abuse supervision
同济大学博士生英语结课考试口语对话题库
A: This picture illustrates a child and an old man enjoy their lives. But a young man has to bear with many burden, such as hard work, little exercise and intaking too much energy. I think it means that the young men have to do too much work for home. What do you think of the reasons for it?B: I think the most important cause of it is aging(老龄化). In another words, a young man need to maintain too many old men. You know, in nowadays, a young man’s parents and grandparents are all lived commonly. That means he has six old man to feed. A: I think more combative situation for children is another reason. Many parents have to send their children to education institutes which will take them much money. Do you have any solutions for it?B: In social part, the most important solution is increasing the economy. Only the development of economy can rise the level of lives. Providing security for old men is another effective measure. It can decrease young men’s pressure.A: That is government’s work. What can ourselves do?B: The only thing we can do is working hard. There is no shortcut to good life. I have an uncle was poor before. He also has many old men to feed. But he worked very hard and his income increased every year. Now he has a comfortable life.A: Yes, ourselves’ effort is key to solve the problem.1、一个男人在深夜还在工作，他看上去非常累2、是呀，他几乎要睡着了，但似乎手头上的工作还没有做完3、这种现象不仅发生在工作党，在我们学生党中更是常见，你说呢？4、是呀，自从来到了同济，我经常熬夜加班，忙学习忙科研，睡眠时间根本不够。
《公共建筑节能(绿色建筑)工程施工质量验收规范》DBJ50-234-2016
（ 7 ） 本 规 范 第 16.2.10 条 依 据 国 家 标 准 《 太 阳 能 供 热 采 暖 工 程 技 术 规 范 》 GB50495-2009 第 5.3.5 条的规定。
（8）本规范第 3.4.4 条为绿色建筑工程涉及的建筑环境与资源综合利用子分部工程 验收方式的规定。
本规范由重庆市城乡建设委员会负责管理，由重庆市建设技术发展中心（重庆市建 筑节能中心）、重庆市绿色建筑技术促进中心负责具体技术内容解释。在本规范的实施 过程中，希望各单位注意收集资料，总结经验，并将需要修改、补充的意见和有关资料 交重庆市建设技术发展中心（重庆市渝中区牛角沱上清寺路 69 号 7 楼，邮编：400015， 电话：023-63601374，传真：023-63861277），以便今后修订时参考。
建设部备案号： J13144-2015
DB
重庆市工程建设标准 DBJ50-234-2016Leabharlann 公共建筑节能（绿色建筑）工程
施工质量验收规范
Code for acceptance of energy efficient public building(green building) construction
（3）本规范第 1.0.4、3.1.2、11.2.4、22.0.6、22.0.7 条内容分别依据国家标准《建 筑节能工程施工质量验收规范》GB50411-2007 第 1.0.5、3.1.2 条、11.2.3、15.0.5、15.0.5 条等强制性条文要求。
顺丰速递定位优势特点
The Business model of shunfeng
Catalogue
• Product positioning（定位） • How to expand the target group • Unique advantages • Business model（商业模式） • Competitors
• 怎样扩大目旳群
• 顺丰选择高价值旳“小众市场”或者按照当代流行旳说法 是“利基市场”作为目旳市场，最终成为整个行业旳游戏 规则制定者。顺丰旳目旳客户锁定在月结客户，对象主要 是：企业；白领或者是金领；国外快递客户。顺丰对此进 行了细致旳调研与分析。企业客户利益点：便利，安全， 迅速，全国性网络，经济成本，优质服务。白领或者是金 领：便利，安全，精确，优质服务；国外客户：精确、安 全、经济，便利。最终顺丰精拟定位点为迅速、精确、安 全、经济、便利，优质服务。顺丰全部旳市场营销策略， 运营，资源整合，产品和服务都是围绕定位点展开。在这 个目旳市场了顺丰不但发挥了竞争优势，更打造了连续旳rategy (Price) :
经济学以及经济法英语专业术语
四个部分：新闻中常见的经济类英语词汇1. 出租车起步价 flag down fare2. 法定准备金率 required reserve ratio3. 实体经济 real economy 虚拟经济 fictitious economy4. 反盗版 anti-piracy 知识产权 intellectual property rights5. 出口退税 tax rebates 人民币升值 the yuan’s appreciation6. 信贷紧缩 credit crunch 次贷危机 subprime mortgage rate 最优惠贷款利率 prime rate7. 翻盖手机 flip/clamshell 滑盖手机 slide phone 直板手机 bar phone8. 经济适用房 economically affordable house9. 安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents10 .住房保障制度 housing security system11. 大宗交易系统 block trading system 竞价交易系统 bid trading system12. 暴利税 windfall tax13. 整容手术 cosmetic surgery (face –lifting)14. 双眼皮手术 double eyelid operation 鼻子手术 nose job15. 从紧的货币政策 tight monetary policy16. 宽松的货币政策 easy monetary policy17. 审慎的财政政策 prudent fiscal policy18. 油价飙升 oil prices surge19. 原油价飙升 crude oil prices surge20. 石油输出国组织 organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)21. 原油储备 crude oil stockpiles22. 轻质原油 light sweet crude23. 使人均GDP翻两番 to quadruple per capita GDP24. 股权收购、股权投资 stake purchase ; take stakes25. 世界巡演 worldwide tour 复出巡演 comeback tour26. 个体工商户 self—employed people27. 房屋中介 letting agent 保险经纪人 insurance agent 地产经纪人 estate agent28. 直销 direct selling 传销 pyramid selling29. 漫游费 roaming fee 单向收费 one -way charge 来电免费业务 free incoming calls30. 吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback31. 洗钱 money laundering32. 透支 overdraft33. 股市牛年 bullish year34. 上市子公司 listed subsidiary35. 海关税收 customs revenue36. 税收减免 tax break37. 二流货的 cut—rate38. 高端产品 high end product39. 货币升值 revaluation40. 跳槽 job—popping41. 大片 blockbuster42. 货币经纪人 money broker43. 起征点 cutoff point44. 暴发户；新贵 upstart45. 养老保险 endowment insurance46. 解雇金 severance pay47. 勾销债款 write off48. 高峰期 peak season49. 职员总数 headcount50. 买入股票 buy into51. 出境游 outbound travel52. 逃税 tax evasion53. 公开募款 initial public offering54. 新闻专线 newswire55. 衰退 downturn56. 由…推出 bow out57. 便携式游戏机 PSP58. 负有责任的 accountable59. 精炼厂，炼油厂 refinery60. 杀手 hit man61. 官方证明书 clearance62. 家禽流行病 epizonntic63. 辞职；下台 step down64. 门户网站 portal65. 小轿车 sedan66. 战略石油储备 strategic petroleum reserve67. 半导体 semiconductor68. 基准点，衡量标准 benchmark69. 出口补贴 export subsidy70. 对…不太重视 play down71. 记账卡，签帐卡 charge card72. 反托拉斯 anti—trust73. 资产负债表 balance sheet74. 最佳位置最佳时期 sweet spot75. 货存，库存量 inventory76. 集体诉讼 class action77. 反倾销 antidumping78. 不足，赤字，差额 shortfall79. 美国联邦储备系统 Federal Reserve80. 资本净值 net worth81. 汇丰银行 HSBC82. 国际货币基金组织 IMF83. 财务欺诈 accounting fraud84. 国际套利资本 hot money法律英语词汇:民商经济法专业词汇Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment 办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制 Lot and Block System财产法 property law财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产留置权 encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract 长期合同 long-term contract偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权 carrier’s lien诚信原则 principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value对等原则 principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal right对世权 real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides法人 judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person 法人权限 corporate power法人人格 corporate personality法人身份 status of a legal person法人团体 corporation法人资格 corporate capacity法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person 负共同连带责任 liable jointly and severally负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge负有解释的义务 accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors附带的条件 incident附带要求 contingent claim附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利 conditional right赋予权力 entitle个体工商户：individual businesses个人合伙：individual partnership各尽所能，按劳分配 from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce公民基本义务 fundamental duties of citizens合同contract合同法 contract law合同副本 copies of the contract合同规定 contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法 lex loci contractus合同期限contract period (or contract term)合同条款contract terms (or contract clause)合同有效期contract life合同正本 originals of the contract合伙人：partners合议制 collegial system核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a technology contract监护人：guardian经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority居民委员会：the neighborhood committee履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households平等主体：civil subjects with equal status企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person契约自由 liberty of contract取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede让与的利益 benefit of cession让与权 benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship所有权 ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double双方法律行为 bilateral legal transaction擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily他物权 right over the property of another提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge违反合同breach of contract委托代理：entrusted agency委托代理人：an entrusted agent无过错责任 liability without negligence无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so下落不明 one’s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors行使代理权：exercise the power of agency宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare … to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion意思表示 show one’s intention意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption优先权 priority, preemptive right有过错的一方：the erring party有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto造成财产损失：cause any property loss责任能力 capacity for responsibility责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion债的标的 object of obligation债的发生 creation of obligation债的消灭 extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property指定代理：appointed agency执行合同 carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract 主要办事机构：the main administrative office追偿：claim compensation from住所：domicileEconomic LawsPART I Company Law*第一部分公司法*Law of the PRC（People's Republic of China）中华人民共和国公司法rights and interests合法权益2-1 legitimate [lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət] adj. 合法的，合理的；v. 使合法，相当于（legitimize）。
法律英语的词语英语翻译
about大概absolutely unique单独abuse of discretion滥用财量权acknowledge and confess供认有罪Action 诉讼action（诉讼）action诉讼，起诉权;Actus Reus犯罪行为affidavit宣誓书;aforesaid如上所述的;after or change改变agency代理（权），机构;agree and declare同意agreement合约;agrees and consents同意aid and abet同谋aid and comfort安慰alias summons（第一次发出的传票无效后）再次发出的传票; alias别名;alibi不在场证据;alibi不在场证据;alibi不在犯罪现场的证据alien（转让，让渡（所有权））alien让渡，转让财产;all and singular一律alleged有嫌疑的,指控的，宣称的，主张的alter and change变更alter ego至交，知己；第二个我amount due or owing到期应付的金额and/o及；或rany matter, fact or things事件any matter, fact or thing事件apparently显然Appeal 上诉appeal上诉;appeal上诉;approach the bench 过来approximately近似argumentative来自推论的；可争议的arrest warrant 逮捕证arrested in flagrante delicto当场被捕，arrest逮捕;arson纵火罪;as soon as possible尽快ascend up上升assault殴打，侵犯他人身体罪;at issue在审议中的，讨论的；待解决的，待裁决的attorney general检察长/首席检察官/司法部长; attorneys律师，检察官;authorise and empower授权available可获得的average平均数；中等水平；海损avoid （撤销）Award 裁决,判决bail exonerated 保证人责任的免除bail保释（金）;battery殴打;be cumulative and in addition另外be declared or adjudged判决bill, note票据bill议案，起诉书;Blackacr黑亩（与whiteacre 白亩相对）blend together混合bona fide真正的;breaking and entering破门窗闯入burden of proof）举证责任（bureau of public security公安局();by this act and deed有约束力契约by virtue of or in connection with由于came on for hearing聆讯came on for hearing听讼cancel, annul and set aside取消，废止care注意；监护case案件，诉讼；判例Causation 因果关系cause of action诉因；诉权cease and desist终止cease and desist终止chose in action诉讼上的财产（权）;claim债权，民事诉讼请求;clean and neat condition清洁情况clear and convincing清楚且令人确信coming into your possession or control占有common counts（请求偿还欠款的）多种诉讼形式，起诉书; comparable参照物；对比compromise, arrangement or settlement协议Concurrence两者并存condense down 压缩condition条款，要件;confessed and acknowledged承认congress/senate）议会consideration（对价）constables巡警，警官;constitution or partners合伙continue on继续contract合同;convenient合宜的convey, transfer and set over 移交cooperate together合作counsel律师，法律顾问;count（控告的一条）罪状;counterpart（副件）court法庭;covenant（契约）covenants and agrees立约covenant合同，盟约;credit or facilities信贷crime犯罪;criminal detention刑事拘留damages损害赔偿金damage赔偿金;debt债务;declaration原告的申诉，供诉;decree法令；裁决deed or covenant, guarantee, indemnity, assurance, pledge保证物Deed 契约deem and consider视为defect, or insufficiency or want缺陷或不足或短缺defendant被告;defendant被告;delinquency—失职行为;demand要求，召唤;demise（出租）demur（抗辩）demurrer抗辩书;demurrer抗诉; estoppel禁止翻供;descent依法转交;desire希望；请求；要求；授权detain/ take into custody实施拘留Deterrence 威慑目的devise遗赠;do and perform 履行Dock 被告席DOJ=Department of Justice律政司(doubtless无争议的dry trust被动/消极信托;due care应有的注意each and all每人都each and every每个each and every所有easement地役权;esquire用于写信时称呼律师、治安法官等;estoppel in pais（衡平法上的）不容推翻的事实;evidence证词，证据;ex parte单方的;ex post facto事后的，追溯的;excessive过分的；过度的executed（已签字的，已生效的）execution（经签名盖章等）法律文件的生效;executive detention行政拘留（existing现行的expenses花费；费用；代价extreme cruelty极度虐待fair and equitable公正的fair division合理分割false and untrue虚假的fectitious defendant虚拟被告;fee simple and fee tail无条件继承的不动产和指定继承人继承的保有土地; fee simple继承者有全权的地产;fee tail有限制的继承地产;felony—重刑罪felony—重刑罪/重罪;felony重罪;few极少的final and conclusive最后的，决定性的fit and proper合适的fixtures or fittings固定设备fixture不动产的附着物force and effect生效forgive and pardon赦免forthwith立即;forward planning打算four corners of the instrument文件的完整内容fraud and deceit欺诈free and clear没有债务牵累的，(不动产)无任何负担的free and complete完全full and complete完全full and complete完全的，完整的full, true and correct完全正确的give, devise and bequeath 遗产give, devise and bequeath赠与goals(jails)监狱;good and effectual有效good and sufficient充足good and valid有效goods and chattels动产goods and chattels全部动产grant准予，授与;gross (如gross profit)，reasonable (如reasonable care/ man/ speed/ time等等)，serious (如serious illness/ misconduct, crime, circumstances等等) ，undue (如undue influence/ interference/ restraint 等等)，due (如due care/ process)guarantee保证书，保单;guarantee担保品，保单;guarantor（统）保证人;guardian ad litem（为某一特殊诉讼）指定的监护人;guardian监护人;habeas corpus人身保护令;habeas corpus人身保护令;habitual惯常的had and received收到had and received收到hand（签字）Hand签字have and hold持有heir继承人，后嗣;here words:hereafter从此以后，随后;hereby有鉴于此;hereinafter下文;hereinbefore上述;herein在此，据此看来;hereof对此;heretofore此前;hereto至此为止;hereunder（书、文件等中）在下面;herewith据此;hold and keep拥有，依法占有hue and cry追捕时的叫喊illegal, invalid or unenforceable无效illegality, invalidity or unenforceability无效Immunity 豁免权important essentialsimproper不良；不正当in connection with与有联系in flagrante delicto在犯罪现场;in full force and effect有完全效力的in locum parentis替代父母;in regard to关于in rem对物诉讼;in the funds and currency资金in your sole and absolute discretion您有绝对处置权inadequate不充分；不恰当Incapacitation 剥夺犯罪能力的目的incurred or arising out or in connection therewith incurred, created, assumed招致indictment控告，起诉;indulgence or concession让步infant幼儿，未成年人;inferior court初级法院；低级法院instrument（法律文据）intensive supervision probation 加强监督型缓刑intention目的；蓄意inter alia在其他事之间;inter partes在当事人之间;intoxicated喝醉的；陶醉的invalid or unenforceable无效或不可执行的irregular or improper不适当issue of fact事实上的争点issue of law法律上的争点judges审判员;judgment, award and/ or order判决judgment审判，裁决;judicial detention) 民事司法拘留(judicial notice法院公告;judicial proceeding司法[程序] [审判程序]；jurors陪审员;justices高等法院的法官;justice正义;keep and maintain保有laches（对行使权利的）疏忽、懈怠;laches（对行使权利的）疏忽、懈怠;landlord/lessor出租方;larceny偷盗;large大的last will and testament遗嘱lately不久前law enforcement department) 执法部门(Leave 休庭legislator/lawmaker立法机构（）:let (如在"without let or hindrance"这个短语中)妨碍; let or hindrance阻碍letters patent专利特权许可证;letters（证书）Letters授权令lien留置权，扣押权;loans or advances made or to be made借款与预付made and entered into订立合同make payment, performance履行malice恶意；蓄意marriage婚姻，商业合并;master and servant雇主和雇员;master（雇主）means and includes手段Mens Rea主观过错/犯罪意图mere仅仅metes and bounds地界（土地转让中的用语）; mind and memory心意与记忆Minor 未成年人misdemeanor轻罪;misdemeanour—非重刑罪/轻罪; misdemeanour—非重刑罪/轻罪; misfeasance—失当行为;moneys, obligations and liabilities债务、责任与义务money货币;month-to-month tenancy按月付租金;more or less或多或少mortgage, charge按揭，押记motion（动议，法院令）mutually agree相互同意near近似negotiable instrument可转让的票据/可流通票据;net profit净利new and novel新的nominate, constitute and appoint任命nota bene留心，注意;note笔录;null and void无效nulla poena sine lege法无明文者不罚（罪刑法定主义原则）; obligation义务;obvious明显的order and direct命令oyez（法庭用语）肃静，静听;paid, discharged and satisfied支付、解除或清偿pardon and executive clemency 赦免和减刑pardon赦免;parliament/国会()/parties当事人;partner合伙人，股东;party（当事人）past history历史payment付款;perform and discharge履行义务physical evidence；物证pierce the corporate veil揭穿公司面纱plaintiff原告;plaintiff原告;plead guilty)；承认遭检控的罪名(plead（递诉状）pleadings（原告的）诉状，（被告的）答辩状;pledge抵押（权）;police n.警察（当局），v.管理，整顿;police station) 派出所(possession所有权，所有物;possible可能的prayer（诉讼请求）presents（本文件）presumption of innocence); 无罪推定(prima facie evidence 表面证据prima facie表面的;principal and surety主债务人和保证人;prior to先前的prisons监狱，拘留所;probation缓刑procuratorate organ）/检察院（）procuratorial personnel）/检察人员（promptly即期的property财产（指一切合法的不动产和动产）;proper准确的；体面的Prosecutions Division)/刑事检控科(prosecution检控（provided that 只要，但；provisions or enactment成文法proviso但书;public prosecutor(检控官)；purchase（置得（不动产））purchase购置;purported声称，宣称pursuant to stipulation遵照条款pursuant to根据，与……相符;quash撤销（一项传唤令或控告状），宣布（判决等）无效; quorum法定人数;record记录，档案；法院的卷宗，诉讼记录regular依法的；有规律的Rehabilitation 改造目的release, discharge or settlement免除、解除或和解remain in full force, validity and effect有充分效力remain silent in court) 保持缄默(remise, release and quitclaim放弃权利repair and make good补偿reprieve缓刑;request and require要求res ipsa loquitur事情不言自明;rest, residue and remainder 遗产rest, residue and remainder遗产Retribution 报应目的reversed and remanded撤销原判并发回重审right, interest and title权益right, power or remedy权利、权力和补偿robbery抢劫;roll案卷，档案;said (作形容词使用时)上述的;said（上文所说的）sat down for hearing聆讯satisfaction义务的履行；债务的清偿satisfy清偿债务；履行义务save and except除save and except除……以外save（除了）save除了;search warrant 搜查证sentence宣判，判决（专指刑事判决）; seriously and gravely严重servant受雇人;serve（送达）settle and compromise处理signed, sealed and delivered签署生效similar类似slander言词诽谤;sole and exclusive唯一的sound mind心智健全specialty（盖印合同）specialty盖印合同或契据;strangers to the blood无血缘关系的人style样式;subject to依据，以……为条件，受……规限; subsequent继之后such如此;suffer or permit容许sufficient足够的；充足suitable恰当的suit诉讼，控告;superior court高级法院surrender归还（土地权），自首;taking or raising any point提出temporarily临时tenant/lessee承租方;tenement（不动产）terms and conditions条款terms or conditions条款the deceased / the decedent 已故者the People’s Congress各级人大（）thenceforth从那时开始，此后thence由此，从那种情况或缘由，从此；thenwords:there words:thereabout大约，左右;thereafter以后，据此;thereat因此;thereby因此，从而;therefore因此;therefor为此;therein在那里，在那时;thereon 在其上，随即;theretofore直到那时，在那时之前; thereto到那里，此外;thereunder遵照，在其下;thereunto到那里;thereupon因此;therewith与此，与之;things所有物to do or cause to be done履行toll the statute中止诉讼时效tort侵权;tort侵权;totally null and void无效totally unanimous一致同意的，全体一致的transaction交易treason叛国罪;treason—叛国罪;trespass非法侵入（他人土地或住宅）;tried and tested可靠的true and correct正确的try审判；解决争端under or pursuant to依照under the influence of 受的影响understand理解；认识unless and until直到unless and until直到unreasonable无理性的；过度的unsafe危险的unsound不卫生的；不健全的unusual不寻常的usual寻常的valid or effective有效的valid or enforceable有效或可执行的valuable有价值的；贵重的verdict（由陪审团一致通过而为法院所接受的）裁决; versus对;violation—犯规/违反行为;voir dire（挑选陪审团成员过程中的）预先审核. voire dire（挑选陪审团成员过程中的）预先审核; voluntary法律上未要求的而自愿作的Warrant 拘捕令well and sufficiently充分well settled合理解决where words:whereas (相当于"given the fact that"), 鉴于; whereas有鉴于此whereat对那个，由于;whereby因此;whereof关于那事（人）；will and testament 遗嘱withholding, deduction扣除without prejudice不影响实体权利的without prejudice不影响实体权利的witness / human evidence人证witnesseth 意为提供某事的正式证据witness作证，表明; worthless空头writ of fieri facias强制执行令;。
英语作文健全法律监督
英语作文健全法律监督英文回答：Strengthening Legal Supervision.Ensuring a robust legal system is paramount for any society that aspires to uphold the rule of law and safeguard the rights of its citizens. Legal supervision plays a pivotal role in fostering transparency, accountability, and adherence to legal norms.A comprehensive legal supervision framework encompasses several key elements:Independent Oversight Bodies: Establishing independent bodies, such as ombudsmen, inspector generals, or judicial review commissions, ensures impartial and objective monitoring of legal processes. These bodies can investigate allegations of misconduct, review legal decisions, and make recommendations for improvements.Judicial Oversight: Empowering the judiciary with the authority to review the legality of government actions and decisions provides a crucial check on executive power. Courts can strike down unconstitutional laws, hold government officials accountable, and ensure that cases are adjudicated fairly.Public Participation: Engaging the public in legal supervision through mechanisms like citizen oversight boards or public comment periods promotes transparency and encourages accountability. Citizens can play a vital role in identifying and reporting legal violations and advocating for reforms.Data Collection and Analysis: Systematic data collection and analysis are essential for identifying trends, evaluating the effectiveness of legal supervision measures, and informing policy decisions. By tracking complaints, investigations, and outcomes, policymakers can gain valuable insights and make data-driven improvements.International Cooperation: Collaborating with international organizations and legal professionals can provide valuable expertise and best practices. Engaging in comparative legal analysis and sharing information can enhance domestic legal supervision frameworks and contribute to global efforts to promote the rule of law.Strengthening legal supervision has numerous benefits:Increased Trust in the Legal System: Robust supervision enhances public confidence in the fairness and integrity of the legal system, fostering a culture of adherence to the law.Improved Accountability: Supervision mechanisms hold legal actors accountable for their actions, preventing abuses of power and ensuring that those who break the law are held to account.Enhanced Transparency: Public oversight and data sharing promote transparency, shedding light on legal processes and allowing citizens to hold their leadersaccountable.Efficient Legal Administration: Effective supervision can identify and address inefficiencies in legal procedures, streamlining processes and improving access to justice.Protection of Rights: Supervision safeguards the fundamental rights of citizens by ensuring that laws are implemented fairly and that abuses of power are prevented.中文回答：健全法律监督。
完整word版联合国海洋法公约中英文
relationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly summarized t he new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified i n the directi on. District le aders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finallystumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pr o is to open a sincere engagement wit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accordance with, private e nt repre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power for per sonal gain, not to engage in tra ding power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases in which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and pe ople. Especially some law e nforcement and inspe ction for profit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found dire ctly under the ti cket does not give business impr ovement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a business more difficult, never for personal gai n, systemati c harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. og uarantee t he legitimate rig hts a nd interests. Al ways procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment of services, fully consider the chara cteristics of pr oduction a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of law e nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of lawe nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road trafficadmi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and ot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defe nse to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exerci se level ... Judicial activities were rampa nt, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage,vi olations of the l egitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases i n equity and justice. Four todee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law【标题】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约(附英文)【分类】国际海事【时效性】有效【颁布时间】1982.12.10【实施时间】1982.12.10【发布部门】蒙特哥湾目录第Ⅰ部分用语和范围第Ⅱ部分领海和毗连区第１节一般规定第２节领海的界限第３节领海的无害通过第４节毗连区第Ⅲ部分用于国际航行的海峡第１节一般规定Grass-roots g overna nce according to law i s an importa nt foundation for pr omoting the constr uction of rule of la w, but also the most ba sic development e nvironment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-a biding consciousness, social order i s not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want t o actively promote the f ield of multi-level governa nceaccor ding to law, promote the continuous improvement of the socia l environment. o promote universal compliance. Actively foster the rule of law culture, carry out law publicity and e ducation on honesty a ndtr ustworthine ss, guide the masse s and consciously abi de by t he law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of graduallycha nging the world, he is not l ooking for but some湯?unspoken rule s, formed all law lawabide by t he good atmosphere. To strengthe n the comprehensive ma nagement of public security. Deepening peace xingan constr uction, stronglyagainst viole nce crime, mafia and serious criminal offences, to protect the legitimate rights a nd interests of citizens, legal persons, carry out criminal policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating social vitality, and earnestly safeguard social harmony and stabilit y. To resolve social confli cts by law. To further sm ooth channels of reporting soci al conditi ons and public opi nion, improving regulati on, arbitration, as well a s dispute resolutionme cha nisms, implement f ully the petitioners ' ca ses hir d-party hearings and supervising system of letters and calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into the orbit of rule of law, vexatious, Twini ng visit visit, distur bing social order and other mali cious extortion, resolutely crack dow n. Five, impr oving cadres Vitale, provide str ongpr otection for forest developme nt XI General Secretary stressed that the com prehe nsive revitaliza tion in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid style, cadres of the dare to play. Cadre cadres is a pledge, shouldwant to do work and able to do good, enthusiasm is paramount. Treat party ca dres, it is necessary to Strict management, and warm care, enable the br oad masses of cadres work har d work, this is tw o parallelprinciple s. In strict accor dance with the sta ndard s of good cadres selecti on and a ppoint ment, the real officer s, dare officers, those who wa nt to play, good as excellent cadre s at all levels of lea dership in the past. At present, some l eadi ng cadres work i nitiative is not high, beyond politi cal, idle, lazy governa nce g overna nce, not a s, slow, messy and a phenomenon still exist t o varying de grees, affected and restricted economic and social development. We must mobilize the enthusiasm of ca dres as an urgent task, adhere to combination of incentives and constraints, and adhere to the strict management and warm care, practi cal solutionor the officers not to problem, m otivate cadres and better lead the masses to an undertaking, t he ca dres and create t he new achievement i n a dare to play, em, accurate pulseprobl dentify the s as new. To igood at showrelationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly sum marized t he new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finally stumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pro is to open a sincere engagement wit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accordance with, private entrepre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power forper sonal gain, not to e ngage in trading power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases i n which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and people. Especially some lawe nforcement and inspection for pr ofit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found directly under the ti cket does not give business improvement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a busines s more difficult, never for personal gain, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. o guarantee t he legitimate rig hts a nd i nterests. Always procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment ofservi ces, f ully consider the chara cteristics of pr oduction a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship,enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of lawe nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of law e nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road traffic admi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement and ot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defense to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level ... Judi cial activities were rampant, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money,must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, vi olations of the l egitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four to dee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law第２节过境通行第３节无害通过第Ⅳ部分群岛国第Ⅴ部分专属经济区第Ⅵ部分大陆架第Ⅶ部分公海第１节一般规定第２节公海生物资源的养护和管理第Ⅷ部分岛屿制度第Ⅸ部分闭海或半闭海第Ⅹ部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第Ⅺ部分“区域”第１节一般规定第２节支配“区域”的原则第３节“区域”内资源的开发Grass-roots governance a ccording to law is a n important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but al so the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, butthere are law-a biding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the f ield of multi-level governance according to law, pr omote the continuous improvement of the sociale nvironment. To pr omote universal compliance. Actively foster the r ule of law culture, carry out law publicity a nd educati on on honesty andtr ustworthiness, guide the masses and consci ously abi de by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changi ng the worl d, he is not looking for but some one %unspoken r ules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. o strengthen the comprehensive ma nagement of public securit y. Dee pening peace xi ngan constr uction, str onglyshould dres is a pledge, dare to pla y. Cadre cation in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid styl e, ca dres of the ssed t ive, improvi nd other malici ous extortion, resol utely crack down. Fng cadres Vitale, provide strong prote ction for forest development XI Ge neral Secretary stre hat the comprehensive revitalizang visit visit, disturhe orsing system of letters a nt fully the s well as nion, improvi ons a ooth ony and stability. social vitality, acarry out criminal he legitimate rights and interestcrime, mafia and against viole nce serious criminal offences, to protect ts of citizens, legal persons, policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating nd ear nestly safeguar d social harm To resolve social confli cts by law. To further sm channels of reporting social conditi nd public opi ng regulati on, ar bitration, a dispute resoluti on mechani sms, implemepetitioners ' cases hird-party heari ngs and supervind calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into tbit of rule of la w, vexatious,Twini bing social order adare to play,w achievement in a dres and create t he ne, the cas to an cadres and better leas not to prctical soluti ct management and and combi s an urgenthusiasm c and social development. We m grees, affected and restricted non still exist to varyince, not as, sl, idle high, ork initiative iding st. At preseof leadership ient ca ho wament, the real officers, dare officernd a lectids of good cah the sta ciples. In strict a s two parallhard woad masses of ca nable tcessary to Strict manageme husiasm is param want to do work and able to do good, entount. Treat party cadres, it is nent, and warm care, ehe br dres work ork, this iel princcordancewit ndardres seon a ppoint s, those w nt to play, good as excell dres at all levels n the pant, some lea cadres ws not beyond political, lazy governance governaow, messy and a phenome ng deeconomiust mobilize the eof cadres a nt task, adhere to nation of incentives a constraints, a dhere to the strind warm care, pra onor the officer oblem, motivate d the masseundertaking2em, accurate pulseprobl dentify the s as new. To igood at showrelationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly summarized the new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified i n the direction. District leaders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finally stumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pr o is to open a sincere engagementwit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accor dancewit h, private entrepre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power for per sonal gain, not to engage in tra ding power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cas es i n which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and pe ople. Especially some law enforcem ent and inspection for pr ofit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found dire ctly under theti cket does not give business improvement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a business more difficult, never for personal gai n, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. og uarantee t he legitimate right s a nd i nterests. Always procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment of services, fully consider the characteristics of production a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To pr omote stri ct enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of law e nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of law e nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road trafficadmi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement andot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defe nse to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exerci se level ... Judicial a ctivities were rampa nt, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four todee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law第４节管理局第５节争端的解决和咨询意见第Ⅻ部分海洋环境的保护和保全第１节一般规定第２节全球性和区域性合作第３节技术援助第４节监测和环境评价第５节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法第６节执行第７节保障办法第８节冰封区域第９节责任第１０节主权豁免第１１节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第ＸＩＩＩ部分海洋科学研究Grass-roots governance a ccording to law is a n important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but al so the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-a biding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote t he field of multi-level governance according to law, pr omote the continuous improvement of the sociale nvironment. To pr omote universal compliance. Actively foster the r ule of law culture, carry out law publicity a nd educati on on honesty andtr ustworthiness, guide the masses and consci ously abide by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changi ng the worl d, he is not looking for but someone %unspoken rules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. o strengthen t he comprehensive management of public securit y. Dee pe ning peace xingan constr uction, str onglyshould dres is a pledge, dare to play. Ca dre cation in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid styl e, cadres of the hat the compre ng cadre nd other malicious extortion, resol utely crack down. Five, improvis Vitale, provide strong prote ction for forestdevelopment XI General Secretary stre ssed thensive revitaliza bing social bit of rule of la nd calpetitioners ' cases hirddispute resoluti ng regulati nd cha To resolve social nd earcy of temper justice wit ns, legal nal offences, to against viole nce crime, mafia and serious crimiprotect t he legitimate rights and interest s of citizepersons, carry out criminal polih mercy, the maximumstim ulating social vitality, anestly safeguar d social harm ony and stability. confli cts by law. To further sm ooth nnels of reporting social conditi ons a public opi nion, improvi on, ar bitration, as well as on mechanisms, impleme nt fully the -party heari ngs and supervising system of letters als, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into the or w, vexatious, Twining visit visit, distur order adare to play,w achievement in a dres and create t he ne, the cas to an cadres and better lea s not to prctical soluti ct management and and combis an urge nthusiasm c and social development. We m grees, affected and restricted ist to varyi, messy and a phenomence, not as, sl, idle high, ork initiative i ding st. At preseof leadership ient ca ho wament, the real officers, dare officernd a lecti ds of good ca h the sta el principles. In strict a ork, this idres work he brnt, and warm care, eount. Treat party cadres, it is nee to do good, entwant to do work and abl husiasm is param cessary to Strict managemenable t oad masses of cahard w s twoparall ccordance wit ndardres seon a ppoint s, those w nt to play, good as excelldres at all levels n the pant, some lea cadres ws not beyond political, lazy governance governaow non still exng deeconomiust mobilize the eof cadres a nt task, adhere to nation of incentives a constraints, a dhere to the strind warm care, pra onor the officer oblem, motivate d the masseundertaking3em, accurate pulseprobl dentify the s as new. To igood at showrelationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctlysum marized t he new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified in the direction. District leaders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finally stumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pro is to open a sincere engagementwit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accordance with, private entrepre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power for per sonal gain, not to e ngage in trading power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cases i n which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and people. Especially some law e nforcement and inspection for pr ofit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found directly under theti cket does not give business improvement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a busines s more difficult, never for personal gain, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. o guarantee t he legitimate rig hts a nd i nterests. Always procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment of servi ces, f ully consider the chara cteristics of pr oduction a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To promote strict enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of law e nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of law e nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road trafficadmi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement andot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defense to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exercise level ... Judi cial activities were rampant, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, vi olations of the l egitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four todee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节海洋科学研究的进行和促进第４节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备第５节责任第６节争端的解决和临时措施第ＸＩＶ部分海洋技术的发展和转让第１节一般规定第２节国际合作第３节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心第４节国际组织间的合作第ＸＶ部分争端的解决第１节一般规定第２节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序第３节适用第２节的限制和例外Grass-roots governance a ccording to law is a n important foundation for promoting the construction of rule of law, but al so the most basic development environment. Despite my good social order in General, but there are law-a biding consciousness, social order is not standard, regardless of faith, Twining visit visit and other outstanding problems. We want to actively promote the f ield of multi-level governance according to law, pr omote the continuous improvement of the sociale nvironment. To pr omote universal compliance. Actively foster the r ule of law culture, carry out law publicity a nd educati on on honesty andtr ustworthiness, guide the masses and consci ously abi de by the law, failing to find method, problem-solving method, method of gradually changi ng the worl d, he is not looking for but some one %unspoken r ules, formed all law law, abide by the good atmosphere. o strengthen the comprehensive ma nagement of public securit y. Dee pening peace xi ngan constr uction, str onglyshould dres is a pledge, dare to pla y. Cadre cation in Northeast China, needs a high quality, solid styl e, ca dres of the ssed t ive, improvi nd other malici ous extortion, resol utely crack down. Fng cadres Vitale, provide strong prote ction for forestdevelopment XI Ge neral Secretary stre hat the comprehensive revitalizang visit visit, disturhe orsing system of letters a nt fully the s well as nion, improvi ons a ooth ony and stability. social vitality, acarry out criminal he legitimate rights and interestcrime, mafia and against viole nce serious criminal offences, to protect ts of citizens, legal persons, policy of temper justice with mercy, the maximum stimulating nd ear nestly safeguar d social harm To resolve social confli cts by law. To further sm channels of reporting social conditi nd public opi ng regulati on, ar bitration, a dispute resoluti on mechani sms, implemepetitioners ' cases hird-party heari ngs and supervind calls, and to resolve the involved law lawsuit into tbit of rule of la w, vexatious,Twini bing social order adare to play,w achievement in a dres and create t he ne, the cas to an cadres and better leas not to prctical soluti ct management and and combi s an urgenthusiasm c and social development. We m grees, affected and restricted non still exist to varyince, not as, sl, idle high, ork initiative iding st. At preseof leadership ient ca ho wament, the real officers, dare officernd a lectids of good cah the sta ciples. In strict a s two parallhard woad masses of ca nable tcessary to Strict manageme husiasm is param want to do work and able to do good, entount. Treat party cadres, it is nent, and warm care, ehe br dres work ork, this iel princcordancewit ndardres seon a ppoint s, those w nt to play, good as excell dres at all levels n the pant, some lea cadres ws not beyond political, lazy governance governaow, messy and a phenome ng deeconomiust mobilize the eof cadres a nt task, adhere to nation of incentives a constraints, a dhere to the strind warm care, pra onor the officer oblem, motivate d the masseundertaking4em, accurate pulseprobl dentify the s as new. To igood at showrelationship betwee n Government and busine ss. T he wo se ssions, General Se cretary of Pro, clear the wor d succinctly summarized the new relationship betwee n Gov ernment a nd business, as pure politi cs, resha ping the political relationship specified i n the direction. District leaders i n handling political and busi ness relations, engage in tradi ng power for money, and finally stumbl ed, we a lesson, always kee p in mind that Pro, cl ean pra cticing Pro, clear. Pr o is to open a sincere engagementwit h private enterprise t o help solve practical difficulties; Clear is to clarify the Division of pow er, exercised i n accor dancewit h, private entrepre neurs with i nnoce nt purity, not abusi ng power for per sonal gain, not to engage in tra ding power for money. Third, in order t o maintain fairness and justice. Fairness and justice i s the lifeline of the rule of law, is t he be st development environme nt. Currentl y, lax law enforcement a nd t he judicial sector in our regi on al so exist t o varying degrees, la wenforcement departments a nd individual window units power for persona l gains and bribes, thick friends, relations, human cases, money cas es i n which seriously infringe on the legitimate rights and i nterests of enterpri ses and pe ople. Especially some law enforcem ent and inspection for pr ofit purpose s, deliberately looking for cor porate loophol es, found dire ctly under theti cket does not give business improvement opportunities. We re cruit a company doesn't easily, cultivati ng a business more difficult, never for personal gai n, systematic harassment, card, last checked to check to get the enter prise collapse d. og uarantee t he legitimate right s a nd i nterests. Always procee d from the overall situati on of reform and devel opment of services, fully consider the characteristics of production a nd management i n non-public enterprises and social benefits, an a ccurate grasp of legal limits, protect the enthusia sm of entre preneurs a nd practitioners in innovation and e ntrepre neurship, enhancing expectations a nd confi dence. To pr omote stri ct enforcement. Strengthening law enforcement procedures, impr ove law enforcement performance evaluation, strengthening the supervi sion of law e nforcement, explorati on and practice of risk control mechanism of law e nforcement to further standardize the social security, urba n management, road trafficadmi nistrative law enfor cement, effectively free, extensive law-enfor cement and lax enforcement of law enforcement andot her issues. o uphol d justi ce. Justice is the last li ne of Defe nse to safeguard fairne ss a nd justice, to unequivocall y support the courts and procuratorates independently exerci se level ... Judicial a ctivities were rampa nt, must not be allowe d to run, favors, money, must not be allowed to knowingly violate the miscarriage, violations of the legitimate rights and interests of the masses must not be allowed to a buse of power, to make forest mass ca n be felt in every judicial cases in equity and justice. Four todee pen grass-r ootsgovernance according to law第ＸＶＩ部分一般规定第ＸＶＩＩ部分最后条款附件Ⅰ高度回游鱼类（略）附件Ⅱ大陆架界限委员会探矿、勘探和开发的基本条件附件Ⅲ企业部章程附件Ⅳ调解附件Ⅴ按照第ＸＶ部分第１节的调解程序第１节按照第ＸＶ部分第３节提交的强制调解程序第２节国际海洋法法庭规约附件Ⅵ。
我国药物滥用的流行及干预研究现状
中国药物警戒第16卷第6期2019年6月June ,2019,Vol.16,No.6我国药物滥用的流行及干预研究现状万凯化1魏毓2徐玉茗1周鹃1*（1江西省药品不良反应监测中心，江西南昌330006；2江西省预防医学重点实验室，南昌大学，江西南昌330006）中图分类号：R969.3文献标志码：B 文章编号：1672-8629（2019）06-0338-04摘要：目的了解我国药物滥用的流行及干预现状，为有效控制我国药物滥用的流行提供参考。
方法通过查阅有关文献及资料，了解我国药物滥用的流行现状和主要趋势，以及药物滥用干预的主要方法。
结果我国药物滥用目前主要呈现以下趋势：合成毒品滥用形势严峻；药物滥用的低龄化日益严重；多药滥用的情况普遍存在；精神活性药物滥用增加，且危害严重。
目前国内药物滥用的干预研究主要包括戒毒干预和预防干预。
结论希望国家加强监管，减少监控盲点，将药物滥用的预防干预和戒毒干预相结合，变单一被动为主动干预，有效控制药物滥用。
关键词：药物滥用；流行现状；干预研究Current Status of Drug Abuse Epidemic and Intervention Research in China WAN Kaihua 1WEI Yu 2XU Yuming 1ZHOU Juan 1*(1Jiangxi Provincial ADR Monitoring Center,JiangxiNanchang 330006,China;2Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine,Nanchang University,JiangxiNanchang 330006,China)Abstract ：Objective To understand the prevalence and intervention status of drug abuse in China,and to provide a reference for effectively controlling the prevalence of drug abuse in China.Methods Through the review of relevant literature and information,the prevalence and major trends of drug abuse in China,and the main methods of drug abuse intervention can be understood.Results At present,drug abuse in China mainly presented the following trends:the situation of synthetic drug abuse was severe;the lower age trend in drug abuse was becoming increasingly prominent;the situation of multiple drug abuse was widespread;the abuse of psychoactive drugs was increased,and the harm was serious;Currently,the intervention studies on drug abuse mainly included drug addiction interventions and preventive interventions in China.Conclusion We hope that the state will strengthen supervision,reduce blind spots in monitoring,combine preventive interventions for drug abuse and drug -detoxification interventions,and change from single passive intervention to the active one to effectively control the drug abuse.Keywords:drug abuse;prevalence status;intervention study近年来，我国药物滥用逐渐呈现多元化和年轻化的态势，其中合成毒品和精神活性药物的滥用情况以及药物滥用的年轻化趋势应为社会所关注和警觉。
2024年考研英语核心词汇
add [æd]增加；添加
aboard [əˈbɔːd]在船（或飞机、车）上
addition [əˈdɪʃn]增加；加法
abolish [əˈbɒlɪʃ]废除；取消
additional [əˈdɪʃənl]附加的；额外的
abound [əˈbaʊnd]大量存在；充满
allowance [əˈlaʊəns]津贴；零用钱
answer [ˈɑːnsə(r)]回答；答案
almost [ˈɔːlməʊst]几乎；差不多
ant [ænt]蚂蚁
alone [əˈləʊn]独自的；单独的
anxious [ˈæŋkʃəs]焦虑的；渴望的
along [əˈlɒŋ]沿着；一起
any [ˈeni]任何的；一些
amount [əˈmaʊnt]数量；总额
apple [ˈæpl]苹果
applicant [ˈæplɪkənt]申请人
assess [əˈses]评估；评定
application [ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn]申请；应用
asset [ˈæset]资产；财产
apply [əˈplaɪ]申请；应用
assign [əˈsaɪn]分配；指派
at [æt]在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、时间）
arch [ɑːtʃ]拱；拱门
athlete [ˈæθliːt]运动员；体育家
architect [ˈɑːkɪtekt]建筑师；设计师
athletic [æθˈletɪk]运动的；运动员的
architecture [ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)]建筑；建筑学
affect [əˈfekt]影响；感动
山东省《建筑施工现场安全管理资料规程》(DB375063-2016)
DB山东省工程建设标准DB37/5063-2016 J13512-2016建筑施工现场安全管理资料规程Management specification of construction siteSafety Management Documents2016-07-21 发布 2016-09-01 实施联合发布 山东省住房和城乡建设厅 山东省质量技术监督局山东省工程建设标准建筑施工现场安全管理资料规程Management specification of construction site Safety Management DocumentsDB37/5063-2016住房和城乡建设部备案号：J13512-2016主编单位：山东省建筑施工安全监督站山东省建筑安全与设备管理协会批准部门：山东省住房和城乡建设厅山东省质量技术监督局发布日期：2016年07月21日施行日期：2016年09月01日前言为规范施工现场安全管理资料的编制和管理工作，加强施工过程中各个环节、部位的安全管理，根据山东省住房和城乡建设厅2015年工程建设标准编制计划的安排，山东省建筑施工安全监督站、山东省建筑安全与设备管理协会在广泛调研的基础上，参考国家相关标准，结合我省建筑施工安全管理实践经验，编制了本规程。
本规程的主要技术内容是：1.总则；2.术语；3.安全管理资料的管理；4.安全管理资料的分类与整理；5.建设单位施工现场安全管理资料；6.监理单位施工现场安全管理资料；7.施工单位施工现场安全管理资料；附录A、B、C均为本规程的资料性附录，附录D为参考性附录。
本规程由山东省住房和城乡建设厅负责管理，山东省建筑施工安全监督站负责具体技术内容的解释。
本规程在编制过程中难免存在疏漏之处，各单位在使用过程中如有意见或建议请反馈给山东省建筑施工安全监督站（地址：济南市正觉寺小区一区1号，邮编：250011，电子信箱：**************），以便修订时参考。
英语作文你认为有必要装摄像头吗
英语作文你认为有必要装摄像头吗Should We Install Security Cameras Everywhere?Have you ever walked down the street and noticed those little cameras poking out from buildings and poles? Those are security cameras, and they are watching our every move! Some people think we should have cameras everywhere to keep us safe, but others think it's an invasion of privacy. I've been thinking about this a lot lately, and I have some thoughts I want to share.On one hand, I can see why security cameras could be a good idea. If there are cameras recording what's happening, it can help catch bad people who do bad things like steal or hurt others. The cameras are like an extra set of eyes looking out for trouble. If someone tries to rob a store or break into a house, the cameras might see them and the police can be called. The footage from the cameras can also be used as evidence to prove who did the crime.Cameras can also discourage people from doing bad things in the first place. If someone knows their actions are being recorded, they might think twice before doing something wrong.I know I would be a lot more careful about my behavior if Ithought I was on camera! Maybe people would be nicer and follow the rules more if they knew they were being watched.My city recently installed some cameras in parks and playgrounds, and I think that's a really good idea. Parks are supposed to be safe spaces for kids to play, but sometimes older kids or even adults ruin it by doing things like vandalism, bullying, drinking, or doing drugs. With cameras there, those troublemakers will have to behave themselves or face getting caught. I feel a lot safer playing at the park knowing there are cameras keeping an eye on things.However, I can also understand why some people don't like the idea of cameras everywhere we go. It kind of feels like we're being watched and spied on constantly, which is creepy. What if the cameras could see right into our homes or catch us doing embarrassing but harmless things? That would be such an invasion of privacy! I know I wouldn't want cameras recording me every time I picked my nose or did a goofy dance in my living room. We should be allowed to have some privacy.There's also a worry that the camera footage could be misused in some way, like if a hacker gets access to it or if the government starts tracking people's movements too much. My dad says we have to be careful about giving away too much ofour privacy and freedoms in the name of safety and security. He thinks cameras everywhere could lead to a society where we're constantly being monitored and have no privacy at all. I can see his point - that does seem kind of scary and unfair.Another issue is that cameras don't actually prevent crimes from happening, they just sometimes record the crimes after they've already occurred. So they're not a total solution to keeping us safe. We would still need police officers, security guards, proper lighting, and other safety measures. Cameras alone can't stop a determined criminal.Lastly, the cost of installing that many cameras, along with people to monitor them, is really expensive! That costs a lot of taxpayer money that could go towards other important things in our community like schools, parks, libraries, and social services. Is it really worth it to have cameras on every street corner? Couldn't that money be better spent elsewhere?So those are some of the pros and cons I can think of when it comes to installing security cameras everywhere. It's a tricky issue with good points on both sides. Personally, I can understand having cameras in certain higher-risk areas like banks, stores, parking lots and parks. But I'm not sure I'd want them absolutely everywhere I go, like on my street or in themall's food court. There has to be a balance between safety and privacy.Maybe the answer is to have some cameras, but also have strict rules about when they can be used and punishments for anyone who violates people's privacy by misusing the footage. Or maybe there could be a community vote to decide which areas should have cameras based on where people feel least safe.I just don't think we should install them anywhere and everywhere without giving it a lot of thought first.Ultimately, I want to feel safe when I'm out playing and doing normal kid activities. But I also want to feel like I have some privacy and am trusted to behave myself without constant surveillance. It's a difficult issue with no easy answers. I'm just glad I don't have to make this decision - I'll leave it to the adults to figure out! But those are my thoughts on this complicated security camera debate. What do you think? I'd be really interested to hear other perspectives!。
亚马逊英国站 销售计划书 英文版
亚马逊英国站销售计划书英文版全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hi guys! Today I want to share with you my sales plan for the Amazon UK site. I've been thinking really hard about how to sell more stuff and make more money on Amazon, so I came up with this cool plan.First of all, I want to make sure my products are really good quality. I'll do some research to see what people are buying and what they like. Then I'll find some awesome suppliers to get the best products to sell on Amazon.Next, I'll work on my product listings. I'll make sure they have clear pictures and detailed descriptions so that customers know exactly what they're getting. I'll also try to get some really great reviews from happy customers to show everyone that my products are the best.I'm also going to start promoting my products on social media. I'll post about them on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter to let everyone know how awesome they are. I might even trydoing some giveaways to get more people interested in buying from me.Lastly, I'll keep an eye on my sales and adjust my plan as needed. If something's not working, I'll try something new. And if something's working really well, I'll do more of that!So that's my plan for selling more on Amazon UK. I'm super excited to see how it goes! Thanks for listening, guys!篇2Amazon UK Sales PlanHey guys, welcome to my sales plan for Amazon UK! I’m super excited to share with you all the awesome ideas I have to boost our sales on the UK platform. So let’s dive right in!First off, we need to focus on our product listings. We should make sure they are attractive, with high-quality images and detailed descriptions that really show off the best features of our products. This will help to draw in more customers and increase our sales.Next, we should think about running some special promotions and deals. Everyone loves a good bargain, so offering discounts or running sales events can really help to driveup our sales numbers. We could also consider using Amazon’s voucher system to offer customers even more savings.Another key strategy is to take advantage of Amazon’s advertising options. By investing in targeted ads, we can make sure our products are being seen by the right people at the right time. This can help us to reach new customers and increase our sales in the UK market.Lastly, we should pay attention to customer reviews and feedback. Positive reviews can really boost our sales, so we should encourage happy customers to leave reviews and respond promptly to any negative feedback to show that we care about our customers’ satisfaction.Overall, by focusing on our product listings, running promotions, using advertising, and managing customer feedback, we can make a big impact on our sales on the Amazon UK p latform. Let’s put these ideas into action and watch our sales soar! Thanks for listening, guys!篇3Hey guys! Today I'm gonna tell you about our super cool sales plan for Amazon UK! Are you ready to hear all about it? Let's go!First off, we're gonna focus on promoting our products on the Amazon UK website. We'll make sure to have eye-catching pictures and descriptions that will make customers want to buy our stuff. We'll also use social media to spread the word about our amazing products.Next, we're gonna offer some awesome deals and discounts to our customers. Who doesn't love a good bargain, right? We'll have special sales and promotions to make sure everyone can afford our products.And let's not forget about customer service! We're gonna make sure to answer any questions and concerns that our customers may have. We'll provide excellent service to make sure they have a great shopping experience with us.Lastly, we're gonna keep track of our sales and make adjustments as needed. We'll analyze the data to see what's working and what's not, so we can continue to improve and grow our business on Amazon UK.So there you have it, our super awesome sales plan for Amazon UK! We're gonna promote our products, offer great deals, provide top-notch customer service, and keep track of our sales. We're gonna rock it on Amazon UK! Let's do this!篇4Hello everyone! Today I'm going to talk about our sales plan for the Amazon UK site. We have lots of cool stuff to sell on there, and I'm going to tell you all about how we're going to make sure people buy them!First of all, we're going to make sure our products look really awesome on the website. We'll have great pictures and detailed descriptions so that customers can see exactly what they're getting. We'll also have some really catchy titles and keywords to make sure people can find our products easily.Next, we're going to make sure our prices are really competitive. We'll do some research to see what other people are selling similar products for, and then we'll make sure our prices are lower or at least the same. We might even have some special discounts or promotions to make our products even more appealing.We're also going to make sure we have lots of positive reviews from customers. We'll make sure the products are really good quality so that people will want to leave great reviews. And if there are any issues, we'll make sure to resolve them quickly and keep the customer happy.Finally, we're going to make sure we're really active on social media. We'll post about our products, share reviews and promotions, and engage with our customers. This will help us reach even more people and make sure they know about all the awesome stuff we have for sale on Amazon UK.So that's our sales plan for the Amazon UK site. I hope you're as excited as I am to start selling lots of great products and making lots of happy customers. Let's do this!篇5Good morning everyone, today I want to share with you our sales plan for Amazon UK. We have come up with some super cool ideas to boost our sales and make our customers super happy.Firstly, we are going to have a super awesome promotion called "Super Saver Saturday." On this day, we will offer super big discounts on all our products to attract more customers. We will also have some fun games and activities to make shopping with us even more exciting.Next, we are going to launch a new product called "Super Speedy Delivery." With this service, our customers will be able to get their orders delivered to them super fast, within just 24 hours!This will make our customers super happy and keep them coming back for more.We are also going to have a "Super Customer Service Day" where we will focus on providing the best customer service possible. Our super helpful team will be ready to assist customers with any questions or issues they may have, making sure they have a super great shopping experience with us.Finally, we will be launching a "Super Rewards Program" where customers can earn points for every purchase they make with us. These points can be redeemed for super cool rewards and discounts, encouraging our customers to shop with us more often.With all these super cool ideas in place, we are sure to see a super boost in our sales on Amazon UK. Let's work together as a super team to make this happen! Thank you for listening and let's make our sales plan a super success!篇6Hi everyone! Today I want to tell you about our plan to sell on Amazon UK. We are super excited about this new opportunity and can't wait to share all the cool things that we have in store for our customers across the pond.First off, we are going to make sure that our products are top-notch quality. We want to give our customers in the UK the best possible experience when they shop with us, so we are going to make sure that everything we sell is of the highest standard.Next, we are going to make sure that our prices are super competitive. We want to make sure that our customers in the UK are getting a great deal when they shop with us, so we are going to keep our prices low and affordable.We are also going to offer fast and reliable shipping. We know how important it is for our customers to get their products quickly, so we are going to work with Amazon to make sure that our shipping is fast and efficient.Lastly, we are going to provide top-notch customer service. We want our customers in the UK to know that we care about them and value their business, so we are going to make sure that our customer service team is always available to help with any questions or concerns.Overall, we are super excited about this new venture and can't wait to see all the amazing things that we can achieve on Amazon UK. Thank you for your support and we can't wait to start selling to our friends across the pond!篇7Hello everyone, today I'm going to share with you the sales plan for Amazon UK. So, let's get started!First of all, we need to understand our goals. Our main goal is to increase sales and profits on the Amazon UK site. In order to achieve this, we need to come up with a solid plan.One of the key strategies we will use is to optimize our product listings. This means making sure that our product titles, descriptions, and images are all top-notch. This will help to attract more customers and increase sales.Another important strategy is to run promotions and discounts. Everyone loves a good deal, so by offering discounts and promotions, we can encourage more people to buy from us.We also need to make sure that we are using social media to promote our products. By using platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, we can reach a wider audience and drive more traffic to our Amazon UK store.In addition, we should also consider expanding our product range. By offering a wider variety of products, we can appeal to a larger customer base and increase sales.Overall, by implementing these strategies, we can increase sales and profits on the Amazon UK site. With hard work and dedication, we can achieve our goals and take our sales to new heights!So, let's go out there and make this sales plan a success! Thank you for listening and let's work together to make Amazon UK a top-selling site!篇8Hey guys, guess what? I'm gonna tell you all about this super cool sales plan for Amazon UK! It's gonna be so awesome, you won't believe it! So, let's dive right in and check out all the amazing stuff we have planned!First off, we're gonna focus on promoting some of thebest-selling products on Amazon UK. We'll make sure everyone knows about them by running ads on social media and other websites. This way, more people will see the products and want to buy them. It's gonna be like a huge party for these products!Next, we're gonna offer some special discounts and deals to our customers. Who doesn't love a good bargain, right? So we'll make sure that everyone gets a chance to save some money while shopping on Amazon UK. We'll have all sorts ofpromotions and sales going on, so everyone can find something they love at a great price.And let's not forget about customer service! We're gonna make sure that everyone who shops on Amazon UK has the best experience possible. If anyone has a problem or a question, we'll be right there to help them out. We want every customer to feel happy and satisfied with their purchase, so we'll go above and beyond to make sure they're taken care of.Overall, this sales plan for Amazon UK is gonna be a huge success! We'll promote the best products, offer amazing deals, and provide top-notch customer service. Everyone is gonna love shopping on Amazon UK even more than they already do. So get ready to have an awesome time shopping online, because Amazon UK is gonna be the place to be!篇9Hello everyone! Today I want to share with you my sales plan for the Amazon UK site. I'm super excited about this because it's a big opportunity for me to sell my products to people all around the UK.First of all, I want to introduce my products to you. I sell cute and colorful stationery items like notebooks, pens, and stickers.They are perfect for school, work, or just for fun! My products are unique and high quality, so I'm sure customers will love them.Now, let's talk about my sales plan. I am going to create a catchy and fun listing for my products on the Amazon UK site. I will include lots of pictures and detailed descriptions so that customers know exactly what they are buying. I will also offer special promotions and discounts to attract more buyers. I'm planning to run some social media ads to promote my products to a wider audience.To make sure my customers are happy, I will provide excellent customer service. I will respond to their questions and concerns quickly, and I will make sure their orders are shipped out promptly. I will also ask for feedback from customers so that I can improve my products and services.Overall, I am confident that my sales plan will be a success on the Amazon UK site. I'm excited to see my products reaching new customers and making them happy. Thank you for reading my plan, and wish me luck!篇10Hey guys! Today, I want to tell you about my super cool sales plan for the Amazon UK website. I have been thinking really hardabout how to sell more stuff on there, and I have some awesome ideas to share with you all.First of all, I want to make sure our products stand out. That means we need to have really eye-catching pictures and catchy descriptions. People are more likely to buy something if it looks cool and they know all about it.Next, I think it’s important to have a special offer or discount to attract customers. Everyone loves a good deal, right? So, we could do a “buy one, get one free” deal or have a big sale on certain products. That way, more people will want to buy from us.Also, we should try to get more reviews from customers. People trust other people’s opinions, so if we have lots of good reviews, it will help us sell more stuff. Maybe we could even ask some of our friends or family to write reviews for us.Finally, we need to make sure our customer service istop-notch. If people have a good experience when they buy from us, they will be more likely to come back and buy again. So, we should always be polite and helpful to our customers.I really hope my sales plan works and we sell loads of stuff on Amazon UK. I can’t wait to see all of our products flying off the shelves! Let’s do this, team!。
4A公司常用英语
—－可编辑修改，可打印——别找了你想要的都有！精品教育资料——全册教案，，试卷，教学课件，教学设计等一站式服务——全力满足教学需求，真实规划教学环节最新全面教学资源，打造完美教学模式AAAA America Association of Advertising 美国／广告代理商协会advertising 广告、广告活动advocacy advertising 倡导型广告Account Executive 客户主管Account planning 客户策划Account Services 客户部Advertise 广告主Advertising Department 企业广告部agency 广告代理商Art Director 美术指导Assistant Partner 董事助理bid [bid] 广告竞标business-to-business advertising (B2B advertising) B2B广告brand image 品牌映象capitalism 资本本主义，资本运营commercial advertising 商业广告communication process 传播过程comparative advertising 比较广告consumer advertising 消费品广告consumerism 消费模式customer 顾客Chief Executive Officer(CEO) 首席执行长官Chief Financial Officer(CFO ) 首席财务官client 客户Copywriter 广告撰告人Creative Department 创作部Creative Director 创意总监deceptive advertising 虚假广告department 部门design 设汁稿data 数据director 主管end-user 最终用户、实际使用者industrial advertising 工业广告institutional advertising 社团机构广告Management Supervisor 管理监督Market share 市场占有率Marketing 营销Media Department 媒介部media planning 媒体策划media 媒介national advertising 全国性广告noncommercial advertising 非商业广告pitch 提案professional advertising 业服务型广告public service advertising(PSA) 公益广告puffery 吹捧式的广告qualitative 定性的quantitative 定量的Research Department 调查部retail advertising 零售商广告Sister agency 同属同-集团的广告公司supplier 制作公司Traffic Department 流程协调部Brainstorming 头脑风暴法Campaign 广告攻势Commercial 影视广告片coupon 赠券、折价券logo 品牌标识magazine 杂志media budge 媒体预算media mix 媒体组合medium 媒体(指某个媒体) metropolitan 大都会的outdoor 户外媒体promotion 推广用品public relations(PR．) 公共关系radio 广播媒体Situation Analysis 背景分析Slogan 广告口号Television program 电视节目Website [websait] 主页，网站Drive-time 交通高峰时间So big 做大Numbers 数据Yeah 是的(对啦)A priori 先验估汁(演绎法)A posteriori 实测值(归纳法)Code 编号debranding 品牌屏蔽测试depth Interview 深度访谈desk research 案头调研dichotomous question 两分问题double-barreled question 两难问题double-blind 双盲测试(指实验组和对照组) fatigue bias 疲劳偏差fieldwork 现场调查focus group 焦点小组interview 访谈market research 市场调查mystery shopping 以购物为掩护的调查observation 观察panel 重复凋查样本群participant 参与者population 总人口，总体sample 抽样误差skew 歪曲survey 调查tabulation 统计制表boil down to 归结为hard-and-fast 明确易懂pretty much 大致上analysis 分析community relation 社区关系competitor 竞争者、对于content integration 软性广告cost effective 广告成本效益creative 创意government relations 政府关系grass roots marketing 贴身式营销industry 行业integrated marketing communication 整合营销传播litigation 起沂，诉讼markets 市场组合media service 媒介代理merger 企业合并online advertising 在线广告point-of-purchase （pop）焦点广告position 定位print 平面广告媒体publics 公众群体strategic philanthropy 策略性公益事业strategy 策略、策划target audience 目标受众web design 网站设计digital 数字化co-marketing 联袂营销conference 会议consulting 咨询corporate identity 企业识别culture-specific 文化(民族)特性demographic marketing 人口统汁特征营销direct mail(DM) 直邮广告direct marketing 直销event planning 活动策划exhibition stand 展台integrated branding 整合品牌传播internal corporate communications 企业内部沟通investor relations 股东关系nontraditional 非传统的packaging 包装product placement 产品涉入promotion 活动psychographic 心理统汁的retail 零售retail space 零售市场区域sales promotion 促销活动sponsorship 赞助trade channels 业务渠道vertical publications 行业刊物viral marketing 传染式营销best face forward 展现最佳面貌speak with One voice 统一传播口径the edge 优势top to bottom 自上而下Billboard 广告路牌Blow in card 报刊广告插页Bulldog edition 报纸的早发版Car card [ka：ka：d] 车厢广告Counter advertising 异议式、对抗式广告Display advertisement 陈列式广告Electric spectacular 霓虹灯广告Free-standing insert 非装订广告插页House organ 企业专刊(杂志)Insert 广告插页Island display(超市内)堆头式陈列mail-order advertising 邮购广告network 电(视)台网out-of-home advertising 家外媒体painted bulletin 手绘广告牌panel 广告牌pass-along reader 传阅读者poster panel 用印刷画面拼贴的广告牌shelf screamers 货架插件广告物supplementary media 辅助媒体(非大众传媒) vehicle 广告载体count out 清点，算出make it through the day 过一整天pass．．．off to 把……给出pass-along reader 传阅读者poster panel 用印刷四画面拼贴的广告牌shelf screamers 货架插件广告物supplementary media 辅助媒体vehicle 广告载体count to 清点，算出make it through the day 过一整天pass．．．off to 把……给出ad planning 广告策划admen 广告人appeal 诉求consumer behavior 消费者行为copy platform 文案大纲creative stratgy 创意策略DAGMAR 广告效果评估体系Day part 时段Decay constant 衰退常数hierarchy-of-effect theory 效果层级理论infomercial 电视直销节日market profile 市场状况market segmentation 市场细分persuasion process 劝服过程primary demand advertising 品类诉求广告product-related segmentation 产品消费量细分seasonality 季节性selective demand advising 选样性诉求(品牌)广告soft sell 软销，感受型广告strategic planning 战略策划teaser campaign 悬念式(调味)广告攻势rule-of thumb 经验法则brand manager 品牌经理corporate advising 企业广告family brand 多品类品牌generic brand 非名牌(产品)green advertising 绿色策略式广告image advertising 形象广告line 产品系列name-brand 名牌national brand 全国性品牌parity 同等private brand 零售商自有品牌product different 产品差异product management品牌管理product positioning 产品定位reference group 参照组tagline (广告)行动口号top -the -line 顶级的trade character 吉祥物utility 好处，用途really do something with 确实能用它做些文章zccumulation 受众数(特定周期内)audience duplication 重复受众brand development index 品牌成长指数category development index(CDI) 销量成长指数coverage 覆盖率，覆盖范围cumulative coverage 累计（总）覆盖率exposure 告显露次数frequency 广告频次gross audience 受众总量gross impression 总印象gross rating points 总收视点loyalty index 忠诚度mags 杂志(简写)media concentration theory 媒体集合理论media dominance theory 媒介优势理论media plan 媒体计划net unduplicated audience 受众participation 参与program delivery rate 节目到达率reach 到达turnover 受众流失overall 全部的rerunning numbers 复核---的数据archetype 标准受众，原型availability 空余时段back- to-back 广告连播chain break 节目提示标板circulation 发行量continuity 持续型排期continuous advertising 持续型广告fresh 新颖的fringe time 非黄金时段holding power 节目(频道)凝聚力holdover audience 既有观众inherited audience 既有观众open end 节日提示语广告时段piggyback 同一客户广告连播prime time 黄金时报pulsing 栏栅式(或间隔式)排期roadblock 拦路广告run-of-schedule(ROS) 非指定时段staggered schedule 交错排期wave scheduling 波浪式排期wear out 广告磨损ln lieu Of 代替buried position 被淹没的广告位column inch 栏／英寸(报纸广告单位) double truck 双页／，告(跨页)facing 一个广告牌(户外媒体单位) franchised position 专用广告位置insertion 平面媒体广告次数insertion order 广告版位定购island position 独立广告版位lifestyle segmentation 生活形态细分local advertising 地方性广告make good 补偿广告media buy 媒体购买media buying service 媒体购买代理narrow casting 小范围播放(窄播)preferred position 首选广告版位readership 读者人数representative 媒体销售代表run-of-press 随意安置的广告版位split run 分版刊登spread[spred] 杂志跨页card rate 广告市价combination 套装广告价controlled circulation 定向发行量cost per point(CPP) 每收视点成本cost per thousand(CPM) 每千人成本earn rate 媒体折扣价flat rate 统一价格grid card 电波广告刊例guaranteed circulation 承诺发行量horizontal publication 横向出版物AA（Account Assistant）客户助理Action Plan 行动方案AD（Account Director）客户总监Add Value 附加价值Ads（Advertisement）广告Advertorial付费软文AE（Account Executive）客户代表、客户主任Agency 代理商AM（Account Manager）客户经理Analysis Tools分析工具Announcement 公告Annual Report年报AP (Asia-Pacific) 亚太区AR List 任务清单ATL (Above the Line) 线上活动Attachment附件Audience Awareness公众认知度Auto Industry 汽车行业Awareness 认知Background Analysis 背景分析Background material 背景材料。
Anti-Unfair competition law 反不公平竞争法
Anti-Unfair petition Law of the Peoples Republic of China1993.12.01STANDING MITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE'S CONGRESSANTI UNFAIR PETITION LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA(Adopted by the Third Session of the Standing mittee of theEighth National People's Congress On September 2nd, 1993)CONTENTCHAPTER ONE GENERAL PROVISIONSCHAPTER TWO ACTIVITIES OF UNFAIR PETITIONCHAPTER THREE SUPERVISIONCHAPTER FOUR LEGAL RESPONSIBILITYCHAPTER FIVE SUPPLEMENTARY ARTICLESChapter One General ProvisionsArticle1This law is drawn up in order to safeguard thehealthy development of the socialist market economy, encourage andprotect fair market petition,prohibit unfair petition,safeguard the legal rights and interests of managers.Article2Managers shall abide by the principle of voluntariness,equality,impartiality,honesty and good faith, andalso adhere to public mercial moral in their business transactions."Unfair petition",in this Law, means activities made by managerswho damage the others'legal rights and interests, disturbe theorder of social economy and violate the provisions of this Law."Manager",in this Law,means the legal person,the othereconomic organisations and individuals who deal with mercialbusiness or profitable service (modities in this Law in hereafteras to modity which includes service).Article3The governments in all levels shall adopt methodsto prohibit unfair petition and to create the sound environmentand conditions for fair petition.The Bureaus of Industrial and mercial Management of thePeople's Government over the county level supervise unfairpetition,except for the supervision made by the otherorganisations in accordance with the provisions of the other laws orregulations.Article4The State shall encourage,support and safeguardall organisations and individuals to carry out social supervising forunfair petition.Officials in the State organs should not support or shieldunfair petition.Chapter Two Activities of Unfair petitionArticle5Managers should not use the following unfair methodsin their business transactions which can damage other petitors:1. to feign the others' registered trade mark;2.to use the specific name, package, decoration of the famous or noted modities,or use a similar name, package, decoration of the famous or noted modities,which may confuse consumers distinguishing the modities to the famous or noted modities;3.to use the name of other enterprise or personal name and make people confuse this modity to the other's modity;4.to feign or pretend to be the certificate of attestation,markof fame and high qualification,to feign the certificate of originally produced place of the modities,which make others to misunderstand the qualification of the modities because of the false certificates.Article6Public facility enterprises or the other enterprises which legally monopolized the special market in accordance with law shall not force the others to purchase the modities pointed by the enterprises or prohibit the petition from the other panies.Article7The government and its organ shall not abuse its authority to force the others to purchase the modities from the pointed seller or prohibit the fair petition from the others. The government and its organ shall not abuse its authority to prohibit outside modities from going into home market, or prohibit domestic modities from going to outside market.Article8Managers shall not use money or properties or the other methods to bribe to others in order to sell or purchase modities.It shall be guilty of giving bribe if managers give asecret mission to the other organisations or individuals withoutthe normal accounting records.It shall be guilty of taking bribe,if the organisations or individuals accept the secret discount without normal accounting records.Managers may offer a discount to the others in public,or may pay mission to the middle man in selling or purchasing modities.However,managers who give discount to the others or pay mission to the middle man, or the others who take the discount or mission shall make accounting strictly according to the facts.Article9Managers shall not use advertisement or the other methods to make a false propaganda for the quality,position, function,usage,producer,time of efficacy and place of production of modities.Advertising pany shall not be an agent of, or design, or make,or propagandize false advertisement,if it know or should know the truth.Article10Managers shall not use the following methods to infringe upon business secrecy:1.to steal,coerce, or use any other unfair method to obtainthe other's business secrets;2.to disclose,use or permit others to use the business secrets mentioned in Section 1 of this Article.3.to violate the contract or the requirement to publish, use or permit others to use the business secrets, which were maintained as secrets by the legal owner of the business secrecy.The third party who knows or should know the illegal activities as first mentioned,and who gains, uses or publishes the business secrecy shall be looked as activities of infringing upon the others' business secrecy."Business secrecy",in this Article,means the utilized technical information and business information which is unknown by the public,which may create business interests or profit for its legal owners,and also is maintained secrecy by its legal owners.Article11Manager shall not sell modity at the price lower than the modity's cost in order to put the other petitors outof the petition.Any of the following activities shall not be looked as unfair petition:1. to sell fresh or live modities;2.to quickly sell modities before their expiration or the other overstock modities;3. to cut prices or on sale in season;4.to cut prices to sell modity for cleaning debts,changingor suspending business.Article12Manager shall not sell modity attached with unreasonable condition or force the consumers to unwillingly purchase any additional modity that e together with the product that the consumer buys.Article13Manager shall not sell modity with lottery ticketsuch as the following activities:1.to sell modity by the way of making fake award or arranging inside person to win the lottery;2.to sell unqualified or high prices modity by the way of awarding selling;3.to sell modity with lottery award which the top award is morethan 5000 RMB yuan.Article14Manager shall not fabricate,spread false facts to damage the business reputation or modity fame of the other petitor.Article15Bidder shall not act in collusion for bidding, not raiseor reduce the price for bidding.Bidder shall not collude with the pany that is offering to bidin order to put the other bidders out of the petition.Chapter Three SupervisionArticle16The supervising authority over the county's administration may carry out the supervision to activities of unfair petition.Article17The supervising authorities has following powers inthe supervision:1.Require manager,connected person,testified person in due process and require them to supply testified material or the other documents with regarding to activities of unfair petition.2.Require,copy agreements,accounting books,vouchers, documents,records,business fax or letters and the other materials with regarding to the activities of unfair petition;3.Check modities or properties with regarding to the activitiesof unfair petition under the provision of the Article 5 of this Law,and also if necessary, require manager to explain the originated sourceand sum of the modities,to suspend selling,to wait for checking,prohibit to move,hide or eliminate the modities or the properties.Article18Supervisor shall show the certificate of supervision when he carries out the supervision to activities of unfair petition.Article19Under the supervision of the activities of unfair petition,manager,connected person and testified person shall supply the related materials or information strictly according tothe facts.Chapter Four Legal ResponsibilityArticle20Manager shall bear the responsibility for pensatingto the damage made by damager to the damaged party under the violation of the provision of this Law.Amount of the pensation shallbe equivalent to the profit made by the damager during its damaging, ifit is difficult to measure the amount of damage;And it also shall pensate the reasonable cost to the damaged party who has paid the cost to investigate the activities of unfair petition made by damager.The damaged party may bring law suit to the People's Court when its legal interests and rights are damaged.Article21Manager shall be punished in accordance with the Lawof Trade Mark of the People's Republic of China and the Law of Supervision on Product Qualification of the People's Republic of China,if he imitates the other's registered trade mark, uses the other enterprise's name or personal name without permitting, forgesor fake the mark of certificate,the mark of famous or high quality products,fake the original produce place, make a fake or misunderstanding description for quality of the products.The supervisor shall order to stop the illegal activities,confiscate the illegal ine, and also fine amount from one to threetimes of the illegal ine;may revoked the business licence asthe facts is serious,if the manager uses the special name, package, decoration of the famous or noted modities or uses the similar name,package,decoration to that of the famous or noted modities and make the modities confusing to the famous or noted modities.If manager sells false or bad modities andviolates the Criminal Law, he shall be investigated in accordance withthe Criminal Law.Article22Manager bribe by giving money or properties or using any other method in order to sell or purchase the modities and violate the Criminal Law, shall be investigated in accordance with the Criminal Law;if the acts as first mentioned do not violate the Criminal Law,the supervisor may fine an amount from more than10, 000to less than200,000RMB yuan in according to the facts,and confiscate the illegal ine.Article23Manager of public facility enterprise or the other enterprises with a legal monopoly position force others to purchase the modities which the manager manages, or put the other managers out of petition,the supervisor in the provincial or citywith directions administration shall order to stop illegal activities,and may fine amount from more than 50,000 to less than 200,000 RMB yuan in accordance with the facts.The supervisor may confiscate illegal ine, and may fine amountfrom one to three times of illegal ine, if the pointed managertake an advance to sell the unqualified and high price modities orabuse of power to charge unreasonable fee.Article24The supervisor shall order to stop the illegal activities,clear up the bad influence, may fine amount from more than10,000to less than200,000 RMB yuan in accordance with the fact,if the manager uses advertisement or the other method to make a fake or misunderstanding description for its modities.Supervisor shall order to stop the illegal activities, confiscate illegal ine and fine in accordance with the law, if themanager in advertisement agent,design,make or publish a fake advertisement as it knows the true situation.Article25Supervisor shall order to stop the illegal activities,may fine amount from more than 10,000 to less than 200,000RMB yuan, if manager violates the Article10to infringe upon the business secrecy.Article26Supervisor shall order to stop illegal activities, andmay fine amount from more than 10,000 to less than 100,000RMB yuan, if manager violate the Article 13 in regarding to sell with lottery.Article27If bidders act in collusion, raise or reduce the priceof the bid;and bidder and invite tender ganged up in order to putthe others out of the fair petition, its bid shall be invalid andthe supervisor may fine amount from more than 10,000 to less than200, 000 RMB Yuan in accordance with the facts.Article28If the manager violate this Law regarding to the orderto stop selling,moving, hiding, eliminating the modities relatedto unfair petition,the supervisor may fine amount from more thanone to less than three times of price of modities regarding to selling, moving, hiding or eliminating as first mentioned.Article29If the party refuses to accept the fine decision madeby supervisor may apply the senior supervisor to reexamine the case within15days from the date when the fine decision was received; Ifthe party who refuses to accept the decision of reexamine made by the senior supervisor may bring a law suit to the People's Court within15days after the reexamined decision received; or the party may bring a law suit to the People's Court directly.Article30If the government or its departments violate Article 7of this Law to force the others to purchase the modities fromthe pointed manager,limit the others make a fair petition,orlimit modities to transfer between regions, the senior governmentshall order to correct these mistakes; If the fact is serious, the samelevel government organ or the senior government organ shall administratively punish the person who bear the direct responsibility.The pointed manager take advance to sell modities with unqualified and high price, the supervisor shall confiscate the illegal ine, and may fine amount from more than oneto less than three times of illegal ine.Article31Official of the supervisor of unfair petition whoabuse of power, negligence, mit on criminal guilty shall be punishedby the Criminal Law;If not guilty,it shall be punished in accordance with administrative regulations.Article32Official of the supervisor for unfair petition shallbe punished by the Criminal Law,if he is fraudulent, or illegally shields the manager from the legal punishment even though he knows he fact of the manager's crime.Chapter Five Supplementary ArticlesArticle33This Law shall bee effective on December 1st, 1993.。
锐视智能NVR安全监控系统指南说明书
FULLY-FEATURED NVRS• High decoding capability for Ultra 4K HD viewing and recording • View 4/8/16 channels simultaneously with synchronized real-time playback on your monitor (depending on your model)• Up to 8 MP (4K) resolution live view, preview and playback •Up to 8 channels at 1080p H.265/H.264 decodingDYNAMIC, ACCESSIBLE MONITORING• Mobile apps provide anytime, anywhere access for both Apple® and Android™ devices (smartphones, tablet computers, and laptops)• Protect the NVR’s video and network setup with password-protected access•Conceal up to 4 areas of a scene from viewing and recordingCONVENIENT, FLEXIBLE STORAGE OPTIONS• Internal storage supports 2 HDDs expandable up to 20 TB (10 TB each), HEN040*3V only support one HDD• Store video clips and snapshots to external storage, such as the client’s PC, through the Internet connection• Store video clips and snapshots to external network storage servers, such as an FTP site•Store video clips and snapshots to a USB memory device store video clips and snapshots to a USB memory deviceEASY TO USE• The Quick wizard and PoE support (up to 4/8/16 channels) enable a fast and efficient set up• Quick installations utilizing an intuitive NVR design and easy-to-understand quick installation guides •Simple remote configuration and firmware update through the Honeywell Viewer web client and the Honeywell Config toolMARKET OPPORTUNITIESThe flexible storage options, high recording and networking performance of the Embedded NVRs make these NVRs perfect for a wide range of security applications.Introducing Honeywell’s Performance Series Embedded NVRs, our newest affordable, fully-featured NVRs offer Ultra 4k HD video resolution. Choose between a 4, 8 , or 16 channel NVR, with multiple hard drive options and up to 20 TB of internal storage, for an ideal and flexible solution to fit your surveillance needs.PERFORMANCE SERIES HEN040*3V HEN041*3V HEN081*3V HEN161*3V4/8/16 Channel Embedded NVRs• H.265/H.264 codec decoding •HDMI/ VGAsimultaneous video output• Supports recording a video clip of events for distribution• Supports uploading still images at the time of the event through email and/or FTP •Supports visual or auditory notifications (a flashing light, bell, or siren)• Supports Smart Face detection search• Supports up to 4 alarm input channels and 2 alarm relay output channels, except HEN040*3V•Supports sending notifications through email or P2P• Configurable to automatically detect and respond to motion in the scene, alarm inputs, and network failure or tampering•Maximum incoming bandwidth of 160Mbps, 80Mbps for HEN040*3VFEATURES & BENEFITSHEN040*3VHEN041*3V/HEN081*3V/HEN161*3VThese fully featured attractive cameras are perfect for outdoor installations that require excellent picture quality at minimal bandwidth while offering maximum protection against dust, dirt, and water. Boasting a sleek, modern design and offering two different lens options, the cameras are suited for a wide range of applications.SYSTEM DIAGRAMHEN041*3V* = hard drive capacity in TB.1. Power Switch2. Power Input Port3. PoE Ports4. Network Port5. VGA Port6. Mic Out7. Mic In8. HDMI Port9. USB Port 10. Alarm Input/OutputHEN081*3V* = hard drive capacity in TB.1. Power Input Port2. Power Switch3. PoE Ports4. Network Port5. VGA Port6. Mic Out7. Mic In8. HDMI Port9. USB Port 10. Alarm Input/OutputHEN161*3V* = hard drive capacity in TB.1. Power Input Port2. Power Switch3. PoE Ports4. NO1 C1/CTRL P5. HDMI Port6. VGA Port7. USB Port8. RS232 Port9. Network Port 10. AUDIO OUT, RCA Connector 11. AUDIO IN, RCA ConnectorHEN040*3V* = hard drive capacity in TB.1. DC Power Input2. PoE Ports3. Network Port4. VGA Port5. AUDIO IN, RCA Connector6. AUDIO OUT, RCA Connector7. HDMI Port8. USB PortDIMENSIONS HEN040*3VHEN041*3VHEN081*3V/HEN161*3VTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS² Some development might be required in specific user cases tosupport some of these protocols in the field, as protocols will matureover time.³ Supports up to 4 alarm input channels and 2 alarm relay output channels,except HEN040*3V* = hard drive capacity in TB.HSV-HENxxxx3V-01-US(0921)DS-YD © 2021 Honeywell International Inc.Honeywell reserves the right, without notification, tomake changes in product design or specifications.¹Visit the Honeywell website for new camera support informationFor more information/security Honeywell Commercial Security 715 Peachtree St. NE Atlanta, GA 30308Tel: +1 800 323 4576。
监所管理专业就业方向
监所管理专业就业方向英文回答：Correctional Supervision.Correctional supervision is the monitoring and support of individuals who have been convicted of crimes and are serving their sentences outside of prison, either in the community or in a residential facility. It is a critical component of the criminal justice system that aims to reduce recidivism, enhance public safety, and promote successful reintegration of offenders into society.Correctional supervisors play a vital role in achieving these goals. They work with probationers and parolees to develop and implement individualized supervision plans, which may include a range of services and support, such as:Case management.Counseling.Substance abuse treatment.Job training and placement.Housing assistance.Education and literacy programs.Mental health services.Correctional supervisors also provide guidance and support to offenders while monitoring their compliance with the terms of their supervision. They conduct regular meetings with probationers and parolees to review progress, address concerns, and provide encouragement.Career Paths in Correctional Supervision.Professionals with a degree in correctional supervision can pursue a variety of career paths within the criminaljustice system and related fields. Some common job titles include:Correctional Officer.Probation Officer.Parole Officer.Case Manager.Substance Abuse Counselor.Correctional Administrator.Criminal Justice Researcher.Education and Training.To become a correctional supervisor, individuals typically need a bachelor's degree in correctional supervision or a related field, such as criminal justice,social work, or psychology. Some states may also require certification or licensing. Most states requirecorrectional officers to have a high school diploma or GED and to complete a training academy before they can be hired.Job Outlook.The job outlook for correctional supervisors isexpected to grow in the coming years. This is due in partto the increasing use of community-based corrections programs, which rely on supervisors to manage and support offenders in the community.中文回答：监所管理专业就业方向。
产品质量法英文版(2000修正)
Law of the People's Republic of China onProduct Quality(Adopted at the 30th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People’s Congress and promulgated by the Order No. 71 of the President of the People’ s Republic of China on February 22, 1993, amended in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People’s Congress on Revision of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Product Quality adopted at the 16th Meeting on July 8, 2000)ContentsChapter I General ProvisionsChapter II Supervision over Product QualityChapter III Liability and Obligation of Producers and Sellers in Respect of Product QualitySection 1 Liability and Obligation of Producers in Respect of Product QualitySection 2 Liability and Obligation of Sellers in Respect of Product QualityChapter IV Compensation for DamageChapter V Penalty ProvisionsChapter VI Supplementary ProvisionsChapter I General ProvisionsArticle 1 This Law is enacted to strengthen the supervision and control over product quality, to improve product quality, to define the liability relating thereto, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and to safeguard the social and economic order.Article 2 Anyone who manufactures or sells any product within the territory of the People’s Republic of China shall abide by this Law.For the purposes of this Law, “product” means one which is processed or manufactured for sale.This Law shall not apply to construction projects. However, it shall be applicable to those materials, components, fittings and equipment used for construction which fall within the scope of the definition mentioned in the preceding paragraph.Article 3 Producers and sellers shall establish and improve their internal system for product quality control, and strictly apply the quality standards for jobs, the quality responsibility system and the related check measures.Article 4 Producers and sellers shall be liable for product quality in accordance with this Law.Article 5 It is prohibited to forge or fraudulently use authentication marks or other product quality marks; it is prohibited to forge the origin of a product, or to forge or fraudulently use the name and address of another producer; and it is prohibited to mix impurities or imitations into a product that is manufactured or for sale, or pass afake product off as a genuine one, or pass a defective product off as a quality one.Article 6 The State encourages the popularization of scientific methods for quality control and the adoption of advanced science and technology, and encourages enterprises to make their product quality reach and surpass their respective sectoral standards, national standards and international standards.Units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in exercising advanced control over product quality and in raising their product quality to advanced international standards shall be awarded.Article 7 People’s governments at v arious levels shall incorporate the improvement of product quality into their plans for national economic and social development, improve their overall planning, organization and leadership in respect of product quality, provide guidance to producers and sellers and urge them to tighten control over product quality and improve product quality, ensure that the government departments concerned will, in accordance with law, take measures to stop any violations of this Law committed in the process of manufacture and sale of products, and guarantee that this Law is implemented.Article 8 The department for supervision over product quality under the State Council shall be responsible for supervision over product quality throughout the country. The relevant departments under the State Council shall be responsible for supervision over product quality within the scope of their respective functions and responsibilities.Local departments for supervision over product quality at or above the county level shall be in charge of supervision over product quality within their respective administrative regions. The relevant departments in the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for supervision over product quality within the scope of their respective functions and responsibilities.Where laws provide otherwise with respect to departments for supervision over product quality, the provisions of such laws shall apply.Article 9 No functionaries of the local people’s governments at various levels or of other State organs may abuse their power, neglect their duty, engage in malpractices for personal gain, shield or connive at violations of this Law committed in the process of manufacture or sale within their own regions, or obstruct or interfere in the investigation and handling of such violations.Where a local people’s government at any level or a State organ shields or connives at violations of this Law committed in the process of manufacture or sale, the person who is chiefly responsible shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with law.Article 10 All units and individuals shall have the right to inform the departments for supervision over product quality or other relevant departments against any violations of this Law.The Departments for supervision over product quality and other relevant departments shall keep secrets for the informers, andaward the them in accordance with the relevant regulations of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government.Article 11 No units or individuals may exclude up-to-standard products manufactured by enterprises or sectors from entering into their regions or sectors.Chapter II Supervision over Product QualityArticle 12 The quality of a product shall undergo inspection until it proves to be up to the standards. No sub-standard product may be passed off as an up-to-standard one.Article 13 Industrial products constituting potential threats to human health, personal safety and safety of property shall be in conformity with the national standards and sectoral standards for ensuring human health, personal safety and safety of property; with regard to products for which there are no national or sectoral standards to measure up to, products shall meet the requirements for ensuring human, personal safety and safety of property.Manufacturing and selling of industrial products that do not conform to the standards and requirements for ensuring human health, personal safety and safety of property are prohibited. The specific administrative measures shall be prescribed by the State Council.Article 14 The State applies, in light of the quality control standards used internationally, the practice of authentication with respect to the quality series of enterprises. An enterprise may, on a voluntary basis, apply for authentication with respect to its quality series to an authentication body approved by the department for supervisionover product quality under the State Council or by a department authorized by the said department. The enterprise that is authenticated as qualified shall be issued an authentication certificate for its quality series by the authentication body.The State applies, in light of the internationally advanced product standards and technical requirements, the system for product quality authentication. An enterprise may, on a voluntary basis, apply for authentication with respect to the quality of its products to an authentication body approved by the department for supervision over product quality under the State Council or by a department authorized by the said department. The enterprise whose product quality is authenticated as up-to-standard shall be issued an authentication certificate for its product quality by the authentication body and shall be permitted to use product quality authentication mark on its products or the packages thereof.Article 15 The State, with respect to product quality, applies a system of supervision and inspection with random checking as the main form. Products constituting potential threats to human health, to personal safety and to safety of property, important industrial products which have a bearing on the national economy and the people’s wellbeing, and products with quality problems a s reported by consumers or relevant organizations shall be subjected to random checking. Samples for random checking shall, at any time, be selected from the market or from among the finished products ready for sale in the storehouse of an enterprise. Supervision and random checking shall be planned and arranged by the department for supervision over product quality under the State Council. The local departments for supervision over product quality in thepeople’s governments at or above the county level ma y also make arrangements for supervision and random checking within their respective administrative regions. Where laws provide otherwise with respect to supervision over and inspection of product quality, the provisions of such laws shall apply.Local departments may not repeat random checking already conducted by State departments; departments at lower levels may not repeat random checking already conducted by departments at higher levels.Products may be inspected where random checking of such products so requires, but the amount of samples selected for inspection may not exceed the reasonable need of the inspection and no fees may be charged from the enterprises concerned. The expenses thus incurred shall be disbursed in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State Council.Where producers or sellers have objections to the result of inspection, they may, within 15 days from the date the result is received, apply to the department for supervision over product quality that has conducted the random checking or its superior for re-inspection. The department for supervision over product quality that conducts the re-inspection shall make a conclusion afterwards.Article 16 No producers or sellers may refuse to undergo supervision over and inspection of their product quality conducted in accordance with law.Article 17 Where the quality of a product is proved to be not up to standard after random checking is conducted in accordance withthe provisions of this Law, the department for supervision over product quality that has conducted random checking shall order the producer and/or seller to improve it within a time limit. If the producer and/or seller fails to do so at the expiration of the time limit, the matter shall be announced by the department for supervision over product quality under the people’s government at or above the provincial level; if the product quality fails to pass re-inspection conducted after the announcement, the producer shall be ordered to discontinue production and/or business operation for overhaul within a time limit; if it again fails to pass another re-inspection conducted at the expiration of the time limit, the producer’s and/or seller’s business license shall be revoked.Where a product is found through random checking to have serious quality problems, punishment shall be meted out in accordance with the relevant provisions in Chapter V of this Law.Article 18 The departments for supervision over product quality at or above the county level may, on the basis of the obtained evidence for or information against suspected violations of this law, exercise the following functions and powers when investigating and handling such violations:(1) to conduct on-the-spot inspection of the place where the party is suspected of engaging in production or sale activities in violation of this Law;(2) to conduct investigation among the legal representative of the party, the person who is chiefly in charge, and other persons concerned for information related to the production or sale activities engaged in by the suspected party in violation of this Law;(3) to look into and duplicate the contracts, invoices and account books concerning the party and other relevant material; and(4) to seal up or seize the products which are regarded, on the basis of evidence, as not being in conformity with the national or sectoral standards for ensuring human health, personal safety and safety of property or as having other kinds of serious quality problems, and the raw and supplementary materials, package materials and production tools that are used directly for the manufacture and sale of such products.Administrative departments for industry and commerce at or above the county level may, within the scope of their functions and duties defined by the State Council, exercise the functions and powers mentioned in the preceding paragraph when investigating and handling suspected violations of this Law.Article 19 Product quality inspection institutions shall have the necessary testing facilities and competence and shall undertake inspection of product quality only after being appraised and endorsed by the department for supervision over product quality under the people’s government at or above the provincial level or a department authorized by the said department. Where laws or administrative regulations provide otherwise with respect to the institutions for inspection of product quality, the provisions of such laws or administrative regulations shall apply.Article 20 Intermediary bodies for product quality inspection or authentication shall be established in accordance with law, and they may not be subordinate to or have any relationship of interest with any administrative department or other state organs.Article 21 Institutions for product quality inspection or authentication shall, on the basis of relevant standards, be objective and impartial in issuing the result of inspection or authentication certificate.Institutions for product quality inspection or authentication shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, conduct follow-up inspection of the products bearing the authentication mark with approval; where products not conforming to the standards for authentication bear such mark, it shall demand rectification; if the circumstances are serious, the products shall be disqualified from using the mark.Article 22 Consumers shall have the right to make inquiries to the producers and sellers about the quality of their products. Where a complaint is made to a department for supervision over product quality, or to an administrative department for industry and commerce, or to any other department concerned, the department that receives the complaint shall be responsible for handling the case.Article 23 Public organizations protecting the rights and interests of consumers may suggest that the department concerned dispose of the product quality problems as reported by consumers, and may support consumers in their efforts to bring a suit to a people’s court with respect to the damage caused by quality problems of products.Article 24 The department for supervision over product quality under the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall regularly issue Quality Status Bulletin regarding the products which they have conducted random checking.Article 25 No departments for supervision over product quality, or other State organs, or institutions for product quality inspection may recommend any manufacturer’s produc ts to the public, or participate in business activities in the form of supervision over the manufacture or sale of products.Chapter III Liability and Obligation of Producers and Sellers in Respect of Product QualitySection 1 Liability and Obligation of Producers in Respect of Product QualityArticle 26 Producers shall be liable for the quality of the products they produce. The products shall meet the following quality requirements:(1) constituting no unreasonable threats to personal safety or safety of property, and conforming to the national standards or the sectoral standards for ensuring human health, personal safety and safety of property, where there are such standards;(2) possessing the properties as required, except for those with directions stating their functional defects; and(3) conforming to the product standards marked on the products or on the packages thereof, and to the quality conditions indicated by way of product directions, samples, etc.Article 27 Marks on the products or on the packages thereof shall be authentic and meet the following requirements:(1) with certificate showing that the product has passed quality inspection;(2) with name of the product, name and address of the producer, all marked in Chinese;(3) with the necessary indications in Chinese regarding the specifications and grade of the product, the main ingredients and their quantities contained in the product, where such particulars are required to be indicated according to the characteristics and the instructions for use of the product; with the indications on the package of information necessary for consumers to know in advance, or providing consumers in advance with documents indicating such information;(4) with production date, safe-use period or date of expiry clearly indicated in easily spotted areas if the product is to be used within a time limit; and(5) with a warning mark or statement in Chinese for a product which, if improperly used, may cause damage to the product itself, or may endanger personal safety or safety of property.Food products without package and other non-packed products which are difficult to be marked due to their special nature may dispense with product marks.Article 28 The packages of dangerous products, such as fragile, inflammable, explosive, poisonous, corrosive, radioactive products, of products that should be kept upright during storage and transportation, and of other products with special requirements shall meet the necessary requirements in respect of their quality and carry warning marks or statements in Chinese indicting directionsfor storage and transportation, as required by relevant State regulations.Article 29 No producer may produce any product that has been eliminated by State orders.Article 30 No producer may forge the origin of a product, or forge or illegally use another producer’s name and address.Article 31 No producer may forge or illegally use another producer’s authentication marks or other product quality marks.Article 32 In producing products, no producer may mix impurities or imitations into the products, or substitute a fake product for a genuine one, a defective product for a high-quality one, or pass a substandard product off as an up-to-standard one.Section 2 Liability and Obligation of Sellers in Respect of Product QualityArticle 33 A seller shall establish and practise a check-for-acceptance system for replenishment of his stock, and examine the quality certificates and other marks.Article 34 A seller shall adopt measures to keep the products for sale in good quality.Article 35 No seller may sell products which are eliminated and the sale of which is stopped by State organs, or expired and deteriorated products.Article 36 The marks of a seller’s products shall conform to the provisions of Article 27 of this Law.Article 37 No seller may forge the origin of a product, or forge or fraudulently use another producer’s name and address.Article 38 No seller may forge or fraudulently use another producer’s authentication marks or other product quality marks.Article 39 In selling products, no seller may mix impurities or imitations into the products, or substitute a fake product for a genuine one, a defective product for a high-quality one, or pass a substandard product off as an up-to-standard one.Chapter IV Compensation for DamageArticle 40 A seller shall be responsible for repair or change of the product, or for refund of the purchase price if the product he sold is found to be in any of the following conditions and, if losses are caused to the consumer who bought the product, the seller shall compensate for the losses:(1) The product does not possess the properties as required and there are no prior indications of the same;(2) The product does not conform to the product standards marked on it or its package; or(3) The product does not conform to the quality conditions indicated by way of product directions, samples, etc.After the repair, change, refund or compensation has been made in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if it is the producer or another seller who supplied the product to the seller (hereinafter referred to as supplier) that should bear the liability, theseller shall have the right to recover his loss from the producer or the supplier.Where a seller fails to make the repair, change, refund, or compensation in accordance with the provisions in the first paragraph, the department for supervision over product quality or the administrative department for industry and commerce shall order the seller to do it.Where the sale contract or processing contract concluded between a producer and another, a seller and another or between a producer and a seller provides otherwise, the parties concerned shall act in accordance with the provisions of the contract.Article 41 If a producer’s defective product causes physical injury to a person or damage to property other than the defective product itself (hereinafter referred to as another person’s propert y), he shall be liable for compensation.A producer shall not be liable for compensation if he can prove the existence of any of the following circumstances:(1) The product has not been put in circulation;(2) The defect causing the damage does not exist at the time when the product is put in circulation; or(3) The science and technology at the time the product is put in circulation is at a level incapable of detecting the defect.Article 42 Where physical injury is caused to a person or damage to another person’s property by a product’s defect resulting from the seller’s fault, the seller shall be liable for compensation.Where the seller can identify neither the producer of the defective product nor the supplier thereof, he shall be liable for compensation.Article 43 Where a defective product causes physical injury to a person or damage to another person’s property, the victim may claim compensation from the producer or from the seller of such product. Where the seller has made the compensation when it is the producer that should bear the liability, the seller shall have the right to recover the loss from the producer. Where the producer has made the compensation when it is the seller that should bear the liability, the producer shall have the right to recover the loss from the seller.Article 44 Where physical injury is caused by defects in a product, the person liable shall compensate the victim for the expenses of medical treatment, expenses of nursing care during treatment, and the decreased earnings due to the loss of his working time; where the victim is disabled, the person liable shall, in addition, pay for the self-care equipment, subsistence allowances, disability compensation to the victim, living expenses necessary for any other person(s) supported by the victim, etc. Where such defects cause death to the victim, the person liable shall also pay for the funeral expenses, compensation for death, and the living expenses necessary for any other person(s) supported by the deceased before his death, etc.Where the damage to the property of the victim is caused by the defect in a product, the person liable shall restore the damaged property to its original state, or pay compensation at the marketprice. If the victims suffer other serious losses, the person liable shall compensate for such losses.Article 45 The limitation period for bringing an action claiming compensation for the damage done by the defect in a product is two years, counting from the date on which the party concerned knows of or should know of the infringement of his rights and interests.The right to claim compensation for the damage done by the defective product shall be forfeited upon the expiry of a period of ten years from the date on which the defective product causing the damage is delivered to the first consumer, except where the clearly stated period of safe-use has not expired.Article 46 For the purposes of this Law, “defect” means one that constitutes an unreasonable threat to personal safety or to safety of another person’s p roperty; where there are national or sectoral standards for ensuring human health, personal safety and safety of property to measure up to, ‘defect’ means failure to measure up to such standards.Article 47 Where a civil dispute over product quality arises, the parties may seek settlement through negotiation or mediation. If the parties are not willing to do so, or if negotiation or mediation fails, they may apply to an arbitration institution for arbitration, as agreed upon between the parties; if the parties fail to reach an agreement for arbitration or the agreement is invalid, they may bring a suit directly before a people’s court.Article 48 The arbitration institution or the people’s court may entrust a product quality inspection institution, as mentioned in Article 19 of this Law, with the inspection of a product quality.Chapter V Penalty ProvisionsArticle 49 Any producer or seller that produces or sells products not up to the relevant national or sectoral standards for ensuring human health, personal safety and safety of property shall be ordered to discontinue production or sale of such products, the products illegally produced or ready for sale shall be confiscated, he shall be fines a sum equal to the amount of but not more than three times the value of the products illegally produced or ready for sale (including those already sold and those not yet sold, the same hereinafter); the illegal gains, if any, shall also be confiscated; if the circumstances are serious, the business license shall be revoked; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.Article 50 Where a producer or a seller mixes impurities or imitations into a product, or substitutes a fake product off as a genuine one, or a defective product for a quality one, or passes a substandard product off as an up-to-date one, he shall be ordered to discontinue production or sale, the products illegally produced or for sale shall be confiscated, he shall be fined not less than 50 percent of but not more than three times the value of the products illegally manufactured or ready for sale; the unlawful earnings, if any, shall be confiscated; if the circumstances are serious, the business license shall be revoked; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with law.Article 51 Any producer that produces products which are eliminated by State orders or any seller that sells products which are eliminated and the sale of which is stopped by State orders shall be ordered to discontinue production or sale of such products, the products illegally produced or for sale shall be confiscated, and a fine not more than the value of the products illegally produced or for sale shall be imposed; the illegal gains, if any, shall be confiscated; if the circumstances are serious, the business license shall be revoked.Article 52 Any seller that sells expired or deteriorated products shall be ordered to discontinue sale, the products for illegal sale shall be confiscated, and fine not more than twice the value of the products for illegal sale shall be imposed; the illegal gains, if any, shall be confiscated; if the circumstances are serious, the business license shall be revoked; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated in accordance with law.Article 53 Anyone producer or seller that forges or fraudulently uses another producer’s name and address, or forges or fraudulently uses authentication marks or other product quality marks shall be ordered to rectify, the products illegally produced or for sale shall be confiscated, a fine not more than the value of the products illegally produced or for sale shall be imposed; the illegal gains, if any, shall be confiscated; if the circumstances are serious; the business license shall be revoked.Article 54 Where the marks of a product do not conform to the provisions of Article 27 of this Law, the producer or seller concerned shall be ordered to make rectification. Where the marks on a packed。
2019北师大版高中英语选择性必修二单词表
2019北师大版高中英语选择性必修二单词表UNIT 4 HUMOUR默写Topic Talkcomedy /ˈkɒmədi/ n. 喜剧; 喜剧片cross talk 相声pretend /prɪˈtend/ⅵ. & vt. 假装假装, 装作humorous /ˈhjuːmərəs/ adj. 幽默的, 诙谐的plot /plɒt/ n. (书、电影、戏剧的书、电影、戏剧的)情节accent /ˈæksent/ n. 口音imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ vt. 模仿*facial /ˈfeɪʃl/ adj. 面部的; 脸上的interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/ vi. 交流; 交往; 相互作用anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/ n. 焦虑, 不安, 担心well-being /ˈwel biːɪŋ/ n. 舒适; 健康; 幸福significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的, 重大的enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ vt. 增强; 改进; 提高referee /ˌrefəˈriː/ n. 裁判(员) *terrified /ˈterɪfaɪd/ adj. 极度惊恐的*dizzy /ˈdɪzi/ adj. 头晕目眩的unbalanced /ˌʌnˈbælənst/ adj. 不平衡的swing /swɪŋ/ n. 挥动, 挥舞; 秋千. vi. & vt. (使)摆动; (使)转动; 朝……打去; 荡秋千collapse /kəˈlæps/ ⅵ. 突然倒下embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 难堪的, 尴尬的consume /kənˈsjuːm/ vt. 消耗; 吃; 消费confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 困惑的potential /pəˈtenʃl/ n. 潜力, 潜能. adj. 潜在的, 可能的Lesson 1 WHAT’S SO FUNNY?saucer /ˈsɔːsə(r)/ n. 杯托doorway /ˈdɔːweɪ/ n. 门口, 出入口antique /ænˈtiːk/ n. 古董; adj. 古时制造的casually /'kæʒʊəlɪ/ adv. 漫不经心地; 非正式地*innocently /ˈɪnəsntli/ adv. 装作若无其事地; 无辜地appetite /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ n. 胃口, 食欲faithful /ˈfeɪθfl/ adj. 忠诚的deduce /dɪˈdjuːs/ vt. 推论, 推断*astronomy /əˈstrɒnəmi/ n. 天文学galaxy /ˈɡæləksi/ n. 星系potentially /pə'tenʃəli/ adv. 可能地, 潜在地Saturn /ˈsætɜːn/ n. 土星*Leo /ˈliːəʊ/ n. 狮子座狮子座scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学(上)的measurement /ˈmeʒəmənt/ n. 测量, 计量, 衡量衡量 atmosphere /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/ n. 大气(层); 气氛, 氛围, 环境环境 forecast /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ vt. 预测, 预报预报middle-aged /ˌmɪdl ˈeɪdʒd/ adj. 中年的中年的surgery /ˈsɜːdʒəri/ n. 诊所; 外科手术外科手术bleed /bliːd/ vi. 流血, 出血出血sneeze /sniːz/ⅵ. & n. 打喷嚏打喷嚏打喷嚏scream /skriːm/ vi. 尖声大叫; n. 尖叫声尖叫声 consultation /ˌkɒnslˈteɪʃn/ n. 就诊; 咨询咨询crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/ n. 危难时刻; 危机危机examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ vt. 检查检查announce /əˈnaʊns/ vt. 宣布, 宣告宣告afterwards /ˈɑːftəwədz/ adv. 随后, 后来后来circus /ˈsɜːkəs/ n. 马戏团马戏团clown /klaʊn/ n. 小丑*deserve /dɪˈzɜːv/ vt. 应得, 应受到应受到Lesson 2 WHY DO WE NEED HUMOUR?tension /ˈtenʃn/ n. 紧张; 焦虑; 焦急焦急muscle /ˈmʌsl/ n. 肌肉肌肉physical /ˈfɪzɪkl/ adj. 身体的, 肉体的*blood vessel 血管*psychological /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 心理的, 精神的精神的mood /muːd/ n. 心情, 情绪情绪far-reaching /ˌfɑː ˈriːtʃɪŋ/ adj. 影响深远的影响深远的energise /ˈenədʒaɪz/ vt. 使充满活力; 使增强决心使增强决心 immune /ɪˈmjuːn/ adj. 有免疫力的有免疫力的cell /sel/ n. 细胞细胞infection /ɪnˈfekʃn/ n. 感染; 传染传染incorporate /ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt/ vt. 把……并入; 包含* whisper /ˈwɪspə(r)/ vi. & vt. 悄声说耳语悄声说, 低语, 耳语blush /blʌʃ/ vi. 脸红*embarrassment /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ n. 窘迫, 尴尬尴尬accidentally /ˌæksɪˈdɛntəli/ adv. 偶然地, 意外地意外地 expense /ɪkˈspens/ n. 费用, 花费花费at sb’s expense 嘲笑某人嘲笑某人嘲笑某人Lesson 3 MY FA VOURITE COMEDIANcomedian /kəˈmiːdiən/ n. 喜剧演员喜剧演员nationality /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ n. 国籍国籍reputation /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/ n. 名誉, 名望名望encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ vt. 遇到遇到amuse /əˈmjuːz/ vt. 使开心; 逗笑逗笑rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ ⅵ. 依赖依赖rely on 依赖; 信赖信赖purely /ˈpjʊəli/ adv. 完全地, 纯粹地, 仅仅仅仅 universal /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/ adj. 广泛适用的; 共同的, 普遍的普遍的 episode /ˈepɪsəʊd/ n. 一集一集astonished /əˈstɒnɪʃt/ adj. 吃惊的, 惊讶的惊讶的steak /steɪk/ n. 牛排牛排raw /rɔː/ adj. 生的生的chew /tʃuː/ vi. & vt. 咀嚼咀嚼咀嚼vase /vɑːz/ n. 花瓶花瓶purse /pɜːs/ n. 女用手提包; 女式钱包女式钱包 contemporary /kənˈtemprəri/ adj. 当代的当代的screenwriter /ˈskriːnraɪtə(r)/ n. 影视剧本作家, 编剧编剧mostly /ˈməʊstli/ adv. 主要地; 大部分大部分clumsy /ˈklʌmzi/ adj. 笨拙的, 不灵活的*amusing /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/ adj. 好笑的, 有趣的有趣的creation /kriˈeɪʃn/ n. 创造物, 作品作品contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/ n. 正相反, 恰恰相反恰恰相反academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ adj. 学术的学术的scholarship /ˈskɒləʃɪp/ n. 奖学金奖学金boarding school 寄宿学校寄宿学校attain /əˈteɪn/ vt. 得到, 获得获得obtain /əbˈteɪn/ vt. 获得, 得到得到electrical engineering 电力(电气)工程学工程学stutter /ˈstʌtə(r)/ n. 结巴, 口吃*talent /ˈtælənt/ n. 天资, 天賦, 才能才能mirror /ˈmɪrə(r)/ n. 镜子镜子producer /prəˈdjuːsə(r)/ n. 制作人, 制片人制片人rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 很少, 难得难得genius /ˈdʒiːniəs/ n. 天才, 天赋; 天才人物天才人物 convinced /kənˈvɪnst/ adj. 确信的, 信服的信服的Writing Workshop A FUNNY STORYunfortunate /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənət/ adj. 不幸的, 倒霉的*agent /ˈeɪdʒənt/ n. 代理人*demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ vt. 要求要求Reading Club 1loosely /ˈluːsli/ adv. 不严谨地不严谨地criticise /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ vi. & vt. 批评指责批评, 指责Reading Club 2log /lɒɡ/ n. 大木头, 原木; (事件的正式记录事件的)正式记录idiom /ˈɪdiəm/ n. 成语成语politician /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ n. 政治家政治家bath /bɑːθ/ n. 浴室; ⅵ. 洗澡洗澡UNIT 5 EDUCATION默写Topic Talksignificance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ n. 重要性, 意义意义promote /prəˈməʊt/ vt. 促进, 增进增进facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ vt. 促进; 使便利使便利consistent /kənˈsɪstənt/ adj. 一贯的, 一致的一致的cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ vt. 培养, 养成(技能、态度或素质)*sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/ n. 同情, 同情心同情心fellow man 人类人类analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/ vt. 分析, 剖析剖析philosopher /fəˈlɒsəfə(r)/ n. 哲学家哲学家educator /ˈedʒukeɪtə(r)/ n. 教育工作者教育工作者insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ vt. 坚称; 坚持主张坚持主张evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ vt. 评估, 评价评价Lesson 1 ENLIGHTENING A MINDenlighten /ɪnˈlaɪtn/ vt. 启迪; 指导, 教导教导exceptionally /ɪkˈsepʃənəli/ adv. 极其, 非常非常severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 很严重的很严重的restriction /rɪˈstrɪkʃn/ n. 限制, 规定, 约束约束unbearable /ʌnˈbeərəbl/ adj. 难以忍受的; 承受不住的承受不住的troublesome /ˈtrʌblsəm/ adj. 引起麻烦的; 令人烦恼的令人烦恼的stubborn /ˈstʌbən/ adj. 固执的, 执拗的; 倔强的倔强的tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 倾向倾向superb /suːˈpɜːb/ adj. 极好的, 卓越的卓越的eyesight /ˈaɪsaɪt/ n. 视力视力relate /rɪˈleɪt/ vi. 理解; 相联系相联系technique /tekˈniːk/ n. 技巧, 手法手法straightforward /ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd/ adj. 简单的, 易懂的; 诚实的, 坦率的坦率的doll /dɒl/ n. 玩偶*initially /ɪˈnɪʃəli/ adv. 起初起初excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ n. 兴奋, 激动激动imitation /ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 模仿, 仿效仿效stream /striːm/ n. 水流水流liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ n. 液体液体precious /ˈpreʃəs/ adj. 宝贵的宝贵的grasp /ɡrɑːsp/ vt. 理解, 领会领会gradual /ˈɡrædʒuəl/ adj. 逐渐的, 逐步的逐步的painful /ˈpeɪnfl/ adj. 令人痛苦的; 困难的; 疼痛的疼痛的 enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热心的, 热衷的热衷的 vocabulary /vəˈkæbjələri/ n. 词汇量词汇量expand /ɪkˈspænd/ vi. & vt. (使)扩大; 增加增加 complex /ˈkɒmpleks/ adj. 复杂的; 难以理解的难以理解的violet /ˈvaɪələt/ n. 紫罗兰*gently /ˈdʒentli/ adv. 轻柔地; 温和地; 平缓地平缓地 puzzle /ˈpʌzl/ vt. 使困惑, 使迷惑*apparent /əˈpærənt/ adj. 显而易见的; 明白的明白的ray /reɪ/ n. (太阳或月亮的太阳或月亮的)光线光线 disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. 失望的, 沮丧的沮丧的abstract /ˈæbstrækt/ adj. 抽象的抽象的concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 概念; 想法想法breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ n. 突破; 重大进展重大进展necklace /ˈnekləs/ n. 项链*forehead /ˈfɔːhed/ n. 额, 前额前额vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/ adj. 生动的, 逼真的逼真的Lesson 2 THE OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATIONobjective /əbˈdʒektɪv/ n. 目的, 目标. adj. 客观的客观的gain /ɡeɪn/ vt. 获得, 赢得, 取得; 受益受益well-rounded /ˌwel ˈraʊndɪd/ adj. 多面的, 全面的全面的pursue /pəˈsjuː/ vt. 追求追求critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/ adj. 批评的, 批判的批判的cognition /kɒɡˈnɪʃn/ n. 认识, 认知*core /kɔː(r)/ adj. 核心的核心的insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ n. 洞察力; 顿悟顿悟civil /ˈsɪvl/ adj. 文明的, 有礼貌的; 公民的公民的 integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 正直, 诚实; 完整完整Latin /ˈlætɪn/ n. 拉丁语*educate /ˈedʒukeɪt/ vt. 教育; 教导, 指导指导moral /ˈmɒrəl/ adj. 道德(上)的acquisition /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/ n. 获得, 习得习得contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ ⅵ. & vt. 奉献捐献奉献, 捐献finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ n. 金融; 财政财政economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ n. 经济学经济学expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ ⅵ. 使接触; 使体验; 使暴露; 揭露揭露 surrounding /səˈraʊndɪŋ/ adj. 四周的, 附近的附近的uncritically /ˌʌnˈkrɪtɪkli/ adv. 无鉴别力地; 不加批评地不加批评地 judgement /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/ n. 判断力; 意见, 评价; 判决判决 regardless /rɪˈɡɑːdləs/ adv. 不管; 不顾不顾behave /bɪˈheɪv/ vi. 表现表现circumstance /ˈsɜːkəmstəns/ n. 境况, 状况; 情况, 情形情形 citizen /ˈsɪtɪzn/ n. 公民; 市民市民conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 结论结论in conclusion 最后最后definition /ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/ n. 定义, 释义释义respectively /rɪˈspektɪvli/ adv. 各自地各自地responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任责任priority /praɪˈɒrəti/ n. 优先处理的事; 优先权优先权 stimulate /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ vt. 刺激, 促使, 促进促进initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 主动性主动性autonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ adj. 自主的; 自治的自治的brilliant /ˈbrɪliənt/ adj. 聪颖的, 才华横溢的才华横溢的 demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ vt. 展示; 说明说明assess /əˈses/ vt. 评价评价Lesson 3 UNDERSTANDINGobvious /ˈɒbviəs/ adj. 显然的, 明显的; 易理解的易理解的 analysis /əˈnæləsɪs/ n. 分析分析rank /ræŋk/ n. 等级等级royal /ˈrɔɪəl/ adj. 皇家的; 王室的王室的inefficient /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 效率低的效率低的worthy /ˈwɜːði/ adj. 有价值的; 值得尊敬的值得尊敬的 church /tʃɜːtʃ/ n. 教会; 教堂教堂universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙宇宙primitive /ˈprɪmətɪv/ adj. 原始的原始的BCE ( before Common Era) 公元前公元前approve /əˈpruːv/ vt. 赞成; 赞许; 批准批准urge /ɜːdʒ/ vt. 强烈要求; 敦促敦促prison /ˈprɪzn/ n. 监狱监狱abandon /əˈbændən/ vt. 放弃; 抛弃抛弃assumption /əˈsʌmpʃn/ n. 假定, 假设假设respected /rɪˈspektɪd/ adj. 受尊敬的,受敬重的受敬重的 wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧智慧owe /əʊ/ vt. 有……是由于; 把……归功于归功于 shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/ n. 阴影阴影conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/ adj. 守旧的; 传统的传统的 kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/n. 王国王国civilisation /ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ n. 文明文明vital /ˈvaɪtl/ adj. 极其重要的, 必不可少的必不可少的 beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 有利的, 有帮助的有帮助的 mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/ n. 人类人类 Writing Workshop A PICTURE DESCRIPTIONapron /ˈeɪprən/ n. 围裙围裙entitle /ɪnˈtaɪtl/ vt. 名为……; 使有权利使有权利 imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ vt. 意味着……routine /ruːˈtiːn/ n. 惯例, 常规; 例行公事例行公事 motion /ˈməʊʃn/ n. 运动运动 overall /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/ adj. 全部的全部的timetable /ˈtaɪmteɪbl/ n. 时间表, 日程表; 时刻表时刻表 preoccupied/priˈɒkjupaɪd/adj. 全神贯注的全神贯注的 Reading Club 1facility /fəˈsɪləti/ n. 设施, 设备设备 philosophy /fəˈlɒsəfi/ n. 思想体系; 哲学哲学 restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ vt. 约束, 限制限制 arrange /əˈreɪndʒ/vt. 排列, 布置布置UNIT 6 THE MEDIA默写Topic Talk microblogging /ˈmaɪkrəʊblɒɡɪŋ/ n. 用微博分享、传播信息用微博分享、传播信息 hence /hens/ adv. 因此, 由此, 所以所以broadcast /ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/ n. 广播节目;电视节目. vi. & vt. 广播; 播送播送via /ˈvaɪə/ prep. 通过(某人、某机器等)传送传送 economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济(上)的 political /pəˈlɪtɪkl/ adj. 政治的; 政府的政府的 diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ adj. 各种各样的各种各样的 election /ɪˈlekʃn/n. 选举选举campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ n. (政治、商业或社会性政治、商业或社会性)运动. ⅵ. 发起运动; 参加活动参加活动candidate /ˈkændɪdət/ n. 候选人; 考生考生 coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n. 新闻报道; 覆盖范围覆盖范围 debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ n. & vi. & vt. 讨论, 辩论辩论 available/əˈveɪləbl/adj. 可获得的, 可用的; 有空的有空的interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprət/ vt. 解释; vi. & vt. 口译口译acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ vt. 承认承认dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ vt. 否定否定up-to-date /ˌʌp tə ˈdeɪt/ adj. 包含最新信息的; 新式的; 时髦的时髦的 outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ vt. 概述; n. 纲要; 外形外形mixture /ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/ n. 混合混合precisely /prɪˈsaɪsli/ adv. 确实如此;精确地精确地consult /kənˈsʌlt/ vt. 查阅; vi. & vt. 咨询; 商议商议 complicated /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ adj. 难懂的; 复杂的复杂的alternative /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/ adj. 可替代的; 另外的. n. 可供选择的事物可供选择的事物 tournament /ˈtʊənəmənt/ n. 锦标赛锦标赛purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ vt. 购买; n. 购买(物)Lesson 1 FROM PAGE TO SCREENexpectation /ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/ n. 期待, 预期, 预料预料pessimistic /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ adj. 悲观的悲观的classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj. 经典的. n. 名著; 经典作品经典作品novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. (长篇小说长篇)小说comic /ˈkɒmɪk/ n. 连环漫画; adj. 滑稽的滑稽的non-fiction /ˌnɒn ˈfɪkʃn/ n. 非小说类文学作品非小说类文学作品biography /baɪˈɒɡrəfi/ n. 传记*autobiography /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/ n.自传*ghost writer代笔人代笔人adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/ n. 改编版; 适应适应critic /ˈkrɪtɪk/ n. 评论家, 批评家批评家rating /ˈreɪtɪŋ/ n. (电影、电视的电影、电视的)收视率榜; 等级, 程度程度 appropriate /əˈprəʊprieɪt/ adj. 恰当的; 合适的合适的liberty /ˈlɪbəti/ n. 自由; 自由权自由权cast /kɑːst/ n. 演员阵容, 全体演员. vt. 投射(光或影) visualise /ˈvɪʒʊəˌlaɪz/ vt. 设想, 想象想象definite /ˈdefɪnət/ adj. 清楚的, 明确的明确的technical /ˈteknɪkl/ adj. 技术上的技术上的generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ vt. 产生, 创造创造version /ˈvɜːʃn/ n. 版本版本category /ˈkætəɡəri/ n. 类别, 种类, 范畴范畴proof /pruːf/ n. 证明证明Lesson 2 QUESTIONS ABOUT MEDIAadvertise /ˈædvətaɪz/ vi. & vt. 为……做广告做广告recording /rɪˈkɔːdɪŋ/ n. 录制品录制品high-definition /ˌhaɪ ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/ adj. 高清晰度的高清晰度的upload /ˌʌpˈləʊd/ ⅵ. & vt. (使)上载, 上传. n. 上载(上传)的信息的信息 corporation /ˌkɔːpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 大型公司; 企业集团企业集团interactive /ˌɪntərˈæktɪv/ adj. 互动的, 交互的; 合作的合作的witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ vt. 亲身经历; 目击. n. 目击者; 证人证人 spot /spɒt/ n. 地点地点advertising /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/ n. 广告(业)Lesson 3 THE ADVERTISING GAMEadvertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ n. 广告广告freedom /ˈfriːdəm/ n. 自由自由fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/ adj. 根本的; 基本的; 基础的基础的agency /ˈeɪdʒənsi/ n. 代理处代理处commercial /kəˈmɜːʃl/ adj. 商业的, 商务的商务的technological /ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 技术的; 科技的; 工艺的工艺的originate /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/ vt. 创始, 创造创造sew /səʊ/ⅵ. & vt. 缝, 缝纫; 缝制; 缝补缝补locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/ vt. 位于位于suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的, 适宜的适宜的attract /əˈtrækt/ vt. 吸引吸引consist of 由……构成构成advertiser /ˈædvətaɪzə(r)/ n. 广告商广告商budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ n. 预算. vi. & vt. 把……编入预算编入预算 visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj. 视觉的, 视力的视力的boost /buːst/ n. 增长; vt. 促进, 推动推动competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/ adj. 竞争性强的, 有竞争力的有竞争力的combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ vi. & vt. (使)结合, (使)组合组合genuinely /'dʒenjuɪnli/ adv. 真正地真正地link /lɪŋk/ vt. 把……系起来. n. 联系, 关联关联 anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ vt. 预期, 预料预料profit /ˈprɒfɪt/ n. 利润, 收益, 盈利盈利welfare /ˈwelfeə(r)/ n. 幸福, 健康; 福利福利participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ vi. 参加, 参与参与neighbourhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ n. 社区, 住宅小区, 街坊街坊sponsor /ˈspɒnsə(r)/ vt. 赞助, 资助; 为……担保. n. 赞助商; 资助者资助者 Writing Workshop A FILM REVIEWbeauty /ˈbjuːti/ n. 美人; 美丽; 美感美感beast /biːst/ n. 野兽*fairy /ˈfeəri/ n. 仙子, 小精灵*tale /teɪl/ n. 故事; 传说传说fairy tale 童话; 神话神话prince /prɪns/ n. 王子; 亲王亲王servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ n. 仆人, 佣人佣人castle /ˈkɑːsl/ n. 城堡, 堡垒堡垒abnormal /æbˈnɔːml/ adj. 不正常的不正常的creature /ˈkriːtʃə(r)/ n. 生物; 动物动物prisoner /ˈprɪznə(r)/ n. 犯人, 囚犯囚犯trap /træp/ vt. 困住, 使陷入危险中使陷入危险中theme /θiːm/ n. 主题主题appearance /əˈpɪərəns/ n. 外表, 外观; 出现出现transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ vt. 使转化, 使改观使改观frightening /ˈfraɪtnɪŋ/ adj. 令人害怕的, 吓人的吓人的fault /fɔːlt/ n. 缺点, 缺陷; 责任, 过错过错splendid /ˈsplendɪd/ adj. 极好的; 壮丽的壮丽的convey /kənˈveɪ/ vt. 表达, 传达*Reading Club 2withdrawal /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/ n. 脱瘾(过程); 取消; 取款取款说明：说明：年版）》必修和选择性必修以外词汇。
以字母A开头的经济英语词汇
以字母A开头的经济英语词汇以字母A开头的经济英语词汇导语：经济是价值的'创造、转化与实现;人类经济活动就是创造、转化、实现价值，满足人类物质文化生活需要的活动。
下面是YJBYS 店铺收集整理的以字母A开头的经济英语词汇，欢迎参考!Acceleration depreciation 加速折旧Acceleration Clause 加速条款，提前偿付条款Acceptor 承兑人;受票人; 接受人Acceptance 承兑，承兑汇票Acceptance Commission 承兑费用Acceptance Credit承兑信用证，承兑信用Acceptance Market承兑票据市场Acceptance bank承兑银行Accommodation paper 融通票据;担保借据Accounts payable 应付帐款Accounts receivable 应收帐款Accrual basis 应计制;权责发生制Accrued interest 应计利息Accredited Investors 合资格投资者;受信投资人指符合美国证券交易委员(SEC)条例，可参与一般美国非公开(私募)发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者Accredit value 自然增长值ACE 美国商品交易所Acid Test Ratio 酸性测验比率;速动比率Across the board 全面一致;全盘的Acting in concert 一致行动;合谋Active assets 活动资产;有收益资产Active capital 活动资本Actual market 现货市场Actuary 精算师;保险统计专家ADB 亚洲开发银行ADR 美国存股证;美国预托收据; 美国存托凭证ADS 美国存托股份Ad valorem 从价;按值Affiliated company 关联公司;联营公司After date 发票后，出票后After-market 后市Agreement 协议;协定All-or-none order 整批委托Allocation 分配;配置Allotment 配股Alpha (Market Alpha) 阿尔法;预期市场可得收益水平Alternative investment 另类投资American Commodities Exchange 美国商品交易所American Depository Receipt 美国存股证;美国预托收据;美国存托凭证 (简称“ADR ”参见ADR栏目)American Depository Share 美国存托股份Amercian Stock Exchange 美国证券交易所American style option 美式期权Amex 美国证券交易所Amortizable intangibles 可摊销的无形资产Amortization 摊销Amsterdam Stock Exchange 阿姆斯特丹证券交易所Annual General Meeting 周年大会Annualized 年度化;按年计Annual report 年报;年度报告Anticipatory breach 预期违约Antitrust 反垄断APEC 亚太区经济合作组织(亚太经合组织)Appreciation [财产] 增值;涨价Appropriation 拨款;经费;指拨金额Arbitrage 套利;套汇;套戥Arbitration 仲裁Arm's length transaction 公平交易Arrears拖欠，欠款Articles of Association 公司章程;组织细则At-the-money option 平价期权;等价期权ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟 (东盟)Asian bank syndication market 亚洲银团市场Asian dollar bonds 亚洲美元债券Asset Allocation 资产配置Asset Backed Securities 资产担保债券Asset Management 资产管理Asset swap 资产掉期Assignment method 转让方法;指定分配方法ASX 澳大利亚证券交易所Auckland Stock Exchange 奥克兰证券交易所Auction market 竞价市场Authorized capital 法定股本;核准资本Authorized fund 认可基金Authorized representative 授权代表Australian Options Market 澳大利亚期权交易所Australian Stock Exchange 澳大利亚证券交易所。
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• Self-regulation is the psychological process by which counter-normatlled (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000). • Ego depletion refers to the idea that self-control and other mental processes that require focused conscious effort rely on energy that can be used up. • Sleep:sleep quantity and by sleep quality
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Abusive supervision was defined as subordinates' perceptions of the extent to which supervisors engage in the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact.
• •
Hypothesis 2. Daily leader ego depletion is positively related to daily abusive supervisor behavior. Hypothesis 3. Daily leader ego depletion mediates the effects of (a) daily leader sleep quantity and (b) daily leader sleep quality on daily abusive supervisor behavior.
• Work engagement is a state of cognitive, emotional, and physical investment in one’s personal experience or performance of work
• • Hypothesis 4. Daily abusive supervision will be negatively related to daily unit work engagement. Hypothesis 5a. Daily leader ego depletion and daily abusive supervisor behavior will serially mediate the daily leader sleep quantity to daily unit work engagement relationship. Hypothesis 5b. Daily leader ego depletion and daily abusive supervisor behavior will serially mediate the daily leader sleep quality to unit work engagement relationship
• Hypothesis 1a. Daily leader sleep quantity is negatively related to daily leader ego depletion. • Hypothesis 1b. Daily leader sleep quality is negatively related to daily leader ego depletion.