Lecture_Slides_Chapter_04

合集下载

14_Lecture_Presentation

– Temporal isolation
– Habitat isolation
– Behavioral isolation – Mechanical isolation
– Gametic isolation
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
PREZYGOTIC BARRIERS Temporal Isolation Habitat Isolation
Sterile next-generation rice hybrid
Figure 14.5c
Mechanisms of Speciation
• A key event in the potential origin of a species occurs when a population is severed from other populations of the parent species.
• Macroevolution:
– Encompasses the major biological changes evident in the fossil record
– Includes the formation of new species
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Allopatric speciation
Simpatric speciation
Figure 14.6
Allopatric Speciation
• Geologic processes can:
– Fragment a population into two or more isolated populations

Slide_chpt02Mechanics

σyy
σxy σyx σxz+dσxz σxz σyz σxy+dσxy σxx+dσxx σzx σ
zy
dz
dx
17
dy σzz
Finite Element Method by G. R. Liu and S. S. Quek
Dynamic equilibrium equations Hence, equilibrium equation in x direction
10
Stress and strain Stresses at a point in a 3D solid:
σ xz = σ zx
σ zy = σ yz σ xy = σ yx
T
σyy σyz σyx
z
σzz σzx σxy σxz σxz σxy σzx σzz σzy σxx σyz σyy σyx
16
Dynamic equilibrium equations Equilibrium of forces in x direction including the inertia forces
(σ xx + dσ xx )dydz − σ xx dydz + (σ yx + dσ yx )dxdz − σ yx dxdz + (σ zx + dσ zx )dxdy − σ zx dxdy + fx
sy.
c11 =
Eν E(1−ν ) , c12 = (1− 2 )(1+ν ) ν (1− 2 )(1+ν ) ν
G= E 2(1+ν )
15
c11 − c12 =G , 2
Finite Element Method by G. R. Liu and S. S. Quek

Chapter 01 Slides

Computer Simulation
Broadly interpreted, computer simulation refers to methods for studying a wide variety of models of systems
Numerically evaluate on a computer Use software to imitate the system's operations and characteristics, often over time
Simulation with Arena, 3rd ed.
Chapter 1 – What Is Simulation?
Slide 4 of 23
Models
Model – set of assumptions/approximations about how the system works
Study the model instead of the real system … usually much easier, faster, cheaper, safer Can try wide-ranging ideas with the model
Avoid looking where the light is (a morality play):
You're walking along in the dark and see someone on hands and knees searching the ground under a street light. You: "What's wrong? Can I help you?" Other person: "I dropped my car keys and can't find them." You: "Oh, so you dropped them around here, huh?" Other person: "No, I dropped them over there." (Points into the darkness.) You: "Then why are you looking here?" Other person: "Because this is where the light is."

lecture

HBTs and HEMTs for wireless communications and fiber optical communications Quantum dot lasers The development of quantum dots
1990
Quantum confined Stark effect in quantum wells
5. Quantum optoelectronic devices
6. Quantum transport devices
1956 J. Bardeen, W. Brittain, W. Schockley: For inventing the transistors
1900 Planck’s Quantum Theory
d 2k 2k dk 2 2 ( 4 ) 2 (4 ) 2 m 2 dE
2dk 2 2 1 2m dE E
Density of States2-D 3-DFra bibliotek1-D
0
E
0
E
0
E
1 D1D
2m E
D2 D
m 2
D3 D
m 2mE 2 3
Density of States of Various Quantum Structures
Conduction band
k
Heavy hole band
2k 2 E E0 2m
Effective mass is related to the curvature of the energy band
Light hole band
2 m 2 d E dk 2
Electron’s velocity is also related to the band structure

Powerpoint_Slides_to_Chapter_01 WITH NOTES

11. Understand how this book is organized
5
DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT
Its Nature and Purpose
Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims.
24
The Systems Model of Management
globalization
5. Explain the concepts of productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency
6. Describe the evoபைடு நூலகம்ution of management and some recent
contributions to management thought
9
Time Spent in Carrying Out Managerial Functions
10
Managerial Skills and the Organizational Hierarchy
The four skills for administrators are: Technical Human Conceptual Design skills
Productivity implies effectiveness and efficiency in individual and organizational performance Effectiveness is the achievement of objectives Efficiency is the achievement of the ends with the least amount of resources (time, money, etc.)

lecture13-slides

() June 10, 2015 10 / 11
2
()
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Example
1
Consider a monopoly market. There are two types of consumers. A fraction λ is type 1 and the rest is type 2. The utility function of a type 1 consumer is θ i v ( qi ) pi where qi is the quality of a good and pi is the price. The cost of producing quality q is cq , c > 0.
3
Since θ 1 is indi¤erent between the two contracts and q2 > q1 , the single-crossing condition implies that θ 2 must prefer (q2 , p2 ) to ( q1 , p1 ) .
3
()
June 10, 2015
7 / 11
Basic Properties
1
If the participation constraint for θ 1 is satis…ed, so is θ 2 ’ s. This follows from θ 2 v ( q2 ) p2 θ 2 v ( q1 ) p1 0. θ 1 v ( q1 ) p1 .
2
Hence, qi such that θ i dv dq = c for i = 1, 2 and pi = θ i v (qi ). Illustrate with a diagram.

slide4

Fundamentals of Multimedia, Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Color in Image and Video
4.1 Color Science 4.2 Color Models in Images 4.3 Color Models in Video 4.4 Further Exploration
• Fig. 4.3 shows the overall sensitivity as a dashed line — this important curve is called the luminous-eﬃciency function.
– It is usually denoted V (λ) and is formed as the sum of the response curves for Red, Green, and Blue.
8
Li & Drew c Prentice Hall 2003
Fundamentals of Multimedia, Chapter 4
• We can succinctly write down this idea in the form of an integral: R = G = B = E (λ) qR(λ) dλ E (λ) qG(λ) dλ E (λ) qB (λ) dλ (4.2)
6
Li & Drew c Prentice Hall 2003
Fundamentals of Multimedia, Chapter 4
• The rod sensitivity curve looks like the luminous-eﬃciency function V (λ) but is shifted to the red end of the spectrum. • The achromatic channel produced by the cones is approximately proportional to 2R + G + B/20.

Lecture Slides.ppt

August 17, 2005
The 2005 Imperial Oil Summer Institute for Computer Studies Teachers
Presentation Outline
• Computer Engineering at UW • Computer Engineering Education Trends • UW Initiatives for Improving Computer Engineering Education • What Can You Do At Your School? • Conclusions
Computer Engineering: Education Trends and Initiatives The 2005 Imperial Oil Summer Institute for Computer Studies Teachers, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
பைடு நூலகம்
Computer Engineering: Education Trends and Initiatives The 2005 Imperial Oil Summer Institute for Computer Studies Teachers, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Third and Fourth Year
• In third and fourth year, the laboratory studies require substantial engineering analysis and design
– A few students are simply unable to make this transition – Critical thinking skills are essential

LectureSlides.ppt

Chapter 0
Introduction
© 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved
Chapter 0: Introduction
• 0.1 The Role of Algorithms • 0.2 The Origins of Computing Machines • 0.3 The Science of Algorithms • 0.4 Abstraction • 0.5 An Outline of Our Study • 0.6 Social Repercussions
© 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved
0-19
Ethical Theories
• Consequence based: What leads to the greatest benefit?
• Duty based: What are my intrinsic obligations?
© 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved
0-12
Computer Science
• The science of algorithms • Draws from other subjects, including
– Mathematics – Engineering – Psychology – Business Administration – Psychology
© 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved
0-4
History of Algorithms

slides_chapter_18

Figure 1 8 .3 Dat a t ree for aSafeHom e c om ponent
8
Analysis Classes
Analysis classes are derived by examining each use-case A grammatical parse is used to identify candidate classes A UML class diagram is developed for each analysis class
Hale Waihona Puke 11Sequence Diagram
:Room
new cust o mer
:FloorPlan
:Product Component
:Billof Mat erials
FloorPlan Reposit ory
BoM Reposit ory
d e sc ri b e s ro o m * p l a c e s ro o m in f loor plan
10
The Interaction Model
Composed of four elements:
use-cases sequence diagrams state diagrams a user interface prototype Each of these is an important UML notation
Comprehensible—all stakeholders understand the purpose of the package Cohesive—the package addresses functions that are closely related to one another Loosely coupled—functions or classes within the package collaborate with one another, but collaboration outside the package are kept to a minimum. Hierarchically shallow—deep functional hierarchies are difficult to navigate and hard for end-users to understand; therefore, the number of levels within a use-case hierarchy should be minimized whenever possible.

Lecture4

11
Fig. 9.6 Lower representational gap with OO modeling
UP Domain Model Stakeholder's view of the noteworthy concepts in the domain. A Payment in the Domain Model is a concept, but a Payment in the Design Model is a software class. They are not the same thing, but the former inspired the naming and definition of the latter. This reduces the representational gap. This is one of the big ideas in object technology. Payment amount: Money getBalance(): Money 1 Pays-for 1 date: Date startTime: Time getTotal(): Money ... Payment amount inspires objects and names in Sale Sale 1 Pays-for 1 date time
3
Sample UP Artifact Relationships Domain Model Business Modeling Sale date ... 1
1..*
Sales LineItem quantity ...
...
conceptual classes – terms, concepts attributes, associations

Unit 4 Period 4 Using Language (II) 课件

2 The boy is giving a first pump and smiling. This is normally done when someone has just accomplished something good and wants to celebrate.
3 The boy is telling a joke to the girl in secret, and she is hiding her face because she is laughin3 Exchange your draft with a partner. 1 Use the checklist to help you review your partner's draft. √ Is the person properly identified? √ Is the description clear? √ Does the writer give his/her impressions of the feelings and
学习总结
1. Can you tell a story about how your teacher read what you are thinking by reading your body language?
2. Find more pictures and explain what you get from the body language.
A very interested B bored C interested D sad or worried E distracted F writing notes G serious problems H like they are asleep I daydreaming J angry, afraid, or experiencing

英语课件ppt模板

Translation techniques
Teach students the basic translation techniques, such as literal translation, free translation, and adaptation
Context understandin g
English courseware PPT template
目录
• Course Introduction • Basic English knowledge • Advanced English skills • Introduction to Cultural Background • Learning Strategies and Skills
Writing skills
Writing prompts
Structured writing
Provide thought provoking writing prompts that resource students to express their ideas clearly and coherently
02
Promote globalization and intercultural communication
03
Enhance cultural diversity and multiple learning
04
Previous cultural conflicts and misunderstanding s
Teaching method
Lecture method
Provide detailed explanations and examples of language rules and usage

Slides_Lecture2

Parentheses deﬁne sub-computations-complete these to get values before evaluating larger expression
- (2+3)*4 - 5*4 - 20
Operator precedence:
- In the absence of parentheses (within which expressions are ﬁrst reduced), operators are executed left to right, ﬁrst using **, then * and /, and then + and -
© 2014 中北大学软件学院
Page 1-12
Python
Some simple examples
>>> 3 + 5
8 >>> 3.14 * 20
62.8
>>> (2 + 3)*4 20
>>> 2 + 3*4
14
© 2014 中北大学软件学院
Page 1-13
Python
Performing simple operations
terms –
高级语言使用更多抽象的形式转换矩阵，计算函数 In a compiled language, those abstractions are converted back into low level instructions, then executed 编译类语言，那些抽象形式的语句就会先转换为低级指令，然后再执行。
© 2014 中北大学软件学院 Page 1-6

chapter4-Lecture2

N N V NP
N Infl Adv V Det N
N
She has finally found the man whom she loves e
CP
C NP
S VP NP
CP NP C S
NP Infl VP
N N V NP
N Infl Adv V Det N
N
She has finally found the man who e loves her
No element may be removed from a coordinate structure.
[CP [InflP Geoffrey should know [CP that the train might be late]]]. [Deep structure]
[CP should [InflP Geoffrey___ know [CP whether
Chapter 4
Syntax
The S Rule
S → NP＋VP VP → Vtr. ＋NP NP → Det＋N Vtr. →buy, sell, build, repair, wash, etc. N → man, woman, car, house, bicycle, etc. Det → a, an, the
Empty category
Head movement
* The teacher wonders [CP if- should his student__ stay.]
Do insertion
Do insersion insert interrogative do into an empty Infl position

slides_chapter_1

Software Evolution
The Law of Conservation of Familiarity (1980): As an E-type system evolves all associated with it, developers, sales personnel, users, for example, must maintain mastery of its content and behavior to achieve satisfactory evolution. The Law of Continuing Growth (1980): The functional content of Etype systems must be continually increased to maintain user satisfaction over their lifetime. The Law of Declining Quality (1996): The quality of E-type systems will appear to be declining unless they are rigorously maintained and adapted to operational environment changes. The Feedback System Law (1996): E-type evolution processes constitute multi-level, multi-loop, multi-agent feedback systems and must be treated as such to achieve significant improvement over any reasonable base.

2020-1-5-SlidesChapter1

• Value of a firm =
1
(1 r
)
(1
T
(1 r
)T
T T
t1 (1 r )t
1-9
Ownership & Control
• Principal-agent problem
• Conflict that arises when goals of management (agent) do not match goals of owner (principal)
• Models reduce complexity by focusing only what is important
• Example: photo with all details (complex) versus map with only roads (simple model) to get from A to B
Chapter 1 Managers, Profits and
Markets
1-1
Managerial Economics & Theory
• Economic theory helps managers understand real-world business problems
• Uses simplifying assumptions to turn complexity into relative simplicity
• Owned by others & hired, rented, or leased
• Owner-supplied resources
• Owned & used by the firm

大学学术英语视听说教程上册chapter4原文

大学学术英语视听说教程上册chapter4原文Let's talk about the physics involved in a ride on a roller coaster.I'm sure many of you have taken a ride on a roller coaster. A simple roller coaster consists of a frame with a track on it. The track is very much like a train track, this track goes over a series of hills and around curves.lt follows a path that end at the same place it started. A train of cars travels around on this track,very fast. The cars have two sets of wheels . One set of wheels rolls on top of the track, and the others set of wheels rolls below the track.The wheels below the track keep the fast moving cars from coming off the track,roller coaster cars as you probably know don't have any motors or engines. Instead, a chain pulls the cars up the first, tallest and steep staff hill, this is how the ride begins. Then,at the top of the hill the chain comes off the cars and gravity takes over.Gravity pushes the cars down the other side of the hill.The taller and steeper the first hill is, the faster the ride will be.And the farther the cars will travel.As the cars rolled downhill they gained speed.The cars have enough speed and energy to send them up the next hill.As the cars near the top ofthe second hill they begin to slow down.But then, the cars reached the top of that hill, and start down the other side.Gravity again pushes them toward the ground.This process repeats one ach hale.Okay, so let's go over this process again. First,the cars are pulled by a chain up the first highest hill.Then they go down a very steep slope, at this point, there is enough energy to pull the cars up and over the next hill. When they reached the bottom of that hill, there is enough energy to climb the next hill, the roller coaster cars lose energy as the ride continues. So, the hills have to be smaller toward the end of the track, finally we roll to a stop on ground level right where we began.。

Unit2 My week 绗炬椂鏁欏

1、张鹏观看《Everyday， everyday，whatdo you do everday?》视频后，想知道奥利弗在干嘛，于是打电话给他。
2、听录音，根据录音内容在图片左下方打勾。
3、张鹏就只能和其他小伙伴们一起玩。
本环节通过创设周末张鹏看了一个视频后，便给奥利弗打电话邀请他一起去踢足球，奥利弗在忙着打扫卫生，于是有了下面的故事，这样可激发学生学习兴趣，在情境中自然的展开教学。
回到学校后，大家纷纷问小伙伴周末通常会做什么，好在下过周末一起约着做。
通过两两对话的形式，再一次巩固核心句型的掌握。
最后的操练可以拓展做一个统计表格。
教学任务四：
巩固练。通过具体讲解知识点，让学生在具体练习中深化。
Step4:Languagepoints
1、核心句型—Do you often read books in the park?—No, I don’t.解析
学习任务三：
应用新知。通过和同伴进行问答，以及猜一猜活动收集同学们喜爱做的活动，力求将所学知识运用于实际生活中。
Step3:Askand answer
1.同学们互相询问对方周末会做什么？通过肯定回答和否定回答来确认。
2.张鹏将同学们喜欢做的事情拍成图片展示在墙上，通过猜一猜的游戏来确定是谁喜欢做的事。
学习任务二：
教授新知。通过多形式的操练来解读对话，让学生从多维度掌握本节课新知，从而生成系统的知识框架。
Step2：Let’stalk
1、呈现对话图片，并引导学生观察图片预测相关信息。
2、听录音，补充内容。
3、观看视频，检查下自己刚才补充的内容是否正确。
4、学生听录音，逐句逐句的听，逐句逐句的跟读对话，注意句子的语音语调和停顿，模仿说话者的语气。

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Tariff Welfare Effects – Large Nation
Before Trade: U.S. consumer surplus is area in red U.S. producer surplus is area in green.
Tariff Welfare Effects – Large Nation
Effective Rate – 1st Example
(n-ab) 0.1-0.8(0) e= = = 0.5 = 50% (1-a) 1-0.8 for this example: n = $50/($100 + $400) = 0.1 = 10% a = $400/($100 + $400) = 0.8 b = $0/($400) = 0
o tariff evasion – illegal means of reducing or eliminating tariffs
examples: false reclassification of products falsification of country of origin altering composition of product itself
Tariffs
Chapter 4
Copyright © 2009 South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Tariffs
o definition – tax levied on a good when it crosses a national border • import tariff – much more common • export tariff – less common; revenue source o purposes • protective tariff – designed to reduce the amount of imports entering a country; increase sales for domestic producers • revenue generation – designed to generate additional funds for domestic government
Consumer & Producer Surplus (cont.)
When combined, the areas of consumer surplus and producer surplus represent the total welfare to the nation resulting from the sale of this good.
customs valuation – process of determining the value of an imported good o free-on-board (FOB) valuation – tariff applied as product leaves country o cost-insurance-freight (CIF)valuation – tariff applied as product enters country
With Free Trade: Consumer surplus increases substantially. Producer surplus decreases but to a lesser degree. The overall increase in welfare is b,c,d and the triangle above.
Tariff Welfare Effects – Small Nation
Before Trade: U.S. consumer surplus is area in red. U.S. producer surplus is area in green.
Tariff Welfare Effects – Small Nation
Consumer & Producer Surplus
1) consumer surplus – additional benefit obtained by the buyer of a good • difference between the maximum that the buyer is willing to pay and the actual price • area below demand and above price 2) producer surplus – additional benefit obtained by the seller of a good • difference between the minimum that the seller is willing to accept and the actual price • area above supply and below price
Types of Tariffs
1) specific tariff – fixed monetary amount per unit of the imported good 2) ad valorem tariff – fixed percentage of the value of the imported good
3) compound tariff – combines the elements of specific and ad valorem tariffs
Tariff Examples by Country and Industry
Effective Rate of Protection
1) nominal tariff rate – based on tariff applied to value of finished product 2) effective tariff rate – based on tariff applied to finished product and imported inputs (n-ab) effective rate of protection = e = (1-a) n = nominal tariff rate on final product a = ratio of value of imported input to value of finished product (prior to tariffs) b = nominal tariff rate on imported input
Tariff Welfare Effects – Small Nation
With Tariff:
c = revenue effect = lost consumer surplus now government rev. a = redistributive effect = shift from consumer to producer surplus b + d = deadweight loss = benefits lost to all parties b = protective effect d = consumption effect
Tariff Escalation
o tariff escalation – higher tariffs on intermediate and finished goods and lower tariffs on raw materials o incentive for developing nations to expand production of raw materials o disincentive for developing nations to compete in market for finished goods
Tariff Welfare Effects – Large Nation
With Tariff:
c + e = revenue effect = consumer surplus now government rev. a = redistributive effect = shift from consumer to producer surplus b + d = deadweight loss = beneective effect d = consumption effect above.
Effective Rate – 2nd Example
(n-ab) 0.1-0.8(0.05) e= = = 0.3 = 30% (1-a) 1-0.8 in this case: n = $50/($100 + $400) = 0.1 = 10% a = $400/($100 + $400) = 0.8 b = $20/($400) = 0.05 = 5%
Postponing Import Tariffs
Bonded Warehouse o location maintained by importers ensuring that all customs obligations will be satisfied o goods may be stored for maximum of 5 years o requires inspection by U.S. Customs Service Foreign-Trade Zone o U.S. site at which foreign merchandise can be imported without immediate payment of duties or tariffs o does not require inspection by U.S. Customs