必修1期中考试复习
高一必修一期中知识点
高一必修一期中知识点高一必修一是学生们进入高中阶段的第一门英语课程，本期中考试将覆盖所学习的知识点。
以下是本期中知识点的详细介绍。
一、语法知识点1. 一般现在时：用于表达经常发生的动作或现实真理，主语为第三人称单数时要加-s。
2. 一般过去时：用于表达过去发生的事情，动词需要用过去式。
3. 现在进行时：用于表达现在正在进行的动作，构成为“be动词+动词的ing形式”。
4. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，构成为“have/has + 过去分词”。
5. 句型：疑问句、否定句、祈使句等基本句型的构成和用法。
二、词汇知识点1. 名词：可数名词和不可数名词的区分，单数名词和复数名词的变化规则。
2. 冠词：不定冠词（a/an）和定冠词（the）的用法。
3. 代词：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等的使用。
4. 动词：不同动词形式（及物动词、不及物动词、系动词）的用法和意义。
5. 介词：常见的介词及其用法。
6. 形容词和副词：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式，以及其用法。
三、阅读理解1. 阅读短文：理解短文的主旨、细节和推理能力。
2. 词汇理解：根据上下文推测单词的意思。
3. 段落理解：理解短文的段落结构和上下文关系。
四、写作能力1. 书信写作：了解书信的格式和常用句式，能够按要求书写不同类型的书信。
2. 日记写作：熟悉日记的写作风格和用词，能够描述和记录日常生活中的事情。
3. 句子写作：练习使用各种语法结构，正确地拼写和使用单词。
五、口语交际能力1. 日常对话：学会用英语进行简单的问候、交流和表达意见。
2. 场景交际：在各种情境中练习使用正确的语言表达方式。
以上是高一必修一期中考试的知识点总结，希望同学们认真复习，并且进行充分的练习，为期中考试做好准备。
祝大家取得好成绩！。
高一语文必修(1)期中考试题及答案 人教版高一必修一
高一语文必修（1）期中考试题及答案人教版高一必修一高一语文必修（1）期中考试题(说明：全卷总分100分，考试时间120分钟，)一、基础知识（12分，每小题2分）1、下列各组词语中加点字读音全都正确的一项是：A、叨天（dāo）恓惶（qīhuáng）夤缘（yín）相濡以沫（r ú）B、戕灭（qiāng）聒噪（guō）戏谑（xuè）蜚声国际（f ēi）C、夙昔（sù）衣袂（jué）云翳（yì）含情脉脉（màim ài）D、亘古（gèn）熨帖（yù）桎梏（gù）烟波浩淼（miǎo）2、下列各句中没有错别字的一句是：A、他的外表整洁和内心有条理是一致的，人们从来没有看到他有过烦燥不安的表情。
B、纵观世界文学，最为悲壮、高亢的诗文，往往是在人生最激烈、惨痛的漩涡里分免。
C、一个人，出生了，这就不再是一个可以辨论的问题，而只是上帝交给他的一个事实。
D、但我直到几十年以后，才体会到云彩更多，霞光才愈美丽。
从云翳中外露的霞光，才是璀璨多彩的。
3、下列各句中标点符号的使用正确的一项是：A、到底哪里是安徒生写作的地方？哪里是他父亲的皮鞋作坊？已经没法弄清了。
B、我不明白为什么？我倒真是越来越依恋他。
C、据说，在一千万只昆虫中才能发现一只这样的变异品种，自然是“物以希为贵。
”D、但我以为这恰是到了好处——酣眠固不可少，小睡也别有风味的。
4、下列各句中成语的使用正确的一项是：A、万万没想到我还有一个我自己不知道的，牵不断、割不断的耿耿于怀的家。
B、仿古建筑虽然也是雕梁画栋、黄瓦红墙，但是缺少基本的古建筑常识，不伦不类，令人贻笑大方。
C、这老爷子对今天的一切都看不顺眼，成天慨叹着人心不古，世风日下。
D、当一名人质实在太累了太紧张了太朝三暮四了。
5、下列各句中没有语病的一项是：A、那是一个热闹的季节，也是一个风流的季节。
必修一期中复习知识点
第一章行星地球第一节宇宙中的地球宇宙中的地球（地球的普通性与特殊性）1．太阳系中的一颗普通行星——普通性·类地行星：水、金、地、火·巨行星：木、土·远日行星：天王、海王2.143.自西向东，从北极上空看呈逆时针，从南极上空看呈顺时针。
①恒星日（真正周期）：23时56分恒星年，365日6时9分10秒回归年，365日5时48分46秒读图要求：⑴识记近日点、远日点位置，并注意冬至日、夏至日地球在公转轨道上位置的差异；⑵把握公转方向；⑶正确理解公转速度变化的规律。
234地方时：1小时。
拓展5。
掌6高度为900。
正午太阳高度的计算：夏至日，北回归线及以北的地区，正午太阳高度达最大值，南半球达最小值；冬至日，南回归线及以南的地区，正午太阳高度达最大值，北半球达最小值。
赤道在春分、秋分日达最大值。
7、昼夜长短的变化(c)：太阳直射点所在的半球上，昼长夜短，且地理纬度越高，白昼越长；太阳直射点的纬度越高，白昼越长。
另一半球，反之。
学会比较不同纬度地点的昼夜长短。
以北半球为例：8、地球外部圈层及特点(a)：地壳以外由大气、水和生物组成的自然界，可以划分为大气圈、水圈和生物圈三个圈层。
第二章地球上的大气第一节冷热不均引起的大气运动一．大气的受热过程1. 削弱太阳辐射作用吸收、反射、散射2. 大气的温室效应·过程：太阳暖地面→地面暖大气→大气还地面·太阳辐射：短波辐射，辐射透过大气到达地面，地面气温↑，大气气温↑·地面辐射：长波辐射，辐射穿过大气进入太空，大气气温↑，地面气温↓·大气逆辐射：长波辐射，辐射到达地面，大气气温↓，地面气温↑→大气问温室效应3.太阳辐射是大气最重要的能量来源，而地面是近地面大气的主要、直接热源二．热力环流1. 产生原因：地面受热不均地面冷热不均→大气的垂直运动→同一水平面的气压差异→大气的水平运动2代表类型·海陆风·城市风·山谷风：白天由于山坡增温强烈，气流上升，形成谷风夜间因山坡空气迅速冷却，密度增大，因而沿坡下滑，流入谷地，形成山风三．大气的水平运动——风（三大作用力）1. 水平气压梯度力：确定风向，影响风速，风产生的直接原因，方向由高压→低压，始终与等压线垂直。
高一必修一语文期中考试卷及答
一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1. 下列词语中，字形、字音、字义完全正确的一项是（）A. 翻箱倒柜（fān）毕恭毕敬（bì）B. 惊弓之鸟（jīng）碧空如洗（bì）C. 水落石出（lào）雕梁画栋（diāo）D. 鸡犬升天（shēng）贾而不售（gǔ）2. 下列句子中，没有语病的一项是（）A. 在这次活动中，我们深刻地体会到了集体的力量。
B. 为了完成这项任务，我们每天都要加班到很晚。
C. 这本书的内容非常丰富，对提高我们的写作水平有很大的帮助。
D. 由于天气原因，火车晚点了两个小时。
3. 下列句子中，使用了比喻修辞手法的一项是（）A. 月亮像一个大玉盘，高高地挂在天空中。
B. 这本书就像一把钥匙，为我打开了知识的大门。
C. 小明跑得像兔子一样快。
D. 她的笑容像阳光一样温暖。
4. 下列词语中，与“骄阳似火”意思相近的一项是（）A. 阳光明媚B. 骄阳如火C. 阳光灿烂D. 阳光和煦5. 下列句子中，使用了排比修辞手法的一项是（）A. 他热爱祖国，热爱人民，热爱社会主义。
B. 这本书的内容非常丰富，对提高我们的写作水平有很大的帮助。
C. 我看到了大海，看到了天空，看到了远方。
D. 这篇文章的文笔优美，语言生动。
6. 下列句子中，使用了拟人修辞手法的一项是（）A. 雪花飘飘洒洒，仿佛在向大地诉说着什么。
B. 这本书就像一把钥匙，为我打开了知识的大门。
C. 小明跑得像兔子一样快。
D. 她的笑容像阳光一样温暖。
7. 下列词语中，属于成语的一项是（）A. 青天白日B. 呼风唤雨C. 美轮美奂D. 风和日丽8. 下列句子中，语序不当的一项是（）A. 他虽然学习很好，但是性格比较内向。
B. 我们必须努力学习，才能实现我们的梦想。
C. 她在这次比赛中获得了第一名。
D. 这个城市的环境非常优美。
9. 下列句子中，使用了夸张修辞手法的一项是（）A. 这个湖的水很清，能看清湖底的沙石。
新高一期中备考攻略丨全科知识点、学习重点都在这里!
新高一期中备考攻略丨全科知识点、学习重点都在这里！对于高一而言，有一场考试十分的重要，那就是期中考试，很多学校会在高一期中后进行选科，所以同学们也可以根据这场考试，选择适合自己的科目。
那么高一期中考什么，重点又在哪里，小编进行了总结，一起来看一下吧！01高一语文●期中考察范围《必修》（上）前四个单元●重要考察知识点【背诵篇】《沁园春·长沙》《芣苢》《插秧歌》《短歌行》《归园田居（其一）》《梦游天姥吟留别》《登高》《琵琶行并序》《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》《声声慢》●复习重点古诗和文言文需要重点复习，特别是文言文中的注解、字的含义等也要记得。
除此之外，还有背诵相关的作者、所处的时代背景、文章表达的思想也要理解。
文言文复习重点：①课文的文学常识(作者、年代、文集)。
②文言文古的翻译，尤其是名句的翻译。
③虚词、实词的解释以及所有出现过的通假字(包括拼音、解释在内)。
④句式，定语后置宾语前置等句式要心中有数。
02高一数学●期中考察范围《必修一》至第三章3.4节函数应用●重要考察知识点集合与常用逻辑用语一元二次函数方程和不等式函数的概念和性质●复习重点函数是高中第一个学生容易学不明白的章节，会给考试增加不少难度，抽象函数问题层出不穷，不等式的考察也更加综合。
利用好复习试卷，记录其中错题，难题，并重新做一遍，考前再看一遍。
这些复习卷很重要，可以利用去年或前年的考试卷子做。
重复做卷子里容易出错的和难度较大的综合题目，越熟练越好。
其次，熟记公式，牢固基础。
03高一英语●期中考察范围《必修一》welcome unit1-unit 3●重要考察知识点续写：记叙文应用文：建议信、求助信语法填空：谓语20%、非谓语20%、定语从句10%、形容词副词10%、其他40%阅读理解：细节题50%、主旨题20%、推断题30%七选五：逻辑60%、复现40%完形填空：动词40%、名词20%、形容词20%、其他20%●复习重点有不少同学在英语复习时把课本抛在一边，专攻复习资料上面的那些难题，结果时间耽误了，考试又考不到，后悔莫及。
高二上学期化学人教版选择性必修1期中考试复习课时1课件
起始浓度（mol/L） a b 0 0转化浓度（mol/L） mx nx px qxt时刻浓度（mol/L） a- mx b- nx px qx
如：2H2(g)＋O2(g)=2H2O(l) ΔH＝－571.6kJ·mol－1 H2(g)＋1/2O2(g)=H2O(l) ΔH＝－285.8 kJ·mol－1
注意：ΔH 的单位中“mol-1”，指的是“每摩尔反应”。因此， ΔH 必须与方程式一一对应。
①50 mL盐酸的质量m1＝50 g, 50 mLNaOH溶液质量m2＝50 g。②反应后生成的溶液的比热容c＝4.18 J/(g .℃)。
为了计算简便，可以近似的认为实验所用酸、碱稀溶液的密度、比热容与水的相同，并忽略量热计的比热容，则：
50 mL 0.50 mol/L盐酸与 50 mL 0.55 mol/LNaOH溶液发生中和反应时放出的热量为： (m1+m2)· c· (t2-t1)= .
4、中和反应反应热的测定
以HCl溶液和NaOH溶液反应为例
(2)测量工具：简易量热计
(1)测量原理：
用温度计测量反应前后体系的温度变化，根据有关物质的比热容等来计算反应热
Q ＝ c · m ·ΔtQ：中和反应放出的热量 m：体系的质量C：体系的比热容 Δt：反应前后体系温度的差值
放热反应 ΔH<0
吸热反应 ΔH>0
计算公式：∆H＝反应物总键能(E吸) - 生成物总键能(E放)
3、从反应物与生成物总键能的相对大小分析焓变（微观角度 ）
高一化学必修一期中考试知识点总结
高一化学必修一期中考试知识点总结【篇一】一、金属活动性Na>Mg>Al>Fe.二、金属一般比较活泼,容易与O2反应而生成氧化物,可以与酸溶液反应而生成H2,特别活泼的如Na等可以与H2O发生反应置换出H2,特殊金属如Al可以与碱溶液反应而得到H2.三、A12O3为*氧化物,Al(OH)3为*氢氧化物,都既可以与强酸反应生成盐和水,也可以与强碱反应生成盐和水.四、Na2CO3和NaHCO3比较碳酸钠碳酸氢钠俗名纯碱或苏打小苏打色态白色晶体细小白色晶体水溶性易溶于水,溶液呈碱性使酚酞变红易溶于水(但比Na2CO3溶解度小)溶液呈碱性(酚酞变浅红)热稳定性较稳定,受热难分解受热易分解2NaHCO3Na2CO3+CO2↑+H2O与酸反应CO32—+H+HCO3—HCO3—+H+CO2↑+H2OHCO3—+H+CO2↑+H2O相同条件下放出CO2的速度NaHCO3比Na2CO3快与碱反应Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2CaCO3↓+2NaOH反应实质：CO32—与金属阳离子的复分解反应NaHCO3+NaOHNa2CO3+H2O反应实质：HCO3—+OH-H2O+CO32—与H2O和CO2的反应Na2CO3+CO2+H2O2NaHCO3CO32—+H2O+CO2HCO3—不反应与盐反应CaCl2+Na2CO3CaCO3↓+2NaClCa2++CO32—CaCO3↓不反应主要用途玻璃、造纸、制皂、洗涤发酵、医药、灭火器转化关系五、合金：两种或两种以上的金属(或金属与非金属)熔合在一起而形成的具有金属特性的物质.合金的特点;硬度一般比成分金属大而熔点比成分金属低,用途比纯金属要广泛.【篇二】一、常见物质的分离、提纯和鉴别1.常用的物理方法——根据物质的物理性质上差异来分离。
混合物的物理分离方法方法适用范围主要仪器注意点实例i、蒸发和结晶：蒸发是将溶液浓缩、溶剂气化或溶质以晶体析出的方法。
结晶是溶质从溶液中析出晶体的过程，可以用来分离和提纯几种可溶性固体的混合物。
必修一期中考试知识点复习课件
太阳系
地月系 其他行星系
总星系
河外星系
其他恒星系
1
二、太阳
1太阳系：太阳是太阳系中心天体的原因；识记八大行星的位置；
小行星带的位置； 哈雷彗星的周期； 行星的分类，运动特征。
76年
类地行星
巨行星
远日行星
同向性，共面性，近圆性
2
3、太阳活动
（1）、太阳的结构（气体球）
太阳外部大气层从内向外：光球层、色球层、日冕层
流水作用
流水侵蚀作用 流水搬运作用 流水沉积作用
沟谷、峡谷、瀑布
泥石流
冲积扇、冲积平原、 河口三角洲
分布地区：湿润、半湿润地区
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风力侵蚀作用 风力搬运作用
风力作用
风蚀地貌：风蚀蘑 菇、风蚀洼地等
沙尘暴
风力沉积作用
风积地貌：黄土高原 沙丘、沙垄等
分布地区：干旱地区，如我国西北
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一、大气圈的组成与结构
昼半球的中间经线地方时是12∶00， 夜半球的中间经线地方时是0∶00或24∶00。
8
9
地球公转
• 方向:自西向东 • 轨道形状：椭圆形 • 速度：一月初近日点速度最快，七月初远日点速度最慢 • 周期：一恒星年：365日6时9分10秒 • 一回归年： 365日5时48分46秒
10
黄赤交角变大， 热量带怎么变化
17
思考：夏至日，30°N纬线的昼长与 30°S纬线夜长什么关系？
任何时间，南北半球对称的纬度，其北半球（或南 半球）的夜长（或昼长）等于南半球（或北半球） 的同纬度的昼长（或夜长）。
18
19
1、地球内部圈层划分依据：地震波的传播速度
17 2900
物理必修1期中考试复习考点
期中考前复习1.质点：用来代替物体的有质量的点称为质点。
（理想模型）物体被看成质点的条件物体的形状、体积、大小对所研究的问题可以忽略 【例1】关于质点下列说法正确的是（ ） A. 质点一定是体积、质量极小的物体B. 因为质点没有大小，所以与几何中的点没有区别C. 计算火车通过1000m 桥所用的时间，火车可视为质点D. 表演精彩动作的芭蕾舞演员不可看作质点2.位移：物体位置的变化，用从初位置指向末位置的有向线段表示（矢量）【例2】某质点向东运动12m ，又向西运动20m ，又向北运动6m ，则它运动的路程和位移大小分别是（ ）A ．38m ，10mB ．2m ，10mC ．14m ，6mD ．38m ，6m3.平均速度tx v =（矢量）；平均速率ts v =【例3】一辆汽车以速度v 匀速行驶了全程的1/3,然后匀减速地行驶了剩下的2/3,恰好静止,则全程的平均速度为 ( )A. 3v/5B. 2v/3C. 3v/2D. v/34.加速度：速度的该变量与发生这一改变所用时间的比值tv a∆∆=，tv ∆∆速度变化率，v ∆速度变化量a与v 、v ∆的无关【例4】下列所描述的运动中，不可能发生的有（ ） A ．速度变化越来越快，加速度越来越小 B ．速度变化很大，加速度很小C ．速度变化的方向向北，加速度的方向向南D ．速度方向向东，加速度方向向西【例5】若汽车一开始在做匀加速直线运动，当加速度变小时（ ） A ．汽车的速度越来越大 B ．汽车的速度越来越小C ．当加速度减小到0时，汽车处于静止状态D ．当加速度减小到0时，汽车的速度达到最大值5.t x -图像：表示物体位置随时间的变化；速度方向：倾斜向上/向下 t v -图像：表示物体速度随时间的变化；速度方向：t 轴上方/下方； 加速度方向：倾斜向上/向下 斜率表示加速度，面积表示位移 【例6】如图是在同一条直线上运动的A 、B 两质点的位移图象，由图可知 A ．t=0时，A 在B 前面B ．B 物体在t 2秒末追上A 并在此后跑在A 的前面C ．在0－t 1时间内B 的运动速度比A 大D ．B 物体开始运动时速度比A 小，t 2秒后才大于A 的速度ot/sv/m·s －1 40 0 400800 80 120【例7】竖直升空的火箭，其v —t 图象如图所示，由图可知以下说法中正确的是（ ） A . 火箭上升的最大高度为16000m B . 火箭上升的最大高度为48000m C . 火箭经过120s 落回地面D . 火箭上升过程中的加速度始终是20m/s 26.匀变速直线运动的基本公式tv v t v x v v ax att v x at v v tt t ⋅+=⋅=-=+=+=22210222007.匀变速直线运动的三个重要推论22200)3(2)2(2)1(22aTx v v v v v v v ttx t =∆+=+==移之差相等的时间内相邻的位【例8】如图所示，以8m/s 匀速行驶的汽车即将通过路口，绿灯还有2 s 将熄灭，此时汽车距离停车线18 m 。
必修一期中复习
第三节 从汉至元政治制度的演变
9.隋唐时期在中央实施三省六部制，三省职能分别是什么？权力如何运作？如 何评价这一制度？ 10.宋朝如何分割宰相权力？“二府三司”分别指什么机构？ 11.汉初在地方推行什么制度？带来什么问题？后来又是如何解决的？ 12.元朝为什么在地方设置行省制度？它与中书省关系何在？中书省直辖的“ 腹里”是 指哪些地区？宣政院的辖地有哪些？元朝在边远少数民族地区设 置什么机构？行省制度对当时及后世带来怎样的影响？ 13.世官制、察举制和九品中正制分别在哪个时期推行？各自的选官标准是什 么？察举制和九品中正制都是自下而上的选官制度，如何加以区别？ 14.科举制经历了怎样的演变过程（隋朝建立、唐朝完善、明清八股取士、清 末废除）？科举制的选官标准是什么？科举制的影响？选官制度有哪些演变 趋势？
一、中央集权的发展 二、君主专制的演进
地方制度（中央、地方）的变化 中央官制（君权、相权）的变化
三、选官、用官制度的变化
一、中央官制：君权与相权
秦 （皇帝制； 三公九卿） 西汉 （频繁换相； 内外朝制） 宋代 隋唐 （三省六部制） 明朝
（中书门下、“参知政事”、 （1.明太祖朱元璋： 枢密院、三司。“二府三司”） 废丞相，权归六部； 设殿阁大学士。 2.明成祖朱棣：设内阁） 清朝 （雍正：设立军机处 君主专制达到顶峰，封建制度走向衰落。） 君权不断加强，相权不断削弱，直 趋 势 至被废除。
与中央关系 影 响
血缘关系
世袭统治权
地域关系
郡守和县令由皇帝直接任 免，有俸禄无封地
独立性大，容易形成地 有利于加强中央集权，维 方割据势力 护国家统一 于官员的任免方式不同。
三、选官、用官制度
时期 官制 先秦 世官制 两汉 察举制 魏晋南北朝 九品中正制 门第 隋唐 科举制 考试成绩； 才学
高一生物必修一_期中考试复习知识点
C．线粒体、叶绿体和细胞核 D ．细胞 核、核糖体和线粒体
第四节细胞中的糖类和脂质
例题：双缩脲试剂可以鉴定蛋白质却不 能鉴定氨基酸，是由于蛋白质有 A．肽键 B ．R 基 C ．羧基 D．氨基 例题：在生物组织中还原糖、脂肪、蛋 白质的鉴定实验中，关于实验材料选择 的叙述中，错误的是： A A、甘蔗茎的薄壁组织、 甜菜的块根等都 含有较多的糖且近于白色，因此可以用
五、核酸的分布： 真核细胞的 DNA 主要 分布在细胞核中；线粒体、叶绿体内也 含有少量的 DNA ；RNA 主要分布在细 胞质中。
例题 :“观察 DNA 、RNA 在细胞中分布”
的实验中，下列正确的实验步骤是
A．水解→取细胞→冲洗涂片→染色→
观察
B．取细胞→水解→冲洗涂片→染色→ 观察
C．取细胞→水解→染色→冲洗涂片→ 观察
于进行还原糖的实验 B、花生种子含脂肪多且子叶肥厚， 是用 于脂肪鉴定的理想材料 C、大豆种子蛋白质含量高， 是进行蛋白 质实验鉴定的理想植物组织材料 D、鸡蛋清含蛋白质多， 是进行蛋白质鉴 定的理想材料
一、相关概念： 糖类：是主要的能源物质；主要分
为单糖、二糖和多糖等 单糖：是不能再水解的糖。如葡萄
五、蛋白质的主要功能（生命活动 的主要承担者）：
①构成细胞和生物体的重要物质， 如肌动蛋白；
②催化作用：如酶；
③调节作用： 如胰岛素、 生长激素；
④免疫作用：如抗体，抗原；
⑤运输作用：如红细胞中的血红蛋 白。
例题：加热会使蛋白质变性，在变性过 程中肽键是否因此而断裂呢？请设 计一个证明“蛋白质在加热变性后 肽键没有断裂”的实验。
高二语文必修一期中考试复习要点
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高一英语必修一期中考试题-含答案
高一第一学期模块检测（英语）第I卷（共105分）第一部分：听力（共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分）第二部分：语言知识及应用（共二节，满分35分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）21.You’d better _______ your score and see if you have passed the exam.A. add up toB. add toC. add upD. add22. ---- Do you know our town at all-----No, this ________ the first time I _________ here.A. was; has eB. is; eC. is; had eD. is; have e23. Mr. Green asked Lily ________ she had written to her father _______.A. whether; the day beforeB. whether; yesterdayC. that; the day beforeD. that; yesterday24. Every minute is made full _______ of _______ our lessons well.A. to use; studyB. use; studyingC use; to study D. used; studying25. Many questions ______ at the meeting, but he answered none.A. came upB. raisedC. were risenD. asked26. ——the number of cars ,he thought ,there were not many people at the club.A .He judged by B. Judged from C. Judged by D. Judging by27. People ______ at the meeting would have a discussion on pollution.A. were presentB. took part inC. join inD. present.28．------Does your wife like tea------well, she doesn’t really ______ tea, she likes coffeebetter.A. care forB. careC. care aboutD. care of29. Mr. Black _______ Shanghai in a few days. Do you know when the earliest plane _______ on SundayA. leaves; takes offB. is leaving; takes offC. is leaving; is taking offD. leaves; is taking off30. That hero who died in the war was so brave that he never ____ ____ to the enemies until death.A. gave upB. gave outC. gave inD. gave away31. ---Why does she always ask you for help---- There is no one else ________________, is thereA. who to turn B she can turn toC. for whom to turnD. for her to turn32. The farm ______ we see today is no longer the one ______ it was ten years ago.A. that; thatB. where; thatC. where; whatD. which; which33. Whenever we are in ________, we must never lose ______, but try to think of the way out.A. the trouble; our heartB. troubles; heartsC. trouble; heartD. trouble; our heart34. He _______ for ten years but still doesn’t want to leave office.A. has been in powerB. has e to powerC. took officeD. e into power35. It ____in this new hall ____ was just set up last month ________ we held an important meeting yesterday.A. is; which; thatB. was; which; whatC. is; that; whichD. was; which; that第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）“Cheese”— a metaphor (隐喻) for what we want to have in life，whether it is a job, a relationship, or money.Each of us has our own 36 of what cheese is, and we want to 37 it because we believe it makes us 38 .Once there lived four little characters. Two were 39 named Sniff and Scurry and two were little people named Hem and Haw.Every morning, the mice and the little people 40 their running wear and went to Cheese Station C 41 they found their cheese. It was such a large store of cheese that Hem and Haw 42 moved their homes to be closer to it.One morning, Sniff and Scurry arrived at Cheese Station C and discovered there was 43 cheese. They weren’t surprised. 44 they had noticed the supply 45 cheese had been getting smaller every day, they were prepared for the result. They set out quickly to 46 new cheese.Later that same day, Hem and Haw arrived. “What No cheese! Who moved my cheese” Hem yelled. They went home that night 47 and discouraged.The next day Hem and Haw 48 to Cheese Station C. But the situation hadn’t changed. Haw asked, “Do Sniff and Scurry know something we don’t know” Hem 49 him and said, “What would they know They are simple 50 and we are human beings. They cannot be 51 than we are.”Haw suggested, “Maybe we should 52 talking about the situation and just to look for some new cheese.”Haw decided to 53 Cheese Station C while Hem was more fortable staying in the cheeseless Station C.Meanwhile, Sniff and Scurry went farther 54 they found Cheese Station N. They found what they had been looking for. It was the biggest 55 of cheese the mice had ever seen.36. A. feeling B. idea C. worry D. hope37. A. get B. avoid C. follow D. try38. A. happy B. angry C. full D. worried39. A. humans B. dogs C. mice D. cats40. A. put in B. took off C. gave in D. put on41. A. where B. that C. which D. what42. A. firstly B. suddenly C. finally D. always43. A. some B. no C. any D. much44. A. For B. If C. Though D. Since45. A. with B. of C. for D. to46. A. search for B. find C. look after D. discover47. A. glad B. hopeful C. unsatisfied D. excited48. A. returned B. left C. walked D. ran49. A. smiled at B. laughed atC. blamedD. praised50. A. animals B. cheese-loversC. thievesD. Sniff and Scurry51. A. more foolish B. bigger C. smarter D. faster52. A. start B. stop C. get D. enjoy53. A. leave B. go C. move D. start54. A. if B. unless C. when D. until55. A. store B. factory C. pany D. home第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）( A )Millions of meat-eaters have made the personal decision to stop eating the flesh of other creatures. Here are some major reasons for such a decision.1.The health reasonMedical studies prove that a vegetarian diet is easier to digest, provides a wider range of nutrients(营养) and has fewer burdens on the body. Vegetarians are less influenced by all the major diseases, and thus live longer, healthier, more productive lives. They have fewer physical plaints, less frequent visits to the doctor, and smaller medical bills.In a word, they are in the most natural conditions of life.2. __________________Planet earth is suffering. In large measure, the great loss of species, destruction of ancient rainforests to create lands where animals can feed on grass, loss of top soils, and the increase of water impurities(杂质) and air pollution have a mon cause which is the single fact of meat in the human diet. No single decision that we can make as individuals or as a race can have such a dramatic effect on the improvement of our planetary ecology(生态) as the decision not to eat meat. Many seeking to save the planet for future generations have made this decision for this reason and this reason alone.3.The economic reasonThe simple fact is that to produce 1 kilogram of meat, it requires over 16 kilograms of grain and much more water. Millions of animals are bred for meat production. If they were not bred, the vegetation would be used to feed people. And more people in hunger would have their food.56. Vegetarians prefer to live on vegetables for the reasons EXCEPT that _______.A. vegetables are easier to digestB. they provide more kinds of nutrientsC. vegetables are cleaner than meatD. the body will have fewer burdens57. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passageA. Vegetarians will spend no money on medical care.B. Vegetarians have more children in their life.C. Vegetarians are usually thinner.D. Vegetarians can save the planet for future generations.58. What might be the proper title for the second partA. The ecological reason.B. The pollutant reason.C. The plant reason.D. The generation reason.59. Which of the following might the writer agreeA. Fewer animals should be bred to produce more grain for people.B. Animals shouldn’t be raised.C. We should save animals.D. Living on vegetables can solve the problem of hunger.60. If people live on vegetables, which of the following may NOT be affected by itA. Species of animals.B. Air quality.C. People’s health.D. Grain quality( B )Frank Woolworth was born in Rodman, New York., in 1852. His family were very poor farmers, and there was never enough to eat. Frank decided he did not want to be farmer. He took a short business course, and went to work as a salesman in a large city.Woolworth realized he had a natural skill for showing goods to attract people’s interest, but he soon learned something more important. One day his boss told him to sell some odds and ends (小商品 ) for as much as he could get. Frank put all these things on one table with a sign which said FIVE CENTS EACH. People fought and pushed to buy the things and the table was soon cleared.Soon afterwards, Woolworth opened his own store., selling goods at five and ten cents. But he had another lesson to learn before he became successful. That is, if you want to make money by selling low-price goods, you have to buy them in large quantities directly from the factories. Once, for example, Woolworth went to Germany and placedan order for knives. The order was so large that the factory had to keep running 24 hours a day for a whole year. In this way, the price of the knives was cut down by half.By 1919, Woolworth had over 1000 stores in the US and Canada, and opened his first store in London. He made many millions and his name became famous throughout the world. He always run his business according to strict rules, of which the most important was: “ THE CUSTOMER IS ALWAYS RIGHT.”61. Frank took a short business course in order to ____________.A. earn more money for his familyB. learn something from a salesmanC. get away from the farmD. get enough to eat.62. Frank sold the odds and ends quickly because _____________.A. he knew how to get people to buy his goods.B. he cut down the price by halfC. he had put the goods on a table in a very nice way.D. the sign he put on the table was well designed.63. The price of the knives was cut down by half because ______________.A. the factory workers worked 24 hours a day.B. knives were ordered in large quantities directly from the factory.C. the knives were made in Germany, where labour (劳动力) was cheap.D. the knives were produced in one factory.64. _____________ make Woolworth a world-famous man.A. His business skills and his wealth.B. The low price of the goods he sold.C. His trip to Germany and his huge order of knives.D. His natural skill for showing things.65. The belief that : “ The customer is always right” suggests that_______________.A. whenever there is a quarrel between the customer and shopassistant, the customers are always right.B. If you want to succeed, the rule is the only way.C. stores must always follow the customer’s orders if they wantto make more money.D. stores should do their best to meet the customer’s needs if theywant to be successful.( C )About ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way. Women are luckier; only about one in two hundred is affected in this matter. Perhaps, after all, it is safer to be driven by a woman!There are different forms of color blindness. In some cases a man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shadows of green. Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green － a strange world indeed.Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions of very small things called “cones”. These help us to see in a bright light and to tell difference between colors. There are also millions of “rods”, but these are used for seeing when it is near dark. They show us shape but no color.Some insects have favorite colors. Mosquitoes prefer blue to yellow.A red light will not attract insects, but a blue lamp will. In a similar way human beings also have favorite colors. Yet we are lucky. With the aid of the cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colors by day, and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night. One day we may even learn more about the invisible colors around us.66. The passage is mainly about _____________.A. color and its surprising effects.B. women being luckier than menC. danger caused by color blindnessD. color blindness67. According to the passage, with the help of the “cones”, we can_______________.A. tell different shapesB. see in a weak lightC. kill mosquitoesD. tell orange from yellow68. Why do some people say it is safer to be driven by womenA. Women are more careful.B. There are fewer color-blind womenC. Women are fonder of driving than men.D. Women are weaker but quicker in thinking.69. Which of the statements about the color- blind is trueA. Not all of them have the same problem in recognizing color.B. None of them can see deep red.C. None of them can tell the difference between blue and green.D. All of them see everything in shades of green.70. We can attract and kill mosquitoes by using a _____________.A. red lightB. yellow lightC. blue lightD. green light( D )Rome had the Forum (论坛). London has Speaker’s Corner. Now always-on-the-go New Yorkers have Liz and Bill.Liz and Bill, two college graduates in their early 20s, have spent a whole year trying to have thousands of people talk to them in subway stations and on busy street ers. And just talk.Using a 2-foot-tall sign that says, “ Talk to Me,” they attract conversationalists, who one evening included a mental patient, and men in business suits.They don’t collect money. They don’t push religion (宗教). So what’s the point“ To see what happens,” said Liz. “ We simply enjoy life with open talk.”Shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks, they decided to walk from New York City to Washington, a 270-mile trip. They found they loved talking to people along the way and wanted to continue talking with strangers after their return.“ It started as a crazy idea.” Liz said. “ We were so curious about all the strangers walking by with their life stories. People will talk to us about anything: their job, their clothes, their childhood experiences, anything.”Denise wanted to talk about an exam she was about to take. She had stopped by for the second time in two days, to let the two listeners know how it went.Marcia had led her husband to a serious disease. “That was very heavy on my mind.” Marcia said. “ To be able to talk about it to total strangers was very good,” she explained.To celebrate a year of talking, the two held a get-together in a city park for all the people they had met over the past year. A few hundred people appeared, as well as some television cameramen and reporters.They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to join their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something the two say they’ll consider before making a decision. 71. What did Liz and Bill determined to do after the attack on September 11, 2001A. Telling stories to strangers.B. Setting up street signs.C. Talking with peopleD. Organizing a speaker’s party.72. What they have been doing can be described as ____________.A. pointless (无意义的)B. normal（正常的）C. crazyD. successful73. Why are Denise and Marcia mentioned in the textA. They knew Liz and Bill very well.B. They happened to meet the writer of the text.C. They organized the get-together in the city park.D. They are examples of those who talked to Liz and Bill.74. What will Liz and Bill do in the futureA. Go in for publishingB. Do more television programs.C. Continue what they are doingD. Spend more time reading books.75. How do they like the idea of writing a bookA. They have decided to wait a year or two.B. They will think about it carefullyC. They agreed immediatelyD. They find it hard to do that.第II卷（共45分）请将第II卷答案写在答题纸上第一节词汇填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）76.She was really u_____ about the way her father treated her.77. He changed so much that I didn’t r________ him at first .78.The city was pletely d________ by the earthquake.79. Finally they were p__________(说服) to cycle around China.80.What are the ___________ (品质)you should find in a great person81. She thinks only of herself，she never other people.她仅仅考虑她自己，从来不关心他人。
高一政治必修一期中考试知识点[1]
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高一政治必修一期中考试知识点[1]高一政治复习清单（使用说明：1.这个清单很有用，但不是秘籍，真正的秘籍是大家的努力和坚持！！2.主观题认真、仔细背；客观题、易混易错点是针对选择题的，重在理解。
第一单元生活与消费1.1揭开货币的神秘面纱[客观题]1、商品的含义及其基本属性★商品：用于交换的劳动产品。
基本属性：使用价值和价值。
⑴使用价值：能够满足人们某种需要的属性。
（商品的自然属性，具有多样性，所有物品都具有。
⑵价值：凝结在商品中的无差别的人类劳动。
（商品的社会属性，只有商品才具有，只有通过交换才能实现。
）2、货币的含义、本质及职能★⑴货币：是从商品世界中分离出来固定地充当一般等价物的商品。
货币的本质是一般等价物。
⑵一般等价物：是大家普遍乐意接受的商品，它表现其他一切商品的价值，充当商品交换的媒介。
⑶货币的基本职能:价值尺度、流通手段。
①价值尺度：货币所具有的表现和衡量其他一切商品价值大小的职能（注：价值尺度不需要现实的货币，只是观念的货币）。
②流通手段：货币充当商品交换媒介的职能，叫作流通手段。
（注：流通手段需要现实的货币；是一手交钱，一手交货，买卖同时进行，没有时间差）。
货币的其他职能：①贮藏手段（被当作社会财富的一般代表保存起来，必须是“足值的金银”）；②支付手段(在赊帐买卖中，货币被用来偿还债务，支付地租、利息、税款、工资等；买卖不同时进行，有时间差）；③世界货币（作为社会财富的代表在国与国之间转移。
一些国家的纸币也会具有世界货币的职能）。
3、纸币（货币）的供应（发行）规律★货币供应规律：货币的供应量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度。
（货币的供应量=待售商品数量×商品价格水平/货币流通速度（次数）=商品价格总额/货币流通速度）[易错易混点]1.人们选择商品是关注商品的有用性。
（错误）（关注性价比，即使用价值和价值的统一体）2.货币天生是金银，但金银天生不是货币。
作为一般等价物，金银和贝壳的本质是相同的3.纸币的发行、面值或面额由国家决定，纸币的购买力由市场决定。
高一必修一期中必考知识点
高一必修一期中必考知识点一、作文写作技巧1. 文章结构：引出背景→提出问题或主题→展开论述→得出结论或总结观点。
2. 用词准确：选择恰当的词汇，注重词语的准确性和丰富性。
3. 句子结构：多样化句子结构，注意使用简单句、并列句、复合句等。
4. 表达流畅：注意句子之间的过渡，使文章更加流畅。
二、语法知识点1. 时态和语态：正确使用各种时态和语态，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
2. 名词、动词、形容词：掌握名词、动词和形容词的词义和用法。
3. 介词和介词短语：正确运用介词及其短语，理解介词的基本意义和使用范围。
4. 从句的引导词：了解从句的引导词，包括宾语从句、主语从句、定语从句等。
三、阅读技巧1. 理解语境：根据文章上下文和语境推测词义，提高阅读理解能力。
2. 预测推断：通过文章标题、插图和第一段的内容，预测或推断文章的主要内容。
3. 主旨概括：能够准确概括文章的主旨，掌握主题句的判断方法。
4. 精炼归纳：善于提取文章的关键信息，进行归纳总结。
四、词汇积累1. 核心词汇：复习并扩大词汇量，加强对高频词汇和常用短语的掌握。
2. 同义词替换：学会使用同义词替换，提高表达的准确性和多样性。
3. 词形转换：掌握词性和词形的转换规则，能够灵活运用。
五、阅读材料及练习1. 经典文学作品：通读一些经典的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌和散文等，提高综合阅读能力。
2. 新闻报道：关注时事新闻，阅读新闻报道，了解社会热点和时事动态。
3. 阅读理解练习：做大量的阅读理解练习，提高阅读理解和解题技巧。
六、写作练习1. 日记和文章：进行日记和文章写作练习，记录自己的所思所感，并加以归纳总结。
2. 修改润色：对写作练习中的作文进行修改和润色，提高自己的写作水平。
七、语言环境1. 听力训练：进行听力训练，提高对英语语音和语调的理解和模仿能力。
2. 口语表达：多参与口语交流，提升口语表达能力和语言流利度。
3. 阅读英文原著：尝试阅读英文原著，扩大语言视野和阅读广度。
必修一期中复习知识点大全
Review target1.English culture: Singles' Day2.Review the highlight words and phrases in the text book.3.ExerciseTeaching difficult pointsReview the highlight words and phrases in the text book.4.Teaching important points :Exercise1. Warm up happy Singles‟ Day一．English culture Singles' DaySingles Day was first celebrated at various universities in Nanjing, capital city of Jiangsu Province during the 1990s. It got the name Singles Day because the date is comprised of four "ones".These college students have since graduated, and carried their university tradition into society. Singles Day is now a special day for all fashionable youths.1.1——small Singles Day 1.11 and 11.1——medium Singles Day.11.11.——big Singles Day 2011.11.11——God Singles Day.Singles boys——“光光”, singles girls——“明明”couples——“双双”.Single boy saying goodbye to their single lives——“脱光”Single girl saying goodbye to their single lives——“失明”.People lost love, we call them “光复”.二．课文单词填写Module 1 My First Day at Senior HighMy Name is Li Kang. I live in Shijiazhuang, a city ____ _____ _______ Beijing. It is ____ _____ _____ _____ Hebei Province. Today is my first day at ______ ________school and I'm _______ _____ my _______ about it.My new school is very good and I can see why. The teachers are very ________ and __________ and the classrooms are __________. Every room has a computer _______ a special screen, almost ______ _____ ______a cinema screen. The teachers write on the computer, and their words _______ _____ the screen behind them. The screens also show photographs, text and information from websites. They're ________!The English class is really interesting. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman ______ Ms Shen. We're using a new textbook and Ms Shen's ________ _______teaching is ________ ______ _________of the teachers at my ______ _______ school. She thinks that reading comprehension is important, but we speak a lot in class, too. And we have fun. I don't think I will __________ __________ ___________Ms Shen's class!Today we introduced ourselves to each other. We did this in groups. Some students ___________ _________ at first but everyone was very friendly and it was really nice. Ms Shen gave us ____________ and then we _______ _______ ourselves.Ms Shen _________ ________ help us ________ our ________ and __________. We do this in a fun way, with spelling games and other __________. I like her __________ very much, and _________ _______ __________the other students _______ _______they like her, too.There are sixty-five students in my class more than my _________ class in Junior High. Forty-nine of them are girls. _________ _____ ________, there are ______ ______ _______ _____ _______ _______boys.They say that girls are usually ________ _______ ______ boys, but in this class, everyone is hard-working. For our homework tonight, we have to write a ________ of the street where we live. I'm __________ _______________ doing it!not far from,the capital city of, Senior High,writing down,thoughts, enthusiastic ,friendly, amazing,with, as big as ,appear on, brilliant, called,method of ,nothing like that ,Junior High,be bored inwere embarrassed, instructions,worked by wants to,improve, spelling, handwriting ,activities, attitude, the behaviour of, shows that previous, In other words, three times as many girls as , more hard-working than, description,looking forward to___________________换句话说，也就是说___________________盼望，期待；预期__________________ 在...开始的时候____________________在...结束的时候___________________上大学____________________被（划）分成... _______________________参加in other words , look forward to, at the start of, at the end of, go to college, be divided into, take part inModule 2They say that first _________ are very important. My first ________ of Mrs Li was that she was nervous and shy. I think perhaps she was, ______ it was her first lesson with us. But now, after two weeks, the class really likes __________ __________her. She's kind and patient, and she ______ English grammar so clearly that ______ I can understand it! She avoids _______ you feel stupid! I've always hated ________ _________or ____________ a word ________ when I speak English, but Mrs Li just smiles, _______ _______ you don't feel __________ stupid! I think maybe she goes ______ ______too slowly for the faster students, but for me it's wonderful! I feel I____ _____ _______ _______ _______ _______ her.I'd guess that Mrs Chen is almost sixty. She's very ______—we don't _____ _____ say a word unless she asks us to. She's also very ______ and doesn't smile much. When she asks you to do something, you do it _____________!There are a few students in our class _____ ______ _______ to class late but they're always _____ _____ for Mrs Chen's lessons! Some of our class don't like her, but most of us really _______ her because her teaching is so _______ ______ and clear. And a few students ______ _______ ______ her! During __________ experiments, she _______ _______ what is happening and _______ _____ ______ my work is improving. Physics will never be my favourite lesson, but I think that I'll ______ _______ ______the exam with Mrs Chen teaching me.Mr Wu's only ______ ________us for two weeks and he's already very popular. I think this is because he really enjoys teaching Chinese _______ —he loves it, _______ ______! He's got so much ______, this is one class you do not _______ ______ ____! He's about 28, I think, and is rather ___________. He talks loudly and fast, and _______ his hands about a lot when he _______ __________. He's really amusing and _______ _____ when he thinks we're __________ ________. Even things like _________and _______ are fun with Mr Wu. I _______ him a lot.impressions ,impression, as, working with, explains, even , making, making mistakes, pronouncing, so that incorrectly, completely, a bit , am going to, make progress with strict, dare to, serious, immediately who keep coming, on time, appreciate,well organised, even admit liking, scientific, explains exactly, as a result do well in been teaching , literature, in fact, energy, fall asleep in, good-looking, waves, gets excited, tells jokes, getting bored, compositions , summaries, respect______________ 确定，确信，查明，弄清楚________________ 因此____________ 取得进步____________ 结果____________ 事实上，实际上____________ 睡着____________讲笑话；开玩笑make sure, so that,make progress, as a result,in fact, fall asleep, tell jokesModule 3 My first ride on a trainMy name is Alice Thompson. I come from Sydney, Australia and I'm 18 years old. Recently I had my first ride on a ____________ ___________ train. And _______ _______ ________! A friend and I _________ ______the famous Ghan train. We _____ ___ in Sydney and we ______ _____in Alice Springs, right_______ _________ ____ Australia, more than four thousand kilometers away. We ______ two days and nights _____ the train.The train was wonderful and the food was great. We ate ______ meals cooked by experts! For the first few hundred kilometers of the journey, the ______ was very colorful. There were fields and the soil was _____ red. ______ ______, it was desert. The sun _____, there was no wind and there were no clouds in the sky. Suddenly, it looked like a place from ______ ______. We saw _______ _____ which were built more than a hundred years ago.The train was comfortable and the people were nice. During the day, I sat and ______ ______ ________ the window, and sometimes talked to other passengers. I read books and ______ _______ my Chinese _______(I'm studying Chinese at school). One night, at about midnight, I watched the night sky for about an hour. The stars shone like ________.Why is the train called the Ghan? ______ ______ ______ ______ , Australians needed a way to travel to _______ ________ ___the country. They tried riding horses, but the horses didn't like the hot weather and sand.A hundred and fifty years ago, they brought some camels from Afghanistan. Ghan _____ ______ ____ Afghanistan.Camels were much better than horses for travelling ____ _______ _______. For many years, trained camels carried food and other _______ , and _________ ______wool and other products.The Afghans and their camels did this _____ the ______. Then the government built a new ______ ________, so they did _____ need the camels ________ ________. In 1925, they passed _____ ____ which allowed people to______ the animals if they ______ ______ _____. In 1935, the police in a town shot 153 camels in one day.long-distance,what a ride, travelled on, got on, got off , in the middle of ,spent,on great, scenery, dark , After that, shone, another time, abandoned farms, looked out of, listened to,cassettes, diamondsA long time ago, the middle of , is short for , a long distance, supplies, returned with,Until, 1920s, railway line, not ,any more ,a law, shoot, were a problem,____________________ 上(车、船等) __________________ 下(车、船等)________________ 上(车) ____________________下(车)__________________（飞机）起飞____________________是...的缩写/简称_________________________ 不再___________________ 过时__________________指的是get on, get off, get into,get out of, take off, be short for , not...any more,out of date,refer toModule 4 Social Survey-My NeighbourhoodIt's _____ ______ see you! It's been six years _____ we last saw each other, you know. 见到你真是太好了！要知道，我们6 年没见面了。
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
• (1)图中[B]________的基本 • 组成单位是____。构成细胞 • 膜基本支架的结构是[ ]____。 动物细胞吸水膨胀时，D的厚 • 度变小，说明D具有______ • (2)与细胞膜的识别功能有关 • 的结构是[ ]________。 (3)吞噬细胞吞噬病菌的过程体现了细胞膜具有________ 性，这是因为________________。 (4)不同细胞细胞膜的生理功能不同，主要取决于细胞膜 上的哪些结构？________(填写标号)。 (5)细胞膜的外侧是______(填“M”或“N”)侧，判断的依 据是___________________。 (6)细胞膜的这种结构模型被称为________。 （7）该结构对细胞的生命活动至关重要的特性是_____
甲、乙两图是渗透装置示意图，丙图是根毛细胞示意图， 请根据甲、乙、丙三图回答下列问题：(甲图是发生渗透 作用的初始状态。乙图是发生了较长时间的渗透作用之 后，漏斗内外的水分子达到平衡时的状态。甲图中①为 清水，②为30%的蔗糖溶液)
• (1)典型的渗透装置必须具备两个条件：A________(指明 甲图中相应部位)；B____________。 (2)比较甲图中①和②处溶液浓度的大小： __________________。 (3)丙图中⑦的名称为____，甲图中的③相当于丙图中的 _____，它与丙图中相应结构的区别是________。 (4)若把根毛细胞放人30%的蔗糖溶液中，它将出现____ 现象，再放入清水中，它又出现_________现象。 (5)若把根毛细胞放入90%的蔗糖溶液中，它会出现什么 变化?___________。过一段时间再将其放入清水中，此 时根毛细胞与上题中放入清水中的变化一样吗？ _________。为什么？_______________。 (6)盐碱地中的植物常出现萎蔫现象，其原因是 ________________________。
• •
• (11) 不具有膜结构的细胞器是[ ] 和[ ] 。 • （12）如果B图为洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞，则一定没有的细 胞器是[ ]_____ __________，使洋葱呈现紫色的色素存 在于细胞的[ ] ______ _________。 （13）如果图A是能分泌抗体的细胞，则抗体的合成需先 后经过哪些结构______________________（此空填图 中标号），此过程还需要[ ] ___________提供能量。 （14）蓝藻和细菌也同样具有的细胞器是[ ]______ 。 （15）有双层膜的结构但又不属于细胞器的是____ 。与 核糖体形成有关的结构是[ ]______ 。 [ ]______ 是实 现核质之间物质交换和信息交流的通道 • (16)12的组成成分为___________和____________，能 被___________染料染成深色。 • （17）AB 细胞 与细菌细胞最大的区别是__________ • (18) 动植物细胞都有但功能不同的细胞器是[ ] 。 • (19)如果将 细胞放入30％的蔗糖溶液中，将会出现细胞 壁与[ ]分离的现象，该现象即为 。
⑴．若某细胞含有AB两图中各种细胞器， 则为______ 细胞。 ⑵．提供细胞能量的“动力工厂”为[ ]___ 。 ⑶．与动物细胞分泌物形成有关的结构为[ ]__ 。 (4) 如果B图为大蒜根细胞，则应该没有[ ]____________。 (5) 与动物细胞有丝分裂有关的结构[ ]______________。 （6）把氨基酸组装成蛋白质的场所是〔 〕 ； 通过________方式合成多肽(蛋白质)。 （7）此图示的结构用 显微镜才能观察到。 (8)细胞内表面积最大的膜结构是[ ]________。 (9)细胞核的主要功能是 __________ （10）将A细胞与B细胞放在清水中，A细胞将会发生 __________现象而死亡，B细胞不会出现该现象，其原因是B细 胞具有[ ]___ ________。
（1） （2）脱氧核苷酸的种类有 种 （3） （4） （5） (6)人体的肝细胞核酸中含 有的碱基种类是 (7)核酸是一切生物 的携带者。 （8）艾滋病病毒体内的核苷酸有 种，大肠杆菌体内 的核酸有 种，人体遗传物质的组成基本单位有 种。
• (1)甲、乙两图中属于原核细胞的是_____， 属于真核细胞的是_____。判断的主要依据 为___________。 (2)甲、乙两细胞的统一性表现在______ 。 (3)甲、乙两细胞的差异性表现在______ 。 (4)在生命系统的结构层次中，既属于细胞 层次，又属于个体层次的是_______ 。
• (1)呼吸酶、血红蛋白、胃蛋白酶三种蛋白质中属于分泌 蛋白的是 ________。 • (2)放射性同位素将依次出现在图中的部位是 ________ 。 (填序号) • (3)⑥的分泌蛋白质首先是由附着在[ ] ________上的 [ ] ________ 合成的，此处发生的反应称为 ________， 形成的化学键的结构式为 ________。 • (4)图中②是 __，在细胞内被形象地称为深海中的潜艇。 • (5)分泌蛋白的合成、运输和分泌过程中，需要的能量主 要是由[ ] ________提供的。 • (6)该细胞中含量最多的化合物是 ________，并且结合水 /自由水的比例越 ____ ，新陈代谢越旺盛。 • • （7）细胞作为一个基本的生命系统， • 它的边界是细胞膜，主要由____ • 组成。 • （8）由此可看出，细胞内的生物膜在 • 和 上有一定的连续性。此图说明 。
• 根据下图回答下面的问题：(1)图中反映的是细胞 膜的________功能。 (2)图中甲表示的是_______的细胞，乙表示的是 ________细胞。 (3)图中①表示___________，②表示_______ 细 胞膜上的___ ，其化学本质是__________。 (4)细胞之间除了通过直接接触传递信息外，还可 间接传递信息，如内分泌细胞将___________分 泌出来后，由________运输到全身各处，作用于 远处的靶细胞。 (5)细胞膜除了具备图中所示功能外，还具有 ________和________的功能。