K哥四级阅读讲义
大学英语四级阅读讲义
支撑、论证
论证论证
论证或扩展
扩展扩展
扩展的作用。只是起着解释
解释解释
解释、支撑
支撑支撑
支撑、论证
论证论证
：第一步
第一步第一步
第一步：
：：
：首先
首先首先
首先快速通读
快速通读快速通读
快速通读全
全全
全
文
文文
文，
，，
，从
从从
从总体上
总体上总体上
总体上大致把握文章内容
大致把握文章内容大致把握文章内容
大致把握文章内容，
，，
复杂句复杂句
复杂句来达到增加文章难度
的目的。的目的。
多重并列句
多重并列句多重并列句
多重并列句、多重复合句
多重复合句多重复合句
多重复合句、被动句
被动句被动句
被动句、插入成
插入成插入成
插入成
分
分分
分、分隔句
分隔句分隔句
分隔句、省略句
省略句省略句
常见题型常见题型
常见题型1.主旨题
主旨题主旨题
主旨题
2. 细节题
细节题细节题
细节题
3. 推理题
推理题推理题
推理题
4. 词义题
词义题词义题
词义题((一一) ) 主旨题
主旨题主旨题
主旨题主旨题
主旨题主旨题
主旨题这类问题主要测试考生把握主题
illustrate, demonstrate等
等等
等
英语四级讲座阅读理解PPT课件
二 细节题
（1）表现形式 （2）解题方法 （3）注意点
(1)表现形式
(2) 解题方法
先看题干，再看原文，带着题干个别的特有 信息或者带着题干的中心话题在原文定位
What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves? handball player
(1)、主旨题表现形式
What’s the best title for this passage? What is the main idea of the passage? The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____” What’s the author’s attitude toward….?
表示贬义的词汇
critical critical negative suspicious tolerant worried Disgusted（厌恶的） （批评的） negative （否定的） pessimistic bitter Depressed disappointed ironic suspicious（怀疑的） tolerant（容忍的） worried（担忧 sarcastic cynical sentimental angry 的） （悲观的） bitter（痛苦的） Depressed（沮丧的） pessimistic disappointed（失望的） ironic（讽刺的） sarcastic（挖苦 的） cynical（玩世不恭的） sentimental（感伤的）angry（气愤 的）
补充：在态度题中经常出现的单词
CET-4 阅读理解专题讲座
5类词性考查
名词：主语、定语、介词的宾语和动词的宾 语
动词：原形、第三人称单数、过去式 动词的现在分词和过去分词： 1. 现在分词：与be动词构成进行时；用作形容
词，在句中作表语或定语；作伴随状语 2. 过去分词：用于完成时态；用于构成被动语
态；作形容词，在句中作表语或定语；作伴 随状语
形容词：可在句中作表语，位于系动词 之后；也可作定语，修饰名词。在形容 词前后常见的是名词、副词、be动词或 系动词。
CET-4 阅读理解专题讲座
阅读理解部分概述
阅读理解部分在整套四级试卷中所占比 例为35%，等同于听力，故有 “得阅 读者得四级” 之说！
试题类型： 1. 快速阅读 2. 篇章词汇理解 3. 篇章阅读理解 大纲解读：快速+准确
快速阅读
基本要求：要求考生在15分钟内读完一 篇1000词左右的文章，并解答后面的10 道问题；要求考生运用略读(skimming) 和查读(scanning) 的技能从文章中获取 信息。略读考查学生获取文章主旨大意 或中心思想的能力，查读考查学生利用 各种提示快速查找特定信息的能力。
标题型：
Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 目的型：
The purpose of the writer in writing the passage is to___.
2个观点态度题的考查方向
阅读理解中常会问到作者或文中人物对某 一问题的态度(attitude) 或全文的基调 (tone)。观点态度题的回答应从篇章的题 材入手，一般而言，在说明文中作者的 态度是客观的或中立的。 作者对别人观点的理解 作者自己的观点
大学英语四级考试阅读讲座课件
2. Scanning 寻读
寻读基本步骤 寻读技巧 （1）寻找信号词。 （2）巧用标点符号
Scanning
寻读基本步骤： 1. Decide exactly what information you are looking for, and think about the form it may take. For example, if you want to know when something happened, you would look for a date. If you want to find out who did something, you would look for a name. -----read the questions 2. Decide where you need to look to find the information you want. You probably would not look for sports scores on the front page of the newspaper, nor would you look under the letters S for the telephone number of Sam Potter. ------find out some key words
B. 快速阅读基本方法
Skimming 浏览了解文章大意 To skim is to read quickly in order to get the general idea of a passage. Skimming requires the reader to note only information and clues which provide an idea of the central theme or topic of a piece of writing. When you skim, you read only selected sentences in order to get the main idea. You should also use textual clues such as italicized or underlined words, headlines or subtitles, spacing, paragraphing, etc. Do not read every word or sentence.
2024大学四级考试阅读理解部分PPT精品文档
PPT精品文档•大学四级考试概述•阅读理解技巧与策略•历年真题分析与演练•阅读理解常见误区及应对方法目录•阅读理解备考建议与计划•模拟试题与答案解析01大学四级考试概述考试目的与要求目的检测学生的英语综合应用能力，尤其是阅读理解能力。
要求考生需掌握一定的词汇量，具备基本的语法知识和阅读技巧，能够准确理解文章的主旨大意、细节信息和作者态度等。
试卷结构与题型试卷结构四级考试试卷通常由写作、听力理解、阅读理解和翻译四个部分组成。
题型阅读理解部分包括选词填空、长篇阅读和仔细阅读三种题型，旨在全面检测考生的阅读能力和技巧。
阅读理解部分在四级考试中占据较大分值比例，对考生的总成绩具有重要影响。
分值占比高提升综合能力备考重点通过阅读不同题材和体裁的文章，考生可以扩大知识面，提高英语语感，培养跨文化交际能力等。
阅读理解是备考四级考试的重点和难点之一，考生需要针对该部分进行系统的训练和复习。
030201阅读理解部分的重要性02阅读理解技巧与策略略读与寻读技巧略读快速浏览文章，抓住文章大意和结构，注意文章标题、副标题、段落首尾句等关键信息。
寻读根据题干中的关键词，快速在文章中定位相关信息，提高答题效率。
猜测词义与推理判断猜测词义根据上下文语境、构词法、同义词、反义词等线索猜测生词词义。
推理判断根据文章提供的信息，通过逻辑推理、归纳总结等手段，推断出作者未明确表述的内容。
主旨大意与细节理解主旨大意理解文章的中心思想和主题，注意文章标题、段落首尾句、转折词等关键信息。
细节理解关注文章中的具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、事件等，注意细节信息与主旨大意的联系。
03历年真题分析与演练回顾历年四级考试阅读理解真题，总结考点和出题规律。
分析历年真题中的难点和易错点，提供解题思路和技巧。
归纳历年真题中的高频词汇和短语，帮助考生扩大词汇量。
历年真题回顾与总结细节理解题主旨大意题推理判断题词汇理解题典型题型分析与解题技巧01020304分析题干中的关键词和短语，定位原文中的相关信息，理解并比较选项与原文的异同。
大学英语四级阅读方法技巧讲解PPT
Thank you！
• 解析：文章段落内容冗长，但只需抓住重点即 可快速做答。题目问到两个公司 Reebok和Nike ，快速浏览段落就可以发现这两个公司是在最 后一句才同时出现的。所以先忽略过前面的内 容，重点看最后一句。题目问的是Reebok 从 Nike的分销问题上能汲取什么教训，而最后一 句明显提到Nike在几年前错误判断了一个事情， 此时考生不用往下再看，紧紧抓住misjudge这 个动 作：既然Nike在几年前misjudge，Reebok 汲取到的教训当然是不要misjudge，直接对应 D选项中的correctly evaluate，即“正确评估”。
• 第二步，对照答案，针对做错的题目，在不查单词的前提 下，尽量根据上下文看出答题线索，并总结错误原因。
•
考生要抓住长难句的逻辑结构和论述方向来理解段落，
应对题目。段落的开头和结尾也属于比较重要的位置，重
点把握这两个位置，就能迅速了解段落大 意。同时，考生
千万不要小看文章中出现解释或说明的地方，那往往是考
• 下面举个例子：
• 例：Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness_related craze replacing aerobics shoes the same way its brightly colored, soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional running shoes. Through product diversification and careful market research, Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.
英语四级课程-阅读-讲义
英语四级课程-阅读(徐磊)-讲义(总15页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of af amily member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said avoid stressful such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerabl e (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity﹖ Many comethrough periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental strain.21. The result of Holmes-Rahe's medical research tells us ____ .A the way you handle major events may cause stressB what should be done to avoid stressC what kind of event would cause stressD how to cope with sudden changes in life22. The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ____ .A widespread concern over its harmful effectsB great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC an intensive research into stress-related illnessesD popular avoidance of stressful jobs23. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ____ .A how much pressure you are underB how positive events can change you lifeC how stressful a major event can beD how you can deal with life-changing events24. Why is “such simplistic advice” Line 1 impossible to follow﹖A No one can stay on the same job for longB No prescription is effective in relieving stressC People have to get married somedayD You could be missing opportunities as well25. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ____ .A nervous when faced with difficultiesB physically and mentally strainedC more capable of coping with adversityD indifferent toward what happens to themPsychiatrists （精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing - older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents' biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor. often means parents, particularly fathers, "end up retiring much later." For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf. a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he's also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he's learned that young at heart doesn't mean young. Lately he's been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to keep up his energy. "My body is aging," says Metcalf. "You can't get away from that."Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. "They worry they'll be mistaken for grandparents, orthat they'll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school," says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: "that they won't be alive long enough to support and protect their child," she says.Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility (受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband. Randy, had twins. "We both wanted children," says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, "a sense of family." Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. 'The dads are older, more mature," says Dr. Silber, "and more ready to focus on parenting."36. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?A) Older parents can better balance their resources against children's demands.B) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.C) Older parents are often better prepared financially.D) Older parents can take better care of their children.37. What does the author mean by saying "For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream" (Lines 7-8, Para. 1)A) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.B) They can't get full pension unless they work some extra years.C) They can't obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.D) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.38. The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show thatA) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age .B) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energyC) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodiesD) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children39. What's the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joan Galst?A) Being laughed at by other people.B) Slowing down of their pace of life.C) Being mistaken for grandparents.D) Approaching of death.40. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment.B) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.C) Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family.D) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range ofcommunications media has found that people are twice likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded — and can come back to haunt (困扰) you – appears to be the key to the findings.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca. New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.His results, to be presented at conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time – in an instant message or phone calls – than they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous responses to an expected question, such as: “Do you like me dress”Hancock hopes this research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.57. Hancock’s study focuses on____________.A the consequences of lying in various communications media.B the success of communications technologies in conveying ideasC people’s preferences in selecting communications technologies.D people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media.’s research finding surprised those who believed that_______.A people are less likely to lie in instant message.B people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactionsC people are most likely to lie in email communicationD people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversation.59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain medium of communication?A They are afraid of leaving behind traces of lies.B They believe that honesty is the best policy.C They tend to be relaxed when using those media.D They are most practiced at those forms of communications.60. According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales becauseA salesmen can talk directly to their customsB salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerateC salesmen can impress customers being trustworthyD salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively61. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications.B more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesC suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company.More than three dozen billionaires, including well-known philanthropist (慈善家) David Rockefeller, have promised at least half of their fortunes to charity, joining a programme that Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett started in June to encourage other wealthy people to give.The pledge is currently worth about $ 150 billion, but the programme predicts it will eventually be worth $ 600 billion."During even the Depression's worst years, my parents gave money - about 8% of their annual income of $ 2200," said Lorry Lokey, one of the donors, on thewebsite of the programme, the Giving Pledge, "I remember saying to my mother that we can't afford that. But she said we have to share with others."The pledge has been a matter of some debate in philanthropic and non-profit circles, with some experts dismissing it as mere publicity and others predicting that it would produce a flood of new money to support non-profit groups.Buffett said the real value of the pledge was found in the example it set and in the sentiments (情感) expressed in the letters posted on the website.Buffett and Gates will hold several dinners later this year to recruit more billionaires, and members of the Giving Pledge will meet annually to discuss their philanthropy.The pair are due to meet some wealthiest people in China next month and India in March."We hope this catches fire in some other countries," Buffett said, "If they want to take what we think is a good idea and run with it, we will be cheering."Buffett said the number of people who had agreed to sign on was at the high end of his expectations. He said some people who declined to sign the pledge were planning to give away most of their wealth but did not want to draw attention to those plans.Energy tycoon (大亨) Pickens, who is worth about $ 1 billion, said in his Giving Pledge letter: "I've long stated that I enjoy making money, and I enjoygiving it away. I'm not a big fan of inherited wealth. It generally does more harm than good."62. What's the purpose of the programme started by Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett?A) To spread the idea of charity around the world.B) To publicise the pains and gains of charity work.C) To involve more wealthy people in philanthropy.D) To narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.63. What message does Lorry Lokey intend to convey through his website posting?A) His family's income is far from large.B) The spirit of giving runs in his family.C) His family suffered during the Great Depression.D) The wealth of his family has come the hard way.64. Why are Buffett and Gates going to meet some wealthiest people in China and India?A) To share their experience with the newly rich there.B) To publicise their generosity in helping the needy.C) To persuade the wealthy people there to join their ranks.D) To help the billionaires there see the true value of money.65. What reason do some people give for declining to sign the pledge?A) They are unsure if they can meet the public's expectations.B) They have made plans for disposing of their wealth.C) They are still undecided whether to give or not.D) They are reluctant to be the focus of attention.66. What does energy tycoon Pickens try to say in his Giving Pledge letter?A) Blessed are those who inherit large fortunes.B) The more you give, the happier you will be.C) Leaving a fortune to one's children is unwise.D) Philanthropy can help free the poor from want.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产） protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency（自满）,” that explanation doesn’t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film—and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975—but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was bli nd to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate （企业的） culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing the dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji Photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji Photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English. Education soon became a __47__ . “I couldn'tunderstand anything,” he said. He __48__ from his teachers, came home in tears,and thought about dropping out. Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, beganto work with him while teaching him math and science in his __49__ Spanish.“She helped me stay smart while teaching me English,” he said. Given the chanceto demonstrate his ability, he __50__ confidence and began to succeed in school.Today, he is a __51__ doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with severalhospitals. Every day, he uses the language and academic skills he __52__ throughbilingual education to treat his patients. Roberto’s story is just one of __53__success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most __54__way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically.In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students __55__ outperform their peers inmonolingual programs. Calexico, Calif., implemented bilingual education, andnow has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college__56__ rates of more than 90%.In El Paso, bilingual education programs have helped raise student scoresfrom the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.•A) wonder I) hidB) acquired J) prominent C) consistently K) decentD) regained L) countless E) nightmare M) recalled F) native N) breakthrough G) acceptance O) automaticallyH) effectiveEI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange __47__ happens every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in _48_, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃.The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe_49_ thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, __50__ floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and_51_.EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most __52__ weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds_53_of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists _54__this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years.Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will __55__, but they are still not __56__sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.[A] estimate [I] completely[B] strength [J] destructive[C] deliberately [K] starvation[D] notify [L] bringing[E] tropical [M] exhaustion[F] phenomenon [N] worth[G] stable [O] strike[H] attractionIt's the first question parents ask when their child is diagnosed with autism (自闭症). Will his future brothers or sisters have a higher risk of __47__ it, too According to the largest study of siblings (兄弟姐妹) in families with autism, the answer is yes. Among 664 children who had at least one older sibling with the developmental disorder, the __48__ risk of autism was nearly 19%, __49__ higher than previous sibling-recurrence estimates that were anywhere from 3% to 10%. Kids with more than one older autistic sibling had an even higher risk of the disorder: 32%.The __50__ suggest that genes play a key role in autism risk. But they also hint that other environmental factors __51__ by siblings, like influences in the womb (子宫), may be important as well.On the __52__ of the findings, the researchers recommend that doctors closely __53__ younger siblings of autistic children to pick up any early signs of the disorder, __54__ an unusually large head or delayed language development and communication skills. Evidence suggests that early __55__ and diagnosis ofautism can help children take advantage of therapies that can treat some of its __56__.•A) average I) including•B)basis J) monitor•C)common K) reason•D)consequently L)results•E) detection M) shared•F) developing N) symbols•G) distributed O) symptoms•H) dramaticallyUniversities Branch OutA) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering coursesof study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative(合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the . In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships(实习) abroad toprepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his . team.F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to . universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the . Objections from American university and business leaders led to。
2024版大学四级快速阅读做题技巧ppt课件
01阅读理解题型概述Chapter题型特点与分值分布题型多样分值较高时间紧迫占总分的35%，每题分值不等需要在有限的时间内快速阅读并答题包括选择题、填空题、匹配题等历年真题回顾与趋势分析01020301制定详细的备考计划，分阶段进行复习020304多做历年真题和模拟题，提高阅读速度和准确性注重词汇和语法的积累，提高文章理解能力合理安排时间，保证每天有一定的阅读量备考策略及时间安排02词汇与短语积累Chapter01020304制定词汇学习计划上下文记忆法利用词根词缀记忆反复复习与实践高频词汇总结与记忆方法常见短语搭配及用法举例动词短语形容词短语名词短语介词短语同义词辨析和替换技巧同义词辨析替换技巧03句子理解与翻译技巧Chapter01020304快速定位主谓宾，理解句子核心意思。
识别句子主干识别定语从句、状语从句等，明确从句与主句的关系。
分析从句类型将长句拆分成若干短句，逐个理解，再整合全句意思。
拆分长句采用顺译、倒译等方法，保证译文通顺、准确。
翻译技巧长难句结构分析与翻译方法强调句注意省略的部分，根据上下文补充完整意思。
省略句倒装句应对策略01020403熟悉特殊句式结构，通过大量练习提高识别速度和准确性。
识别it was ... that 等强调句型，理解被强调部分的重要性。
识别倒装结构，调整语序以理解句子意思。
特殊句式识别及应对策略理解段落主题快速浏览段落首尾句，把握段落主题和中心思想。
寻找关键词注意转折词、因果词等，理解句子间的逻辑关系。
分析句子间联系理解句子间的并列、转折、因果等关系，把握文章脉络。
预测下文内容根据已知信息，预测下文可能涉及的内容，提高阅读速度。
上下文逻辑关系把握04文章结构分析与主旨把握Chapter文章类型识别及结构特点记叙文01说明文02议论文03段落间逻辑关系梳理转折关系前后段落意思相反或相对，常用转折词有“但是”、“然而”、“尽管如此”等。
因果关系前后段落存在原因和结果的关系，常用因果词有“因为”、“所以”、“因此”等。
2024英语四级阅读解题技巧PPT课件
课件•Overview of question types andproblem solving strategies•Tips for solving detail comprehensionproblems目•The method of solving the main ideaproblem录•Strategies for solving reasoning andjudgment problems•How to deal with vocal comprehensionquestions目•Sentence fill in the blank questionanswering skills录01Overview ofquestion typesand problemsolvingstrategiesThese are the most common type of questions in CET-4 reading comprehension, requiring students toselect the best answerfrom multiple options MultipleChoiceQuestionsStudents must determine which statement is true orfalse based on the information provided inthe passage True or False Questions These questions test students' understanding of specific details or concepts by asking them to complete a sentence or paragraph with the correct information Fill in the blank Questions Students must match items from two different lists, such as matching heads with paragraphs or matching definitions with termsMatching Questions Introduction to CET-4 Reading Question TypesGeneral problem solving strategies•Skimming and Scanning: Skimming investments quickly reading the passage to get a general understanding of the main idea, while scanning investments searching for specific information or keywords•Understanding Question Types: Familiarizing yourself with the different types of questions and understanding what each type is asking for can help you approach the passage more effectively •Identifying Key Information: Learning to identify key information in the passage, such as the main idea, supporting details, and the author's purpose or title, is critical for answering questions correctly •Eliminating Incorrect Answers: Narrowing down your options by eliminating answers that are clearly incorrect can help you focus on the most likely correct answersTime management and answering sequence•Allocation Time: It is important to allocate your time willingly when taking the CET-4 reading comprehension section Determine how much time you have for each pass and question, and stick to your plan•Reading the Questions First: Sometimes it can be helpful to read the questions before reading the passage, as this can give you a better idea of what information you should be looking for •Answering Easy Questions First: If you come across a question that seems particularly difficult, it may be best to skip it and come back to it later Answering the eastern questions first can help you build confidence and momentum•Reviewing Your Answers: After you have finished answering all the questions, take a moment to review your answers and make sure that you have not missed any objective misses02Tips forsolving detailcomprehension problemsIdentify key information and vocabularyPay attention to nouns, ve…These word classes often contain important information and help tounderstand the main idea of the textLook for key phrases and presence structuresKey phrases and presence structures can provide clubs to the meaning of thetext and help to locate important information quicklyBe aware of synonyms and antonymsUnderstanding synonyms and antonyms can help to understand the meaningof words in context and avoid misunderstandingsPositioning the original text and answer areaRead the question carefull…Before looking for the answer in the text, it is important to understand whatinformation is being asked forScan the text quickly to locate relevant informationOnce the key information in the question has been identified, scan the textquickly to find the relevant sectionRead the relevant section carefully to find the answerAfter locating the relevant section of the text, read it carefully to find theanswer to the questionTechniques for identifying interference itemsEliminate objectively incorrect optionsSometimes there will be objectively incorrect options that can be identifiedimmediatelyCompare and contrast similar optionsIf there are multiple similar options, compare and contrast them to find the onethat best fits the information in the textUse determination method to arrow down choicesIf there are still several possible answers after identifying objectively incorrectoptions, use the determination method to arrow down the choices furtherExample analysis and practiceAnalyze example questions and answersLooking at example questions and answers can help understand how to apply the tips andtechniques learned in this sectionPractice with real CET-4 questionsPracticing with real CET-4 questions is essential for training confidence and improving problemsolving skillsReview and reflect on performanceAfter practicing, review your answers and reflect on your performance to identify areas forimprovement03The method ofsolving themain ideaproblemRead the title and subtitle to get a general idea of the content Skim through the articlequickly to grasp the mainpoints and structureIdentify the topic presenceof each paragraph tounderstand the main idea ofeach sectionDetermine the central idea of the articlePay attention to keywords that are repeated or emphasized in the textAnalyze the logical relationship between paragraphs to understand the connection betweenideasLook for topic senses at thebeginning or end of eachparagraphIdentify paragraph topic senses and keywordsSummarize the main idea of the article in your own words Identify the author's purposeand attitude towards thetopicAnalyze the languagefeatures and rhetoricaldevices used by the author toconvey the messageSummarize the main idea and techniques of the entire textExample analysis and practiceAnalyze sample questions and answers to understand the question typesand answering techniquesPractice solving main idea problems with different articles and questiontypesReflect on your own answers and compare them with the correct answers toidentify areas for improvement04Strategies forsolvingreasoning andjudgmentproblemsUnderstand the author's viewpoint and titleIdentify key senses and words01Look for topic senses, including senses, and words withemotional color to understand the author's viewpoint and titleAnalyze the author's argument02Examine the evidence and reasoning the author uses to supporttheir viewpoints, and identify any assumptions or biasesAdvisor the author's background03Take into account the author's expertise, experience, and anypotential conflicts of interest that may affect their viewpointInferring implied information or conclusionsRead between the linesLook for hints or clubs in the text that suggests whatthe author may be implying but not directly statingUse logical reasoningApply logical reasoning skills to draw conclusionsbased on the information provided in the textAdvisor the overall contextTake into account the larger context of the text,including the author's purpose and intendedaudience, to infer implied information or conclusionsIdentify facts andopinionsDistinguish between facts and opinions in the text, and determine which are relevant to the question at hand Evaluate evidenceand reasoningAssess the quality andeffectiveness of the evidenceand reasoning provided tosupport a specific viewpointor conclusionProvide reasonsand explanationsClearly explain why a specificanswer is correct or incorrect,and provide evidence andreasoning to support youranswerDetermine right and wrong and provide reasonsAnalyze samplequestionsExamine sample questions and answers to understand the types of reasoning and judgment problems you may account for on the CET-4 exam Identify commonmissesLook for common misses madeby students when solving thesetypes of problems, and learn howto avoid themPractice solvingproblemsPractice solving reasoning andjudgment problems using thestrategies you have learned, andseek feedback on your answers toimprove your skills010203 Example analysis and practice05How to dealwith vocalcomprehension questionsTechniques for guiding the meanings of unfriendly wordsWord formationUnderstanding word roots,prefixes, and suffixes can helpguide the meanings of unknownwordsWord associationAssociating unfriendly words withknown words or concepts can aidin comprehensionUsing examples Looking for examples orillustrations that account forunfamily words can clarify theirmeaningsUsing contextual clues to infer word meaningsReading the presence or pa…Understanding the context can provide includes to the word's meaningPaying attention to grammar and syntaxThe structure of the presence or paragraph can give hints about the meaningof unfriendly wordsConsidering the overall theme or topicUnderstanding the browser theme or topic of the text can help infer themeanings of specific words1 2 3Looking for words or phrases that have similar meanings to the unfriendly word can be aid in comprehensionSearching for synonymsA Thesaurus is a useful tool for finding synonyms and antonyms of unknown words Using a ThesaurusTrying to rephrase the presence containing the unfriendly word can help identify a suitable synonymRephrasing the presenceIdentify synonyms or synonym replacements01 02 03Analyzing sample questionsLooking at sample vocabulary comprehension questions and answers can help understand the types of questions that may be askedPracticing with real CET-4 materialsUsing authentic CET-4 reading materials for practice can help familiarize yourself with the vocabulary and question typesTimed practice sessionsSetting timed practice sessions can help improve speed and accuracy when dealing with vocal comprehension questions during the actual examExample analysis and practice06Sentence fill inthe blankquestionansweringskillsAnalyze sensitivity structure and determine the type of fill in the blankIdentify the subject, predict, andobject of the presence tounderstand its basic structureDetermine the type of fill in theblank, such as noun, verb,advisory, or advisory, based onthe presence structure andcontext Pay attention to any hints or clubs provided by the presence, such as positions, connections, or junction marksChois单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；根据需要可酌情增减文字，以便观者可以准确理解您所传达的信息，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；根据需要可酌情增减文字，以便观者可以准确理解您所传达的信息。
大学英语四级阅读技巧PPT课件
1.长篇阅读的文章基本都是专业题材的文章，
很多考生可能会觉得很陌生，不要求完全理解 只要求能够通过略读或查读的方式找到题干的 信息并根据原文内容相比做出正确选择。只是 有题干和答案简单的同义词替换 。 2.略读(Skimming)和寻读(Scanning)的能力在 大学英语四级考试中显得尤为重要 3.快速阅读要求考生的阅读速度是每分钟110140词
2021
3. 确定空格为形容词: 修饰名词或表示状态 (1)空格后面为名词，空格处应填入形容词; ___ + N.(
充当宾语或主语) (2)空格前面是副词，空格处应填入形容词;
adv+____ （充当表语或定语）
(3)空格前面是系动词，空格处应填入形容词作表语.
Be ,become, fall ill, keep silent, look/seem tired, grow
及格
在答题纸1上作答, 完成后交答题纸1. 剩下题目在答卡2上 作答.
426
35%
翻译15%
选词填空5% 长篇阅读10% 深度阅读20%
2021
阅读理解分值
新四级考试的阅读部分主要分为选词填空，长篇阅读和 深度（仔细）阅读三个部分。阅读分数占全卷的35%.
阅读理解(40mins)
35%
选词填空7 长篇阅读13仔细阅读20
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Pejorative prefixes: Mal—(badly), malnutrition,maltreat Mis—(wrongly), mislead, misunderstand Pseudo—(false, imitating), pseudonym,
2021
Prefixes of degree or size: Co—(joint): coexistence, cooperation, Hyper –(extreme): hypertention, Mini: minibike, Out—(surpassing): outnumber Over-, sub-, super-, overpass, subtitle Bi- , tri- bicycle, tricycle
四级考试阅读理解讲义
No的题一般分三种：正面冲突（contradict）、偷梁换柱(pilfer)、曲解原文（twist）。
与原文正面冲突的情况占90%。举例：
原文：United States ranks somewhere in the middle of the major countries in landfill disposal.问题：Compared with other major Industrialized countries, America buries a much higherpercentage of its solid waste in landfills. (样题)
大学英语四级考试的概况
四级起源：1987年9月
四级改革：2005年9月（公布新四级样题）
考试程序：写作---快速阅读---听力---仔细阅读（选词填空或简答题或篇章阅读）---完形填空和汉译英
考试开始后，考生首先在答题卡I上完成写作部分。30分钟后，监考人员发试题册，考生在接下来的15分钟内完成快速阅读部分的试题，然后，监考人员收回答题卡I，考生在答题卡II上完成剩余部分的试题。
快速阅读:（1200词的文章）
不会考对文章的深刻理解,所以可以快速解决.当然是以词汇量为基础，但是其实很多部分都可以略过不看，直接找到答案，节省宝贵的时间。
先读题目再看文章，注意读题目是快速地浏览，大概知道是问的什么就行，不要纠缠细节。然后看大小标题,直接看题,找到主题（topic）---所有的题目，不管是主旨题还是细节题还是推论题，一律以中心、主题为出发点来做答。支持主题的yes,反对主题的No,跑题的NG.
题目指出：Japanese government will send 800 officials to business schools in America to receive the best business education in the world.
大学四级阅读理解解题技巧ppt课件(2024)
隐含意义挖掘及作者态度把握
隐含意义挖掘法
通过深入分析文章中的措辞、语气等，挖掘出作者的隐含意图。
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作者态度把握法
识别文章中的情感词汇和评价性语言，理解作者对所述内容的态度 。
文化背景分析法
考虑文章所涉及的文化背景和社会环境，更好地理解作者的立场和 观点。
18
05
主旨大意与标题选择
长句简化法
将文章中的长句简化为短句，便于快速理解 和定位关键信息。
16
上下文联系及推理判断能力训练
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上下文联系法
通过阅读前后文，理解文章的整体逻辑和内在联系 。
推理判断法
根据已知信息，推断出文章未明确表述的内容或含 义。
例证分析法
通过分析文章中的具体例子，理解作者的观点和态 度。
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不注重词汇和语法的积累 。
应对策略
学会略读和扫读技巧，快 速浏览文章，抓住关键信
息。
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应对策略
注重文章结构和段落主题 句的理解，把握文章中心
思想。
应对策略
平时注重词汇和语法的积 累，提高阅读速度和准确
性。
5
备考建议与注意事项
制定备考计划
根据自身情况制定合理的备考计划，明确每天的学习任务和时间安排 。
分析句子结构
识别句子中的从句、非谓语动词等复杂结构，理清句 子层次。
理解上下文
结合文章背景和上下文语境，推断长难句的具体含义 。
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语法知识在阅读中的应用
01
理解句子成分
运用语法知识分析句子成分，如 定语、状语等，有助于更准确地 理解句意。
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2021年英语新四级考试阅读培训讲义(2)
2021年英语新四级考试阅读培训讲义(2)二、释义题(一)答题核心答题关键一：表面含义选项常为干扰项。
答题关键二：采用三句定位法：上一句，所在句，和下一句;同时关注暗示词三句定位的关键是要判断所考察短语与三句中某部分的关系。
(二)题型分析考纲内词汇：考察词汇在特定上下文中选取特定含义的能力考纲外词汇：考察根据上下文推断生词含义的能力陌生短语：考察根据上下文理解推断短语在特定上下文中含义的能力句子：考察根据上下文推断句子含义的能力(三)同义关系同义关系指考察对象与上下文中的某部分含义一致。
此时，可直接将上下文中含义一致的部分作为考察对象的含义答题即可。
例如，假如文章中提到“…A and B…”考察对象为A，而B短语已知，A的含义就是B短语的含义。
关键词有：in other word, and, also, that is, xxx (名词) + 定语从句;xxx (名词) + be + 名词或者从句;xxx (名词) + 同位语;xxx (名词) + be called /mean …(四)反义关系反义关系指考察对象与上下文中某部分的含义相反。
此时，可直接将上下文中含义的相反部分作为考察对象的含义答题即可。
关键词：but, not, yet, however, although, though, while(五)表面含义一般来说，释义题的干扰项常常是词、短语或句子的表面含义。
实际上，释义题考查的更像是考生根据上下文猜测词、短语、句子的能力，而不是对考查内容的字面理解能力。
有趣的是，考查内容的字面意义到成了出题人编写错误选项的一个出发点。
当然，有些考生会将四个选项带进文章，替换掉要考查的内容，认为哪个更“顺”一些，哪个就是答案，这也有一定的道理。
能够“顺”起来的，就是能够与上下文连贯起来的，即符合上下文。
4级英语长篇阅读讲解教案
4级英语长篇阅读讲解教案Title: Lesson Plan for 4th Level English Long Reading Comprehension。
Introduction:Reading comprehension is an essential skill for students to develop as they progress through their English language learning journey. In the 4th level of English language education, students are expected to have a solid foundation in reading and understanding longer and more complex texts. This lesson plan aims to provide teachers with a comprehensive guide to teaching reading comprehension at the 4th level of English language education.Objectives:To improve students' ability to comprehend and analyze longer and more complex English texts。
To enhance students' vocabulary and language skills through reading。
To develop students' critical thinking and analytical skills。
Materials:A variety of age-appropriate English texts such as short stories, articles, and excerpts from novels。
2019年公共英语四级考试课程辅导讲议2
2019年公共英语四级考试课程辅导讲议2 passage：reading techniques 阅读技巧the sports pages 体育专栏the business pages 商业专栏summary 摘要，概要headline 大字标题subheading 幅标题introduction 导言，序论chapter n.(书籍)章classified ads 分类广告caption 说明，字幕quote 引用nonfiction n.非小说的散文文学recipe book 食谱speed-reading 速读skim-reading 浏览，略读selective reading 选择性阅读memory vault 记忆库light receiver 感光器index finger 食指 (thumb, middle finger, ring finger, little finger)1.start withe.g. The teacher often starts his lecture with humorous stories.He started his speech with a touching story.2.equivalent adj.相等的, 相当的n.等价物, 相等物e.g. equivalent weight当量He changed his pounds for the equivalent amount of dollars.他把英镑换成了等值的美元。
Some American words have no British equivalent.美国英语的一些用法在英国英语中没有对等的词。
3.equal adj. 平等的，均等的e.g. Humans are born equal. 人生而平等。
We now share equal rights and opportunities. 我们现在享有相同的权利和机会。
大学英语新四级阅读培训讲义
大学英语新四级阅读培训讲义大学英语新四级阅读培训讲义一、文章类型及难度概述在新的大学英语四级考试中，阅读理解部分占据了较大的分值，约占总分的30%。
考试中的阅读文章主要来自于英文原版杂志、学术期刊和网络资源，内容涵盖社会、科技、文化、教育等多个领域。
文章类型主要包括论述型、说明型、应用型和事实型，其中论述型和说明型文章是考查的重点。
二、阅读技巧讲解1、主旨把握：在快速浏览全文后，抓住文章的主旨大意，理解作者的写作意图。
注意关注文章的主题句、关键词以及段落的转折和衔接处。
2、细节把握：在阅读过程中，要对关键细节进行标记，以便在回答细节题时迅速定位。
注意表示时间、地点、人物、事件等关键词。
3、推理判断：对于推断题，要善于根据上下文进行逻辑推理，不要过于依赖文中的字面意思。
在推理过程中，要注意选项的逻辑关系和内在一致性。
4、快速阅读：掌握快速阅读技巧，提高阅读速度。
注意避免逐字阅读、过度回视等不良习惯，要学会扫读、略读和跳读，快速寻找关键信息。
三、实例分析以某年四级阅读理解真题为例，本文主要讨论了网络隐私保护的问题。
在主旨把握方面，文章提出了网络隐私保护的重要性，并阐述了当前网络隐私保护面临的挑战；在细节把握方面，问题涉及了网络隐私保护的具体措施、法律条款等方面；在推理判断方面，题目要求根据文章内容推断出某些结论；在快速阅读方面，文章长度适中，需在规定时间内完成阅读。
四、复习要点1、词汇积累：加强英语词汇的积累，尤其是高频词汇和常见短语，以提高阅读理解的能力。
2、阅读训练：多进行英语阅读训练，逐步提高阅读速度和理解能力。
可以选择英文原版书籍、报纸杂志等进行阅读。
3、解题技巧：熟练掌握各种阅读技巧，如略读、扫读、跳读等，以提高阅读效率。
4、模拟测试：多做四级阅读理解模拟试题，熟悉考试题型和答题方法。
五、总结本讲义从文章类型及难度概述、阅读技巧讲解、实例分析、复习要点等方面介绍了大学英语新四级阅读培训的相关内容。
2020年大学英语四级阅读培训讲义(1)
2020年大学英语四级阅读培训讲义(1)（一）新四级介绍1、新四级题型分布表试卷构成测试内容测试题型比例听力理解听力对话短对话多项选择35%长对话多项选择听力短文短文理解多项选择短文听写复合式听写阅读理解仔细阅读理解篇章词汇理解选词填空35%篇章阅读理解多项选择快速阅读理解是非判断+句子填空或其他综合测试完型填空或改错多项选择15%错误辨认并改正篇章问答或句子翻译简短回答中译英写作写作短文写作15%新四级考试时间安排8： 00-9： 00组织考生进入考场，检查考生的准考证与学生证（或身份证）。
9： 00考生停止入场；发试卷、答题卡1和答题卡2；试卷不分A、B卷，考生不得提前启封；考生填涂两张答题卡上的姓名和准考证号。
注意只能用2B铅笔和黑色签字笔。
9： 10考试正式开始，考生做答题卡1上的写作部分（只能用黑色签字笔答题）9： 40写作部分考试结束，考生启封试卷，开始做试卷上的第一部分，即快速阅读理解部分。
9： 55收答题卡1，考生开始准备听力部分。
10： 00听力考试正式开始，时间约是35分钟。
听力部分结束后，考生开始做剩下的试题。
11： 20考试结束。
3、各项达标成绩：听力：150-160——20以上阅读：170-180——25以上综合：30-40——5左右作文：70-80——7左右（二）阅读理解概述一、考纲变化阅读理解部分在整套试卷中的比例由以前的40%调整为35%，其中仔细阅读部分占25%，快速阅读部分占10%.具体来说，仔细阅读部分的变化是由旧题型中的四篇常规阅读理解（每篇阅读文章后有5道选择题，共20题，共占总分值的40%），变为现在一篇选词填空和两篇常规阅读理解。
在《全国大学英语四、六级考试改革方案（试行）》中关于选词填空的描述为“对篇章语境中的词汇理解的测试”，即从一篇长度为250个单词左右的文章中留出10个单词的空格，要求考生从15个备选单词中选出10个准确的单词填入文章相对应处，共占总分值的5%）。
四级考试阅读英语等级讲解
四级考试阅读英语等级讲解四级考试阅读英语等级讲解听力理解能力要求：理解主旨要义;获取事实性的具体信息理解明确或隐含的概念性含义进行有关的判断推理和引申;理解说话者的意图观点和态度。
考试内容:该部分由ABC节组成。
A节(5题)：考查学生理解详细信息的能力。
根据180-200词的独白或对话，填补句子或表格中的空白。
录音放两遍。
B节(5题)：考查考生理解总体和特定的信息能力。
根据一段280-320词的独白或对话，回答简答题。
录音放两遍。
C节(10题)：考查考生获取特定信息，理解主旨和详细信息，猜测词义，判断演讲者态度和意图的能力。
根据三段独白或对话(每段200-300词)，从四个选项中选出最佳答案。
录音只放一遍。
注意事项：1.总体来讲，听每一段录音之前，每一道小题都有5秒的`阅读时间。
2.A节两遍。
第一遍完毕，考生有30秒的时间检查答案，之后听第二遍。
最后还有20秒的时间完成答案。
3.B节两遍。
第一遍完毕，考生有50秒时间检查，最后还有30秒时间完成答案。
4.C节每段录音只放一遍。
边听边答题，最后有30-40秒的时间检查答案。
5.A.B两节要求把答案誊写在指定的位置。
在听力部分结束之前，给出5分钟誊写答案。
字数的要求很严格。
A节每题答案在3字之内，B节在5字之内。
注意在补全句子的题目中一定要与前面给出的句子部分的内容和语法结构的连贯性，而且答案在原则上采用录音材料中的文字。
part A You will hear a monologue.? Listen and complete the sentences in? questions 1-5 with the information you? have heard. Write not more than 3 words? in each numbered box. You will hear the? recording twice.录音正式开始之前，切记抓紧时间看一遍问题，第一，确定题目的要求;第二，通过问题猜测文章可能会涉及的内容，作到心中有数。
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K哥四级阅读讲义一．四级文章体裁：以说明和议论为主。
启发：1）关注重点不同对于说明文而言注意文中的定义，概念，重要数据和细节。
Mammoth，曾经广泛的生活在北半球上面的巨大的大象，全身长毛。
各段分别描述此大象鼻子巨长，食量巨大，体型巨大，力量巨大。
文章写的晦涩难懂。
但最后一题巨傻：what can we infer from this passage ?对于议论文而言注意作者的结论和观点。
1）文章的重心：四级的文章的重心一般都靠前，（P9）3/5的题目是集中在第一段。
2）有两种模式：a)一根主线；b)花开两朵各表一支。
P71, P87当然现在花开两朵的时候是很少了，四级的七人考试委员会在和我们斗争的过程中智商也是在不断提高的。
其实体裁啊也是我们，除了字词句段之外唯一关心的整体的东西了。
而真正的阅读是需要有整体和全局观念的。
二．四级文章常见的结构为了方便我们理解我们通常把四级文章从内容上分为文科文章和理科文章。
文科当然就是包括：文化，历史，婚姻，家庭，教育，交通，住房，环境等文章理科一般包括：医学，生物学，心理学，海洋，空间技术，等等。
总之选题是非常广泛，会有一些热点选题常考话题（1）经济话题 (2)环境问题（3）交通（4）心理学（5）计算机科技比如：Group1absent –mindedness (P107 , P120)Group2 American business (p69, p118)Group3 stress (P149, P106)但是穷尽的可能性不大。
所以我们学习的过程中主要还是关注文章的语言点和阅读的思路。
1）文科，人文方面。
a)现象解释型：P11, P69, P87,P111问是一个现象，我们要寻找回答，即解释。
b)问题解决方案型。
P95,P79典型：（文章中出现problem就是提示）问题problem 那么命题人的思路就一定是：1)问题本身是一个题，2)问题的原因是什么3)问题的解决方案。
4）作者对解决方案的态度。
（方案一般都是不行的，也不可能行，有方案了又有什么好说的呢：））（注意：最近两年有些文章出现了一些好的方案但不会问你作者的态度）5）出个细节什么的。
c) 结论解释型数量极多，在开始的时候给一个结论接着给出解释，在四级文章中数量极多。
2) 理科, 科技方面。
A) 现象解释型。
文章的开始出现一个问题，问是一个现象我们要找的就是解释就是答案。
.例文：P3,P25，P83,B) 问题解决方案型（成果型）例文：p29, p14, p30.P32 ,P79C) 实验型文章数量极多,思路固定(P8,P84)对整体的把握并不意味着我们可以忽视每个部分，句子的把握到任何时候都是任何阅读起步的基础这点毋庸置疑。
任何考试尤其是标准化的试题都有其固定的命题规范和风格，对中国的出题者而言更是如此，中国的英语命题人非常喜欢在句子结构上和考试较劲。
四级文章中的句子较难，较古怪，六级中呢是很难很古怪，考研呢，句句皆难，句句皆古怪。
三．四级文章的句子结构常考的常见难句主要有以下几种：1）多重复合句。
定语从句，主语从句，宾语从句等，重点的是掌握以IT为形式主语的复合句，以及定语从句。
复合句要注意抓主干和断句。
2）多重并列句，一般并列句可以用and来连接。
另一种是肯定否定形式的并列句。
比如：not…but,（重点）no t only…but also.（重点）注意：（重点）as well as …3）经典被动句。
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a man with a good fortune is in the want of a wife.4）倒装句：典型结构：主系表结构到装为表系主结构。
Pinned to their drawing boards are blue prints for improved quake –resistant building .P29 (97.6)As worrying , though , is the passenger who can’t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music’s too loud .P74(99.6)Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham , were the long-distance western routes where readership had been declining significantly. （P81）(00.1)Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them P87（.00.6）P114，（03.1）写作：This is of great importance.5）双重否定=肯定(直接去掉否定词)6）比较结构A)More …(重点)than ; B) less…than .（重点）P14(91.6) eg31After monitoring production of the Javik-7 , and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients ( most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them . Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning the device.31. According to the passage the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be _____.A) a technical failure.B) a technical wonder.C) a good life-saver.D) an effective means to threat heart disease.P59 （96.6）The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers’ respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger. In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor…58. Which of the following is the key factor in the immediate approval of Labor Day as a national holiday ?A) The lawmakers’ respect for the workers.B) The worker’s determination to have a holiday of their own.C) The socialists’ demands for t horough reform.D) The politicians’ fear of the workers’ anger.段首句出现了比较级是重点，一定要考。
P79.（00.1）The cure, though, might be worse than the disease . Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? ― The world has less to fear from doomsday rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them ,” said a New York Times article.在讲解的过程中，对阅读部分有用的东西我们将逐个提到，以上几个类别是需要我们系统掌握的。
四．四级文章的单词特点以Available 的用法为引子。
而在阅读当中我们可以借鉴这样两句话。
Wittgenstein: The meaning of a word is its use in the language.Firth: Each word used in a new context is a new word.Some chicken, some neck. --- Churchill.熟词僻义Spell (P23, P134), code (P29, 102,127), Tap (P140),Fail (P1，P72)Empyreal substance cannot fail (perish) ----John Milton(Parad ise lost) book 1,(Satan’s speech) 117行Sound (P22) unsound: The whole theory of modern education is radically unsound. (根本站不住脚) Oscar Wilde The importance of being earnest文化现象：P124 window office ; window shopping以上四点是四级文章本身所包括的体裁，结构，句子，单词的特点。
在我们明白这些特点以后如何来准备四级的阅读呢：那如何准备四级阅读呢：主要从以下三个方面入手。
一．练习阅读方法，提高阅读速度我通过对02年以来真题的统计02年平均字数为:279.03年为287，04年为304，05年为31206年为308，07年为315.文章篇幅为上升趋势，对同学们的阅读速度提出了更高的要求。
大纲的要求在改革以后两篇阅读所给时间20分钟也是非常固定的，以往我们所沿用的可以从其他题型节约出时间的方法不在实用所以只能是靠技能和方法。