Characteristics of American culture
Characteristics of Americans
Characteristics of Americans/American Culture1.Americans come in all colors, have all types of religions, and speak many languages from all over the world.2.Americans are extremely independent, individualistic, and like to be different from each other.3.66% of Americans are overweight; 37% of those are obese [o ʊˈbis] adj.极为肥胖的，肥大的;.4.Americans believe in freedom of choice.5.Americans need a lot of “elbow room”某人能施展的地方或空间; they like personal space around them.6. Approximately 1% of Americans are homeless (3.5 million people).7.Americans talk easily to the homeless but use good judgment and are careful with whom they talk.8. Sadly, the streets of major cities are often dirty.9. Many people, especially teenagers, wear strange clothes, and many have tattoos[tæˈtu:z]文身 and body piercings.10.Americans follow the rule of law.11.Never ask Americans a direct question about their religion, age, money, salary, weight, or dress/suit size.12.Do not make any racist or negative remarks about someone’s religion, family background, or sexual preferences.13.Men should not make any “sexist”性别歧视者; remarks to or about women—anything that would make women unequal to men.14.Americans say that they don’t want to talk about politics, but sometimes they do. It’s best to just listen first to see the other person’s point of view before you let them know your thoughts.15.Never go to someone’s house without calling first to see if it is convenient.16.If you are invited to an American party, do not bring your children, friends, or family members without first asking the permission of the host.17.Time is money. Never be late to classes, employment interviews, appointments, parties (especially your wedding!), etc.18.Some Americans hug a lot. It is okay for women and men to hug even if they are not close friends.19.It is normal for American women to have male friends who are just friends (and vice versa)..反过来也一样20.It is not uncommon for American men and women to share an apartment as roommates and not have a sexual relationship with each other.21.Most American women do not like possessive or jealous men.22.Most American women do not feel comfortable having the man pay for everything all of the time.23. It is normal for an American teacher to sit on the desk.24. Never go to a hospital emergency room unless it is a matter of life or death.25. Americans are really careful about not bothering anyone else with their body odor or bad breath.26. Most Americans take at least one bath or shower each day.27.Most Americans put on a good underarm deodorant after bathing.28.Throw all toilet paper and seat covers in the toilet to be flushed away.29.If you can’t understand the sign on the restroom door, ask someone or check to see who goes in or comes out.30. Americans often talk to each other or on the cell phone while using the bathroom.。
美国文化American culture
U.S. Census Bureau Population projections
Race/ethnicity Whites
Non-Hispanic Whites Hispanics/Latinos (of any race) African Americans Asian Americans
2010 79.5%
Cold War
Richard M Nixon Ronald Reagan
Recent presidents
President Barack Obama's Inaugural Address
We remain a young nation. But in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea passed on from generation to generation: the Godgiven promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.
我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的： 人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的 权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权 利。
That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. 为了保障这些权利，人们才在他们中间建立政府，而政府 的正当权利，则是经被统治者同意授予的。任何形式的政 府一旦对这些目标的实现起破坏作用时，人民便有权予以 更换或废除，以建立一个新的政府。新政府所依据的原则 和组织其权利的方式，务使人民认为唯有这样才最有可能 使他们获得安全和幸福。
美国文化英文300作文
美国文化英文300作文American Culture。
American culture is a diverse and complex mixture of traditions, beliefs, customs, and values that have developed over the course of the country's history. It is a culture that has been shaped by the contributions of people from all over the world, and it continues to evolve and change as new ideas and influences are introduced.One of the defining characteristics of American culture is its emphasis on individualism. Americans value personal freedom and the ability to make choices for themselves. This is reflected in the country's political system, which is based on the principles of democracy and capitalism. Americans believe that individuals should be free to pursue their own goals and ambitions, and that success should be based on merit and hard work.Another important aspect of American culture is itsdiversity. The United States is a melting pot of different cultures, ethnicities, and religions. This diversity is celebrated and embraced, and it has contributed to the country's rich cultural heritage. Americans are proud of their country's multiculturalism, and they believe that itis one of the strengths of their society.Religion is also an important part of American culture. Although the United States is a secular country, religion plays a significant role in the lives of many Americans. Christianity is the dominant religion, but there are also significant populations of Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus. Americans are generally tolerant of different religious beliefs, and they believe that people should be free to practice their religion without interference.Sports are another important aspect of American culture. Americans are passionate about sports, and they have a strong tradition of athletic achievement. Baseball, basketball, and American football are among the mostpopular sports in the country, and they are a source ofpride for many Americans. Sports also provide a sense ofcommunity and camaraderie, and they are a way for people to come together and share a common interest.Finally, American culture is characterized by its loveof innovation and progress. Americans are always lookingfor ways to improve their lives and the world around them. This drive for innovation has led to many important technological advancements, from the invention of the telephone to the development of the internet. Americans believe that progress is essential for a better future, and they are constantly pushing the boundaries of what is possible.In conclusion, American culture is a complex anddiverse mixture of traditions, beliefs, customs, and values. It is a culture that has been shaped by the contributionsof people from all over the world, and it continues to evolve and change as new ideas and influences are introduced. Americans are proud of their country's multiculturalism, individualism, and commitment to progress, and they believe that these values are essential for a successful and prosperous society.。
中西方文化
文化差异：美国人比较看中个人的独立性。 受人照顾往往被视为弱者。 特别忠告：对病人表示关心，不必尽提建议。
Proper response:
I'm sorry to hear that (you've got a bad cold). I hope you'll be all right very soon. Take extra care of yourself. That's too bad. What's the matter?
Case 3 Chinese: ― Please drop by or have chat when you have time ‖ (有空来坐坐) American: ? 文化差异：美国同事对“有空来坐坐”这句 话只当作虚礼客套，不当作正式邀请。无 事打电话闲聊也是美国人视为打乱别人私 人时间和活动安排的不礼貌行为。 特别忠告：有心约会要主动约时间地点
1. What is culture? -- Metaphor
1. What is culture?
Definitions in the dictionary
n. 1. a) The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. b) These patterns, traits, and products considered as the expression of a particular period, class, community, or population: Edwardian culture; Japanese culture; the culture of poverty. c) These patterns, traits, and products considered with respect to a particular category, such as a field, subject, or mode of expression: religious culture in the Middle Ages; musical culture; oral culture.
英语国家概况
名词解释：1.the dominant American cultureThe dominant American culture is English-speaking, Western European, Protestant and middle-class in character, with the basic cultural values as freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living.美国的主流文化是讲英语的、西欧的、新教的和中产阶级的，他们的基本文化价值观是自由、平等和渴望为更高水平的生活而努力工作。
2.the Bill of Rights in 1791 (USA)When the constitution was first drawn up in 1787, nothing was mentioned about the rights of individuals. Then, in 1791, the first10 amendments, the well-known Bill of Rights, were created, toguarantee citizens of America specific individual rights and freedoms, such as freedom of speech and press and so on.1787宪法第一次起草时，没有提到个人的权利。
然后，在1791，最初的10项修正案，即著名的权利法案成立，以保障美国公民的具体个人权利和自由，如言论自由和新闻自由等。
3.the implication of “melting pot”and “salad bowl”In the early years the United States is often called a “melting pot”for that various racial and ethnic groups are assimilated into the American culture. However, it is regarded as a “salad bowl”nowadays which means that immigrants of different backgrounds mix harmoniously while at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.在早期，美国经常被称为“熔炉”，因为各种种族和族裔群体都被同化到美国文化中。
美国文化的主要特点和对中国青少年的影响
The culture of American is influenced by many countries such as African, Asian, Polynesian, and so forth. It is like the melting pot of society. There are three main characteristics of American culture.Firstly, they think the personal value is very important and is over everything. They belief individualism and that is the most important one they think. They always think about that he is the center of the world and doing everything for himself and pursuit the good interest. They can through hard work and personal intelligence to gain the wonderful result and make the country much stronger than before. I think it is the good deal can stimulate personal ambition and dig out personal ability.Secondly, the public of USA focus on achievement, admire heroes, they have deep psychological accumulation about achievement worship and the hero worship. Personal achievement is one of the highest value of all American values. American has a strong sense of achievement. Success is the pursuit of all Americans, is a temping prospect, motivation. They believe that one’s personal value is equivalent to his achievements in his career. Some successful entrepreneurs, scientists, artists and all kinds of stars who are the models of heroes, recognized as social culture value orientation.Thirdly, USA liquidity is of great social. These movements are shown in two respects: geographical mobility and social mobility. USA is open and free. Many people in American no matter native born Americans or immigrants they all have dreams and make efforts to change their social status.In some degrees, there are some advantages in American culture. It can influence our Chinese youth to improve the ability to do something by themselves. With the penetration of western culture, I think its do more harm than good. The first point is that in the face of the American consumer culture, especially the media, Chinese youth values is gradually influenced by environment of western culture, so that the concept of “westernization” is very popular in our adolecents. Many USA companies brought our culture and transmitted it and adhere a new lable “self realization” , our youth will forget our own culture, so our traditional culture may face a risk of loss. The second point is that it not only impact them on thought but also the language they use on the internet is English. Now on the internet, the dominate language is English, accounting for about 90%, it contained so much information so many users use it. It motivated our youth to learn English but they overlooked the importance of the Chinese language, leads to decrease the in their ability to master the Chinese language. One is putting the pen to forget the word. Two is illegible. Beautiful degree is reduced, calligraphy was seriously neglected. The three is gradually lose interest in classical Chinese, ancient poetry, influenced the continuation of the excellent tradition Chinese culture.As a collage student we should set up the right value, we should take the right one when we are learning the western culture. Don’t forget our culture and make the Chinese culture to the world.。
英语作文美国的文化
英语作文美国的文化Title: Exploring American Culture。
America, a melting pot of diverse cultures, embodies a rich tapestry of traditions, values, and customs that shape its unique identity. From its vibrant arts scene to its dynamic social fabric, American culture reflects a fusion of influences from around the world. In this essay, we delve into the multifaceted aspects of American culture, shedding light on its defining characteristics.One of the most prominent features of American culture is its celebration of individualism and freedom. Rooted in the principles of democracy and liberty, Americans cherish the autonomy to express themselves openly and pursue their aspirations. This spirit of independence permeates various facets of American life, from entrepreneurship to personal beliefs, fostering a sense of empowerment among its citizens.Moreover, American culture is deeply entrenched in the pursuit of the "American Dream" – the belief that anyone, regardless of background or circumstance, can achieve success through hard work and determination. This ethos has inspired generations of Americans to strive for excellencein their endeavors, driving innovation, and progress across diverse fields.Furthermore, American culture is synonymous with diversity and inclusivity. As a nation built by immigrants, the United States prides itself on its multicultural heritage, embracing individuals from all walks of life.This diversity is evident in the myriad cuisines, languages, and customs that flourish within American society,enriching its cultural landscape.The arts play a pivotal role in shaping American culture, serving as a medium for creative expression and social commentary. From Hollywood blockbusters to Broadway productions, American entertainment captivates audiences worldwide with its ingenuity and imagination. Likewise, music genres such as jazz, blues, and hip-hop have emergedas quintessential expressions of the American experience, resonating with audiences across generations.Sports also hold a special place in American culture, serving as a unifying force that transcends social boundaries. Whether it's football, basketball, or baseball, sports evoke a sense of camaraderie and passion among fans, fostering community spirit and national pride.In addition to its cultural contributions, American society is characterized by its commitment to democratic ideals and social justice. Throughout its history, the United States has grappled with issues of equality andcivil rights, striving to uphold the principles of fairness and equity for all its citizens. While challenges persist, Americans continue to advocate for progress and positive change, driving conversations on issues such as racial equality, gender rights, and environmental sustainability.In conclusion, American culture is a vibrant tapestry woven from diverse threads of tradition, innovation, and inclusivity. From its celebration of individualism to itsembrace of multiculturalism, America's cultural mosaic reflects the dynamic spirit of a nation forged by the dreams and aspirations of its people. As the world continues to evolve, American culture remains a beacon of creativity, resilience, and hope for generations to come.。
美国沙拉文化简介
American culture “Salad Bowl”American history began with waves of immigrants, bringing their own cultures an d traditions to a vast new country. No other place in the world has such a diverse pop ulation. It is this diversity that makes America what it is.The United States has traditionally been referred to as a “melting pot”, welcoming people from many different countries, races, and religious.“Mosaic” also means “separate culture”. If you were given one “picture” of Ameri ca, you can see one unified culture. But on close inspection, you can distinguish the v arious contributing cultures.However, compared with the two concepts of American culture, “Salad Bowl” is distinctive. Firstly, “melting Pot” focuses on blending various cultures and ethnicities. Immigrant populations within the United States are being blended together in one “Pot”. But “salad Bowl” pays more attention to the mixtures of various ingredients that keep their individual characteristics. Secondly, “Mosaic” is more familiar with “Salad Bowl”, these two cultures keep their own culture. However, the “Salad Bowl” which means the unique characteristics of each culture is still identifiable within the large American society, yet, “Mosaic” is more indistinct, and we should distinguish its unique culture through closer inspection.In the 1980s there is a popular topic: whether America is a melting pot or a salad b owl? Whether the salad would replace the pot? In such a salad bowl society, all kinds of people blend together, but on the other hand, they do not lose their own culture. No w let me give you examples:In many cities, like New Y ork, there are neighborhoods that are mostly inhabited by people from the same culture or country. Chinatown is one example. There are other neighborhoods that are mostly Russian, or Korean, or Jewish, and so on. In those neighborhoods, they communicate in their own language, keep their own culture. Another example is that in some big occasion such as Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, the Chinese who live in America would celebrate it in traditional way .They may invite their best friend or relatives to get together to enjoy a feast. It is a way they preserve their own culture.Today the trend is toward multiculturalism, not assimilation. The old "melting pot" metaphor is giving way to n ew metaphors "salad bowl”: mixtures of various ingredients that keep their individual characteristics. Immigrant populations within the United States are not being blended together in one "pot", but rather they are transforming American Society into a truly multicultural salad bowl。
大学英语阅读理解精选题,含答案
大学英语阅读理解精选题，含答案1.What happened to the bookseller one day?He lost a box of books.His foot was wounded by a box of books.（正确答案）He lent the doctor a box of books.He sold out all his books.2.The bookseller＇s wife asked him_________.to go out for some medicineto send somebody for a doctorto go to see the doctor（正确选项）to wait for the doctor to come3.The bookseller didn＇t take his wife＇s advice because________.he was afraid of the doctorhe didn＇t like to take medicinehe couldn＇t walk by himselfhe didn＇t want to pay the doctor（正确答案）4.The doctor paid________for the books.one poundtwo poundsnothing（正确答案）something5.The bookseller paid________money for seeing the doctor in the end.more（√）lessthe same amount ofno6.Newton is a place which________.used to be very cleanis no longer a cityis very clean（√）will be very clean7.When the government first ordered the people to kill rats,the people ________.asked for some money for each dead ratstole dead rats from the pilewere too lazy to kill many rats（正确选项）killed nearly all the rats quickly8.The people killed rats_________.to get money from the government（√）to help the government make the city cleanto make the government officer happyto protect(保护)their cats and dogs9.A deep hole was dug so that________.the rats couldn＇t come out to attack people at nightpeople could take rats from it easilypeople would kill more ratsnobody could take any rats from the pile（正确选项）10.What is the best topic for this passage?How to Kill RatsNewton-A City of RatsHow Newton Became a Very Clean Place（正确选项）How Newton Became a Famous City11.Mr.Forester lived________.with his family in a citywith his family in the countrysidealone in a cityalone in the countryside（正确答案）12.Tom_________went into town.oftenalwaysalmost never（正确答案）everyday13.The old people in the restaurant read their newspapers__________.with glasses on（正确选项）with glasses offwith glasses of beer in front of themwith glass pipes in their mouths14.The shop Tom went into sold_________.drinking glasses and cupsglass for windows and doorsglasses for people who could not readglasses for people who could not see well（正确答案）15.What kind of mistake did Tom make?He went to the wrong kind of shop.He didn＇t try on all the glasses in the shop.He thought that a person who had not learned to read would be able to do so if he wore glasses.（正确答案）He left his money in the restaurant16.James Thornhill was an English________.workerartist（正确答案）kingwriter17.He was ordered to_________.paint the wall of the king＇s palace in Englandpaint some pictures on the wall of the palace（正确答案）build a big platform in front of the palaceput up some new pictures on the old wall18.It took them_________to finish the pictures.a montha weektwelve months（正确答案）half a month19.James Thornhill felt that the________he was from the pictures,the ________they were.nearer...more beautifulfarther...more uglyfarther...more beautiful（正确答案）higher above...more good-looking20.The worker threw some paint at the pictures in order to________.save James＇life（正确答案）destroy the picturemake the picture more beautifulmake the king angry21.The topic sentence of Para.1is_________.Morgan Rees has always been a good businessman（正确答案）he used to own three petrol stations and was busy most of the timewhen Morgan Rees was65,he got retiredreluctantly,he handed over the business to his son22.The topic sentence of Para.2is____________.he didn＇t know what to do with himselfhe went on holiday to interesting places with his wifehe was unhappy after he got retired（√）none of them23.Which of the following statements can best express the main idea of Para.3?One day he saw an advertisement in the newspaper.He bought a small crockery factory in secret and started work again.（正确答案）He told his family he bought a small crockery factory.His family was horrified and worried when they learned he bought the small factory.24.What is the central idea of the last paragraph?Morgan Rees has worked until he is76.Morgan Rees has developed the export market and improved the profits by200%.Morgan Rees hasn’t been bored since he bought the factory.Since he started working again,Morgan Rees has expanded the company considerably,which has enriched his retired life.（√）25.The passage mainly deals with________.why Morgan Rees bought a small crockery factoryhow Morgan Rees lived his retired life more happily by turning to work again（正确选项）how Moran Rees became a good businessmanhow Moran Rees expanded the company considerably26.Why did John Preston call a meeting last week?Because the residents were dissatisfied with the present residents＇committee.Because the residents were dissatisfied with the bad management of the flats.（√）Because some residents requested to change the present residents＇committee.Because he wanted to become Chairman of the committee.27.Who elected John as chairman of the committee?The agent.The residents.（正确选项）The committee.Acacia Grove.28.What does the word"inactivity"mean in the third sentence in Para. l?WeaknessProgressStateLack of actions（√）29.What does the word"due"mean in the first sentence of Para.2?to be paid（正确答案）properowedlarge30.When did they agree to pay the next service payment?At the end of the month.Within one month.When they were happy with the plans to improve the property.（正确答案）The agent would tell them.31.This passage mainly tells us__________.the author and her brother used to like stamps very muchthe author had a very kind motherthe author and her brothers had an unforgettable experience in collecting stamps（√）their mother used to support them by working in the post office32.According to the passage,her mother worked in the post officeduring the weekon Saturdays（正确答案）on Sundaysfor six days33.Their mother told them to go to the post office straightaway after the match if England won,but she didn＇t tell them why.Why do you think she did that?She wanted to give them a surprise.（正确选项）She doubted if she would get the stamps.She forgot to do that.She thought it unnecessary to tell them the reason.34.What does the sentence"We were over the moon."mean?We jumped high.We were extremely happy about it.（正确答案）We watched the moon for a long time.We couldn＇t sleep the whole night.35.What is the best title for this passage?My ChildhoodMy MotherA Precious StampA Memorable Experience in Collecting Stamps（正确选项）36.Which of the following has become one of America＇s fastest growing businesses?Selling home furnishings.Renting furnished apartments.Selling used furniture.Renting home furnishings.（正确选项）37.Why do some people prefer to rent furniture?__________________Because the furniture they get in this way is new.Because it saves them a lot of money.Because it saves them much trouble and money.（正确选项）Because they can always get better quality furniture in this way.38.What can you infer from the passage?________________________The idea of renting furniture is not acceptable.Renting furniture is not popular in the couple＇s home town.（正确选项）Only those who don’t have enough money to rent furniture.People usually grow to like the furniture they have rented.39.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? ______________Rent or Buy?A New Way of Getting Home Furnishings.（正确选项）Furnished Apartments.A New Idea40.Young people liked renting home furniture in that__________________they have less money.they don＇t want to buy old furniture.the new furniture is of good quality.they don＇t have much money and don＇t want to buy the cheap furniture.（正确选项）41.From Para.1,we know that in America______________.people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man（√）people can always rise to the top through their won effortscollege professors win great respect from common workerspeople feel painful to mention their fathers as labors42.According to the passage,the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because_____________servants in America are hard to getshe takes pride in what she can do herself（正确答案）she can hardly afford servantsit is easy to prepare a meal with canned food43.The underlined expression"wait on table"in Para2means"__________________".work in a furniture shopkeep accounts for a barwait to lay the tableserve customers in a restaurant（√）44.The author＇s attitude towards manual labor is______________.positive（√）negativehumorouscritical45.Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? ________________A Respectable Self-made FamilyAmerican Attitude toward Manual Labor（√）Characteristics of American CultureThe Development of Manual Labor46.The origin of language is_____________.a legend handed down from the pasta matter that is hidden or secreta question difficult to answera problem not yet solved（√）47.What is true about words?______________They are used to express feelings only.They can not be written down.They are simply sounds.（正确选项）They are mysterious.48.The real power of words consists in their_____________.propertiescharacteristicspeculiarityrepresentative function（正确选项）49.By"association"in the last paragraph,the author means___________.a special qualitya joining of ideas in the mind（正确答案）an appearance which is puzzlinga strange feature50.Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true?He is no more than a master of words.（正确答案）He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.He can move men to tears.His style is always charming.51.What does the author try to prove by citing"what kind of impression am I making?(Para.1)_________Shy people benefit from their caring about their appearance.People＇s shyness made them care too much about their appearance and actions.（√）It＇s natural that shy people don＇t believe other＇s compliments.Shy people think they are different from others.52.According to the writer,self-awareness is__________.a good quality（正确选项）the cause of unhappinessharmful to peoplea weak point of shy people53.That shy people react to a compliment in such a way is___________.goodunrealvery reasonableharmful（正确选项）54.Which of the following statements is true,according to the passage? ____________Shyness helps us to develop our potentialShyness enables us to understand ourselves betterShyness can block our chances for a rich life（正确选项）Shyness has nothing to do with lack of self-esteem55.It can be inferred from the passage that shy people__________.should find more of their weaknessshould understand themselves in the right way（√）had better ignore their weaknesscan get rid of their shyness while maintaining low self-esteem56.What is the main idea of this passage?_________It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U.S.The role of time in social life over the world.（正确答案）If people are late,they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the U.S.Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.57.What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours?A matter of work.A matter of life or death.（√）You want to see him or her.You want to make an appointment with him or her.58.Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend in the U.S.A.?at7:00amat4:00pm（正确答案）at the midnightat4:00am59.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? _________In the U.S.A.guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.No misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures about the concept of time.It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in thePromptness is valued highly in American life.（√）60.From the passage we can safely infer that___________it＇s a matter of life or death if you call someone in day time.the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.（正确选项）it makes no difference in the U.S.whether you are early or late for a business party.if a person is late for a date,he needn＇t make some explanation.61.Our long-term goals mean a1ot________.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsif we complete the short-term goals（√）if we have dreams of the futureif we put forward some plans62.New short-term goals are built upon____________.a daily basisyour achievement in a weekcurrent activitiesthe goals that have been completed（正确选项）63.When we complete each step of our goals,_________.we will win final successwe are overwhelmedwe will build up our confidence to achieve success（正确选项）we should have strong desire for setting new goals64.What is the main idea of this passage?_____________Life is a dynamic thing.We should set up long-term goals.Different kinds of goals in life.（正确选项）The limitation of long-term goals.65.Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage? __________The long-term goals cannot amount to very much without achieving short-term goals.The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.Life is a static thing,thus never allowing a long-term goal to limit us.（正确选项）We should often add new short-term goals to what have been completed.66.What makes a scientist according to the passage?___________The tools he uses.The way he uses his tools.（正确答案）His ways of learning.The various tools he uses.67.The underlined part in the passage shows___________.the importance of informationthe importance of thinkingthe difference between scientists and ordinary people（正确答案）the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs68.A sound scientific theory should be one that___________.works not only under one set of conditions at one time,but also under the same conditions at other times（正确答案）does not allow any changes even under different conditionscan be used for many purposesleave no room for improvement69.The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate______________.that measurements are keys to success m sciencethat accuracy of mathematicsthat investigations are important science（√）that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations70.What is the main idea of the passage?_____________The theory of relativity.Exactness is the core of science.Scientists are different from ordinary people.Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.（正确答案）71.Which of the following statements is NOT true?___________People who love Nature prefer to live outside the city.People who work in London prefer to live in the country.（√）Some people enjoying city life prefer to work and live inside London.Many nature lovers,though working in London,prefer to live outside the city.72.With the same money__________,one can buy a little house with a garden in the country.getting a small flat with a gardenhaving a small flat with a gardenrenting a small flat without a garden（正确答案）buying a small flat without a garden73.When the garden is in blossom,it means that one__________has been rewarded.living in the countryhaving spent time working in the garden（√）having a garden of his ownhaving been digging,planting and watering74.People who think happiness lies in the town would feel that____________if they had to live outside London.their life was meaningless（√）their life was invaluablethey didn＇t deserve a happy lifethey were not worthy of their happy life75.The underlined phrase get from in the3rd paragraph refers to___________.deal withdo away withescape fromprevent from。
美国文化英语作文
美国文化英语作文American Culture。
American culture is a rich and diverse tapestry thathas been shaped by a variety of influences over the centuries. From its indigenous roots to the waves of immigration that have occurred throughout history, American culture is a melting pot of traditions, beliefs, and values.One of the defining characteristics of American culture is its emphasis on individualism and personal freedom. The United States was founded on the principles of liberty and equality, and these ideals continue to shape the American identity. Americans value their independence and have a strong belief in the rights and freedoms of the individual. This can be seen in the American dream, the belief that anyone can achieve success and prosperity through hard work and determination.Another important aspect of American culture is itsdiversity. The United States is a nation of immigrants, and this diversity is reflected in its people, cuisine, and traditions. From Italian pizza to Mexican tacos, American cuisine is a fusion of flavors from around the world. Likewise, American music, art, and literature draw inspiration from a wide range of cultural influences.Religion also plays a significant role in American culture. While the United States is known for its separation of church and state, religion continues to be an important part of many Americans' lives. Christianity is the dominant religion, but there is also a significant presence of other faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Religious freedom is a fundamental right in the United States, and Americans are free to practice their religion without fear of persecution.Sports are another integral part of American culture. From baseball to basketball, American sports have a dedicated following and are a source of national pride. Super Bowl Sunday, the championship game of American football, is one of the most-watched television events ofthe year. Sports not only bring communities together butalso serve as a source of entertainment and a way to stay active and healthy.American culture is also known for its consumerism and materialism. The United States is a consumer-driven society, with a strong emphasis on buying and owning material possessions. This is reflected in the popularity ofshopping malls, the prevalence of advertising, and the importance placed on brands and status symbols.In conclusion, American culture is a complex anddiverse tapestry that is shaped by a variety of influences. From its emphasis on individualism and personal freedom to its rich cultural heritage, American culture is areflection of the nation's history and values. Whether itis through its diverse cuisine, religious freedom, love for sports, or consumer-driven society, American culture continues to evolve and shape the national identity.。
美国文学三个重要时期
Three main periods and their characteristics of American Literature The development of American literature can be divided into: I the Early American Literature; II the Age of American Romanticism and Transcendentalism; III the Age of Realism and Naturalism; IV Twentieth-century Literature---Modernism and Postmodernism. The following are the three main periods and their characteristics of American literature.1.The Age of American RomanticismThe period 1820s-1865 in American Literature is commonly identified as the Romantic Period in America. After the establishment of the Federal Government of 1789, American entered a new age. Its population was considerably added to by the influx of immigration. The American pioneers pushed the frontier further west beyond the Mississippi. Before 1860, the United States began to change into an industrial and urban society. The rapid growth of population, the westward expansion and the spread of industrialism produced something of an economic boom and a tremendous sense of optimism and hope among the people. The writers of this period produced works of originality and excellence that helped shape the ideas, ideals, and literary aims of many American writers. Writers of the American Romantic Period include Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Edgar Allan Poe, Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Emily Dickinson, and Walt Whitman.Romantic Period is one of the most important periods in the history of American literature. It was an age of westward expansion, of the increasing gravity of the slavery question, of an intensification of the spirit of embattled sectionalism in the South, and of a powerful impulse to reform in the North. In literature it was America’s first great creative period, a full flowering of the romantic impulse on American soil. The characteristics of American RomanticismAlthough greatly influenced by their English counterparts, the American romantic writers revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. For examp1e，the American national experience of"pioneering into the west" proved to be a rich source of material for American writers to draw upon. They celebrated America's landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, groves, endless prairies, streams, and vast oceans. The wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral 1aw. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. Such a desire is particularly evident in Cooper’s Leather Stocking Tales, in Thoreau's Walden and，later, in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. With the growth of American national consciousness, American character types speaking local dialects appeared in poetry and fiction with increasing frequency. (4)Then the American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values and American Romanticism. One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts.Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers.Later，American literature came to Transcendentalism Period which emphasized individualism, self-reliance, and rejection of tradition authority. It was actually greatly influenced by romanticism. American Romanticism culminated around the 1840s in what has come to be known as “New England Transcendentalism” or “American Renaissance” (1836-1855). The Transcendentalist movement, embodied by essayists Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, was a reaction against 18th century Rationalism, and closely linked to the Romantic Movement.In general, Transcendentalism was a liberal philosophy favoring nature over formal religious structure, individual insight over dogma, and humane instinct over social convention. American Transcendental Romantics pushed radical individualism to the extreme. American writers—then or later —often saw themselves as lonely explorers outside society and convention. There was a trust in the individual, democracy, possibility of continued change for the better, a need to see beyond what is before our eyes, and to see a deeper significance, a transcendentreality. Nature conceived of not as a machine but as an organism, symbol and analogue of the mind. For the Romantic American writer, nothing was a given. Literary and social conventions, far from being helpful, were dangerous. There was tremendous pressure to discover an authentic literary form, content, and voice.The romantic period of American literature stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. The Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The age of Realism came into existence.2. The age of RealismIf you study American literature, you’d better learn more about Realism. The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as the Age of Realism in the history of Unite States, which is actually a movement or tendency that dominated the spirit of American literature, especially American fiction from the 1850s onwards. In art and literature, Realism refers to an attempt to describe human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures exactly as they act or appear in life. Realism entered American literature after the Civil War, when the American society provided rich soil for the rise and development of Realism. William Dean Howells defined realism as “nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material”. Realists searched for the social and human nature more directly. In part, Realism was a reaction against the Romantic emphasis on the strange, idealistic, and long-ago and far-away. It has been chiefly concerned with the commonplaces of everyday life among the middle and lower classes where character is a product of social factors and environment is the integral element in the dramatic complications.Literature Features in Realism PeriodThe major form of literature produced in this era was realistic fiction.Unlike romantic fiction, realistic fiction aims to represent life as it really is and make the reader believe that the characters actually might exist and the situations might actually happen. In order to have this effect on the reader, realistic fiction focuses on the ordinary and commonplace. The major writers of the Realistic Period include William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, Henry James, Bret Harte, and Kate Chopin.The Ameri can authors lumped together as “realists” seem to have some features in common: “verisimilitude of detail derived from observation,” the effort to approach the norm of experience—a reliance on the representative in plot, setting, and character, and to offer an objective rather than an idealized view of human nature and experience. They insisted on accurate documentation, sociological insight, and avoidance of poetic diction and idealization. Local colorism as a trend first made its presence felt in the late 1860s and early 70s. Local colorist concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting the local character of their regions. The tended to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life.As a literary movement, realism came in the latter half of the nineteenth century as a reaction against “the lie” of romanticism and sentimentalism. It expressed the concern for the world of experience, of the commonplace, and for the familiar and low.Naturalism i s a term of literary history, primarily a French movement in prose fiction and the drama during the final third of the 19th century. The emergence of Naturalism does not mark a radical break with Realism, rather a logical extension of it. Broadly speaking, Naturalism is characterized by a refusal to idealize experience and by the persuasion that human life is strictly subjected to natural laws. The Naturalists shared with the earlier Realists the conviction that everyday life of the middle and lower classes of their own day provided subjects worthy of serious literary treatment. Emphasis was laid on the influence of the material and economic environment on behavior，on the determining effects of physical and hereditary factors in forming the individual’s temperament. In popular use, the term naturalism is sometimes used to mean fiction that exaggerates the techniques of realism, sacrificing prose style and depth of characterization for an exhaustive description of the external, observable world. Naturalism is a more deliberate kind of realism, usually involves a view of human beings as a passive victims of natural forces and social environment. 3. The Age of ModernismBetween 1914 and 1939, American Literature entered into a phase which is stillreferred to as "The Beginnings of Modern Literature". The large cultural wave of Modernism, which emerged in Europe, and then spread to the United States in the early years of the 20th century, expressed a sense of modern life through art as a sharp break from the past. As modern machinery had changed the pace, atmosphere, and appearance of daily life in the early 20th century, so many artists and writers, with varying degrees of success, reinvented traditional artistic forms and tried to find radically new ones—an aesthetic echo of what people had come to call “the machine age.” During that period, a large number of artists and literary movements are totally different from those of the 19th-century’s, in style, form and content. Modern psychology has a profound impact on the early 20th-century’s literature.American Modernism was a complex and diverse international literary movement, originating at about the end of the 19th century and reaching its maturity in the mid 20th. Based on different social realities and influenced by different ideas and thoughts, Modernism has been made up of many facets—symbolism, surrealism, expressionism, existentialism, stream of consciousness, Black Humor, the Theatre of the Absurd, and other minor trends.The literary features of ModernismCompared with earlier writings, especially those of the 19th century, modern American writings are notable for what thy omit—the explanations, interpretations, connections, and summaries. A typical modern work will seem to begin arbitrarily, to advance without explanation, and to end with resolution. The book is no longer a record of sequence and coherence but a juxtaposition of the past and the present, of the history and the memory, or a book. Like their British counterparts, the American Modernists experimented with subject matter, form, and style and produced achievements in all literary genres.The American Modernist Period also produced many other writers that are considered to be writers of Modernist Period Subclasses. For example, F. Scott Fitzgerald is considered a writer of The Jazz Age, Langston Hughes and W.E.B. DuBois writers of The Harlem Renaissance, and Gertrude Stein, T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, and Ernest Hemingway writers of the Lost Generation.The Great Depression marked the end of the American Modernist Period, and writers such as William Faulkner, John Steinbeck, and Eugene O'Neill dealt with the social and political issues of the time in their literary works.ConclusionRomantic period stretches from the end of the 18th century through the outbreak of the Civil War. Later American literature came to Transcendentalism Period which emphasized individualism, self-reliance, and rejection of tradition authority. The Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence, which was against “the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism”. Th e period between 1910 and 1930 is referred to as the era of Modernism. During that period, a large number of artists and literary movements are totally different from those of the 19th-century’s, in style, form and content.。
美国文学 霍桑《红字》赏析
The Scarlet LetterAuthor: Nathaniel HawthorneSymbolism：The Scarlet Letter, A symbol of shame, but instead it becomes a powerful symbol of identity to Hester. The letter’s meaning shifts as time passes. Originally intended to mark Hester as an adulteress, the “A” eventually comes to stand for “Able.”The Meteor , to Dimmesdale, the meteor implies that he should wear a mark of shame just as Hester does. The meteor is interpreted differently by the rest of the community, which thinks that it stands for “Angel” and marks Governor Winthrop’s entry into heavenThe Rosebush, Next to the Prison Door .The narrator chooses to begin his story with the image of the rosebush beside the prison door. The rosebush symbolizes the ability of nature to endure and outlast man’s activities.Pearl is a sort of living version of her mother’s scarlet letter. She is the physical consequence of sexual sin and the indicator of a transgression (evildoing). Upward American spiritCharacter analysis:Hester: disloyalty, betrayal, deception, sexual desire, adultery. Face, correct, redeem, purify. Praise, content, conformability.Dimmesdale: adultery, cowardice, hypocrisy, dishonesty, selfishness, too coward to confess, tortured by his conscience. Sympathetic, disfavor his hesitation, indecisiveness and cowardice. Chillingworth: revenge. Tortured by the desire of revenge, twisted and reduced to nothing. disgusted, think he committed greater crime.Puritanism in The Scarlet LetterPuritan background: setting, events, characters, thoughts, behaviors.Puritan doctrines: original sin, total depravity, predestination, limited atonement.Ralph Waldo Emerson1.NatureThe declaration of TranscendentalismAnalysis of “Nature”A long essay which has eight parts: the opening, commodity, beauty, language, discipline, Idealism, spirit and prospects. Our selection is taken from the opening. Taken as a whole, “Nature” expresses Emerson’s philosophy in a more systematic fashion than any other work of his.Meanings of natureI BeautyNature is beautiful. : the complete, mysterious, useful and moral beauty of nature. First, nature’s beauty lies in its completeness. Second, nature’s beauty lies in its mystery. cannot be manipulated. Only when he holds a sincere respect for nature, can man feel the mysterious beauty of nature. Third, nature’s beauty lies in its usefulness. Nature provides man without any benefitII Nature Is Divine●Nature is divine and has the eternal order which should not be violated. Influenced in a way byChinese ancient philosophy, Emerson believes that all the things in the world come from the same root---the Oversoul.●Emerson believes that man can find God in his own heart by direct contact with nature●Nature has permeated (penetrate) all aspects of human life. Spirit embodied in nature hasinfluence upon us. Nature inspires man and gives him\her power. Man should find the truth,goodness and beauty in his own soul and bring into play his potentiality as human being. Then, he will become himself “All that Adam had, all that Caesar could, you have and can do".For Emerson, the individual is potentially the most divine and any organization or existing idea can not limit the development of individual.III Nature Is ChangingEverything in nature is in a process---growing, withdrawing and falling into the ground. The flowing of nature comes from a force which impels it to develop. For instance, a river is always in constantly flowing. It originates from mountains, flows along great plains and ultimately converges into the sea. Transcendental philosophyNature symbolizes freedom, independence and change. These are Individualism elements which attend to significance of common life. Therefore Emerson's nature is the theoretical base of American Individualism---one of the characteristics of American culture. As the symbol of Spirit, nature helps to prove that man's soul is beautiful, divine and fluid. Man should pursue spiritual fulfillmentExcerpt from Nature: in Nature Emerson puts forward every phenomenon of the nature there was the spirit of the spirit of the nature.Here from this paragraph we could see that emerson found the beauty in the wildness nature rather than the village or something. “in the wildness, I find something more dear and connate than in streets or villages.” In the wildness of the nature, emerson can transcend physical body to the spirit of the God and he can become one part of the spirit.He emerges into the nature, and then he goes into the Oversoul. “I am part or particle of God.” “I am nothing; I see all”. This sentence clearly shows that emerson merges into the sporit. And in the nature we could get the eternal beauty.2.Self-Reliance①“The Confidence”. a man must show his opinion confidently and bravely in spite of different ideas.②“The Independence”. A man should keep himself firmly ; not be easily influenced by environment.③Keep personality, which is closely related to the confidence and the independence. a man must keep his personality and conform to his own principles.④“Showing no Sympathy to the Poor” shows that why the poor are poor is mainly due to their backward thinking. Showing help to this kind of people means doing harm to them.Comment: In Self-reliance, Emerson expressed the romantic idea of individualism, with an emphasis on being self-sufficient. He promoted relying on oneself rather than on established society. Emerson was known for his repeated use of phrase “trust thyself”. “Self-reliance” is his explanation---both systematic and passionate of what he meant by this, and why he was moved to make it his catchphrase. Every individual possesses a unique genius, Emerson argues, that can only be revealed when that individual has the courage to trust his or her own thoughts, attitudes, and inclinations against all public disapproval.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow1. A Psalm of Life①Love of nature, love for the past ②Trochaic tetrameter③constant theme for poets: The relationship of life and death. ④He expresses his pertinent interpretation to that by warning us that though life is hard and everybody must die, time flies and life is short, yet, human beings ought to be hold “to act,” to face the reality straightly so as to make otherwise meaningless life significant.2. My Lost YouthⅤ. Terms 10’New England PoetsThe new England poets were the representatives of imitation, authors like Irving, William Cullen Bryant, Henry wadsworth Longfellow etc. tried to imitate the forms and themes of their English brothers, such as Alexander Pope, Robert Burns, Thomas Gray, wordsworth and so on.Rip van winkleThis is one story in Washington Irving’s Sketch Book. It tells a story of a kind but hen-pecked man rip van winkle. The protagonist does not take care of his own family very well and just wants to live idly. But his wife does not want him to live the life like that and keeps talking to him. Unhappy at home, he enters in the mountain with his gun and dog. One afternoon, he meets some strangers looking people playing at nine pins. Out of curiosity, he drinks the wine and falls into sleep. When he wakes up, he finds his dog missing and his gun rusted. He has to go back to the village again. But can not recognize the village and the folks. Later his surprise, he has been slept for 20 years. And his wife has been dead and his children grow up. At the end of story, his daughter takes him home and he still lives the life as he was used to.Ⅵ.Comment 20’1. Comment on Moby Dick:a. Although the narrator sees insanity in Ahab, Melville’s emotional sympathy is with the deficient Ahab. He begins with a noble intention to crush evil, but in taking this to the extreme, he becomes evil himself. He is destroyed by his consuming desire to root out evil.b. Moby Dick is a symbol to represent cruel, brutal, malicious powers of nature. Nature is capable of destroying the human world. Nature threatens humanity & thus calls out the heroic powers of the human beings. So the power of the universe is both of blessing and curse. In this way, the author constructs a complicated statement about American view of nature.2. Compare: Emily Dickinson with Walt Whitman in their writing style.Similarities①Along with Emily Dickinson, Walt Whitman stands as one of the two giants of American poetry in the nineteenth century.②Pioneers of imagism③Part of American Renaissance④Influenced by transcendentalism⑤Thematically, they both extolled in their different ways and emergent America, its expansion, its individualism and its Americanness, their poetry being part of “American Renaissance”⑥Technically, they both added to the literary independence of the new nation by breaking free of the convention of the iambic pentameter and exhibiting a freedom in form unknown before: they are pioneers in American poetry.Differences①Whitman seems to keep his eyes on society at large; Dickinson explores the inner life of the individual.②Whereas Whitman is “national” in his outlook. Dickinson is “regional”③Whitman has the “catalogue techniques”, all-inclusive catalogue. Whereas Dickinson’s concise, direct, simple diction and syntax。
美国文化因素对韩国文化的影响
哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文美国文化因素对韩国文化的影响学生姓名指导教师贺春英专业英语学院外语学院2010年6 月1 日Harbin University of CommerceGraduation ThesisInfluence of American Cultural Factors on South Korean CultureStudent Liu ChangSupervisor He ChunyingSpecialty English LanguageSchool School of Foreign LanguagesJune 1, 2010毕业论文任务书毕业论文审阅评语毕业论文审阅评语毕业论文答辩评语及成绩摘要“韩流”文化兴起于上世纪90年代末期。
它以韩剧、韩国流行音乐等为主打，席卷整个亚洲。
它的传播范围之广，影响程度之深震惊了世界。
于是人们开始分析是什么促成了“韩流”的成功。
“韩流”文化是一种混合文化，它混合了中国的儒家文化，日本的殖民文化和美国的现代化文化。
这三种文化对韩国文化的影响程度是不同的。
如果说韩国本土文化是基础，那么其它三种就是必要条件，而美国的影响又是其中最大的。
本文将具体分析“韩流”文化中所体现出的美国元素，来表现美国对韩国当代文化影响之深、之广，并分析韩国大量借鉴美国元素的原因和结果。
可以总结得出，是美国元素成就了韩国文化的成功传播。
打着美国烙印的韩国文化的成功也告诉我们借鉴和变通在文化交流和文化传播中的重要性。
中国在文化传播过程中有很多不完善的地方。
中国可以在韩国的成功上借鉴很多经验。
关键词：美国文化; 韩国文化; 文化影响; 文化传播; 文化借鉴AbstractThe popularity of South Korean culture sprang up in the late 1990s . It is dominated by South Korean television series, pop songs and so on, and has spread all over Asia. The wide range of its transmission and the deep degree of its influence has surprised the world. And people have begun to analyze the factors that contributed to the success of South Korea’s widespread culture. It is a kind of mixed culture which is a combination of Chinese Confucian culture, Japanese colonial culture and American modern culture. The extent of these three cultural influences on South Korean culture are hugely different. If we regard South Korean local culture as the foundation, then the other three are essential ingredients but the American influence is the biggest. This paper analyzes the American cultural elements in the popularity of South Korean culture, in order to reflect the deep and wide influences of America on contemporary South Korean culture. And then it will analyze the reasons for and results of South Korea taking ideas from the culture of America. It can be concluded that it is the American cultural factors that have helped spread South Korean culture successfully. The success of South Korean culture, with American characteristics, also tells us about the importance of borrowing ideas and being flexible in cultural exchange and cultural transmission. China has a lot of imperfect aspects in the process of cultural engagement and transmission, and it should be able to borrow a lot of ideas from South Korea and learn from its success in this field.Keywords: American culture; South Korean culture; cultural influence; cultural transmission; cultural referencContents摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)1 Introduction (1)2 American Culture and South Korean Culture (4)2.1 The Characteristics of American Culture (5)2.2 The Characteristics of South Korean Culture (11)3 Influences of American Cultural Factors on South Korean Culture (15)3.1 Influences of American Cultural Factors on Korean TV Series and Movies (16)3.2 Influences of American Cultural Factors on Korean Pop Songs (19)3.3 Influences of American Cultural Factors on Contemporary Korean Food andClothes (23)4 Analysis of the Influences of American Cultural Factors on South KoreanCulture (26)4.1 Reasons for American Cultural Factors in South Korean Culture (26)4.2 Results for the Influence of American Culture on South Korean Culture (29)Conclusion (31)Bibliography (34)Acknowledgements (36)1 IntroductionThe popularity of South Korean culture in Asia began in the late 1990s. It has been so welcomed that more than ten years have passed and yet it continues to attract millions of people from all over Asia. It’s a cultural phenomenon dominated by South Korean TV series, movies, pop songs, and so on. Its not only in Japan and China but also in Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines and Malaysia, that we can see people watching Korean TV series, listening to Korean music, going to Korean restaurants and wearing Korean style clothes. When mentioning South Korean culture, we can naturally relate it to fashion, popular and modern ideas. “In 2004, the total output value of culture in South Korea reached 39 trillion Korean Won, accounting for 6.5% of GDP which made South Korea the world’s fifth largest country in terms of its culture industry and Asia’s top culture export country.” (Yan Dongyan 2009, P.59). The widespread success of South Korean culture has surprised and in some instances shocked the world. Many people ask why this phenomenon can be so ‘hot’ an issue, why South Korea can achieve such a great success and how the so called “Han-gang(South Korean )miracle” has been realised. In the 1950s, South Korea was a poor country, no better than China, but half a century later, it uses culture to make itself strong. What factors have enabled its culture to succeed across such a side spectrum?A general point of view is that South Korean culture is a mixed culture. It combines and balances Chinese, Japanese and American cultures with South Korean local culture. Most of the experts who study South Korean culture in our country pay more attention to the Chinese and Japanese influence and hold the opinion that Chinese traditional culture is the most influential on today’s South Korean cultur e.The experts who study the formation of contemporary South Korean culture mainly focus on two directions. In the first, they hold the opinion that the formation of modern South Korean culture has been affected by several elements. They are ancient Chinese culture, Japanese colonial culture and modern American culture. The experts believe that the three elements have had the same level of impact and importance in forming South Korean culture. For example, SunXueyan, ethnology professor of The Central University for Nationalities, has studied the sources of modern South Korea’s mixed culture. In his research paper Finding the Sources of Modern South Korean Culture, he states that Chinese, Japanese and American culture are the main sources of South Korean culture. Although the periods of time and fields of the influences are different from each other, the effects are the same: making today’s South Korean culture popular on many levels. The second direction is in time. The expert s’ideas follow that modern South Korean culture is a mixture of tradition and modern. The representatives of traditional cultures are Chinese and Japanese and the representative of modern is the U.S. Some experts think traditional culture is more important, some have opposite views. Most of the Chinese experts pay attention to traditional influences because it is closely related to our Chinese culture. For example, Li Mingwei, a professor at the Central Party School, has the opinion that South Korean culture is a perfect mixture of traditional and modern. Although he mentioned American influences in his research papers, it is much less than Chinese influence.I began to learn to speak Korean at the age of three and English is my major, so I know how deep and widely impacting is the American influence on South Korea, especially in culture. But I want to change an entry point by focusing my attention on one country’s cultural influence. This country is America. And I would like to show how South Korea absorbs the benefits of these influences in order to have a clearunderstanding of American varied culture on modern South Korean culture. Based on this, my paper is going to explore the influence of American cultural factors on contemporary South Korean culture in the aspect of movies, TV series, pop songs, food, etc. Then it will analyze the reasons and results of the influence and draw conclusions.South Korea has demonstrated maturity in absorbing the merits of other countries to develop its own culture. Compared with South Korea, China is not particularly good at learning from other countries. It’s not because Chinese people don’t like learning from others. It is because eastern and western cultures are totally different. It is very hard to find the breach to transfer western culture to our own use. Although we have 5000 years of history and civilization, at present we have not made our culture widely known or accepted by the rest of the world. For example, our ancient stories are hard for westerners to understand. Now due to outside infuences our music and clothes are losing our own characteristics. Our food is expensive and hard to cook and so on. Culture is a country’s ‘soft power’ and in fact should be strong in accordance with the country’s development. Today’s China is in a fast development period. In order to make the world’s people change their ideas about China, which many regard still as poor, we must develop our cultural influence to the world. So there are two steps we need to take. The first is learning from the cultures of western countries. Although China is developing fast, we are not rich and still far behind in a lot of areas especially in modern culture. Learning from developed countries in the fields of advanced technology and ideas are the things we need to do. The second step is that we need to learn from South Korea about how to combine western culture and eastern culture, how to adapt western advanced culture for our own use and how to innovate to protect our traditional culture. We can see how South Korea has already set a good example for China in my paper.2 American Culture and South Korean CultureWhen the world entered the 20th century, globalization became the interntional theme. When a country’s domestic market has developed fast enough and has realized modernization, developing an overseas market should be regarded as its priority. With this background, the world’s developed capitalist countries began to compete with each other not only in political and economic areas but also in cultural areas. A country’s cul tural strength is so called “soft power”. It is a concept described by Harvard professor Joseph Nye at the beginning of 1990s. This power is distinguished from traditional power bases, such as political or military strength. It makes profit through “attraction”. In o ther words, a country uses its special cultural elements to attract people from other countries to make money. Successful cultural transmission can promote a country’s economic development and its political status, in the same way, a strong and powerful country can also give its cultural sector support while it spreads across nationalities. America of course is regarded as the most successful country in spreading its culture across the world. In Asia, South Korea has also made a great success of cultural expansion to the whole of Asia, ranking fifth in the world list. It is not hard for a person who likes both American culture and South Korean culture to find that the steps these two countries have taken to advance their cultural exports are quite similar. Apparently, South Korea absorbed a lot of experience from America. But before finding out about these similarities, we need first to understand the separate characteristics of modern American culture and South Korean culture. I will pay attention to the features of cultural expansion that takes in movies, pop music, food and clothes from American and South Korean cultures.2.1 The Characteristics of American CultureToday’s America is a world leader in exporting its culture. Although this country is less than 250 years old, which can not be compared to China’s long history or even some older European countries, it uses its status in economic terms to lead the world’s contemporary popular culture. Modern American culture is a kind of expanding culture which has been successfully transmitted to the whole world under globalization. It has strong powers of attraction accompanied by profitability, entertainment and popularity. It belongs to a bourgeois culture which has the essence of pursuing individualism and maximum profit. In terms of discussing contemporary American culture, how the world eagerly welcomed Hollywood movies, popular songs, fast-food and so on comes to our minds naturally. They are the symbols of America and also the most successful areas of its global cultural expandsion. We can understand and appreciate the characteristics of American culture through the success in these areas.2.1.1 Features of Hollywood MoviesThe movie industry is one of the most effective means to spread cultural values and life style. As an effective way of transmitting American modern culture, the Hollywood movie now is regarded as one of the brightest symbols. Through 100 years of development, America’s movie technology has become the world biggest, the most mature and the most profitable. Hollywood movies today are shown in more than 150 countries and take up more than 90% of the world movie market. Hollywood movies absolutely dominate the world movie industry. Why are Hollywood movies so welcomed? They have several special features which make them succeed.First, most have the feature of unifying dreams and reality. The reason why people love Hollywood movies is not because they truly represent the real American society. It is because they represent the American dream which has the characteristics of longing forsuccess and encourages the cult of celebrity and personalities. Not only Americans but also the people worldwide have dreams. Every one can find his dream to be valued in Hollywood movies. “Surprise, suspense and satisfaction are the ‘3S’ principle s of Hollywood movies”(Li Yizhong 2008, P.72). We can find our dream s satisfied and balanced in Hollywood movies and finally they lift our spirits. That’s the magic of Hollywood movies.Second, Hollywood movies are produced with high technology, high investment and high profit blockbusters. America is the world richest country. It has the most advanced technology in the world. As a means of transmitting culture, American directors use movies to demonstrate their technological superiority to other countries. We are crazy about the beautiful, lifelike, exaggerated, breathtaking and thrilling scenes in Hollywood movies. They are all thanks to use of the finest technology. There are few other countries in the world where such skillful high technology is introduced into movie making like it is in America. From the well known Titanic, The Lord of the Rings to the latest Avatar, all of them take us into a world of fantasy. Hollywood movies provide high quality sound and vision as well as raising our spirits. Only America with its riches can incorporate costly high technology into movies and give us the best work, so Hollywood movies are popular and welcomed. Introducing high technology into movies means high investment. The American private sector film industry has the ability and economic strength to invest a large amount of money into movies. Thus, it becomes apparent that when money and high technology are not problems, high quality movies can be created. And when they are sold on the world market, they bring American movie making companies huge profits. Hollywood movies are showing in more than 150 countries and take up more than 90% of the world movie market share. “3H” style Hollywood movies are part of an industrial and commercials chain which has been adopted by a lot of countries.Third, it has the feature of containment. It seems that Hollywood belongs to the whole world because it is so influential, and that no matter what country you live in or what language you speak, you may be attracted by fancy Hollywood movies. Cultural conflict seems very weak in Hollywood movies. Why can this happen? It is largely because Hollywood movies take the world’s culture for its own use. For example, the world famous Schindler's List has its historical background in Germany. The Disney cartoon Mulan is based on the Chinese ancient character Hua Mulan.Actually, in some ways a typical Hollywood movie is a microcosm of American society. The endless pursuit of wealth, the admiration of heroism and the respect for technical ability and skills in every field are all represented in Hollywood movies. In a kind of loose association with the American government’s cultural diplomacy agenda, Hollywood movies promote American political life, advanced technology, its mature economic system, modern culture and high quality life styles of the American bourgeoisie to the rest part of the world (T, Schatz 1988). We can say that Hollywood movies are a typical symbol of American culture and its successful global domination. While promoting the American dreams to the whole world, Hollywood itself has made itself a part of the dream and the legend.2.1.2 Features of American Pop MusicThe world’s most influential modern pop music originated in western countries. And American pop music is the main part of it. From the world famous Michael Jackson, Madonna and Britney Spears to today’s Chris Brown, Rihanna and Lady Gaga, American pop music gives the world so many shining stars, making people surprised and crazy with happiness for many decades. The world famous American pop music boasts such features as follows:First, American pop music expresses sincere feelings. It is used for expressingnormal people’s feelings and everyday life. So it is the closest way of reaching common people. In order words, American pop music belongs to common people, so it can spread fast and wide easily. For example, ‘Black’music is the best representative of African Americans’ lifestyle. At first, black music was only performed by African slaves in American. Because they were not allowed to speak, they used music to communicate and express their feelings. So the music was always sincere and real. Now black music is used by African Americans to show this special group’s normal life. Actually, different kinds of American pop music are used by different groups of people to represent their own special culture and life. Such genres as country music are loved by white people, Hip-hop is welcomed by teenagers, etc. No matter how old you are, or what class you belong to, you can find a type of American pop music that most fits your lifestyle and feelings. That is why American pop music is loved by people around world. As a part of American modern culture, American pop music uses its glamour to attract millions of people from home and abroad, conveying the American lifestyle to other countries.The second feature is that American pop music is quite good at absorbing the merits of immigrant music. For example black music. World famous Blues, Jazz, Hip-Hop and Rap are all forged from the origins of Black Music. Of course, Black Music is the main stream of American music (Floyd 1995). Blues and Jazz were first created by the black slaves to express their depressed and desperate mood. Later Rap and Hip-Hop were created from R&B to represent the rebellion by black teenagers. These kinds of music, which have smooth melodies and brief lyrics, are easy to transmit and be loved by others. Nowadays, Black Music is part of the mainstream of American pop music, is easily transmitted, and its lively rhythms, and easy to remember and recite qualities brings the American dream to the world.“American pop music has both entertaining and commercial characteristics”（WeiWei 2009, P.44）. Music as a way of resting and playing is the most effective means of entertaining. As an entertainment American pop music can be seen everywhere in people’s everyday life. As part of a capitalist society, Americans also never forget that they can use music to make money. The wide spread of American pop music across the world gives the U.S massive benefit from its cultural exports and make its cultural transmission a great financial success.2.1.3 Features of American style fastfood.It seems that the world’s big countries all have thei r representative restaurants in other countries, such as Chinese with the cuisine enjoyed worldwide, Japanese also have their special food and the French take pride in the “ big dinner”. But it is hard to say what is the representative cuisine of America, or to find a restaurant which serves the guests American cuisine. Yet, although America doesn’t have a particular national cuisine recognised worldwide, it has the most popular food in the world. This is the hugely popular fast food. And it also has the most popular form of restaurant - the fast food restaurant. What features have enabled fast food to spread all over the world?Fast-food as a cultural phenomenon usually means high efficiency, fast ordering, no constraint, etc.”(YongZeng 2004, P.36) and is regarded as one of the symbols of the American modern lifestyle. These characteristics make American style fast-food accepted by the world. Because it is fast, it helps people save a lot of time. High speed doesn’t mean low quality. A beautiful and clean eating environment, world unifying recipe and reasonable prices have persuaded people all over the world to turn the McDonald’s and KFC’s brand s into huge successes. Take McDonald’s as an example. From the first McDonald’s opened in California in 1948 to th e beginning of its internationalization in 1967, it is still today one of the world biggest multinational firms; and McDonald’s has more than 3000 of its corporate (but franchised) chains in 121countries.Each McDonald’s has the same food, the same price, the same decor, the same service –all of which has been called the fast food culture which is now accepted by people all over the world. And it is used not only in restaurant management but also in other departments of business (Ritzer 1996).There is a saying that when McDonald’s and KFC came into being, world tastes changed forever. McDonald’s and KFC’s scientific recipes are devised to attract people’s taste. It is an amazing thing that the simple hamburgers, chips and coke can satisfy all world people’s different and often ‘picky’ tastes. At the same time we must admit that these simple foods have brought together people’s tastes all over the world for scores of years. The word fast-food itself is a real miracle. No matter where you come from, how old are you, or your social status, fast food restaurants provide every diner an equal eating environment. At the same time, the food served can be quite delicious, so it can persuade people to eat fast food again and again, especially children and white-collar workers. In recent years, McDonald’s and KFC have paid more attention to personal tastes. In other words, in order to suit people from different cultural backgrounds, they have tried to combine traditional style fast food with different eating habits. For example, in order to enter into China’s large market, KFC now makes a lot of Chinese style fast food. It puts more vegetables into hamburgers, makes soups, porridge, etc. These Chinese style fast food outlets attract millions of Chinese people and are a great commercial success.As one of the symbols of American modern life, McDonalds and KFC bring the American spirit of enterprise to the world through their everyday fast-food chains and make a great contribution to the global expansion of America’s culture..2.1.4 Features of American clothesI would like to use several words to describe modern American clothes. They arefashionable, modern, free-style, some with particular personalities, formal and so on. American style clothes influence the whole world today. Taking China as an example, on formal occasions, we wear western style formal suits. In leisure times, we love American style leisure and athletic clothes.The first feature to notice about American clothes is that they are fashionable and modern. Because America is the richest country in the world, American people always lead the fashion world. Thus, following American trends means you will not be far behind the modern times. The second feature is freedom. America is a country where people can apparently enjoy the best freedom. It is also represented in their dressing habits. American people’s clothes love showing off individual characteristics. You can find the clothes most appropriate for you.Now the world famous suits, leisure and athletic clothes all follow American style. These clothes are loved and approved by the world’s people. It is not hard to imagine that American style clothes make a great contribution to the unifying of the worldwide modern fashion habits and ways of dressing.From the above we can conclude that modern American culture has its own special characteristics. And these characteristics make American culture welcomed and successfully transfered to the whole world. “America serves the world as a model under globalization” (Bostdroff 1994, P.177 ).2.2 The Characteristics of South Korean CultureSouth Korean culture is a kind of mixed culture. It is a special culture which combines foreign culture and local culture. When introducing South Korean culture, we need to divide it into two stages. The dividing line of these two stages is the splitting of the Korean Pieninsula in 1945. In South Korea, people usually call the time after 1945 modern times. The culture before 1945 is regarded as traditional culture and thenchanges into modern culture after 1945. And also after 1945, the American cultural influence begins to appear in modern South Korean culture, which has changed South Korea a lot.2.2.1 Features of Traditional South Korean CultureTraditional South Korean culture is also a mixed culture. It absorbed the merits of ancient Chinese culture, Japanese colonial culture and its own culture. Let’s see what are the features of South Korean movies, pop songs and eating habits.First let’s look at South Korean movies. Traditional South Korean movies mainly representg local people’s normal life. Themes and plots are relatively singular. Because Korea was a poor country before 1945, so the movies before South Korea entered modern society were tools to guide people’s spirit. Korean p eople must be brave and hard-working, if not, they would be pushed around by China and Japan. We can see a quite hard society in South Korean early movies.Because Korea was poor at that time, people don’t know how to use modern and high level techniques in movie making. So in comparison with today’s blockbusters, early movies were less attractive. Of course, the South Korean people never thought they could open their international movie market. But one thing has never changed - Korean people are all patriots. They never forget the wish to make their local movies famous throughout the world.Second is South Korean pop songs. Korean people are all good singers and dancers. They love singing and dancing all day long, especially after drinking wine. Their music before absorbing American elements is almost usually influenced by ancient Chinese and Japanese music. The most obvious difference is that Korean people love singing while dancing. They have their own pop song style. It is so called “trot”. The melody of trot songs are almost similar to China’s Taiwanese songs. These type of songs are so popularthat all Korean people love them. They have Korean style melody, Korean style lyrics and Korean style ways of expression. If we are careful enough, we can hear these kinds of songs in Chinese Korean circles. Even today, although the mainstream pop songs of South Korean are American style pop songs, trot still has thousands of fans all round Korea. It is the same as China. We have our pop songs today, but folk songs are still popular among people.The third features of South Korean culture is eating and clothing habits. As we all know, ancient Korea was in the ‘Chinese Circle’. So Korean people’s eating habits are almost the same as Chinese. They use chopsticks and scoop while eating. And they mix, steam and stir-fried food. Their tastes are almost the same as the Chinese except they love eating spicy food. Because Korea has the experience of being ruled by Japan, its food also has Japanese characteristics. For example, the world famous Japanese food sushi has been adapted to its own Korean style KimBub(Korean words). Because it was influenced by China, Korean people pay attention to eating for health reasons too. Using food to build a good health has never changed in South Korea, even today. Before being influenced by American eating habits, South Korean people’s eating habits were quite simple and easy. Although they have a lot of delicious food, such as cold noodles, beautiful pastry and Korean Cabbage in chilli sauce, because their country was weak at that time, they didn’t know how to make their traditional food famous. But still one thing has never changed: Korean people have never forgotten the ambition to introduce their traditional food to the people of the world.Dressing habits in ancient South Korea are also very simple. They have their traditional national clothes, which are borrowed from ancient China. We are quite familiar with their traditional national clothes, such as the robe with a cord/belt for tying; and there is a special method for this in Korea. Because Korean people are hard working。
美国文学特点
美国文学史的发展随着美国历史的发展，而在各个时期产生了不同的文学作品。
在殖民地时期，他们的作品一方面描述了发现新大陆和探索文学作品。
另一发面是清教作品。
清教作品是主要反映他们的自我的精神。
而随后代浪漫主义时期文学，他们以美国人为中心，描绘本土风情，反映美国的自身问题。
主要反映自由，拓展和个人主义精神。
随后到来的超验主义以爱默生为代表。
超验主义提倡崇高，谨慎，社会改革和教育，个人主义胜于传统和社会的原则。
但由于战争的影响，这个时期的作品主要是揭露社会的阴暗面。
这些文学作品带有浓厚的本土色彩和批判现实主义。
随着战争的爆发，美国文学也进入了现代主义时期。
现代主义文学作品在形式和内容上都有了很大的改革。
The development of American literature as American history of development, and in various periods produces different literary works. In colonial times, their works on the one hand describes from discovering the new continent and explore literature. Another charges Puritan work is. The Puritan work is mainly reflect their own spirit. And then the generation of romanticism in American literature, their artificial center, depicting local amorous feelings, reflect America's own problem. Mainly reflects the freedom, expanding and individualism spirit. Then coming transcendence represented by Emerson. Transcendence sublime, cautious, advocated social reform and education, individualism is better than the traditional and social principles. But because the war is this period, the influence of the main works are exposing the social anybody. These literary works with strong local color and critical realism. With the outbreak of the war, American literature has entered the modern socialist period. The modernist literature works in form and content had the very big reform.摘要：20世纪为美国文学的空前繁荣和发展提供了充分的时间和空间，该文从背景，美国文学创作主题，社会文化和思想等反面展示了20世纪美国文学发展的主体特征——多元化。
Tapestry culture 美国织锦文化
Municipal Cultural Tapestry of AmericaIt indicates that a person can only maintain their own characteristics, but also become a part of society as a whole. In a mosaic [məu'zeiik]or a tapestry, each color is unique, and is a whole part of the overall beauty of the object+一个人可以既保持自己的特点，同时也成为整体社会的一部份。
在一幅拼画或一块织锦中，每个颜色都是独特的，并且是物件整体美的组成部份++American cultural development of the three main stages+1950s Melting Pot+1970s Salad Bowl+1990s Tapestry+In fact, the American culture is the recognition of multicultural reality, which based on the integration of different paths to explore construction of an unified culture of the United States+事实上，美国文化是在承认多元文化现实基础上，探索不同的路径整合建构某种统一的美利坚文化+In 1998, Deegan M. J for the first time in her book come up with "tapestry" to describe the characteristics of American culture+The American Ritual Tapestry:+Social Rules and Cultural Meanings+Ceremony created a cultural experience, culture symbol and cultural values o fcommunities symbolic stage show. These rituals can be derived, alteration, destruction andmeaningful protection in the United States,and can synchronize different rituals involved in these processes quickly and easily. Fromthese complex, dynamic [daɪ'næmɪk]fabric oflife, forging a kind of tapestry -with arecognizable and meaningful and symbolic image of the rich tapestry. "+仪式创造了一个文化体验、文化象征和文化价值的社区展示舞台。
《大学英语(三)》三个阶段测试卷参考答案1
江南大学现代远程教育2012年上半年第一阶段测试卷考试科目:《大学英语（三）》第1课至第3课（总分100分）时间：90分钟__________学习中心（教学点）批次：层次：专业：学号：身份证号：姓名：得分：一、交际英语1、-How soon will your father fly to New York?-________C_____________A：At 7.00 am.B：Last week.C：In three days.D：Twice a year.2、-- Must I take a taxi?-- No, you ____D____ . You can take my car.A：had better toB：don'tC：must notD：don't have to3、-- Congratulations! You won the first prize in today's speech contest.-- ___C_____A：Yes, I beat the others.B：No, no, I didn't do it well.C：Thank you.D：It's a pleasure.4、- This box is too heavy for me to carry it upstairs.- ___B____A：You may ask for help.B：I'll give you a hand.C：Please do me a favor.D：I'd come to help.5、-- We are going to have a singing party tonight. Would you like to join us?-- ____A____A：I'm afraid not, because I have to go to an important meeting.B：Of course not. I have no idea.C：No, I can't.D：That's all set.二、阅读理解1、Snowflakes look like white stars falling from the sky. But there have been times when snow has looked red, green, yellow, or black. There have been snowflakes of almost every color. Think how it would seem to have colored snowflakes coming down all around you.Black snow fell in France one year. Another year grey snow fell in Japan. It was found that the snow was mixed with ashes. This made it look dark. Red snow had come down in other countries. When this happened, the snow was mixed with red dust.Most snow looks white, but it is really the color of ice. Snow is ice that comes from snow cloud. Each snowflake begins with a small drop of frozen water. More water forms around this drop. The way the water freezes gives the snowflakes its shape.No two snowflakes are ever just the same size or shape. Sometimes the snowflakes are broken when they come down. Other snowflakes melt as they fall. All snowflakes are flat and have six sides, if they are not broken or melted. When the air is cold and dry, the falling snowflakes are small and hard. If the air wet and warm, the snowflakes are big and soft.Would you be surprised to see snowflakes as big as your head falling from the sky? It happened once in the United States. It could happen again.(1)、The first two paragraphs mainly tell us that sometimes snow has different colors. A A：TB：F(2)、No two snowflakes are just the same size, but all snowflakes are hard. BA：TB：F(3)、Snowflakes begin with cloud. BA：TB：F(4)、The bigger the snowflakes are, the softer they are. AA：TB：F(5)、Black snow fell only in European Countries. BA：TB：F2、Martin Luther King was a black minister, who became a great leader of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s.King was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. When he was young, he was strongly influenced by Thoreau and Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi's idea of non-violent resistance. Having received a Ph. D (Doctor of Philosophy) from Boston University, he became a political and religious leader of the non - violent civil relights movement in 1955. On August 28, 1963, he led over 250,000 Americans on a march in Washington D.C. to fight for the Civil Rights Law to guarantee equality for all people, and delivered his best known speech "I Have a Dream" before the Lincoln Memorial. The "dream" is a dream of brotherly love and equality for the Black and White. Thus, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 1964, but he was murdered fouryears later.Though he died, he was greatly respected and loved by the Americans, both the white and the black. By vote of Congress in 1968, the third Monday of every January is now a federal holiday in Luther King's honor. He lives in people's hearts forever.(1)、Martin Luther King was murdered when he was __C__years old.A：64B：50C：39D：28(2)、Martin Luther King was a ___D___.A：political leaderB：black ministerC：religious leaderD：all of the above(3)、According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? BA：Martin Luther King was killed in 1964.B：Martin Luther King's Day has been a federal holiday for more than 40 years.C：Martin Luther King urged his people to get equality and freedom through violence.D：Only black Americans loved Martin Luther King.(4)、The underlined word "delivered" in the second paragraph could be replaced by ___A___. A：gaveB：threwC：announcedD：published(5)、What's the best title for this passage? AA：Martin Luther King.B：How to Award the Nobel Prize.C：Civil Rights Movement.D：Civil Rights Law.3、A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man - the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.This attitude toward manual (体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to affordforeign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward; furthermore, the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.(1)、From Para. 1, we know that in America ____A_____.A：people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made manB：people can always rise to the top through their won effortsC：college professors win great respect from common workersD：people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors(2)、According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because ____B_____. A：servants in America are hard to getB：she takes pride in what she can do herselfC：she can hardly afford servantsD：It is easy to prepare a meal with canned food(3)、The underlined expression "wait on table" in Para. 2 means "_____D____".A：work in a furniture shopB：keep accounts for a barC：wait to lay the tableD：serve customers in a restaurant(4)、The author's attitude towards manual labor is ____A___.A：positiveB：negativeC：humorousD：critical(5)、Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? ____B____A：A Respectable Self-made FamilyB：American Attitude toward Manual LaborC：Characteristics of American CultureD：The Development of Manual Labor三、词汇与语法1、If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask the person to leave a ____A___.A：messageB：letterC：sentenceD：notice2、We'll hold a sports meeting if it __C___rain tomorrow.A：won'tB：isn'tC：doesn'tD：has3、Jane's dress is similar in design __C_ her sister's.A：likeB：withC：toD：as4、A police officer claimed he had attempted to __A__ paying his fare.A：avoidB：rejectC：refuseD：neglect5、The manager will not _____D____ us to use his car.A：haveB：letC：agreeD：allow四、完型填空1、Everyone has hobbies. A hobby can be almost anything a person likes to do in his spare time. People who take up hobbies are hobbyists. They paint pictures, sing pop songs, ___1___ music instruments and collect stamps or other things. They grow flowers, ___2___ fishing and hunting. They climb mountains, swim, skate and play games.People today have ___3___ time than ever for hobbies. In early times, people were ___4___ busy making a living to have hobbies. Nowadays machines have taken the place of many workers. More people retire at an earlier age. They have hobbies ___5___ these activities offer them enjoyment, friendship, knowledge, and relaxation.(1)、CA：becauseB：moreC：playD：goE：too(2)、A：becauseB：moreC：playD：goE：too(3)、BA：becauseB：moreC：playD：goE：too(4)、EA：becauseB：moreC：playD：goE：too(5)、AA：becauseB：moreC：playD：goE：too五、英译汉(1)、There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction(摩擦).由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量。
阿甘正传
Thank you
By Emma. Alice. Jingle
• The Purple Heart is a United States military
decoration awarded in the name of the President to those who have been wounded or killed while serving on or after April 5, 1917 with the U.S. military. With its forerunner, the Badge of Military Merit, which took the form of a heart made of purple cloth, the Purple Heart is the oldest military award that is still given to members of the U.S. military, the only earlier award being the obsolete Fidelity Medallion. The National Purple Heart Hall of Honor is located inNew Windsor, New York.
New York.
Purple heart
Sesame street
sports
• In late September 1621, the Pilgrims were •
•
pleased with their great harvest. To celebrate their first harvest, the Pilgrims wanted to thank God and the Native Indian. They invited Squanto and the entire Wampanoag tribe that celebrate together in a shared feast.
大学英语文化测试题及答案
大学英语文化测试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United States of America was founded in which year?A. 1776B. 1783C. 1789D. 1791答案：A2. Which of the following is NOT a traditional festival in the United Kingdom?A. ChristmasB. EasterC. ThanksgivingD. Halloween答案：C3. The Great Wall of China is a symbol of which dynasty?A. HanB. TangC. MingD. Qing答案：C4. Who is considered the father of the United StatesConstitution?A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. James MadisonD. Benjamin Franklin答案：C5. What is the national flower of Japan?A. RoseB. Cherry blossomC. TulipD. Sunflower答案：B6. The Renaissance began in which country?A. FranceB. ItalyC. SpainD. Germany答案：B7. The famous painting "Mona Lisa" was created by which artist?A. Leonardo da VinciB. MichelangeloC. RaphaelD. Rembrandt答案：A8. In which country is the Eiffel Tower located?A. FranceB. ItalyC. GermanyD. Spain答案：A9. Who wrote the novel "Pride and Prejudice"?A. Jane AustenB. Charlotte BronteC. Emily BronteD. Mary Shelley答案：A10. The Olympic Games originated in which ancient civilization?A. EgyptianB. RomanC. GreekD. Persian答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The official language of Australia is ______.答案：English2. The largest country in the world by land area is ______.答案：Russia3. The currency used in the European Union is the ______.答案：Euro4. The famous ancient Egyptian monument, the ______, is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.答案：Pyramids of Giza5. The ______ is a traditional Chinese festival that celebrates the harvest and thanks the gods for a bountiful harvest.答案：Mid-Autumn Festival6. The ______ is a famous landmark in the United States, known as the "Statue of Liberty."答案：Liberty Enlightening the World7. The ______ is a traditional Japanese festival that celebrates the arrival of spring.答案：Hanami8. The ______ is a famous ancient Greek philosopher who is known for his contributions to metaphysics and ethics.答案：Plato9. The ______ is a traditional Indian festival that celebrates the victory of good over evil.答案：Diwali10. The ______ is a famous landmark in the United Kingdom, known as "Big Ben."答案：Elizabeth Tower三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. What are the main characteristics of American culture?答案：American culture is characterized by its diversity, openness, and innovation. It is a melting pot of various cultures, with a strong emphasis on individualism, freedom of speech, and the pursuit of the American Dream.2. What are the cultural significances of the Chinese Spring Festival?答案：The Spring Festival, also known as Chinese New Year, is the most important traditional festival in China. It signifies family reunion, the passing of the old year and the welcoming of the new, and the hope for a prosperous and peaceful year ahead.3. What are some common customs and traditions associated with Christmas in Western countries?答案：Common customs and traditions of Christmas in Western countries include decorating Christmas trees, exchanging gifts, attending church services, singing carols, and having a festive meal with family and friends.四、论述题（每题30分，共30分）1. Discuss the influence of the Industrial Revolution on Western culture and society.答案：The Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on Western culture and society. It led to urbanization, thegrowth of the working class, and significant changes in the economic and social structure. It also promoted technological advancements, the spread of education, and the rise of consumer culture. The Industrial Revolution shaped modern Western society by fostering the development of democratic institutions, the labor movement, and the concept of individual rights and freedoms.。
2024年律政俏佳人英文观后感
2024年律政俏佳人英文观后感篇一：2024年律政俏佳人英文观后感（约2369字）A good movie reminds me of that English phrase: spread, the and love. Maybe this is the characteristics of American culture, respecting individuality, encouraging personality development, respecting personal progress and contributing to society. The difference between the development of the individual and the progress of the society, which we are accustomed to taking into consideration the whole society, can be a useful supplement to us.As a matter of fact, we are also learning to respect everyones personality, including himself. This is more beneficial and personal healthy development, at the same time, beneficial and social. Perhaps it is because of the cultural characteristics of full respect for individuality that its social competition is fierce and there is more cooperation in competition. Ancient language: there is a big size. When we can recognize and absorb others strengths, we are going to grow.Also, I appreciate the heroines personality, she boldly confess and bravely pursue his own happiness, the film is comic in the changing end of the plot. It shows that no matter where, there is no simple happiness, only the courage to express and continue to pursue happiness. In a gender equality society, whether you are male or female, if you dare not confession, you may not get anything. If you dont dare to pursue happiness, you will not get happiness.As a matter of fact, many American movies are showing the American spirit of success. Even in the very bad conditions, they still do not give up, or have a higher pursuit in the process of this pursuit. In short, they always like to flaunt that they are good at changing and difficult conditions, and still achieve success step by step. Maybe all the noble things in the world are similar. Many of our Chinese peoples understanding and pursuit of success is no worse than that of them. Although our technical condition almost, but many examples show that as long as we work hard, we can overcome them in the. The following passage probably describes Americans view of success.Happy life is what I think,If you want to succeed, you must dare to say it and dare to do it.A wide range of friends open their horizons.Only in this way can we get constant success in changing life.篇二：2024年律政俏佳人英文观后感（约1155字）I have seen too many movies, I have had too much feeling, but I have never recorded. Unfortunately, there may be no chance to play it again, so lets start now.A look at the beauty of law, the hero Elle woods is always so cheerful and active, even the resume is pink and fragrant. Thats my favorite life attitude, passion. Life has been beautiful for her. As a chairman of the girls Association of thinking and so on, she went to the Department oflaw of Harvard University, at first to recover her lover, and later to prove that she was not a vase to prove his strength.Everyone has a different power of success, and she eventually becomes the best graduate of the level, not her "law is no passion" (Aristotle), but in accordance with his understanding of passion as a renewal of the law department. It is true that she ushered in a success with this passion and his fine thinking, which is not only the renewal of law, but also the essence of life.Like ending words, we must be confident and confident in ourselves according to our beliefs and strong self-consciousness.。