2014年在职教育硕士联考英语阅读练习一

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2014年英语真题含答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have _1_ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_, among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health.Of even greater _5_ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often _6_body mass index, or BIMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BIMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 to 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, _8_ can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem _9_, they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit. _10_ others with a low BMI may be in poor _11_. For example, many collegiate and professional football players _12_ as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a _13_ BMI.Today we have a(n) _14_ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes _15_ in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_ very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_ in health concerns have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_, My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives, Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat!1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in respects of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] compared [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with $559m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, un-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings or fulfillment. She could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these maternal purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was Once exciting and new becomes old hat; regret creeps in, It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dun and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time–as stones or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected toothers.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.”It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib-a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfilment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world. and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers, But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A] A big house.[B] A special tour.[C] A stylish car.[D] A rich meal.22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is.[A] critical[B] supportive[C] sympathetic[D] ambiguous23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that .[A] consumers are sometimes irrational[B] popularity usually comes after quality[C] marketing tricks are after effective[D] rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money .[A] has left much room for readers’ criticism[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to .[A] balance feeling good and spending money[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you're more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing (to use the psychological terminology) strategies to achieve this. Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving (across the ages and genders ) and 85% at getting on well others-all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We strut around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been morphed to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-which most did-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion,”says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.” If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing.Knowing the results of Eplet’s study, it makes sense that manypeople hate photographs of themselves so viscerally — on one level, they don’t even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the flukiest of flattering photos, the cream of their wit style Beauty, intellect and lifestyles. It’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, “but they portray an idealized version of themselves”. (People are much more likely to out-and-out lie on dating websites, to an audience of strangers.)26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that .[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s .[A] rapid watching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defense28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to .[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusions29. The word “viscerally” (Line 2, Para.6) is closest in meaning to .[A] instinctively[B] occasionally[C] particularly[D] aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can .[A] present their dishonest profiles[B] define their traditional life styles[C] share their intellectual pursuits[D] withhold their unflattering sidesText 3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side ofa boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can’t immediately foresee.When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT’s Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be “tightly scripted”and “highly standardized”ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, sincewe are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.”That’s not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, “how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would .[A] ease the competition of man vs. machine[B] highlight machines’ threat to human jobs[C] provoke a painful technological revolution[D] outmode our current economic structure32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that .[A] technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities[B] automation is accelerating technological development[C] certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D] man will finally win the race against machine33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often .[A] performed by innovative minds[B] scripted with an individual style[C] standardized without a clear target[D] designed against human creativity34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed .[A] the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B] the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C] the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D] the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] How to Innovate Our Work Practices[B] Machines will Replace Human Labor[C] Can We Win the Race Against Machines[D] Economic Downturns Stimulate InnovationsText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy.Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to jostle for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged. This government does not want to see a return to large-scale provision of council housing, so it is naturally wary of measures that will lead us down that route.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. The cap, introduced in 2012 as part of the Housing Revenue Account reform, hasbeen a major issue for the sector. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.Finally, they should look at the way in which public sector land is released. Currently up-front payments are required, putting a financial burden on the housing provider. A more positive stimulus would be to encourage a system where the land is made available and maintained as a long-term equity stake in the project.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if it returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate. This means that affordable housing specialists like Wates Living Space have to create a whole new way of working in partnership with registered providers. Wehave to be prepared to take on more of the risk during the development phase, driving down the cost to deliver high-quality affordable housing and, most importantly, developing alternative funding models to help achieve this.While the government's commitment to long-term funding may have changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away. The comprehensive spending review provides the opportunity to start moving us in the right direction - stimulating investment in new supply and quickly delivering tangible benefits to local economies. It also helps create the space to develop a long-term sustainable strategy for housing.36. The author believes that the housing sector .[A] has attracted much attention[B] has lost its real value in economy[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] involves certain political factors37. It can be learned that affordable housing has .[A] suffered government biases[B] increased its home supply[C] offered spending opportunities[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may .[A] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[B] release a lifted GDP growth forecast[C] allow greater government debt for housing[D] stop local authorities from building homes39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would .[A] lower the costs of registered providers[B] relieve the minister of responsibilities[C] contribute to funding new developments[D] lessen the impact of government interference40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may .[A] implement more policies to support housing[B] stop generous funding to the housing sector[C] renew the affordable housing grants programme[D] review the need for large-scale public grantsPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked detailsgiven in the left column. There are two extra choices in the left column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of eland itself as their medium.The British land artist, typified by Richard Long’s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long’s photograph of his work is the work. Since his “action” is in the past the photograph is its sole embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects.Long is Britain’s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The BoyleFamily, on the other hand, stands for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterizes most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard’s very funny. Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn’t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman’s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can’t help feeling that the Scottishartist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn’t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,”says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down- say, after giving a bad lecturehe grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John,a local student. Write him an email to1) tell him about your living habits, and2) ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷答案Section I Use of English1. [B] concluded2. [A] protective3. [C] Likewise4. [A] indicator5. [D] concern6. [A] in terms of7. [C] equals8. [C] in turn9. [D] straightforward10. [B] while11. [A] shape12.[B] quality13. [C] normal14. [D] tendency15. [B] pictured16. [D] associated17. [A] Even18. [D] grounded19. [C] policies20. [B] againstSection II Reading Comprehension21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[B]A special tour22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is[A]critical23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase25. This text mainly discusses how to26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______[C] intuitive response28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______[B] believe in their attractiveness29. The word "Viscerally"(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.[A]instinctively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can _____.[D] withhold their unflattering sides31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would _____.[B]highlight machines’ threat to human jobs32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that _____.[A]technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often _____.[D]designed against human creativity34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed _____.[D] the formula for how work is conducted efficiently35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[C]Can We Win the Race Against Machines36. The author believes that the housing sector______.[D]involves certain political factors37. It can be learned that affordable housing has_____.[A]suffered government biases38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may _____.[C]allow greater government debt for housing39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would _____.[C]contribute to funding new developments40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may _____.[B]stop generous funding to the housing sector41.Stone Cirele[D]represents the elegance of the British land art.42.Olaf Street Study[E]depicts the ordinary side of the British land art.43.Across the Park[G]contains images from different parts of the same photograph.44.Towards Avebury[C]reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition.45.Seven Days[A]originates from a long walk that the artist took.Section III Translation大多数人认为乐观主义就是无休止的开心，就像在看到一个装了一半水的杯子的时候，会认为还差半杯就满了，而非空了一半。

2014年在职教育硕士联考英语阅读练习二

2014年在职教育硕士联考英语阅读练习二英语是教育硕士考试当中十分重要的内容，新阳光教育收集整理阅读理解内容供大家复习参考。

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken,not written.In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome,testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.In the European universities of the Middle Ages,students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject.This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor's degree.Generally,however,modern examinations are written.The written examination,where all students are tested on the same question,was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry.A room full of candidates for a state examination,timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers,resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory.Generally,during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.One type of test is sometimes called an"objective"test.It is intended to deal with facts,not personal opinions.To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions,each of which has only one correct answer.Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.1.In the Middle Ages students______.A.took objective testsB.specialized in one subjectC.were timed by electric clocksD.never wrote exams参考答案：D2.The main idea of paragraph3is that______.A.workers now take examinationsB.The population has grownC.there are only written examsD.examinations are now written and timed参考答案：D3.The kind of exams where students must select answers are______.A.personalB.spokenC.objectiveD.written参考答案：C4.Modern industry must have developed______.A.before the Middle AgesB.around the19th centuryC.in Greece or RomeD.machines to take tests参考答案：B5.It may be concluded that testing______.A.should test only opinionsB.should always be writtenC.has changed since the Middle AgesD.is given only in factories参考答案：C。

2014年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案

2014年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12014 National Grade Special Examination for Postgraduates (English) Questions and AnswersSection I: Vocabulary and GrammarPart A: Vocabulary and Structure1. After the new railway line _________, the small village________ by tourists.A. has been open; has been visitedB. will be open; will be visitedC. is open; is visitedD. was open; has visited2. “I must apologize for my mistake,” said the manager. “It ______ not happen again.”A. willB. shouldD. would3. We knew so little about the causes of cancer that for many years treatment was mainly _______ at relieving the pain and suffering of patients.A. aimedB. attemptedC. directedD. intended4. The cardinal rule of camping in the wilderness is to leave no trace ________ you have been there.A. so thatB. now thatC. thanD. that5. The firemen were ______ about how the fire started, and were investigating the matter.A. arbitraryC. puzzledD. sensitivePart B: Sentence Completion6. The sample submitted to the lab was so ______ that it was difficult to measure accurately.7. After ________ in the storm for several hours, the rescue team finally found the missing hikers.8. Instead of being ________ about the future, we should focus on the present and make the most of our opportunities.Answer Key:1. C2. D3. A4. D5. C6. concentrated7. battling8. apprehensiveSection II: Reading ComprehensionPassage 1According to the passage, what are some potential benefits of artificial intelligence?A. Increased efficiency in the workplaceB. Improved decision-making processesC. Enhanced healthcare servicesD. All of the abovePassage 2What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of combating climate changeB. The role of renewable energy sources in reducing pollutionC. The potential benefits of transitioning to a low-carbon economyD. The challenges of implementing sustainable energy solutionsPassage 3Which of the following statements about the importance of sleep is supported by the passage?A. Regular sleep patterns can improve memory and cognitive functionB. Lack of sleep can contribute to a higher risk of chronic health conditionsC. The body undergoes important processes during sleep that aid in overall well-beingD. All of the aboveAnswer Key:Passage 1: DPassage 2: CPassage 3: DOverall, the 2014 National Grade Special Examination for Postgraduates tested a range of vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension skills. Candidates were required to demonstrate their understanding and ability to analyze various topics in English.篇22014年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)It is common belief that money can’t buy happiness. However, some psychologists and economists believe that there is a strong 1 between money and happiness. They argue that happiness is related to income, but the 2 is not very strong. According to them, a person’s well-being increases with income up to a certain point, but the benefits of having more money level off afterwards.Do higher incomes result in greater happiness? In 3 with most previous studies, a research 4 by economists Daniel Kahneman and Angus Deaton in 2010 found that money does have an effect on people’s emotional well-being, but the effect 5 off at a relatively low level of income. They found that after an annual income of $75,000, people did not report greater levels of happiness. Nevertheless, the same study showed that higher incomes do continue to improve people’s life satisfaction.So what conclusions can be drawn from this study? It seems that happiness and life satisfaction are two different 6 . While a higher income may not lead to greater happiness per se, it can result in a greater sense of life satisfaction. In other words, people with higher incomes are more satisfied with their lives, even if they are not necessarily happier on a day-to-day basis.In conclusion, while money may not be able to buy happiness, it can certainly contribute to a greater sense of life satisfaction. It is important to 7 that money is not the only factor that influences happiness and well-being. Factors such as health, relationships, and personal fulfillment are also important determinants of a person’s overall sense of happiness.1. A. contrast B. connection C. confusion D. relationship2. A. correlation B. contradiction C. difference D. interaction3. A. regard B. contrast C. relation D. line4. A. conducted B. developed C. devised D. carried5. A. levels B. fades C. compounds D. sets6. A. concepts B. theories C. ideas D. themes7. A. remind B. recall C. remember D. mentionAnswer:1. D2. A3. B4. A5. B6. A7. CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: For each of the following passages, there are several questions and each question has 4 choices. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. (20 points)Passage 1Have you ever found yourself addicted to your smartphone? With the convenience of modern technology, it is easy to become reliant on our phones for a variety of tasks such as communication, navigation, and entertainment. However, this reliance can quickly turn into an addiction if not managed properly.One common sign of smartphone addiction is the constant need to check one’s phone for updates, messages, or notifications. This behavior can be disruptive in social situations and may impact one’s ability to focus on tasks. Additionally, excessive phone usage has been linked to problems such as poor sleep quality, lower attention span, and decreased social interactions.To combat smartphone addiction, it is important to set boundaries and limits on phone usage. This may include turning off notifications, scheduling regular breaks from phone use, or even implementing a “digital detox” where one abstains from using their phone for a period of time. By taking steps to reduce phone usage and prioritize face-to-face interactions, individuals can break free from the cycle of smartphone addiction.1. According to the passage, what is a common sign of smartphone addiction?A. Relying on smartphones for communicationB. Checking one’s phone constantly for updatesC. Using smartphones for navigation and entertainmentD. Managing phone usage properly2. How can smartphone addiction impact individuals?A. Increase in attention spanB. Enhancement of social interactionsC. Improvement in sleep qualityD. Decrease in focus on tasks3. What is a suggested method for combating smartphone addiction?A. Increasing phone usageB. Turning off notificationsC. Using smartphones in social situationsD. Prioritizing phone use over face-to-face interactionsAnswer:1. B2. D3. BPassage 2The rise of social media platforms has revolutionized the way people connect and interact with each other. From Facebook to Twitter to Instagram, these platforms offer a convenient way to stay connected with friends and family, share updates and photos, and engage with a wider audience.However, the use of social media has raised concerns about its impact on mental health. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. This can be attributed to factors such as the constant comparison to others’ lives, the pressure to maintainan online persona, and the fear of missing out on social events and activities.Despite these negative effects, social media can also have positive impacts on mental health. For some individuals, social media serves as a support system, allowing them to connect with like-minded individuals and seek help and advice. Additionally, social media can offer a sense of community and belonging, especially for those who may feel isolated or marginalized in their offline lives.In conclusion, while social media can have both positive and negative effects on mental health, it is important for individuals to be aware of their usage and its impact on their well-being. By practicing mindfulness and setting boundaries on social media use, individuals can maximize the benefits of social media while minimizing its negative effects.4. What impact has social media had on the way people connect and interact with each other?A. Decrease in social connectionsB. Rise in face-to-face interactionsC. Revolutionization of communicationD. Disconnection from friends and family5. What negative effects of social media are mentioned in the passage?A. Feelings of anxiety and depressionB. Increase in social connectionsC. Upliftment of mental healthD. Support system for individuals6. How can individuals maximize the benefits of social media?A. Engaging in constant comparison to othersB. Practicing mindfulness and setting boundariesC. Maintaining an online personaD. Feeling isolated in offline livesAnswer:4. C5. A6. BPart BDirections: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage. (10 points)The Benefits of GardeningGardening is a popular activity that offers a wide range of benefits for individuals of all ages. From providing fresh produce to promoting physical activity and reducing stress, gardening can have a positive impact on one’s overall well-being.One of the main benefits of gardening is the opportunity to grow one’s own fruits and vegetables. By planting and tending to a garden, individuals can enjoy the satisfaction of harvesting their own produce and incorporating it into their meals. This not only promotes a healthy diet but also encourages a deeper appreciation for the food we eat.In addition to the physical benefits, gardening is also known to have mental health benefits. The act of gardening can be a relaxing and therapeutic activity that helps reduce stress and anxiety. Spending time outdoors in nature and working with plants can have a calming effect on the mind and promote a sense of peace and well-being.Moreover, gardening can also promote physical activity and overall fitness. Tasks such as planting, weeding, and watering require physical exertion and movement, which can help individuals stay active and maintain their health. Gardening is alow-impact form of exercise that can be enjoyed by individuals of all fitness levels.Overall, gardening is a beneficial and rewarding hobby that can improve one’s physical health, men tal well-being, and overall quality of life. Whether gardening in a small backyard or a community garden, individuals can experience the joys and benefits of cultivating their own plants and reap the rewards of a greener and healthier lifestyle.7. What is one of the main benefits of gardening mentioned in the passage?8. How can gardening benefit one’s mental health?9. What physical benefits does gardening provide?Answer:7. The opportunity to grow one’s own fruits and vegetables.8. Gardening can be a relaxing and therapeutic activity that helps reduce stress and anxiety.9. Gardening can promote physical activity and overall fitness by requiring physical exertion and movement.篇32014 Postgraduate English Test Questions and Answers for Equivalent CandidatesPart I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1:There is a Bengali proverb which says that even a book-stall attracts a crowd. Newspapers are the first draft of history. When you receive a letter or a message do you not read it immediately? This illustrates the enormous power of the printed word. Books are the only true medium of communication of thought in the world. When you feel lonely your book will become your friend and comfort you.1. According to the Bengali proverb mentioned in the passage, ______.A. a book-stall attracts a crowd because people are curiousB. people like to read standing upC. everyone likes to gather at a book-stallD. books exert a strong attraction on people2. According to the passage, _______ are the only true medium of communication of thought in the world.A. radio and televisionB. letters and messagesC. newspapers and magazinesD. books3. According to the passage, described above, ______.A. a book-stall is preferable to a newspaperB. newspapers are of little valueC. the printed word is powerfulD. books are never boringPassage 2:‘Mental illness’ refers to a wide assortment of m ental health conditions—disorders that affect your mood, thinking, and behavior. Examples of mental illness include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and addictivebehaviors. Many people have mental health concerns from time to time. But a mental health concern becomes a mental illness when signs and symptoms cause frequent stress and affect your ability to function.4. According to the passage, mental illness refers to ______.A. common mental health concernsB. disorders that do not affect behaviorC. a wide variety of mental health conditionsD. mood and behavior problems only5. In the passage, mental health concerns become mental illnesses when ______.A. they cause frequent stress and affect functionB. they are not treated properlyC. they have not yet been studiedD. they only relate to mood problems6. The passage suggests that _______.A. mental health concerns are not seriousB. addictive behaviors are not considered mental illnessesC. everyone experiences mental health concerns at some pointD. depression is not a mental illnessPassage 3:The most enjoyable museums in the world are hands-on, interactive, and engaging. You don't just look at the exhibits, you also touch, feel, and sometimes, even taste them. Naturally, these museums are especially popular with children.7. According to the passage, the most enjoyable museums in the world ______.A. are hands-on and interactiveB. focus on looking at exhibitsC. are not popular with childrenD. are located all over the place8. The passage suggests that the museums described ______.A. are only for adultsB. are not interactiveC. do not allow you to touch exhibitsD. engage all of your senses9. Children are especially drawn to these museums because they ______.A. are boring and uninterestingB. are not hands-on or interactiveC. only focus on looking at exhibitsD. allow them to touch, feel, and taste exhibitsPart II Vocabulary (10%)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this section. Each sentence has 4 underlined words or phrases. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part.10. The research firm is known for its innovative approach to problem-solving.A. traditionalB. freshC. expensiveD. frustrating11. The company was fined for violating environmental regulations.A. followingB. ignoringC. supportingD. reforming12. His persistent efforts paid off in the end.A. regularB. continuedC. suddenD. spontaneous13. The police arrested the suspect on suspicion of robbery.A. accusationB. doubtC. involvementD. escape14. The ambassador conducted negotiations with the foreign delegation.B. ledC. mediatedD. canceled15. The new law will be implemented next week.A. enforcedB. proposedC. postponedD. revised16. She is always bragging about her accomplishments.A. humbleB. exaggeratingC. boastingD. hiding17. His excessive drinking has been causing concern among his friends.A. moderateC. regularD. extreme18. The city skyline is dominated by tall skyscrapers.A. surroundedB. characterizedC. overwhelmedD. influenced19. The dress designer uses a variety of fabrics in her creations.A. designsB. patternsC. materialsD. colors20. The new plan will have a significant impact on the environment.A. positiveB. negativeD. minor21. It's important to maintain a healthy work-life balance.A. improveB. achieveC. keepD. lose22. Her contagious laughter brightened up the room.A. hilariousB. infectiousC. suddenD. fake23. The company is facing fierce competition from its rivals.A. friendlyB. intenseC. casualD. distant24. The ancient ruins contain a treasure trove of historical artifacts.A. wealthB. assortmentC. collectionD. discovery25. His fiery speech ignited a revolution in the country.A. passionateB. hatefulC. calmD. aggressive26. The artist's abstract paintings are open to interpretation.A. criticismB. understandingC. explanationD. judgment27. They are discussing the logistics of organizing the event.A. detailsB. expensesC. challengesD. possibilities28. The company decided to diversify its product range.A. decreaseB. expandC. modifyD. limit29. The professor's lectures are always enlightening and informative.A. boringB. inspiringC. confusingD. educational30. The new software is compatible with most operating systems.A. includedB. connectedC. suitableD. popularPart III Cloze Test (15%)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.There are many ways to__(31)__ stress, but one strategy is to “embrace the stress.” Instead of running from it, __(32)__ [A] it motivates you. The __(33)__ [B] answer is that stress can help you do better, but it all depends __(34)__ [C] your attitude. If you_(35)_ [D] that stress is bad, it will only make you feel worse. A __(36)__ [A] study by scientists shows that people who were told “stress is good for you” __(37)__ [B] better on tests compared to those who weren’t given the __(38)__ [C] message. They found that stress could help you in situations where you __(39)___ [D] quick thinking. This is because you r body’s stress response can be used to __(40)__ [A] you perform at your peak. If you’re in a __(41)__ [B] situation, rather than letting the stress overwhelm you, __(42)__ [C] embracing it will help you cope.__(43)__ [D] prove that the stress hormone cortisol can be helpful if you believe that it is. __(44)__ [A] study from the University of Buffalo, New York, found that __(45)__ [B] who viewed stress as debilitating had __(46)__ [C] health risks, while those who __(47)__ [D] it as a natural response showed better health outcomes.31. A. release32. A. if33. A. right34. A. in35. A. admit36. A. recent37. A. did38. A. same39. A. need40. A. let41. A. danger42. A. owning43. A. The44. A. Another45. A. crew46. A. higher47. A. definePart IV Error Detection (10%)Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. Select the part that is incorrect.48. A new research has (A) shown that people (B) who take regular (C) naps tend to be (D) more creative.49. After presenting the (A) project, the company's (B) sales team felt contented (C) with their effort (D).50. The cooperation between the two (A) companies have resulted (B) in a successful (C) marketing campaign (D).51. The professor emphasized (A) the importance of (B) regular attendance (C) in order to pass (D) the course.52. She is an experienced (A) and dedicated (B) employee, who is (C) always willing to (D) help her colleagues.Part V Writing (35%)Write an essay of about 500 words on the topic: "The Importance of Education in Modern Society."Answers:1. D2. D3. C4. C5. A6. C7. A8. D9. D10. B11. A12. B13. A14. B15. A16. C17. D18. B19. C20. C21. C22. B23. B24. C25. A26. C27. A28. B29. D30. C31. A33. A34. C35. A36. A37. B38. C39. D40. A41. A42. C43. D44. A45. B46. C47. D48. A50. B51. D52. DThe Importance of Education in Modern SocietyEducation plays a crucial role in modern society, shaping individuals' lives and influencing the development of nations. It is the key to unlocking opportunities, broadening perspectives, and empowering individuals to make informed decisions. In today's rapidly changing world, the importance of education cannot be overstated.Firstly, education provides individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills to succeed in various aspects of life. From acquiring basic literacy and numeracy skills to advanced specialized knowledge, education equips individuals with the tools they need to navigate the complexities of the modern world. It enables people to think critically, solve problems, and adapt to new challenges, making them valuable contributors to society.Additionally, education fosters personal growth and development, allowing individuals to discover their interests,passions, and potential. Through exposure to diverse perspectives and experiences, education encourages lifelong learning and self-improvement. It promotes creativity, innovation, and intellectual curiosity, enriching individuals' lives and enhancing their personal fulfillment.Furthermore, education is essential for promoting social cohesion, equality, and economic prosperity. By providing individuals with equal access to quality education, societies can achieve greater social mobility, reduce inequality, and promote social justice. Education empowers individuals from all backgrounds to fulfill their aspirations, contribute to their communities, and participate meaningfully in society.In conclusion, education is a fundamental human right and a cornerstone of progress in modern society. By investing in education, individuals, communities, and nations can unlock untapped potential, promote inclusive development, and build a brighter future for generations to come. The transformative power of education is undeniable, shaping the world we live in and creating opportunities for a better tomorrow.。

2014年英语试题及答案(全国卷I)

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和D ）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。

AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites , even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to createartwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue,Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honor at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15h, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are availableat :http:// .21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?A. School students.B. Cambridge locals.C. CSF winners.D. MIT artists.22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A. On February 8th.B. On March 10th.C. On March 15thD. On April 21st.23. What type of writing is this text?A .An exhibition guide. B. An art show review.C. An announcement.D. An official report.BPassenger pigeons (旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群)so large that they the sky forhours.It was calculated that when it populationzxxk reached its highest point ,they were more than 3billlion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds weremost abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands, Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century ,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested hadbeen damaged by American’s need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds togo farther north, where cold temperatures and storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flockswere gone, never to be seen again.In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wi pigeon in the UnitedStates was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time , a few birds survived under humancare. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.24. In the 18th and early 19teh centuries, passenger pigeons____.A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. were the largest bird population in the Us25. The underlined word “ undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ____.A. escapeB. ruinC. liberationD. evolution26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A. To seek pleasure.B. To save other birds.C. To make money.D. To protect crops.27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the public.B. It was declared too late.C. It was unfair.D. It was strict.CA typical lion tamer（驯兽师）in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip( 鞭) at a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show. In reality, it’ the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair n front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight., start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is been the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we cant’ focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.It does n’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing,. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become…take immediate action. If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair? zxxkA. To trick the lion.B. To show off his skills.C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A. They feel puzzled over choices.B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They find it hard to make changes.D. They have to do something for show30. What is the author’s attitude towards the expert mentioned in Paragraph3?A. Tolerant.B. Doubtful.C. Respectful.D. Supportive.31. When the world is “ waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to _____A. wait for a better chanceB. break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidanceD.As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations zxxkEducational , Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations _UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages andoral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and zxxkTheir Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India , Nepal, Bhutan, and China . But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded –the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project __Turin has started a campaign to make suchzxxk documents, for the world available not justto scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to ______.A. promote global languagesB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations.33. What does “that tradition’ in Paragraph 3 refer to ?A. Having full records of the languagesB. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language usersD. Living with the native speaker.34. What is Turin’s book based on?A. The cultural studiesB. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the following best describe Turin’s work?A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Collect, protect and reconnect.D. Design, experiment and report.第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)真题2014年4月_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)真题2014年4月(总分100, 做题时间150分钟)课程代码：00595注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

I. CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SH EET. (40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The passengers on the bus watched sympathetically as the you ng woman with the white cane made her way cautiously up th e steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to feel the location of the seats, settled into one. She pla ced her briefcase on her lap and rested her cane against h er leg.It had been a year since Susan, thirty-four, became blind. As the result of a medical accident she was sightless, suddenly thrown into a world of darkness, a nger, frustration and self-pity. All she could cling to was her husband Mark.Mark was an Air Force officer and he loved Susan with all his heart. When she first lost her sight, he watched her sink into despair and he became determined to use every m eans to help his wife.Finally, Susan felt ready to return to her job, but how wo uld she get there? She used to take the bus, but she was now too frightened to get around the city by herself. Mar k volunteered to ride the bus with Susan each morning andevening until she got the hang of (摸清情况) it. And that was exactly what happened.For two weeks, Mark, military uniform and all, accompanied S usan to and from work each day. He taught her how to rely on her other senses, specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new environment. H e helped her befriend the bus drivers who could watch out for her, and save her a seat.Each morning they made the journey together, and Mark would take a taxi back to his office. Although the routine of going back and forth was costly, Mark knew it was only a matter of time before Susan would be able to ride the bus on her own.Finally, Susan decided that she was ready to try the trip on her own. Monday morning arrived. Before she left, she em braced her husband tightly. Her eyes filled with tears of g ratitude for his loyalty, his patience, and his love. She s aid good-bye and, for the first time, they went their separate ways. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday... Each day on her own went perfectly, and a wild gaiety (快乐) took hold of Susan. She was doing it! She was going t o work all by herself!.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.When Susan got on the bus, the passengers ______.A admired herB stared curiously at herC ignored herD felt sorry for her该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.Which of the following is true of Mark?A He kept confidence in Susan.B He felt confused with Susan.C He depended more on Susan.D He was tired of Susan.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL3.At the beginning of her sightless life, Susan was seized by anger, self-pity and ______.A irritationB hesitationC hopelessnessD indifference该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.Which of the following is true?A Mark realized it would take a long time for Susan to recover her sight.B Mark knew that Susan would get to work by herself sooner or later.C Mark hated to leave poor Susan alone even for one minute.D Mark loved the routine of accompanying Susan to work.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL5.The passage can be used as an example of ______.A honestyB sympathyC diligenceD determination该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Most people claim that we should judge others on the basisof how they act, not how they look. However, the reality is quite opposite. Appearance is especially important in th e early stages of a relationship.The influence of physical attractiveness begins early in life . Infants as young as six months prefer images of attractiv e faces to less appealing ones. From age five on, overweigh t boys are viewed by peers as less attractive; tall, thin ones are judged as uncommunicative and nervous; and muscular and athletic youngsters are seen as outgoing, active, and popular. The same principle continues into adult life. Handso me men and beautiful women are seen as more sensitive, kind , interesting, strong, calm, modest, sociable, outgoing, and exciting than their less attractive counterparts. Adults are more likely to interact with strangers who they view as att ractive. Senior citizens also rate good-looking people as more desirable than those who are less at tractive.Although we might assume that attractive people are radically different from those who are less attractive, the truth is that we view the familiar as beautiful. Langlois and Roggm an presented students with two types of photos: some were i mages of people from North European, Asian, and Latino backg rounds, while others **puter-generated images **bined the characteristics of several indivi duals. Surprisingly, the students consistently preferred **posi te photos of both men and women. When the features of eigh t or more individuals **bined into one image, the students rated the picture as more attractive than the features of a single person or of a **bination of people. Thus, we seem to be drawn to people who represent the most attractive q ualities of ourselves and those people aren't different from the rest of us.Even if your appearance isn't beautiful by social standards, consider these encouraging facts: first, ordinary-looking people with pleasing personalities are likely to be judged as being attractive; second, physical factors become l ess important as a relationship progress. As Hamachek puts it, “Attractive features may open doors, but apparently, it takes more than physical beauty to keep them open.”SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.“The same principle”(Para. 2) refers to the principle tha t ______.A children are more attractive than adultsB attractive people are perceived as desirableC the early stages of a relationship are importantD the influence of appearance begins early in life该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.The third paragraph emphasizes in part the importance of ___ ___.A familiarityB differenceC individualityD consistency该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL8.According to the passage, the **posite features people have, ______.A the more unique they areB the less ordinary they areC the more attractive they areD the less beautiful they are该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL9.In his statement, Hamachek is giving emphasis to ______.A social standardsB composite featuresC good characterD physical attraction该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.The best title for the passage is ______.A Beauty and AgeB Appearance and RelationshipC Standards of Social BehaviorD Features of Physical Attractiveness该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The public schools of the United States—elementary, secondary, and higher—have a history, and it is the social history of the United States: the decades before the Civil War, in which the el ementary or “common schools”were reformed; the decades sur rounding the turn of the twentieth century, in which the se condary schools “welcomed”the “children of the plain peop le”;and the post-World War II decades, which found the public colleges and u niversities flooded non-traditional students—those traditionally excluded from higher education by sex, ra ce, and class.In each of these periods, the quantitative expansion of the student population was matched by a qualitative transformati on of the enlarged institutions. **mon schools of the mid-1800s were charged with reforming the moral character of the children of failed artisans (工匠) and farmers; the expanded high schools at the turn of the century with preparing their poor, working-class, and immigrant teenagers for future lives in city and factory; the “open-access”publicinstitutions in the postwar period with moving their students off the unemployment lines and into lower-level white-collar positions.**mon schools, the high schools, the colleges and universities—all in their own times—were expanded and transformed so that they might better main tain social order and increase material productivity. But no matter how enlarged or reformed, they could not do the jo bs expected of them: they could not solve the economic, soc ial, and human problems brought about by uncontrolled urbaniz ation and industrialization within the context of the private property system. The schooling reforms succeeded only in sh ifting the discussion and action from the social and product ive system to the people who were now held responsible for not fitting into it.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.American education in the post-World War II decades focused mostly on ______.A early childhood educationB elementary school educationC secondary school educationD college education该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL12.The turn-of-the-century American education dealt partly with the problem of ______.A failed farmersB unsuccessful artisansC immigrant teenagersD lower-level white-collar workers该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL13.It is implied in the passage that women began to be educat ed in large numbers ______.A after the Civil WarB at the turn of the 20th centuryC before World War IID after World War II该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL14.One of the purposes for public school reformation is ______.A to increase material productivityB to impose the quality of educationC to urbanize rural areas in the United StatesD D. to promote industrialization in the United States该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL15.The author believes that public schools ______.A changed American political systemB could not solve American problemsC led to social problems in the United StatesD could not improve qualitatively in the United States该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Historical periods are dominated by distinct sets of ideas w hich form the general spirit of a period in history. Greek philosophy, Christianity, Renaissance thought, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment are examples of sets of ideas that dominated their historical periods. The changes fr om one period to the next are usually rather gradual.; othe r changes—more abrupt—are often referred to as revolutions. The most far-reaching of all these intellectual changes was the Darwinian revolution. The worldview formed by any thinking person in the Western world after 1859, when On the Origin of Speci es was published, was by necessity quite different from a w orldview formed before 1859. It is almost impossible for a modern person to project back to the early half of the nin eteenth century and reconstruct the thinking of this pre-Darwinian period, for the impact of Darwinism on our views has been so great.The intellectual revolution brought about by Darwin went far beyond the realm of biology, causing the overthrow of some of the most basic beliefs of his age. For example, Darwin rejected the belief in the individual creation of each spe cies, establishing in its place the concept that all of lif e descended from a common ancestor. By extension, he introdu ced the idea that humans were not the special products of creation but evolved according to principles that operate eve rywhere else in the living world. Darwin upset current notio ns of a perfectly designed natural and gentle world and sub stituted in their place the concept of a struggle for survi val. Victorian notions of progress and perfectibility were se riously weakened by Darwin's demonstration that evolution brin gs about change and adaptation, but it does not necessarily lead to progress, and it never leads to perfection.Darwin would be remembered as an outstanding scientist even if he had never written a word about evolution. Indeed, som e people believe that Darwin’s most original contribution to biology was not the theory of evolution but his series of books on experimental botany published near the end of his life. This achievement is little known among non-biologists, and the same is true for his equally outstanding work on the adaptation of flowers and on animal psychology , as well as his imaginative work on earthworms. Darwin als o attacked important problems with extraordinary originality, thereby becoming the founder of several now well-recognized separate disciplines. Darwin was the first person to work out a sound theory of classification, which is stil l used by most experts today.SSS_SINGLE_SEL16.The author considers the change caused by Darwin’s On the Origin of Species ______.A gradualB abruptC religiousD philosophical该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SELThe influence of Darwinism has been so strong that it is d ifficult to ______.A know how people looked at the world before 1859B imagine people’s worldview after 1859C disregard the implications of his theoryD know what Victorian society was like该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL18.Darwin believed that all species in the world ______.A were created individuallyB sprang from the same originC became increasingly betterD shared the same pace of progress该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL19.It can be concluded from the passage that Darwin was ______ .A a modest scholarB a born thinkerC an original scientistD a practical theorist该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.The author intends to say in the last paragraph that ______ .A Darwin did outstanding work apart from his theory of evolutionB non-biologists know very little about Darwin's theory of evolutionC scholars failed to recognize Darwin’s contributions for along timeD Darwin's most outstanding contribution is his theory of classification该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DII. SPEED READINGSkim or scan the following passages, and then decide on t he best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)Passage 5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Potatoes are a tuber-producing crop originally grown in the Americas. Over 200 va rieties of wild potatoes grow from what is now Colorado to what are now Chile and Argentina. The native peoples of t he Andean region of South America were the first to domesti cate potatoes and to cultivate them as a food crop. The ea rliest potato, found in an archaeological site in central Pe ru, has been dated back to about 8000 B.C.. Scientists beli eve that American Indians began domesticating potatoes at the end of the Ice Age. Four thousand years later, native peo ples livingin the Andean highlands had begun to rely on potatoes as a major part of their diet. By about 2000 B.C.. Indians in the coastal region of what is now Peru were also cultivat ing this crop extensively.During the reign of the Inca, who established their empire in what is now Peru in about A.D. 1000, American Indian fa rmers were growing not only white potatoes but red, yellow, black, blue, green, and brown ones as well. They were del iberately developing potatoes of varying sizes and shapes tha t would do well under a number of growing conditions. Becau se potatoes were easily grown, flourish in a number of clim ates, and high in vitamin C, they were an efficient way of meeting dietary needs.In 1531, when Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro landed in what is now Peru, the native Andean peoples had developed a bout 3,000 types of potatoes and had also invented a method to freeze-dry them for storage. The Inca, who called potatoes papas, ate boiled potatoes as a vegetable and also made a kind of unleavened potato bread made from flour that had been grou nd from freeze-dried potatoes. They also added this potato flour to soups and stews and made porridge from it.Pedro de Cieza, who traveled with Francisco Pizarro's expedit ion, compared potatoes to chestnuts. Because the tubers grew underground and were small, the Spaniards believed potatoes were truffles (块菌) and began calling them tartuffo. When English explorer S ir Francis Drake crossed the Strait of Magellan, he ate pot atoes on the coast of what is now Chile that same year. Y et, historians are uncertain exactly whether the Spaniards or the English brought potatoes to Europe.SSS_SINGLE_SEL21.The earliest potato was found in ______.A PeruB ChileC ArgentinaD Colorado该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL22.Potatoes became the major source of food for American Indian s about ______.A 8000 B.C.B 4000 B.C.C 2000 B.C.D A.D.1000该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL23.American Indians developed potatoes of different sizes and sh apes to ______.A meet different dietary needsB get potatoes of different colorsC suit various growing conditionsD store them in convenient places该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL24.American Indians freeze-dried potatoes so that they could be ______.A stewedB groundC storedD boiled该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL25.Which of the following is true?A Historians believe that the English brought potatoes to Europe.B Sir Francis Drake ate potatoes in what is now Peru.C Francisco **pared potatoes to chestnuts.D The Spaniards thought that potatoes were truffles.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DPassage 6Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The blogging craze of a couple of years ago, when it was estimated that ten new blogs were started somewhere in the world every minute, now seems to have died down a bit. Y et thousands of blogs—probably the better ones—remain. Blogs are now no longer seen as the exclusive posse ssion of geeks, and are now seen as important and influenti al sources of news and opinions. So many people read blogs now that it has even been suggested that some blogs may have been powerful enough to influence the result of the re cent U.S. election.Blogs are very easy to set up. All you need is a computer , an internet connection and the desire to write something.A blog differs from a traditional internet site in two ways. First, a blog is one page consisting mostly of texts, though a few pictures are sometimes provided. Second, andmore importantly, a blog is a space for people to respond to what you write. The best blogs are similar to online di scussions, where people write in response to what the blogge r has written. Blogs are regularly updated—busy blogs are updated every day, or even every few hours.Not all blogs are about politics, however. There are blogs about music, films, sports, books—any subject you can imagine has its enthusiasts typing away and giving their opinions to fellow enthusiasts or anyone else who cares to read their opinions.But how influential, or important, is the blogosphere really? One problem with blogs is that many people who read and write them seem only to communicate with each other. When p eople talk about the influence of the blogosphere, they do not take into account the millions of people around the wor ld who are not bloggers, never read blogs, and don't even have access to a computer, let alone a good internet connec tion.Sometimes, it seems that the blogosphere exists only to infl uence itself, or that its influence is limited to what is actually quite a **munity. Blogs seem to promise a virtual democracy—in which anyone can say anything they like, and have their opinions heard—but who is actually listening to these opinions? Little hard evidence shows that blogs have influenced people in the wa y that traditional mass media such as television and newspap ers are able to do.SSS_SINGLE_SEL26.Now the blogging craze ______.A is emergingB has become less intenseC keeps risingD remains the same as before该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL27.Blogs differ from traditional internet sites in that ______.A texts are mostly shortB they present picturesC they are daily updatedD readers can **ments该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL28.One problem with blogs is that bloggers fail to consider __ ____.A non-bloggersB virtual democracyC U.S. politiciansD internet connection该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL29.In the author's opinion, the influence of the blogosphere is ______.A importantB powerfulC positiveD limited该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL30.According to the author, it is not difficult to ______.A set up blogsB make blogs involve everyoneC show the importance of blogosphereD make blogs surpass traditional mass media该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DIII. DISCOURSE CLOZEThe following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggeste d answers than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)The makers of the Constitution knew that changes would be n ecessary and that if there was no way of making them, the Constitution would no longer be useful. They, therefore, ma de it possible for Americans to change the Constitution by adopting amendments to it, (31) . All amendments written int o the Constitution have been made in accordance with rules (32) . An amendment may be proposed by two-thirds of both houses of Congress or by a convention called by Congress (33) . It must then be approved by three-fourths of all the states. Then and only then (34) .Since 1789 (35) . Ten of them were adopted almos t immediately (36) . They are the amendments (37) because t hey protect the rights of individuals．Some amendments have e xtended the right to vote by forbidding discrimination in re spect to the fight to vote on account of race，color or sex，and (38) ．One great amendment abolished slavery in the Unit ed States．The Fourteenth Amendment，(39) ，has done much in recent years to bring greater justice to black people and others．Other amendments have changed the me thod of electing senators(40) ，and increased the taxing power of Congress．By amendment we have sought to **e defects in the Constitution and thus to keep it alive．(From The Constitution of the United States)[A] accepted after the Civil War[B] laid down in the original document[C]in order to make it more democratic[D] that we call the Bill of Rights[E] by interpretation on the part of the Supreme Court[F] twenty-six amendments to the Constitution have been adopted[G] that Congress had no power under the Constitution to pa ss such a law[H]at the request of two-thirds of the state legislatures[I]but they did not make it easy to do so[J] does the change become part of the Constitution [K] after the Constitution went into effect[L]by lowering the voting age to eighteenSSS_SIMPLE_SIN31.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ISSS_SIMPLE_SIN32.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN33.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:HSSS_SIMPLE_SIN34.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:JSSS_SIMPLE_SIN35.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:FSSS_SIMPLE_SIN36.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:KSSS_SIMPLE_SIN37.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN38.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:LSSS_SIMPLE_SIN39.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN40.A B C D E F GH I J K L该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CIV．WORD FORMATIONComplete each of the following sentences with the proper f orm of the word in brackets Write your answers on the ANSW ER SHEET. (10 points，1 point each)41.(bright)That new carpet will certainly _____ up your living room．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:brightly42.(anxiety) The foreign minister admitted he was still _____ a bout the situation in that country．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:anxiety43.(ill) Scientists have not yet found a cure for this _____ _．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:illness44.(sign) The recent decline of the stock market does not nece ssarily ____ the start of a recession．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:signs45.(simple) Some students lost marks _____ because they hadn’t read the question carefully．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:simply46.(enjoy) Lunch break at the hotdog stand in the park is the most _____ and interesting time of the day for me．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:enjoyable47.(able)This health center serves all patients，regardless of their ______ to pay．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:ability48.(understand) She expressed her opinions in such clear terms that no one would ____ her．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:understanding49.(1ead) Ever since the 1990s，Microsoft has been a world ____ in software design．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:led50.(judge) It’s too soon to make a ______ about the impact of the new policy．SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:judgementV．GAP FILLINGThe following is taken from the textbook．Fill in the numb ered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box(there are more words than necessary)．Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points，1 point each)asdevotefiercen caseinterestin thatloverejectionsetthatwhowithThe semi-barbaric king had a daughter whom he loved deeply. She was as passionate, fanciful, and strong as her father and was (51) to him. As is the case in many fairy tales, this daughter, the apple of her father’s eye, was in love wit h a young man (52) was below her in station. He was a commoner. He was also brave, handsome, and daring, and he l oved the royal daughter (53) all his being. The princess had enough barbarism in her (54) their love affair was dr amatic…too dramatic. It was a secret for months, but then the king found out about it.The king didn’t hesitate for a minute. He sent the young man to prison and (55) a date for his trial in the ar ena. When the date arrived, everyone in the kingdom wanted to attend. They all knew of the king’s(56) in the case , and there was excitement in the air.The king's men searched for the (57) tiger in the realm . They also searched for the fairest maiden in the land so that he could have a fitting bride (58) he were found innocent. Of course, everyone knew that he **mitted the “crime”of (59) the princess, but the king did not allow the facts of the case to alter his decision. The trial w ould go on (60) planned. The youth would be gone no ma tter what happened; he would either be dead or married. The king could enjoy the proceedings for the sport of it. (From The Lady or the Tiger)SSS_FILL51.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:devoteSSS_FILL52.。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语一)真题及答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）真题及答案Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text .Choose the word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET .(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be .We suddenly can’t remember ___we put the keys just a moment ago ,or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love .As the brain ___,we refer to these occurrences an “senior moments.” ___ seemingly innocent , this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n) ___impact on our professional, social , and personal___.Neuroscientists ,experts who study the nervous system ,are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done .It ___out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do ,and the right mental ___can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___.Thinking is ___essentially a ___of making connections in the brain .To a certain extent ,our ability to ___in marking the connections that drive intelligence is inherited . ability to ___in making the connections are made through effort and practice ,___,because these connections are made through effort and practice , scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___ mental effort .Now , a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___and developed the first “ brain training program ” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___.The Web-based program ___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills . The program keeps ___of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___ your performance and improvement .Most importantly, it ___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___ on the strengths you are developing - much like a(n) ___ exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use .1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obsucure5. [A]wellbeing [B]envirenment [C]relationahip [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]cicumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection 2 Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,CorD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency." George Osbome, Chancellor of the Exchequer, inroduced the "upfront work search" sebeme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV. register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit - and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "There first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he4 claimed, "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Rellay? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" - protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most descring claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcenter with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that suport is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always : a job.But in Osbomeland, your first instinct is to fall into depency - permanent dependency if you can get it - supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of erer-thougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happend. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you cna insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance" is about redefining rhe unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at $71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborue’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase “to sign on “most probably means[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government’s restriction on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance form the government.[D]to attend a government job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3，being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged[C]insulted[D]guilty25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession -with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis spending on legal services in America grew twice as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big -firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costlt nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawer in most American states a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today's average law-school graduate with $1000,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stem enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership syucture of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency.After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing there legal professions. America should follow.26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A] the growing demand from clients.[B] the increasing pressure of inflation.[C] the prospect of working in big firms.[D] the attraction of financial rewards.27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D] Receiving training by professional associations.28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A] lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers.[D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it[A] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30. In this text, the author mainly discusses[A] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and causes.[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in American.[C] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The USS3-millon Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in Mach And it is far from the only one of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes – both new and old – are distributed. The breakthrough prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research – as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism – that is the culture of research, after all – but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental physics Prize is seen as[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C] an example of bankers' investments[D] a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists[B]the founders of the new awards[C]the achievement-based system[D]peer-review-led research33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]contreversies over the recipients’ status[B]the joint effort of modern researchers[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes[D]the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute[C]They are the most representative honor[D]History has never cast doubt on them35.the author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism[B]harmful to the culture of research[C]subject to undesirable changes[D]unworthy of public attentionText 4“The Heart of the Matter, ”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS)， deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the critics facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent liners to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by“federal, atste and local”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives. As well ad prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy, stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls fornicated investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challengers of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2% years in the making,“ The heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter, the illiberal nature of library education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly,the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of humanities and social sciences an vehicles for publicizing “progressive, ”or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas-such as free markets and self-reliance-as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectualinvestigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative.[C] Contemptuous.[D] Tolerant.37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education.[B] define the government’s role in education.[C] keep a leading position in liberal education.[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education.38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggest[A] an exclusive study of American history.[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C] the application of emerging technologies.[D] funding for the study of foreign languages.40. Which of the following would would be the best title for text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable-for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city ‘s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample(make test excavations on)large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. the resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850,when Copan collapsed.[E] Te find their sites ,archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques ,Airborne technologies ,such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carriedby airplanes or spacecraft , allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging , Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such an ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites , however , are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them .Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites . Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the King for seven years before be located the tomb in 1922 .In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens ,Greece He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC .Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosos), on the island of Crete , in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful .Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking , looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery ,They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape .Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar ,magnetic-field recording ,and metal detectors . Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites .Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations , illustrating how sites look , and presenting the results of archaeological research.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and them translate the underlined segments into Chinese .Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailingconventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.(49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section 3 WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET(20 points)参考答案：1、【答案】A where【解析】本句的句义是：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者一个老熟人的姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。

2014年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案

2014年同等学力申硕英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12014 Same Ability Postgraduate Entrance Examination for English Test Questions and AnswersPart I Dialogue InterpretationDirections: The sentence pairs below are closely related and always discuss the same topic. After reading the two sentences, you may choose to omit the information they convey and the reasoning method for it, and select the correct answer from the four choices.1. Speaker A: I heard that Professor Smith got promoted last week.Speaker B: He did. Did you know that he has been working at the university for over 20 years? He really deserves it.Q: What do you know from Speaker B's response to Speaker A?A. Professor Smith has been at the university for a long time.B. Professor Smith has worked hard and finally gotten a promotion.C. Professor Smith is the oldest professor at the university.D. Professor Smith is the most popular professor at the university.2. Speaker A: Can you believe that Anna broke up with Mark?Speaker B: Oh, I know. I always thought they were the perfect couple.Q: What does Speaker B imply about Anna and Mark?A. Anna and Mark have been together for a long time.B. Anna and Mark are no longer a couple.C. Anna and Mark are happy together.D. Anna and Mark are a famous couple.......Part II Reading ComprehensionDirection: This part consists of 4 passages. After reading each passage, answer the questions or complete the statements that follow it.Passage 1The year 1848 brought political revolution and economic migration to Europe. The clinic and hospital in Vienna where Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis worked was one destination for those forced over Europe.Dr. Semmelweis had been born in Hungary in 1818, had entered medical school in Vienna in 1837, and had become a doctor in 1844. The Viennese clinic where Dr. Semmelweis worked was caught in the current of professional careers and economic migration that steered thousands of young doctors to Vienna from other parts of Europe. Chief residents such as Semmelweis had to compete for promotion and the attention of the professors who distributed favors and resources.This intense collective ambition, this jostling and networking, created the vital organizational networks that drove Vienna to the medical pinnacle of Europe. But such headlong, disorganized pursuit of professional allegiance and social advancement led to inevitable error, as the cause of this first medical tragedy soon became clear.1. In 1848, Europe witnessed _____.a. a political revolutionb. a economic migrationc. a and bd. none of the above2. Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis ____.a. was born in Germanyb. entered medical school in Hungaryc. competed for promotiond. entered medical school in Budapest......Part III VocabularyDirection: Select the correct meaning of the underlined word or phrase in the sentence.1. The book is somewhat of a rarity, and it could fetch a high price at the auction.a. valueb. scarcityc. numberd. quality2. The old buildings were standing in defiance of the developer's plan to demolish them.a. obedienceb. supportc. protestd. agreement......Part IV TranslationDirection: Translate the following sentences into English.1. 他们正在进行一场生动的辩论，以寻找新的解决方案。

在职攻读硕士联考英语真题2014年

在职攻读硕士联考英语真题2014年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Dialogue Communication(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A Dialogue Completion(总题数：5，分数：7.50)1.Speaker A: Mind if I call you Albert?Speaker B: ______（分数：1.50）A.Yes, just call me "AI". √B.Yes, you may do that.C.OK. Everyone does.D.Of course not. But just "AI" will do.解析：[解析] 本题考查用mind询问意见的回答方式。

Mind if的意思是“介意做……”，如果介意，需要回答“yes”，紧跟着介绍介意的原因，如果不介意，则回答“no”。

要注意回答的前后一致性。

B、C 两个选项均前后矛盾，表示“介意”后，紧跟着又表示同意对方的要求，D选项“当然不介意”却又纠正对方的叫法。

只有A选项“介意，叫我A1就可以了”是正确答案。

2.Speaker A: Are you ready?Speaker B: ______ I just need to get my jacket.（分数：1.50）A.More or less. √B.For better or worse.C.Sooner or later.D.Now or never.解析：[解析] 本题考查固定词组的意思。

more or less“或多或少，差不多”，for better or worse“无论情况好还是坏”，sooner or later“迟早”，now or nev er“莫失良机”。

根据对话可知，只能选择more or less。

3.Speaker A: Let"s go out for a walk.Speaker B: ______ It"s raining!（分数：1.50）A.OK, it sounds good.B.My pleasure.C.What"s the point? √D.Why not?解析：[解析] 本题考查上下文语义的衔接。

03_2014届各区英语一模阅读理解_(C篇15套)

Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words: (1)Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly while you are trying to work or when your best friend does not wait for you after school?If you do, you need to take control of your feelings. Getting angry with otherscan cause you to l __1 friends.Gray Egeberg, an American high school teacher, has written a book named My FeelingsAre Like Wild Animals to help you control your feelings. The book tells how to stay cool when b 2 things happen.The book says that getting angry only makes problems w 3 . It can never make them better. “Getting angry is not a natural way to act,” the book says. “ It’s justa habit, like s moking. ”The book says you can control your feelings e 4 ... all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry.The book gives many tips to help you if you get angry frequently. Here are the top three.● Keep a r 5 . Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry. Look atit later and you will see you get angry so often.● Ask your friends to s 6 talking to you when you get angry. Leave you alone. This will teach you not to be angry.● Do something d 7 . When you get angry, walk away from the problem and go somewhere else. Try to laugh.1. l_________________2. b___________________3. w____________________4.e______________5. r________________6. s____________________7. d___________________1. lose2. bad3. worse4. easily5. record6. stop7. differentRead the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words: (2)I heard a story about an older woman who stood in line at the Post Office. She c___1___ with a young man next to her. The young man n___2___ that she had no package to mail, and asked why she was standing in line. She said that she just needed a few stamps.“Ma’am, you must be tired standing here. Do you know there’s a stamp machine over there in the corner?” He p____3____ to the machine built into the wall.“Thank you,” the lady replied, “but I’ll just wait here a little l____4____. I’m getting close to the window.”“But it would be so much e___5___ for you not to stand in this long line and buy your stam ps from the machine.”The woman smiled and answered, “Oh, I know. But that old machine would n___6___ ask me how my grandchildren are getting along.”She had a need greater than the need f___7___ postage stamps－a need to feel connected to other people. And it was a need that could not be met by a stamp machine.1. c__________________2. n___________________3. p__________________4. l________________5. e__________________6. n____________________7. f___________________C: 1. chatted 2. noticed 3. pointed 4. longer 5. easy/easier 6. never 7. forRead the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words: (3)How can I win a Nobel Prize for writing? Here’s the secretfrom this year’s winner: make it s hort, keep it real, and workhard.Canadian author Alice Munro, 82, was a 1 the 2013Nobel Prize in literature (文学). She is known for her shortstories about personal relationships of ordinary people,usually women.Munro was born in a farmer family in Ontario. The familywas very poor. Munro did a lot of physical work a 2 a young girl.But she decided to be a w 3 when she was 12. She turns her hard childhood into great writing ideas.The story Dear Life, for example, opens with a description of the neighborhood in which Munro grew up.B 4 , she talked about her poor relationship with her mother in many of her stories, such as Lives of Girls and Women and Friend of My Youth.Since she p 5 her first book in 1968, Munro has won many awards, with the Nobel Prize as her biggest honor. But Munro doesn’t see h 6 as a talented writer.“I’m the opposite of a writer with a quick gift. I don’t grasp it very readily (轻而易举地) at all, the ‘it’ being whatever I’m trying to do,” she said.Do you d 7 of becoming a writer while sadly admitting you are not that talented? Munro has a tip for you: use notebooks and write a lot.“I have lots of notebooks that contain this terribly clumsy (蹩脚的) writing,” she said. But it helps her sort out her m ind. “Stories would just be working in my head for so long that when I started to write I was deep into them.”1. a___________________2. a__________________3. w_________________4. B________________5. p___________________6. h__________________7. d___________________1. awarded2. as3. writer4. Besides5. published6. herself7. dreamRead the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. (4)Mary and her husband, Richard Goldman, loved books. Like many lovers of books, they s___1___ walked past a bookstore without stopping to look inside. They often talked of opening their own store one day.In order to realize their w___2___, they started by talking to bookstore owners and researching book business. One figure caught her attention: She had read somewhere that about 20 percent of books sold were mysteries (推理小说), and many buyers of mysteries spent more than $300 a year on books. She and Richard were mystery r__3___ and had a big collection of such books.On Halloween 1992, they ope ned the Mystery Lovers Bookshop and Café near their home. With three children in college, it was i__4__ for the couple to spend all the family’s money to start a shop. To cover the $100,000 cost, they used some of their savings, borrowed from relatives and from a bank.In order to a__5___ customers, Mary always had new ways. The shop had a coffee bar and it offered presents to mystery lovers and served dinner for book clubs that met in the store. She also invited many writers to d___6___ their stories with the buyers to let them understand the stories better. Now after paying taxes, business costs and the six part-time sales clerks, Richard and Mary together earn about $34,000.“The job we love may not go hand in hand with lots of money,” says Richard. “We do this to give an e___7___ life to ourselves. This is not about making a lot of money. What matters is that we gain happiness from it.”1. s__________________2. w__________________3. r___________________4. i__________________5. a__________________6. d___________________7. e__________________C: 1. seldom 2. wish 3. reader 4. impossible 5. attract 6. describe 7. enjoyableRead the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words: (5)Who is managing things in your town or city? Someone repairs a broken window in the library. Someone makes sure the traffic lights work. Someone pumps clean water into the pipes. Someone c 1__ for the animals in the zoo.The people who do these jobs are part of the government. In most townsor cities, they work for the mayor (市长). The mayor works with othero 2 . They manage the city and make sure that the work gets done. Theyfix old things, like roads and bridges. They build new things, likeschools and parks. If people c 3 , they listen carefully. Then they change things that are wrong. For example, if a law isn’tf 4 to some people, they change it. They try to do what the people want.Election Day is report card time! If people think the city government is doing fine, they might k 5 the same mayor. If there are problems, they might elect a new mayor.On Election Day, people go to different places to vote (投票). Then all the votes are c 6 . The mayor may win or lose. For the winner, there is lots of excitement! There is a big party with balloons f 7_ in the air!The next day, it’s time to run the city or town again. The mayor must do a good job. The office members must work hard, too. After all, in a few years, there will be another Election Day.1. c________________2. o__________________3. c__________________4. f________________5. k________________6. c__________________7. f__________________1. cares2. officials3. complain4. fair5. keep6. counted / collected7. flyingRead the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words: ( 6)Most people know that intelligence quotient (IQ) is important, but EQ is probably more important in daily life. When facing an exam, EQ helps us to manage our feelings. When getting along with friends or parents, EQ helps us to c 1 well.EQ is shaped partly by genetics（基因）. You can see some babies are quiet, while others are not.B 2 , EQ is something you can learn for yourself. You can learn what different feelings might mean and how they relate to yourself and others. If we learn in the right way, our EQ can get better as we get older. Children with a high EQ usually have greater success with making friends. Having a high EQ needs a few different skills. Learning about these skills can help us to i 3 our EQ. But what are they? Let’s take a look!1. Know yourselfMost people feel many different feelings t 4 the day. Some feelings like surprise last just a few seconds. Others, like happiness and sadness, may stay around much l 5 . Being able to recognize these everyday feelings is the most basic of all EQ skills. 2. Manage yourselfWe all get angry. We all have disappointments. But we need to control it. It is not always the right time or place to express our feelings. When you are angry with someone, take a deep breath and s 6___ count to 10. This way, you can calm down.3. Encourage yourselfWhen you fail an exam, you may be disappointed. But there is something more effective you can do—learn to encourage yourself. It gives you the energy and c 7 to move on. It helps you to build a strong heart.1. c__________________2. B____________________3. i___________________4. t_______________5. l___________________6. s____________________7. c___________________1. communicate2. Besides3. improve4. throughout/through5. longer6. slowly7. confidenceRead the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words: (7)Imagine this: romance is all around you, you have met and fallen in love with the most wonderful person. The only trouble is, you are not at home, you are in a completely different part of the w 1 . How do you let that special person know how you feel?FranceThe only place to say ‘JE T'AIME’ (I love you) is on a Paris bridge in the moonlight. If you really want to go for true French style, you will need to dress very smartly and go to a fashionable French restaurant a___2 you have said the magical words. JapanThe cherry blossom season is the most romantic time of a year in Japan. I 3 your boyfriend / girlfriend in the politest way possible (you should always be as polite as possible in Japan!), set up a nice little picnic u 4 a cherry blossom tree and say ‘SUKYO’.RussiaIt might be minus 6 degrees when you say ‘YA TYEBYA LYUBLYU’, but the s 5 will be falling around you in St Petersburg. There is no scene more romantic, and you won’t even feel the cold --- your heat will be so w 6 inside!IndonesiaGo surfing on the Indonesia waters of Sumatra and see the boy or girl of your dreams. Wake up to a beautiful sunrise, go surfing in the cool waters all day and r 7 in the evenings. Anytime is OK to say ‘SAYA CINTA PADAMU’!Wherever you come from, only say ‘I love you’ when you truly mean it. They may only be three little words, but they are powerful words in any language!1. w_____________________2. a________________________3. I_____________________4.u_____________________5. s______________________6. w _______________________7. r_______________________1.world2. after3. invite4.under5. snow6. warm7. relaxRead the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words: (8)Chuck Wall teaches management and human relations at Bakersfield College. He walked intothe class one day and told his students that their homework was to perform one act of random(任意的) kindness. His students did not c 1 understand the homework and didn’t know what to do, but the professor would not answer their questions. He encouraged his students to work it out by themselves.One week later, the students entered the classroom excitedly to share their s 2 . One student gave away blankets to the homeless. Another reported on helping an old man cleaning the house, and another student had been trying to f 3 a long, lost friend. Students were energized (给予活力的) by the homework and wanted other people to be kind too. And luckily, the local businesses provided them some money and materials. With the s 4 of them, the students made stickers to put on cars that invited people to do something kind for others. They sold the stickers and decided to donate the money to a center for the blind---not surprising as Professor Wall is blind.Since then, kindness activities have been very p 5 in schools around the world. Many schools organize a Random Acts of Kindness Week, around November 13th, to celebrate World Kindness Day. some schools use each day of Random Acts of Kindness Week to perform different kind acts, such as making a new friend, helping someone, doing community service, or r 6 _ money for a charity. Students learn to consider other people and think about how small actions can make the world a b __ 7 _ place.1. c______________2. s____________3. f______________4. s_____________5. p____________6. r_____________7. r______________1. completely/ clearly2. stories3. find4. support5. popular6. raising7. betterRead the passage and rill in the blanks with proper words:: ( 9)There are different ways of telling a story. It can be told in words, in pictures. in music,And acted o 1____, or it can be told by still another way---by dancing. Dancingthat tells a story is called a ballet (芭蕾舞).The dancing in a ballet is done to music,butthe story is told by themovements of the dancers. There is no singing and speaking in it.A ballet is a work of art just as abeautiful picture.The origin (起源)of ballet d 2 back about 600 years ago,which began as a kindof entertainment in the courts of the rulers ofItaly. Two hundred years later ballet was popular in the French court.The French King Louis XIV founded a ballet school. Later the rulersof Russia became interested in ballet. They offered large amounts ofmoney to the best ballet masters and dancers of France. They alsoset up their own ballet schools and dance companies (舞蹈团).SoonRussians produced many famous ballets. "Swan Lake" was one ofthem. Russians transformed the world of dance, music, art, theatre and even f 3The basic positions (姿势)and techniques of ballet were developed long ago. Over the centuries, choreographers (编舞者) have revised (修改 )the classical techniques, but the basic positions have remained the same. When you begin learning the steps and poses (舞姿) of ballet, you will realizethat most of them have French names. For example, a partof a ballet that is danced by just twopeople is called pas de deux (芭蕾双人舞).Most ofthe French terms have been c 4 throughout the years. Such French words remind usthat France was once the leader in ballet.Ballet dancing is known for its grace and elegance, as ballerinas (芭蕾舞女演员) seemto glide (滑行) across the stage almost effortlessly (不费力地). Probably the most importantpart of aballet dancer's equipment is ballet shoes. After several years of proper t 5 ，female ballet dancers wear pointed shoes (足尖鞋)to raise themselves even higher and lighterby going up on their toes. Pointe shoes make it possible for ballerinas to dance on thetips of their toes.The first ballet was performed over 500 years ago. Men t 6 danced the leading roles, as women were considered too weak to perform the challenging and sometimes daring choreography (大胆的舞蹈动作).But now a girl has as good a chance as a boy of being a famousballet dancer. Many of the most famous ballets were adapted from fairy tales and folk stories.Some ballets are based on historical events and bible stories. In a ballet, youcan find the mostbeautiful and graceful of all dance styles. If you've ever seen a l____7 ballet on stage, you are aware of a ballerina's amazing ability to transport an entire audience into another world. All ballet dancers have one thing in common: a love of the grace, beauty and discipline(有素养)of ballet.1. o__________________2.d __________________ 3 .f ________________ 4.c___________________5. t__________________6. t___________________7. l_________________C: 1. out 2. dates 3. fashion 4. carried 5. training 6. traditionally 7. liveRead the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words: (11)An 8-year-old Miami boy, Joshua Williams, is president of his own non-profit organization---Joshua’s Save the World. His organization provides food and clothes for p 1people and families in Miami and the neighboring areas.Joshua has r 2 thousands of dollars for his organization. He started to help the hungry when he was just 5. He was in his mother’s car when they passed a beggar. Joshua asked his mother to stop so that he c ould give him $20. “It’s my m 3 . I want to help him, Mum,” Joshua recalled. One year later, he created his organization with the help of his mother and Francine Hanna, a local businesswoman. “He just thought that was what he wanted to do,” his mother said. “And there was nothing that could s 4____ him.”The organization now provides clothing, furniture and food for the poor people in America. At the same time, Joshua never misses a c 5 to encourage other people to follow what he did whether at church or on the streets. Earl Laird lost his job two years ago and hasn’t managed to get a n 6 one. Without money, he can’t pay for the flat and has to live on the street. He depends on food from Joshua’s Save the World. “Joshua is an angel (天使) f rom God,” he said.Joshua has won Miami’s “Do the Right Thing” award and the “Kids Who Care” competition, which awarded him a $1,000 note. Even though he has a 7 done plenty, he s a i d t h a t h i s mission(使命)to provide for the poor is far from finished. “I want to get a team together,”Joshua said. “I want my team to go out and give food to people who have a need for it.I want to spread love to countries in Africa.”1. p__________________2. r__________________3. m________________4.s___________________5. c__________________6. n___________________7. a_________________1. poor2. raised3. money4. stop5. chance6. new7. alreadyRead the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words: (13)The story behind the shopping cartCharactersSylvan Goldman – owner of a grocery shopFred Young –Sylvan’s friend, a mechanic (机械师)One night in 1936, in an American city. Inside Fred’s workshop, Sylvan sits next to Fred, who is making adjustments (调试) to their new i 1 – a shopping cart. Sylvan: My customers don’t like our shopping cart.Fred: Really? So they p 2 shopping with those heavy baskets?Sylvan: (nods) I’ve got a huge crowd of customers every day, b 3 none of them wants to use the cart.Fred: I don’t understand. We invented the cart so that people don’t need to carry a basket around the shop.Sylvan: (laughs) And so that they will buy more groceries!Fred: So why don’t they like the shopping cart?Sylvan: Young men think that pushing a cart around makes them look w 4 and slow, and young women think it’s unfashionable.Fred: Of course it isn’t fashionable right now. It’s only just been invented! But I’m sure older people will appreciate it.Sylvan: Um…Fred: What? They don’t like the cart e 5 ?Sylvan: Well, they think pushing it makes them look helpless!Fred: Oh no. We need to do something, Fred. We can’t just g 6 up on this invention! Sylvan: We won’t. (He gets up and walks around the room. Suddenly, he stops.) Aha! I’ve got an idea.Fred: What is it?Sylvan: I’ll hire (雇佣) some good-looking guys and girls to push the carts around and pretend they’reshopping.Fred: Oh! So the real shoppers will see these attractive people using the carts and think, “Hey, if it’s good enough for them, it’s good enough for me!”Sylvan: E 7 .Fred: Hey! Maybe you could get one of the girls to greet your customers and encourage them to use the cart.Sylvan: Great idea!1. i__________________2. p__________________3. b________________4.w___________________5. e_________________6. g___________________7. E_________________1. invention2. prefer3. but4. weak5. either6. give7. ExactlyRead the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words: ( 14)Make the skies blueThe streets of Dalian, Liaoning were covered by snowa week before Spring Festival. However, instead of stayingat home, Li Chunyuan, a Junior 1 student at No. 42 MiddleSchool, went out with her classmates. They made posters byt 1 and called on people not to set off fireworks.The students did this in order to r 2 air pollution. Since January, many cities in China have seen a lot of foggy days. In Beijing, only five days in January were free of smog (雾霾).An official for the Ministry of Environmental Protection told Beijing News that PM2.5 pollution is the m 3 problem with air pollution.Poor air has done harm to people’s health. Children and the elderly are more at risk.A report from Beijing Children’s Hospital shows that half of the p 4 had respiratory (呼吸道的) problems from Jan. 5 to 11.To respond to the air problem, the Chinese government and many Chinese people have started to take action. Beijing announced a plan to use clean fuel in government vehicles a n d p l a n t t r e e s.I t a 5 asked citizens to set off fewer fireworks for the Spring Festival celebration.They suggested that cars with large emissions (排放) should be banned (禁止) and factories should be closely watched. Three students from No. 4 High School in Beijing wrote a r e p o r t t o a d v i s e h 6 to fight the air pollution.“We hope more people will j 7 us to protect our environment. With all our efforts, the blue skies will certainly return soon,” said Shi Yucong, one of the three students.1. t________________2. r________________3. m_______________4. p_______________5. a_______________6. h_______________7. i________________C. 1.themselves 2.reduce 3.main 4.patients 5.also 6.how 7.join（共14分，每小题 2分）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words: (15)Butterfly fairyThere was once a little girl. She had no family, and no oneloved her. One day, when she was walking through a field, shenoticed a small butterfly c 1 in a thorn bush（荆刺丛）. Themore the butterfly tried to free itself, the deeper the thorns cut into its body. The little girl c 2 let go the butterfly. Instead of going away, the butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.“For your kindness,” the butterfly fairy said to the little girl, “I will give you any w 3 you would like to have.”T he little girl thought for a moment and then replied, “I want to be h 4 .”The fairy said, “Very good.” Then she got close to the girl’s ear and said something to her in a low voice.As the little girl grew up, there was no one in the village s 85 happy as she. Everyone asked the secret of her happiness. She would smile and only answer, “The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a butterfly fairy when I was a little girl.”When she was very old, the neighbours all came to visit her. They were a 6 that her secret of happiness would die with her. “Tell us, please,” they begged, “tell us what the fairy said.”The old woman smiled and said, “She told me that everyone, old or young, poor or rich, beautiful or ugly, n 7 me.She said that always helping others would make my dream come true.”1. c _____2. c ____3. w ___ _4. h _ ___5. s ____ _6. a _____7. n ____1. caught2. carefully3. wish4. happy5. so6. afraid7. needs /needed。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSH EET1.(10points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesu ddenlycan'tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.A sthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea( an)4impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5.Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6 outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccogni tive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthat driveintelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligenc ecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhel ppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourpr ogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthega mesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping--muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvar yyourmuscleuse.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions[C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof [C]apartfrom [D]insteadof13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]s tability[C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1-5ABDCA6-10ACBDC11-15DABAD16-20BDCCB答案解析：1.[标准答案][A]2.[考点分析]上下文语义和连词辨析3.[选项分析]本题考查连词。

同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平全国统一考试英语卷一真题2014年.doc

同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平全国统一考试英语卷一真题2014年(总分：75.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part I Oral Communi(总题数：2，分数：6.00)Dialogue One A. They had been in there for about 5 minutes B. It's theother man I'm talking about C. I thought you said there were three men Burney: There were two men, I think. No, three. They ran into the bank and the one with thegun，the tall one, he runs up to the window, and starts shouting something, I don't know, "Give me all your money" and the other one -Police officer:_____1______? Burney: No, there were two men and a girl. _____2_____the one carrying the suitcase,well, he goes up to the other guy -Police officer: The one with the gun? urney: Yes, and he opens the suitcase and the cashier, well, she - well, all the otherpeople behind the window - they hand over piles of money and two men put it into the suitcase and they run out. It was l:35.________3______ （分数：3.00）A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.Dialogue Two A. Ilike a goodstory B. They still make movies like that C. People today don't like that Speaker A: I like watching old l movies and I think they are the best. Speaker B: I agree with you, eventhough they're in black and white. I think a good story is more important than color. Speaker A: And there was no violence in old movies. Speaker B: No, there wasn't._______4_______ Speaker A: They like lots of action. Speaker B:_____5______ Speaker A:I like to see actors who are like real people. Speaker B:Like real people with real problems. Speaker A:___6____ Speaker B: Yes, but they never make much money.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.二、Section B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)A. I do a lot of research on the Internet tooB. I document everythingC. Of course they mail their friends endlesslyD. I do a lot of my shopping on the net now Interviewer:Ms. Chen, can you tell us which pieces of technology are important to you? Interviewee: Three things: my Sharp laptop; myiphone5; and my Olympus digital camera.____7____: the kids, art, buildings, clothes, scenes that catch myeye as I walk past. Interviewer:What do you use your computer for? Interviewee:Well, I send emails all the time. But I do a lot of my design work on screennow and I can send my ideas straight to directors and producers. _____8______- there are some fantastic sites around now. Interviewer: Who uses the computer at home? Interviewee: The kids use the computer all the time at home._____9_____ - and on topof that they're always texting on their mobile phones! They play computergames when they think I or their father aren't looking! They don't likedoing homework, of course, but there are some really good revision siteson the Internet. _____10_____- 15 minutes for a whole supermarket"visit"! That feels really good.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.三、Part ⅡVocabulary (10(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Now and in the future, we will live as free people, not in fear and never at the mercy of any foreign powers. （分数：1.00）A.in the interest ofB.under the control ofC.for the sake ofD.at the cost of2.Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends how aggressivelyproducers market it . （分数：1.00）A.vigorouslyB.effectivelyC.efficientlyD.rigorously3.Many New England communities do not permit the construction of a “modernist” building, lest it alter their overall architectural integrity. （分数：1.00）A.in case thatB.in spite thatC.for fear thatD.in order that4.Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality .（分数：1.00）A.imaginationB.impressionC.presentationD.expression5.Television commercial have been under constant scrutiny for the last few years. （分数：1.00）A.pressureB.reflectionC.examinationD.attack6.The mayor has spent ahandsome amount of time in his last tern working to bring down the tax rate .（分数：1.00）A.sufficientB.plentyC.considerableD.moderate7.His poor performance maybe attributed to the lack of motivation. （分数：1.00）A.caused byB.focused onC.taken forD.viewed as8.The new cut in interest rate is meant to promote domestic investment.（分数：1.00）A.encourageB.obtainC.publicizeD.advertise9.Conditions for the growth of this plant areoptimum in early summer. （分数：1.00）A.most acceptableB.most expressiveC.most favoriteD.most desirable10.She often says her greatest happinessconsists in helping the disadvantaged children. （分数：1.00）A.is proportionate toB.is composed ofC.lies inD.relies on四、Part III Reading (总题数：4，分数：20.00)Passage One Of all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans aren’t so good at money-management. We take out home loans we can't afford.We run up sky-high credit-card debt. We don't save nearly enough forretirement. In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewed enthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are adding money-management courses to their curriculums . The Treasury and Education departments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March. Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates -but chances for long-term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidence that traditional effortsto boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom.Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how well students learn about things such asbudgeting, credit cards, insurance and investments. A recent survey of college studentsconducted for the JumpStart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy found thatstudents who'd had a personal-finance or money-management course in high schoolscored no better than those who hadn't. "We need to figure out how to do this the right way,"says Lewis Mandell, a professor at the University of Washington who after 15 years of studyingfinancial-literacy programs has come to the conclusion that current methods don't work.Agrowing number of researchers and educators agree that a more radical approach isneeded. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, puttingreal money and spending decisions into kids' hands and talking openly about theemotions and social influences tied to how we spend . Other initiatives are tacking such real-world issues as the commercial andsocial pressures that affect purchasing decisions.Why exactly do you want those expensive brand-name shoes so badly? "It takes confidence to take a stand and to thinkdifferently," saysJerooBillimoria ,founder of Aflatoun,a nonprofit whose curriculum, used in more than 30 countries ,aims to help kids get a leg up in their financial lives .”“This goes beyond money and savings"（分数：5.00）(1).The financial-literacy education is intended to________. （分数：1.00）A.help Americans to overcome the financial crisisB.enable Americans to manage money wiselyC.increase Americans' awareness of the financial crisisD.renew Americans' enthusiasm about money-management(2).According to the author, the National Financial Capability Challenge will be_______. （分数：1.00）A.well-receivedB.costlyC.rewardingD.ineffective(3).Bysaying that "the financial-literacy movement has gained steam"(Para .3) ,theauthor means that the movement______. （分数：1.00）A.has gone through financial difficultiesB.has received much criticismC.has been regarded as imaginativeD.has been more and more popular(4).Lewis Mandell suggests that we should figure out how to ________. （分数：1.00）A.help students scorebetter in money-management coursesB.improve the social awareness of financial educationC.carry out financial-literacy education properlyD.manage money in a more efficient way(5).Jeroo Billimoria is most likely to agree thatcommercial and social pressures makeone's purchasing decisions________. （分数：1.00）A.difficultB.feasibleC.unwiseD.acceptablePassage Two Cheating is nothing new,But today,educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent -and are less likely to be punished - than in the past . Cheating appears to have gainedacceptance among good and poor students alike . Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows .Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today's youth. Others have attributedincreased cheating to the fact that today's youth are far more pragmatic（实用主义的）than their more idealistic predecessors.Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies，students were filled with visions about changing the world，today’s students feel greatpressure to conform and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools andcolleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had becomeeasy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty."People are competitive," said a second-yearcollege studentnamed Anna, fromChicago. There's an underlying fear. If you don't do well, your life is going to be ruined.The pressure is not only form parents and friends but from oneself .To achieve .To succeed .It’s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals, Edward Wynne , a magazine editor ,blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action .Dwight Huber ,chairman of the English department at Amarillo .sees the matterdifferently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. "I wouldcheat if I felt I was being cheated," Mr. Huber said. He feels that as long as teachers gives short-answer testsrather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can put information together,students will try to beat the system. "The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong withthe individual who are doing it," he said. "That's too easy an answer. We've got to start looking at the system." （分数：5.00）(1).Educators are finding that students who cheat_______. （分数：1.00）A.are not only those academically weakB.tend to be dishonest in later yearsC.are more likely to be punished than beforeD.have poor academic records(2).According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? （分数：1.00）A.Reform in the testing system will eliminate cheating.B.Punishment is an effective method to stop cheating .C.Students' cheating has deep social roots.D.Students do not cheat on essay tests.(3).Which of the following points of view would Mr. Huberagree with ? （分数：1.00）A.Cheating would be reduced through an educational reform.B.Students who cheat should be expelled from school.C.Punishment for cheaters should be severe in this country.D.Parents must take responsibility for the rise in cheating.(4).The expression "the individuals" (the last paragraph) refers to ________ （分数：1.00）A.school administratorsB.students who cheatC.parentsD.teachers(5).The passage mainly discusses_______ （分数：1.00）A.ways to eliminate academic dishonestyB.factors leading to academic dishonestyC.the decline of moral standards of today's youthD.people's tolerance of students' cheatingPassage Three Last week, I read a story about a 34-year-old British woman who is extremely afraid of metal forks. She's been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a plate g:ives her a panic attack. Strange, right? But she's not alone. While popular phobias(恐惧症) about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous. While some phobias might seem a bit silly, they can cause serious emotional distress. My co-worker Magda is terrified of pigeons, a phobia that is taking over her life. She won't walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these "rats with wings" finds its way onto the platform. Another friend isdisgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it. So where does anirrational fear of cheese come from? Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusualanxieties over time? Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightenedof elevators. Therewas no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces, but something about elevators makes me nervous. And so, when my boyfriend and I found ourselvestrapped in an elevator last year - because these sorts of things always happen eventually- I was anticipating the worst. While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we "take advantage ofthe situation," I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the wholefacing my worst nightmare thing. However, after the fear subsided(消退)I realized that, yes, this was my greatest fear come true, and yet - it wasn't all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, butterrifying? Not so much. Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process,but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on. （分数：5.00）(1).The 34-year-old British woman is extremelyafraid of metal forks because （分数：1.00）A.she has never used them beforeB.she has been injured by them beforeC.she couldn't bear their sound on plateD.she is afraid that they may hurt her(2).The phrase "rats with wings" (Para. 3) refers to______（分数：1.00）A.strange birdsB.pigeonsC.devilsD.exotic rats(3).The author's fear of elevators is the result of_______ （分数：1.00）A.her phobia for no reasonB.her nervousness of being aloneC.her dislike of being in closed spacesD.her terrible experience(4).After the fear subsided, the author realized that______ （分数：1.00）A.her boyfriend's help was importantB.she could have had a good time with her boyfriendC.an elevator ride could be excitingD.it was not as horrible as she had thought(5).The purpose for the author to share her experience is to_______ （分数：1.00）A.illustrate conquering a fear can be difficultB.encourage people to overcome their fearsC.introduce what strange fears people haveD.explain why people have strange fearsPassage Four The American public's obsession with dieting has led to one of the most dangeroushealth misconceptions of all times. Many television ads, movies, magazine articles, anddiet-food product labels would have consumers believe that carbohydrates (碳水化合物) are bad for the human body and that those who eat them will quickly becomeoverweight. We are advised to avoid foods such as potatoes, rice and white bread andopt for meats and vegetables instead. Some companies promote this idea to encourageconsumers to buy their "carb-free" food products. But the truth is, the human bodyneeds carbohydrates to function properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but isexhausted of thisdietary element is not in good shape after all. Most foods that we consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice are loaded withcarbohydrates. Contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates have many health benefitssome fight diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and others help toprevent cancer and stroke. Cutting these foods out of your diet may deprive your bodyof the many health benefits of carbohydrates. One of the best benefits of carbohydrates is their ability to help to maintain the health of our organs, tissues, and cells. Scientific studies have shown that one type of carbohydrate called fiberreduces the risk of heart disease. Carbohydrates also contain antioxidants (抗氧化剂) , which protect the body's cells from harmful particles with thepotential to cause cancer. This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely ofcarbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthybodies. But carbohydrates certainly should not be avoided altogether. In fact, the foodpyramid, the recommended basis of a healthy diet, shows that a person should consumesix to eleven servings of breads and grains, as well as three to four servings each offruits and vegetables - all carbohydrate-containing foods. It is easy to see why cuttingcarbohydrates out of a person's diet is not a good idea. The only way to know what is truly healthy for your own body is to talk to a nutritionist or dietician, who can help you choose foods that are right for you as well asguide you toward a proper exercise program forweight loss, or muscle gain. Theseprofessionals will never tell you to cut out carbohydrates entirely! The bottom line:listen to the experts, not the advertisers! （分数：5.00）(1).As is used in Paragraph l, the word "exhausted" most possibly means______（分数：1.00）A.derivedB.deprivedC.startledD.starving(2).According to the author, advertisers who sell “carb-free” products_______ （分数：1.00）A.offer healthy optionsB.are responsible for obesityC.are not telling the truthD.value consumers' well-being(3).Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of carbohydrates? （分数：1.00）A.Prevention of fiber reduction.B.Prevention of heart disease.C.Prevention of stroke.D.Prevention of cancer.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that a healthy diet . （分数：1.00）A.needs enough proteins but no fat for us to maintain energyB.is balanced between carbohydrates, and proteins and fatsC.is low in carbohydrates and high in proteins and fatsD.contains equal amounts of carbohydrates and proteins(5).The main purpose of the passage is to （分数：1.00）A.promote more physical exerciseB.advocate a healthy dietC.describe the variety of carbohydratesD.explain how to live a healthy life五、Directions: In this (总题数：1，分数：5.00)One of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children's education: meeting with teachers, volunteering atschoolhelping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few workingparents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that fewparents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort. Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of howparental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L.Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn’t. The researcherscombed through nearly three decades' worth of surveys of American parents and tracked63 different measures of parental participation in kids' academic lives, from helpingthem with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexedthesemeasures to children's academic performance, including test scores in reading and math. What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire(适得其反) -regardless of a parent's race, class, or level of education. Do you review your daughter's homework every night? Robinson and Harris's data show that this won’t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school. While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find ahandful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids (fewerthan half of whom are read to daily) and talking with teenagers about college plans. Butthese interventions don't take place at school or in the presence of teachers, wherepolicymakers have the most influence - they take place at home. Comment 1: Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids. Persistent parentalinvolvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents wantconsciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parentssooner than otherwise. Comment 2: It also depends on the kid. Emotional and social maturityhave a lot to do withsuccess in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by highschool, but that doesn't mean they are ready for college or the work place. Comment 3: The article doesn't clearly define "helping," but I understood it as actually assistingchildren in the exercises (e.g. helping them to solve a math problem) and/or reviewingtheir work for accuracy rather than simply making sure they've completed their work. Ithink the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no studywould discourage parents from monitoring their children's performance!（分数：5.00）(1).The word "they" (Para. l) refers to . （分数：1.00）A.studiesB.principlesC.valuesD.obligations(2).What is the main conclusion of the Robinson and Harris’s study? （分数：1.00）A.The kids of more-involved parents improve over time.B.Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children.C.Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.D.Schools should communicate with parents regularly.(3).Comment1 suggests that （分数：1.00）A.parents should leave their children aloneB.kids should be kids after allC.parents may influence children's thinkingD.persistent parental involvement is a must(4).The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree that（分数：1.00）A.high intelligence does not guarantee successB.getting ready for college is an emotional processC.social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in lifeD.high school is often boring in the U.S.(5).Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper? （分数：1.00）A.Reviewing kids' homework for accuracy.B.Monitoring kids' class performance.C.Assisting kids in their exercises.D.Making sure kids have finished their work六、Part IV Cloze (10 po(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ironically, a study finds that we’re awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate.We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive,expensive,and sentimental. We imagine the look of happinessand surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel.47 .But there’s something thatthe most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about:48 the gift is practical in the first place. 49 , practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things50great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. Theycommunicate that the giver cares. But do the receivers care? Often,no. "Gift receivers would be 51 ifgivers gave them exactly what they requested 52 . attemptingto be'thoughtful and considerate' by buying gifts they did not explicitly request" to surprisethem, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the cost of a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the 54 of the coffee maker).Across several experiments, theyfind that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers55 favor gifts based on feasibility . （分数：10.00）A.to openB.openingC.have openedD.openedA.in personB.in turnC.in placeD.in returnA.WhetherB.WhenC.WhyD.HowA.To be sureB.To sum upC.In many waysD.In many casesA.work outB.lead toC.make forD.take upA.happierB.more surprisedC.happyD.surprisedA.regardless ofB.rather thanC.as toD.but forA.decideB.classifyC.selectD.measureA.lookB.qualityC.neverthelessD.easeA.unexpectedlyB.whereasC.neverthelessD.continuously七、Part V Text Comple(总题数：3，分数：20.00)Text One A. accelerate B. otherwise C. between D.imitate Phrases: A. would be difficult to 56 B. from 57 its feathers C. enabling the bird to 58 D. it 59 could The emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate thebird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times fasterthan60How? Marine biologists have suggested that it does so byreleasing tiny air bubbles 61 .As these bubbles are released, the reduce friction on the surface of the penguin's wings, 62 . Interestingly, engineers have been studying ways to make ships go faster byusing bubbles to reduce friction against their hulls (船身 ) . However, researchersacknowledge that further investigation is challenging because "the complexity ofpenguin’s wings 63 （分数：8.00）A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.Text Two A. beyond B. as well as C. sending Phrases: A. 64 the wages of average families B.65 young people to college C. 66 the reach ofmostAmericans A research group in Californiahas released a "national report cardon highereducation." The report says the price of college has increased more than four hundred percent since 1982. Costs have climbed much faster than other prices - 67 ．Thegroup warns that a continuation of these trends would put higher education 68 .And it would mean greater debt for those who do go to college. The reportalso expresses concern that the United States is losing its leadership in 69 . （分数：6.00）A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.Text Three A. so B. hire them C. watching TV Phrases: A. and understandably 70 B. that could be spent 71 C. that the companies that72 want money Children are a special target of advertisers, 73 . Young people are shopping and spending more than ever before. Researchers suggest that children who are highly involved in consumer culture are more prone to childhood depression and anxiety and have worse relationships with their parents. They said: "You cannot totally protect your kids from advertising because it is everywhere. So you can explain to your kids that advertisers have an agenda and 74 . They don't have our best interests in mind." They also suggest that family should watch very little television. You can fill the time 75 with other activities, such as reading and playing games together.（分数：6.00）A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.A.B.C.。

2014江苏成人学位英语阅读真题及答案

2014年江苏成人学位英语阅读真题及答案Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage:Spending 50 minutes with a cell phone close to your ear is enough to change brain cell activity in the part of the brain closest to the antenna(天线).But whether that causes any harm is not clear, scientists at the National Institute of Health said at a conference last month, adding that the study will not likely settle concerns of a link between cell phones and brain cancer.“What we showed is glucose(葡萄糖)metabolism(代谢)(a sign of brain activity)increases in the brain in people who were exposed to a cell phone in the area closest to the antenna，"said Dr.Nora Volkow of the NIH，whose study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.(76) The study was meant to examine how the brain reacts to electromagnetic fields caused by wireless phone signals.Volkow said she was surprised that the weak electromagnetic radiation(电磁辐射)from cell phones could affect brain activity, but she said the findings do not shed any light on whether cell phones cause cancer.“This study does not in any way indicate that.What the study does is to show the human brain is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation from cell phone exposures.”Use of the devices has increased dramatically since they were introduced in the early l980s，with about 5 billion cell phones now in use worldwide.Some studies have linked cell phone exposure to an increased risk of brain cancers.but a large study by the World Health Organization did not offer a clear answer to this.Volkow’s team studied 47 people who had their brain examined while a cell phone was turned on for 50 minutes and another while the phone was turned off. While there was no complete change in brain metabolism, they found a 7 percent increase in brain metabolism in the region closest to the cell phone antenna when the phone was on.(77)Experts said the results were interesting, but urged that they be understood with great care. “Although the biological significance，if any, of increased glucose metabolism from too much cell phone exposure is unknown，the results require further investigation,” Henry Lai of the University of Washington in the U.S.and Dr.Lennart Hardell of University Hospital in Sweden，wrote in an article in JAMA.“Much has to be done to further investigate and understand these effects.”they wrote.1.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A.Cell phone use is dangerous。

2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解一

2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解一Passage 1In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant, and then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc.Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门).Today McDonald's is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decadessince the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $ 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.1. This passage mainly talks about .A) the development of fast food servicesB) how McDonald's became a billion-dollar businessC) the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonaldD) Ray Kroc's business talent2. Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except .A) a drive-inB) a cinemaC) a theaterD) a barbecue restaurant3. We may infer from this passage that .A)Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to KrocB)The location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-inC)Forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurantsD) Ray Kroc was a good businessman4. The passage suggests that .A) creativity is an important element of business successB) Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothersC) Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray KrocD) California is the best place to go into business5. As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph, the worduniquemeans .A)specialB)financialC )attractiveD)peculiarPassage2You're busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let's assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say theydeal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of aboutone per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicants lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors(骗子); another refers to them asspecial cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made byno such people.To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they attended or were associated with a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may bethat being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century-that's when they began keeping records, anyhow.If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony(假的)diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of non-existent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University.The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.6. The main idea of this passage is that .A) employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB) lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC) college degrees can now be purchased easilyD) employers are no longer interested in college degrees7. According to the passage, special cases refer to cases where .A) students attend a school only part-timeB) students never attended a school they listed on their applicationC) students purchase false degrees from commercial filmsD) students attended a famous school8. We can infer from the passage that .A) performance is a better judge of ability that a college degreeB) experience is the best teacherC) past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD) a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job petition9. This passage implies that .A) buying a false degree is not moralB)personnel officers only consider applicants from famousschoolsC)most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD)society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications10. As used in the first line of the second paragraph, the word utter means .A)addressB)thoroughC)ultimate。

在职硕士学位入学资格考试GCT英语真题2014年_真题-无答案

在职硕士学位入学资格考试GCT英语真题2014年(总分100,考试时间45分钟)Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that **pletes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Bats are long-lived creatures, _____a life-expectancy of around 20years.A. Asome haveB. some havingC. some of them haveD. some of which having2. This instrument, _____and operating next year, will consist of threetelescopes.A. completedB. completingC. to completeD. to be completed3. We interviewed ten _____but did not find anyone suitable.A. companionsB. opponentsC. candidatesD. partners4. The radical policy was rejected _____a more cautious one.A. in honor ofB. in time ofC. in spite ofD. in favor of5. We all questioned _____accurate the result was.A. howeverB. whyC. howD. what6. I need new-heels on these shoes, the present ones are_____.A. worn downB. knocked downC. kept downD. taken down7. I can’t tell you how _____ I am to you for having listened to me.A. helpfulB. faithfulC. gratefulD. useful8. The customs officer _____ him open his three suitcases.A. forcedB. madeC. askedD. urged9. She lost her balance and _____if she hadn’t supported herself.A. would have fallenB. had fallenC. fellD. would fall10. It wouldn’t do you any _____ to work a bit harder.A. injuryB. harmC. woundD. hurtPart Two Reading ComprehensionDirection:In this part there are three passages and one chart, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. Whatcan be said as an overview of the chart?A. The aged population will continue to grow.B. There has been little population change over decades.C. The growth rate of aged people is slowing down.D. MostAmericans can live longer in 2020 than today.12. Whatwas true of the situation in 2000?A. The number of people aged 65-74 had grown.B. The number of people aged 75-84 had increased.C. The total number of aged people had dropped.D. The total number of aged people remained unchanged.13. From 1980 to 2010, which age group had the highest growth rate?A. Age under 65B. Age 65-74C. Age 75-84D. Age over 8514. Whatwas the total aged population in 2010?A. 45 millionB. 33 millionC. 40millionD. 30 million15. Which decade sees the sharpest increase in population between 65-74?A. 2010sB. 1990sC. 2000sD. 1980sQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage: A cup of tea is almost a symbol of British culture. As a nation, we are well known for our strong liking for this particular hot drink, especially if it is accompanied by some cake or biscuits. Here are some facts about tea drinking habits in the UK: There is no real tea time All around the world, everyone thinks that British people drink tea every day at 5 o’clock in the afternoon. In reality, we drink tea at everyhour of the day, from the minut e we get up to the last thing before going to bed. Of course it’s quite likely that a British person will drink tea around the middle of the afternoon, but it’s **mon to drink it with breakfast. The perfect partner: scones Scones are a simple kind of cake, slightly sweet and usually served with jam and cream. They are excellent with tea. In fact, if you order a “cream tea” in the UK, you’ll get a teapot accompanied by a plateful of these little treats, Delicious! Milkin tea British people nearly always put milk in their tea. This seems strange to people from other European countries, who would rather drink their tea without adding anything to it. In British, people add a certain quantity of milk depending on taste and the tea ends up being opaque(不透明) and brown instead of clear. People are always shocked when I say that I prefer coffee to tea. The really is part of our cultural identity, whether we like it or not!16. According to the passage, British people are well known for_____.A. their unique cake and biscuitsB. their particular drinking habitsC. their passion for teaD. the love of their own culture17. People tend to believe that British tea time is _____.A. at any time of the dayB. before going to bedC. late in the afternoonD. at breakfast time18. A typical “cream tea ”in the UK_____.A. usually goes with sconesB. is a special kind of cakeC. is a slightly sweet drinkD. includes a teapot as a gift19. According to the passage, people from other European countries_____.A. prefer cream tea to coffeeB. take tea as their cultural identityC. like to add milk to their teaD. seldom add anything to their tea20. Whatis this passage mainly about?A. British tea timeB. British tea historyC. British eating habitsD. British tea cultureQuestions 21-25 are based on following passage: Many people start relationships because of loneliness. Loneliness and being alone are not synonymous . loneliness is a state of painful isolation,of feeling cut off from friends and family. Being alone, a state of solitude(独处), can be quite desirable most of the time, since it allows us to work, study, live, or reflect on the world around us. Solitude is usually a matter of choice; loneliness is not. Lonely people tend to spend a lot of time by themselves, eat dinner alone, spend weekends alone, and participate in few if any social activities. They are unlikely to date. Some lonely people report having many friends,but a closer look suggests that these “friendships” are shallow. Lonely people a re unlikely to share confidences. Loneliness tends to peak during adolescence(青春期). This is when mostyoung people begin to replace family ties with peer relationships. Loneliness is quite often connected with feelings of depression and with a feeling of b eing “sick at heart”. Loneliness is even reported among some married people. In one of the recent studies, lonely wives tended to feel less liking and love for their partners and expressed less satisfaction with their married life. Lonely husbands reported less liking for their wives and less intimacy in their relationships.21. The topic of the first paragraph is _____.A. how to begin relationshipsB. intentional choice of staying aloneC. isolation and painD. solitude and loneliness22. The word ”synonymous” (Para.1) is closest in meaning to _____.A. unknownB. differentC. relevantD. similar23. Whichof the following is discussed in Paragraph 2?A. How lonely people usually behave.B. what lonely people want in general.C. why lonely people often feel depressed.D. How loneliness usually gets started.24. According to Paragraph2, adolescence is a period in life when_____.A. young people break their family tiesB. most teenagers feel lonely and depressedC. teenagers begin to form a closer tie with peersD. young people become less disciplined25. According to a recent study, loneliness_____.A. brings a closer family relationshipB. brings unpleasant effects to marriageC. is often found among adultsD. is a matter of personal choiceQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage: Now, our biggest summertime question has been answered: Why do people look so much better in sunglasses? Vanessa Brown, a senior lecturer of art and design at Nortingham University, gave an inside look into the connection between shades and sex appeal. According to Brown, sunglasses do a wide variety of positive things. They make up for any asymmetries(不对称)，which relates directly to research proving that symmetrical faces are the most attractive ones. If you put on a pair of sunglasses, the lenses will instantly create a perfectly symmetrical face. Sunglasses also create the appearance of a defined bone structure on top of a relatively softer face. Additionally, people often form quick judgments about others by looking into their eyes. Through eye contact ,we can determine someone’s confidence, sincerity and intelligence. If those eyes are shielded, though, a person is automatically unreadable. We take them for granted today, but sunglasses are a relatively modern everyday accessory(饰件). Sales started to pick up in the 1920s, but they didn’t **monplace until about two decades after that. In their early days, sunglasses were primarily used during risking water and snow sports, and were also associated with new technologies like airplanes travel, which made them seem “daring and thoroughly modern.” Later, Hollywood stars of the 1950s and 60s started wearing sunglasses to defend themselves form being recognizedby the public or harassed by paparazii(狗子队). Movie stars’adoption the accessory strengthened the link between sunglasses and appeal.26. Sunglasses make us look appealing by ______.A. improving our facial appearanceB. Protecting our eyesC. covering our tirednessD. creating a softer face27. According to Paragraph 3, people in sunglasses would look _____.A. confidentB. proudC. mysteriousD. smart28. Sunglasses began to be popular in the _______.A. 1960sB. 1960sC. 1960sD. 1960s29. The example of sportsmen shows that ________.A. sunglasses protect people from harassmentB. sunglasses create a desirable imageC. the public are eager to following themD. they over-emphasize the role of sunglasses30. The passage is mainly written to _______.A. demonstrate how to make better use of sunglassesB. explain why sunglasses improve appearanceC. describe the evolution of sunglassesD. introduce the major functions of sunglassesPart Three ClozeImagine a product that can be used as medicine, a cleaning agent and a beauty treatment. You can eat it, drink its juice, and _31__ essential oil from it .it is available all over the world, and is inexpensive .You may even have one in your kitchen__32__ Whatis it? The lemon! It is thought that lemons__33_ in Southeast Asia. From___34_ they were gradually carried west and toward the Mediernean. Lemon trees thrive in mild _35_,which is why they grow so well in places like Italy, Mexico, Spain, and even parts of African and Asia. A mature tree, depending on the variety and location, can produce36__ from 200 to 1500 lemons a yea. The cultivated(培养的) varieties _37__ in different periods ,making it possible to harvest lemons all year round. You don’t need lots of space to grow a lemon tree. Even a sunny balcony(阳台) enough, __38__ small lemon trees can be grown in pots and can make your house beautiful. They like sunny, wind-free spots where they can soak up the warmth,_39 against a wall. However, if the temperature drops a lot during the winter, they need to be __40_ or brought indoors.31.A. exchangeB. obtainC. examineD. occupy32.A. just nowB. in timeC. on timeD. right now33.A. emergedB. rootedC. originatedD. appeared34.A. thereB. thenC. whichD. where35.A. climateB. weatherC. soilD. land36.A. nowhereB. everywhereC. elsewhereD. anywhere37.A. plantB. sowC. bloomD. harvest38.A. thoughB. asC. whileD. when39.A. probablyB. literallyC. likelyD. preferably40.A. closedB. coveredC. packedD. buriedPart Four Dialogue Completion41. A: I can’t believe it’s so hot. I think I’m dying from the heat. It’s not even noon yet.B: __________________A. What will happen then?B. Willyou please turn on the air conditioner?C. That means it will get even hotter?D. I’m sure I will die from it.42. A: Wehave to say bye now. I wish you a pleasant journey.B: _________________A. The same hereB. Thanks. Take careC. You can count on meD. Yes, you said it43. A:Abutton came off my shirt and was lost.B: **e with an extra button.A: You’re right. ______________A. Let’s see if it has one.B. I’ll sew it on.C. Forget it!D. That’s a good idea.44. A: I ordered a book from you last Saturday. It hasn’t arrived yet.B: Please tell me the serial number on your order sheet._________.A. I’ll run a check for youB. I promiseC. Trust meD. You won’t regret it45. A: Well,you told me to soak it in hot water.B: _______I told you to dip it in warm water.A. That’s true.B. No, I didn’t.C. You did, you know.D. That’s what I said !46. A: Excuse me, sir, but could I ask you a quick question?B: ______________A. Give me a break.B. Take it easy.C. Yes, you are so kind.D. Sure. Whatis it?47. A: Something must be wrong with my computer. All I get is a black screen.B: Willyou lose all your files?A: _______________A. I’ll do my bestB. I won’t let it goC. No, I always back up my filesD. It sure is, but I’ll call the service48. A: You seem to be having some problems.B:_______I’ll manage.A. I’m afraid not.B. Are you sure?C. Is it so?D. It’s all right.49. A: It must feel great to be almost finished with school. At least youcan see the light at the end of the tunnel.B: _______________A. That’s not sayi ng much.B. You can say it again.C. Who can tell?D. That goes without saying.50. A: I don’t know what we’d have done if you hadn’t come along.B: _____________.It was the least I could do.A. It works wellB. I’m not sureC. Don’t mention itD. It’s very good。

2014年考研英语一阅读答案详解

46. 这也是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。

【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason，why引导定语从句，修饰the reason。

定语从句的主干是all we can do is articulate our reactions and not grasp music itself，其表语是不定式短语，由于主语中含有do，不定式符号to省略：articulate our reactions and not grasp music itself。

our reactions之后to it为其定语，it指代music。

定语从句中还包含when引导的时间状语从句。

【翻译要点】①本句主干的主句是主系表结构，reason后why引导的定语从句较长，翻译时可以与主干部分结合，调整表达为：这也就是为什么….。

②定语从句中，when引导时间状语从句，其中with words做状语，翻译时需调整语序到其修饰的to describe之前，可以表达为“当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时”。

定语从句的主干顺译即可，其中reaction根据语境，可以翻译为“感受”，其定语to it在表达时前置，it指代还原为“音乐”，则可以翻译为“所有我们能做的，就是明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”，或者调整表达为“我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”。

and之后，grasp 依据语境，需要翻译为“理解”47. 人们普遍认为，他(贝多芬)是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键，更不必说是演出其作品的关键。

【句型分析】本句为并列句。

第一个分句he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one，句首by all accounts为固定搭配，意思是“根据各方面说”。

第二个分句的主干为I find courage an essential quality，其中宾语为courage，而an essential quality是宾语补足语。

2014年考研英语一阅读新题型真题解析

2014年的考研英语考试本⾝，在各种争议中，于2014年1⽉4⽇下午17:00，被永久地封存在了"历史"中。

但是对于参加这次考试的考⽣们，过程还没有结束，⼤家除了次⽇的专业课，还在等待两个⽉左右时间之后的分数。

从明天下午开始，希望⼤家不论考得如何，彻底放松⼼情，享受寒假⽣活吧! 2014年考研英语的阅读Part B部分(以下简称"新题型")，英语⼀和我的预测⼀致，考查了排序这种让不少考⽣头疼的题型。

但是⽤我教授的⽅法，"保六争⼋"毫⽆压⼒;⽽英语⼆则考查了相对简单的匹配题型。

⽤我教授的⽅法，基本上可以做到"保8争10"。

本⽂将结合我在⾯授课程和视频课程中对于新题型项⽬的教学内容，对2014年的考研英语⼀新题型进⾏详细的分析。

⾸先来简要回顾⼀下我们在课堂上不断提及的排序题做题步骤：⼀、分析题⽬，根据已知信息的数量和位置，确定做题思路和步骤⼆、如果41题是空着的，⾸先根据各个备选段落⾸句信息，尝试判断⽂章⾸段三、在⾸段判断完成后，看各个段落的⾸句开头是否有逻辑关系词出现，并且和已知段落是否能够构成顺序关系四、寻找段落⾸句中的代词，根据代词的知识点来解题五、根据段落⾸末句中的相关信息词来解题六、最后剩余的题⽬使⽤句义理解来解题按照做排序题的顺序，⾸先确定已知信息的位置，并且根据已知信息来判断其前后的内容。

2014年英语⼀新题型给定的已知信息是A和E，所在位置为：A在41题和42题之间;E在42题和43题之间。

并且，由于排序题⼀共只有7个选项，已经给定2个，只剩5个选项了。

⽽题⽬从41-45题⼀共5题。

这就意味着，BCDFG每个选项都有固定的位置，只要你摆错⼀个选项的位置，就⼀定会产⽣连环性的错误。

⽽反过来说，在不算作弊的情况下，5道题⽬全部选择⼀个选项，必然会对⼀个。

这些推理都是我在课堂上⾯给⼤家说过的。

2014年在职申硕(同等申硕)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2014年在职申硕（同等申硕）英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.根据以上文章写一篇读后感；2.你如何看待小刘的成功之道；3.关于成功你有什么经验和建议?正确答案： A Way to Success As Lu Xun, the prominent artist says like this, “Path is shown up only when thousands of people walk through. “The story above of Mr. Liu’s way to success demonstrates this point. The key of his success lies in the fact that he dares to take the risk of trying something new. With the willing to face new environment and challenges, Mr. Liu could adapt to changes and seize every opportunity to achieve success. Actually, there are hundreds of ways to be successful. All in all, the essence, without which success could not have existed, includes the following aspect. The most important thing is the perseverance. Just because of this, Mr. Liu could have enough experience, money and power to start his own business. Secondly, success is based on opportunity, which results from excellent vision, rather than doing those seemingly safe things but without effects instead. Finally, the courage to take risks is very important. It holds increasingly significant portion in the success, especially in today’s business surroundings. Therefore, it may not be easy, but to be successful is more than a dream. With right attitude and effective approaches, it will eventually come true.。

2014江苏成人学位英语阅读真题及答案

2014年江苏成人学位英语阅读真题及答案Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed bysome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A, B, C a nd D. You s hould decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage:Spending 50 minutes with a cell phone close to your ear is enough to change brain cell activity in the part of the brain closest to the antenna(天线).But whether that causes any harm is not clear, scientists at the National Institute of Health saidat a conference last month, adding that the study will not likely settle concernsof a link between cell phones and brain cancer.“What we showed is glucose(葡萄糖)metabolism(代谢)(a sign of brain activity)increases in the brain in people whowere exposed to a cell phone in the area closest to the antenna，"said Dr.Nora Volkow of the NIH，whose study was published in the Journal of the American MedicalAssociation.(76) The study was meant to examine how the brain reacts toelectromagnetic fields caused by wireless phone signals.Volkow said she was surprised that the weak electromagnetic radiation(电磁辐射)from cell phones could affect brain activity, but she said the findings do notshed any light on whether cell phones cause cancer.“This study does not in any way indicate that.What the study does is to show the human brain is sensitive toelectromagnetic radiation from cell phone exposures.”Use o f the devices has increased dramatically since they were introduced in the early l980s，with about 5 billion cell phones now in use worldwide.Some studies have linked cell phone exposure to an increased risk of braincancers.but a large study by the World Health Organization did not offer a clear answer to this.Volkow’s team studied 47 people who had their brain examined while a cellphone was turned on for 50 minutes and another while the phone was turned off. While there was no complete change in brain metabolism, they found a 7 percent increasein brain metabolism in the region closest to the cell phone antenna when the phonewas on.(77)Experts said the results were interesting, but urged that they beunderstood with great care. “Although the biological significance，if any, of increased glucose metabolism from too much c ell phone exposure is unknown，the results require further investigation,” Henry Lai of the University of Washington in theU.S.and Dr.Lennart Hardell of University Hospital in Sweden，wrote in an article in JAMA.“Much has to be done to further investigate and understand these effects.”they wrote.1.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A.Cell phone use is dangerous。

在职攻读硕士联考英语-14_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

在职攻读硕士联考英语-14(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Dialogue CommunicationSection A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue.1.Speaker A: I'd like to exchange these jeans please.Speaker B: ______ SSS_SINGLE_SELA What's wrong? Are they the wrong size?B But how can you prove that you have bought them here?C I'm afraid it's not our policy to exchange goods once they are sold out.D Sorry, I don't like to exchange my jeans with yours.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A由A方的话“我想换这条牛仔裤”可知，这一对话发生在商店，B方是售货员。

A项的两个问题与这一特定的对话情景相符合，是正确答案。

B、C两项显得很不礼貌，D项不符合这一对话场合。

2.Speaker A: Excuse me, Mr. Brown, but can I speak to you for a moment?Speaker B: ______SSS_SINGLE_SELA Sorry, what would you like to speak to me about?B Well, I'm afraid we have to find some other time. I'm fully occupied now.C Yes, can you wait until the meeting is over?D It's a pleasure. Will you sit down?该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BA方请求与B方说话，B方婉转地拒绝了这一请求，并说明了原因，符合英语交际的惯例。

2014考研英语真题英语一阅读部分

Text 1①In order to “change lives for the better”and reduce “dependency,”George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search”scheme. ②Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit —and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. ③What could be more reasonable?①More apparent reasonableness followed. ②There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. ③“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,”he claimed.④“We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.”⑤Help? ⑥Really? ⑦On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms”to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. ⑧What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.①Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. ②It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. ③You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. ④Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. ⑤Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.①But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent dependency if you can get it —supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. ②It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. ③The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. ④Even the very phrase “jobseeker's allowance”is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker”who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. ⑤Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,”conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21.George Osborne's scheme was intended to__________.[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits[B] encourage jobseekers' active engagement in job seeking[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily[D] guarantee jobseekers' legitimate right to benefits22.The phrase “to sign on”（Line 2, Para. 2）most probably means__________.[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre[B] to accept the government's restrictions on the allowance[C] to register for an allowance from the government[D] to attend a governmental job-training program23.What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all.[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel__________.[A] uneasy[B] enraged[C] insulted[D] guilty25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers' laziness.[B] Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C] The jobseekers' allowance has met their actual needs.[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2①All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession —with the possible exception of journalism. ②But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.①During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. ②The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. ③But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. ④Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.①There are many reasons for this. ②One is the excessive costs of a legal education. ③There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subjects, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. ④This leaves today's average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. ⑤Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.①Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. ②Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. ③One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. ④Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. ⑤If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. ⑥Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.①The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.②Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. ③This keeps fees high and innovation slow. ④There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.①In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency. ②After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. ③America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to__________.[A] the growing demand from clients[B] the increasing pressure of inflation[C] the prospect of working in big firms[D] the attraction of financial rewards27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major.[D] Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from__________.[A] lawyers' and clients' strong resistance[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers[D] non-professionals' sharp criticism29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it__________.[A] bans outsiders' involvement in the profession[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits30.In this text, the author mainly discusses__________.[A] flawed ownership of America's law firms and its causes[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America[C] a problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America's legal educationText 3①The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year's award in March. ②And it is far from the only one of its type. ③As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. ④Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. ⑤These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.①What's not to like? ②Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. ③You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. ④The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. ⑤They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. ⑥They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. ⑦They do not fund peer-reviewed research. ⑧They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.①The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. ②Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.①As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes —both new and old —are distributed. ②The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. ③But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research —as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. ④The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. ⑤Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.①As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. ②First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. ③Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. ④It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism —that is the culture of research, after all —but it is the prize-givers' money to do with as they please. ⑤It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as__________.[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C] an example of bankers' investment[D] a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit__________.[A] the profit-oriented scientists[B] the founders of the new awards[C] the achievement-based system[D] peer-review-led research33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves__________.[A] controversies over the recipients' status[B] the joint effort of modern researchers[C] legitimate concerns over the new prizes[D] the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A] Their endurance has done justice to them.[B] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C] They are the most representative honor.[D] History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the new awards are__________.[A] acceptable despite the criticism[B] harmful to the culture of research[C] subject to undesirable changes[D] unworthy of public attentionText 4“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences （AAAS）, deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 14-06 years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter”never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,”or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas —such as free markets or self-reliance —as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36.According to Paragraph 1, what is the author's attitude toward the AAAS's report?[A] Critical.[B] Appreciative.[C] Contemptuous.[D] Tolerant.37.Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to __________.[A] retain people's interest in liberal education[B] define the government's role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals' rights to education38.According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests__________.[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39.The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are__________.[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS's Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education。

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2014年在职教育硕士联考英语阅读练习一英语是教育硕士考试当中十分重要的内容，新阳光教育收集整理阅读理解内容供大家复习参考。

With the invention and development of television,entertainment has grown much more visual in character and is demanding less and less use of the imagination,considered by many to be man's greatest faculty.But its greatest inadequacy lies in its inability to exercise just those creative powers in men which are called upon and developed in the pursuit of a worthwhile hobby,This lack is not serious while a man is still fully employed in his day-to-day work which itself often gives him opportunities to create either with his hands or with his mind.At this time he seeks only some form of relaxation in his leisure.There comes a time,however,when he must retire from his occupation on account of age,and it is then that these shallower pastimes,useful enough has a form of relaxation,might cease to satisfy the hitherto active man.Today,many elderly people are finding this to be true,and seem constantly to be suffering from a sense of frustration after retirement,which reveals seem constantly to be suffering from a sense of frustration after retirement,which reveals itself in a short temper and slow degeneration of health,the two most common symptoms.1.The writer criticizes visual entertainment becauseA.it does not require man's creative powers.B.it demands too much of our imagination.C.it can not improve our intelligence and skill.D.it leads man to slow degeneration in health.参考答案：C2.What is regarded as man’s greatest faculty?A.EntertainmentB.CharacterC.HobbiesD.Imagination参考答案：D3.While fully employed,men look forA.Visual entertainment that requires imagination in their leisure.B.opportunities to create either with their hands or with their minds in their leisure.C.something that will help them relax in their leisure.D.creative hobbies in their leisure.参考答案：C4.When retired,the elderly people find thatA.shallower pastimes can no longer satisfy them.B.it is unnecessary to cultivate creative hobbies in their younger days.C.doing anything after retirement is unnecessary.D.relaxation is most suitable for their retired life.参考答案：A5.It can be inferred from the passage thatA.hobbies are more important to the young than to the elderly.B.we should develop worthwhile hobbies when we are young.C.in ancient times entertainment was more visual in character.D.Hobbies are not important in the health of modern men.参考答案：BIs teaching important?Well,of course it is.There was a time when the necessary knowledge could be taught to the young by family members.But as societies became more complex and division of labor more common,it was impossible for family members to teach the information and skills young people needed to become useful members of the society.As the need for specialists appeared,the job of teaching came into being in our country,and teaching as a job has been of increasing importance over the past hundred years.Today,we have strict rules for teachers. We hope all children can attend schools.Many things tell us that teaching is indeed an"important" job.In recent years,there has been an increasing need for teachers to be"responsible".This means that the public expects teachers to succeed in teaching important information to the young. Teachers'salaries today,while not much,certainly are much higher than they were in years past. These increases have come about because people have realized that without enough salaries, people who have abilities will not become teachers.Today almost no one says that"anybody will do"for a teacher.The public expects"quality people"to teach the young,and progress is being made to give salaries that will make people who have abilities become teachers.1.Before the job of teaching came into being,__.A.family members had been responsible for the education of the youngB.specialists had been in charge of teaching young peopleC.young people had had to be self-educatedD.the society had played an important role in educating young people参考答案：A2.The job of teaching came into being mainly because of__.A.the development of the societyB.the explosion of informationC.The need for specialistsD.the civilization of human beings参考答案：C3.Teachers'salaries are raised today in order to__.A.show the importance of teaching as a jobB.attract more qualified people to become teachersC.make teachers"responsible"in their teachingD.improve the quality of public teaching参考答案：B4."Anybody will do"for a teacher means that__.A.Almost all people want to become a teacherB.a teacher is so highly respected that people all want to help himC.a teacher will do whatever he can for his studentsD.the job of teaching is so easy that everybody can do it参考答案：D5.We know from the passage that__.A.it is important to be successful in teaching the youngB.enough salaries are necessary in making quality people become teachersC.greater progress has to be made in teachingD.teaching is a product of the society's division of labor参考答案：B。

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