2014 Sino-American International Mathematics League Competition (High School) - Answers
第十四届中国经济学年会入选论文
第十四届中国经济学年会通过论文征集共收到中英文投稿700余篇，其中优秀论文数量众多。
为保证年会最佳的学术交流，中国经济学年会秘书处邀请了来自清华大学、中国人民大学、南开大学、北京师范大学、对外经济贸易大学、北大光华管理学院、北大经济学院、北京航空航天大学、北大国家发展研究院等单位的经济学者对年会投稿文章进行了集中评审，共选出中文235篇、英文58篇优秀论文参会。
今年年会拟按惯例组织女经济学者专题、国防专题、中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）专题，中国家庭动态跟踪调查（CFPS）专题，微观家庭金融行为专题等。
以下为2014年第十四届中国经济学年会入选论文名单，公布表单中的作者信息为投稿系统直接导出（英文文章信息从邮箱所投稿件中摘录），若有需要更正之处，请您务必于10月28日之前将需要更正的个人信息、论文题目，所属领域发信致mail2cenet@。
注：第14届中国经济学年会将于2014年12月13日－14日在深圳北京大学大学汇丰商学院召开，届时还将举办经济学年会人才招聘专场和经济学图书展。
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2014美赛ICM翻译
2014 ICM ProblemUsing Networks to Measure Influence and Impact One of the techniques to determine influence of academic research is to build and measure properties of citation or co-author networks. Co-authoring a manuscript usually connotes a strong influential connection between researchers. One of the most famous academic co-authors was the 20th-century mathematician Paul Erdös who had over 500co-authors and published over 1400 technical research papers. It is ironic, or perhapsnot, that Erdös is also one of the influencers in building the foundation for the emerging interdisciplinary science of networks, particularly, through his publication with AlfredRényi of the paper “On Random Graphs” in 1959. Erdös’s role as a collaborator was sosignificant in the field of mathematics that mathematicians often measure their closeness to Erdös through analysis of Erdös’s amazingly large and robust co-authornetwork (see the website /enp/ ). The unusual and fascinatingstory of Paul Erdös as a gifted mathematician, talented problem solver, and mastercollaborator is provided in many books and on-line websites(e.g.,/Biographies/Erd os.html). Perhaps his itinerantlifestyle, frequently staying with or residing with his collaborators, and giving much of hismoney to students as prizes for solving problems, enabled his co-authorships to flourishand helped build his astounding network of influence in several areas of mathematics.In order to measure such influence as Erdös produced, there are network-basedevaluation tools that use co-author and citation data to determine impact factor ofresearchers, publications, and journals. Some of these are Science Citation Index, Hfactor,Impact factor, Eigenfactor, etc. Google Scholar is also a good data tool to use fornetwork influence or impact data collection and analysis. Your team’s goal for ICM2014 is to analyze influence and impact in research networks and other areas of society. Your tasks to do this include:1) Build the co-author network of the Erdos1 authors (you can use the file from thewebsitehttps:///users/grossman/enp/Erdos1. html or the one weinclude at Erdos1.htm ). You should build a co-author network of theapproximately 510 researchers from the file Erdos1, who coauthored a paperwith Erdös, but do not include Erdös. This will take some skilled data extractionand modeling efforts to obtain the correct set of nodes (the Erdös coauthors) andtheir links (connections with one another as coauthors). There are over 18,000lines of raw data in Erdos1 file, but many of them will not be used since they arelinks to people outside the Erdos1 network. If necessary, you can limit the size ofyour network to analyze in order to calibrate your influence measurementalgorithm. Once built, analyze the properties of this network. (Again, do notinclude Erdös --- he is the most influential and would be connected to all nodes inthe network. In this case, it’s co-authorship with him that builds the network, buthe is not part of the network or the analysis.)2) Develop influence measure(s) to determine who in this Erdos1 network hassignificant influence within the network. Consider who has published importantworks or connects important researchers within Erdos1. Again, assume Erdös isnot there to play these roles.3) Another type of influence measure might be to compare the significance of aresearch paper by analyzing the important works that follow from its publication.Choose some set of foundational papers in the emerging field of network scienceeither from the attached list (NetSciFoundation.pdf) or papers you discover.Use these papers to analyze and develop a model to determine their relativeinfluence. Build the influence (coauthor or citation) networks and calculateappropriate measures for your analysis. Which of the papers in your set do youconsider is the most influential in network science and why? Is there a similarway to determine the role or influence measure of an individual networkresearcher? Consider how you would measure the role, influence, or impact of aspecific university, department, or a journal in network science? Discussmethodology to develop such measures and the data that would need to becollected.4) Implement your algorithm on a completely different set of network influence data--- for instance, influential songwriters, music bands, performers, movie actors,directors, movies, TV shows, columnists, journalists, newspapers, magazines,novelists, novels, bloggers, tweeters, or any data set you care to analyze. Youmay wish to restrict the network to a specific genre or geographic location orpredetermined size.5) Finally, discuss the science, understanding and utility of modeling influence andimpact within networks. Could individuals, organizations, nations, and society useinfluence methodology to improve relationships, conduct business, and makewise decisions? For instance, at the individual level, describe how you could useyour measures and algorithms to choose who to try to co-author with in order toboost your mathematical influence as rapidly as possible. Or how can you useyour models and results to help decide on a graduate school or thesis advisor toselect for your future academic work?6) Write a report explaining your modeling methodology, your network-basedinfluence and impact measures, and your progress and results for the previousfive tasks. The report must not exceed 20 pages (not including your summarysheet) and should present solid analysis of your network data; strengths,weaknesses, and sensitivity of your methodology; and the power of modelingthese phenomena using network science.*Your submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet and your solution cannotexceed 20 pages for a maximum of 21 pages.This is a listing of possible papers that could be included in a foundational set ofinfluential publications in network science. Network science is a new, emerging, diverse, interdisciplinary field so there is no large, concentrated set of journals that are easy touse to find network papers even though several new journals were recently establishedand new academic programs in network science are beginning to be offered inuniversities throughout the world. You can use some of these papers or others of yourown choice for your team’s set to analyze and compare for influence or impact innetwork science for task #3.Erdös, P. and Rényi, A., On Random Graphs, Publicationes Mathematicae, 6: 290-297,1959.Albert, R. and Barabási, A-L. Statistical mechanics of complex networks. Reviews ofModern Physics, 74:47-97, 2002.Bonacich, P.F., Power and Centrality: A family of measures, Am J. Sociology. 92: 1170-1182, 1987.Barabási, A-L, and Albert, R. Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science, 286:509-512, 1999.Borgatti, S. Identifying sets of key players in a network. Computational andMathematical Organization Theory, 12: 21-34, 2006. Borgatti, S. and Everett, M. Models of core/periphery structures. Social Networks, 21:375-395, October 2000Graham, R. On properties of a well-known graph, or, What is your Ramseynumber? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 328:166-172, June 1979.Kleinberg, J. Navigation in a small world. Nature, 406: 845, 2000.Newman, M. Scientific collaboration networks: II. Shortest paths, weightednetworks, and centrality. Physical Review E, 64:016132, 2001.Newman, M. The structure of scientific collaboration networks. Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA, 98: 404-409, January 2001. Newman, M. The structure and function of complex networks. SIAM Review,45:167-256, 2003.Watts, D. and Dodds, P. Networks, influence, and public opinion formation. Journal ofConsumer Research, 34: 441-458, 2007.Watts, D., Dodds, P., and Newman, M. Identity and search in social networks. Science,296:1302-1305, May 2002.Watts, D. and Strogatz, S. Collective dynamics of `small-world' networks. Nature, 393:440-442, 1998.Snijders, T. Statistical models for social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 37:131–153, 2011.Valente, T. Social network thresholds in the diffusion of innovations, Social Networks,18: 69-89, 1996.Erdos1, V ersion 2010, October 20, 2010This is a list of the 511 coauthors of Paul Erdos, together with their coauthors listed beneath them. The date of first joint paper with Erdos is given, followed by the number of joint publications (ifit is more than one). An asterisk following the name indicates that this Erdos coauthor is known to be deceased; additional information about the status of Erdos coauthors would be most welcomed. (This convention is not used for those with Erdos number 2, as to do so would involve too much work.) Numbers preceded by carets follow the convention used by Mathematical Reviews in MathSciNet to distinguish people with the same names.Please send corrections and comments to grossman@The Erdos Number Project Web site can be found at the following URL:/enpABBOTT, HARVEY LESLIE 1974Aull, Charles E.Brown, Ezra A.Dierker, Paul F.Exoo, GeoffreyGardner, BenHANSON, DENISHare, Donovan R. Katchalski, MeirLiu, Andy C. F.MEIR, AMRAMMOON, JOHN W.MOSER, LEO*Pareek, Chandra MohanRiddell, JamesSAUER, NORBERT W.SIMMONS, GUSTA VUS J.Smuga-Otto, M. J.SUBBARAO, MA TUKUMALLI VENKATA* Suryanarayana, D.Toft, BjarneWang, Edward Tzu HsiaWilliams, Emlyn R.Zhou, BingACZEL, JANOS D. 1965Abbas, Ali E.Aczel, S.Alsina Catala, ClaudiBaker, John A.Beckenbach, Edwin F.Beda, GyulaBelousov, Valentin DanilovichBenz, WalterBerg, LotharBoros, ZoltanChudziak, JacekDaroczy, ZoltanDhombres, Jean G.Djokovic, Dragomir Z.Egervary, Jeno2014 ICM问题使用网络来测量的影响和冲击其中一项技术来确定学术研究的影响力是建立和测量引文或合著者网络的性能。
2014年美国的人权纪录(美国人权报告)全文【中国国务院新闻办】(英文完整版)1439468
网站首页专题首页相关解读相关报道首页>国新视点>国新办发表《2014年美国的人权纪录》Full text of Human Rights Record of the United States in 2014The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China published a report titled "Human Rights Record of the United States in 2014" on Friday.Following is the report's full text:Human Rights Record of the United States in 2014State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of ChinaForewordOn June 25 local time, the State Department of the United States released its country reports on human rights practices once again, making comments on the human rights situations in many countries while showing not a bit of regret for orintention to improve its own terrible human rights record. Plenty of facts show that, in 2014, the U.S., a self-proclaimed human rights defender, saw no improvements in its existent human rights issues, but reported numerous new problems. While its own human rights situation was increasingly grave, the U.S. violated human rights in other countries in a more brazen manner, and was given more "red cards" in the international human rights field.The U.S. was haunted by spreading guns, frequent occurrence of violent crimes, which threatened citizens' civil rights.Statistics showed that the use of firearms in the U.S. was behind 69 percent of murders, while for robberies, the figure was 40 percent, and for aggravated assaults, 21.6 percent (). The excessive use of force by police officers led to many deaths, sparking public outcry. An unarmed 18-year-old African-American Michael Brown was shot dead by a white police officer named Darren Wilson in Ferguson, a town in Missouri. After the grand jury of both Missouri and New York decided to bring no charges against the white police officer, massive protests broke out in more than 170 cities nationwide (, November 25, 2014).The U.S. used cruel tortures indiscriminately, notably those carried out by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). To 国务院新闻办公室网站 2015-06-26 来源： acquire intelligence from suspects of terrorism and extremism, the CIA used brutal methods, such as sleep deprivation, waterboarding, long-term solitary confinement, slamming prisoners against the wall, lashing, death threat and even "rectal rehydration" or rectal feeding. United Nations human rights convention institutions such as the UN Human Rights Committee and the Committee Against Torture had raised their concerns over issues in the U.S., including terrible detention conditions for convicts awaiting execution, abuse of brutal methods, secret detention, indefinite arbitrary detention, and illegal wire-tapping which infringed citizens' privacy. These institutions called on the U.S. to conduct swift, effective and fair investigations into all brutal behaviors and abuse of forces of the police force ().The U.S. is a country with grim problems of racial discrimination, and institutional discrimination against ethnic minorities continued. Serious racial bias persisted in the police and justice systems. Minority groups and indigenous people are subject to unfairness in environment, election, health care, housing, education and other fields. In August 2014, the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in its concluding observation on the periodic report of the U.S. on the latter's implementation of relevant convention, slammed the U.S. for violating the rights of ethnic minorities, indigenous people, immigrants and other minority groups. It criticized the fact that members of racial and ethnic minorities continued to be disproportionately arrested, incarcerated and subjected to harsher sentences ().Money is a deciding factor in the U.S. politics, and the U.S. citizens' political rights were not properly protected. Despite the highest midterm election spending in history, general election voter turnout for the 2014 midterms was the lowest since World War II. "Dark money" flowed into elections, and the voting rights of racial minorities and other groups were intentionally suppressed. A few interest groups with power were able to influence the government's decision-making. As a renowned scholar pointed out sharply, the U.S. democratic system was experiencing a crisis of representation. "Ordinary citizens feel that their supposedly democratic government no longer truly reflects their interests and is under the control of a variety of shadowy elites (Foreign Affairs, September/October 2014)."Although the U.S. is the most developed country in the world, it is hard for the economic and social rights of itscitizens to be soundly ensured. In the process of economic recovery, the income inequality continued to be enlarged, the basic living conditions for the homeless people deteriorated, the health care system operated terribly and the education rights of average citizens were violated. In October 2014, the United Nations Special Rapporteurs criticized the unprecedented water shut-offs in Detroit disproportionately affected the most vulnerable and poorest people, violating their right of access to drinking water and other international human rights.American women and children's rights were not fully protected. Women were discriminated at workplaces, and domestic violence was prevalent. Each year, 2.1 million American women on average were assaulted by men. Three females were murdered by their partner each day, and four females died each day as a result of abuse. In the U.S. military, reports of female soldiers getting harassed were on the rise, and more faced repercussions for reporting assaults. Millions of American children were homeless. Three children died each day as a result of abuse. School violence and sex assaults were pervasive and gun shootings happened from time to time.National Security Agency and other intelligence-gathering apparatus of the U.S. for a long time have spied on world leaders and civilians. The U.S. has not ratified the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The U.S. government often takes an evasive or uncooperative attitude toward the criticism of the United Nations Human Rights Council, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights of UN, the council's working groups and special rapporteurs.I. On Civil RightsIn the U.S., problems concerning respecting and protecting civil rights are severe. The nation is haunted by spreading guns, frequent occurrence of violent crimes, the excessive use of force by police that infringed on citizens' personal rights, as well as wide criticism of illegal eavesdropping that violated citizens' right of privacy.Civil rights are threatened by rampant violent crimes. According to the "Crime in the United States" released by the FBI, there were an estimated 1,163,146 violent crimes reported to law enforcement in 2013, of which 14,196 are murders, 79,770 are rapes, 345,031 robberies and 724,149 aggravated assaults (.) There were an estimated 367.9 violent crimes per 100,000 inhabitants in 2013. The Market Watch announced 10 most dangerous cities in America(, November 20, 2014)). The lowest ranking of the ten was Birmingham in Alabama, where 1,345 crimes were reported for every 100,000 residents, while in Detroit, 2,072 violent crimes were reported for 100,000 residents, the highest in the nation in 2013. In 2014, Los Angeles's overall total of violent crimes was up 7.6 percent by early October, compared with the same time in 2013 (The Los Angeles Times, October 4, 2014). There was about 1,500 violent crimes registered a month in 2014. Meanwhile, gang violence in the U.S. was at an all time high. There were currently an estimated 1.7 million gang members spread throughout the country (, November 1, 2014).The rampant use of guns was not contained. Though the FBI had launched federal background checks to block groups like fugitives and felons, from buying firearms, local law enforcement authorities did not report arrest warrants to the database used to screen gun buyers (The USA Today, April 23, 2014). Consequently, tens of thousands of fugitives including those facing serious charges can pass the background checks and bought firearms. Statistics showed that the use offirearms was behind about 69 percent of the murders in the U.S., while for robberies, the figure was 40 percent, and for aggravated assaults, 21.6 percent (, September 24, 2014). A total of 2,215 people were shot in Chicago in the first 10 months of 2014 (, November 1, 2014,). There were 30 shooting cases reported in three days in a week in the city (, November 19, 2014).Law enforcement authorities were run with a loose rein, with some even turning a blind eye to fugitives. Police officers were ignoring sex crimes on a regular basis. A report released in November by the inspector general of New Orleans found that of 1,290 sex crime calls for service assigned to five New Orleans police detectives from 2011 to 2013, 840 were designated as miscellaneous, and nothing at all was done (The New York Times, November 13, 2014). Of the 450 calls that led to the creation of an initial investigative report, no further documentation was found for 271 of them. Police and prosecutors were allowing tens of thousands of wanted felons to escape justice merely by crossing a state border (The USA Today, March 12, 2014). A confidential FBI database chronicled 186,873 of these cases, including more than 3,300 accusedof sex crimes. A total of 78,878 felony suspects won't be extradited from any place but neighboring states (The USA Today, March 12, 2014). Police indicated they would not spend the time or money to retrieve the fugitive from another state.There was excessive use of violence by police. The Wall Street Journal reported on December 3, 2014, that many of the law enforcement agencies did not submit the statistics about killings by police when enforcing laws to the FBI. The report found at least 1,800 police killings took place in 105 police departments between 2007 and 2012. The Associated Press reported on December 7, 2014 that at least 400 deaths happened every year as a result of the law enforcement activities by the U.S. police officers, most of who were not prosecuted. And some police officers had repeated killings on record, though they were investigated for every case. There were 55 police officers who were sued at least 10 times with one being sued for 28 times. Los Angeles Times reported on September 14 that since 2004 a committee reviewed 809 complaints of excessive force or misconduct at the Southwest border, but no police officers had been punished.In July 17, 2014, African-American resident Eric Garner was choked to death when several white New York police officers were arresting him. Garner, unarmed, put his hands up during the process, saying he couldn't breathe many times, and then he was grabbed from behind in a chokehold which was banned, until he lost consciousness (, December 3, 2014). Darren Wilson, a white police officer, fatally shot Michael Brown, an unarmed 18-year-old African-American, on August 9, 2014 in Ferguson, a town in Missouri. The shootings had generated continued riots in the town (The New York Times, November 25, 2014). After the grand jury of both Missouri and New York decided to bring no charges against the white police officer, massive protests broke out in more than 170 cities (, November 25, 2014). The protests were cracked down by authorities, with police aggressively arresting citizens on the streets. Some residents in Ferguson were unlawfully arrested by police and were just trying to get home when they were picked up and taken to jail (, December 2, 2014). Since August 2014, roughly 300 people, including local residents and activists aswell as organizers and journalists who traveled to Ferguson, had been arrested amid the protests (The Chicago Tribune, December 1, 2014). "Ferguson incident" was a bitter result of the excessive use of force by police in law enforcement. New York Daily News reported on October 8, 2014, that two police officers beat a 16-year-old teenager Karhreem Tribble with grips of fire arms. Several of the teenager's teeth were broken and his mouth was swollen. In another report the next day, the paper said a police officer swiped 1,300 dollars from a man during a stop-and-frisk. When the man and his sister complained and tried to get his badge number, the officer then pepper-sprayed him and his sister. What was more disturbing, the other officer was just standing around watching. On November 23, 2014, police in the U.S. city of Cleveland, Ohio, shot and killed a 12-year-old boy who was in a playground waving around what turned out to be a replica gun (, November 23, 2014 ).Security authorities were illegally eavesdropping, infringing on citizens' privacy. The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, an independent federal privacy watchdog, concluded that the National Security Agency's (NSA) program to bulk phone call records was illegal (The New York Times, January 23, 2014). The Huffington Post reported on February 27, 2014 that U.S. District Judge William Martini dismissed a lawsuit brought by eight Muslims, affirming the New York Police Department's right to spy on Muslim communities in New Jersey, drawing fire from several human rights groups, including the American Civil Liberties Union (, February 27, 2014). The Prism gate continued to reveal that American law firm was monitored by the NSA while representing a foreign government in trade disputes with the United States. On July 16, 2014, Navi Pillay, the then UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said the mass surveillance programs and related polices by some states were not transparent, creating an interference with privacy at a press conference on the right to privacy in the digital age (, July 16, 2014). According to Pillay, coercing private providers into offering massive personal information and data about customers without their noticing or consent was against rules set in documents including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.Prisons in the U.S. were crowded and violence and deaths there were increasing. According to a report titled "Prisoners in 2013" by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. state and federal correctional facilities held an estimated 1,574,700 prisoners on December 31, 2013, an increase of 4,300 prisoners from yearend 2012 (, September 16, 2014). In some places, prisons resorted to early releases because of the surge in prisoners. Across California, more than 13,500 inmates were being released early each month to relieve crowding in local jails - a 34 percent increase over the last three years. In Los Angeles County, with a quarter of California's jail population, male inmates often were released after serving as little as 10 percent of their sentences and female prisoners after 5 percent (The Los Angeles Times, August 17, 2014). Due to lax management, violence in prisons was occurring frequently. In 2012, 4,309 inmates died while in the custody of local jails or state prisons (, October 9, 2014). The number of deaths in local jails increased, from 889 in 2011 to 958 in 2012. In Rikers Island, a vast New York City jail complex, the use of force by correctionofficers jumped nearly 240 percent over the last decade since 2004 (The New York Times, March 19, 2014). In the Julia Tutwiler Prison in Alabama, there was a large amount of complaints about the sex abuse and harassment involving guards and supervisors. However, state investigators time and again classified the complaints as unfounded or unsubstantiated and often recommended that the matters be closed without further action (The Washington Post, October 6, 2014).II. On Political RightsAs a renowned political scientist pointed out, the U.S. political system has decayed over time, and in an environment of sharp political polarization, this decentralized system gives excessive representation to the views of interest groups and activist organizations (Foreign Affairs, September/October 2014). Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter said that the world sees "a democracy that's not working" (, October 11, 2013). It revealed the institutional root for thefact that the political rights of U.S. citizens had not been effectively protected.Money is still a deciding factor for the U.S. politics. Total spending in the 2014 midterm races was projected to top 4 billion U.S. dollars nationwide, making it the most expensive midterm election in history (, October 28, 2014). Outside groups with political agendas picked up a larger share of the bill. More money than ever in the midterm came from secret sources. The influence of average Americans on the election results diminished (, November 2, 2014). "K Street" in Washington, D.C. -- located between Capitol Hill and the White House and known as a metonym for the country's lobbing industry -- became the fourth power center in the U.S. after administration, legislation and justice. Behind legalized lobbying was the political manipulation by money and capital. Unfettered corporate political donations became "legalized bribery" (, October 11, 2013). According to a USA Today report on September 10, 2014, "dark money" kept flowing into elections since a landmark Supreme Court decision in 2010 opened the floodgate on political donations. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission case on January 21, 2010 that the rules to restrict election campaign expenditures by for-profit corporations was in violation of the Constitution. During the 2014 campaign season, dark money exceeded 53 million U.S. dollars, up from 16 million U.S.dollars in 2010 (, September 10, 2014). Everything wrong with campaigns for other offices - big money, special interest groups and TV attack ads - also infected judicial election. Spending by outside groups to elect judges increased eight-fold from before the 2002 elections to that leading up to 2012 (, October 28, 2014). A legal scholar points out that interest groups are able to influence members of Congress legally simply by making donations and waiting for unspecified return favors. The democratic process has been corrupted or hijacked. In the contemporaryU.S., elites speak the language of liberty but are perfectly happy to settle for privilege (Foreign Affairs,September/October 2014).The voting rights of racial minorities and other groups are under suppression. The voting rights in the U.S. arerestricted by economic income, race and other factors, and many citizens were prevented from voting. Preliminary exitpolls showed that voters of African origins accounted for 12 percent in the 2014 midterm election, down from 13 percent in the 2012 presidential election. Hispanic voters dropped from 10 percent in 2012 to 8 percent and the proportion of Asian voters also reduced to two percent from three percent (, November 5, 2014). In 2014, the Supreme Court said that Texas could use its controversial new voter identification law for the November election. Roughly 600,000 voters, many of them black or Latino, could be turned away at the polls because they lacked acceptable identification (, October 18, 2014). Voting rights advocates were up in arms over the socioeconomic and racial factors of these new restrictions (, November 3, 2014). In addition, criminal disenfranchisement removed massive swaths of society from the democratic process as a collateral consequence of conviction. A striking 5.85 million Americans could not vote because of a criminal conviction before. Many disenfranchised citizens lived in Iowa, Kentucky, or Florida -- thethree states with extreme policies of disenfranchising anyone with a felony conviction for life (, November 17, 2014).The American citizens have increasingly lost confidence in electoral politics. According to most polls, Americans approached the 2014 elections in a sour mood. Two-thirds said the nation had gotten off on the wrong track(, November 2, 2014). According to a report by the Huffington Post on December 2, 2014, only nine percent of Americans approved of Congress in the weeks leading up to the midterms elections (, December 2, 2014). In contrast to the high costs, general election voter turnout for the 2014 midterms was the lowest in any election cycle since the World War II. As of November 3, 2014, only 36.4 percent of the voting-eligible population cast ballots. Indiana had the lowest turnout rate, with just 28 percent of eligible voters participating (, November 10, 2014).III. On Economic and Social RightsDespite the gradual recovery of the U.S. economy in 2014, unemployment and poverty still threatened the basic right of survival for the U.S. people. The living conditions for homeless people continuously deteriorated; the income and property gaps caused by distribution inequality continued to enlarge; ordinary people's rights of health and education could not be well ensured as relative resources were more frequently used to serve the rich.Unemployment posed threat to people's basic right of survival. According to the figures released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the unemployment rate of the U.S. in January 2015 stood at 5.7 percent, with some nine million people jobless and 2.8 million of them having been unemployed for 27 weeks or longer. The unemployment rate for teenagers (18.8 percent) increased in January (). Although overall U.S. unemployment has fallen in 2014, seven million Americans could only find part-time positions. The number of people working part-time involuntarily is more than 50 percent higher than when the recession began, and almost 30 percent of involuntary part-time workers were unemployed forat least three months in a year (, November 20, 2014). The unemployment risk forced more people to work on dangerous positions. The BLS data showed that 734 contract workers were killed on the job in the U.S. in 2013, increasing by 35 percent from the 2011 number. A bill known as the Protecting America's Workers Act has been proposed in every Congress since 2004 but has never made it out of committee (, October 15, 2014).Poverty rate remained high. Research showed that over 14.5 percent of Americans (about 45 million) lived below the poverty line in 2013, of whom 27.2 percent were African Americans (about 11 million). About 42.5 percent of the African American single-mother families and 14.6 percent of people aged 65 and above (about 6.5 million) lived in poverty(, September 16, 2014; , October 17, 2014). The high poverty rate left one in seven Americans relying on food pantries and meal service programs to feed themselves and their families (, August 17, 2014). Nearly one in five New Yorkers, 1.4 million people, relied on food pantries and soup kitchens across the city to eat. That represented an increase of 200,000 people in five years (The New York Daily News, March 17, 2014). An estimated 322,300 people in 17 Northeast Florida Counties turned to food pantries and meal service programs to feed themselves and their families, and 29 percent were children under age 18 (, August 27, 2014). On October 20, 2014, the Special Rapporteur on the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation and Special Rapporteur on adequate housing of the United Nations voiced their concerns on the cutting-off of water supply for the families that could not pay the water bills in Detroit City, considering it a violation to the right of access to drinking water and other international basic human rights.The basic living conditions for homeless people deteriorated. Statistics showed that the homeless population reached toover 610,000 in the U.S. in 2014, including high levels of child, youth and veteran homelessness (, May 28, 2014). In recent years, homelessness in New York City has reached the highest levels since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The Basic facts about homelessness: New York City, released by the Coalition for the Homeless in November 2014 showed that in September 2014, there were an all-time record 58,056 homeless people, including 24,631 homeless children (). An estimated 850 families in Washington D.C. were projected to be homeless in the winter of 2014, a 16 percent increase from the year before (The Washington Post, October 14, 2014). However, the number of cities that prohibit sleeping in vehicles jumped from 37 in 2011 to 81 in 2014. The number that prohibit sitting or lying in public spaces increased from 70 in 2011 to 100 in 2014 (, July 16, 2014). In the U.S., 21 cities have managed to pass legislation banning or restricting organizations from sharing food with homeless populations in public places since January 2013 alone, according to a report by the National Coalition for the Homeless (, November 30, 2014). The city of San Jose in California is known as one of the world's most opulent locations, however, San Jose and the surrounding Santa Clara County estimated almost 7,600 homeless people in 2013. In early December 2014, city officials planned to begin shutting down the encampments built by the homeless people along a creek bed. The majority of the people have said they don't know what they're going to do (The Los Angeles Times, December 4, 2014).The income inequality has been continuously growing. Over the past decade, the incomes of the richest Americans have grown by 86 percent, while the incomes of everyone else have grown at just a little over six percent, according to media report (, January 8, 2014). A Pew Research Center study showed that the percentage of people who classified themselves as middle class has shrunk to 44 percent in 2014 from 53 percent in 2008. At the same time, the study showed, those who classified themselves as lower- or lower-middle class has risen to 40 percent in 2014 vs. 25 percent in 2008 (, September 25, 2014). In 2013, the difference in income between the country's rich and poor was the highest in almost 80 years (, September 2, 2014). In 2014, 65 percent of all Americans believed inequality was growing (, June 11, 2014).The health care system was not able to widely protect citizens' right of health. According to Commonwealth Fund's latest findings, the U.S. health care system has the least efficient, least fair and worst health outcomes among the 11 peer nations surveyed. Americans have the highest death rate, the highest infant death rate and worst health at age 60. Yet Americans pay more than double what people in these other nations pay (, June 24, 2014).Statistics revealed that every year, about 42.5 million American adults (or 18.2 percent of the total adult population in the U.S.) suffer from some mental illness, enduring conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia (, February 28, 2014). About 3.7 million Americans with serious mental illness, psychological distress or a substance abuse disorder are not covered by health insurance (, April 8, 2014). There's a suicide in the U.S. every 13 minutes. The nearly 40,000 American lives lost each year make suicide the second-leading killer for those aged 15-34 (The USA Today, October 10, 2014). Despite of the insufficient health care, since the beginning of 2010, 43 rural hospitals have closed, each serving about 10,000 people, who are the most vulnerable in the society (The USA Today, November 14, 2014).The right to education of average people was not effectively protected. A study by the New America Foundation found that 69 percent of private colleges asked students whose families earned $30,000 or less to turn over half that income for tuition in 2012. College access opportunities were limited only to those who are rich enough to afford it due to high tuition fees (, September 18, 2014). Statistics showed that currently 29 percent of the young Americans have less education than their parents. Across the O.E.C.D, an average of 70 percent of three-year-olds are enrolled in education programs, while in the U.S., it's 38 percent (, October 29, 2014).。
第十四届中外联合展览会写一篇作文
第十四届中外联合展览会写一篇作文The 14th China International Exhibition on Foreign Cooperation (CIEFC) was a grand event that brought together participants from both China and foreign countries. The exhibition showcased the achievements and advancements in various industries, fostering collaboration and promoting international trade.英文回答：The 14th China International Exhibition on Foreign Cooperation (CIEFC) was a remarkable platform for showcasing the achievements and advancements in various industries. With participants from both China and foreign countries, the exhibition provided an excellent opportunity for collaboration and promoting international trade.The exhibition was a vibrant display of innovation and technology, with companies from different sectors presenting their latest products and services. Fromcutting-edge technologies in artificial intelligence to sustainable energy solutions, the exhibition showcased the immense potential for cooperation and development.中文回答：第十四届中外联合展览会是一个展示各个行业成就和进步的盛会。
2014国际会议
序号
名称
会议地点
1
2014 5th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS 2014)
北京市
2
The 11th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO)
formal methods, database security, secure software, applied cryptography 第14届IEEE数据挖掘国际会议 · Systems analysis and design methods · Object-oriented enterprise modelling · Knowledge based systems to support database design · Automated mediation in group support systems · Distributed information systems, electronic commerce · Software copyright infringements Foundations, algorithms, models, and theory of data mining Machine learning and statistical methods for data mining Mining text, semi-structured, spatio-temporal, streaming, graph, web, multimedia data Data mining systems and platforms, their efficiency, scalability, and privacy Data mining in modeling, visualization, personalization, and recommendation
美股--纳斯达克
次序名称代码最新买价卖价1REPROS THERAPEUT RPRXW000 2电信系统软件TSYS000 3新奥混凝土CADC0 1.5 3.95 4IPATHR US TREASU DLBL077.4981.44 5Global Partner A GPAC00.01200000 6FIRST TRUST ISE PLTM000 7Liberty Media Co LMCB035.4337.53 8Boxlight Corpora BOXLW000 9RICEBRAN TECHNOL RIBTW00.12200000 10CAMBRIDGE CAPITA CAMBW000 11GALECTIN THERAPE GALTU00.01 4.76 12第一世纪银行FCTY00.01200000 13阿贝斯OBAS030 14Advanced Inhalat AITP000 15OptimumBank Hold OPHC00.017.21 16ROI ACQUISITION ROIQU000 171347 CAPITAL Cor TFSCR00.2200000 18久邦数码GOMO000 19Vapor Corp VPCOU000 20United Developme UDF000 21EZ芯半导体EZCH000 22Helios and Mathe HMNY00.01 2.09 23Medical Transcri MTBCP018200000 24G Willi-Food Int WILC000 25GARNERO GROUP AC GGACU010.0410.15 26Condor Hospitali CDOR00.752 27Condor Hospitali CDORO016.13200000 28E-compass Acquis ECAC09.9210.05 29ALPHAMARK ACTIVE SMCP020.4620.53 30EXCHANGE TRADED ERW000 31ELECTRUM SPECIAL ELECU00.01200000 32Gaming Partners GPIC08.2611 33MER Telemanageme MTSL00.25 1.25 34ELECTRUM SPECIAL ELECW00.08200000 35Wayne 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OPGNW0.26750.245200000 187CAPNIA Inc SERIE CAPNW0.26990.13200000 188旭明光电股份有限LEDS0.27010.20990.4099 189NXT-ID Inc NXTDW0.2770.0110 190Professional Div IPDN0.28010.01 1.19 191Cumulus Media In CMLS0.28020.180.4497 192吴江鲈乡农村小额CCCR0.2810.260.3 193Fairway Group Ho FWM0.28150.280.3087 194RXi Pharmaceutic RXII0.28330.120 195OCULUS INNOVATIV OCLSW0.28390.260 196Forbes Energy Se FES0.290.23910.38 197阿莱克萨制药ALXA0.290.052 1.07 198Eleven Biotherap EBIO0.29490.29490.4822 199盈丰科技CREG0.29780.0310.36 200HARMONY MERGER C HRMNW0.30.17200000 201AROWANA INC ARWAR0.30.010.3 202American Caresou GNOW0.30690.161200000 203百代BIOD0.3350.3260.338204WL ROSS HOLDING WLRHW0.340.33200000 205美国能源USEG0.34010.3050.42 206Cyclacel Pharmac CYCC0.35660.310.368 207Vical Inc VICL0.360.3250.39 208Rada Electronics RADA0.360.27210.4899 209EASTERLY ACQUISI EACQW0.360.35200000 210Premier Exhibiti PRXI0.3600 211StemCells Inc STEM0.36890.330 212Hongli Clean Ene CETC0.37270.280.55 213GALECTIN THERAPE GALTW0.37830.30.5 214Gevo Inc GEVO0.38150.210.46 215Energy XXI Ltd EXXI0.38810.380.3999 216QC Holdings Inc QCCO0.3900 217NEUROMETRIX Inc NUROW0.40.3650 218Peregrine Pharma PPHM0.40760.310.48 219天人果汁SPU0.410.310.57 220中国陶瓷CCCL0.41330.358 1.8 221Atossa Genetics ATOS0.4150.40230.42 222Diana Containers DCIX0.420.310.59 223恩宗药业ENZN0.42010.41210.49 224Linn石油LINE0.43180.42050.46 225CRYOPORT Inc WAR CYRXW0.440.4200000 226Immune Pharmaceu IMNP0.44010.440.5 227Sutor Technology TOR0.4490.32 1.46 228Cellectar Biosci CLRB0.4620.400399.98 229碧碧BEBE0.46920.41310.48 230KBS Fashion Grou KBSF0.47480.4301200000 231Real Goods Solar RGSE0.47990.0510.59 232中环球船务SINO0.4840.4840.95 233Onconova Therape ONTX0.4880.390.45 234Prism Technologi PRZM0.4970.10 India REDF0.50.01 1.16 236庆客隆连锁商贸有QKLS0.50.010.54 237OXBRIDGE RE HOLD OXBRW0.50.5 1.25 238Signal Genetics SGNL0.5080.40 239Quest Resource H QRHC0.510.09 1.8 240BreitBurn能源BBEP0.51750.50.515 241Torchlight Energ TRCH0.5260.01 2.55 242EVINE Live Inc EVLV0.52660.530.59 243RLJ Entertainmen RLJE0.52980.110.95 244真科生物技术GNVC0.52990.470.5299 245InterCloud Syste ICLD0.530.4710.6 246富维薄膜有限公司FFHL0.53010.45010.72 247Sysorex Global SYRX0.550.5 1.19 248艾米斯传播EMMS0.5540.520.65 249Golden Ocean Gro GOGL0.560.50.707 250Draftday Fantasy DDAY0.56010.51260.6298 251OxiGene Inc OXGN0.56020.4110.99 252Pendrell Corp PCO0.57040.4850.7 253扩斯达QBAK0.58040.56520 254Caladrius Biosci CLBS0.590.440.6255Prana生物工艺PRAN0.590.5 1.25 256正一科技MOSY0.590.550 257Carbylan Therape CBYL0.59880.560.63 258RIT科技RITT0.60.26590.65 259Neothetics Inc NEOT0.60.51 1.99 260OncoGenex Pharma OGXI0.60010.40 261奥信天力ABAC0.6020.610.85 262Star Bulk Carrie SBLK0.60520.330.64 263PhotoMedex Inc PHMD0.60580.10.7 264Transgenomic Inc TBIO0.6090.40.78 265Nxt-ID Inc NXTD0.610.6010 266Uni-pixel Inc UNXL0.610.50 267NephroGenex Inc NRX0.62360.620 268CTI Biopharma Co CTIC0.630.62010.668 269GTx Inc GTXI0.640.310.72 270克西COSI0.650.520.76 271Rex Energy Corp REXX0.650.48240.96 272Lightbridge Corp LTBR0.650.620 273泰克飞石无线技术CNTF0.65990.010.742 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1.17 333TheStreet Inc TST0.9150.6791 334Unilife Corp UNIS0.91880.87 1.05 335Luna Innovations LUNA0.920.5 1.03 336Bridgeline Digit BLIN0.92010.01 1.3 337共和航空控股RJET0.930.5 1.1 338Synthesis Energy SYMX0.930.761 1.2 339Transition Thera TTHI0.93990.90 340Spar Group Inc SGRP0.950.010 341Taitron Componen TAIT0.950.93010.997 342RMG Networks Hol RMGN0.960.3333 1.99 343Orexigen Therape OREX0.96860.99 1.18 344AVEO制药公司AVEO0.96990.920.99 345GlobeImmune Inc GBIM0.96990.86 5.12 346Macrocure Ltd MCUR0.970.8011 2.78 347Reliv' Internati RELV0.970.551200000 348Neuralstem Inc CUR0.97030.8 1.09 349Lombard Medical EVAR0.97040.81 1.08 350中国天然资源有限CHNR0.97390.9012 351API技术公司ATNY0.980.84 2.95 352Oculus Innovativ OCLS0.9840.86 6.5 353Finjan Holdings FNJN0.9880.12 1.5 354艾泰沃ACPW0.990.95 1.35 355Turtle Beach Cor HEAR0.99250.99 1.03 356Sify Technologie SIFY10.98 1.17357Alliqua BioMedic ALQA10.86 1.68 358Rand Logistics I RLOG10.82 1.19 359安塔尔制药公司ATRS10.89 1.28 360iPass Inc IPAS10.8051 361NORTHWEST BIOTHE NWBOW 1.0001 1.11 1.56 362金凰珠宝股份有限KGJI 1.0199 1.02 1.03 363曼恩凯德生物医疗MNKD 1.020.75 1.11 364赛瑞恩肿瘤药剂ONTY 1.0251 1.14 365Bioline Rx Ltd BLRX 1.030.899 1.23 366Strata Skin Scie SSKN 1.04 1.027.85 367Neptune Technolo NEPT 1.041 1.25 368Catalyst Pharmac CPRX 1.040.9901 1.37 369中国汽车物流CALI 1.040.98 1.15 370Heat Biologics I HTBX 1.05010.8136 1.31 371Delta Technology DELT 1.05610.015 372Skyline Medical SKLN 1.060.110 373Apricus Bioscien APRI 1.060.92 1.69 374Vivus VVUS 1.080.9 1.2 375Magellan Petrole MPET 1.080.98 1.4 376Ceragon网络CRNT 1.11 1.07 1.2 377Echo Therapeutic ECTE 1.110.94 1.78 378Digital Turbine APPS 1.11 1.08 1.35 379Bioanalytical Sy BASI 1.1111200000 380项由永恒医疗器材ETRM 1.120.824 381Westell Technolo WSTL 1.13 1.130 382Pyxis Tankers In PXS 1.130.010 383Verastem Inc VSTM 1.1350.90 384Cogentix Medical CGNT 1.140.5976 1.18 385Rosetta Genomics ROSG 1.140.1690 386Durect Corp DRRX 1.1451 1.26 387WRIGHT MEDICAL G WMGIZ 1.151 1.24 388Asia Entertainme IKGH 1.15 1.13 4.93 389Porter Bancorp I PBIB 1.15 1.12 3.34 390CymaBay Therapeu CBAY 1.1540.9 1.25 391凯普斯通涡轮CPST 1.16 1.16 1.23 392APPLIED DNA SCIE APDNW 1.161 1.77 393Aehr Test System AEHR 1.17 1.08 1.22 394MagneGas Corp MNGA 1.171 1.19 395Biocept Inc BIOC 1.17 1.15 1.36 396Siebert Financia SIEB 1.17250.8352 1.57 397Marrone Bio Inno MBII 1.17660.95 1.21 398Town Sports Inte CLUB 1.180.814 399Zhone Technologi ZHNE 1.190.820 400Wheeler Real Est WHLR 1.19 1.1 1.39 401ProPhase Labs In PRPH 1.190.01 1.24 402RiceBran Technol RIBT 1.2 1.19 5.5 403Capnia Inc CAPN 1.221 1.44 404奥瑞金种业SEED 1.221 1.5 405MEI Pharma Inc MEIP 1.22 1.2 1.28 406Galectin Therape GALT 1.2215 1.15 1.3 407Pluristem Therap PSTI 1.23 1.190408WPCS Internation WPCS 1.24 1.21 1.25 409研控科技（集团）RCON 1.25 1.15 1.88 410Netlist Inc NLST 1.261 1.69 411第一电台ROIAK 1.27 1.12 1.6 412汉广厦房地产HGSH 1.2701 1.25 5.47 413克莱瑞恩CLSN 1.275 1.25 2.05 414中国信息技术有限CNIT 1.2799 1.17 1.3 415Eltek Ltd ELTK 1.294 1.01 1.27 416XTL Biopharmaceu XTLB 1.30.88 1.48 417海格离岸材料HERO 1.3 1.26 1.69 418CYREN Ltd CYRN 1.3 1.01 1.9 419威斯廷二号不动产VRTB 1.30.53200000 420第一电台ROIA 1.310.01 1.32 421Nova Lifestyle I NVFY 1.320.75 1.45 422Corbus Pharmaceu CRBP 1.33 1.15 1.49 423Astrotech Corp ASTC 1.330.01 2.3 424中国风能技术有限CLNT 1.33990.01 1.6 425千兆微波GIGA 1.34 1.01 1.43 426飞康软件FALC 1.34 1.32 1.88 427Pingtan Marine E PME 1.350.520 428巴拉德动力系统BLDP 1.36 1.2 1.39 429Legacy Reserves LGCYO 1.36 1.17 3.5 430Legacy Reserves LGCYP 1.36 1.3611.29 431珠海炬力集成电路ACTS 1.36 1.3 1.7 432Orion Energy Sys OESX 1.360.82 2.75 433Central Federal CFBK 1.36 1.29 1.44 434Truett-Hurst Inc THST 1.36560.75 2.55 435SAExploration Ho SAEX 1.370.01 1.41 436SMTC Corp SMTX 1.3810 437香港德卫集团DSWL 1.38 1.11 1.42 438恒异电子国际公司BNSO 1.380.01 2.43 439Merus Labs Inter MSLI 1.39730.01 3.37 440Ocean Power Tech OPTT 1.4 1.110 441CELGENE CORPORAT CELGZ 1.41 1.1 2.99 442Sequenom Inc SQNM 1.42 1.15 1.5 443Harvard Apparatu HART 1.420.87 1.43 444Morgans Hotel Gr MHGC 1.440.7113 1.54 445阿玛琳AMRN 1.44 1.4 1.55 446TransGlobe Energ TGA 1.449 1.2 3.41 447Vertex Energy In VTNR 1.4494 1.220 448福沃德工业FORD 1.46 1.16 1.65 449凹凸科技OIIM 1.46 1.41 1.67 450Limelight Networ LLNW 1.460.8210 451Medovex Corp MDVX 1.47 1.13 4.08 452Full House Resor FLL 1.470.75 1.9 453麦特波利斯材料MBLX 1.4799 1.43 1.49 454居里CRIS 1.48 1.2 1.64 455NeuroMetrix Inc NURO 1.49 1.425 456Ritter Pharmaceu RTTR 1.4926 1.330 457Acasti Pharma In ACST 1.50.342 458阿米瑞斯公司AMRS 1.5 1.5 2.1459Vermillion Inc VRML 1.51 1.530 460Live Ventures In LIVE 1.5199 1.41 1.57 461百老汇金融BYFC 1.520.01 1.59 462阿里那制药公司ARNA 1.525 1.51 1.53 463Streamline Healt STRM 1.5297 1.20 464快辑半导体QUIK 1.530.59 2.5 465DS Healthcare Gr DSKX 1.53 1.5 1.82 466Emmis Communicat EMMSP 1.5401 1.15 6.96 467亚太电线电缆股份APWC 1.55 1.11 1.6 468Akers Bioscience AKER 1.55 1.14 2.75 469Diversified Rest SAUC 1.550.01 1.65 470美国全球投资者GROW 1.550.718 471Solazyme Inc SZYM 1.555 1.32 2.5 472Benitec Biopharm BNTC 1.56 1.3 1.68 473燃料技术FTEK 1.57 1.55 2.2 474阿拉斯加通信系统ALSK 1.57 1.4 2.25 475瑞立集团有限公司SORL 1.58 1.4 2.43 476OpGen Inc OPGN 1.59980.610 477Sphere 3D Corp ANY 1.6 1.49 1.65 478Biota Pharmaceut BOTA 1.6155 1.55 4.5 479阿尔克科技ARCW 1.62 1.37 2.36 480Bind Therapeutic BIND 1.63 1.4 1.89 481中国九洲大药房CJJD 1.638 1.343 482National America NAUH 1.6432 1.134 483Addvantage Techn AEY 1.65 1.58 2.23 484Novatel Wireless MIFI 1.65 1.5 5.18 485德海尔医疗DHRM 1.650.9 2.38 486CryoPort Inc CYRX 1.650.01 5.52 487CAS医疗CASM 1.65 1.51 4.93 488COPsync Inc COYN 1.66070.01 1.9 489Determine Inc DTRM 1.68 1.51 3.58 490YOU On Demand Ho YOD 1.7 1.48 2.65 491锡安银行ZIONW 1.7 1.59.26 492海湾资源GURE 1.7 1.55 1.75 493汉普顿银行HMPR 1.7 1.56 1.75 494康斯托克住宅建筑CHCI 1.705120 495Viking Therapeut VKTX 1.71 1.378.3 496Dynasil Corp of DYSL 1.71 1.32 2.66 497美国IDSA 1.7101 1.31 2.25 498Medigus Ltd MDGS 1.71010.01 1.87 499LRAD Corp LRAD 1.72 1.582 500BOS科技BOSC 1.73 1.55 3.71 501Pieris Pharmaceu PIRS 1.73 1.41 1.99 502MYOS Corp MYOS 1.74 1.42 4.3 503Performant Finan PFMT 1.74 1.65 2.85 504InfoSonics Corp IFON 1.750.25 2.1 505Erickson Inc EAC 1.751 2.2 506易达控股CNYD 1.75 1.66 4.48 507Jaguar Animal He JAGX 1.76 1.41 3.25 508BioLife Solution BLFS 1.76 1.55 2.28 509OncoSec Medical ONCS 1.76110510Athersys Inc ATHX 1.765 1.77 1.8 511Aemetis Inc AMTX 1.78 1.293 512麦迪实软件MLNK 1.78 1.373 513Synacor Inc SYNC 1.78 1.66 2.07 514Harris & Harris TINY 1.79 1.644 515锡安石油和天然气ZN 1.791 2.3 516Code Rebel Corp CDRB 1.79 1.21 2.78 517Wi-LAN Inc WILN 1.8 1.2 4.98 518EV能源合作伙伴EVEP 1.8 1.79 1.83 519Sophiris Bio Inc SPHS 1.8 1.75 2.7 520Bio-Path Holding BPTH 1.81 1.77 1.84 521CPS Technologies CPSH 1.81 1.73 1.84 522Inventergy Globa INVT 1.8101 1.73 1.83 523Fate Therapeutic FATE 1.815 1.8 1.9 524康特科技CAMT 1.82 1.72 1.9 525Broadwind Energy BWEN 1.82 1.588 526井寺制药IDRA 1.83 1.82 1.86 527邦顿百货BONT 1.8301 1.7 1.91 528江苏华瑞服装有限EVK 1.84 1.72 1.85 529CTC传媒CTCM 1.845 1.83 1.88 530Westport Innovat WPRT 1.85 1.75 2.25 531Summer Infant In SUMR 1.85 1.34 2.75 532Conatus Pharmace CNAT 1.854 1.7 2.69 533疼痛治疗PTIE 1.87 1.75 3.5 534ReachLocal Inc RLOC 1.88 1.750 535女性健康FHCO 1.895 1.8 2.08 536Euroseas Ltd ESEA 1.90.01 3.34 537斯凯网络科技有限MOBI 1.9 1.77 2.4 538亚洲娱乐博彩公司EGT 1.91 1.3 2.08 539高平电子KOPN 1.92 1.78 1.94 540Enphase Energy I ENPH 1.93 1.75 1.97 541Resonant Inc RESN 1.95 1.45 4.6 542Novogen Ltd NVGN 1.95 1.890 543美国像素PXLW 1.950.39 6.99 544Rentech Inc RTK 1.96 1.65 3.59 545Vericel Corp VCEL 1.9625 1.11 2.03 546Cerulean Pharma CERU 1.97 1.74 4.5 547Arqule Inc ARQL 1.981 2.7 548Semler Scientifi SMLR 1.99 1.68 4.3 549Fusion Telecommu FSNN2 1.8 2.65 550Cartesian Inc CRTN2 1.81 2.2 551宾夕法尼亚皇家银RBPAA 2.01 1.67.3 552Covisint Corp COVS 2.01 1.98 2.1 553Vanguard Natural VNR 2.015 1.860 554Memorial Product MEMP 2.02 1.65 2.51 555普拉格能源PLUG 2.02 1.60 556第九城市NCTY 2.0299 1.95 2.38 557Discovery Labora DSCO 2.05 1.88 2.3 558Payment Data Sys PYDS 2.06 2.04 2.35 559DragonWave Inc DRWI 2.06 1.89 2.18 560美国超微公司AMD 2.065 2.05 2.07561Micronet Enertec MICT 2.065 2.01 3.05 562ModSys Internati MDSY 2.0710.01200000 563Cemtrex Inc CETX 2.0817 2.01 2.38 564奥星制药BSPM 2.09 1.5 2.59 565拜尔斯普保健BIOS 2.095 1.38 2.16 566Northwest Biothe NWBO 2.1 1.90 567高斯电子KOSS 2.1 1.96 2.4 568Cancer Genetics CGIX 2.1 2.03 2.3 569Catalyst Bioscie CBIO 2.1 1.52 3.99 570Genetic Technolo GENE 2.1 1.69 2.34 571Data I/O Corp DAIO 2.1 2.05 2.38 572Ocean Bio-Chem I OBCI 2.11 1.98 3.99 573Aurinia Pharmace AUPH 2.12 1.61 2.99 574VBI Vaccines Inc VBIV 2.1375 1.95 4.58 575UT斯达康UTSI 2.15 1.95 2.18 576Bellerophon Ther BLPH 2.150123 577讴歌制药公司ACUR 2.1599 1.84 2.52 578Pangaea Logistic PANL 2.160.01 2.49 579Zynga公司ZNGA 2.16 2.11 2.4 580Immunomedics Inc IMMU 2.18 1.92 2.21 581Pernix Therapeut PTX 2.18 1.81 4.06 582单片机微系统INVE 2.181 1.59 2.45 583Intermolecular I IMI 2.19 2.17 2.2 584Celator Pharmace CPXX 2.192 2.19 585BioCryst制药BCRX 2.2 2.12 2.45 586ITUS Corp ITUS 2.20.01200000 587Leading Brands I LBIX 2.210.01200000 588LightPath Techno LPTH 2.212 4.09 589Top Image System TISA 2.22 1.85 2.61 590Optical Cable Co OCC 2.23 2.12 4.09 591Lantheus Holding LNTH 2.24 1.68 5.5 592CounterPath Corp CPAH 2.240.01 4.5 593Alimera Sciences ALIM 2.25 1.85 3.25 594Perion Network L PERI 2.25 2.05 2.66 595Schmitt Industri SMIT 2.260.010 596Full Circle Capi FULL 2.26 2.15 2.65 597Cnova NV CNV 2.26 1.845 598Intersections In INTX 2.26 2.247.22 599Marathon Patent MARA 2.28 2.02 3.4 600Brainstorm Cell BCLI 2.29 1.98 2.6 601Capricor Therape CAPR 2.328.24 602Zosano Pharma Co ZSAN 2.3 1.493 603Opexa Therapeuti OPXA 2.312 1.650 604Tenax Therapeuti TENX 2.32 1.84 2.98 605Rigel Pharmaceut RIGL 2.32 2.11 2.66 606Fibrocell Scienc FCSC 2.332 2.49 607WMIH Corp WMIH 2.34 2.2 2.87 608Innodata Inc INOD 2.35 1.7 2.48 609Staffing 360 Sol STAF 2.360.010 610Abeona Therapeut ABEO 2.38 2.05 2.4 611豪鹏国际集团HPJ 2.39 1.96 2.81612Naked Brand Grou NAKD 2.4 1.71 2.74 613Perfumania Holdi PERF 2.4 1.45 2.9 614Gordmans商店GMAN 2.4 2.297.77 615思维终端科技MNDO 2.4 1.95 2.66 616Histogenics Corp HSGX 2.41 1.416 617商用汽车CVGI 2.43 2.01 2.54 618QLT Inc QLTI 2.43 2.4 2.74 619Solar3D Inc SLTD 2.442 2.75 620比克电池CBAK 2.452 3.95 621林肯教育服务LINC 2.45 2.2 2.88 622National Holding NHLD 2.461 2.64 623Clean Energy Fue CLNE 2.47 2.4 2.52 624LINDBLAD EXPEDIT LINDW 2.48 1.4499.99 625Central European CETV 2.49 2.06 2.9 626Amedica Corp AMDA 2.49 2.37 2.5 627创新软件ISSC 2.49 2.28 3.7 628Eco-Stim Energy ESES 2.50.01 4.34 629Vringo Inc VRNG 2.5 2.4 3.02 630Neonode Inc NEON 2.5 2.06 2.73 631Seanergy Maritim SHIP 2.50350.010 632Axcelis科技设计ACLS 2.51 2.37 2.57 633Stanley Furnitur STLY 2.51 1.890 634职业教育CECO 2.515 2.52 2.68 635杰龙GERN 2.52 2.34 2.52 636环球实业GLBL 2.53 2.54 2.64 637SteadyMed Ltd STDY 2.54 2.09 2.5 638奥德赛海洋探索OMEX 2.55 2.250 639DEL TACO RESTAUR TACOW 2.550.5 6.23 640Internap网络服务INAP 2.55 2.114 641Iteris Inc ITI 2.55 1.86 3.27 642AXT Inc AXTI 2.55 2.25 2.8 643Burcon NutraScie BUR 2.574 2.09 2.6 644Array生物制药ARRY 2.59 2.55 2.64 645JetPay Corp JTPY 2.6 2.55 4.27 646汉森医疗HNSN 2.6 2.7 2.81 647Radisys Corp RSYS 2.6 2.150 648ESSA Pharma Inc EPIX 2.60.01 2.78 649阿罗特克ARTX 2.62 2.6 2.64 650Crossroads Capit XRDC 2.6498 2.50 651Technical Commun TCCO 2.67030.01 4.76 652赛特科科技CYTR 2.682 2.76 653鑫达集团CXDC 2.69 1.98 3.38 654天华阳光SKYS 2.7 2.5 4.36 655Tonix Pharmaceut TNXP 2.7 2.17 3.61 656Hudson Global In HSON 2.7 2.63 3.5 657The One Group Ho STKS 2.710.010 658Nymox Pharmaceut NYMX 2.73 2.060 659Planet Payment I PLPM 2.73 2.24 3.15 660Pulmatrix Inc PULM 2.73990.018.88 661OHA Investment C OHAI 2.74 2.53 4.68 662科尔伯格资本KCAP 2.75 2.74 2.98663Insignia Systems ISIG 2.75 2.51 3.59 664莱姆能源LIME 2.77 2.76100000 665IntelliPharmaCeu IPCI 2.78 2.01 3.3 666哈佛生物科学HBIO 2.780.35 3.8 667pSivida Corp PSDV 2.78 2.70 668Bio Blast Pharma ORPN 2.7899 2.130 669Sears Canada Inc SRSC 2.79 2.760 670Applied DNA Scie APDN 2.8 2.3 3.11 671TOP Ships Inc TOPS 2.8 2.78 3.46 672Epirus Biopharma EPRS 2.8 2.147.89 673极速网络EXTR 2.805 2.76 2.89 674SITO Mobile Ltd SITO 2.81 1.93 3.16 675U S Auto Parts N PRTS 2.8110.50 676Dynatronics Corp DYNT 2.820.01 4.2 677Hovnanian Enterp HOVNP 2.82 2.75 2.95 678Arcadia Bioscien RKDA 2.82 1.74 3.31 679Kitov Pharmaceut KTOV 2.825 2.82 2.87 680图像传感系统ISNS 2.8342 2.03 4.59 681Aptose Bioscienc APTO 2.84 1.86 4.29 682Jason Industries JASN 2.85 2.79 3.67 683艾吉纳斯公司AGEN 2.85 2.76 2.98 684Parnell Pharmace PARN 2.868 2.69 3.21 685艾茨克普EZPW 2.87 2.38 3.37 686维视图像MVIS 2.88 2.4 3.56 687Aradigm Corp ARDM 2.91 3.01 5.47 688PDL BioPharma In PDLI 2.93 2.5 3.45 689Fuling Global In FORK 2.94 2.71 3.5 690EXFO Inc EXFO 2.98 2.840 691Fortess Biotech FBIO 2.98 2.113 692阿卡西亚ACTG 2.985 2.85 3.3 693Ocera Therapeuti OCRX 2.99 2.15 4.88 694Pro-Dex Inc PDEX 3.0011 2.75 3.02 695美国电力技术AETI 3.0064 2.16 696Arbutus Biopharm ABUS 3.01 2.92 3.25 697Atlanticus Holdi ATLC 3.0101 3.01 3.5 698依特钠AEZS 3.02 2.95 3.15 699自流资源ARTW 3.0240.01 5.99 700Anthera制药ANTH 3.032 3.24 701和信超媒体公司GIGM 3.04 2.01 6.79 702Endocyte Inc ECYT 3.043 3.05 703QuinStreet Inc QNST 3.05 2.54 3.61 704谐波HLIT 3.05 2.52 3.21 705Sizmek Inc SZMK 3.06 2.53 3.6 706Bazaarvoice Inc BV 3.065 2.53 3.28 707HTG Molecular Di HTGM 3.07 1.7414 708斯蒂加斯海运GASS 3.08 2.75 3.5 709Pioneer Power So PPSI 3.090.01200000 710AmeriServ Financ ASRV 3.11 3.01 4.2 711西班牙广播系统SBSA 3.120.1 6.2 712Xtera Communicat XCOM 3.12 3.24 3.3 713欧陆科仪控股有限CLWT 3.12010.01 5.05714Ignite Restauran IRG 3.16 2.34 3.9 715GRAVITY Co Ltd GRVY 3.16990.01 5.5 716信息服务III 3.19 2.99 3.32 717DLH Holdings Cor DLHC 3.19 2.910 718Cerecor Inc CERC 3.1970.01200000 719PARAGON SHIPPING PRGNL 3.20.010 720Fifth Street Ass FSAM 3.2 2.93 3.75 721哈德森科技HDSN 3.21 2.93 5.5 722Ohr Pharmaceutic OHRP 3.21 2.56 3.45 723克瑞拓斯安全防卫KTOS 3.255 3.04 3.45 724Virco Manufactur VIRC 3.27 2.99 3.75 725Affimed NV AFMD 3.28 2.05 3.47 726Jive Software In JIVE 3.2853 3.85 727Sajan Inc SAJA 3.2899 2.16200000 728Chemocentryx Inc CCXI 3.29 3.27 4.98 729ADVAXIS Inc WARR ADXSW 3.3 3.12 3.73 730Check-Cap Ltd CHEK 3.30.01 5.14 731卡弗储蓄CARV 3.30990.01 4.4 732Great Lakes Dred GLDD 3.31 2.74 3.89 733Capital Product CPLP 3.31 3.25 3.85 734Derma Sciences I DSCI 3.31 2.74 5.22 735ContraFect Corp CFRX 3.32 3.22 4.99 736MobileIron Inc MOBL 3.320.8 4.44 737Nexvet Biopharma NVET 3.33 2.120 738Empire Resources ERS 3.34 3.33 3.92 739Aratana Therapeu PETX 3.34 3.32 3.69 740米奇汗姆租赁MIND 3.36 2.65 3.4 741Coffee Holding C JVA 3.36 2.5 4.5 742塞诺米克斯SNMX 3.43 3.99 743上为集团SGOC 3.4 2.79 3.72 744TROVAGENE Inc WA TROVW 3.4 2.6 5.5 745Synergy Pharmace SGYP 3.405 3.3 3.98 746Connecture Inc CNXR 3.41 2.01 4.45 747道森地探DWSN 3.43 2.82 3.49 748Vascular Biogeni VBLT 3.43 2.7514.99 749Rocket Fuel Inc FUEL 3.44 3.25 3.53 750克利夫兰生物实验CBLI 3.46 2.75 3.9 751Kamada Ltd KMDA 3.47 3.48200000 752Cowen Group Inc COWN 3.47 3.13 3.5 753Aixtron SE AIXG 3.49 1.03 4.97 754RTI医疗设备RTIX 3.5 3.050 755Huttig Building HBP 3.51 3.17 3.75 756Evoke Pharma Inc EVOK 3.53 2.24 3.75 757Spartan Motors I SPAR 3.58 2.970 758Mattson Technolo MTSN 3.585 3.3 3.85 759Till Capital Ltd TIL 3.63200000 760Skullcandy Inc SKUL 3.6 3.15 4.23 761方舟生物医药ABIO 3.6 2.31 3.72 762Oasmia Pharmaceu OASM 3.62 3.620 763Intec Pharma Ltd NTEC 3.63 3.40 764VimpelCom Ltd VIP 3.63 3.3 4.64765克律克斯生物制药KERX 3.63 3.49 3.62 766哈钦森科技HTCH 3.63 3.62 4.26 767Mountain Provinc MDM 3.63 1.53 3.65 768MeetMe Inc MEET 3.64 3.5 4.44 769Achaogen Inc AKAO 3.65 3.14 5.11 770恩维亚策略ONVI 3.660.010 771AcelRx Pharmaceu ACRX 3.665 3.22 3.94 772比斯利广播集团BBGI 3.68 3.154 773TOR Minerals Int TORM 3.6849 3.45 5.88 774Sirius XM Holdin SIRI 3.69 3.43 3.95 775Raptor Pharmaceu RPTP 3.69 3.254 776WSI Industries I WSCI 3.6950.01 3.71 777SharpSpring Inc SHSP 3.6999 3.130 778卡迪卡医疗CRDC 3.7056 3.710 779PRGX Global Inc PRGX 3.71 3.07 4.38 780Genocea Bioscien GNCA 3.72 3.3 4.5 781Qumu Corp QUMU 3.7301 1.779.99 782Aldeyra Therapeu ALDX 3.7323 2.4314.5 783Pershing Gold Co PGLC 3.77 3.26200 784Peak Resorts Inc SKIS 3.77 3.450 785广船国际技术GSIT 3.78 3.13 4.45 786Biondvax Pharmac BVXV 3.7848 3.53200000 787Pacific Ethanol PEIX 3.79 3.2 4.45 788Trans World Ente TWMC 3.8 3.3 4.4 789奥迪富斯VOXX 3.8 3.130 790BioDelivery科学BDSI 3.805 3.75 3.99 791佩尔马福克斯环境PESI 3.810.4 4.25 792麦考林MCOX 3.81 3.72 3.92 793RealNetworks Inc RNWK 3.82 3.17 4.5 794艾卫公司AWRE 3.82 2.717.5 795Titan Pharmaceut TTNP 3.83 3.340 796Kindred Bioscien KIN 3.832 4.4 797Glu移动GLUU 3.845 3.92 3.96 798伊克力西斯EXEL 3.85 3.6 3.92 799RF Industries Lt RFIL 3.8585 3.717.95 800Corcept医疗CORT 3.86 2.35 5.3 801ServiceSource In SREV 3.865 3.190 802CafePress Inc PRSS 3.87 3.3222 803吉来特卫星网络GILT 3.88 3.8 3.94 804公路控股HIHO 3.8801 3.99 4.45 805eGain Corp EGAN 3.89 3.83 6.2 806Remark Media Inc MARK 3.89 3.6 3.93 807全美科技USAT 3.89 3.170 808Global Self Stor SELF 3.8999 3.2 4.03 809Neovasc Inc NVCN 3.93 3.85 4.02 810Strongbridge Bio SBBP 3.94 2.9917.89 811Cordia Bancorp I BVA 3.96 3.96 4.25 812Arrowhead Resear ARWR 3.96 3.7 3.95 813波士顿金融控股BPFHW 3.96 3.25 5.45 814恋上餐厅GTIM 3.97 3.29 4.7 815Xplore Technolog XPLR 3.980.01200000816纽约抵押信托NYMT 3.99 3.50 817Yulong Eco-Mater YECO 3.99 3.54 3.99 818ClearSign Combus CLIR42 4.02 819Zix Corp ZIXI4 3.290 820Argos Therapeuti ARGS 4.01 4.06 4.12 821曼哈顿大桥投资股LOAN 4.01 3.410 822通用金融GFN 4.01 2.885 823Tecogen Inc TGEN 4.02 3.48.4 824Mirna Therapeuti MIRN 4.03 4.028 825Nortech Systems NSYS 4.040.01 5.88 826Codexis Inc CDXS 4.06 3.33 4.28 827海洋石油投资MARPS 4.0631 3.33200000 828共和国第一万通金FRBK 4.075 3.8 4.6 829ARI Network Serv ARIS 4.08 2.89 4.26 830The Joint Corp JYNT 4.09 3.61 4.45 831Imprimis Pharmac IMMY 4.1 4.02 5.21 832马加尔安全系统MAGS 4.12 2.13 5.95 833Consumer Portfol CPSS 4.13 3.98 4.67 834S&W Seed Co SANW 4.18 3.45 4.93 835Shiloh Industrie SHLO 4.205 3.480 836黑钻户外BDE 4.21 3.75 4.95 837ADMA Biologics I ADMA 4.21 4.213.88 838Edap TMS SA EDAP 4.22 3.47 5.75 839编号系统IDSY 4.22 2.85 5.44 840CombiMatrix Corp CBMX 4.228 4.18 5.5 841Marchex Inc MCHX 4.23 2.81 4.36 842Marinus Pharmace MRNS 4.26 2.730 843Voltari Corp VLTC 4.2740 844中国汽车系统股份CAAS 4.274 5.95 845VirtualScopics I VSCP 4.27 4.26 4.95 846奥科AUDC 4.29 3.75 5.02 847美国大西洋AAME 4.29 4.13200000 848Riverview Bancor RVSB 4.2967 3.86 5.55 849Tetraphase Pharm TTPH 4.33 3.33 5.93 850因特瓦克IVAC 4.33 4.055 851Fuel Systems Sol FSYS 4.36 3.61 4.93 852icad Inc ICAD 4.36 3.59 4.85 853Catabasis Pharma CATB 4.36 2.87 854新生ABCD 4.39 3.86 5.3 855Anavex Life Scie AVXL 4.4201 4.35 4.44 856莱博智科技LIOX 4.46 3.7 4.99 857XenoPort Inc XNPT 4.47 4.36 6.4 858Destination XL G DXLG 4.47 3.71 5.26 859赛安诺科技CYAN 4.474 5.28 860国家信息基础设施NIHD 4.48 4.31 4.64 861Groupon Inc GRPN 4.49 4.5 4.52 862Kura Oncology In KURA 4.5 3.74 5.09 863AgroFresh Soluti AGFS 4.5 2.83 4.54 864SuperCom Ltd SPCB 4.5 3.70 865Midatech Pharma MTP 4.550.01 6.4 866Rand Capital Cor RAND 4.55 4.3 5.86。
奥巴马讲话——全球金融危机一周年祭
Full text of Obama's financial address'We will not go back to days of reckless behavior and unchecked excess 'Thank you all for being here and for your warm welcome. It's a privilege to be inhistoric Federal Hall. It was here more than two centuries ago that our first Congress served and our first President was inaugurated. It was here, in the early days of our Republic, that Hamilton and Jefferson debated how best to administer a young economy and to ensure that our nation rewarded the talents and drive of its people. Two centuries later, we still grapple with these questions - questions made more acute in moments of crisis.It was one year ago that we experienced just such a crisis. As investors and pension-holders watched with dread and dismay, and after a series of emergency meetings often conducted in the dead of the night, several of the world's largest and oldest financial institutions had fallen, either bankrupt, bought, or bailed out: Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, AIG, Washington Mutual, Wachovia. A week before this began, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had been taken over by the government. Other large firms teetered on the brink of insolvency. Credit markets froze as banks refused to lend not only to families and businesses but to one another. Five trillion dollars of Americans' household wealth evaporated in the span of just three months.Congress and the previous administration took difficult but necessary action in the days and months that followed. Nevertheless, when this administration walked through the door in January, the situation remained urgent. The markets had fallen sharply; credit was not flowing. It was feared that the largest banks - those that remained standing - had too little capital and far too much exposure to risky loans. And the consequences had spread far beyond the streets of lower Manhattan. This was no longer just a financial crisis; it had become a full-blown economic crisis, with home prices sinking, businesses struggling to access affordable credit, and the economy shedding an average of 700,000 jobs each month.We could not separate what was happening in the corridors of our financial institutions from what was happening on factory floors and around kitchen tables. Home foreclosures linked those who took out home loans and those who repackaged those loans as securities. A lack of access to affordable credit threatened the health of large firms and small businesses, as well as all those whose jobs depended on them. And a weakened financial system weakened the broader economy, which in turn further weakened the financial system.The only way to address successfully any of these challenges was to address them together, and so this administration - with terrific leadership by my Treasury Secretary, Tim Geithner, as well the Chair of my Council of Economic Advisers, Christy Romer, and the Chair of the National Economic Council, Larry Summers - moved quickly on all fronts, initializing a financial stability plan to rescue the system from the crisis and restart lending for all those affected by the crisis. By opening and examining the books of large financial firms, we helped restore the availability of two things that had been in short supply: capital and confidence. By taking aggressive and innovative steps in credit markets, we spurred lending not just to banks, but to folks looking to buy homes or cars, take out student loans, orfinance small businesses. Our home ownership plan has helped responsible homeowners refinance to stem the tide of lost homes and lost home values.And the recovery plan is providing help to the unemployed and tax relief for working families, all while spurring consumer spending. It's prevented layoffs of tens of thousands of teachers, police officers, and other essential public servants. And thousands of recovery projects are underway all across America, putting people to work building wind turbines and solar panels, renovating schools and hospitals, and repairing our nation's roads and bridges.Eight months later, the work of recovery continues. And although I will never besatisfied while people are out of work and our financial system is weakened, we can be confident that the storms of the past two years are beginning to break.In fact, while there continues to be a need for government involvement to stabilize the financial system, that necessity is waning. After months in which public dollars were flowing into our financial system, we are finally beginning to see money flowing back to the taxpayers. This doesn't mean taxpayers will escape the worst financial crisis in decades unscathed. But banks have repaid more than $70 billion, and in those cases where the government's stake has been sold completely, taxpayers have actually earned a 17-percent return on their investment. Just a few months ago, many experts from across the ideological spectrum feared that ensuring financial stability would require even more tax dollars. Instead, we've been able to eliminate a $250 billion reserve included in our budget because that fear has not been realized.While full recovery of the financial system will take a great deal more time and work, the growing stability resulting from these interventions means we are beginning to return to normalcy. But what I want to emphasize is this: normalcy cannot lead to complacency.Unfortunately, there are some in the financial industry who are misreading this moment. Instead of learning the lessons of Lehman and the crisis from which we are still recovering, they are choosing to ignore them. They do so not just at their own peril, but at ournation's. So I want them to hear my words: We will not go back to the days of reckless behavior and unchecked excess at the heart of this crisis, where too many were motivated only by the appetite for quick kills and bloated bonuses. Those on Wall Street cannot resume taking risks without regard for consequences, and expect that next time, American taxpayers will be there to break their fall.That's why we need strong rules of the road to guard against the kind of systemic risks we have seen. And we have a responsibility to write and enforce these rules to protect consumers of financial products, taxpayers, and our economy as a whole. Yes, they must be developed in a way that does not stifle innovation and enterprise. And we want to work with the financial industry to achieve that end. But the old ways that led to this crisis cannot stand. And to the extent that some have so readily returned to them underscores the need for change and change now. History cannot be allowed to repeat itself.Instead, we are calling on the financial industry to join us in a constructive effort to update the rules and regulatory structure to meet the challenges of this new century. That iswhat my administration seeks to do. We have sought ideas and input from industry leaders, policy experts, academics, consumer advocates, and the broader public. And we've worked closely with leaders in the Senate and House, including Senators Chris Dodd and Richard Shelby, and Congressman Barney Frank, who are now working to pass regulatory reform through Congress.Taken together, we are proposing the most ambitious overhaul of the financial system since the Great Depression. But I want to emphasize that these reforms are rooted in a simple principle: we ought to set clear rules of the road that promote transparency and accountability. That's how we'll make certain that markets foster responsibility, not recklessness, and reward those who compete honestly and vigorously within the system, instead of those who try to game the system.Protecting consumersFirst, we're proposing new rules to protect consumers and a new Consumer Financial Protection Agency to enforce those rules. This crisis was not just the result of decisions made by the mightiest of financial firms. It was also the result of decisions made by ordinary Americans to open credit cards and take on mortgages. And while there were many who took out loans they knew they couldn't afford, there were also millions of Americans who signed contracts they didn't fully understand offered by lenders who didn't always tell the truth.This is in part because there is no single agency charged with making sure it doesn't happen. That is what we'll change. The Consumer Financial Protection Agency will have the power to ensure that consumers get information that is clear and concise, and to prevent the worst kinds of abuses. Consumers shouldn't have to worry about loan contracts designed to be unintelligible, hidden fees attached to their mortgages, and financial penalties - whether through a credit card or debit card - that appear without warning on their statements. And responsible lenders, including community banks, doing the right thing shouldn't have to worry about ruinous competition from unregulated competitors.Now there are those who are suggesting that somehow this will restrict the choices available to consumers. Nothing could be further from the truth. The lack of clear rules in the past meant we had innovation of the wrong kind: the firm that could make its products look best by doing the best job of hiding the real costs won. For example, we had "teaser" rates on credit cards and mortgages that lured people in and then surprised them with big rate increases. By setting ground rules, we'll increase the kind of competition that actually provides people better and greater choices, as companies compete to offer the best product, not the one that's most complex or confusing.Second, we've got to close the loopholes that were at the heart of the crisis. Where there were gaps in the rules, regulators lacked the authority to take action. Where there were overlaps, regulators often lacked accountability for inaction. These weaknesses in oversight engendered systematic, and systemic, abuse.Under existing rules, some companies can actually shop for the regulator of their choice- and others, like hedge funds, can operate outside of the regulatory system altogether.We've seen the development of financial instruments, like derivatives and credit default swaps, without anyone examining the risks or regulating all of the players. And we've seen lenders profit by providing loans to borrowers who they knew would never repay, because the lender offloaded the loan and the consequences to someone else. Those who refuse to game the system are at a disadvantage.Now, one of the main reasons this crisis could take place is that many agencies and regulators were responsible for oversight of individual financial firms and their subsidiaries, but no one was responsible for protecting the whole system. In other words, regulators were charged with seeing the trees, but not the forest. And even then, some firms that posed a "systemic risk" were not regulated as strongly as others, exploiting loopholesin the system to take on greater risk with less scrutiny. As a result, the failure of onefirm threatened the viability of many others. We were facing one of the largest financial crises in history and those responsible for oversight were caught off guard and without the authority to act.That's why we'll create clear accountability and responsibility for regulating large financial firms that pose a systemic risk. While holding the Federal Reserve fully accountable for regulation of the largest, most interconnected firms, we'll create an oversight council to bring together regulators from across markets to share information, to identify gaps in regulation, and to tackle issues that don't fit neatly into anorganizational chart. We'll also require these financial firms to meet stronger capital and liquidity requirements and observe greater constraints on their risky behavior. That's one of the lessons of the past year. The only way to avoid a crisis of this magnitude is to ensure that large firms can't take risks that threaten our entire financial system, and to make sure they have the resources to weather even the worst of economic storms.Even as we've proposed safeguards to make the failure of large and interconnected firms less likely, we've also proposed creating what's called "resolution authority" in the event that such a failure happens and poses a threat to the stability of the financial system. This is intended to put an end to the idea that some firms are "too big to fail." For a market to function, those who invest and lend in that market must believe that their money is actually at risk. And the system as a whole isn't safe until it is safe from the failure of any individual institution.If a bank approaches insolvency, we have a process through the FDIC that protects depositors and maintains confidence in the banking system. This process was created during the Great Depression when the failure of one bank led to runs on other banks, which in turn threatened the banking system. And it works. Yet we don't have any kind of process in place to contain the failure of a Lehman Brothers or AIG or any of the largest and most interconnected financial firms in our country.That's why, when this crisis began, crucial decisions about what would happen to some of the world's biggest companies - companies employing tens of thousands of people and holding trillions of dollars in assets - took place in hurried discussions in the middle of thenight. And that's why we've had to rely on taxpayer dollars. The only resolution authority we currently have that would prevent a financial meltdown involved tapping the Federal Reserve or the federal treasury. With so much at stake, we should not be forced to choose between allowing a company to fall into a rapid and chaotic dissolution that threatens the economy and innocent people, or forcing taxpayers to foot the bill. Our plan would put the cost of a firm's failure on those who own its stock and loaned it money. And if taxpayers ever have to step in again to prevent a second Great Depression, the financial industry will have to pay the taxpayer back - every cent.Finally, we need to close the gaps that exist not just within this country but among countries. The United States is leading a coordinated response to promote recovery and to restore prosperity among both the world's largest economies and the world's fastest growing economies. At a summit in London in April, leaders agreed to work together in an unprecedented way to spur global demand but also to address the underlying problems that caused such a deep and lasting global recession. This work will continue next week in Pittsburgh when I convene the G20, which has proven to be an effective forum for coordinating policies among key developed and emerging economies and one that I see taking on an important role in the future.Essential to this effort is reforming what's broken in the global financial system - a system that links economies and spreads both rewards and risks. For we know that abuses in financial markets anywhere can have an impact everywhere; and just as gaps in domestic regulation lead to a race to the bottom, so too do gaps in regulation around the world. Instead, we need a global race to the top, including stronger capital standards, as I've called for today. As the United States is aggressively reforming our regulatory system, we will be working to ensure that the rest of the world does the same.New trade agreementsA healthy economy in the 21st Century also depends upon our ability to buy and sell goods in markets across the globe. And make no mistake, this administration is committed to pursuing expanded trade and new trade agreements. It is absolutely essential to our economic future. But no trading system will work if we fail to enforce our trade agreements. So when, as happened this weekend, we invoke provisions of existing agreements, we do so not to be provocative or to promote self-defeating protectionism. We do so because enforcing trade agreements is part and parcel of maintaining an open and free trading system.And just as we have to live up to our responsibilities on trade, we have to live up to our responsibilities on financial reform as well. I have urged leaders in Congress to pass regulatory reform this year and both Congressman Frank and Senator Dodd, who are leading this effort, have made it clear that that's what they intend to do. Now there will be those who defend the status quo. There will be those who argue we should do less or nothing at all. But to them I'd say only this: do you believe that the absence of sound regulation one year ago was good for the financial system? Do you believe the resulting decline in markets and wealth and employment was good for the economy? Or the American people?I've always been a strong believer in the power of the free market. I believe that jobs are best created not by government, but by businesses and entrepreneurs willing to take arisk on a good idea. I believe that the role of government is not to disparage wealth, but to expand its reach; not to stifle markets, but to provide the ground rules and level playing field that helps to make them more vibrant - and that will allow us to better tap thecreative and innovative potential of our people. For we know that it is the dynamism of our people that has been the source of America's progress and prosperity.So I certainly did not run for President to bail out banks or intervene in the capital markets. But it is important to note that the very absence of common-sense regulations able to keep up with a fast-paced financial sector is what created the need for that extraordinary intervention. The lack of sensible rules of the road, so often opposed by those who claim to speak for the free market, led to a rescue far more intrusive than anything any of us, Democrat or Republican, progressive or conservative, would have proposed or predicted.At the same time, what we must do now goes beyond just these reforms. For what took place one year ago was not merely a failure of regulation or legislation; it was not merely a failure of oversight or foresight. It was a failure of responsibility that allowed Washington to become a place where problems - including structural problems in our financial system -were ignored rather than solved. It was a failure of responsibility that led homebuyers and derivative traders alike to take reckless risks they couldn't afford. It was a collective failure of responsibility in Washington, on Wall Street, and across America that led to the near-collapse of our financial system one year ago.Restoring a willingness to take responsibility - even when it is hard - is at the heart of what we must do. Here on Wall Street, you have a responsibility. The reforms I've laid out will pass and these changes will become law. But one of the most important ways to rebuild the system stronger than before is to rebuild trust stronger than before - and you do not have to wait for a new law to do that. You don't have to wait to use plain language in your dealings with consumers. You don't have to wait to put the 2009 bonuses of your senior executives up for a shareholder vote. You don't have to wait for a law to overhaul your pay system so that folks are rewarded for long-term performance instead of short-term gains.The fact is, many of the firms that are now returning to prosperity owe a debt to the American people. Though they were not the cause of the crisis, American taxpayers through their government took extraordinary action to stabilize the financial industry. They shouldered the burden of the bailout and they are still bearing the burden of the fallout -in lost jobs, lost homes and lost opportunities. It is neither right nor responsible after you've recovered with the help of your government to shirk your obligation to the goal of wider recovery, a more stable system, and a more broadly shared prosperity.So I want to urge you to demonstrate that you take this obligation to heart. To put greater effort into helping families who need their mortgages modified under myadministration's homeownership plan. To help small business owners who desperately need loans and who are bearing the brunt of the decline in available credit. To help communities that would benefit from the financing you could provide, or the community development institutionsyou could support. To come up with creative approaches to improve financial education and to bring banking to those who live and work entirely outside the banking system. And, of course, to embrace serious financial reform, not fight it.Just as we are asking the private sector to think about the long term, Washington must as well. When my administration came through the door, we not only faced a financial crisis and costly recession, we also found waiting a trillion-dollar deficit. Yes, we have had to take extraordinary action in the wake of an extraordinary economic crisis. But I am committed to putting this nation on a sound and secure fiscal footing. That's why we're pushing to restore pay-as-you-go rules, because I will not go along with the old Washington ways which said it was OK to pass spending bills and tax cuts without a plan to pay for it. That's why we're cutting programs that don't work or are out of date. And that's why I've insisted that health insurance reform not add a dime to the deficit, now or in the future.There are those who would suggest that we must choose between markets unfettered by even the most modest of regulations - and markets weighed down by onerous regulations that suppress the spirit of enterprise and innovation. But if there is one lesson we can learn from the last year, it is that this is a false choice. Common-sense rules of the road do not hinder the markets but make them stronger. Indeed, they are essential to ensuring that our markets function, and function fairly and freely.One year ago, we saw in stark relief how markets can err; how a lack of common-sense rules can lead to excess and abuse; how close we can come to the brink. One year later, it is incumbent on us to put in place those reforms that will prevent this kind of crisis from ever happening again; that reflect the painful but important lessons we've learned; and that will help us move from a period of recklessness and crisis to one of responsibility and prosperity. That is what we must do. And I'm confident that is what we will do.Thank you.。
2014年1月美国经济学年会(贸易类专题)
PRELIMINARY PROGRAM OF THE ALLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATIONS JANUARY 3-5, 2014, PHILADELPHIA, PANOTE: Everyone must register for the meeting, including speakers.Please review your session(s) and let us know if you see anything that is amiss. Before making additions, please do a search to make sure you are not adding someone who is already scheduled at the same time.We realize that there are some conflicts with participants. This was unavoidable, and in such cases a co-author will have to present the paper. Changes and corrections should be sent to gwyn.p.loftis@.All sessions will be equipped with a projector and screen for your presentation. ASSA will not provide computers.Special Events listings are available here.Location of Sessions for 2014 in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaThe beginning and ending times of sessions is shown below, with the exception being on the last day of the meeting when the last time slot will run from 1:00 pm to 3:00 pm.8:00 am - 10:00 am10:15 am - 12:15 pm12:30 pm - 2:15 pm2:30 pm - 4:30 pmJan 03, 2014Jan 03, 2014 10:15 am, Pennsylvania Convention Center, 103-BAmerican Economic AssociationGains from Trade When Firms Matter (F1)Presiding: Pol Antras (Harvard University)Together at Last: Trade Costs, Demand Structure, and WelfarePeter Neary (University of Oxford)Monika Mrazova (University of Surrey)Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product SelectionGianmarco IP Ottaviano (London School of Economics)Welfare and Trade Without ParetoKeith Head (University of British Columbia and CEPR)Thierry Mayer (Sciences-Po)Mathias Thoenig (University of Lausanne and CEPR)Missing Gains From Trade?Marc J. Melitz (Harvard University)Stephen J. Redding (Princeton University)Discussants:Swati Dhingra (London School of Economics)Lorenzo Caliendo (Yale University)Jonathan Eaton (Pennsylvania State University)Gordon H. Hanson (University of California-San Diego)Jan 03, 2014 10:15 am, Loews Philadelphia Hotel, Congress BInternational Trade & Finance AssociationRound Table on Regionalism (F1) (Panel Discussion)Panel Moderator: Mordechai Kreinin (Michigan State University)Alan Deardorff (University of Michigan)Ronald Jones (University of Rochester)Anne Krueger (Johns Hopkins University)Michael Michaely (Hebrew University)Michael G. Plummer (Johns Hopkins University)Jan 03, 2014 12:30 pm, Philadelphia Marriott, Meeting Room 310Association of Indian Economics & Financial StudiesInternational Trade and Finance (F1)Presiding: Chandana Chakraborty (Montclair State University)India's Petroleum Demand: Empirical Estimation and Projections for the Future Pradeep Agarwal (Institute of Economic Growth)Trade Discontinuities and the Recovery of Margin of TradeUsha Nair-Reichert (Georgia Institute of Technology)Quota Expiration and the Geography of United States Textile & Apparel Imports: The Scale Economies and Vertical IntegrationAnusa Datta (Philadelphia University)Mikhail Kouliavtsev (Austin State University)Comparative Advantage as a Source of Exporters Pricing Power: Evidence from China & IndiaSushanta K. Mallick (Queen Mary University of London)Helena F. Marques (University of Belearic Islands)An Empirical Investigation of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP): The Case of Chinese YuanBansi Sawhney (University of Baltimore)Faith Mangir (Selcuk University)Kishore Kulkarni (Metropolitan State University-Denver)Globalization & the Evolution of Indian Financial MarketsRenu Kallianpur (AXA Advisors)Saul Meikes (University of Iowa)Discussants:Sweta Saxena (International Monetary Fund)Valerie Cerra (International Monetary Fund)Banani Nandi (Shannon Laboratories and AT&T)Jyoti Khanna (Colgate University)Ramya Ghosh (Drexel University)Keshab Bhattarai (University of Hull)Jan 03, 2014 2:30 pm, Pennsylvania Convention Center, 103-BAmerican Economic AssociationTrade and Inequality (F1)Presiding: Gene Grossman (Princeton University)Matching and Sorting in the Global EconomyGene M. Grossman (Princeton University)Elhanan Helpman (Harvard University)Philipp Kircher (London School of Economics)Measuring the Unequal Gains from TradePablo D. Fajgelbaum (University of California-Los Angeles)Amit K. Khandelwal (Columbia University)Firm-to-Firm Trade: Imports, Exports, and the Labor MarketSamuel Kortum (Yale University)Jonathan Eaton (Pennsylvania State University)Francis Kramarz (CREST)Raul Sampognaro (CREST)Trade Policy and Wage Inequality: A Structural Analysis with Occupational and Sectoral MobilityJohn McLaren (University of Virginia)Erhan Artuc (World Bank)Discussants:Ann Harrison (University of Pennsylvania)Thomas Sampson (London School of Economics)Rafael Dix-Carneiro (University of Maryland)Justin Pierce (Federal Reserve Board)Jan 03, 2014 2:30 pm, Philadelphia Marriott, Meeting Room 405Econometric SocietyInternational Trade: Theory (F1)Presiding: Ana Fieler (University of Pennsylvania)Inattentive ImportersKunal Dasgupta (University of Toronto)Jordi Mondria (University of Toronto)Trade Preferences and Political Conflicts Associated with Trade Liberalization Soohyun (Catherine) Oh (KIEP)Seung-Gyu (Andrew) Sim (University of Tokyo)Shoya Ishimaru (University of Tokyo)A Model of Trade with Ricardian Comparative Advantage and Intra-Sectoral Firm HeterogeneityHaichao Fan (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)Edwin L. Lai (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)Han (Steffan) Qi (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) Discussants:Treb Allen (Northwestern University)Steven J. Matusz (Michigan State University)Dan Lu (University of Rochester)Jan 03, 2014 2:30 pm, Loews Philadelphia Hotel, Congress AInternational Trade & Finance AssociationInternational Trade and Finance (F1)Presiding: Georg Schaur (University of Tennessee)Quantifying Upstreamness in East Asia: Insights from a Coasian Model of Production StagingThibault Fally (University of Colorado-Boulder)How Much Do Official Price Indexes Tell Us About Inflation?Jessie Handbury (University of Pennsylvania)David E. Weinstein (Columbia University)Tsutomu Watanabe (University of Tokyo)Cherries for Sale: Export Networks and the Incidence of Cross-Border M&A Activity Nicholas Sly (University of Oregon)Bruce A. Blonigen (University of Oregon)Lionel Fontagne (Paris School of Economics, European University Institute and Banque de France)Farid Toubal (Ecole Normale Superieure at Cachan, Paris School of Economics and CEPII)Growth and Trade: A Structural ApproachYoto Yotov (Drexel University)James E. Anderson (Boston College)Mario Larch (University of Bayreuth)Jan 04, 2014Jan 04, 2014 8:00 am, Pennsylvania Convention Center, 203-BAmerican Economic AssociationTrade and Firm Dynamics (F1)Presiding: Joel Rodrigue (Vanderbilt University)Dynamic Selection and the New Gains from Trade with Heterogeneous Firms Thomas Sampson (London School of Economics)When Foreign Rivals are Coming to Town: Firm Responses to Multinational Investment NewsCathy Ge Bao (George Washington University)Maggie Chen (George Washington University)Firm Size Distortions and the Productivity Distribution: Evidence from France Luis Garicano (London School of Economics)Claire LeLarge (INSEE and CREST)John Van Reenen (London School of Economics and NBER)Deregulation, Misallocation, and Size: Evidence from IndiaLaura Alfaro (Harvard Business School & NBER)Anusha Chari (University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill & NBER)Firm-Level Comparative AdvantageFederico Trionfetti (Aix-Marseille University)Matthieu Crozet (Paris School of Economics-Paris I and CEPII)Jan 04, 2014 8:00 am, Loews Philadelphia Hotel, Regency Ballroom C2 International Economic & Finance SocietyInternational Trade (F1)Presiding: Hakan Yilmazkuday (Florida International University)Firm-to-Firm TradeJonathan Eaton (Brown University)Samuel S. Kortum (Yale University)Francis Kramarz (CREST)The Aggregate Impact of Antidumping PoliciesKim Ruhl (New York University)Who's Getting Globalized? The Size and Nature of Intranational Trade Costs Dave Donaldson (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)David Atkin (Yale University)Economic Integration Agreements, Border Effects, and Distance Elasticities in the Gravity EquationJeffrey H. Bergstrand (University of Notre Dame)Yoto V. Yotov (Drexel University)Jan 04, 2014 10:15 am, Pennsylvania Convention Center, 105-BAmerican Economic AssociationTrade and Development (F1)Presiding: Stephen Redding (Princeton University)Railroads and American Economic Growth: A Market Access ApproachDave Donaldson (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)Richard Hornbeck (Harvard University)Export Markets and Labor Reallocation in a Low-Income CountryBrian McCaig (Australian National University)Nina Pavcnik (Dartmouth College)Agricultural Productivity and Structural Transformation: Evidence from Brazil Paula Bustos (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)Bruno Caprettini (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)Jacopo Ponticelli (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)External Integration and Internal Development: Evidence from Argentina 1870-1914 Pablo D. Fajgelbaum (University of California-Los Angeles)Stephen J. Redding (Princeton University)Discussants:Gilles Duranton (University of Pennsylvania)Brian Kovak (Carnegie Mellon University)David Lagakos (University of California-San Diego)David E. Weinstein (Columbia University)Jan 04, 2014 2:30 pm, Philadelphia Marriott, Meeting Room 405American Committee on Asian Economic StudiesAsia and Its External Relations (F1)Presiding: Mordechai Kreinin (Michigan State University)The Implications of Region-Wide FTAs for Japan and Emerging AsiaHiro Lee (Osaka University)Ken Itakura (Nagoya City University)ASEAN Centrality and United States InterestsPeter A. Petri (Brandeis University)Michael G. Plummer (Johns Hopkins University)Central Asia: Landbridge between East Asia and the EU, or Stuck in the Middle? Richard Pomfret (University of Adelaide)Lifting Impediments to South and Southeast Asian Integration: An Eclectic Approach Masahiro Kawai (ADB Institute)Discussants:Raed Safadi (OECD)Manoranjan Dutta (Rutgers University)Don P. Clark (University of Tennessee)Jan 04, 2014 2:30 pm, Pennsylvania Convention Center, 202-AAmerican Economic AssociationTrade and the Economic Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure (F1) Presiding: Stephen Redding (Princeton University)Can Openness to Trade Reduce Income Volatility? Evidence from Colonial India's Famine EraRobin Burgess (London School of Economics)Dave Donaldson (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)Roads and Trade: Evidence from the United StatesGilles Duranton (University of Pennsylvania)Peter Morrow (University of Toronto)Matthew Turner (University of Toronto)Trade Integration, Market Size, and Industrialization: Evidence from China's National Trunk Highway SystemBen Faber (London School of Economics and University of California-Berkeley) Trade and the Topography of the Spatial EconomyTreb Allen (Northwestern University)Costas Arkolakis (Yale University)Discussants:Felix Tintlenot (University of Chicago and Pennsylvania State University)Michal Fabinger (Pennsylvania State University)David Atkin (Yale University)Kerem Cosar (University of Chicago)Jan 05, 2014Jan 05, 2014 8:00 am, Philadelphia Marriott, Meeting Room 403Econometric SocietyInternational Trade: Empirics (F1)Presiding: Ralph Ossa (University of Chicago)Does Input-Trade Liberalization Affect Firms' Foreign Technology Choice? Maria Bas (CEPII France and Sciences Po)Antoine Berthou (Banque de France)Global Gains from Reduction of Trade CostsHaichao Fan (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)Edwin L. Lai (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)Han (Steffan) Qi (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)When the Floodgates Open:Hale Utar (Bielefeld University)Discussants:Andreas Moxnes (Dartmouth College)Ralph Ossa (University of Chicago)Chong Xiang (Purdue University)Jan 05, 2014 1:00 pm, Philadelphia Marriott, Grand Ballroom - Salon KAmerican Economic AssociationEmpirical Studies in International Trade (F1)Presiding: Linda Tesar (University of Michigan)Why Did the Equity Home Bias Fall During the Financial Panic of 2008?Matthew M. Wynter (Ohio State University)Does Marketing Widen Borders? Cross-Country Price Dispersion in the European Car MarketGeorg Strasser (Boston College)Eyal Dvir (Boston College)Trade and Towns: On the Uneven Effects of Trade LiberalizationMarius Brülhart (University of Lausanne)Céline Carrère (University of Geneva)Frédéric Robert-Nicoud (University of Geneva)Trade Adjustment: Worker Level EvidenceDavid H. Autor (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)David Dorn (CEMFI, Madrid)Gordon H. Hanson (University of California-San Diego)Jae Song (Social Security Administration)The Causal Impact of Common Native Language on International Trade: Evidence from a Spatial Regression Discontinuity DesignPeter H. Egger (ETH Zurich)Andrea Lassmann (ETH Zurich)。
2014年白宫记者协会晚宴奥巴马演讲
MSNBC is here. [Applause] They are a little overwhelmed. They’ve never seen an audience this big before.[Laughter]
Sometimes I do feel disrespected by you reporters. But that’s OK. Seattle Seahawks’ corner back Richard Shermanis here tonight, and he gave me some great tips on how to handle it. JakeTapper, don’t you ever talk about me like that! I am the best president in the game! What do you think, Richard, was that good? [Laughter] A little more feeling next time. [Laughter]
It is great to be back. What a year, huh? I usually start these dinners with a few self-deprecating jokes.After my stellar 2013, what can I possibly talk about? [Laughter]
Speaking of Rand Paul, —[laughter] Colorado legalized marijuana this year. An interesting social experiment.I do hope it does not lead to a bunch of paranoid people who think the federal government is out to get them and listening to their phone calls. [Laughter]That would be a problem. [Laughter]
-国际学术会议表
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欧洲会计学会第37届年会
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2014概念迁移与二语习得国际专题研讨会 32 2014年 IEEE 声学，语音和信号处理国际会
议
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2014年工业仿真会议
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2014年食品和营养仿真会议
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2014年软件工程国际会议
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第14届国际民族生物学大会
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第三届世界滑坡论坛
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2014年美国控制会议
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美国生物化学与分子生物学学会2014年年会
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第十二届国际游泳生物力学与医学研讨会
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第164次美国图书馆研究协会会议
25
2014年激光光子应用科学国际会议
26
2014年世界隧道大会 27 第十一届国际能源组织世界热泵大会
（IEA/HPP）
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重大基建工程可持续发展国际会议
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第七届世界颗粒技术大会
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2014年AS-i中国专业委员会场活动计划草稿
2014年AS-i中国专业委员会市场活动计划（草稿）AS-i China Association marketing plan in 2014 year（Draft）AS-i中国专业委员会在各理事单位的积极支持下，通过近几年开展的市场推广活动，已取得较大的成效，尤其在2012CIIF工博会和2013IAB展的联合展示，让更多的行业及技术人员对AS-i有了进一步了解和认识。
为不断提升AS-i标准、技术和产品在中国市场的认知度，秘书处将继续努力工作，为会员提供良好服务。
请各会员单位对2014年AS-i中国市场活动计划提出初步建议。
With the strong support from the board member, AS-i China Association have carried out marketing activities, and has achieved great achievement. Especially in the CIIF 2012 and IAB 2013, the unit booth attracted more engineering and technical personnel, and make them have further understanding of AS-i technology. In 2013 AS-i China Association secretariat will keep working hard and focusing on giving the members good services. We propose the following plan of AS-i China Association secretariat.in 20141.第十三届“工业自动化与标准化” 研讨会The 12th Forum on “Industry Automation and Standardization” 2013时间：5月22-23日上午9:00-18:00Date: 22-23th,May,2014地点：北京·中国职工之家饭店（北京·西城区真武庙路1号）Location: Beijing会议规模：300人Scale: 300 peopleAS-i 参会内容：Demo板展示Contents: Demo display2.北京国际工业智能及自动化展Industrial Automation Fair –Beijing (IAB)北京国际工业自动化展为汉诺威工业自动化全球系列展之一，依托汉诺威自动化全球展具有强大的市场资源，是中国自动化比较大型的展会。
2014道外三模英语
2014道外三模英语2014 Daowaier Middle School English ExamIn the year 2014, the Daowaier Middle School administered a rigorous English language examination to its students. This exam was designed to assess the students' proficiency in various aspects of the English language, including reading comprehension, writing, and grammar. The exam was considered a significant milestone in the academic journey of the students, as it would determine their readiness for the next stage of their education.The exam was divided into several sections, each testing a specific skill set. The first section focused on reading comprehension, where students were required to read a series of passages and answer questions related to the content, structure, and overall understanding of the text. The passages covered a wide range of topics, from literature and history to science and current events, ensuring that the students were well-versed in a variety of subject areas.The second section of the exam tested the students' writing abilities. They were given a prompt and asked to compose a well-structuredessay that demonstrated their command of the English language. The prompt could be a persuasive argument, a narrative, or a descriptive piece, challenging the students to showcase their creativity and analytical skills.The third section of the exam evaluated the students' knowledge of English grammar and syntax. This section included multiple-choice questions and fill-in-the-blank exercises that tested the students' understanding of sentence structure, verb tenses, parts of speech, and other grammatical concepts.The fourth and final section of the exam focused on vocabulary. Students were presented with a series of words and asked to choose the correct definition or synonym for each one. This section aimed to assess the students' breadth of vocabulary and their ability to apply their word knowledge in various contexts.Throughout the exam, the students were expected to demonstrate their proficiency in all aspects of the English language. They were required to read and comprehend complex texts, express their ideas clearly and coherently in writing, and apply their knowledge of grammar and vocabulary to solve various language-related problems.The Daowaier Middle School English exam was a comprehensive assessment that challenged the students to push the boundaries oftheir linguistic abilities. The exam not only tested the students' academic knowledge but also their critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and adaptability to different language-based tasks.The results of the exam were eagerly awaited by both the students and their parents, as they would determine the students' future academic and career prospects. The school administration, teachers, and the community as a whole took great pride in the students' performance, recognizing the hard work and dedication they had put into their English language studies.Overall, the 2014 Daowaier Middle School English exam was a testament to the school's commitment to providing its students with a well-rounded and rigorous education. The exam challenged the students to excel in their English language skills, preparing them for the next stage of their academic and personal development.。
2014MODEL-APEC预赛客观题题库汇总
2014 MODELAPEC高校落地选拔赛题库注: 所有问题均要求参赛选手用英语回答客观题部分1.APEC的全称是什么？答案: 亚太经济合作组织Q: What’s the full name of APEC?A: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.2.APEC现有21个成员, 1997年在哪里召开的领导人会议宣布APEC进入十年巩固期, 暂不接纳新成员？答案: 温哥华Q:APEC has 21 members now.In 1997, where did the APEC Economic Leaders’Meeting announce that APEC was in the 10-year-period of consolidation, and not accept any new member temporarily?A: Vancouver, Canada.3.2014APEC领导人非正式会议将在中国哪个城市召开？答案: 北京。
Q:Which city will hold the 2014 APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting in China? A: Beijing.4.哪年11月普京在越南河内参加APEC峰会时曾明确宣布, 俄罗斯希望能够主办这项国际盛会, 俄罗斯太平洋沿岸滨海边疆区首府符拉迪沃斯托克市就是最为理想的地点。
答案: 2006年。
Q:In which year did Mr.Putin announce during the APEC Economic Leaders’Meeting in Ha Nor, Vietnam that Russia wanted to be the host of this international event , and the capital city of border region of Russia's Pacific coast,Vladivostok, would be the best place?A: 2006.5.请问中国是于哪年加入APEC？同时加入的还有哪些经济体？答案：1991年11月, 中国台北和中国香港Q:When did China take part in APEC?What were the other economies?A: In November, 1991 with Taiwan and Hongkong6.2014年的APEC领导人非正式会议将由哪个经济体举办？Q: Which economy will host the 2014 APEC Summit?A: China.7.1991年11月, 亚太经合组织第三届部长级会议在哪个国家哪个城市举行? 答案: 韩国首都汉城（现称首尔）Q:In November, 1991, which country and city was the 3rd APEC Ministerial Meeting?A: Seoul, the capital of Korea8.2008年年末爆发了全球金融危机, 当年秘鲁利马APEC会议对金融危机问题发表单独声明, 此声明体现了可持续发展的哪种原则？答案: 共同性原则。
American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2014 International Conference
CONTENTSSummary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513 InterMune identifies novel therapeutics for fibrosis . . . . . . . . . . .513 GSK’s fluticasone + umeclidinium combination safe in phase I asthma trial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514 GSK-2339345 safe in phase I trials for chronic cough . . . . . . . . .514 GSK’s TNFR1-targeting antibody attenuates pulmonary inflammation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514 Novel azithromycin derivative identified for pulmonary inflammation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514 Mixed results for benralizumab in COPD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515 ONO-1301 shows potential for lung regeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . .515 Tufts novel PAR-2 inhibitor targeted at pulmonaryhypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516 Pharmaxis’ LOXL2 inhibitors show preclinical promise forfibrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516 Gilead’s GS-5806 effective in phase IIa RSV trial . . . . . . . . . . . . .516 Novel bispecific antibody for P. aeruginosa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516 A new pan-JAK inhibitor for asthma from Almirall . . . . . . . . . . . .516SUMMARYThe American Thoracic Society (ATS), founded in 1905, is an interna-tional society focused on improving health in the areas of pulmonary disease and sleep disorders that now boasts over 15,000 members. At this year’s ATS conference, held in San Diego, California, over 800 speakers were to report on 5,700 original research abstracts and case reports. This report highlights sessions from the first day of the confer-ence.Key words:Pulmonary disease – Sleep disorders – Fibrosis –Asthma – Cough – Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease INTERMUNE IDENTIFIES NOVEL THERAPEUTICS FOR FIBROSISDuring a poster session on lung fibrosis, John Nicholas from InterMune presented a poster on small molecule and peptide activa-tors of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-dependent antioxidant response element (ARE). NRF2 is a tran-scription factor which regulates oxidative stress induction of anti-oxidant genes. Reactive oxygen species can modify the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-NRF2 complex freeing NRF2, which can then bind to ARE in the nucleus, inducing the transcrip-tion of antioxidant enzymes. InterMune investigated the induction of NRF2 activity by disruption of its interaction with KEAP1 as a mech-anism for the potential reduction of oxidative stress and fibrosis. Small molecules designed to bind cysteines on KEAP1 in order to free NRF2, and peptides that compete with NRF2 for KEAP1 binding to increase free NRF2, were evaluated. Nanomolar potency was demonstrated for both the small molecule and peptide series using functional NRF2 nuclear translocation assays and surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence polarization assays, respectively. Additionally, time-dependent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) found that the small-molecule compounds were capable of reversible binding to reactive cysteines. Four small-molecule com-pounds, ITMN-71754, ITMN-14461, ITMN-14525and ITMN-71838, compared favorably with dimethyl fumarate, a drug approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, in a reporter assay with EC50val-ues of 204, 1,223, 1,889 and 3,100 nM, respectively, compared with 7,566 nM for dimethyl fumarate. Both the small-molecule and pep-tide series are undergoing further optimization.During the same poster session, Dr. Nicholas also reported data from a second antifibrotic research program at InterMune into small-molecule lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 (LOXL2) inhibitors. LOXL2 is a lysine tyrosylquinone cofactor-dependent amine oxidase which catalyzes covalent cross-linking of collagen and elastase. It is required for the biosynthesis of normal mature extracellular matri-ces during wound healing, and overexpression of LOXL2 can be seen in cancers and fibrotic disease. A total of 370,000 lead-like and frag-ment libraries were screened using high-throughput screening (HTS); this number was reduced using computational filtering andMEETING REPORTAMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY (ATS) 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCESAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, USA – MAY 16-21, 2014K. WalkerThomson Reuters, London, UK THOMSON REUTERSDrugs of the Future 2014, 39(7): 513-516Copyright © 2014 Prous Science, S.A.U. or its licensors. All rights reserved. CCC: 0377-8282/2014DOI: 10.1358/dof.2014.39.7.2195434Correspondence: E-mail: karen.walker@.clustering. A total of 356 compounds were identified as LOXL2 inhibitors, with surface plasmon resonance confirming direct bind-ing to LOXL2 and profiling showing most hits to target the catalytic domain of the protein. Lead candidates demonstrated nanomolar potency, with > 10-fold selectivity against off-targets and favorable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties. One compound, ITMN-15376, was found to be orally available when administered to rats at a dose of 3 mg/kg p.o. Further optimization and studies using lead candidates are under way.GSK’S FLUTICASONE + UMECLIDINIUM COMBINATION SAFEIN PHASE I ASTHMA TRIALShuying Yang from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) disclosed the first clinical data from a phase I trial of the inhaled dry powder fluticasone furoate+ umeclidinium bromide combination during a poster session for clinical studies of new asthma therapies. The combina-tion was tested in a randomized, double-blind phase I trial (NCT01725685) in 18 healthy adult volunteers. Subjects were treated with the glucocorticoid receptor agonist fluticasone furoate (400 µg) alone, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist umeclidinium (500 µg) alone, or the two drugs in combination. The combination was found to be well tolerated, with no fatal or non-fatal serious adverse event (AEs), and none leading to withdrawal. The co-administration via dry powder inhaler resulted in lower or similar systemic exposure for each drug compared with each admin-istered as monotherapy. A phase II crossover study of the combina-tion was completed in February 2013, but no data have been dis-closed to date.GSK-2339345 SAFE IN PHASE I TRIALS FOR CHRONIC COUGH A poster session on the topic of chronic cough saw the disclosure, by GSK’s Joanna Marks-Konczalik, of the first clinical data on a second GSK compound, GSK-2339345, a voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitor and potential inhaled therapy for chronic cough. Two phase I trials were conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacoki-netics and pharmacodynamics of the candidate in healthy volun-teers. The first study —NCT01494636— was split into two parts: 1) an open-label crossover trial in which GSK-2339345 was administered orally as a rinse, gargle and spit therapy; and 2) a randomized, dou-ble-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending dose study to assess the drug as an inhaled formulation. The second trial —NCT01587716— was a randomized, placebo-controlled trial that assessed the drug administered via an aqueous droplet inhaler (ADI). The drug was demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated at all doses tested, with single doses up to 2,000 µg and a total daily dose of 8,000 µg. Cough was a frequently observed AE in study one, and while not recorded as an AE in study 2, transient coughing dur-ing drug administration was anecdotally reported. The drug was rapidly absorbed into plasma, with tmaxvalues of 2 to 4 minutes and an elimination half-life of 3 hours. Systemic exposure to the drug was higher following single inhaled doses administered via the ADI and 1.6- to 2-fold accumulation was seen upon repeat dosing when dosed at 4 hour intervals. There were no significant effects on oropharyngeal sensation and the effect on capsaicin cough chal-lenge was minimal.GSK’S TNFR1-TARGETING ANTIBODY ATTENUATES PULMONARY INFLAMMATIONIn a further poster session on critical illness, Alastair Proudfoot (Imperial College London) revealed the first phase I data from a study investigating GSK’s tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1)-targeting antibody GSK-1995057for the potential treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A double-blind, place-bo-controlled, randomized phase I study (NCT01587807) enrolled 37 healthy adult volunteers who were treated with nebulized GSK-1995057 or placebo prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly reduced following pretreatment with GSK-1995057, and a trend was also seen for reduced BALF neutrophils. A decrease in BALF von Willebrand factor concentration was also observed, indicating reduced endothelial cell activation. It was hypothesized that the attenuated pulmonary inflammation affect could be due to modulation of pulmonary microvascular endothelial function, including permeability and neutrophil adhesion molecule expression. Further early clinical trials were planned along with a human ex vivo model of ARDS.NOVEL AZITHROMYCIN DERIVATIVE IDENTIFIED FOR PULMONARY INFLAMMATIONDuring a poster session on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, Martina Bosnar from Fidelta reported data from preclinical studies of a non-antibiotic 3’-substituted azithro -mycin derivative. Fidelta is a relatively new company created in January 2013 as a new service division of Galapagos from the former GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) PLIVA research center. Fidelta, in collabora-ATS 2014K. Walkertion with GSK, has previously conducted preclinical studies investi-gating macrolones, a novel class of macrolide compounds, for use against respiratory tract infections. However, in this study, which was initiated at the center under GSK, an antimicrobially inactive macrolide was identified for potential use in chronic, neutrophil-dominated pulmonary inflammatory diseases, including diffuse pan-bronchiolitis and cystic fibrosis, without the risk of bacterial resistance occurring.Antimicrobial activity against a panel of respiratory pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae , was tested for one compound, which demonstrated an MIC value of > 64µg/mL, suggesting that the 3’-modification in the azithromycin derivative reduced antimicrobial action. The candidate [I ] was found to have a low systemic clearance in mice and rats (12.1 and 15.9mL/min/kg, respectively), good distribution into tissues (V ss = 6.4and 26.2 L/kg, respectively) and moderate bioavailability (17% and 34%, respectively), as well as a half-life indicating potential for once daily oral dosing (7.1 h and 22.8 h, respectively). In LPS-challenged male BALB/cJ mice treated with the drug, total cell and neutrophil counts in BALF were reduced in a similar manner to that of azithromycin, and in an acute cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation model lung inflammation was inhibited. The data sup-port further development of the drug for antiinflammatory treat-ment in pulmonary disease.MIXED RESULTS FOR BENRALIZUMAB IN COPDData from a phase IIa trial of the humanized monoclonal antibody(MAb) against IL-5Ralpha benralizumab were presented by Christopher Brightling (University of Leicester) during a poster ses-sion on updates in COPD pharmacotherapy. Benralizumab depletes blood and airway eosinophils via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and has been demonstrated in phase II trials forK. Walker ATS 2014asthma to decrease peripheral eosinophil levels to zero by day 7post-dosing. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled,multicenter phase IIa trial (NCT01227278), which was initiated in November 2010, 101 adults with moderate to severe COPD with spu-tum eosinophilia were treated with subcutaneous benralizumab (100 mg) or placebo and daily maintenance therapy. A total of 88patients completed the study. The primary endpoint of moderate to severe acute exacerbations of COPD rate at week 56 was not met,with reduction rates of 0.96 and 0.92 in benralizumab- and place-bo-treated patients, respectively. However, patients with blood eosinophils of < 200 or < 300 cells/µL were found to experience more exacerbations if treated with benralizumab compared with placebo. Additionally, changes from baseline to week 56 in the Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire-COPD (SGRQ-C) total score were not significantly different for benralizumab compared with placebo. However, benralizumab significantly improved FEV1 com-pared with placebo, and depleted both peripheral blood and sputum eosinophil levels. AEs were similar in both treatment groups.ONO-1301 SHOWS POTENTIAL FOR LUNG REGENERATION In a further thematic poster session, non-epithelial contributions to lung injury and repair were discussed. Notably, Soichiro Funaki (Osaka University) presented preclinical data on the sustained-release delivery of Ono-1301(Ono Pharmaceuticals), a synthetic prostacyclin analogue that enhances the secretion of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascu-lar endothelial growth factor A (VEGF). Already under investigation for the treatment of myocardial infarction, it was hypothesized that the drug could potentially have a therapeutic effect for residual com-pensatory lung growth in mice following a left pneumonectomy. The drug has also demonstrated therapeutic potential against pul-monary diseases, pulmonary hypertension and asthma. In mice treated with Ono-1301 post-pneumonectomy, enlargement of alveo-lar spaces was suppressed compared with control animals. Cell pro-liferation was also found to be significantly increased in Ono-1301-treated mice. Chord compliance was also increased, although no significant difference was seen for vital capacity and forced vital capacity.mately 2 hours post-dosing, with a t 1/2 of 33 to 35 hours. The drug safely reduced viral load, with the primary endpoint of AUC viral load reduced; additionally, lower total mucus production and lower AUC of change from baseline symptom diary scores were seen. GS-5806was also well tolerated, with no serious AEs experienced; AEs of grade 1 or 2 were mild to moderate. Treatment-emergent drug-relat-ed AEs reported by two or more subjects included headache, diar-rhea and upper respiratory tract infection; treatment-emergent drug-related clinical abnormalities included elevated alanine aminotransferase, low neutrophil count and hyperkalemia.NOVEL BISPECIFIC ANTIBODY FOR P. AERUGINOSAAntonio DiGiandomenico from MedImmune presented preclinical data on a new bispecific multifunctional antibody targeting Pseudo -monas aeruginosa , BiS4alphaPa , for the potential prevention of seri-ous pneumonia in the intensive care setting. Antibodies were con-structed and assessed in opsonophagocytosis killing and anti-cytotoxicity assays; they were found to retain anti-Psl and anti-PcrV activity, respectively. In an in vivo pneumonia model, BiS4alphaPa was demonstrated to have the greatest protective activity over other anti-bodies. In an organ burden pneumonia model, the antibody reduced bacterial organ burden 24 hours postinfection. Further positive data were seen in other models, including potent activity against disparate P. aeruginosa isolates, including multidrug-resistant strains, and in murine models of thermal injury and bacteremia. The therapeutic was active in a mouse model of severe neutropenia, synergistic with other antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) against P. aeruginosa pneumonia and syner-gistic with tobramycin against resistant P. aerugin osa.A NEW PAN-JAK INHIBITOR FOR ASTHMA FROM ALMIRALL Isabel Ramis from Almirall presented a new inhaled pan-tyrosine-protein kinase JAK inhibitor, referred to as JAK inhibitor A , for asth-ma. Cytokines are pivotal in the development of asthma due to their regulation of the expansion of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, and cytokine-mediated signals are primarily transduced by the JAK-STAT signaling cascade, making JAK a promising target for the treatment of the disease. Pharmacokinetic testing demonstrated very low plas-ma levels, with high lung/plasma partition, and sustained lung lev-els over time (3% of dose remaining at 24 hours postdose). Oral bioavailability was low (< 10%) with a favorable profile for inhaled administration. The inhaled JAK inhibitor was tested in male Brown Norway rats in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung inflammation model. Rats were treated with the nebulized JAK inhibitor A at doses of 10 and 30 mM. The compound was seen to reduce alveolar inflammation (39% inhibition for 30 mM), alveolar hemorrhages (10% and 66% inhibition at 10 and 30 mM, respectively) and perivas-cular edema (moderate inhibition with 30 mM). The drug dose-dependently inhibited eosinophil, neutrophil and erythrocyte influx,and cytokine levels in BALF, and also markedly inhibited OVA-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in the lung.DISCLOSURESThe author states no conflicts of interest.Submitted: May 16, 2014. Accepted: July 17, 2014.The website for this meeting can be found at /2014/.TUFTS NOVEL PAR-2 INHIBITOR TARGETED AT PULMONARY HYPERTENSIONProteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2), a G-protein coupled recep-tor (GPCR) expressed in different cell types and activated by proin-flammatory enzymes, mediates smooth muscle contraction and stimulates acute and chronic inflammation. Tufts University has identified pepducinP2pal-18S (PZ), a lipopeptide PAR-2 inhibitor which inhibits PAR-2 activity via binding to the intracellular loop of the receptor. Preclinical investigations into the compound for the potential treatment of dermatological diseases such as atopic der-matitis have been conducted, with efficacy observed in animal mod-els of inflammation. Rod Warburton (Tufts University School of Medicine) reported that the drug had also already demonstrated the ability to inhibit PAR-2 by 77%, with minimal agonist activity (3%) in a calcium flux assay. In this study, PZ was assessed in a model of pulmonary hypertension in which male C57BL/6 mice were admin-istered a dose of 5 mg/kg/day of PZ or control. Both right ventricu-lar systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy were reduced following dosing with PZ. At that time, further studies were planned to assess the drug for pulmonary hypertension.PHARMAXIS’ LOXL2 INHIBITORS SHOW PRECLINICAL PROMISE FOR FIBROSISPharmaxis is currently developing LOXL2 inhibitors for the potential oral treatment of fibrosis and cancer. Heidi C. Schilter presented the first preclinical data for this series of small molecules. LOXL2 is a potential target in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis due to its high upregulation in fibrosis, and data were presented from in vitro and in vivo models of fibrosis. Against LOXL2, compound PXS-5120A showed an IC 50value of 10 nM, with a 200- and 500-fold selectivity over LOX and other amine oxidases, respectively. Good systemic exposure and ADME profiles were also seen. PXS-5120A was an effective antifibrotic compound in a mouse carbon tetrachloride fibrosis model, as seen by picro sirius red and alpha smooth actin stain. In a model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, the LOXL2inhibitor PXS-5129A (a pro-drug of PXS-5120A) at doses of 5 and 15mg/kg significantly decreased lung fibrosis, as measured using Ashcroft scoring, and the effect was dose-dependent. A trend was also observed in the reduction of collagen score and alpha smooth muscle actin staining. Phase I trials are anticipated in 2015.GILEAD’S GS-5806 EFFECTIVE IN PHASE IIA RSV TRIAL Gilead is developing GS-5806, a novel, small molecule antiviral fusion inhibitor, for the potential treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The drug blocks viral envelope fusion with the host cell membrane and has previously demonstrated antiviral activ-ity against RSV A and B clinical isolates, with a mean EC 50of 0.43nM. In a phase I trial, single doses of GS-5806 were well tolerated up to 300 mg and multiple doses up to 75 mg once daily. A proof-of-concept phase IIa trial (NCT01756482) was initiated in the U.K. in October 2012 and completed in June 2013. Data from the random-ized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study were presented by John DeVincenzo from the University of Tennessee School of Medicine. A total of 140 healthy adult volunteers were infected with RSV and then treated with 50 mg GS-5806 on day 1 followed by 25 mg once daily on days 2 to 5. In adaptive dosing cohorts, subjects received varying doses both on day 1 and subsequent days. Pharmacokinetic data confirmed dose-proportional plasma concentrations approxi-ATS 2014K. Walker。
ICNAAM 2014国际会议
ICNAAM 2014ICNAAM 2014,22-28 September 2014, RodosPalace Hotel, Rhodes,GreeceLeaflet ICNAAM 2014New 04/02/2014: The AIP Conference Procceedings of ICNAAM 2013 (AIP Conference Proceedings Vol 1558) have been included in Scopus and accepted for indexing in Conference Proceedings Citation Index(Thomson Reuters - Web of Science)∙We are proud to announce that the Proceedings of ICNAAM 2014 will be published in the world-renowned AIP (American Institute of Physics) Conference Proceedings. More information can be found here. Requirements in order for an accepted paper to be included in the AIP Conference Proceedings of ICNAAM 2014 can be found here.It is a policy of ICNAAM not to publish papers in the AIPConference Proceedings of ICNAAM, without payment of the fees.∙You can register and book your room here. See at the bottom of the page for guidelines for the requested steps for a successful registration.∙Please, see the Important Dates.∙Promoting the work of young scientists. Special awards of excellence in Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics. See more here.Our server was down due to maintenance from 8 until 10 o' clock GMT +0 at Tuesday11 March 2014. We apologize for the inconvenience.Honoring Jeff R. Cash on the occasion of his 67th birthdayInvited Speakers (up until ): ∙Lidia Aceto , Universita di Pisa, Italy ∙Luigi Brugnano , Universita' di Firenze, Italy ∙Kevin Burrage , University of Oxford, UK ∙John Butcher , University of Auckland, New Zealand ∙ Christian Corda , Istituto Universitario di Ricerca"Santa Rita", Firenze, Italy and IFM Einstein -Galilei, Prato, Italy∙ Max Gunzburger, Florida State University,Tallahassee FL 32306-4120, USA∙Ernst Hairer , Université de Genève, Switzerland ∙Des Higham , University of Strathclyde, UK ∙Karel in't Hout , University of Antwerp, Belgium ∙Weizhang Huang , University of Kansas, USA ∙Willem Hundsdorfer , CWI, The Netherlands ∙ Uwe Kähler , University of Aveiro, Campus deSantiago, PORTUGAL∙Shijun Liao , Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China ∙Francesca Mazzia , Universita` di Bari, Italy ∙Juan I. Montijano , Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain ∙Bob Russell , Simon Fraser University, Canada ∙Steve Ruuth , Simon Fraser University, Canada ∙ Karline Soetaert , NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institutefor Sea Research, Netherlands∙ Gerhard Wanner , Université de Genève,Switzerland∙ Ewa B. Weinmueller , Vienna University ofTechnology, Austria∙ You-He Zhou, Lanzhou University, P. R. ChinaThe aim of ICNAAM 2014 is to bring togetherthe leading scientists of theinternational Numerical and AppliedMathematics community and to attractoriginal research papers of very highquality.With cooperation of European Society of Computational Methods in Sciences, Engineering and Technology (ESCMCET)136) Title: Analytical Approaches for Nonlinear Differential Equations Modeling Complex Natural Phenomena & Advanced Technological ProcessesOrganizers: Prof. S.J. Liao, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ruth Mulan Chu Chao Building, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China, Dr. Hang XU, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ruth Mulan Chu Chao Building, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China and Prof. E.C. Aifantis, Polytechnic School - Laboratory of Mechanics And Materials, GR- 541 24 Thessaloniki, GreeceE-mail: sjliao@, hangxu.sjtu@ and mom@mom.gen.auth.grIn the last decades, increasing attention has been given to nonlinear differential equations of various types such as moving boundary problems, time delay problems, and fractional derivatives owing to their importance and potential applications in science and engineering. Different from numerical techniques, analytical approaches can give explicit solutions to these problems, which could reflect on the nature and internal structure of the physical processes considered, and provide easy-to-use explicit formulae for estimating various physical quantities and system properties. We invite researchers to submit their up-to-date research work on various aspects of such complex nonlinear equations with applications to various natural processes including solid deformation, mass/heat transfer, fluid flow, and other multiphysics instabilities across the scale spectrum (e.g. shear bands, fracture patterns, earthquakes, complex fluids, coupled electromechanical processes in nanotechnology and nanobiomedicine).Potential topics include, but are not limited to:∙New analytical techniques for various kinds of complicated nonlinear problems in science, engineering, and biology.∙New applications of analytical approaches to moving boundary problems, time delay problems, and fractional problems.∙Periodic and quasi-periodic solutions of benchmark nonlinear dynamics problems.∙Linear and nonlinear problems of ordinary and partial differential equations with complicated initial/boundary conditions.∙Improvement of existing analytical approaches for solving nonlinear equations and new applications of the Homotopy analysis method in science and engineering.∙Fractional Calculus, Homotopy Analysis & Nanotechnology.Contact details:Dr. Hang XU,School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityRuth Mulan Chu Chao Building, No. 800 Dongchuan Road,Shanghai, P.R. ChinaPhone: +86-21-34204407Fax: +86-21-34207991E-mail: hangxu.sjtu@Prof. S.J. Liao, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ruth Mulan Chu Chao Building, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China.Email: sjliao@Prof. E.C. Aifantis, POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL - LABORATORY OF MECHANICS AND MATERIALS GR- 541 24 THESSALONIKI, GREECEEmail: mom@mom.gen.auth.gr。
Design,Modelinga...
P roced ia Engineering 99 ( 2015 )163 – 167Available online at 1877-7058 © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CSAA)d oi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.521ScienceDirect“APISAT2014”, 2014 Asia -Pacific International Symposium on Aerospace Technology, APISAT2014Design, Modeling and Analysis of a Sharp-Edge HypersonicStealthy Re-entry VehicleGuofu Liu, Daochun Li, Jinwu Xiang*, Wenli LuoSchool of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Areonautics and Astronautics, Xueyuan Road No.37, Haidian District,Beijing 100191, China AbstractIn 2005 and in 2012, the SHarp Edge Flight EXperiment SHEFEX I and SHEFEX II of DLR have been established. Low lift-to-drag ratio of them limits active control ability. This paper studies on a sharp-edge stealthy re-entry vehicle with high lift-to-drag ratio. The focus will be laid upon designing and modeling of a sharp-edge stealthy re-entry vehicle by analyzing of lift-to-drag ratio and center of gravity, and also upon stealth performance researches. All aerodynamic performance analysis are based on Modified Newtonian Theory, it’s proved to be more precise for a sharp-edge hypersonic re-entry vehicle relative to the Piston Theory and Shock-Expansion Method. A procedure based on physical optics and method of equivalent currents for radar cross section calculation. As result, the configuration and the center of gravity are determined, and a good stealth performance is demonstrated.© 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CSAA). Keywords: Sharp-edge; Hypersonic; Re-entry vehicle; StealthNomenclatureL/Dlift-to-drag ratio CoGcenter of gravity RCS radar cross section* Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-010-8231 7385; Fax: +86-010-8231 7385.E-mail address:****************.cn© 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CSAA)164G uofu Liu et al. / P rocedia Engineering 99 ( 2015 )163 – 167AoA angle of attack1.IntroductionIn 2005, the SHarp Edge Flight EXperiment SHEFEX I of DLR has been established to demonstrate the feasibility of space vehicles with facetted Thermal Protection System (TPS) by keeping or improving aerodynamic properties. In 2012, SHEFEX II has been established, it focuses on hypersonic flight control using steerable canard fins and new TPS concepts. By comparing the results of these two experiments and the results of computer simulations, a lot of researches of sharp-edge re-entry vehicles have been made in aero thermo-dynamics[1-4], aerodynamics, flight dynamics[5-7], flight control, structure design[8,9], subsystem design[10-13].Sharp-edge vehicles have a good aerodynamic performance, as well as good stealth performance because of its faceted shape. The SHEFEX is designed for researches and exp eriments of basic science and components. What’s more, sharp-edge vehicles may provide the key technologies of microgravity experiment vehicles, high speed global passenger transport, space passenger transport, and also some military applications. Thus, it’s valuable for researches.This paper includes 3 parts. Firstly, we analyze the maximum L/D evolution with shape changing of a sharp-edge re-entry vehicle based on REX-203, whose external shape was developed by the Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology[14]. The calculation of L/D is based on modified Newtonian theory, which has been demonstrated reliable for this vehicle by author’s another paper[15], Part two is the analysis of aerodynamic properties with trims to find the CoG. Lastly, the stealth performance is investigated with a RCS calculation procedure based on physical optics and method of equivalent currents.2.Shape determination and modelingModified Newtonian Theory is used to calculate the maximum L/D and analyze trimming performance. Modified Newtonian theory is demonstrated by author’s another paper[15], it’s proved to be more precise for a sharp-edge hypersonic re-entry vehicle relative to the Piston Theory and Shock-Expansion Method.Table 1 gives the overall dimensions of the REX configuration. This vehicle body is composed by 3 parts: head, middle and aft. In this section, the lengths of these 3 parts will be changed to find the maximum L/D evolution, but the overall length is constant.Fig. 1. REX-203 geometry. Fig. 2. Maximum L/D with configuration changing.Figure. 2 shows the curve of maximum L/D changing with middle length. The maximum value of 2.05 is achieved for a middle part length of 0.22m, and the value about 2 is achieved for middle length from 0.1m to 0.7 m.A high L/D will be chosen for the major part of the re-entry flight to achieve maximum downrange and cross range.The maximum L/D decreases rapidly with the growing of middle part from 0.7m.165G uofu Liu et al. / P rocedia Engineering 99 ( 2015 )163 – 167Table 1. Dimensions of REX-203Dimensions Value (m)Overall length without flaps 1.68Maximum width 1.11Maximum height 0.525Flap length 0.27Flap width 0.485Fig. 3. Vehicle Internal Accommodation.Despite L/D, it also exists others principles to determine the shape, includes:x low geometric complexity for keeping construction effort lowx low overall massx large inner volume enough to payloadx trim capabilityx small flap anglex aerodynamic stabilityFor these principles and the form of payload, the shape is determined for a middle length of 0.7m. For vehicle modeling, we relied on a commercial software CATIA. The global mass for this vehicle is estimated to 469.6kg and the longitudinal CoG during re-entry is currently located at 64% of the length of the vehicle.3.Aerodynamic analysisFigure. 4 shows evolution of flap angles for trimming at different CoG positions. The maximum of L/D is achieved for an AOA 14.54噛, this AoA will be chosen for major part of re-entry flight. And also at the beginning of re-entry flight, the vehicle is at AoA 52.23噛of maximum lift[15]. A negative flap angle will decrease the control ability, so we chose the CoG position where the flap angle is positive. So the best CoG position is located at 63% to 65% of length of the vehicle. As the result of modeling in section 1, CoG is located 64%of length, which prove the position of CoG of model is reasonable. The corresponding body flap angle is 10.24噛and 1.59噛.Fig. 4. Flap angle for trimming at different CoG positions. Fig. 5. Pitch coefficient for body flap angle ¨ = 10.24噛and1.59噛for trimming at AoA = 14.54噛and 52.23噛166G uofu Liu et al. / P rocedia Engineering 99 ( 2015 )163 – 1674.Stealth performance analysisRCS calculation is accomplished with a procedure based on physical optics and method of equivalent currents.Before being application, it is tested on the NASA RCS benchmark of cone-sphere to demonstrate its capability.Figure. 6 shows the cone-sphere, the height of the cone is 605mm and the radius of sphere is 75mm. The frequency of incident wave is 9GHZ. Figure. 7 shows the comparison of the result obtained by this procedure and the benchmark. The good precision permits us to use it in the sharp-edge vehicle.Fig. 6. NASA RCS Benchmark of Cone-sphere . Fig. 7. Result of the test by NASA RCS benchmark of cone-sphere.Figure. 8 shows the stealth performance of this vehicle in different conditions. Between angle of f45Ϩin front of the vehicle, the RCS is less than -10dBsm (0.1m2), which means the vehicle has a good stealth performance.Fig. 8. RCS of the vehicle in different incident waves (a) 1GHZ (b) 5GHZ (c) 10GHZ.167G uofu Liu et al. / P rocedia Engineering 99 ( 2015 )163 – 1675.ConclusionIn this paper we first modeled the configuration of a sharp-edge stealthy re-entry vehicle. The parameters of model are : 1.68 meter long, 1.11 meter wide, 0.525 meter high, 0.27 meter flap long, 470 kg total mass (include payload). The CoG is located at 64% of the length of the vehicle, which leads to a L/D above 2. The influence of flap angle by the CoG position is studied, and the best position obtained is from 63% to 65% long of total. Analysisof aerodynamic stability shows that this re-entry vehicle has stability during re-entry phase. At last, we investigate the stealth performance with a RCS calculation procedure based on physical optics and method of equivalent currents, they is tested by the NASA RCS Benchmark of cone-sphere. By comparing with F117, this re-entry vehicle has a good stealth performance (RCS < -10 dBm2).References[1] Böhrk H, Dittert C, Tiele T, et al. Thermal testing of the sharp leading edge of SHEFEX-II[C]. 18th AIAA/3AF International Space Planesand Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. 2012.[2] Barth T, Longo J. Advanced aerothermo-dynamic analysis of SHEFEX I[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology. 2010, 14(8): 587 -593.[3] Barth T. Aerothermodynamic analysis to SHEFEX I[J]. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics. 2007, 1(1): 76-84.[4] Eggers T, Stamminger A, Hörschgen M, et al. The hypersonic experiment SHEFEX aerothermodynamic layout, vehicle development and firstflight results[C]. Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Launcher Technolo gies ‘Flight Environment Control for Future and Operational Launchers’.2005.[5] Dietlein I, Kopp A. System analysis for “sharp-edge” re-entry vehicles[C]. AIAA 2009-7427.[6] Eggers T, Barth T. Aerodynamic analysis of the dlr flight experiment SHEFEX[J]. AIAA 2006-8027.[7] Calvo J B, Eggers T. Application of a coupling of aerodynamics and flight dynamics to the SHEFEX I flight experiment[J]. AIAA 2011-2323.[8] Lorenz S, Bierig A. Robustness Analysis Related to the Control Design of the SHEFEX-II Hypersonic Canard Control Experiment[J]. AIAA2013-4857.[9] Weihs H, Reimer T, Laux T. Mechanical architecture and status of the flight unit of the sharp edge flight experiment SHEFEX[C]. 55thInternational Astronautical Congress. 2004.[10] Theil S, Schlotterer M, Hallmann M, et al. Hybrid navigation system for the SHEFEX-2 mission[C]. AIAA 2008-6991.[11] Neumann N, Samaan M, Conradt M, et al. Attitude determination for the SHEFEX 2 mission using a low cost star tracker[C]. AIAA 2009-6279.[12] Preci A, Herdrich G, Auweter-Kurtz M. The combined sensor system COMPARE for SHEFEX II[J]. AIAA 2009-7264.[13] Preci A, Herdrich G, Fasoulas S, et al. Assembly, integration and test of the sensor system COMPARE for SHEFEX II[J]. AIAA 2011-3780.[14] Barth, T. Aerothermodynamische voruntersuchung der REX-Free flyer konfiguration. Internal Report, DLR Institut für Aerodynamik undStrömungstechnik, September 2009[15]Liu G, Li D, Xiang J, et al. Aerodynamic calculation of a stealthy hypersonic re-entry vehicle[C]. 8th National Conference on fluidmechanics of China.2014.。
2014internationa...
2014 International Symposium on Safety Science and TechnologyBeijing, China, November 4 6, 2014参加会议通知:“2014安全科学与技术国际会议(2014 ISSST)”将于2014年11月4－6日在北京西郊宾馆举行， 11月3日报到。
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2014美国培训杂志中国峰会将于5月在上海举办
2014美国培训杂志中国峰会将于5月在上海举办
佚名
【期刊名称】《人力资源管理》
【年(卷),期】2014(000)002
【摘要】ACTGroupLearningLimited作为美国培训杂志中国唯一官方合作伙伴,致力于为中国的人力资源管理人士提供国际化、最前沿的学习与发展平台,自2012年8月以来ACT已成功举办过3届中大型高端会议和4次面授认证课程。
【总页数】1页(P73-73)
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】F240
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美国协会名称中英文对照
AA Aluminum Association美国铝协会AAB American Association of Bioanalysis美国生物分析协会AABB American Association of Blood Banks美国血库协会AABC Associated Air Balance Council美国空气平衡理事会AACC American Association of Cereal Chemists美国谷物化学师协会AALA American Association for Laboratory Accreditation美国实验室认可协会AAMA American Architectural Manufacturers Association美国建筑制造商协会AAMI Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation美国医疗器械促进协会AAR Association of American Railroads美国铁路协会AASHTO American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials 美国公路与运输员工协会ABMA American Bearing of Manufacturers Association美国锅炉制造商协会ABS American Bureau of Shipping美国船舶局ABYC American Boat & Yacht Council美国短艇与游艇委员会ACI American Concrete Institute美国混凝土学会ACM Association for Computing Machinery美国计算机械协会ACS American Chemical Society美国化学协会ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists美国政府工业卫生工作者会议AES Abrasive Engineering Society美国电镀商协会AFNOR Association Francaise de Normalisation <France>法国标准化协会AGA American Gas Association美国煤气协会AGMA American Gear Manufacturers Association美国齿轮制造商协会AHA American Hardboard Association美国硬纸报协会AHAM Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers 美国家用器具制造商协会AHS American Helicopter Society美国直升机协会AI Asphalt Institute美国沥青学会AIA Aerospace Industries Association of America美国航空航天工业协会AIA American Institute of Architects美国建筑师协会AIA Automated Imaging Association美国自动成像协会AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics 美国航空学和航天学学会AIChE American Institute of Chemical Engineers美国化学工程师学会AIIM Association for Information & Image Management 美国信息和图像管理协会AIP American Institute of Physics美国物理学会AISC American Institute of Steel Construction美国钢结构学会AITC American Institute of Timber Construction美国木结构学会ALMA Aircraft Locknut Manufacturers Association美国飞机锁紧螺母制造商协会ALSC American Lumber Standards Committee美国木材标准委员会AMCA Air Movement & Control Association美国空气运动和控制协会ANS American Nuclear Society美国核协会ANSI American National Standards Institute美国国家标准协会AOA American Optometric Association美国验光协会AOAC Association of Official Analytical Chemists美国官方分析化学师协会AOCS American Oil Chemists Society美国油料化学师协会APA American Plywood Association美国夹板协会API American Petroleum Institute美国石油学会APWA American Public Works Association美国公共工程协会AREA American Railway Engineering Association美国铁路工程协会ARI Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute美国空气调节与制冷学会ARINC Aeronautical Radio, Inc.美国航空无线电设备公司ASA Acoustical Society of America美国声学协会ASAE American Society of Agricultural Engineers美国农业工程师学会ASC X3 Information Technology of Information Technology Industry Council <TTT> <formerly CBEMA> 美国信息技术工业理事会信息技术ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers美国国内工程师协会ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers美国取暖、制冷与空调工程师协会ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers美国机械工程师协会ASME BPVC ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel CodeASME锅炉和压力容器法规ASMT American Society for Medical Technology美国医疗技术协会ASNT American Society for Nondestructive Testing美国无损试验协会ASQC American Society for Quality Control美国质量控制协会ASSE American Society of Safety Engineers美国安全工程师协会ASSE American Society of Sanitary Engineering美国卫生工程协会ASTM American Society for Testing & Materials美国材料和试验协会ATA Air Transport Association of America美国航空运输协会ATSC Advanced Television Systems Commission美国先进电视系统委员会AVS American Vacuum Society美国真空协会AWCI Association of Wall & Ceiling Industries美国墙与天棚工业协会AWS American Welding Society美国焊接协会AWWA American Water Works Association美国水工程协会BHMA Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association美国建筑五金制造商协会BiCSi Bulding Industry Consulting Services International国际建筑工业咨询服务社BIS Bureau of Indian Standards印度标准局BOCA Bulding Officials & Code Administrators美国建筑员工和法规管理者BSI British Standards Institute英国标准学会CAGI Compressed Air & Gas Institute美国压缩空气与气体协会CAM-I Computer Aided Manufacturing International Manufacturers Association 计算机辅助制造国际制造商协会CBEMA See ASC X3见ASC X3CECC CENELEC Electronic Components Committee欧洲电工标准化委员会电子元器件委员会CEMA Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association美国输送装置制造商协会CEN European Committee for Standardization欧洲标准化委员会CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization欧洲电工标准化委员会CGA Compressed Gas Association美国压缩气体协会CGSB Canadian General Standards Board加拿大通用标准委员会CMA Chemical Manufacturers Association美国化学制造商协会CNS Chinese National Standards <ROC>##标准CRSI Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute美国混凝土用钢筋协会CSA Canadian Standards Association加拿大标准协会CSI Construction Specifications Institute美国建筑规格学会CSMA Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association美国化学特殊制品制造商协会CTFA Cosmetic, Toiletry & Fragrance Association美国化妆品和香水协会DEF STDS British Defense Standards <UK>英国国防标准DIN Deutsches Institut fur Normung, e.V. <Germany>德国标准化协会DRM Drawing Requirements Manual美国制图要求手册DS Dansk Standardiseringsrad <Denmark>丹麦标准协会ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association欧洲计算机制造商协会EIA Electronic Industries Association美国电子工业协会EIAJ Electronics Industries Association of Japan日本电子工业协会ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute欧洲电信标准学会EUROCAE European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment欧洲民航设备组织FCI Fluid Controls Institute美国流体控制学会FMS Factory Mutual Society美国工厂合作协会FORD Ford Motor Company福特汽车公司FPA Flexible Packaging Association美国软包装协会FSF Flight Safety Foundation美国飞行安全基金会GAMA General Aviation Manufacturers Association美国通用航空制造商协会GM General Motors Company通用汽车公司GOST State Committee for Quality Control and Standards <Russia/CIS> 俄罗斯国家质量控制和标准委员会HI Hydraulic Institute美国水力学会HVI Home Ventilating Institute美国家用通风装置学会IAPMO International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials国际卫生管道和机械员工协会IATA International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织ICBO International Conference of Building Officials国际建筑员工会议ICEA Insulated Cable Engineers Association美国绝缘电缆工程师协会IEC International Electrotechnical Commission国际电工委员会IEEE Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers美国电气与电子工程师协会IES Illuminating Engineering Society美国照明工程协会IFAI Industrial Fabrics Association International国际工业织物协会IFI Industrial Fasteners Institute美国工业紧固件学会IIE Institute of Industrial Engineers美国工业工程师学会IMSA International Municipal Signal Association国际市政信号协会IMO International Maritime Organization国际海事组织IPC Institute for Interconnecting & Packaging Electronic Circuits美国印刷电路学会IPS International Plastics Selector国际塑料选萃ISA Instrument Society of America美国仪表学会ISO International Organization for Standardization国际标准化组织ISUZU ISUZU Motors Limited五十铃汽车公司ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers美国运输工程师学会ITI Information Technology Industry Council美国信息技术工业理事会ITS Institute for Telecommunications Science美国电信科学学会ITU International Telecommunications Union国际电信联盟JSA Japanese Standards Association日本标准协会John Deere Company琼.德拉公司MSS Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve & Fittings Industry 美国阀门和配件制造商标准化协会NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers美国全国腐蚀工程师协会NAPM National Association of Photographic Manufacturing美国全国摄像制造协会NAS National Aerospace Standards美国国家航空航天标准NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公约组织NBBPVI National Board of Boiler & Pressure Vessel Inspectors 美国全国锅炉与压力容器检验师委员会NCCLS National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards 美国全国临床实验室标准委员会NEBB National Environmental Balancing Bureau美国全国环境平衡局NEC National Electrical Code美国国家电气法规NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association美国全国电气制造商协会NFPA National Fire Protection Association美国全国防火协会NFPA National Fluid Power Association美国全国流体动力协会NFPA National Forest Products Association美国全国森林产品协会NISO National Information Standards Organization美国全国信息标准组织NMEA National Marine Electronics Association美国全国航海电子协会NSF Norges Standardiseringsforbund <Norway>挪威标准化协会NSF National Sanitation Foundation美国全国卫生基金会ON Osterreisches Normungistitut <Austria>奥地利标准化协会OSA Optical Society of America美国光学协会OPEI Outdoor Power Equipment Institute美国室外动力设备学会PDI Plumbing & Drainage Institute美国供排水学会RIA Robotic Industries Association美国机器人工业协会RMA Rubber Manufacturers Association美国橡胶制造商协会RTCA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics美国航空无线电技术委员会RVIA Recreation Vehicle Industry Association美国车辆保养工业协会SAA Standards Association of Australia澳大利亚标准协会SAE Society of Automotive Engineers美国机动工程师协会SANZ Standards Association of New Zealand新西兰标准化协会SASO Saudi Arabian Standards Organization沙特阿拉伯标准化组织SBAC Society of British Aerospace Companies英国航空航天公司协会SDI Steel Deck Institute美国钢甲板学会SDI Steel Door Institute美国钢门学会SEMI Semiconductor Equipment & Materials Institute美国半导体设备和材料学会SFS Suomen Standardisoimislitto Informaatiopalvelu <Finland>芬兰标准化协会SIS Standardiseringkommissionen I Sverige <Sweden>瑞典标准化委员会SJI Steel Joist Institute美国工字钢梁学会SMACNA Sheet Metal & Air Conditioning Contractors National Association 美国全国金属薄板与空气调节承包商协会SMMA Small Motor Manufacturing Association美国小型发动机制造商协会SMPTE Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers美国电影与电视工程师协会SPI Society of the Plastics Industry美国塑料工业协会TAPPI Technical Association of Pulp & Paper Industries美国纸浆与造纸工业技术协会TCA Tile Council of America美国瓷砖委员会TIA Telecommunications Industry Association美国电信工业协会TMA Toy Manufacturers of America美国玩具制造商协会TTMA Truck Trailer Manufacturers Association美国卡车拖车制造商协会UL Underwriters Laboratories美国保险商实验室USP U.S. Pharmacopeia美国药典委员会VDE Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker e.V. <Germany>德国电气工程师协会VDI Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure <Germany>德国工程师协会VRCI Variable Resistive Components Institute美国可变电阻元件学会WSFI Wood & Synthetic Flooring Institute美国木地板和合成纤维地板学会FDA,CFR等其他200多种国外标准、技术法规和合格评定资料。