上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期摸底考试英语试题

上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期摸底考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．By the time you visit me at 2pm tomorrow, the seminar ________ for a whole day, but I doubt it will be over.A．will progress B．will have progressedC．has been progressing D．will have been progressing 2．Examinees ________ the testing room during exam unless ________.A．won’t leave; permitted B．aren’t leaving; being permittedC．are not to leave; permitted D．shall not leave; being permitted 3．The research team ________ survey work last week, but the extreme heatwaves hampered the operation.A．had started B．would startC．was to have started D．was to start4．A special high-level dialogue on environment and climate convened in July, with the official statement ________ that China would stand ready to work with EU to further strengthen the policy coordination.A．read B．reading C．to read D．to be read 5．—Does the way you thought of ________ traffic volume during rush hours make any sense?—It certainly does; in fact, it is a mature initiative ________ many times in several metropolises.A．to reduce; adopted B．to reduce; having been adoptedC．reducing; adopted D．reducing; having been adopted 6．Until ________, the money won’t go to another ambitious investment plan, ________ is run by high-achieving stockbrokers.A．recovering; which B．recovered, oneC．having been recovered; which D．having been recovered, that7．If you are stranded on a deserted island with hardly any food and water, what should your priorities be? Should you postpone worrying about food and water ________ you havemanaged to find a shelter?A．until B．after C．lest D．provided 8．Of these candidates ________ you opt for, you will have a right assistant.A．who B．that C．whichever D．whoever 9．When we arrived in ________ is now called the Centre for Prodigies, we got to meet a most gifted teenager ________ experts thought might make great achievements in astronomy.A．where; who B．where; that C．what; whom D．what; who 10．Public health experts kept telling citizens it was of utmost importance that social distancing and hygiene habits ________ amid the pandemic.A．were to be kept B．had to be keptC．must be kept D．should be kept11．Alberg opened his mouth, as if ________, but he gave up the intention.A．protested B．protestingC．having protested D．to protest12．Constant efforts have been poured into the protection of such traditional local languages ________ are only spoken by a tiny portion of people, in the presence of ________ world cultures are sure to be diverse and colourful.A．that; which B．as; which C．that; whose D．as; whose 13．His head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows, ________ he could watch what was going on with the special operations mission.A．from which B．where C．from where D．from there 14．Just as I was hurrying to class, there ________ come Tom with a long story to tell you.A．could B．must C．might D．would 15．His appearance has changed so much that you ________ not recognize him.A．may well B．may as well C．maybe D．should 16．Little wonder ________ up their hands in dismay.A．have some thrown B．some have thrownC．thrown some have D．have thrown some17．He is the very man in ________ pocket I found my lost money.A．that B．who C．whom D．whose 18．There are many traditional tribes in Asia, of which the Kayan tribe may be the only one ________ women have their necks stretched to incredible lengths using brass coils.A．that B．which C．where D．whose 19．What difficulty ________ the program of economic reform?A．do you think the new mayor has to initiateB．you think does the new mayor have to initiateC．does the critic think the new mayor have initiatingD．does the critic think the new mayor has initiating20．________ to be manufactured locally, the National Medical Products Administration issued a guidance to encourage various new partnerships and collaborations with pharma giants.A．There were some imported medical devices of this kind remainedB．There was some imported medical devices of this kind remainingC．There being some imported medical devices of this kind remainingD．Some imported medical devices of this kind remained二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word canPeople across the UK are set to sizzle on what could be the hottest day of the year so far.could be hundreds of heat related deaths in the UK.A Met Office amber weather warning for extreme heat comes into 22 today for almost all of England south of Manchester and parts of eastern Wales. It is expected to last until Sunday with temperatures 23 to climb to 36℃.Temperatures are not expected to drop below the low 20℃ in some areas, even at night. Older people, young children and those with 24 health conditions are more likely to experience adverse health effects, the Met Office said.“Compared to the July record-breaking heat, this event will be less 25 , but last longer, which could actually have a greater impact on people’s health,” Hannah Cloke, a professor of hydrology at the University of Reading, said.For centuries, two of the most intriguing question about Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” were “Who?” and “When?” A discovery made at Heidelberg University in 2005 pretty muchVinci’s first biographer, Giorgio Vasari: that the sitter was a merchant’s wife, Lisa Gherardini. The note also helped 32 the masterpiece to between 1503 and 1506.A third mystery—“Where?”—is still in dispute, But on June 3rd a French engineer, Pascal Cotte, declared that he and a collaborator had identified the landscape in the background of the painting. Arguments had once been made for 33 of countryside in the Marche region and between Milan and Genoa. During a presentation in Vinci, near Florence, Mr. Cotte argued that the artist was more 34 depicting a part of his native Tuscany-one that much interested him at the time. According to this theory, da Vinci 35 the area not as it was, but as, in an unrealized scheme, he intended it to be.Mr. Cotte, who was asked by the Louvre (where the “Mona Lisa” hangs) to create adigital image of the painting, is the inventor of the multispectral (多光谱的) camera: a device that can detect not only the drawing below the surface of an oil painting, but also, where they exist, intermediate layers of work. It was among these, under what appears to be a 36 rock, that he found a preparatory sketch showing that da Vinci intended it to represent a castellated(城堡形的) tower.The landscape of the “Mona Lisa” also includes a huge steep cliff. That is similar to one that da Vinci included in a sketch of a fortress(堡垒) 37 by Pisa and Florence in the war that broke out between them in 1503 (around the time he was painting Gherardini). The fortress with the nearby cliff—and a tower, known as the Caprona tower—all overlook the river Arno as it snakes from Florence to Pisa. All three also 38 in drawings made by da Vinci to illustrate a plan about which, says Mr. Cotte, he became “obsessive”.Mr. Cotte argues that a channel that 39 through desolate countryside at the right of the “Mona Lisa” is too wide to be a road, as some have speculated, and is instead the dried-up bed of the Armo as da Vinci pictured it once his plan had been adopted.It never was. But if Mr. Cotte’s theory is right, it might just explain why Gherardini, a Florentine, wears such a 40 , if mysterious, smile.三、完形填空People who listen to indie bands are miserable shaggy-haired layabouts (懒惰的人) while fans of rap music are brave and full of self-confidence.41 mere narrow-minded opinions, these are the results of an extensive psychological survey of more than 36,000 music lovers, which confirms, once and for all, that our musical tastes really do affect our personality. But the study’s most remarkable discovery is that lovers of classical music 42 a high number of personality traits with those who prefer rocking out to a heavy metal.The research asked people worldwide to describe their personality and then to list their favourite styles of music. The results show a 43 relationship between people’s personality traits and the style of music they enjoy.Fans of indie music, for instance, were found to have low self-esteem and little 44 but described themselves as creative. Rap enthusiasts, 45 , tend to feel good about themselves and are extremely outgoing. Those who love dance music are 46 outgoingbut are more likely to be unfriendly and slightly self-centred.Professor Adrian North, who led the study, suggested that the results explain why so many people bond over music and also why some of us are very 47 about the music we listen to, since it is likely to be closely linked to the person we are.According to Professor North, both heavy metal and classical fans are 48 by a shared ‘love of the grandiose’, which means that a Metallica fan is far more likely to listen to Mahler than an indie kid is to give reggae a try.‘Aside from their age difference, they’re 49 the same kind of person,’ he said. ‘Lots of heavy metal fans will tell you that they also 50 Wagner, because it’s big and loud. There’s also a sense of theatre in both heavy rock and classical music, and I 51 that this is what they’re really looking to experience when they listen.’John Gregson, 23, a classically-trained musician with a passion for heavy metal, 52 . ‘As an instrumentalist out of all of the main styles of music, heavy metal and classical are the ones which require the most 53 to play — they’re technically very difficult and involve playing at inhumanly fast speeds.’ he said. ‘You feel like you’re in on a secret — you54 it personally. It also feels like you know something that other people don’t because you55 a style of music which is often underestimated.’41．A．Regardless of B．Rather than C．As for D．Apart from 42．A．illustrate B．acquire C．share D．sustain 43．A．distinct B．subtle C．vague D．varied 44．A．misery B．prejudice C．motivation D．tendency 45．A．out of proportion B．in addition C．on the other hand D．in principle46．A．equally B．individually C．scarcely D．occasionally 47．A．curious B．concerned C．protective D．cross 48．A．annoyed B．blinded C．united D．overtaken 49．A．questionably B．basically C．respectively D．originally 50．A．go at B．go into C．go in for D．go about 51．A．remember B．predict C．forget D．suspect 52．A．agrees B．doubts C．persists D．regrets 53．A．creativity B．sympathy C．discipline D．assistance 54．A．identify with B．compare with C．coordinate with D．comply with55．A．create B．appreciate C．detect D．collect四、阅读理解You may think that an underground town with 3,500 residents is something out of a science fiction film. You may not believe that such a town has shops, car parks, hotels, restaurants, cafes, swimming pools, churches, galleries, museums, cinemas, a golf course and much more. We Coober Pedy in Australia’s Outback is just such a place. Although film makers sometimes use the town as a spot for science-fiction films, it is a real community full of people who enjoy living underground.The name Coober Pedy comes from the Aboriginal (土著的) phrase kupa piti which means ‘white man in a hole’. Miners and their families choose to live like this, hoping to get rich looking for the precious stones that Australia is famous for — opals. Living underground is the only way to shelter from the sandstorms and the high temperatures above ground, where it can be up to 50 degrees C (122F). Deep down in the town far below the desert surface, the temperature is between 19 and 20 degrees C and life is cool.Mary Deane believes that it’s the possibility of being poor one day and rich the next that makes Coober Pedy so addictive. She and her husband Jim are among the lucky ones. They live in a luxurious home, built with money from the opals Jim has found. “Whenever people hear we live underground, they always imagine a dusty cave,” says Mary, “but they are amazed when they sit in my spotless clean kitchen eating home-made apple pie. Everyone loves our pine furniture and I have every electrical appliance money can buy in here. Whatever I need I can have and whenever I·need more space we just dig out a few more rooms! I love my home.”However, not everything is perfect in Coober Pedy. Mary has a tiny garden that she is very proud of, but the grass is not real. Plant life is rare. Water is also five times more expensive than overground residents pay. Recycling is a way of life, so Jim usually washes his car with bath water and they have a special system to re-use the water from the dishwasher and washing machine. “We must be very careful about how we use water,” he says, “it’s not quite as precious as the opals, but it’s still very scarce!”56．What can be learned from the passage about Coobor Pody?A．It was originally built for science-fiction films.B．It provides residents with recreational facilities.C．It is losing its appeal to young people in Australia.D．It was designed by Aboriginals who used to live there.57．Why do miners and their families choose to live in Coober Pedy?A．To save money and get rich one day.B．To make it possible to produce opals.C．To keep away from the modern way of life.D．To escape from the terrible weather conditions.A．they have to be economical with waterB．they have to spend more money on foodC．they cannot use some electrical appliancesD．they cannot grow plants in the garden59．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Coober Pedy: Based on RecyclingB．An Unimaginable FilmC．Underground MiningD．Life Down UnderHandling RisksBackground___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________Oat of the frying panRecently, there has been growing concern in Europe about the problem of obesity, especially among children. Newspapers, magazines, and TV have all taken up the call for a healthier diet. In order to remain successful McCain needs to be aware of such trends and the potential risks the company might face. It has always seen itself as careful to listen to and respond to public demand — and has a successful track record in introducing new products to meet the changing environment. Back in 1979 the company was the first to introduce a chip that could be cooked in the oven rather than the deep fryer and this is now widely seen as a healthier and easier-to-prepare alternative to the fried chip. The more recently launchedMcCain Home Fries TM oven chip is a huge seller. The challenge for McCain now is to ensure that they are able to market their products in increasingly hostile conditions.PEST analysis for McCain___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________PoliticalThe growing pressure to make foods healthier has led to widespread discussion of the possibility of higher taxes on unhealthy food, restrictions on advertising (e. g. during children’s TV), regulations limiting what may be sold in schools, requirements to label fat, sugar, and salt content more clearly and even the suggestion of health warnings on packets. EconomicBecause all adults work in more and more households, the market for quality prepared food seems likely to continue growing. People generally have more money but less time, and seek products that allow them to prepare good food quickly. People have been prepared to spend more on higher-quality prepared products, but a downturn in the economy could see a choice of more basic items.Social & CulturalRecent health advice given to the public has led to a change in consumer demand. There have been many warnings about eating too much salt and saturated fat(饱和脂肪). The media regularly include chips within the category of unhealthy or junk food. TechnologicalNew technology has led to new kinds of ‘functional food’ items to appear on the shelves, claiming to offer positive health benefits. Potatoes are naturally high in vitamin C and natural carbohydrates (碳水化合物) —but the technological challenge is maintaining nutritional value and flavour while making the product easier to use, usable in new ways.60．What is the “hostile” (paragraph 1) most probably mean in this passage?A．necessary B．physicalC．ideal D．disadvantageous61．Which of the following will be a political challenge that McCain might have?A．It is not allowed to advertise its products on TV.B．It needs to pay a higher tax imposed on its products.C．It must create new products containing less salt.D．It can no longer be sold to schoolchildren.62．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A．McCain’s products are categorized as unhealthy food according to the media.B．McCain has developed a new way to maintain potatoes’ nutritional value.C．McCain will soon give health advice regularly to its consumers.D．McCain’s products used to cost people much time to cook.The colours of beautiful feathers are often borrowed. Flamingos, for example, owe their pinkness to chemicals called carotenoids that are made by bacteria known (confusingly) as blue-green algae. The birds, when feeding, both ingest these bacteria directly and consume small crustaceans (甲壳纲动物) that themselves live on such bacteria､Blue-footed boobies obtain their eponymous colour similarly, via the fish they eat.Carotenoids, though, are dual-use molecules. Besides giving these birds colours, they also help to stimulate the immune system. If a bird has some health issues, its immune system will thus use up some of its carotenoid stock defending against these interlopers, and its colour will suffer. If it is in good shape, by contrast, most of the carotenoids it consumes will be used to create colour. This is a difference that potential mates notice and act on, as dozens of experiments have proved. But a study just published in Naturwissenschaften has gone beyond these observations and shown that bright feather is also an indicator of a healthy digestive system.Wild animals live in a world of constant food scarcity. Squeezing every last calorie and nutrient molecule from what they eat is crucial to their survival. Since carotenoids are obtained as part of this digestive process. Tuul Sepp of Arizona State University and her colleagues wondered if feather brilliance might therefore be a reliable signal of the efficiency with which a bird draws goodness from its food.To assess that she turned to a test called the “acid steatocrit”. This involves collecting an animal’s faeces(排泄物) mixing them with perchloric acid to liberate the fat molecules within, centrifuging(使离心) the mixture and then measuring the thickness of the fatty layer which has accumulated at the top. The thinner this layer, the more efficiently the animal in question has been digesting any fats it has eaten. Since most carotenoids are bound to fatty molecules called lipoproteins, Dr Sepp reasoned that those birds which the test suggests are collecting fats efficiently from their food will also be brightly coloured.To investigate this idea, she and her colleagues collected 36 male house finches—birds known for having brilliant red breasts. They photographed their captives and held them in cages for a short time, in order to collect some faeces from each. They then ran the images of the birds ‘breasts through a computer to analyse how red they were, and studied a sample of each bird’s faeces using the acid stratocrat test.The result was that there is indeed a correlation between the brilliance of a bird’s breast and the efficiency of its fat digestion. If Dr Sepp’s computer can see this, it seems likely female house finches can, too—and will thus have yet another reason to pick the mates with the prettiest feathers.63．By “The colours of beautiful feathers are often borrowed” the writer means that________.A．the colour of birds’ feathers fades with ageB．birds prefer to eat food that look colourfulC．birds’ feathers get colour after they are bornD．the colours of birds’ feathers are a sign of disease64．Healthy birds have bright feathers because ________.A．more carotenoid is consumed to create colourB．their immune system produces more carotenoidC．they are more likely to defend against certain diseaseD．their potential mates are more likely to see bright colours65．We can infer from Dr Sepp’s experiment that the male house finches that are redder________.A．have a less strong digestive systemB．appeal less to female house finchesC．are more able to separate fatty moleculesD．digest fat collected from food more efficiently66．What can be concluded from the passage?A．Female birds choose mates based on their act.B．Birds with poor digestion are literally off colour.C．Faeces are a useful indicator of birds’ immune system.D．How efficiently birds process food remains to be studied.五、六选四If having much chocolate makes your trousers too tight, blame the genes Chocoholics no longer need to feel guilty about their craving. They are simply the victims of their genes, scientists have found.67 . It also raises the possibility of designing a drug which could “switch off” the gene and help people resist sugary foods. Children, in particular, risk their heath by eating too many sweets and chocolates.To identify the gene, the research teams-based at Harvard medical School in Boston and Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York—conducted experiments using mice which have differences in their ability to taste sweet foods. They compared the DNA of the two types of mice and noticed differences in the gene called TIR3.Dr Gopi Shanker, of the Mount Sinai team, said: “It contains information which produces a protein called the sweet taste receptor. This recognizes the sweet content of food and initiates a series of events which signal to the brain that a sweet food has been eaten.” Dr Shanker added: “Exactly the same gene exists in humans. 68 .” Research by the Harvard team has come to the same conclusion.But Aubrey Sheiham, professor of dental public health at University College, London, said the results did not provide chocoholics with an excuse to give up dieting. He said, “We have always known that some people have a sweeter tooth than others. 69 . They will be satisfied with a lower level of sweetness.”Mr. Sheiham warned against any form of gene therapy which sought to deactivate the sweet tooth gene. “ 70 . We all need to have some sugar in our diet”.The U. S researchers are using their discovery to develop artificial sweeteners without an aftertaste.A．But it has also been proved that if you gradually expose people to less sugar, then the body becomes accustomed to less.B．We never know what would happen to our body without this gene.C．The “sweet tooth gene”, identified by separate teams of researchers, helps explain why some find it harder to resist chocolate bars and cream cakes.D．We have produced this gene through evolution because sweet foods in nature are not poisonous and also give us energy.E．It means that if your parents have a sweet tooth then you probably will as wellF．Eating too much sugar has long been thought to increase the risk of some diseases.六、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Universities should not be “airbrushing” history by removing books from reading lists to protect students from challenging content, the education secretary has said.James Cleverly told of his concern after The Times found that academics have started dropping books from reading lists 71 they harm students.Ten universities, including three from the Russell Group, were discovered 72 (take) books off reading lists, or made 73 optional, because of concerns about their content.“University is about challenging ideas, it is about learning about circumstances beyond your own experience and that includes 74 (difficult) circumstances of all time,” Cleverly told Talk TV.“I am really concerned about difficult bits of global history 75 (airbrush) out. We can’t just turn life into a Disneyland 76 (purify) version of reality.”The Times sent freedom of information requests about reading lists to all 140 UK universities. The University of Essex said that the 2017 Pulitzer prize winning novel The Underground Railroad, 77 Colson Whitehead, had been removed from a student reading list because of its “graphic description of violence and abuse of slavery”.Robert Halfon, the Tory MP for Harlow and chairman of the Commons education committee, said: “We should be encouraging people to read books, even if the subject matter is difficult because that is 78 we learn.”Sir Anthony Seldon. the former vice chancellor of the University of Buckingham, told LBC Radio: “We should be very concerned because universities are all about the discovery of truth. We discover truth by not shutting texts down 79 by examining them.”Essex said The Underground Railroad remained available in the university library and is 80 option for future reading lists. Sussex said Miss Julie was removed from a literaturemodule following student suicides, but staff expected the text to be reinstated. Aberdeen said its content warnings policy enabled staff “to explore controversial topics in an inclusive environment”.Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The shimmering torus-shaped museum of the future in Dubai is covered in Arabic calligraphy and is supported by a steel diagrid(构架), with a facade(建筑物正面) of 1,024 steel panels. The aviation industry provided inspiration for the technology needed to create the exterior that was developed using learning algorithms.“All the parameters(参数) 81 (put) into a program structurally, and eventually it learned to create this shape,” says architect Shaun Killa.82 (open) in February 2022, the building is an iconic addition to Dubai’s already dramatic skyline, which includes the sail-shaped Burj Al Arab and the Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world. These modern, globally recognizable structures have made a name for Dubai’s architecture, but the story of Dubai’s urban views 83 (go) back to the 2000s. “Often the story is that since the 2000s it’s been a place of gleaming skyscrapers,” says architect and writer Todd Reisz, author of Showpiece City: How Architecture Made Dubai. But the creative fusion seen in the architecture of structures like Killa’s Museum of the Future goes deeper.“I think what 84 (have) the most influence on the city up to the present is the fact that it’s an entrepot, a port city,” says Reisz. “I’s a place of exchange and in-betweenness, where not only things and people come in and out, but so do ideas.” That exchange of ideas has led to some of the world’s most ambitious architectural projects— 85 Killa has played an outsize role.Killa first arrived in Dubai from South Africa in 1998, 86 (join) architecture firm Atkins, where he worked on the Burj AI Arab—one of Dubai’s most famous buildings, which sits on an artificial island and is shaped like the sail of a yacht. “For an architect coming from Cape Town, the scale of the buildings was so much 87 (big),” Killa says of Dubai. “If you’re used to smaller projects, it’s quite a challenge to overcome that scale.” Killa went on 88 (work) on other major projects in Dubai such as the Dubai。