The effectiveness of a country 's leader is best measured by examining the well-being of thatcounty 's citizens.95. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children 's schools.96. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they entercollege.97. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying ina foreign country.99. People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.104. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.110. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.111. In any profession —business, politics, education, government —those in power should step down after five year.122. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.123. The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, orother fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.126. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.127. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rules, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people.136. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.145. The general welfare of a nation 's people is a better indication of that nation 's greatness than are the achievement of its rules, artists, or scientists.148. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.3. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.5. Claim: Government must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a natio n's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.8. Claim: In any field —business, politics, education, government —those in power should step down after five years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.22. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of menand women that the society choose as its heroes or its role mosels. Reason: Heroes and rolemodels reveal a society 's highest ideals.40. Clam: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.44. Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.49. Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.70. Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside thestudent 's major field of study.Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.79. Claim: The best way of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the double and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.87. Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future.Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.88. Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.Reason: It is inappropriate —and, perhaps, even cruel —to use public resources to fund the arts when people 's basic needs are not being met.89. Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason:Laws cannot change what is in people 's hearts or minds.105. Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience.Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitude.113. Claim: The surest indicator a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: The surest indicator is actually the welfare of its people.120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: Great achievements by a nation 's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation 's people.131. Claim: Research should not limit their investigation to only those areas in which they expert to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainy.133. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.134. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.139. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more information and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.142. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.Reas on： College stude nts —like people in gen eral —prefer to follow directi ons ratherthan make their own decisions.4. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would orwould not be advantageousand explain how those examples shape your position.6. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.19. Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.23. Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.25. Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students.36. Governments should not fund any specific research whose consequences are unclear.37. Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.39. College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.46. Universities should require every student to take variety of courses outside the student 's field of study.47. Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.48. Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.50. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.51. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic, goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.52. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.54. In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely tobenefit the greatest60. Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusiveideals.61. People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.80. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.81. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children 's schools.82. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying ina foreign country.83. Teachers'salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students.90. Educators should take students 'interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach.92. Educators should based their assessment of students 'learning not on students 'grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.129. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.5. Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.7. Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.16. Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently to particular principle and objectives.20. Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of study on the available of jobs in that field.67. Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.68. Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Othersbelieve that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.69. Some people believe that it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.85. Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.86. Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.109. Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has already revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized.121. Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation id great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people.125. Some people claim that a nation 's government should preserve its wilderness area in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.128. Some people argue that successful leader in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willingand able to cooperate with others.130. Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible.132. Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another.138. Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.140. Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student 's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.6. Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.10. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.12. Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.14. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.31. Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.35. Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.72. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.73. Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.98. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.100. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.102. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student 's field of study.135. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.149. In any field —business, politics, education, government —those in power should be required to step down after five years.。

Issue高频题目

高频题目82道：高频题目1（旧题号66，新题号1）As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.高频题目2（旧题号10，新题号5）Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.高频题目3（旧题号5，新题号6）A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.高频题目4（旧题号101，新题号7）Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts. 高频题目5（旧题号70，新题号8）In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.高频题目6（旧题号84，新题号9）In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.高频题目7（旧题号93，新题号11）People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.高频题目8（旧题号94，新题号13）Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.高频题目9（旧题号5，新题号14）A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.高频题目10（旧题号202，新题号16）Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.高频题目11（旧题号128，新题号17）Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.高频题目12（旧题号142，新题号18）The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.高频题目13（旧题号56，新题号19）Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.高频题目14（旧题号174，新题号21）Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.高频题目15（旧题号203，新题号22）Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society's highest ideals.高频题目16（旧题号4，新题号23）Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.高频题目17（旧题号228，新题号24）The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.高频题目18（旧题号16，新题号26）The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.高频题目19（旧题号87，新题号27）In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.高频题目20（旧题号170，新题号28）The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.高频题目21（旧题号228，新题号29）The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.高频题目22（旧题号121，新题号31）Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.高频题目23（旧题号183，新题号33）As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.高频题目24（旧题号209，新题号34）In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.高频题目25（旧题号44，新题号36）Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.高频题目26（旧题号214，新题号37）Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.高频题目27（旧题号113，新题号38）It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.高频题目28（旧题号90，新题号39）College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.高频题目29（旧题号36，新题号41）The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.高频题目30（旧题号153，新题号42）Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.高频题目31（旧题号58，新题号43）The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.高频题目32（旧题号100，新题号45）Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.高频题目33（旧题号28，新题号48）Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.高频题目34（旧题号1，新题号49）Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.高频题目35（旧题号45，新题号50）Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.高频题目36（旧题号86，新题号51）Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.高频题目37（旧题号212，新题号53）If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.高频题目38（旧题号14，新题号54）In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.高频题目39（旧题号218，新题号55）In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.高频题目40（旧题号216，新题号56）Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.高频题目41（旧题号195，新题号60）Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.高频题目42（旧题号89，新题号62）Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.高频题目43（旧题号121，新题号63）There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species.高频题目44（旧题号159，新题号64）The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.高频题目45（旧题号17，新题号65）Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.高频题目46（旧题号146，新题号66）People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it.高频题目47（旧题号121，新题号67）Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.高频题目48（旧题号128，新题号68）Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.高频题目49（旧题号8，新题号69）Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.高频题目50（旧题号50，新题号73）Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.高频题目51（旧题号120，新题号74）Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.高频题目52（旧题号161，新题号75）In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.高频题目53（旧题号1，新题号76）We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.高频题目54（旧题号6，新题号77）The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.高频题目55（旧题号12，新题号78）People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.高频题目56（旧题号45，新题号86）Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.高频题目57（旧题号239，新题号87）Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future.Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.高频题目58（旧题号30，新题号91）The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that they have more leisure time.高频题目59（旧题号33，新题号93）Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.高频题目60（旧题号5，新题号96）A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.高频题目61（旧题号93，新题号99）People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.高频题目62（旧题号233，新题号101）Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.高频题目63（旧题号94，新题号102）Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.高频题目64（旧题号43，新题号104）To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.高频题目65（旧题号164，新题号105）Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience.Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes.高频题目66（旧题号73，新题号106）In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.高频题目67（旧题号168，新题号108）Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.高频题目68（旧题号70，新题号111）In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.高频题目69（旧题号170，新题号113）Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people. 高频题目70（旧题号160，新题号114）Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.高频题目71（旧题号10，新题号117）It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are generated and preserved.高频题目72（旧题号26，新题号119）When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.高频题目73（旧题号170，新题号121）Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people.高频题目74（旧题号203，新题号122）The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.高频题目75（旧题号46，新题号123）The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.高频题目76（旧题号54，新题号133）Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.高频题目77（旧题号233，新题号138）Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.高频题目78（旧题号79，新题号139）Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.高频题目79（旧题号35，新题号141）It is more harmful to compromise one's own beliefs than to adhere to them.高频题目80（旧题号126，新题号144）True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.高频题目81（旧题号170，新题号145）The general welfare of a nation's people is a better indication of that nation's greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.高频题目82（旧题号83，新题号148）Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.高频题目82（旧题号70，新题号149）In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should be required to step down after five years.。

ISSUE 分类题库

科技类：1.思考能力因技术退化As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.64.人脑永远比机器高级The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.101.技术创新偏离了学习Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.43.加速的生活节奏造成问题The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. （类1、26）26.现代生活的奢侈和便利阻止人们独立坚强The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.109.科学更好地了解世界VS复杂化Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized.91.技术进步为提高效率The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that they have more leisure time.132.技术减少VS方便交流Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another.23.政府应当少干预科学研究Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development. （类比7题）36/72/131政府不应资助研究结果不明确的科研Governments should not fund any scientific research whoseconsequences are unclear.131.研究者不应把研究局限于马上能出实际效果的领域Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.119.研究应关注能造福于大多数人的领域Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.56.许多重大发现都是偶然Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.政治类：4.丑闻的作用Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.44/75/84.媒体审视使名誉受损Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.8/11/149.掌权者应五年内下台.Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.16. 政治领袖让步于民意还是坚持原则Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essentialquality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. 50/115政府官员应遵从自己判断还是绝对民意Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.（类16）86.政府官员应代表人民意志VS基于自己判断行事Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.139.重大决策应交由政治家和政府专家Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.18.质疑权威加强社会健康The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.19.政府应该解决当下问题还是未来Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.28/113/121/127/145.国家伟大与否在统治者、艺术家、科学家成就VS人民公共福利The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.22/122.了解社会的最佳方式是研究模范Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society's highest ideals.85.社会发展取决于整体发展VS个体幸福Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.94/147.判断领导水平看该国人民幸福水平The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens.60.政客应追求共识而不是飘渺理想Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.151.Some people claim that the goal of politics should be the pursuit of an ideal. Others argue that the goal should be finding common ground and reaching reasonable consensus.（60相反）104/107.公务员想成为领导者必须保持最高伦理和道德标准To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.＊62. 使命造就领导者Leaders are created by the de mands that are placed on them.123.培养领导者需合作精神VS竞争精神The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.128/123.Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others.69.政客保留信息vs公众知情权Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.114.领导者受流行观点影响，一事无成.Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.教育和学习3/35/137. 劝阻学生不要选择不可能成功的领域Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuadestudents from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.6/14/96/116学习统一课程A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.12.学费免除Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.25.提供免费高等教育Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students.（同12）13/46/102/112学习本专业外多种课程Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.70.同上学习多种课程Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside thestudent's major field of study.Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.140.学习多种课程VS找工作相关课程Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.142.大学应明确必修课，取消选修课Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.143.任何研究都应融合领域外知识No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.73.要求教职员工学习学术界之外的东西Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.54.学习虚构文学课程In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.15/135.鼓励学生选择高收入专业Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.17.正式教育限制思考Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.20.选专业考虑兴趣天分还是找工作Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.32/129.大学生应基于找工作选专业College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.（类20）98.鼓励学生选将来好找工作的专业Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.39.鼓励大学生选择感兴趣的专业而不是找工作College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.24/52.最好的教育是赞扬积极、忽视消极The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.29.类似24 The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.30/83.教师收入取决于学生学术表现Teachers’ salaries should be based on their students' academic performance.37.早期开发有天赋的孩子Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.40/90.设计课程应考虑学生兴趣Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.47/40.开设学生想上的课Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.（类40）42.质疑精神Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.45.追求高分限制学习质量Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.45/138.高分利弊论Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.48.先学习概念、观点再教授事实Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.92.学生学的好坏不在于对事实本身的掌握Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.58.学习靠自律Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.68.教育是解放还是限制思想和心灵？Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.81/95.要求所有家长参加孩子的学校活动All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.82/97/124.大学至少要求学生出国一个学期Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.文化和艺术7.政府资助艺术的利弊Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.80.因为饥饿，政府应延缓对艺术的资助Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.88.同80Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of theircitizens are hungry or unemployed.Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people's basic needs are not being met.55.艺术品的普适性In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.77.了解当代文化的最有效方式是分析年轻人的潮流The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.历史类：57.研究历史发现不同时代人之间无天壤之别The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusionthat people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times.74/133/134.了解过去不能帮助人们在当下做重要决定Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.119.是否保护历史建筑When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.法律类：21.法律应该足够灵活Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.65.遵循公平的法律，违抗不公平的法律Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.89.法律不能改变人心Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts or minds.城市发展：2.要了解社会特征，需研究主要城市To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.5/117民族文化传统在城市里产生.Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.环境类：10/125/148.荒地保护VS开发Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.31.只拯救因人类活动而濒危的物种Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.63.拯救濒危动植物无用论There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species.67/63.拯救濒危物种Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.130/150.企业责任：改善环境VS赚钱Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible.152.解决城镇中由消费垃圾导致的环境问题是令城镇对住户的垃圾数量加以限制The best way to solve environmental problems caused by consumer-generated waste is for towns and cities to impose strict limits on the amount of trash they will accept from each household.行为类11.人的行为取决于外力People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.33.知识日益丰富，事情更加复杂As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible,but more complex and mysterious.34.进步需要不同观点的碰撞In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.49/76.从观点一致的人身上比观点不同的学到的多Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning. （类34）79/146.判断一个观点好坏看是否能说服持相反观点的人Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.66.观点的忠实拥趸也是最激烈的批判者People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it.*108/110.专家的批判性判断才有用Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.38.根据所处社会团体定位自己It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.78.人们观点态度更多取决于所处环境而非整体People’s attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.41.人是否伟大应由后人评定The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.51/71.追求长期目标还是眼前名誉Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.*144.成功源于目标True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.141.在信念上妥协比坚持更有害It is more harmful to compromise one's own beliefs than to adhere to them. 53.为达目标能否不择手段If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.61.考虑过后果后再采取危险行动People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.87.事实信息是不准确的Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future.Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.93.创造表象比事实更重要Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.103. 最好的想法来自于对普通事物的强烈兴趣The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things.105.想象力比经验更有价值Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience.Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes.*106/126.想象力比知识更重要In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.9.过去成就影响现在In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.27. 在任何研究领域，新手>专家In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to makeimportant contributions.。

Issue专题汇总

结尾1.I hope it has been shown that2.As has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusionthat3.In sum, which has been correlate with each other to generate anintegrate whole and thus become more convincing than either single one of them, we may be comfortable to say that4.Consequently, due to the reasons mentioned above, whichsometimes intertwine to an organic whole and become more persuasive than either single one of them, we may arrive at the conclusion thatThe impact of the globalization might turn out to be a mixed one.技术Lady Curie技术坏处1.1152.人与机器1593.技术对communication 1514.对读书1555.技术对旅游（电视等）1506.技术破坏环境135帮助改善7.技术对教学233技术对学习:好坏8.技术目的：improve life119技术降低quality of life 196技术使舒适1669.技术对humanity 114510.技术对伦理传统8811.技术是人思考快，浅107技术使人懒（不思考）66信息方便+技术使人思考原创，深+比不上大信息量219 12.政府限制技术69政府资助结果不清楚技术4413.技术对省时和efficiency 30技术省时124+技术使更忙14.现代记录video camera 7传统written records15.技术使复制工作+深入研究艺术Michelangelo1.艺术与理科重要性158艺术与科学谁有true vallue2432.政府对艺术：审查82：赞助101：资助破坏853. 艺术与humanity争钱1904．批评家对艺术：否定有评价标准96有责任建立评价标准Critics 对art|artists 143Critics artist谁给社会lasting value1445．艺术揭示社会动力，ideas1316. 艺术被大众理解2187. 文化价值在艺术243在科学8. 科学使解惑176艺术使创新不安历史1.保护历史与当今发展（老楼该拆吗）262.学历史好处：不同时代相同（历史相似性）2213.个人，整体创造历史484.历史对今天有用125无用54只对今天有用历史才有价值10365.历史是讲故事（创造）1106.否定历史成就原因：对今天无用189国际the international drug transaction, terrorism1.建国际大学+解决问题112.保护濒危语言（全球化冲击文化语言）133.全球化影响：1164.一国发展与全球有关1975.新信息快对life-long learning205 看219传媒1.电视对读书382.视觉冲击反长期关注2153.电视使相似1114.媒体与名誉扫地1615.个人代表群体说话38（个人与群体38 48）6.广告的原理+学偶像109政治1.政治决定生活972.政治家隐瞒信息8政治家诚实1673.政治家与道德43政治与道德1694.节制用权caution245.政府保护环境836.政治追求理想15政治共识7.政府透明化televised8.从外表看政治立场1239.政治审查合理224政府对艺术：审查82文化1.看文化看青年62.文化在城市+政府资助10看文化看城市723.想象工作比实际记录真实494.用其他文化看本文化635.传统现代化不相容1476.仪式定义文化+使人认识自我207学习1.从反对的人学的多112从支持的人学得多1排除异议才发现价值182.要读想象作品143.局外人引如促进学科发展44.合作学习425.记事实记解释idea, trend 286.学习使多视角1777.学习为certainty8.错误出发现进步1389.越学越复杂18310.认识自我源于自己20011.学习把握整体学细节229教育1.高分竞争好处高分竞争不利55，1002.专业工作职业教育VS全面选修94，34教学生感兴趣的90教public-service使全面67社会化教育130个性教育191A value system教育2013.Logic教育，治理教育47 VS情感教育112应该教科学80艺术文学教育984.正规教育取好去坏1045.道德教育VS学术教育1066.目标长远教育VS为学习而学习2227.表扬教育VS批评教育2288.教育结果是束缚1289.社会，人文，自然教育相对关系独立132Complement each other, reinforce each other, pilot the development of each other inextricably intertwined10.思维口齿VS真诚信仰13411.教育是反对旧观点102教育使质疑153教育使接受教育使质疑VS教育使合作213教育使质疑批评+对和谐无用5212.发现天才+从小训练21413.大学减少选择，明确指导13014.教connectedness以减少冲突7815.家长社会参与教育VS professional educator 15416.教育因地制宜5统一化17.各科教师同薪3218.教师参加工作5019.自己学VS大学教育3920.因材施教5121.教育使质疑批评+对和谐无用5222.教育全免费+政府出钱53. 学术1.诠释材料个人化（取决于个性）181观察主观化VS客观化2.想象重要73（专业学术）知识重要3.学术之新信息92发现旧缺点4.非主流VS主流415.学术细化+需影响更多人9专业细化+距离使难互相影响2206.不管正负学术投资都值317.有数据前得结论184原理1.理想主义VS现实主义99理想主义惹麻烦148实用性是最大追求1862.长远问题（百年大计）VS当今问题政府解决谁56花钱在哪个研究3年轻人长远目标VS近期目标3.先哲，真理时代不重视244脱离时代76真理难容忍+反对权威172学术要独立+反对过去227怀疑专家68当代人不仍可+后代认可241，36 4.原创，创新来源于继承173，84217+找未做过的没人能墨守成规成功27５.谁创新新手比老手创新86６.妥协观点VS坚持35适应社会规范VS不失原则自己创新VS协调他人75８.领导独立VS妥协领导独立160领导肯定他人想法ＶＳ提新想法１６５政治容忍人民+国家长105政治家听人民政治家独立决策45政治家决策群众决策 79政治家妥协让步，无原则202思想家，艺术家独立政治家决策群众决策 79６.书本学57，117 broader wider richer经验学2045.集体与个人Gutenberg made the western knowledge and culture accessible to the whole world. However, those who historians think of are of value to help understand the history are the people who read Gutenberg’s invention instead of himself.Admittedly, it’s the great individuals in who provide initial sparks for the trends of great victory or development in humans’history. For example, Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, whose speeches inspired the wholenation and gave people the courage to fight for their country, could not succeed in leading their people win the precious peace without the public’s support. It’s those who were not giants that fought on the battle field and provided food and medical services for the soldiers, defeated Nazi in reality. Yet, Churchill and Roosevelt were worshiped and respected in the students’ history books, and the people fought for the fought the country can rarely find any mention in history. Mahatma Gandhi was bestowed the title of the Father of the Nation when India attained its independence. While Gandhi’s guidance could not be underestimated, martyrs who could adhere to Gandhi’s his principles and could not be overlooked, built the country and attained freedom for Indians through their devotion.The most significant events were made by the group. Thus, it is unfair to give all the credit to great individuals. The efforts of one man are not sufficient to cause a shift in the well-being of humanity. It is cumulative efforts all members of a group that have sparked the revolution.社会繁荣在个人幸福上19 国家great在个人福利170集体促成思维行动22定位团体来定义自己113研究对社会VS个人兴趣40个人主义满足感来源于集体77企业领导目标profit152 对国好追求个人VS追求社会171 改革的人是甘于被轻视的不是在乎个人的21革新实质来自个人VS 团体1756.个人VS环境个人责任+环境已决定162适应+改变环境1887.革新，改革难接受的：改革思想VS改革方式187改革的人是甘于被轻视的不是在乎个人的21革新实质来自个人VS 团体1758.想象想象VS经验想象164无限制经验想象VS知识想象重要73（专业学术）知识重要9.独立独立想，做，决定VS看榜样5910.相似性VS不同65个性差异VS统一19811.信息技术是人思考快，浅107技术使人懒（不思考）66信息方便+技术使人思考原创，深+比不上大信息量219 技术+信息碎+看细节不看大局2312.简单淡化VS复杂化2513.I magesImages比语言便于交流7414.爱国爱国崇拜不利进步8115.法律法律灵活174法律控制VS不改变人本性178道德不可legislated18016．成功话题成功与利用成功64成功收获在过程中的发现118只相信智力危险182成功来自机遇VS仔细计划19216.环境保护多数自然灭绝+人为保护无用121The depletion of atmosphere ozone, acid rain, the global warming up社会1.竞争好VS不好2，37竞争VS合作46，194，952.合作个人经济成功需要合作1413.公众人物隐私29丑闻有用1854.Stability在对极端行为155.便利生活是不强大独立166.守合理法VS违不合理法177.政府服务孩子VS成年208.形象重于本质339.快节奏使产生问题58技术对省时和efficiency 30技术省时124+技术使更忙10.大家不好+少人得6111.5年让权7012.要求塑造领袖8913.成功衡量盛会奖励VS到目标12614.现代生活可怕VS不选其他时代13315.群众质疑得社会发展14216.环境保护VS旅游14917.头条VS少报道改革lasting重要19318.通过英雄看社会203行为1.选择无选择情况很少139无选择+被社会控制1562.行为被迫VS自发933.环境VS内在性格决定态度124.Sellf-improvement首要+不完善625.独处+相处关系716.价值观来自reason理性7.事实不以人意志转移1278.对想法忠实VS严厉1469.生活局限+应用小部分资源16310.除非专家critical judgment无用168。

Issue题库分类及写作提纲

Issue题库分类及写作提纲GRE写作Issue问题题库分析与提纲第一类社会2. \detrimental to society.\归根结底，竞争对于社会是利多弊少。

Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society.Generally speaking, competition contributes to progressin society.In democratic countries, when parties and candidatescompete for power, the public benefits.Admittedly, when competition gets out of the control ofmores and laws, society will suffer. 竞争对于社会的优点和缺点 ------------------------------3. \existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations.\与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究，还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫，已经存在的社会问题上。

Humanity should take into account both long-terminterests and short-term interests when making budgets. Naturally, each generation is most concerned aboutsolving problems that immediately confront them. However, what differentiates human beings from otheranimals is that humans have a sense of future and are morally responsible for the well-being of their descendents.Therefore, as beneficiaries of previous generations, eachgeneration should make its own contribution for the well-being of future generations.当务之急和百年大计的关系 ------------------------------9. \recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use.\近些年来，学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群。

ISSUE备考分类题目

题号分类（主题）分类（题材1）(题材2)(题材3)227统一与分歧（竞争）传统保留 Vs 创新发展 / 继承传统 Vs 突破创新238统一与分歧（竞争）传统保留 Vs 创新发展 / 继承传统 Vs 突破创新26新与旧传统保留 Vs 创新发展 / 继承传统 Vs 突破创新27新与旧传统保留 Vs 创新发展 / 继承传统 Vs 突破创新84新与旧传统保留 Vs 创新发展 / 继承传统 Vs 突破创新147新与旧传统保留 Vs 创新发展 / 继承传统 Vs 突破创新173新与旧传统保留 Vs 创新发展 / 继承传统 Vs 突破创新187新与旧传统保留 Vs 创新发展 / 继承传统 Vs 突破创新188新与旧传统保留 Vs 创新发展 / 继承传统 Vs 突破创新217新与旧传统保留 Vs 创新发展 / 继承传统 Vs 突破创新174不同领域间的交流法律180不同领域间的交流法律178个体与整体法律17统一与分歧（竞争）法律47理性与感性个人学习、知识进步EQ Vs IQ57不同领域间的交流个人学习、知识进步理论 Vs 实践117不同领域间的交流个人学习、知识进步理论 Vs 实践204不同领域间的交流个人学习、知识进步理论 Vs 实践122统一与分歧（竞争）个人学习、知识进步相同意见 Vs 不同意见1统一与分歧（竞争）个人学习、知识进步相同意见 Vs 不同意见18统一与分歧（竞争）个人学习、知识进步相同意见 Vs 不同意见209统一与分歧（竞争）个人学习、知识进步相同意见 Vs 不同意见73现实和理想个人学习、知识进步想象力164现实和理想个人学习、知识进步想象力7技术进步对人类的影响个人学习、知识进步学习、研究方式：传统 Vs 新技术38技术进步对人类的影响个人学习、知识进步学习、研究方式：传统 Vs 新技术155技术进步对人类的影响个人学习、知识进步学习、研究方式：传统 Vs 新技术237技术进步对人类的影响个人学习、知识进步学习、研究方式：传统 Vs 新技术28个体与整体个人学习、知识进步183技术进步对人类的影响个人学习、知识进步205技术进步对人类的影响个人学习、知识进步14现实和理想个人学习、知识进步86现实和理想个人学习、知识进步226新与旧个人学习、知识进步175个体与整体个人与他人、整体、社会个人 Vs 团队199个体与整体个人与他人、整体、社会个人 Vs 团队42统一与分歧（竞争）个人与他人、整体、社会个人 Vs 团队95统一与分歧（竞争）个人与他人、整体、社会个人 Vs 团队141统一与分歧（竞争）个人与他人、整体、社会个人 Vs 团队19个体与整体个人与他人、整体、社会71个体与整体个人与他人、整体、社会77个体与整体个人与他人、整体、社会113个体与整体个人与他人、整体、社会145个体与整体个人与他人、整体、社会171个体与整体个人与他人、整体、社会208个体与整体个人与他人、整体、社会59统一与分歧（竞争）个人与他人、整体、社会194统一与分歧（竞争）个人与他人、整体、社会198统一与分歧（竞争）个人与他人、整体、社会234统一与分歧（竞争）个人与他人、整体、社会235统一与分歧（竞争）个人与他人、整体、社会240统一与分歧（竞争）个人与他人、整体、社会21新与旧个人与他人、整体、社会197不同领域间的交流国家、国际全球化116统一与分歧（竞争）国家、国际全球化105个体与整体国家、国际实力170个体与整体国家、国际实力11统一与分歧（竞争）国家、国际135技术进步对人类的影响技术环保150技术进步对人类的影响技术旅游16技术进步对人类的影响技术人的能力66技术进步对人类的影响技术人的能力107技术进步对人类的影响技术人的能力151技术进步对人类的影响技术人的能力233技术进步对人类的影响技术人的能力30技术进步对人类的影响技术生活124技术进步对人类的影响技术生活129技术进步对人类的影响技术生活166技术进步对人类的影响技术生活196技术进步对人类的影响技术生活23个体与整体技术信息219技术进步对人类的影响技术信息88技术进步对人类的影响技术114技术进步对人类的影响技术102新与旧教育1目的对文化104新与旧教育1目的对文化201统一与分歧（竞争）教育1目的对学生191现实和理想教育1目的对学生222现实和理想教育1目的130现实和理想教育1目的98新与旧教育2内容时间51现实和理想教育2内容兴趣94不同领域间的交流教育2内容学术132不同领域间的交流教育2内容学术158不同领域间的交流教育2内容学术80现实和理想教育2内容学术106现实和理想教育2内容学术128新与旧教育2内容学术34现实和理想教育2内容应用90现实和理想教育2内容应用5统一与分歧（竞争）教育2内容制订者112理性与感性教育2内容78统一与分歧（竞争）教育2内容52统一与分歧（竞争）教育3方法质疑153统一与分歧（竞争）教育3方法质疑213统一与分歧（竞争）教育3方法质疑67个体与整体教育3方法230个体与整体教育3方法134理性与感性教育3方法228统一与分歧（竞争）教育3方法154不同领域间的交流教育4参与者家长、社会50不同领域间的交流教育4参与者教师214个体与整体教育4参与者学生39不同领域间的交流教育4参与者学校、环境223个体与整体教育4参与者学校、环境232现实和理想教育4参与者学校、环境55统一与分歧（竞争）教育5评判标准100统一与分歧（竞争）教育5评判标准32统一与分歧（竞争）教育6资金教师工资53个体与整体教育6资金学生学费68统一与分歧（竞争）科研、学术、学科对待权威、专家的看法、态142统一与分歧（竞争）科研、学术、学科对待权威、专家的看法、态168统一与分歧（竞争）科研、学术、学科对待权威、专家的看法、态87新与旧科研、学术、学科对待权威、专家的看法、态44当务之急与百年大计科研、学术、学科科研投资31当务之急与百年大计科研、学术、学科科研投资119技术进步对人类的影响科研、学术、学科目标40新与旧科研、学术、学科目标4不同领域间的交流科研、学术、学科学科专业化 Vs 复合化、交叉化220不同领域间的交流科研、学术、学科学科专业化 Vs 复合化、交叉化9个体与整体科研、学术、学科学科专业化 Vs 复合化、交叉化41不同领域间的交流科研、学术、学科177不同领域间的交流科研、学术、学科61个体与整体科研、学术、学科181个体与整体科研、学术、学科229个体与整体科研、学术、学科69技术进步对人类的影响科研、学术、学科184理性与感性科研、学术、学科81不同领域间的交流历史221不同领域间的交流历史48个体与整体历史110理性与感性历史54新与旧历史103新与旧历史120新与旧历史125新与旧历史139新与旧历史189新与旧历史24个体与整体领导者89个体与整体领导者165个体与整体领导者46统一与分歧（竞争）领导者70新与旧领导者75新与旧领导者74不同领域间的交流媒体29个体与整体媒体60个体与整体媒体161个体与整体媒体215技术进步对人类的影响媒体109理性与感性媒体244当务之急与百年大计社会现象时代局限性172统一与分歧（竞争）社会现象时代局限性36新与旧社会现象时代局限性76新与旧社会现象时代局限性241新与旧社会现象时代局限性93个体与整体社会现象主观能动性 Vs 客观环境；内因 Vs 外因22个体与整体社会现象主观能动性 Vs 客观环境；内因 Vs 外因136个体与整体社会现象主观能动性 Vs 客观环境；内因 Vs 外因156个体与整体社会现象主观能动性 Vs 客观环境；内因 Vs 外因162个体与整体社会现象主观能动性 Vs 客观环境；内因 Vs 外因12理性与感性社会现象主观能动性 Vs 客观环境；内因 Vs 外因91理性与感性社会现象主观能动性 Vs 客观环境；内因 Vs 外因3当务之急与百年大计社会现象20当务之急与百年大计社会现象56当务之急与百年大计社会现象193当务之急与百年大计社会现象15个体与整体社会现象140个体与整体社会现象152个体与整体社会现象185个体与整体社会现象203个体与整体社会现象58技术进步对人类的影响社会现象33理性与感性社会现象2统一与分歧（竞争）社会现象37统一与分歧（竞争）社会现象65统一与分歧（竞争）社会现象146统一与分歧（竞争）社会现象163统一与分歧（竞争）社会现象133新与旧社会现象118当务之急与百年大计态度、方法论过程 Vs 结果216理性与感性态度、方法论过程 Vs 结果99现实和理想态度、方法论理想 Vs 务实；当前 Vs 长远148现实和理想态度、方法论理想 Vs 务实；当前 Vs 长远186现实和理想态度、方法论理想 Vs 务实；当前 Vs 长远210现实和理想态度、方法论理想 Vs 务实；当前 Vs 长远236现实和理想态度、方法论理想 Vs 务实；当前 Vs 长远211当务之急与百年大计态度、方法论212个体与整体态度、方法论231个体与整体态度、方法论182理性与感性态度、方法论192理性与感性态度、方法论206理性与感性态度、方法论225统一与分歧（竞争）态度、方法论63不同领域间的交流文化6个体与整体文化10个体与整体文化72个体与整体文化13统一与分歧（竞争）文化111统一与分歧（竞争）文化49现实和理想文化207新与旧文化190当务之急与百年大计艺术艺术 Vs 政府82个体与整体艺术艺术 Vs 政府85统一与分歧（竞争）艺术艺术 Vs 政府101统一与分歧（竞争）艺术艺术 Vs 政府96统一与分歧（竞争）艺术艺术家 Vs 批评家143统一与分歧（竞争）艺术艺术家 Vs 批评家144统一与分歧（竞争）艺术艺术家 Vs 批评家131不同领域间的交流艺术真正价值176不同领域间的交流艺术真正价值243不同领域间的交流艺术真正价值218个体与整体艺术真正价值127理性与感性哲学事实－客观 Vs 主观157理性与感性哲学事实－客观 Vs 主观239统一与分歧（竞争）哲学事实－客观 Vs 主观138不同领域间的交流哲学200不同领域间的交流哲学64当务之急与百年大计哲学25个体与整体哲学62个体与整体哲学179个体与整体哲学115技术进步对人类的影响哲学137技术进步对人类的影响哲学159技术进步对人类的影响哲学126理性与感性哲学35统一与分歧（竞争）哲学92统一与分歧（竞争）哲学8个体与整体政治、政府道德秘密108个体与整体政治、政府道德秘密167个体与整体政治、政府道德秘密43个体与整体政治、政府道德169个体与整体政治、政府道德121当务之急与百年大计政治、政府环保242当务之急与百年大计政治、政府环保83个体与整体政治、政府环保149技术进步对人类的影响政治、政府环保45个体与整体政治、政府自我原则、判断 Vs 大众意愿79个体与整体政治、政府自我原则、判断 Vs 大众意愿160个体与整体政治、政府自我原则、判断 Vs 大众意愿202个体与整体政治、政府自我原则、判断 Vs 大众意愿97个体与整体政治、政府123个体与整体政治、政府224个体与整体政治、政府195统一与分歧（竞争）政治、政府分类（题材4）题目创新 Vs 守旧；传统：打破 Vs 维系、保持；继承传统 Vs 突破创新To remain vigorous, any academic field nee 创新 Vs 守旧；一致 Vs 个性；传统 Vs 创新Conformity almost always leads to a deaden 过去与现在：建筑保留 Vs 现代城市发展Most people would agree that buildings reprNo one can possibly achieve su创新 Vs 守旧；继承、遵从传统 Vs 突破创新、改革：判断、衡量标准－成功继承传统 Vs 突破创新：必要条件，过去对现在的影响，持续性、发展性In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to m （继承）传统 Vs （突破）创新；传统 Vs 现代化Tradition and modernization are incompatib 创新本质、方法；继承传统 Vs 突破创新Originality does not mean thinking somethin 传统 Vs 革新；冲突、矛盾－表面 Vs 实质；知易行难It is easy to welcome innovation and accept 成功：持续 Vs 发展、改变；继承传统 Vs 突破创新Success, whether academic or professional 继承传统 Vs 突破创新In order to produce successful original work 法律：本质 Vs 形式；核心原则、指导、标准Laws should not be stationary and fixed. Ins 法律约束限制：法律 Vs 道德－两大体系，辩证统一Many problems of modem society cannot be 法律作用、影响对象：行为 Vs 内心－可以联系到道德It is possible to pass laws that control or pla 对法律原则、本质的理解，对待法律的态度：公正 Vs 不公正There are two types of laws: just and unjust 对立矛盾：EQ Vs IQ Society does not place enough emphasis on 学习方式、对立矛盾：理论 Vs 实践The depth of knowledge to be gained from b 理论 Vs 实践；书本知识 Vs 实际经验The depth of knowledge to be gained from b 理论 Vs 实践；知识 Vs 经验；直接经验 Vs 间接经验We learn through direct experience; to acce 知识的获得―相同意见 Vs 不同意见We owe almost all our knowledge not to peo 指导学习方法、态度：知识的获得―相同意见 Vs 不同意见We can usually learn much more from peopl 知识、进步的获得：对立面；价值－标准；充要条件Only by being forced to defend an idea agai 辩证统一：想象力 Vs 知识Progress is best made through discussion a 辩证统一：想象力 Vs 知识In most professions and academic fields, im 辩证统一：想象力 Vs 经验Sometimes imagination is a more valuable a 资料的载体、记录方式（对于科研）：视频 Vs 纸张The video camera provides such an accurat 学习、科研方式：电视 Vs 书籍In the age of television, reading books is no 学习：传统方式 Vs 新方式Contemporary society offers so many ways 研究资料：技术进步带来新方式、便利Computers and video technology can make 学习方法：表面现象 Vs 深层本质；机械记忆 Vs 理解记忆Students should memorize facts only after t 知识的作用、影响：表面现象 Vs 内在本质As we acquire more knowledge, things do n 信息获取方便 Vs 终生学习As societies all over the world have more an 素质提高、全面教育：文学素养的必要性It is necessary for everyone to长期 Vs 短期；现实 Vs 理想；当前 Vs 长远Young people should be encouraged to pur 过去 Vs 现在；持续、发展、共通；知识、经验所起的作用，所扮演的角色People are mistaken when they个人 Vs 团队：革新、创造性来源It is always an individual who is the impetus 个人 Vs 团队：创新、创造性来源Truly innovative ideas do not arise from gro 学习方式：个人 Vs 团队、集体；竞争 Vs 合作Because learning is not a solitary activity bu 个人 Vs 团队；竞争 Vs 合作：效率、功效、作用比较、判断People work more productively in teams tha 个人主义 Vs 团队精神－着眼点：经济上的成功Most people recognize the benefits of indivi Priority的选择：个体与整体；必要条件If a society is to thrive, it must put its own o 独处 Vs 与他人一起－对立统一Spending time alone makes one a better com 个人 Vs 他人、集体、整体；个人主义 Vs 利他主义People today are too individualistic. Instead 社会角色定位：个人 Vs 集体、团体It is primarily through identification through 内在实质的不变 Vs 外在形式的调整－性格 A crucial test of character is whether one is 过程 Vs 结果；个人 Vs 整体－对立统一关系People who pursue their own intellectual int 外在行为 Vs 内在想法The way people look, dress, and act reveals个性化 Vs 标准化：思考、行为方式Too much emphasis is placed on role mode 竞争意识 Vs 合作意识－对立统一The best preparation for life or a career is no 个性化 Vs 标准化、模式化Instead of encouraging conformity, society 自由意志：主动 Vs 被动；引导、规范Most people prefer restrictions and regulatio 度的把握； Priority的选择：忠诚Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtu 积极 Vs 负面评价Although it is easy to respond positively to 改革：个人 Vs 整体利益Reform is seldom brought abou全球化、国家间相互关系The material progress and well one 全球化：利弊、带来的问题With the growth of global networks in such 局部 Vs 整体：国家实力－民主、政治、经济、军事、科技……The true strength of a country is best demon 国家伟大、实力的体现，指示标：少数 Vs 多数；精英 Vs 大众The surest indicator of a great nation is not 社会问题：国际合作、专职性大学All nations should help support the develop 技术 Vs 环保While most of the environmental problems w 现代技术对旅游的影响Because of television and worldwide compu 技术进步对个人的影响：舒适生活 Vs 个人能力发展Although many people think that the luxurie 技术依赖 Vs 人们能力发展－意义、作用：大脑 Vs 身体；主宰 Vs 工具As people rely more and more on technolog 现代科技 Vs 个人思考分析等能力Instant communication systems encourage 技术：传统交流 Vs 现代新方式交流－影响、作用High-speed electronic communications med 技术进步 Vs 学习Although innovations such as video, compu 科研、技术进步的目标：进步本身，物质丰富，效率提高 Vs 舒适生活The primary goal of technologi现象 Vs 本质：生活节奏的加快Instant foods, instant communication, faster 技术 Vs 现代生活：利弊Technology is a necessary but not always a 局部 Vs 局部；技术进步 Vs 生活Over the past century, the most significant c 技术 Vs 生活：利弊Technology creates more problems than it s 技术进步的影响：信息爆炸、影响，提醒、明确应把握的方向和态度Contemporary technology mak信息爆炸：个人的作用；现象 Vs 本质Now that computer technology has made po 技术 Vs 社会风俗、道德Technologies not only influence but actually 技术 Vs 人性；内在 Vs 外在Humanity has made little real progress over 教育作用、效果：传统、既有理念－修正、持续、发展 For better or worse, education is a process 文化 Vs 教育：主流价值观的确立－局部 Vs 整体It is primarily through formal education had 教育目的；务实、功利 Vs 理想；短期 Vs 长期The purpose of education should be to prov 教育：全面平衡发展－兴趣 Vs 职业技能；务实 Vs 理想；当前 Vs 长远Education should be equally devoted to enr 教育：明确的目标、方向指导 Vs 无目标、无计划Learning for learning's sake is an outdated c 教育的意义：孩子的社会化How children are socialized today determine 过去 Vs 现在；功利、务实 Vs 长远；现象 Vs 本质：艺术课程的选择Colleges and universities should offer more 教育方式：个性化 Vs 标准化Education will be truly effective only when i 全面发展；务实 Vs 理想；长期 Vs 短期：学科的选择、专才 Vs 通才Universities should require every student to 学科的交叉化、边缘化、相互影响The university community consists of three 度的把握；全面发展、素质教育：艺术 Vs 主科The arts (music, dance, visual arts, etc.) are 全面教育：科学学习的必要性All students should be required to take cour 道德素养的重要性：全面教育－必要性；课程选择/安排All students should be required to take at le 矛盾：目的 Vs 实际效果－教育的目标、实际It is often asserted that the purpose of educ 长期 Vs 短期；务实 Vs 理想；全面发展、素质教育 Vs 功利学习Instead of requiring students to take course 务实、功利 Vs 理想；短期 Vs 长期：学科选择－找工作College students should be encouraged to p 教育：标准化 Vs 个性化 A nation should require all its students to st EQ Vs IQ；全面发展Some educational systems emphasize the d 教育的作用：共同的人性 Vs 各类冲突、纷争Schools should be required to teach the ess学术、工作态度、方式：被动 Vs 主动；质疑 Vs 接受Education encourages students to question 学习方法：主动 Vs 被动Students should bring a certain skepticism 教育：质疑、挑战、创新 Vs 折中、容让、合作Too much emphasis has been placed on the 理论 Vs 实践：全面教育、素质教育Colleges should require students to engage 自由意志：主动 Vs 被动；教育应起的作用：引导College students-and people in general-pref 外表形式 Vs 内核本质；机智圆滑vs.真诚坚定Students should be encouraged to realize th 教育：处理方法、态度－积极行为 Vs 消极行为The best way to teach-whether as an educator, e 教育者：父母、学校、社会－合作Both parents and communities must be invo 师资素质的提高：理论 Vs 实际、实践In order to improve the quality of instruction 局部 Vs 整体；度的把握Society should identify those children who h 认识大学教育的作用、意义：正规大学教育 Vs 自学The intellectual benefits of attending a unive 正确认识学校所起的作用：主观能动 Vs 客观环境；个人 Vs 整体Education is primarily a personal matter; it h 教育目的、手段、方式：理论 Vs 实际；教育与社会的接轨The purpose of education should be to crea 教育：高分 Vs 真正能力培养Competition for high grades seriously limits 教育机制、环境：分数 Vs 能力培养The pressure to achieve high grades in scho 师资：如何留在人才，保证优秀师资；一致 Vs 差异 A school or college should pay its teachers 教育经费支付：国家 Vs 学生；教育 Vs 经济College and university education should be 对待专家、权威的正确态度：质疑 Vs 毫不保留的相信、全盘接受People make the mistake of treating experts 度的把握；对待权威的态度 Vs 社会繁荣、进步The well-being of a society is enhanced whe 专家、权威：充分必要条件；质疑、批评的价值－判断标准Critical judgment of work in any given field 新的、不同的视野、经验：新手 Vs 专家、权威In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more 科研投资：标准、原则－主体：政府Government should not fund any scientific r 科研投资：态度、标准，焦点：有争议的科研项目Money spent on research is almost always a 研究：Priority的选择、判断标准－人民福利，个人兴趣；过程 Vs 结果When research priorities are being set for sc 科研的指导原则：个人兴趣 Vs 大众福利；过程 Vs 结果Scholars and researchers shouldNo field of study can advance s领域、学科间的交流；外来视角、经验; 学术研究领域：单一领域 Vs 复合、边缘化专业化：学科交叉化、边缘化The increase in knowledge is forcing people 专业化 Vs 复合化、边缘化；涉及到判断标准Academic disciplines have become so speci 作用、意义：科学 Vs 非科学Such non-mainstream areas of inquiry as asT he study of an academic discipline alters t h 学科知识的作用、影响：拥有不同的角度、眼光 Vs 加深、加宽对世界的了解奖项对科研的意义；精英 Vs 大众；少数 Vs 多数High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize 学术：个性化 Vs 标准化；客观 Vs 主观The way students and scholars interpret the 广度 Vs 深度；局部 Vs 整体：学习The best way to learn a new subject or skill 科研的自由、界限：应遵从的原则、标准Government should place few, if any, restric 理论建立两种方式：数据、事实 Vs 假说It is a grave mistake to theorize before one h 过去 Vs 现在；对待历史的态度 Vs 对现在的影响；利 Vs 弊Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation 过去 Vs 现在；历史：持续、发展The chief benefit of the study of history is to 历史的创造，社会趋势的推动，重大事件的兴起：精英 Vs 大众The study of history places too much empha 历史：客观记录 Vs 主观记录－事实When we concern ourselves with the study o 过去 Vs 现在；历史 Vs 现代－延续性，共通性，发展性History teaches us only one thing: knowing 历史 Vs 现代；表面现象 Vs 内在本质The study of history has value only to the ex 历史 Vs 现代So much is new and complex today that loo 历史 Vs 未来－持续性、共通性、发展性：对待历史、过去的正确态度The past is no predictor of the future.Every new generation needs to redefine 'righ 持续 Vs 发展；不同时代是否需要不同标准的对错，或者说对错的内涵外延有改变过去 Vs 现在：文学作品 Vs 时代性；持续 Vs 发展；永恒不变的 Vs 变化If people disregard the great works of the pa 度的把握：权利的使用，领导，效率People in positions of power are most effect 领导者：内因 Vs 外因Leaders are created primarily by the demand领导：信念 Vs 求异的渴望In any given field, the leading voices come f 领导者、领导素质：竞争意识 Vs 合作意识While some leaders in government, sports, i 领导：更新 Vs 持续；应考虑普遍 Vs 特例In any profession-business, politics, educat 意义、贡献：领导者、伯乐 Vs 千里马；The people who make important contributio 传播方式的选择：图像 Vs 语言；作用对象：一大群人The most effective way to communicate an i 媒体：名人隐私 Vs 大众心理Public figures such as actors, politicians, an 媒体：个人 Vs 集体、团队、整体－代表性The media-and society in general-mistakenl 媒体 Vs 英雄；内在本质 Vs 表面形式In this age of intensive media coverage, it is 传媒 Vs 人The bombardment of visual images in conte 媒体广告：广告的目的、所起的作用、期望达到的效果The purpose of many advertisements is to m 时代局限性：社会对待思想家的态度Most societies do not take their greatest thin 时代局限性：事实 Vs 对权威、主流思想的挑战Important truths begin as outrageous, or at 时代局限性：个人价值判断：同时代的人 Vs 后人－其他方式The greatness of individuals can be decided 个人 Vs 时代Truly profound thinkers and highly c reative 个人伟大的判断－同时代的人 Vs 后人An individual's greatness cannot be judgedThe concept of 'individual resp主观能动性 Vs 客观环境；内因 Vs 外因：个人行为的决定因素、个人责任的承担性格决定：个体 Vs 整体；内因 Vs 外因Many people believe that a few individuals o 主观能动 Vs 客观环境－选择的存在The absence of choice is a circumstance tha 主观选择：内因 Vs 外因；主观能动 Vs 客观环境Choice is an illusion. In reality, our lives are 主观能动性 Vs 客观环境；内因 Vs 外因：个人责任的承担One often hears about the need for individu 客观环境与主观能动性：态度绝对因素－内因 Vs 外因People's attitudes are determined more by th 内因 Vs 外因；主观能动性 Vs 外部客观环境：价值观的形成、决定因素Most people think that their deeply held valu 短期 Vs 长期It is more important to allocate money for im Priority的选择：当前问题 Vs 未来发展、希望；孩子 Vs 成人National governments should dPriority的选择：长期 Vs 短期；当前 Vs 长远；Governments should focus more on solving 现象 Vs 本质；政治 Vs 社会It is not the headline-making political events 社会稳定：现象 Vs 本质；标 Vs 本The stability of a society depends on how it 社会：局部 Vs 整体；零和What society has thought to be its greatest 长期 Vs 短期The only responsibility of corporate executi 丑闻的作用、意义、我们对待丑闻的态度Scandals-whether in politics, academia, or o 英雄 Vs 社会－局部 Vs 整体－代表性The best way to understand the character of 利弊分析：快节奏生活The increasingly rapid pace of life today cau 对立矛盾：表面现象 Vs 深层本质－看待、对待科研、生活应持的态度Creating an appealing image has become m 竞争、合作―讨论竞争的好、坏，作用对象为社会，而不是个人Competition is ultimately more beneficial th 竞争：利 Vs弊－作用对象：社会In most societies, competition generally has 学术、工作、生活上看待问题的方法：一致 Vs 差异People have been so encouraged by society 表面矛盾命题－一个极端到另一个极端，正到负；－对立统一People who are the most deeply committed 主动 Vs 被动The reputation of anyone who is subjected t 看待、对待社会问题的态度：主动的改造 Vs 被动的回避The problems of modern society have led m 目标 Vs 过程；过程 Vs 结果：应持有的正确态度In any field of endeavor-the sciences, the hu 过程 Vs 结果Most important discoveries or creations are 理想 Vs 现实、务实：成功 - 方法论In any realm of life-whether academic, socia 理想 Vs 务实Many people admire idealism, but it usually 务实 Vs 理想Practicality is now our great idol, which all p 务实、功利 Vs 长远考虑：职业选择Most people choose a career on the basis of 理想 Vs 现实－教育、引导Encouraging young people to believe that th 当前 Vs 长远考虑Any decision-whether made by government,。

Issue 分类题库

Issue 分类题库第一类：政治类（一）政府与人民的意见：97，45，79，202，105，142，170，8997 "It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affect all aspects of people's lives."97．尽管很不幸，但这是一个事实，政治决策和活动影响着人们生活的方方面面。

45 "Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve."45．政府官员应该有自己的判断力，而不应该盲目地依从人民的意愿。

79 "Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts, who are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public."79．重大的政策决定应该留给那些政治家和政府专家们，他们比老百姓拥有更多的信息，因此具有更好的判断力和远见。

202 "Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise." 202．和伟大的思想家、艺术家不同，最有效力的政治领导者必须经常向公众舆论让步，有时为了折衷要放弃原则。

gre_issue题库

一教育类1. A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.”2. While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation.3. In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.4. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside t he student’s field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.5. Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.6. It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.7. Some educational systems e mphasize the development of students’capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.8. It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.9. How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society.10. Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators.11. The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system, a standard, a set of ideas—not to prepare them for a specific job.12. Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Othervise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped.13. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.二学习类1. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose vies contradict our own. Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.2. No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study.3. Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction-in other words, to make things as simple as possible.4. Students should memories facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little.5. Scholars and researches should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem.6. In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information.7. Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions.8. Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.9. There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer’s expectations or desires.10. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.11. Critical judgment of work, in any given field has little value unless comes from someone who is an expert in that field.12. People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the public good.13. Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought before; it means putting old ideas together in new ways.14. The study of ac academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes.15. The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with in their academic fields is more of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things.16. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious.17. It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.三行为类1. Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, they in fact, prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.2. Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy.3. Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image.4. The concept of ‘individual responsibility’ is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.5. People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does.6. In any realm of life-whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeedis to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of vies. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options.7. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.8. Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress.9. Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity.10. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the most critical of it.11. No amount of information can eliminate prejudice because prejudice is rooted in emotion, not reason.12. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed in particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.13. Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes.14. In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motivated not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority.15. It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual.16. Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and--, eventually, --to change it.17. Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work.18. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable.19. People often look for similarities, even between very different things, and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms, we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else.20. People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more complex and challenging than the problems, faced by their predecessors. Thus illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience.21. Moderation in all things is ill-considered advice. Rather, one should say, ‘Moderations is most things,’ since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus.22. Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one’s friends, t o one’s school or place of employment, or to any institution—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force.四政治类1. It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public.2. There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has aresponsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.3. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.4. It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician.5. Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other.6. Laws should not be stationary and fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.7. The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus.五科技类1. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’s efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time.2. Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial.3. Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity.4. When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is : How many people’s lives will be improved if the results are successful.5. The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of arts is to upset. Therein lies the value of each.6. Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life.7. Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.六传媒类1. In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books.2. The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that t hey will ‘be like’ the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves.3. Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete.4. High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication.5. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjectied to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.七社会类1. Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science.2. Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect-that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills.3. It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement that we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated.4. At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.5. The absence of choices is a circumstance that is very, very rake.6. What society has thought to be it greatest social, political, and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent.7. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.8. Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them.9. The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies.10. Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated.11. Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.12. Practicality is now our great ideal, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today’s world.13. It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most people find difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put into practice.14. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines.15. Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contrasting points of vies.八历史类1. The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.2. Most people would agree that building represent a valuable record of any society’s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served.3. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.4. The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.5. The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives.6. When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Becauses we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers.7. So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present.8. The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history.九艺术类1. Imaginative works such as novels, plays, films, fairytales, and legends present a more accurate and meaningful picture of human experience than do factual accounts. Because the creators of fiction shape and focus on reality rather than report it literally, their creations havea more lasting significance.2. The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses ofa society.3. ‘It is the artist, not the critic,’ who gives society something of lasting value. A person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films music, paintings, etc.4. As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money.5. In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.十文化类1. Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated.2. Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of peoplehave a diminished sense of who they are.3. The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society’s ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people.4. The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creations rather than in its scientific accomplishments.十一国际类1. All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the wor ld’s most persistent social problems.2. Many of the world’s lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The government of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct.3. With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society—including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences—will benefit greatly from international influences.4. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.5. The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries.。

issue 题库

一教育类1. A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.”2. While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation.3. In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.4. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.5. Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.6. It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.7. Some educationa l systems emphasize the development of students’capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.8. It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.9. How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society.10. Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators.11. The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system,a standard, a set of ideas—not to prepare them for a specific job.12. Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Othervise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped.13. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.二学习类1. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose vies contradict our own. Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.2. No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study.3. Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction-in other words, to make things as simple as possible.4. Students should memories facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little.5. Scholars and researches should not be concerned with whether their work makesa contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem.6. In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information.7. Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions.8. Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.9. There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer’s expectations or desires.10. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.11. Critical judgment of work, in any given field has little value unless comes from someone who is an expert in that field.12. People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the public good.13. Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought before; it means putting old ideas together in new ways.14. The study of ac academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes.15. The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with in their academic fields is more of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things.16. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious.17. It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.三行为类1. Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, they in fact, prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.2. Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy.3. Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image.4. The concept of‘individual responsibility’is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.5. People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does.6. In any realm of life-whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of vies. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options.7. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.8. Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress.9. Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity.10. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the most critical of it.11. No amount of information can eliminate prejudice because prejudice is rooted in emotion, not reason.12. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed in particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.13. Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes.14. In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motivated not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority.15. It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual.16. Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and--, eventually, --to change it.17. Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work.18. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable.19. People often look for similarities, even between very different things, and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms, we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else.20. People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more complex and challenging than the problems, faced by their predecessors. Thus illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience.21. Moderation in all things is ill-considered advice. Rather, one should say,‘Moderations is most things,’since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus.22. Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one’s friends, to one’s school or place of employment, or to any institution—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force.四政治类1. It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public.2. There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.3. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.4. It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician.5. Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other.6. Laws should not be stationary and fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.7. The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus.五科技类1. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’s efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time.2. Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial.3. Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanityis no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity.4. When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is : How many people’s lives will be improved if the results are successful.5. The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of arts is to upset. Therein lies the value of each.6. Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life.7. Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.六传媒类1. In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books.2. The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will‘be like’the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves.3. Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete.4. High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication.5. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjectied to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.七社会类1. Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science.2. Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect-that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills.3. It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement that we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated.4. At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save en党ered species.5. The absence of choices is a circumstance that is very, very rake.6. What society has thought to be it greatest social, political, and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent.7. The well-being of a society is enhancned when many of its people question authority.8. Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them.9. The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies.10. Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated.11. Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.12. Practicality is now our great ideal, which all powers and talents must serve. Anythi ng that is not obviously practical has little value in today‘s world.13. It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most people find difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put into practice.14. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines.15. Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contrasting points of vies.八、历史类（８）1. The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.2. Most people would agree that building represent a valuable record of any society‘s pas t, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served.3. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.4. The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.5. The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives.6. When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Becauses we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers.7. So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present.8. The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history.九、艺术类（５）1. Imaginative works such as novels, plays, films, fairytales, and legends present a more accurate and meaningful picture of human experience than do factual accounts. Because the creators of fiction shape and focus on reality rather than report it literally, their creations have a more lasting significance.2. The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.3. ‘It is the artist, not the critic,’ who gives society something of lasting value. A person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films music, paintings, etc.4. As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money.5. In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.十、文化类（４）1. Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation‘s cultural traditions are preserved and generated.2. Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are.3. The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society‘s ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people.4. The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creations rather than in its scientific accomplishments.十一、国际类（５）1. All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world‘s most persistent social problems.2. Many of the world‘s lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The government of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct.3. With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society—including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences—will benefit greatly from international influences.4. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.5. The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries.。

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Issue题库和翻译When you take the analytical writing section of the GRE General Test, you will be presented with two Issue topics from this pool. Because the wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here, you should read your test topics carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.Present your perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and/or examples to support your views.1. "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."通常，我们从与我们意见相同的人身上学到的要比从那些与我们意见相悖的人身上学的东西要多得多；（因为）意见不统一会带来压力并且阻碍学习。

统一与分歧之（与我们）持相同意见者和持不同意见者对学习的作用意见相同可以鼓励人们学习的积极性，人们更愿意从和自己意见相同的人身上学习；使人们盲目自信，看不到自己的缺点而阻碍进步，和自己相同的人知识面有限制意见不同可以找出学习中的不足；打击人们的信心，带来压力阻碍进步2. "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."归根结底，竞争对于社会是利多弊少。

竞争对于社会的优点和缺点竞争可以3. "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究，还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫，已经存在的社会问题上。

当务之急和百年大计的关系4. "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bringtheir knowledge and experience to that field of study."在任何一个研究领域当中，除非有该领域之外的人引进他们的知识和经验，否则该领域就很难获得巨大的发展。

Outsider: a person does not belong to a particular group闭门造车，旁观者清------------------------------5. "A nation should require all its students to study the same nationalcurriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in differentparts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."一个国家应该要求所有的学生在进入大学之前都学习由国家统一制定的课程，而不是允许由国家不同地区的学校去决定课程的安排。

国家统一和地区单独安排课程------------------------------6. "The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is toanalyze the trends of its youth."了解当代文明最有效的途径就是去分析当代年轻人的潮流。

文明潮流和年轻人潮流的关系。

------------------------------7. "The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record ofcontemporary life that it has become a more important form ofdocumentation than written records."摄像机可以通过如此精确而有力的记录手段来再现当代生活，因此它已经代替书面记录成为了一种更重要的记录手段。

记录手段：现代摄像机和印刷术------------------------------8. "It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders towithhold information from the public."对于政治领导者来说，向人民大众隐瞒信息通常是必要的，甚至有益的。

少数和多数的关系之true lies, the truth is out there.------------------------------9. "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years thatscholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach awider audience, their ideas will have little use."近些年来，学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群。

除非学者们能拥有影响等大范围的人群，否则他们的理念将几乎毫无用处。

过分专业化问题overspecialization------------------------------10. "Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financialsupport they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in citiesthat a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated."政府必须要确保主要城市发展所需的财政支持，因为一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以保存和发展。

城市和国家的关系之文化传统------------------------------11. "All nations should help support the development of a globaluniversity designed to engage students in the process of solving theworld's most persistent social problems."所有的国家都应该支持发展一所全球性的大学，它的主要目的是要让学生们致力于解决世界上最难缠的社会问题。

全球化问题之全球解难大学------------------------------12. "People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situationor surroundings than by any internal characteristic."人们的态度更多的是由临时的情况或者环境所决定，而非人们自身的特点。

心理问题之冲动和可预测------------------------------13. "Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewerand fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which theselanguages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becomingextinct."世界上很多的小语种都快要消失了，因为越来越少的人在使用这些语言。

使用这些小语种的国家应该采取行动以防止这样的语言逐渐销声匿迹。

反全球化问题之小语种与政府保护------------------------------14. "It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology andother types of imaginative literature."每个人都应该阅读诗歌、小说、神话以及各种各样的想象文学。

想象文学与人------------------------------15. "The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremesof human behavior."一个社会的稳定取决于该社会对人们极端行为所作出的反应。

抽象型题目------------------------------16. "Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences ofcontemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually preventpeople from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."尽管许多人认为现代生活的奢华和便利是丝毫没有坏处的，但是这实际上让人们无法成为真正强大和独立的个体。