2014春季学期八年级英语下册unit7全单元课件
人教版八年级下英语unit7全单元ppt课件
.
9
596
five hundred and ninety-six
84,321 eighty-four thousand three
hundred and twenty-one
9,648,215 Nine million, six hundred
and forty-eight thousand, two hundred and fifteen
.
11
1b. Listen and complete the sentences.
1. Qomolangma is _h_i_g_h_e_r__ than any other mountain in the world.
2. The Sahara is _t_h_e_b_i_g_g_e_st_ desert in the world.
Unit 7
What’s the highest mountain in the world?
.
1
square n. 平方 meter n. 米
.
2
deep adj. 深的
desert n. 沙漠
population n. 人口 . Asia n. 亚洲 3
tour v. n. 旅行 tourist n. 旅行者
.
10
1a. Match the facts you know.
Qomolangma
The Sahara The Caspian Sea The Nile
about 9,600,000 square kilometers in size
1,025 meters deep 6,671 kilometers long 8,844.43 meters high
人教版八年级英语下册unit 7单元优质课件
Words and expressions
tourist wall amazing
ancient protect wide as far as I know
n. 旅行者；观光者 n. 墙 adj. 令人大为惊奇的； 令人惊喜的
adj. 古代的；古老的 v. 保护；防护 adj. 宽的；宽阔的 就我所知
这种鱼都是自家做的。
This kind of fish is homemade.
3. Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great
Wall tour. 在今天的长城游中，大家尽管问我任何问题，不 要拘束。 feel free是英语口语中一个常用表达。若有人让 你feel free to do something，就是让你无需拘束， 只管按照自己的意愿去做某事。e.g.
The Sahara
➢ Objectives
square, meter,
deep, desert, population, Asia, tour,
tourist, wall, ancient, protect, wide…
Words and expressions
square meter deep desert population Asia feel free tour
这个城市的人口是600万。 The population of this city is six million． 中国的人口比美国的人口多很多。
The population of China is much larger than that of the USA.
2. man-made 为合成形容词，意为“人造的”。英语中像这样 与-made复合而成的形容词还有：handmade(手工 制作的)、homemade (家庭制作的)、machinemade (机制的)等，用以描述产品的生产或制造手 段、特点等。
八年级下册第七单元英语ppt
Learning gains from this unit
Critical thinking
Developed the ability to analyze and evaluate different perspectives in texts
Gained experience in making informed decisions based on evidence and reasoning
The author corporations many cultural references and allocations, such as the Victorian era, the works
of other authors, and traditional fairy tales
Understanding the cultural background of the story helpers readers better understand the characters, events, and themes in
1
Writing skills
2
Could further develop essay writing skills by practicing more timed writing assignments
3
Could improve grammar and punctation skills through additional practice and feedback
Listen to a paragraph and fill in the blanks with missing information
人教版八年级英语下册Unit7课件
人教版八年级英语下册Unit7课件一、教学内容1. 引入部分：通过谈论电视节目，引导学生思考一般疑问句的构成和用法。
2. 对话部分：学习对话中出现的新词汇和表达方式，理解对话内容，并能运用到实际情景中。
3. 阅读部分：阅读一篇关于电视节目的短文，提高学生的阅读理解能力，同时巩固本节课所学内容。
4. 语法部分：学习一般疑问句的构成及其回答方式，通过练习巩固知识点。
5. 练习部分：通过各种练习活动，让学生在实际情景中运用所学知识。
二、教学目标1. 学生能够掌握一般疑问句的构成及其回答方式。
2. 学生能够运用本节课所学词汇和表达方式进行日常交流。
3. 学生能够提高阅读理解能力，理解并运用文章中的相关信息。
三、教学难点与重点重点：一般疑问句的构成及其回答方式。
难点：运用所学知识进行实际交流和阅读理解。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：课件、黑板、粉笔。
2. 学具：课本、练习本、文具。
五、教学过程1. 引入部分：教师与学生谈论电视节目，引导学生思考一般疑问句的构成和用法。
例如：“你喜欢看电视节目吗？”，“你通常看哪些电视节目？”等。
2. 对话部分：教师播放对话录音，学生跟读并模仿语音语调。
然后，教师提问学生关于对话内容的问题，如：“他们在谈论什么？”，“他们为什么要这么问？”等。
3. 阅读部分：教师分发文章，学生独立阅读。
阅读结束后，教师提问学生关于文章内容的问题，如：“文章主要讲述了什么？”，“你从文章中学到了哪些新词汇？”等。
4. 语法部分：教师讲解一般疑问句的构成及其回答方式，并通过例句和练习让学生进行实际操作。
5. 练习部分：教师组织学生进行各种练习活动，如小组讨论、角色扮演等，让学生在实际情景中运用所学知识。
六、板书设计板书内容主要包括本节课的重点词汇和表达方式，以及一般疑问句的构成和回答方式。
七、作业设计1. 作业题目：(1) 根据本节课所学，编写一个关于电视节目的对话。
(2) 写一篇短文，介绍你喜欢的电视节目，并说明原因。
人教版八年级下册第七单元英语课件.ppt
Eg:would you mind not smoking here? 3.请你不要讲话好吗？ Eg:would you mind not talking?
• Would you mind doing sth?=
• Would you mind +名词宾格/形容词性物主代词+doing sth?你介意某人做某事吗?
Sorry,I have to sleep.
sweeping the floor
Would you mind sweeping the floor?
Certainly not. Sorry,you’d better not.
turning off the light
Would you mind turning off the light ?
Turn on 打开
it up.
Turn on the TV .
Turn off 关闭
Turn off the TV.
Grammar
Right away立即，马上。多用于一般将来时。 at once =in a minute=in a moment =right
now
Eg:我的朋友马上就会回来。 My friend will come back in a minute/moment.
No problem. Sorry,I have to read books.
Not closing the window
Would you mind not closing the window? .
I am sorry,I won’t do it again.
not playing basketball here
2014年人教版新目标八年级下Unit7SectionB课件
Milk.
Bamboos.
2c
4. Why are pandas endangered?
5. What is one way of saving pandas?
Because there is less forest for pandas to live.
3. …they run over with excitement and some of them even walk into their friends and fall over! run over 跑上前去 over adv.穿越；从……的一边到另一边 e.g. She ran over to say hello, but I didn’t recognize her. 她跑过来打招呼，但我没有认出她 来。
Discuss what other ways you think children can help to save the pandas.
2e
1. At birth, a baby panda is about… birth v. 出生 at birth 出生时 e.g. Man’s nature at birth is good. 人之初，性本善。 give birth to… 生（孩子）；产生 e.g. My aunt gave birth to a beautiful baby girl yesterd源自y. 昨天我婶婶生下一个漂亮的小女孩。
2. A panda can live up to 20 to 30 years. up to 到达（数量，程度等）；不多于 e.g. In some area of Africa, children get educated up to 12 years old. 在非洲的一些地区，孩子最多受教 育到12岁。
人教版八年级英语下册教学课件《Unit-7-Section-B-1a-1d》
➢ 中考链接 U7S-
— What subject do you like ____, English, math
or physics?
— Of course, English.
1b
Listen and check (✓) the numbers you hear.
__✓___100
_____ 50
__✓___ 0.2
_____ 16
_____ 120
__✓___ 150
__✓___ 20 __✓___ 0.1
1c Listen again and complete the
this panda.
(200 cm taller/shorter, weigh much more/less, eat much more/less, eat many times more.)
This panda is 200 cm shorter than this elephant. This elephant eats much more than this panda.
称……的重量
birth
n. 出生；诞生
at birth
出生时
up to
到达(某数量、程度等)；
至多有；不多于
adult
adj. 成年的；成人的
n. 成人；成年动物
Elephant
-is 350 cm tall -weighs 5,000 kilos -eats 150 kilos of food a day
more than a baby panda.
八年级英语下册unit7课件(一)
八年级英语下册unit7课件(一)Unit 7: The WeatherTeaching Content•Vocabulary related to weather•Sentence structures for describing weather•Listening and speaking activities related to weather •Reading and writing activities related to weather Teaching Preparation•Prepare flashcards or visual aids for weather vocabulary •Prepare listening materials or videos related to weather •Prepare reading materials or texts related to weather •Prepare writing activities or prompts related to weather Teaching Objectives1.To introduce and practice weather vocabulary2.To provide opportunities for students to practicedescribing weather using appropriate sentence structures3.To improve students’ listening and speaking skillsthrough weather-related activities4.To enhance students’ reading comprehension skillsthrough weather-related texts5.To develop students’ writing skills by engaging them inweather-related writing tasksDesign ExplanationThe design of this lesson aims to engage students in various activities related to weather, allowing them to actively practice and consolidate their understanding of the vocabulary and sentence structures. The lesson includes a combination of listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities to cater to different learning preferences and skills.Teaching Process1.Warm-up activity:–Show pictures of different weather conditions and ask students to describe them using the appropriatevocabulary.–Play a short video or audio clip of different weather conditions and ask students to identifythem.2.Vocabulary introduction and practice:–Present weather vocabulary using flashcards or visual aids.–Drill the pronunciation and spelling of the weather words.–Engage students in various vocabulary practice activities such as matching, fill in the blanks, orword association games.3.Sentence structure practice:–Introduce sentence structures for describingweather (e.g., “It’s sunny today,” “It’sraining heavily”).–Provide examples and model the sentence structures.–Ask students to practice forming sentences to describe different weather conditions.4.Listening and speaking activities:–Play a weather-related listening activity or video.–Ask comprehension questions to check understanding.–Engage students in speaking activities such as pair or group discussions about their favorite weatheror their experiences in different weatherconditions.5.Reading activity:–Provide students with a short passage or text about different weather conditions.–Ask students to read the text and answercomprehension questions.–Discuss the main points and key details in the text.6.Writing activity:–Assign a writing task related to weather, such as writing a weather forecast or describing amemorable weather experience.–Provide prompts or guiding questions to helpstudents structure their writing.–Collect and review students’ written work,providing feedback and suggestions for improvement.Post-lesson ReflectionThis lesson successfully engaged students in various interactive activities related to weather. The use of visual aids, listening materials, reading texts, and writing tasks provided students with different opportunities to practice and apply their understanding of weather vocabulary and sentence structures. The lesson could be further improved by incorporating more group activities and opportunities for student interaction. Additionally, providing students with real-life weather scenarios or dialogues could make the lesson more practical and relatable.Unit 7: The Weather (Continued)Teaching Content•Vocabulary related to weather•Sentence structures for describing weather•Listening and speaking activities related to weather •Reading and writing activities related to weather Teaching Preparation•Review flashcards or visual aids for weather vocabulary•Prepare additional listening materials or videos related to weather•Find more reading materials or texts related to weather •Prepare more writing activities or prompts related to weatherTeaching Objectives1.To reinforce weather vocabulary and sentence structures2.To provide extended opportunities for students topractice describing weather in speaking and writingactivities3.To further improve students’ listening and speakingskills through weather-related activities4.To deepen students’ reading comprehension skillsthrough additional weather-related texts5.To expand students’ writing skills by engaging them inmore challenging weather-related writing tasksDesign ExplanationContinuing from the previous lesson, this lesson builds upon the students’ existing knowledge of weather vocabulary and sentence structures. The focus of this lesson is toprovide additional practice and extension activities to further develop their proficiency in describing weather. The lesson includes more listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities to reinforce their understanding and skills.Teaching Process1.Warm-up activity:–Review the weather vocabulary by playing aflashcard game or a quick vocabulary quiz.–Ask students to describe the weather conditions outside the classroom at that moment.2.Vocabulary and sentence structure reinforcement:–Review the sentence structures for describing weather.–Provide additional examples and ask students to create their own sentences using different weathervocabulary.3.Listening and speaking activities:–Play a weather-related dialogue or conversation.–Ask comprehension questions and engage students in discussions about the dialogue.–Arrange pair or group activities where students role-play different weather scenarios.4.Reading activity:–Provide students with an extended reading passage about weather phenomena or climate change.–Ask students to read the text and answer more in-depth comprehension questions.–Encourage students to share and discuss their opinions on the topic.5.Writing activity:–Assign a more advanced writing task related to weather, such as writing a persuasive essay on theimpact of weather on daily life.–Provide prompts and encourage students to conduct research or gather information to support theirarguments.–Provide feedback on students’ writing and guide them in improving their critical thinking andpersuasive writing skills.Post-lesson ReflectionBuilding upon the previous lesson, this lesson successfully reinforced students’ understanding of weather vocabulary and sentence structures. The additional listening, speaking, reading, and writing activities provided opportunities for students to apply these language skills in various contexts. Students were able to engage in more in-depth discussions and express their opinions on weather-related topics. To further enhance the lesson in the future, incorporating real-life weather data, multimedia resources, or interactive online platforms relating to weather could make the learning experience more dynamic and captivating.。
人教新目标八年级下册Unit7 What's the highest mountain in the world全单元课件
• 每三位都是从个位到百位数的，读法遵循一般规律，即在 百位和十位之间（十位为零时在个位之前）加and如：
• 103,000 one hundred and three thousand
• • • • • •
1,000 1,001 3,010 4,056 6,300 12,345
• • • • • •
-It’s about 6,500 kilometers
long.
The second longest river in the world
It’s 8,844 meters high. 它有8,844米高。 It is 1,025 meters deep. 它有1,025米深。 It is 6,300 kilometers long. 它有6,300米长。 It is about 9,600,000 square kilometers in size. 它大概9,600,000平方千米大。
表示长度的单位： millimeter毫米 centimeter厘米 meter米 kilometer 公里/千米 square millimeter 平方毫米 square centimeter 平方厘米 square meter 平方米 square kilometer 平方千米
It’s 8,844 meters high. 它有8,844米高。 It is 1,025 meters deep. 它有1,025米深。 It is 6,300 kilometers long. 它有6,300米长。 It is about 9,600,000 square kilometers in size. 它大概9,600,000平方千米大。
课文要点P50 2a
• The Yangtze River is about 6,300 kilometers long and the Yellow River is 5, 464 kilometers long. 多得多 人口最多 • China has the biggest population in the world. It’s a lot bigger than the population of the US.
2014新人教版八年级下册英语unit7-sectionA-3a-3c课件
5. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is
dangerous? even though 用作从属连词，意为“即使； 尽管”，相当于even if，引导让步状语从
句，一般不与并列连词but连用。如：
4. heavy storms
5. hard to breathe
many dangers
第11页，共31页。
the most dangerous
Paragraphs 2 Achievements of climbers List three achievements
1.1953-Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary were the first to reach the top.
F
第14页，共31页。
T
3c Answer the questions using
information from the article. 1. Where are the Himalayas?
In the southwestern part of China.
2. How high is Qomolangma?
Paragraph 3 List the spirit of climbers
1. challenge themselves in face of difficulties.
2. never give up trying to achieve dreams.
3. be stronger than the forces of nature.
之后；如果其宾语是代词，那么代词只
2014年春人教版最新八年级英语下册《Unit7 What’s the highest mounta
需要更完整的资源请到 新世纪 教育网 -
需要更完整的资源请到 新世纪 教育网 -
8 Scientists say there are now fewer than 2000 pandas living in the remaining forests. 科学家们说，如今生活在现存森林里的熊 猫不足2000只。 the girls singing under the tree. 9 remaining adj.遗留的 remain v. He depends on his father’s remaining money only.
需要更完整的资源请到 新世纪 教育网 -
需要更完整的资源请到 新世纪 教育网 -
6 illness n.疾病 He can’t go to school because of illness. 7 or so 大约 He will return in a week or so.
Usually one birth produces only one baby,two in rare cases ,but the mother raises only one,the other is left to die Panda have an average life span of 15 years.
The panda weighs much less than the elephant.
One of the most
2014年人教版新目标八年级下Unit7-Section-A-1课件(33页)
2a Listen and number the facts(1- 4) in the order you hear them.
6,300 5,000 5,464 300
4 The Yangtze River is about ____ kilometers long ___ and the Yellow River is ___ kilometers long. 2 China has the biggest population in the world. ___ It’s a lot bigger than the population of the US. 1 China is over ___ years old. It has a much longer ___ history than the US. The US is not even ___ years old. 3 China is almost as big as the US, but it is the ___ biggest country in Asia.
• 9.为什么古代的皇帝 要修筑城墙 • 10.主要的原因是保护 他们国家的领土 • 11.正如你所看见的 • 12.它相当高，而且宽 • 13.据我所知 • 14.没有像它这样大的 人造物体 • 15.是明长城的一部分 • 16.最著名的一部分
9. Why did the ancient emperors build the wall? 10.The main reason was to protect their part of the country 11.As you can see 12.it’s quite tall and wide 13.As far as I know 14.There are no manmade objects as big as this. 15.part of the Ming Great Wall 16.the most famous part
八年级下七单元英语ppt课件ppt课件
Overview of Unit Content
The unit begins with an introduction to the concept of famous characters and their significance in different media.
The unit also includes activities that encourage students to further explore characters through role-playing, creative writing, and critical thinking exercises.
Highlight the most important points or messages is of language points in the text
01 02
Vocabulary
Identify and explain important words and phrases used in the text, their meanings, and how they contribute to the overall message.
Paragraph Completion
This exercise challenges students to complete a paragraph by filling in the missing parts, ensuring that the completed text is grammatically sound and coherent.
Meanings and pronunciation
It is essential for students to understand the meanings and correct pronunciation of these new words to enhance their vocabulary knowledge.
英语课件八年级英语下册Unit7课件
To develop students' reading comprehension and critical thinking skills by analyzing famous characters and their achievements.
Vocabulary and Grammar
根据学生的实际英语水平，选择适合的听力材料，逐步提高学生的听力理解能力。
听力材料难度
引导学生了解并掌握如预测答案、定位关键信息和筛选无关信息等听力技巧。
通过实例分析，指导学生如何在真实的听力材料中运用所学的听力技巧。
技巧应用指导
听力技巧讲解
设计多样化的听力练习题，如多选题、填空题和简答题等，以检验学生对听力材料的理解程度。
CATALOGUE
02
List of new words
1. "adjective" - a word that describes a noun or a pronoun.
2. "adverb" - a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Topic Selection
Ensure that writing instructions are clear and easy to understand, guiding students through each step of the writing process.
Clarity of Instructions
1. "as far as" - used to express comparison or opinion.
八年级英语下册unit7课件新人教版
Situation 5: Some students sleep in class. Would you mind not sleeping in class?
--- Would you mind…? Would you mind not….?
____F__? 2. If he is a gentleman, before smoking, he usually asks, _A_? 3. If someone cuts in line, you should say, ____C___?
4. If you don’t stand well, your teachers or parents will say, ___D__? 5. Your mother will say, ___E___? if you often chat with your
A: Would you mind turning down the music? B: I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away.
A: Would you mind not sleeping late?
B: I’m sorry. I’ll get up in a minute.
--- No, not at all./Of course not./Certainly not.
Ok, I’ll do it right away. Sorry. I’ll do it in a minute. I’m sorry. I won’t do it again.
A: Would you mind doing the dishes?
(礼貌地提出要求)
人教版八年级英语下册Unit 7 Section A 4a-4c 课件
用 比较级+and +比较级； more and more+原级 4.表示“越...就越...” the+比较级，the+比较级
5.比较级形容词可以用 much,a little, a lot, even, far,
has a larger population than Hong Kong.
Two animals: _E大_le_象p_h_a_n_t_ and _狮__L子_io_n___ 1. _A_一n_头_el_e大_p_h象_an_比t_一i_s_b只_i_g狮g_e_子r_t_大h_a。_n_a__li_on_.______ 2. _A一__l只i_on_狮_r子_u_n大_s_f象a_s_跑t_er_得_th快_a_n。_a_n__e_le_p_h_a_n_t.____
策略：可以比较城市的面积、人口、历史等
Two cities: _香_H港_o_n_g_K__o_n_g and _上_S_h海_a_n_gh_a_i___ 1. _H香_o_港n_g_和K__上o_n海_g_i一_s _a样_s _现m_o代_d_e化_r_n。_a_s_S_h_a_n_g_h_a_i.__ 2. _S上_h_海a_n比_g_h香_ai_港i_s_大b_ig_，g_e而_r_且t_h_a它_n_的H_人_on_口g__K比_o_香n_g_港a_n多_d_。it
长的 long --- length 长度 宽的 wide --- width 宽度 高的 high --- height 高度 深的 deep --- depth 深度
面积：in size 重量：in weight
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
population
____ 1 China is over ________ years old. It has a much longer history than the US. The
US is not even_______ years old.
3 China is almost as big as the US, and it ____
Tourist 2: Wow, that’s amazing! Why did the ancient emperors build the wall? Guide: The main reason was to protect their part of the country. As you can see， it’s quite tall and wide. As far as I know, there are no man-made objects as big as this. Tourist 3: Is Badaling part of the Ming Great Wall? Guide: Yes, it’s the most famous part.
is the biggest country in Asia.
2b. Listen again and fill in the blanks in 2a with the numbers in the box.
6,300
______ຫໍສະໝຸດ 5,0005,464
300
4 The Yangtze River is about ________ 6,300
Language points
1. Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour. 在今天的长城游中，大家尽管问我任何问题， 不要拘束。 feel free是英语口语中一个常用表达。若有人 让你feel free to do something,就是让你无需拘 束，只管按照自己的意愿去做某事。 e.g. A: Can I use your bathroom? 我可以用一下你的卫生间吗？ B: Yes, feel free.可以，请随意。
Unit 7
What’s the highest mountain in the world?
Language Goal: Talk about geography and nature
1a. Match the facts you know.
Qomolangma about 9,600,000 square kilometers in size The Sahara The Caspian Sea The Nile 1,025 meters deep 6,671 kilometers long 8,844.43 meters high
1b. Listen and complete the sentences.
higher than any other 1. Qomolangma is ________ mountain in the world. 2. The Sahara is __________ the biggest desert in the world. the deepest of all the 3. The Caspian Sea is __________ salt lakes. the longest river in the world. 4. The Nile is ___________
is the biggest country in Asia.
2c. Make conversations using the information in 2a.
A: Did you know that China is one of the
oldest countries in the world?
1c. Use the information in 1b to make conversations.
A: What is the highest mountain in the
world?
B: Qomolangma.
2a. Listen and number the facts [ 1-4] in the order you hear them.
Hillary were the first to reach the top;
1960 - The first Chinese team did so;
1975 – the Japanese Junko Tabei
succeeded doing so.
Paragraphs 1 & 3 List four comparisons: most dangerous sport; most popular places; the highest mountain; the most famous mountain
It is 8,844.43 meters high.
3. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous?
One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 4. What does the spirit of the climbers tell us?
6,300
______
5,000
5,464
300
4 The Yangtze River is about ________
kilometers long and the Yellow River is __________ kilometers long.
____ 2 China has the biggest population in the world. It’s a lot bigger than the
3c. Answer the questions using information from the article.
1.Where are the Himalayas? The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China.
2. How high is Qomolangma?
3a. Read the article and match each paragraph with the main ideas.
Qomolangma — the Most Dangerous Mountain in the World? One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of
List four dangers for climbers: thick clouds Snow slide; Freezing weather conditions; Heavy storm;
Paragraph 2 List three achievements: 1953 - Tenzing Norgay and Edmund
The first people to reach the top were Tenzing
Norgay and Edmund Hillary on May 29,1953.
The first Chinese team did so in I960, while the
first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from
China. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma
rises the highest and is the most famous. It is 8,844.43 meters high and so is very dangerous to climb. Thick clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. It also shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature.
population
____ 1 China is over ________ 5,000 years old. It has a much longer history than the US. The
US is not even_______ 300 years old.
3 China is almost as big as the US, and it ____
B: Yes, I did. It’s much older than my
country.