英文资料及中文翻译
英文采访稿(附中文翻译)(完整资料).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】STUDENT NUMBER: A12120272NAME: ShileiCLASS: English 1202Inorder to find out what the life it was in the past in China, I intervewed a grangpa in our shool’s little park, who is at about his 60s.Q(Question):Hello, nice to meet you. Thank you for accepting my interview.A(Answer): Nice to meet you too.Q:Em, you look like about at 60s, right? Would you like to tell me when people mostly used bikes?A:Yeah, I was born in 1953 and I’m 61years old now. Actually, you know China was been named of “The Kingdom of Bicycle” in the past. I remember my grandpa told me that bicycle was introduced in China in the late 19th century. Then in 1960s, 1970s, when I was a young man, bicycle along with sewing machine and watch became the necessary three-major-items of marriage. Bicycle became really popular in the 1980s, it was the most important and most universal vehicle at that moment, the famous brands included “Yong jiu”, “Fenghuang”, “Feige”. The flow of thousands of bicycles during the rush hour was extremly awesome which made China became “The Kingdom of Bicycle”. You might cannot realize that kind of feeling, but you have to know who had a bicycle at that time woule be jealous by others, especially our young guys.Q: But a bicycle must be very expensive at that time, right?A: Certainly! One bicycle costed about 200 yuanat that time while people’s salary just a few dozen yuan. It’s very precious.Q: Em, what about bus? When buses appeared? And how the buses of today compare with the buses when you were young?A: Haerbin’s buses were developed in the 1950s. When I was young , buses in Haerbin were still not widespread, just several bus-lines wereoperated. What’s more, the buses’ environment and situation were not very well when compared with the buses of today.Q: Well, I got it. How life was in your 20s’, 30s’, and 40s’? And every day life how it changed when you grew older?A: In my 20s’ , what I remember most was that you had to take the tickets or certificates to buy all the things you wanted and needed , and the number of those stuff was fixed by government, so you couldn’t buy a lot even you had money. Like the liquor, you had to buy it in state-run stores with certificate. If you wanted more, you might suppose to borrow the certificate from other family which was begrudge to buy the liquor , for the numeber of liquor was limited. And later, the individual business appeared and became more and more, so you could buy anything with money in stores. Since followed the policy of reform and opening, our daily lives became more and more colorful.Q: Do you rememberhow life changed when tall building were built? A：Em...In fact, the tall building didn’t bring much impact on our lives. At the beginning, we might feel shocked or wondering, but later we gradually accustomed to it. You can see, there are tall building everywhere nowadays.Q: What do you miss about the old days and what you do not miss? A: What I miss... May be the simplicity and kindness of those people, besides, at that time, they worked harder and braver. But I enjoy the high life quality of today, comprehensive health care system, varieties of entertainments, convenient public transit, etc. You know, the life in the old days is difficult.A: Yeah, sure it is. Alright then, thank to your narration, I know more details about the life in the old days, thank you!Q：It’s my pleasure!为了了解过去中国的生活是什么样的，我在学校的小公园里采访了一位60多岁的老爷爷。
最新英语短文中英文翻译资料
1.Today my friend and I are taking a walk.suddenly, we are seeing a boy sit on the chair,he is crying,we go and ask him.“what’s the matter with you” he tell us“I can’t find my dog can you help me”.“yes,I can”.And we help him find his dong .oh it stay underthe big tree!今天我和我的朋友一起去散步。
今天我和我的朋友一起去散步。
突然我们看见一个男孩坐在椅子上，突然我们看见一个男孩坐在椅子上，突然我们看见一个男孩坐在椅子上，他哭的很伤心。
他哭的很伤心。
我们走过去问他：“你怎么了”。
他告诉我们：“我的狗不见了，你们能帮我找到它吗”。
“是的，我们能帮你找到你的狗”然后我们帮助他找到了他的狗，原来是它呆在一棵大树下。
然后我们帮助他找到了他的狗，原来是它呆在一棵大树下。
2.One day an old man siselling a big elephant.A young man comes to the elephant and begins to look at it slowly.The old ma begins to look at it slowly.The old man goes up to him and says inhis ear,“Don't say n goes up to him and says inhis ear,“Don't sayanything about the elephant before I sell it,then i'll give you some money.”“All right,”says the young man.After the old man slles the elephant,he gives the young man some money and says,“Now,can you tell me how you find the bad ears of theelephant?”“I don't find the bad ears,”says the young man.“Then why do you look at the elephant slowly?”asks the old man.The young man answers,“Because I never see an elephant before,and I want to know what it looks like.”一天，一个老的男人正在卖一头大象。
英语翻译学习资料(含中英文解释)
例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energyputting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating（操纵）others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved andacting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between beingknowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hidebehind a mask.1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于2.pretence 虚伪，虚假6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners areatrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, Ihave no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest.孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。
英文简历必备-个人资料中英翻译
个人资料name 姓名alias 别名pen name 笔名date of birth 出生日期birth date 出生日期born 出生于birth place 出生地点age 年龄native place 籍贯province 省city 市autonomous region 自治区prefecture 专区county 县nationality 民族，国籍citizenship 国籍duel citizenship 双重国籍address 地址current address 目前地址present address 目前地址permanent address 永久地址postal code 邮政编码home phone 住宅电话office phone 办公电话business phone 办公电话Tel.电话sex 性别male 男female 女height 身高weight 体重marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚single/unmarried 未婚divorced 离异separated 分居number of children 子女人数none 无street 街lane 胡同，巷road 路district 区house number 门牌health 健康状况health condition 健康状况blood type 血型short-sighted 近视far-sighted 远视color-blind 色盲ID card No.身份证号码date of availability 可到职时间available 可到职membership 会员，资格president 会长vice-president 副会长director 理事standing director 常务理事secretary general 秘书长society 学会association 协会research society 研究会教育程度education 学历educational background 教育程度educational history 学历curriculum 课程major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 课程重点部分curriculum included 课程包括specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程courses completed 所学课程special training 特别训练social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业余工作summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 进修课程extracurricular activities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金"Three Goods" student 三好学生excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制academic year 学年semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）president 校长vice-president 副校长dean 院长assistant dean 副院长academic dean 教务长department chairman 系主任professor 教授associate professor 副教授guest professor 客座教授lecturer 讲师teaching assistant助教research fellow 研究员research assistant 助理研究员supervisor 论文导师principal 中学校长（美）headmaster 中学校长（英）master 小学校长（美）dean of studies 教务长dean of students 教导主任dean of students 教导主任teacher 教师probation teacher 代课教师tutor 家庭教师governess 女家庭教师intelligence quotient 智商pass 及格fail 不及格marks 分数grades 分数scores 分数examination 考试grade 年级class 班级monitor 班长vice-monitor副班长commissary in charge of studies 学习委员commissary in charge of entertainment 文娱委员commissary in charge of sports 体育委员commissary in charge of physical labor 劳动委员Party branch secretary 党支部书记League branch secretary 团支部书记commissary in charge of organization 组织委员commissary in charge of publicity 宣传委员degree 学位post doctorate 博士后doctor (Ph.D) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士student 学生graduate student研究生abroad student 留学生returned student 回国留学生foreign student 外国学生undergraduate 大学肄业生senior 大学四年级学生；高中三年级学生Junior 大学三年级学生；高中二年级学生sophomore 大学二年级学生；高中一年级学生freshman 大学一年级学生guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美）government-supported student 公费生commoner 自费生extern 走读生day-student 走读生intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生boarder 寄宿生classmate 同班同学schoolmate 同校同学graduate 毕业生工作经历accomplish 完成（任务等）achievements 工作成就，业绩adapted to 适应于adept in 善于administer 管理advanced worker 先进工作者analyze 分析appointed 被任命的assist 辅助authorized 委任的；核准的be promoted to 被提升为be proposed as 被提名为；被推荐为behave 表现breakthrough 惊人的进展，关键问题的解决break the record 打破记录business background 工作经历business experience 工作经历business history 工作经历conduct 经营，处理control 控制cost 成本；费用create 创造decrease 减少demonstrate 证明，示范design 设计develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，发明direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番duties职责earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用eliminate 消除employment experience工作经历employment record 工作经历employment 工作enlarge 扩大enliven 搞活enrich 使丰富establish 设立（公司等）；使开业；确立evaluation 估价，评价excellent League member 优秀团员excellent Party member 优秀党员execute 实行，实施expand 推广；扩大expedite 加快；促进experience 经历exploit开发（资源，产品）export 出口found 创立generate 产生good at 擅长于guide 指导；操纵implement 完成，实施import 进口improve 改进，提高increase 增加influence 影响initiate 创始，开创innovate 改革，革新inspired 受启发的；受鼓舞的install 安装integrate 使结合；使一体化introduce 采用，引进invent 发明invest 投资job title 职位justified 经证明的；合法化的launch 开办（新企业）lead 领导lengthen 延长lessen 减少（生产成本）level 水平localize 使地方化maintain 保持；维修make 制造manage 管理，经营manufacture 制造mastered 精通的modernize 使现代化motivate 促进，激发negotiate 谈判nominated 被提名的；被任命的occupational history 工作经历operate 操作，开动（机器等），经营（厂矿）organize 组织originate 创始，发明overcome 克服（困难等）participate in 参加perfect 使完善；改善perform 执行，履行plan 计划position 职位professional history 职业经历professional 职业经历profit 利润promote 生产，制造promote 推销（商品）；创立（企业）等provide 提供，供应raise 提高reach 达到realize 实现（目标等）；获得（利润）receive 收到，得到，接受recognize 认清（职责等）recommended 被推荐的；被介绍的reconsolidate 重新巩固；重新整顿reconstruct 重建recorded 记载的recover恢复；弥补rectify 整顿，调整redouble 加倍，倍增reduce 减少，降低（成本等）refine 精练，精制reform 改革regenerate 更新，使更生registered 已注册的regularize 使系统化regulate 控制（费用等）rehandle 重铸；重新处理rehash以新形式处理（旧材料）reinforce 加强reckon计算（成本等）renew 重建，换新renovate 革新；修理repair 修复，修补replace 接替，替换representative 代表，代理人research 调查，研究resolve 解决responsibilities 职责second job 第二职业set 创造（纪录等）settle 解决（问题等）shorten 减低......效能show 显示,表明significant 重要的,有效的simplify 简化,精简solve 解决sort out 清理specific experience 具体经历speed up 加速sponsor 主办spread 传播,扩大standard 标准,规格streamline 把......设计流线型strengthen 加强,巩固study研究succeed 成功supervise 监督,管理supply 供给,满足(需要) systematize 使系统化target 目标,指标test 试验,检验top 头等的,最高的total 总数,总额translate 翻译,转化travel 旅行unify 使成一体,统一use 使用，运用useful 有用的utilize 利用valuable 有价值的vivify 使活跃well-trained 训练有素的work experience 工作经历work history 工作经历work 工作,起作用working model 劳动模范worth 使......钱的,有......价值的个人品质able 有才干的，能干的active 主动的，活跃的adaptable 适应性强的adroit 灵巧的，机敏的aggressive 有进取心的alert 机灵的ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办事仔细的candid 正直的charitable 宽厚的competent 能胜任的confident 有信心的conscientious 认真的，自觉的considerate 体贴的constructive 建设性的contemplative 好沉思的cooperative 有合作精神的creative 富创造力的dashing 有一股子冲劲的，有拼搏精神的dedicated 有奉献精神的devoted 有献身精神的dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的disciplined 守纪律的discreet （在行动，说话等方面）谨慎的dutiful 尽职的dynamic 精悍的earnest 认真的well-educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的enthusiastic 充满热情的expressive 善于表达faithful守信的，忠诚的forceful （性格）坚强的frank 直率的，真诚的friendly 友好的frugal 俭朴的generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的gentle 有礼貌的hard-working 勤劳的hearty 精神饱满的honest 诚实的hospitable 殷勤的humble恭顺的humorous 幽默的impartial 公正的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的initiative 首创精神have an inquiring mind 爱动脑筋intellective 有智力的intelligent 理解力强的inventive 有发明才能的，有创造力的just 正直的kind-hearted 好心的knowledgeable 有见识的learned 精通某门学问的liberal 心胸宽大的logical 条理分明的loyal 忠心耿耿的methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的motivated 目的明确的objective 客观的open-minded 虚心的orderly 守纪律的original 有独创性的painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的practical 实际的precise 一丝不苟的persevering 不屈不挠的punctual 严守时刻的purposeful 意志坚强的qualified 合格的rational 有理性的realistic 实事求是的reasonable 讲道理的reliable 可信赖的responsible 负责的self-conscious 自觉的selfless 无私的sensible 明白事理的sincere 真诚的smart 精明的spirited 生气勃勃的sporting 光明正大的steady 塌实的straightforward 老实的strict 严格的systematic 有系统的strong-willed 意志坚强的sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 稳健的tireless 孜孜不倦的其它内容objective 目标career objective 职业目标employment objective 工作目标position wanted 希望职位job objective 工作目标position applied for 申请职位position sought 谋求职位position desired 希望职位for more specialized work 为更专门的工作for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作责任for wider experience 为扩大工作经验due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满offered a more challenging opportunity 获得的更有挑战性的工作机会sought a better job 找到了更好的工作to look for a more challenging opportunity 找一个更有挑战性的工作机会to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作。
中英文对照翻译文章
中英文对照翻译文章不少英文文章都是带有翻译的，为的就是方便读者在不理解文章的时候能够找到对照的意思。
下面就是店铺给大家整理的中英文对照翻译文章，希望大家喜欢。
中英文对照翻译文章篇1：A Sailor's Christmas Gift一个水手的圣诞礼物William J·Lederer威廉·J·莱德勒Last year at Christmas time my wife，three boys，and I were in France，on our way from Paristo Nice.For five wretched days ererything had gone wrong.Our hotels were“touristtraps”;our rented car broke down;we were all restless and irritable in the crowded car.OnChristmas Eve，when we checked into a dingy hotel in Nice，there was no Christmas spirit inour hearts.去年，在圣诞节期间，我和我的妻子以及我们的三个孩子，从法国踏上由巴黎到尼斯的旅途。
由于接连五天的恶劣天气，旅途上一切很不顺心。
我们下榻的旅馆尽是些敲诈勒索旅客的“陷阱”;我们租用的那辆汽车老是发生故障，在拥挤不堪的车子上大家个个显得烦躁不安。
圣诞节前夕，我们住进了尼斯的一家旅店，这家旅店又脏又暗，我们打心眼里感觉不到丝毫的节日气氛。
It was raining and cold when we went out to eat.We found a drab littlejoint shoddily decoratedfor the holiday.It smelled greasy.Only five tables in the restaurant were occupied.Therewere two German couples，two French families，and an American sailor，by himself.In thecorner a piano player listlessly played Christmas music.我们外出就餐时，天正下着小雨，天气寒冷。
中英文文献以及翻译(化工类)
Foreign material：Chemical Industry1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).Since 1940 the chemical industry has grown at a remarkable rate, although this has slowed significantly in recent years. The lion’s share of this growth has been in the organic chemicals sector due to the development and growth of the petrochemicals area since 1950s. The explosives growth in petrochemicals in the 1960s and 1970s was largely due to the enormous increase in demand for synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyesters and epoxy resins.The chemical industry today is a very diverse sector of manufacturing industry, within which it plays a central role. It makes thousands of different chemicals whichthe general public only usually encounter as end or consumer products. These products are purchased because they have the required properties which make them suitable for some particular application, e.g. a non-stick coating for pans or a weedkiller. Thus chemicals are ultimately sold for the effects that they produce.2. Definition of the Chemical IndustryAt the turn of the century there would have been little difficulty in defining what constituted the chemical industry since only a very limited range of products was manufactured and these were clearly chemicals, e.g., alkali, sulphuric acid. At present, however, many intermediates to products produced, from raw materials like crude oil through (in some cases) many intermediates to products which may be used directly as consumer goods, or readily converted into them. The difficulty cones in deciding at which point in this sequence the particular operation ceases to be part of the chemical industry’s sphere of activities. To consider a specific example to illustrate this dilemma, emulsion paints may contain poly (vinyl chloride) / poly (vinyl acetate). Clearly, synthesis of vinyl chloride (or acetate) and its polymerization are chemical activities. However, if formulation and mixing of the paint, including the polymer, is carried out by a branch of the multinational chemical company which manufactured the ingredients, is this still part of the chemical industry of does it mow belong in the decorating industry?It is therefore apparent that, because of its diversity of operations and close links in many areas with other industries, there is no simple definition of the chemical industry. Instead each official body which collects and publishes statistics on manufacturing industry will have its definition as to which operations are classified as the chemical industry. It is important to bear this in mind when comparing statistical information which is derived from several sources.3. The Need for Chemical IndustryThe chemical industry is concerned with converting raw materials, such as crude oil, firstly into chemical intermediates and then into a tremendous variety of other chemicals. These are then used to produce consumer products, which make our livesmore comfortable or, in some cases such as pharmaceutical produces, help to maintain our well-being or even life itself. At each stage of these operations value is added to the produce and provided this added exceeds the raw material plus processing costs then a profit will be made on the operation. It is the aim of chemical industry to achieve this.It may seem strange in textbook this one to pose the question “do we need a chemical industry?” However trying to answer this question will provide(ⅰ) an indication of the range of the chemical industry’s activities, (ⅱ) its influence on our lives in everyday terms, and (ⅲ) how great is society’s need for a chemical industry. Our approach in answering the question will be to consider the industry’s co ntribution to meeting and satisfying our major needs. What are these? Clearly food (and drink) and health are paramount. Other which we shall consider in their turn are clothing and (briefly) shelter, leisure and transport.(1)Food. The chemical industry makes a major contribution to food production in at least three ways. Firstly, by making available large quantities of artificial fertilizers which are used to replace the elements (mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) which are removed as nutrients by the growing crops during modern intensive farming. Secondly, by manufacturing crop protection chemicals, i.e., pesticides, which markedly reduce the proportion of the crops consumed by pests. Thirdly, by producing veterinary products which protect livestock from disease or cure their infections.(2)Health. We are all aware of the major contribution which the pharmaceutical sector of the industry has made to help keep us all healthy, e.g. by curing bacterial infections with antibiotics, and even extending life itself, e.g. ß–blockers to lower blood pressure.(3)Clothing. The improvement in properties of modern synthetic fibers over the traditional clothing materials (e.g. cotton and wool) has been quite remarkable. Thus shirts, dresses and suits made from polyesters like Terylene and polyamides like Nylon are crease-resistant, machine-washable, and drip-dry or non-iron. They are also cheaper than natural materials.Parallel developments in the discovery of modern synthetic dyes and the technology to “bond” th em to the fiber has resulted in a tremendous increase in the variety of colors available to the fashion designer. Indeed they now span almost every color and hue of the visible spectrum. Indeed if a suitable shade is not available, structural modification of an existing dye to achieve this canreadily be carried out, provided there is a satisfactory market for the product.Other major advances in this sphere have been in color-fastness, i.e., resistance to the dye being washed out when the garment is cleaned.(4)Shelter, leisure and transport. In terms of shelter the contribution of modern synthetic polymers has been substantial. Plastics are tending to replace traditional building materials like wood because they are lighter, maintenance-free (i.e. they are resistant to weathering and do not need painting). Other polymers, e.g. urea-formaldehyde and polyurethanes, are important insulating materials f or reducing heat losses and hence reducing energy usage.Plastics and polymers have made a considerable impact on leisure activities with applications ranging from all-weather artificial surfaces for athletic tracks, football pitches and tennis courts to nylon strings for racquets and items like golf balls and footballs made entirely from synthetic materials.Like wise the chemical industry’s contribution to transport over the years has led to major improvements. Thus development of improved additives like anti-oxidants and viscosity index improves for engine oil has enabled routine servicing intervals to increase from 3000 to 6000 to 12000 miles. Research and development work has also resulted in improved lubricating oils and greases, and better brake fluids. Yet again the contribution of polymers and plastics has been very striking with the proportion of the total automobile derived from these materials—dashboard, steering wheel, seat padding and covering etc.—now exceeding 40%.So it is quite apparent even from a brief look at the chemical industry’s contribution to meeting our major needs that life in the world would be very different without the products of the industry. Indeed the level of a country’s development may be judged by the production level and sophistication of its chemical industry4. Research and Development (R&D) in Chemical IndustriesOne of the main reasons for the rapid growth of the chemical industry in the developed world has been its great commitment to, and investment in research and development (R&D). A typical figure is 5% of sales income, with this figure being almost doubled for the most research intensive sector, pharmaceuticals. It is important to emphasize that we are quoting percentages here not of profits but of sales income, i.e. the total money received, which has to pay for raw materials, overheads, staff salaries, etc. as well. In the past this tremendous investment has paid off well, leading to many useful and valuable products being introduced to the market. Examplesinclude synthetic polymers like nylons and polyesters, and drugs and pesticides. Although the number of new products introduced to the market has declined significantly in recent years, and in times of recession the research department is usually one of the first to suffer cutbacks, the commitment to R&D remains at a very high level.The chemical industry is a very high technology industry which takes full advantage of the latest advances in electronics and engineering. Computers are very widely used for all sorts of applications, from automatic control of chemical plants, to molecular modeling of structures of new compounds, to the control of analytical instruments in the laboratory.Individual manufacturing plants have capacities ranging from just a few tones per year in the fine chemicals area to the real giants in the fertilizer and petrochemical sectors which range up to 500,000 tonnes. The latter requires enormous capital investment, since a single plant of this size can now cost $520 million! This, coupled with the widespread use of automatic control equipment, helps to explain why the chemical industry is capital-rather than labor-intensive.The major chemical companies are truly multinational and operate their sales and marketing activities in most of the countries of the world, and they also have manufacturing units in a number of countries. This international outlook for operations, or globalization, is a growing trend within the chemical industry, with companies expanding their activities either by erecting manufacturing units in other countries or by taking over companies which are already operating there.化学工业1.化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
经典中文英文翻译
经典中文的英译但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。
We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart.独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。
A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。
The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years.二人同心，其利断金。
If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal.富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。
It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate.海内存知己，天涯若比邻。
A bosom friend afar brings distance near.合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。
A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows f rom a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step.祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。
英汉对照全译大全
英汉对照全译大全全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：英汉对照全译是指将英语原文逐字逐句地翻译成中文，以保留原文的语言风格和表达方式，同时也让读者更容易理解原文的含义。
英汉对照全译不仅可以帮助中文读者学习英语，还可以让熟练掌握英语的读者更加深入地理解原文的含义和细节。
下面将为大家制作一份关于【英汉对照全译大全】的文章，通过英汉对照的方式，为大家提供更多学习和阅读的机会。
1. Hello, how are you? 你好，你好吗？2. I’m fine, thank you. 我很好，谢谢你。
3. What’s your name? 你叫什么名字？4. My name is Lisa. 我的名字是丽莎。
6. I am from China. 我来自中国。
8. Yes, I like reading very much. 是的，我非常喜欢读书。
10. My favorite book is "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen. 我最喜欢的书是简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》。
12. I am twenty years old. 我二十岁了。
13. What do you do for a living? 你是做什么工作的？14. I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。
16. I enjoy listening to music and watching movies. 我喜欢听音乐和看电影。
17. Have you ever traveled abroad? 你有没有去过国外旅行？21. Do you have any siblings? 你有兄弟姐妹吗？22. Yes, I have one brother and one sister. 是的，我有一个哥哥和一个妹妹。
23. Are you married? 你结婚了吗？26. I plan to further my education and travel around the world. 我计划继续教育并环游世界。
中英文对照翻译文章
中英文对照翻译文章1The Giving Tree奉献树Once there was a tree…and she loved a little boy. Every day the boy would come and he would gather her leaves and make them into crowns and play king of the forest.He would climb up her trunkand swing from her branches and eat apples. And they would play hide-and-go-seek. And when he was tired, he would sleep in her shade. And the boy loved the tree very much….And the tree washappy.从前有一棵树，她喜欢一个小男孩。
每天男孩都会跑到这棵树下捡落叶，做成王冠，把自已装扮成森林之王。
男孩总是爬上树干，在树枝扛荡秋千，吃树上的苹果，他们还会一起玩捉迷藏的游戏。
男孩累了，就在树荫里睡觉。
小男孩非常喜爱这棵树，大树也十分开心。
But time went by. The boy grew older, and the tree was often alone.但是时光流逝，男孩逐渐长大，大树常常形单影只。
Then one day the boy came to the tree and the tree said."Come, Boy, come and climb up my trunk and swing from my branches and eat my apples and play in my shade and be happy."有一天男孩来到大树旁，大树说:“来吧，孩子，爬到我的树干上，在树枝上荡秋千，吃几个苹果，再到阴凉里玩一会儿，你会开心的!”"I am too big to climb and play." said the boy. "1 want to buy things and have fun. I want some money. Can you give me some money?"“我已经大了，不爱爬树玩儿了，”男孩说，“我想买些东西，想找些乐子。
中英文互译文章
中英文互译文章翻译是在特定社会文化背景下的交流过程,是一种特殊创作。
不少中英文互译的文章对提高读者英语水平有一定的帮助。
下面就是店铺给大家整理的中英文互译文章，希望大家喜欢。
中英文互译文章篇1：On leadership论领导What is leadership?什么是领导?Its qualities are difficult to define. But they are not so difficult to identity.领导应具备什么样的素质，这很难精确的解说，但辨认直陈却也不难。
Leaders don’t force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders getcommitment from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that encouragescreativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.领导者不强制别人与自己协调一致，而是帮助他们跟上。
领导者让别人承担义务，首先自己承担义务，造成一种能鼓励创造的环境，待人诚恳，处事公正。
Leaders demand much of others, but also much of themselves. They are ambitions- not only forthemselves, but also for those who work with them. They seek to attract, retain and developother people to their full abilities.领导者对人要求很多，同时也给人很多。
他们有雄心壮志，不仅为自己，也为和他们一道工作的人。
常用英语词汇以及它们的中文翻译
常用英语词汇以及它们的中文翻译1.Hello -你好2.Goodbye -再见3.Thank you -谢谢4.Sorry -对不起5.Yes -是的6.No -不是7.Please -请8.Hello/Hi -你好/嗨9.How are you? -你好吗？10.Fine -很好11.Good morning -早上好12.Good afternoon -下午好13.Good evening -晚上好14.What's your name? -你叫什么名字？15.My name is... -我的名字是...16.Nice to meet you -很高兴认识你17.See you later -待会儿见18.See you tomorrow -明天见19.Love -爱20.Like -喜欢21.Apple -苹果22.Banana -香蕉23.Orange -橙子24.Book -书25.Pen -钢笔26.Paper -纸27.Map -地图28.Chair -椅子29.Table -桌子30.Sofa -沙发31.Bed -床puter -电脑33.Phone -电话34.Key -钥匙35.Watch -手表36.Car -小汽车37.Bus -公交车38.Train -火车39.Plane -飞机40.Ship -船41.Hat -帽子42.Shoes -鞋子43.Shirt -衬衫44.Pants -裤子45.Coat -外套46.Glasses -眼镜47.Cup -杯子48.Plate -盘子49.Fork -叉子50.Knife -刀51.Spoon -勺子52.Bottle -瓶子53.Umbrella -雨伞54.Hatchet-斧头55.Camera-照相机56.Picture-图片；照片57.Song-歌曲58.Movie-电影59.Game-游戏；比赛ugh-笑；发笑61.Cry-哭泣；喊叫62.Happy-快乐的；幸福的；满意的；乐意的；心甘情愿的。
英文科普短文带中文翻译
近年来，人们对科学普及更加重视，特别是在环境科学和气候变化领域。随着气候变化日益严重的威胁，教育公众关于环境问题的原因和影响变得日益重要。通过使科学信息更加易于获取和有吸引力，可以帮助推动行动，并在我们与环境互动方式上推动积极变革。
In conclusion, science popularization plays a crucial role in educating and inspiring the public, bridging the gap between scientists and the general population, and driving positive change in society. By making scientific knowledge more accessible and understandable, we can empower individuals to make informed decisions and foster a greater appreciation for the incredible advancements that have been made possible through science.
科学普及的首要重要性在于它允许向普通大众传播知识。许多科学发现和进步往往是发表在学术期刊上或在会议上展示，这使得它们对普通人不可见。通过科学普及的努力，复杂的科学概念可以被分解并以易于理解的方式解释，从而使更广泛的受众可以从最新的科学发现中受益。
材料英文翻译
外文资料与中文翻译外文资料：Influence of machining parameters on the machineability of particulate reinforced Al/SiC–MMCAbstract: the paper presents the result of an experimental investigation on the mach inability of silicon carbide particulate aluminum metal matrix composite during turning using a rhombic uncoated carbide tool. The influence of machining parameters, e.g. cutting speed, feed and depth of cut on the cutting force has been investigated. The influence of the length of machining. And cutting time on the tool wear and the influence of various machining parameters, e.g. cutting speed, feed, depth of cut on the surface finish criteria has been analyzed through the various graphical representations. The combined effect of cutting speed and feed on the flank wear has also been investigated. The influence of cutting speed, feed and depth of cut on the tool wears and built up edge is analyzed graphically. The job surface condition and wear of the cutting tool edge for the different sets of experiments have been examined and compared for searching out the suitable cutting condition for effective machining performance during turning of Al/SiC-MMC. Test results show that no built-up edge is formed during machining of Al/SiC-MMC at high speed and low depth of cut. From the test results and different SEM micrographs, suitable range of cutting speed feed and depth of cut can be selected for proper machining of Al/SiC-MMC.Keywords ：Al/SiC-MMC .Cutting force .fixed rhombic tooling .Surface finish .Tool wear.1 IntroductionThere have been tremendous since the Second World War. strides in engineering Metallurgists from the materials and nuclear industries have developed a large range of super alloy and heat resistance materials mnemonics like ceramics and composite materials. With the vast and rapid progress in science and technology, modern industry has introduced a new generation of composite materials having low density and very light weight with high strength, hardness and stiffness to meet the current needs of modern technology and the challenges against liberalization and global competitiveness in market. Despite superior physical and mechanical properties, particulate reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMCs) are not widely used in industry because of their poor machine ability. PRMMCs are extremely difficult to machine effectively using traditional machining processes because of severe tool wear due to the presence of hard SiC reinforced particle in the Al/SiC-metal matrix composite. However, modern industries have developed an increasing demand for machining advanced composite materials like Al/SiC-MMC irrespective of their hardness, toughness, configurationally complexity, microstructure, electrical conductivity, etc., for developing highly sophisticated products so as to achieve various requirements of those products such as wear resistance, low weight, high precision, high speed, etc. Advanced Al/SiC-metal matrix composites are gradually becoming very important materials for their scope of uses in manufacturing industries mainly aerospace, defense and automobile industries. The aluminum alloy reinforced with discontinuous ceramic reinforcements is rapidly replacing conventional materials in various automotive, aerospace and automobile industries:[1]. But Al/SiC-MMC machining is one of the major problems that is preventing its wide spread engineering application[2]. from some early conventional turning tests on Al/SiC-MMCs[3-5].it is found that the tool wear is excessive and surface finish is very poor when carbide tools are used for machining. During machining of Al/SiC-MMC use of coolant increases tool wear and as well as produces very poor surface finish[6]. The hard SiC particles of Al/SiC一MMC, which intermittently come into contact with the cutting tool, act as small cutting edges like those of a grinding wheel on the cutting tool edge which in due course is worn out by abrasion and resulting in formation of poor surface finish during turning[7]. When the Al/SiC-MMC job slides over a hard cutting tool edge during turning it always presents a newly formed surface to the same portion of the cutting edge and consequently due to friction, high temperature and pressure the particles of the Al/SiC-MMC adhere to the cutting tool edge. This way more particles will join up with those already adhering and the so-called built up edge is formed and if this process is continued for some time, it appears like it was nibbled away on the turned surface and produces very poor surface finish during turning.[8]. Hence, cost-effective machining with the genera on of good surface finish on the Al/SiC一MMC jobs during turning operation is a challenge to manufacturingengengineers in practice.In view of these above mentioned machining problems, the main objectives of the paper is to study the influence of different cutting parameters, e.g. cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut on the mache inability characteristics, e.g. cutting forces, surface finish, tool wear and built-up edge formation during the turning of Al/SiC-MMC. The work piece surface condition, tool wear and cutting forces for different sets of experiments have been examined and compared for searching out the suitable cutting condition through highlighting the drawbacks and suggesting appropriate measures to be undertaken during machining performance, which may overcome the machining barriers from A1/SiC一MMC. Suitability of the especially designed uncoated carbide tool is investigated during machining of Al/SiC-MMC for fulfilling various factors related to the mach inability. Test results are analyzed for achieving better machining performance during machining of Al/SiC-MMC.2 Planning for experimentationDiscontinuous particulate reinforced aluminium-SiC metal matrix composite bars of 80 mm in diameter is used for experimentation. Table 1 shows the chemical composition ofA1/SiC一MMC used for the experiments. The physical and mechanical properties of Al/SiC一MMC used for the experimental investigation are listed in Table 2. Figure 1 shows the microstructure of the LM6Mg15SiC-Al-metal matrix composite as caster with average particle size (APS) 0.000023 m. The different sets of experiments were performed using a combination trestle the. Details of the cutting tool used in the experiments and condition of machining are listed in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. The cutting forces (Px and Py) were measured using a Kistler9257B Piezoelectric Dynamometer with a Kistler5501 load amplifier during turning of Al/SiC-MMC The cutting tool wears and built-up edges were measured using a Mitutoyo Shop Microscopewith 30-times magnification and 1um resolution. Machined surfaces were measured by Taylor-Hobson Surtronic3P-type surface roughness measuring instrument. The average value of flank wear was determined from the maximum flank wear and minimum flank wear f91.3 Test results and discussionThe influence of cutting speed on the feed force (Px ) and cutting force (Pz) during turning of Al/SiC一MMC without use of coolant is represented in Fig.2. Experimental results showed that the feed force (Px) in the direction of the tool travel was higher at low cutting speed and comparatively lower at high cutting speed. From the cutting speed verses cutting force components graph, it can be concluded that the cutting force (Pz), i.e. the main force acting in the direction of the cutting velocity vector was higher at low cutting speed as compared to the high cutting speed. From Fig. 2, it can be observed that the cutting force components Px and Pz gradually decrease by increasing cutting speed during turning of Al/SiC-MMC. It is due to the gradual decrease of formation of built-up edge by increasing cutting speed..Figure 3 shows the influence of feed rate on the feed force and cutting force during turning of Al/SiC一MMC without use of coolant. The feed rate verses force components graph shows that the feed force (Px) acting in the direction of tool travel and cutting force (PZ) acting in the direction of the cutting velocity vector increase byincreasing feed rate. From the Fig. 3 it is also observed that the feed force and cutting force both are low at low feed, i.e. 0.14 mm/rev, and both feed force and cutting force are high at high feed, i.e. 1.00 mm/rev.The influence of depth of cut on the feed force and cutting force during turning of Al/SiC一MMC without use of coolant is shown in Fig. 4. From Fig. 4, it is observed that the feed force (Px) and cutting force (Pz) both increase with the increase in depth of cut. The feed force is only 20 N for 0.25 mm depth of cut whereas the feed force is 200 N for 1.5 mm depth of cut. The test results also indicate that the cutting force is 120 N for 0.25 mm depth of cut where the cutting force is 430 N for 1.5 mm depth of cut.Figure 5 shows the influence of depth of cut on the flank wear during turning of A1/SiC一MMC without use of coolant. From Fig. 5, it can be observed that at 0.25 mm depth of cut the flank wear is 0.1 mm but when the depth of cut is doubled to 0.5 mm,it increases to 0.2 mm, i.e. flank wear doubles. Hence, from the figure it can be concluded that the depth of cut is more significant on the tool wear as compared to the feed rate at constant cutting speed condition during machining of Al/SiC一MMC.Figure 6 shows the influence of feed rate on the flank wear at different cuttingspeed during turning of the Al/SiC-MMC without use of coolant. At 60 m/min, where the feed is tripled from 0.25 mm/rev to 0.75 mm/rev, the flank wear increases marginally from 0.12 mm to 0.20 mm whereas for the same change of feed rate, when cutting speed is tripled, i.e. from 60 m/min to 180 m/min, the flank wear goes up from 0.17 mm to 0.52 mm. It is evident that cutting speeds are less susceptible to the flank wear as compared to feed rate, hence, it is better to increase the feed rates rather than increase the cutting speeds during machining of A1/SiC一MMC. From the figure it can be concluded that when feed rate is tripled the flank wear goes up 1.5 times whereas when cutting speed is tripled the flank wear goes up to 3 times at constant depth of cut and for same length of continuous turning. Hence an increment of feed rate is recommended rather than increment of cutting speed for the cost effective machining of Al/SiC-MMC. From the experimental results it can be observed that when feed rate is doubled i.e. from 0.25 to 0.5 mm/rev the flank wear goes up only 1.3 times, i.e. from 0.15 to 0.20 mm at constant 100 m/min cutting speed, 0.5 mm depth of cut and for 50 mm continuous length of turning.Figure 7 shows the influence of cutting speed on surface roughness characteristics, i.e. Ra and Rt during turning ofA1/SiC一MMC without use of coolant. The test results show that the value of both surface roughness heights Ra and Rt are low at high cutting speed and comparatively high at low cutting speed. Some times during turning, it is observed that the value of surface roughness height (Rt) is abruptly higher than the trend value. The abrupt irregularity in the values of surface roughness heights may be due to presence of a hard abrasive reinforced particle, i.e. SiC, which rolls over the machined surface during turning and pouching on the turned surface and may generate grooves on the machined surface.The influence of feed rate on surface roughness heights Ra and Rt during machining of Al/SiC-MMC without use of coolant is also represented in Fig. 8. Experimental results show that both the surface roughness heights Ra and Rt increase by increasing feed rate. From the test results it can be concluded that when feed rate is tripled, i.e. from 0.25 mm/rev to 0.75 mm/rev the value of surface roughness height Ra increases by 40% whereas when cutting speed is tripled, i.e. from 60 m/min to 180 m/min the value of surface roughness height Ra decreases by 46%. Hence, it indicates that the cutting speed and feed rate have equal influence on the surface finish if both are increased simultaneously.Figure 9 shows the influence of depth of cut on the surface roughness heights Ra and Rt during machining of Al/SiC一MMC without use of coolant. From the depth of cut verses surface finish graph, it can be observed that the increase of depth of cut decreases the quality of surface finish. The arithmetic average roughness height Ra (},m) and maximum peak to valley of surface roughness height Rt (},m) both increases with increasing depth of cut.Figure 10 shows the influence of feed rate on the formation of built-up edge (BUE) at different cutting speed during turning of A1/SiC一MMC without use of coolant. From the figure it can be observed that the BUE decreases by increasing cutting speed and feed rate. Experimental results revealed the fact that when cutting speed is tripled the height of the BUE decreases by 3 times compared to its value at low speed range and when the feed rate is tripled the height of the BUE decreases 1.4 times compared to its value at low feed rate.Figure 11 a-c show the shapes of the built-up edges during turning using special geometrically designed rhombic-shaped uncoated tungsten carbide inserts. The SEM micrograph Fig. l la shows the shapes of the BUE at lower cutting speed and feed rate (i.e. 20 m/min and 0.14 mm/rev) with 0.5 mm depthof cut and for 50 mm length of continuous turning; the height of the BUE is 1.10 mm. The SEM micrograph in Fig. 11 b shows the shapes of the BUE at medium cutting speed and feed (i.e.100 m/min and 0.50 mm/rev) with 1 mm depth of cut and for 50 mm length of continuous turning. The height of the BUE is 0.95 mm. The SEM micrograph in Fig. l lc shows the shape of the BUE at low cutting speed and lower feed rate (i.e. 40 m/min and 0.14 mm/rev) with moderate depth of cut and for 50 mm length of continuous turning. The height of the BUE is 1 mm. It is observed from the micrograph that the chance of formation of BUE is higher at lower cutting speed, feed and higher depth of cut.The experimental results revel that the selection of higher cutting speeds duringmachining may cause faster tool wear as compared to the higher cutting feeds. But this does not mean that the machining should be performed at low cutting speeds. Again, as cutting speed increases, the cutting force decreases and cutting edges of tool material may break due to the high cutting force during turning at low speed range. Again, at higher cutting speeds, say 180 m/min, 225 m/min, etc., the cutting edge temperature will be very high due to the higher cutting speed which will lead to the rapid deformation of the cutting tool edge. Therefore, cutting speed range in between 60 m/min to 150 m/min is ideal and recommended for machining operation with uncoated carbide insert where cutting forces are more or less independent on cutting speed during turning of Al/SiC一MMC.Due to the high friction and temperature between the aluminum chip matrix and the cutting tool, the chip metal welds itself to the cutting tool edge. The welded chip material further increases the friction and the friction again leads to build up the localized layer upon layer and so called built up edge is formed during turning of Al/SiC-MMC. Generally, the built-up edge is formed between the chip and the rake face of the cutting tool edge. It changes the actual rake angle, which may change the direction of chip flow. The change of actual rake angle changes the shear angle, which may directly affect the cutting force. Generally, formation of built-up edge increases actual rake angle and consequently decreases the cutting force. Where as during turn of Al/SiC一MMC, it has been observed that the built-up edge was formed at low speed and generated higher cutting force (PZ). It occurs due to the presence of harder reinforced SiC particles in the Al/SiC-MMC, which are not part of cutting at low speed by the action of the cutting tool edge. Its rolls over the cutting tool edge and plough over the machined surface, which may cause of creation of high cutting force. It is another cause of adhesive tool wear andformation of poor surface finish during turning of Al/SiC-MMC.During turning of Al/SiC-MMC, it may also be observed that when the hard SiC particle of particulate aluminum rein- forced SiC metal matrix composite come into sliding contact with the cutting tool edge, the temperature at their interface is high. If it is continuous, the condition may become right for liberation of an atom from the harder metal to diffuse into the softer Al-matrix and join together with the hard reinforced SiC particles and thereby increase the hardness and abrasiveness of the work piece minimum matrix may also defuse into the harder cutting tool and weakening the sharp edge of the cutting tool. Hence, the cutting edge of the tool is torn or sheared off and carried away with the chip during turning. It is another cause of cutting tool failure due to the diffusion wear. During steady wear phase, flank wear is caused by abrasion, whereas during the rapid wear phase, it is caused by diffusion. It can also be observed that the presence of SiC particle in the particulate aluminum metal matrix composite produced semi-continuous types of chips. The formation of discontinuous chips involve the initiation of macro cracks on the free surface of the chips results in bend formation which in turn pulled out the SiC particles causes formation of small voids on the machined surface during machining. This is also one of the causes for producing poor surface finish during machining of Al/SiC-MMC.During continuous turning of Al/SiC-MMC, sometimes it may be observed that the magnitude of the cutting force (PZ) acting in the direction of cutting velocity vector is fluctuating to the maximum largest value, which may create mechanical impact. The mechanical impact may be caused by the harder reinforced SiC particles present in the work piece. Fluctuation of cutting force with sufficient large magnitude may deform the cutting edge of the tool and may damage the cuttingtool sharp edge in. Consequently, the contrary atoms from the softer alum- the form of small chips during machining of Al/SiC-MMC is another cause of flank wear.4 ConclusionsBased on the performance and test results of the various set of experiments performed for analyzing the influence of different machining parameters on the machine ability of Al/SiC-MMC utilizing fixed rhombic tooling, i.e. CCGX-09-T3-04 Al-H 10 type inserts during turning of Al/SiC-MMC without use of coolant, the following points can be made: (i) The flank wear rate is high at low cutting speed due to the generation of high cutting forces and formation of built-up edge during machining of Al/SiC一MMC. Again, when material is machining at high cutting speed, the cutting edge temperature is very high, which will also lead to rapid deformation of the cutting tool edge and in turn causes of rapid tool wear. Hence cutting speed zone between 60 m/min to 150 m/min is recommended for machining of Al/SiC-MMC, where cutting forces are more or less independent of cutting speed.(ii) From the combined effect of speed and feed on the flank wear, it can beconcluded that the feed is less sensitive to the flank wear as compared to the cutting speed. Hence, increment of feed rate is recommended rather than increment of the cutting speed for achieving higher metal removal rate at low cost during machining of Al/SiC-MMC.(iii) The cutting speed, feed and depth of cut are having equal influence on the surface roughness characteristics, i.e. Ra and Rt. High speed, low feed rate and low depth of cut are recommended for achieving better surface finish during turning of A1/SiC一MMC using CCGX-09-T3-04-A1-H 10 type insert.(iv) The generation of built-up edge during machining of A1/SiC一MMC at low cutting speed increase the actual rake angle and it is found to correlate with the increment of cutting forces, which may in turn increase the cutting tool wear.Effective machining of Al/SiC-MMC is a challenge to the manufacturing industries, which mainly restricts the wide spread application of this advance metal matrix composite in practice. The fixed rhombic tooling of CCGX-09-T3-04-A1-H10 type insert can be effectively used for proper machining of 1/SiC一MMC. The practical research analysis and test results on the machine ability of Al/SiC-MMC will provide effective guide lines to the present day manufacturing engineers. Through various highlights, the drawbacks and merits of the influence of different process parameters for achieving suitable control over the machining performance and accuracy criteria can be well understood. The research work findings will also provide useful economic machining solution by utilizing fixed rhombic tooling during processing of Al/SiC-MMC, which is otherwise usually machined by costly Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) tools. During processing of Al/SiC-MMC, which is otherwise usually中文翻译：加工参数对颗粒增强金属碳化硅铝基复合材料切削性能的影响摘要本文介绍了碳硅化合颗粒铝基复合材料切削性的试验研究结果，在车削过程中使用菱形未涂层碳化物刀具。
个人简介中文及英文翻译
个人简介中文及英文翻译中英文版的简历对于求职者来说尤其重要，那么中英文的简历应该怎么写呢?下面由为你提供的个人简介中文及英文翻译，希望能帮到你。
个人简介中文及英文翻译(一)Personal informationxuexilaGender:At present, guangzhou age: 21Account: shaoguan nationality: ChinaMarital status: single national: hanIntegrity badges: did not apply for height: 165 cmMeasurement of the talent assessment: no body weight: 54 kgobjectiveTalent type: studentsPosition: / import and export of foreign trade specialist/assistant, operationsWorking lives: 0 title:Job type: internships can date: one monthSalary: 1500-2000 work area of hope: tianhe district, the nansha district, panyu districtWork experienceGuangzhou panyu district puddle motor factory start-stop years old: the 2012-07 ~ 2012-08Properties: sino-foreign joint venture company by sector: in other industriesPosition: the inspectorJob description: mainly engaged in product quality inspection, study the management of enterprisesLeaving reason: to go to schoolSchool: guangzhou east business schoolHighest degree: bachelor's degree: bachelor's degree Graduation date: in 2014-06A special industry, international economy and trade specialized industry 2: marketingThe starting time Termination of the years In the school (institution) for professional certificate certificate number 2012-02 - guangdong industry &trade vocational technical college of iso9000 quality management system iso9000 quality management system internal auditor - MS084 NCQCQ - 2012-2012Language abilityLanguage: good English Cantonese level: goodOther foreign language ability:Mandarin level: excellentAbility to work and other specialtyHigh vocational English and passed the national CET4 test, can read and send foreign trade correspondence.Won the national computer information technology level 4 certificate, familiar with OFFICE software.Familiar with international trade transaction process and international trade documents operation.Take an examination of marketing undergraduate programs, have a certain knowledge of marketing theory and planning ability.During the period of university, served as the class learning committee member, improve their communication and organization skillsPersonal autobiographyI am a strong self-learning ability, has good theoretical basis in international trade practice, can make and fill in all kinds of foreign trade documents, proficient in mandarin, cantonese, hakka, English; Able to skillfully operate foreigntrade correspondence, documents review and office software.During the university, as a committee member of the class learning, improved my organizing and communication skills, are among the best results, take an active part in learning activities and social practice, successively in university participated in the competition of international business negotiations, international business exhibition design competition, won the first prize, as well as training activities such as international trade documents. During the period of university, was named "outstanding member". I treat serious and responsible work, character, stable work, can bear hardships and stand hard work, pay attention to team c 个人信息xuexila性别：目前所在：广州年龄：21户口所在：韶关国籍：中国婚姻状况：未婚民族：汉族诚信徽章：未申请身高：165 cm人才测评：未测评体重：54 kg求职意向人才类型：在校学生应聘职位：外贸/进出口专员/助理，运营工作年限：0 职称：求职类型：实习可到职日期：一个月月薪要求：1500--2000 希望工作地区：天河区,南沙区,番禺区工作经历广州市番禺区旧水坑电机厂起止年月：2012-07 ～2012-08 公司性质：中外合资所属行业：其他行业担任职位：检查员工作描述：主要从事产品的质量检查，学习企业各项管理离职原因：上学毕业院校：广州东商学院最高学历：本科获得学位: 学士学位毕业日期：2014-06专业一：国际经济与贸易专业二：市场营销起始年月终止年月学校(机构) 所学专业获得证书证书编号2012-02 - 广东工贸职业技术学院iso9000质量管理体系ISO9000质量管理体系内部审核员NCQCQ-2012-MS084-08198 语言能力外语：英语良好粤语水平：良好其它外语能力：国语水平：优秀工作能力及其他专长通过了全国高级职业英语和CET4，能阅读和发送外贸函电。
外贸英文开发信模板及中文翻译
27中外贸英文开发信模板及中文翻译1.请求建立商业关系Rogers Chemical Supply Co. 10E.22Street Omaha8,Neb Gentlemen: We have obtained your name and address from Aristo Shoes, Milan , and we are writing to enquire whether you would be willing to establish business relations with us. We have been importers of shoes for many years. At present, We are interested in extending our, range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.If your prices are competitive we would expect to transact a significant volume of business. We look forward to your early reply.Very truly yours 自米兰职权里斯托鞋类公司取得贵公司和地址，特此修函，祈能发展关系。
多年来，本公司经营鞋类进口生意，现欲扩展业务范围。
盼能惠赐商品目录和报价表。
如价格公道，本公司必大额订购。
烦请早日赐复。
此致2.回复对方建立商业关系的请求Thank your for your letter of the 16th of this month. We shall be glad to enter into business relations with your company. In compliance with your request, we are sending you, under separate cover, our latest catalogue and price list covering our export range. Payment should be made by irrevocable and confirmed letter of credit. Should you wish to place an order, please telex or fax us.本月16日收到有关商务关系的来函，不胜欣喜。
英语说明文带中文翻译
拥有英文说明和中文翻译可以促进包容性和可访问性。它可以使产品和服务对中国人更加友好，甚至对于那些会说两种语言但更喜欢用中文阅读的人也是如此。这可以导致客户满意度和忠诚度的提高。此外，在中英文是主导语言的国际环境中，它也可以促进更好的交流和合作。
How to Create Effective English Instructions with Chinese Translation 如何创建有效的英语说明带中文翻译
For Chinese speakerstructions in both English and Chinese can provide a safety net for their understanding. It can help them grasp the main concepts and then gradually rely less on the Chinese translation. Additionally, for those who are not fluent in English, having instructions in their native language can make tasks easier and less intimidating. This is particularly important in situations where safety or precision is crucial, such as using machinery or following medical instructions.
英文带中文的语录带翻译
英文带中文的语录带翻译Title: 人生中需要学会的10件事 10 Things You Need to Learn in Life。
人生中需要学会的10件事 10 Things You Need to Learn in Life。
1. 学会自我爱护 Learn to Love Yourself。
在你爱别人之前，你需要先爱自己。
这意味着你需要关注自己的身体和心理健康，以及自己的幸福感。
你需要学会接受自己的缺点和错误，并珍惜自己的优点和成就。
只有当你爱自己时，你才能真正地爱别人。
Before you can love others, you need to love yourself first. This means taking care of your physical and mental health, as well as your happiness. You need to learn to accept your flaws and mistakes, and cherish your strengths and accomplishments. Only when you love yourself can you truly love others.2. 学会适应变化 Learn to Adapt to Change。
生活充满了变化，有时候你会遇到意想不到的情况。
你需要学会适应变化，并从中学习。
不要害怕失败或者改变，因为这是成长的一部分。
相反，你应该把它们看作是机会，从中吸取经验教训。
Life is full of changes, and sometimes you may encounter unexpected situations. You need to learn to adapt to change and learn from it. Don't be afraid of failure or change, as it is part of growth. Instead, you should see them as opportunities to gain experience and learn valuable lessons.3. 学会接受失败 Learn to Accept Failure。
带中文翻译的英语短文
带中文翻译的英语短文随着社会的发展，英语已成为个人甚至一个国家发展的重要工具，每个人都希望说一口流利的英文。
本文是，希望对大家有帮助!Everyone has a hobby, some people like swimming, some people like playing video games. Fishing is my father's favorite hobby. He goes fishing every Sunday morning, and goes home in the afternoon.My hobby is playing piano. I started playing piano from five years old. I like to play it after school. I have a plan, I want to play a birthday song for my mother, because next monday is her birthday. I think she will like my present very much.每个人都有爱好，有些人喜欢游泳，有些人喜欢玩电子游戏。
我父亲最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼，他每个星期天的早晨都会去钓鱼，下午才回家。
我的爱好是弹钢琴。
我从5岁就开始弹了。
我喜欢在放学后弹。
我有一个计划，我想在给我妈妈弹一首生日歌，因为下周一就是她的生日。
我想她会非常喜欢我的礼物的。
Fire can help people in many ways, but it can also be dangerous. Fire can keep you warm, give light and cook food. However, big fire can also burn your house and hurt you. Nobody knows how ancient people started using fire. Today, people can make fire very easily. They use matches and lighters. Sometimes children like to play with them, but it can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper, and a small fire can start a big fire to burn everything. So you must be careful with matches. If you use the fire in the right way, it can help you, but if you use it in the wrong way, it may hurt you.火可以在很多方面帮助人们，但是也可以非常危险。
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英文资料及中文翻译Development of a multi-agent system for robot soccer game一、IntroductionAs modern industrial society progresses, the needs for useful robots are growing. Especially, mobile robots are special issue that gradually expands its realm in industrialand studying topics. Researches on mobile robots have been mainly concentrated on single mobile robot. But, the development of multi-agent system is strongly needed by the growth of complexity of tasks for robots to perform.The multi-agent systems have been studied by many researchers[l-3]. Generally, multi-agent system is defined as the system composed of more than 2 robots [4] and performs the given task by cooperation. The system has some different factors compared with single robot system. First, the environment for robots to confront is dynamic. In multi-agent system, the robots themselves constitute dynamic environment, because each robot should recognize the other robots as moving obstacles. Many previous researches on mobile robots assume that the environment is static, even for the researches on single mobile robot[5,6]. Second, since the system performs given task by cooperation, it is necessary to make overall system plan forroles of robots. One of the obvious characteristics of the multi-agent system is cooperation - for example, 4-5 robots carry furniture [7]. To cooperate one another, the changes of robots position must be predictable. There are some ways to know the robots position. For example, robots communicate their position one after another, or a supervisor detects robots' position and transmits them to robots. It is related to communication problem. Third, each component of the system such as robots, a supervisor, sensors, communication equipment is well developed, because they influence the overall system performance. Also, it is necessary to adopt appropriate architecture.Robot soccer is an interesting domain for studying the multi-agent system. The players must work together: It means a sort of cooperation. Also, they play the game in dynamic environment: predictable and unpredictable environment - our robots and opponent's robots, respectively. The main object is to put the ball in opponent's goal as frequently as possible in presence of opponent's robots which have the same task. So, according to a situation, our robots decide which action they take -defense or offense, how they work and so on. In this point, the system needs real-time sensing, quick decision making and fast behaviors. It is related to system architecture and algorithms. As described above , soccer game includes many characteristics of multi-agent system and is abundant in applying AI techniques.One of the advantages of robot soccer game is direct comparison of different systems. Many robot soccer systems are gathered in some competitions. We participated in a Soccer robot competition in Taejon, Korea called MIROSOT96 [8]. MIROSOT makes some rules. The rules describe precise specification for soccer game. The playground is rectangular with its length 130cm, its width 90cm. An orange golf ball is selected as the play ball. The size of a robot is restricted within 7.5*7.5*7.5cm. One team consists of three robots. We purpose to make soccer system with three robots.In this paper, we explain some factors to be considered in establishing complete system. First, since the system architecture is very important, we decide the overall system as a centralized on-line system on the basis of surveys of multi-agent systems. Second, the overall system can be divided into three parts - A robot, communication and vision system. We describe the specifications of components of each part and the reasons to decide them. It would be helpful for later improvement.The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 gives some surveys of system architectures and selection of our soccer robot system. Section 3 gives detailed descriptions of implemented hardware, especially mini robots. Section 4 gives cooperation and path plan algorithm for robot soccer game. Section 5 gives conclusion of this paper and presents further works.二、Categorization of multi-agent system and selection of soccer robot systemThe survey on this issue is closely related in Arai's work[4]. We can categorize multi- agent system based on two criteria. One is "Who makes decision and orders?" -Centralized / Decentralized , the other is "When does the system make plans?" - On line / Offline.Centralized system means that a supervisor integrates all available data, plans the behaviors of all the robots and makes commands. Since a supervisor considers all the robots simultaneously, the system can achieve the optimization of the motions of all the robots. But, as the number of robot increases, more computational power of a supervisor is needed. If the supervisor makes any fault, there is no way for the robots to correct it.Decentralized system means that each robot makes plan for itself on the basis of collected information from other robots and its own sensors. In the system, there is not considerable increasing computational load as the number of robots increases. Even if one robot fails to work, other robots work well. But, the system cannot guarantee the optimization of the motions of all the robots.Off-line system means that all the paths are planned before all the robots move. Because of no restriction of time and computing power, the system can achieve optimization. But, since the system assumes static environment, it is not robust to small variation of environment. In real world, it may malfunction with some variances.On-line system means real-time planning. It is robust to dynamic environment. But, it needs large computational power and effective algorithm.In a lot of researches, the above two categorizations are interrelated each other. We summarize the researches in Table 1.In MIROSOT96, The size of a robot is restricted. Therefore, it is difficult to implement a robot with large computational power. Also, it is important to decide what a robot must equip. Basically, a robot has to equip actuator module and communication module. Additional equipments are selected and implemented considering the space of a robot. Soccer game needs global information of our robots' position. So, we decide the centralized system as our system. From the viewpoint of path planning time, we decide the on-line system. Soccer game has fast changing nature and necessitates real-time sensing, fast behaviors, and quick decision making. It is reasonable to adopt on-line system.In centralized on-line system, a supervisor acquires all available information of whole environment and the robots. Simultaneously, a supervisor should plan all the robots' paths in real-time. Therefore itrequires fast computing power. To decrease the burden of a supervisor, we choose partitioned system which separate main planning and executing. This is somewhat similar to the works of Shakey[15], Firby[16]. In our soccer robot system, a supervisor makes plans of all the robots on the basis of some strategy. Then, a supervisor transmits next desired position to each robot. Each robot receives desired position and executes its control algorithm for position and velocity controls. Simultaneously, each robot takes data of its own local sensor which are fused with desired position into desired input of its own control loop. Therefore, a robot must possess some logic : a sort of a "brain". So, our robots have micro-controllers. In this architecture, the system partitions computing burdens. Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of our soccer robot system. Since a supervisor receives positions of the ball and all robots, the system doesn't need bi-directional communication. A supervisor only transmits commands to each robot. In the case of bi-directional communication, the logic of transmitting and receiving order and priority must be needed. It may increase complexity of communication system of both a supervisor and a robot.Figure 1. The constitution of our soccer robot system三、System implementationSystem is composed of three parts - a supervisor, vision and 5 robots. A supervisor is a PC - pentium processor -which makes plan in real time, and vision system has two cameras which have red and blue filter respectively, and image processing board which has a DSP and memory. A robot has a CPU, communication module, IR sensors, motors, etc. These three parts are related one another. Detailed descriptions are given in following chapters.1. Configuration of individual robotA robot is consisted of mechanical part, CPU board, communication(receiver) module and sensor board. Its size is within 7.5*7.5*7.5 cm.2. Mechanical partMechanical part of a robot is consisted of two motors, encoders, gearheads, wheels, a ball caster, and a frame. The frame is designed for easy, compact and hardy integration. Motors and gearheads are selected in consideration for operating voltage, internal resistance, mechanical time constant. Its operating voltage is 6V. Reduction ratio of gearhead is 1:41. A diameter of a wheel is 32 mm. The no-load speed of a motor is 15200 rev/min. So, no-load speed of robots can be calculated as about 62 cm/sec. In real robots, we measure the maximum speed of a robot. The result is about 40cm/sec. Two motors are controlled by a CPU in main board independently. The encoder generates 16 pulses per revolution.3. CPU board and sensor boardFigure 2. The CPU board and sensor boardthe locations of LEDs in CPU board forrobot's position and rotationthe locations of IR sensors in sensor boardIn CPU board, data processing and motor control are carried out. CPU boardconsists of two PCBs - same size of 7.5cm*6.0cm. We choose 80C196KC as robot's CPU. Its basic operation is to control motors according to the datafrom a supervisor via communication module. Also, it fuses the data from a supervisor and sensors equipped in itself. 80C196KC has three PWM generators which are used to control motors and 8 channel A/D converters which are used to receive the data from its own sensors. Motor driver is TC 4428 - dual high speed MOSFET driver. For compact spacing, we use EPLD( Erasable Programmable Logic Device) which can perform encoder counting, address decoding, and some logic functions.As can be seen in Figure 2(a), 4 LEDs are in CPU board located above in a robot. Three LEDs make an isosceles triangle. Because LED is the most brightest thing in playground, vision system detects the position and rotation of a robot easily. The other LED located at the center of triangle is used to provide some information to a supervisor. Turning on the LED means that a robot detects the ball by its own sensors.In sensor board, 4 pairs of IR sensor consisted of transmitter and receiver are located in fixed positions. As can be seen in Figure 2(b), one pair is located in higher position to distinguish a robot from the ball. It can detect only the ball. The other three pairs are located in the lower position. They can detect the ball and robots. So, a CPU can recognize the obstacle detected by its own sensors - a ball and a robot. Since sensor board is in front of a robot, it can perform local searching in front of a robot.Figure 3. The shape of digitally coded dataFigure 4. The constitution of communication signal3. CommunicationWe choose unidirectional communication - from a supervisor to robots. Generally, to share more information, bi-directional communication is better. But, it needs more space and increases the complexity of tasks which robots and a supervisor carry out. In our system, we use vision system as a global monitor. So, it is not necessary for a robot to transmit its data to a supervisor. Therefore, we adopt unidirectional communication.There are two prevalent communication methods - IR and R/F. IR communication has a problem such that it is affected by light. So, in real competition, it may malfunction. Therefore, we modify the commercial R/F communication module and introduce a digital method for high precision and good reliability of information transfer. We set the carrier frequency as 4kHz. Two sections make one digital data. If there is a state change between two sections in the digital data, this digital data means " 1" bit. If no state change occurs, it means "0" bit. Between digital data, a state change always takes place. This is described in Figure 3. So, Data transfer ratio is 2000bit/sec. We define a channel as a basic unit and a channel has 9 bits - one bit is start bit and the other 8 bits are data bits. Since supervisor sends position and orientation to each robot, one robot needs 3 channels. We define a block as a basic command unit. As in Figure 4, one block consists of 17 channels because each of five robots needs 3 channels and there are a start channel and an extra channel for an unexpectedfuture purpose. So, the transfer rate is about 13 block per second. It means that a supervisor can transfer information to five robots 13 times per second.4. Vision systemIt is very important to recognize the positions of robots and the ball in real-time. We use two monochrome cameras. One has red filter and the other has blue filter. As mentioned above, a robot has an isosceles triangle shaped LED configuration. Vision system can easily detect a robot. As for a ball, vision system compare two image for detecting the ball. We regulate LUTs( Look Up Table ) of image data from two cameras to eliminate other colors except a ball color before competition. In our experiment, vision system with one monochrome camera cannot detect a ball robustly. Therefore, we use two cameras. As for opponent's robots detection, MIROSOT make it a rule to have a solid 3.5cm*3.5cm patch of its team color visible on top. We also regulate LUTs to make vision system detect opponent's robots. In our experiment, our vision system can detect a ball and ten robots 5 times per asecond.5．Position control of a robotThe block diagram of position control of a robot is presented in Figure 5. The figure shows the partitioned system : Planning and executing. Global Monitoring loop representing the Planning is a feedback loop in which vision system detect a robot position and a supervisor makes commands. As soon as vision system detects positions of robots and the ball, a supervisor makes path planning of each robot according to the current position data. It is slow feedback. In Local Control loop representing executing , each robots execute the position and velocity control with encoder signals and desired position.Figure 5. Constitution of Control systemFigure 6. The configuration of our system.a detailed description.Figure 7. The actual robot with a golf ball三、Cooperation and path plan algorithm for robot soccer gameWe are making algorithms in consideration for two points. One is for cooperation; the other is for path plan of each robot. In MIROSOT96, three robots were permitted to play game. Therefore, we make algorithms considering three robots as a multi-agent system. For viewpoint of cooperation, one robot isa goal keeper, the others takes the roles according to the modes. There can be several modes. We tested4 modes. Figure 8 shows 4 modes. Basically, we use divide-and-conquer heuristics. We divide the playground into two areas; assign each area to two robots. Each robot takes the role according to the assigned area. Mode (a) and (b) are natural division of the playground. Mode (c) has wide attack zone. Mode (d) is that two robots are all-round players. These modes are changed against opponent's strategy. We are going to test established modes and develop more effective modes.For path plan of each robot, we use parametric cubic spline. The cost function is consisted of three term. One is for minimization of variations of curvature, the other is for minimization of time, the third is for obstacle avoidance. The results of one robot experiment show that our algorithm can be applied to robot soccer game[17].We are going to develop more effective algorithm for robot soccer game.Figure 8. The 4 tested modes四、Conclusions and further worksIn this paper, we provide the reasons why we adopt centralized on-line system as our robot soccer system and specification of implemented hardware. We survey many multi-agent systems from the viewpoint of system architecture. Using two criteria, we categorize the multi-agent systems. Then, we select the centralized on-line system considering the nature of robot soccer game. This paper explains suitability of our system to robot soccer game for many reasons. Also, we explain our system in detail. To partitioning the computing burdens, the supervisor makes path plans and the robot executes its control loop - Global Monitoring and Local Control. For local searching, our robots have 4 IR sensors in front of them. 4 LEDs are located in CPU board in the shape of an isosceles triangle for easy detection of position and rotation by vision system. As for communication, we designed digitally coded data format. After they are tested independently, they can be combined easily. Detailed description of our system is helpful to those who plans to participate in soccer game and someone who want to make similar system.Using established system, we are going to build multiple robot path planning system using several techniques - fuzzy, neural network, genetic algorithm and so on. At present, We have established divide-and-conquer heuristics. It is needed to develop more effective soccer algorithms and test our algorithm combined with our real system.在机器人足球赛中多智能体系统的发展一、介绍随着现代工业的发展，应用机器人的需要在增加。