法律英语LEC参考书单

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LEC考试卷一复习方法

本人报考了12月份的LEC考试，复习已经有三个月之久了，刚拿到教材时还真是不知从何学起，尤其是卷一的美国部门法。

后来在学习的过程中慢慢的摸索到了一些学习方法，跟备考的朋友们分享一下吧，也期待大家发表意见。

一、教材第一部分教材第一章是法律英语基础，包括法律英语发展史、法律英语特点、法律英语术语和规则、法律文件引注等内容。

第一卷中常用的法律术语解释问题占有较大分值，这部分试题的形式类似于英译英，即给出一个常用法律术语，选项中有一项是对该术语的正确理解。

考生需对美国各部分法的常用词汇有正确的理解，包括一些常用的拉丁文。

二、教材第二部分第二章美国法律体系，包括法院体系、陪审团制度、对抗制度、上诉法院、上诉法官，法院判决和判例摘要等联邦政府（哥伦比亚特区）和每一个州都有自己的法院系统。

主要的联邦法院由三个不同级别的法院组成：区域法院、上诉法院和美国最高法院。

它们也被称为宪法第三款法院，因为它们是依据美国宪法的第三条所创建。

除这些普遍管辖的法院之外，一些特别的联邦法院也存在，比如破产法院和税务法院。

除了特殊的联邦法院以外，区域法院是联邦系统的审判法院。

当事人首先把他们的争议提交到区域法院并且提供证人和提交证据。

在很多案件中，当事人可以要求陪审团进行审判。

大多数案件是由区域法院的法官独任审判，尽管有一些类型的案件是由三个法官组成的合议庭审判。

如果当事人对于区域法院的判决不服，他们可以就这个判决上诉到联邦上诉法院。

在全国一共有十三个。

此外，联邦上诉法院，也听取来自一些特殊法院的上诉，例如国际贸易法院、或者是来自联邦特区法院的一些专门问题，比如专利法问题。

上诉法院并不进行新的审判，它通过先前区域法院呈堂的证据来进行判决。

由原告和被告要提交书面摘要给法院来解释为什么要支持或者推翻区域法院的判决。

上诉法院通常允许当事人双方在法庭面前进行口头辩论。

上诉法院主要是通过三位法官组成的合议庭作出的。

重要的案件要通过巡回法院的全体法官听审并且作出合议。

LEC学习材料-合同法

合同法CONTRACTSIn law, a contract is a binding legal agreement that is enforceable in a court of law or by binding arbitration. That is to say, a contract is an exchange of promises with a specific remedy for breach. Agreement is said to be reached when an offer capable of immediate acceptance is met with a "mirror image" acceptance (i.e., an unqualified acceptance). The parties must have the necessary capacity to contract and the contract must not be either trifling, indeterminate, impossible, or illegal. Breach of contract is recognized by the law and remedies can be provided.As long as the good or service provided is legal, any oral agreement between two parties can constitute a binding legal contract. The practical limitation to this, however, is that only parties to a written agreement have material evidence (the written contract itself) to prove the actual terms uttered at the time the agreement was struck. In daily life, most contracts can be and are made orally, such as purchasing a book or a sandwich. Sometimes written contracts are required by either the parties, or by statutory law within various jurisdiction for certain types of agreement, for example when buying a house or land.Contract formationIn common-law systems, the five key requirements for the creation of a contract are:1. offer and acceptance (agreement)2. consideration3. an intention to create legal relations4. legal capacity5. formalitiesOffer and acceptance analysis is a traditional approach in contract law used to determine whether an agreement exists between two parties. As a contract is an agreement, an offer is an indication by one person (the "offeror") to another (the "offeree") of the offeror's willingness to enter into a contract on certain terms without further negotiations. A contract is said to come into existence when acceptance of an offer (agreement to the terms in it) has been communicated to the offeror by the offeree.Treitel defines an offer as "an expression of willingness to contract on certain terms, made with the intention that it shall become binding as soon as it is accepted by the person to whom it isaddressed", the "offeree". An offer is a statement of the terms on which the offeror is willing to be bound.The "expression" referred to in the definition may take different forms, such as a letter, newspaper, fax, email and even conduct, as long as it communicates the basis on which the offeror is prepared to contract.Whether two parties have an agreement or a valid offer is an issue which is determined by the court using the Objective test (Smith v. Hughes). Therefore the "intention" referred to in the definition is objectively judged by the courts. In the English case of Smith v. Hughes the court emphasised that the important thing is not a party's real intentions but how a reasonable person would view the situation. This is due mainly to common sense as each party would not wish to breach his side of the contract if it would make him or her culpable to damages, it would especially be contrary to the principle of certainty and clarity in commercial contract and the topic of mistake and how it affects the contract. As a minimum requirement the conditions for an offer should include at least the following 4 conditions: Delivery date, price, terms of payment that includes the date of payment and detail description of the item on offer including a fair description of the condition or type ofservice. Without one of the minimum requirements of condition an offer of sale is not seen as a legal offer but rather seen as an advertisement.Acceptance is a final and unqualified expression of assent to the terms of an offer. It is no defense to an action based on a contract for the defendant to claim that he had not intended to be bound by the agreement, if his conduct demonstrated that he had.Rules of acceptanceThere are several rules dealing with the communication of acceptance:•The acceptance must be communicated: see Powell v Lee (1908) Prior to acceptance, an offer may be withdrawn.•An exception exists in the case of unilateral contracts, in which the offeror makes an offer to the world which can be accepted by some act. A classic instance of this is the case ofCarlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. [1892] 2 Q.B. 484 in which an offer was made to pay £100 to anyone who having boughtthe offeror's product and used it in accordance with the instructions nonetheless contracted influenza. The plaintiff did so and the court ordered payment of the £100. Heractions accepted the offer - there was no need to communicate acceptance. Typical cases of unilateral offers are advertisements of rewards (e.g., for the return of a lost dog).•An offer can only be accepted by the offeree, that is, the person to whom the offer is made.•An offeree is not usually bound if another person accepts the offer on his behalf without his authorization, the exceptions to which are found in the law of agency, where an agent may have apparent or ostensible authority, or the usual authority of an agent in the particular market, even if the principal did not realize what the extent of this authority was, and someone on whose behalf an offer has been purportedly accepted it may also ratify the contract within a reasonable time, binding both parties.•It may be implied from the construction of the contract that the offeror has dispensed with the requirement of communication of acceptance (called waiver of communication - which is generally implied in unilateral contracts): see also Re Selectmove Ltd [1994] BCC 349.•If the offer specifies a method of acceptance (such as by post or fax), acceptance must be by a method that is no lesseffective from the offeror's point of view than the method specified. The exact method prescribed may have to be used in some cases but probably only where the offeror has used very explicit words such as "by registered post, and by that method only": see Yates Building Co. Ltd v. R.J. Pulleyn & Sons (York) Ltd (1975) 119 Sol. Jo. 370.•Silence cannot be construed as acceptance: see Felthouse v.Bindley (1862) 142 ER 1037.•However, acceptance may be inferred from conduct.Vitiating FactorsThere are the factors affecting the validity of an otherwise effective contract. They include mistakes, misrepresentation, duress, undue influence and illegality.DischargeOnce it is determined that a party is under an immediate duty to perform, the duty to perform must be discharged. A contract may be discharged in one of the following ways:·By performance·By tender of performance·By frustration·By operation of law·By occurrence of condition subsequent·By illegality·By rescission·By novation·By cancellation·By release·By substituted contract·By accord and satisfaction·By account stated·By lapse·By effect of running of statute of limitationsBreach of contract is a legal concept in which a binding agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance orinterference with the other party's performance. If the party does not fulfill his contractual promise, or has given information to the other party that he will not perform his duty as mentioned in the contract or if by his action and conduct he seems to be unable to perform the contract, he is said to breach the contract.Remedies for Breach of Contract•Damages, which may include:o Compensatory damageso Punitive damageso Incidental damageso Liquidated damageso Nominal damages•Coercive reliefo Specific performanceo Injunctionso Restitutiono Account of profits【版权声明】《合同法CONTRACTS》的版权属于法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试委员会所有。

法律英语学习方法书籍推荐

法律英语学习方法书籍推荐在当今全球化的世界中，法律英语的学习变得愈发重要。

无论是法律从业者还是普通公民，都可能面临需要理解和应用法律英语的情况。

然而，法律英语的学习并非易事，因此找到合适的学习方法和资源至关重要。

本文将为您推荐几本高质量的法律英语学习方法书籍，希望能够对您的学习有所帮助。

1. 《法律英语词汇学习手册》《法律英语词汇学习手册》是由知名法律英语专家编写的一本权威学习指南。

这本书从常用法律英语词汇出发，通过详细的释义和例句，帮助读者掌握法律英语的基础词汇。

此外，书中还提供了一些学习技巧和练习题，帮助读者巩固所学知识。

对于初学者来说，这本书是一个很好的起点，能够帮助他们建立起对法律英语基础词汇的理解和应用能力。

2. 《法律英语实践指南》《法律英语实践指南》由一位资深律师撰写，旨在帮助读者掌握法律英语的实际应用技巧。

这本书通过真实案例和模拟对话，展示了法律英语在实践中的运用方式。

同时，书中还包含了大量的实用短语和表达，帮助读者提升自己的交流能力。

无论是需要向外国客户解释法律问题，还是需要在国际法庭上发表论述，这本书都能帮助您更加自如地运用法律英语。

3. 《英美法律文书写作指南》对于法律专业的学生和从业者来说，掌握法律文书写作是必不可少的能力。

《英美法律文书写作指南》是一本教授法律专业写作技巧的参考书。

这本书详细介绍了英美法律体例的特点和要求，提供了大量的实例和范文，帮助读者学习和掌握正确的法律文书写作风格。

无论是撰写法律意见书、法律研究报告还是法律合同，这本书都能给您提供很好的指导和实践经验。

4. 《法律英语阅读与翻译》《法律英语阅读与翻译》是一本专为法律英语学习者编写的教材。

这本书以真实的法律案例作为素材，特别针对法律英语的阅读和翻译技巧进行了详细讲解。

通过逐步引导读者分析和理解法律文件和案例，书中提供了大量的词汇和短语解释，帮助读者掌握法律英语的理解和表达能力。

无论是需要阅读外国法律文书还是进行法律文件翻译，这本书都是您不可或缺的学习工具。

比较好的法律英语教材

比较好的法律英语教材：【1】美国法律英语——在法律语境中使用语言，世界图书出版社，是外国人写的，有中文译文，感觉这本书的中译文比普通的法律英语教程中译本要地道些。

【2】美国法精要系列教材（Nutshell坚果壳系列），法律出版社影印本，共22本，我用过其中的《法律谈判》、《国际商事交易》、《统一商法典》，感觉很不错，语言简练、内容精当。

【3】伊纽曼系列法律教材，中信出版社影印本，这一系列教材内容厚实、很详细、价格也有点昂贵。

感觉不好美国法精要系列的好。

【4】影印版法学基础系列，武汉大学出版社，这套教材最突出的特点是价格便宜，想不到目前还有10块钱左右的书可买，而且还是法律书籍！另一个特点是有配套的案例教材，不过配套的案例教材太过于简明了，原案的面貌变得粗线条。

不过法律基础系列对了解英国法律还是很不错的。

【5】法律英语核心教程，对外经贸大学出版社，我没仔细看这套教材，个人感觉不好，可能是因为编得内容太杂，“诸法合体”，只能略窥一斑，而不能见全身，甚至是有点断章取义。

【6】法学专业英语教程，中国人民大学出版社，共三本，好像这套书不好买。

作为入门教材还行。

【7】法律英语——中英双语法律文书制作，陶博（美国）著，复旦大学出版社。

【8】法律文本与法律翻译，李克兴、张兴红著，中国对外翻译出版公司。

这本和【7】，想学法律翻译的人应该看看。

【9】涉外法律经济英语，陈庆柏著，法律出版社。

这本书有点杂。

还有一些原版的美国案例汇编，如合同法、公司法等，书很厚，也很好，不过国内是没得买的，因此不列明了。

此外还有一些，一时想不起来。

以后添上。

法律英语翻译的工具书：法律英语翻译的工具书，市面上有很多，但良莠不齐，许多法律英语词典很有问题。

因此，只列最重要的几本。

【1】元照英美法词典，法律出版社。

我强烈推荐这一本词典，这本书有一个传奇的故事，书做得很精致，词条翻译得也很地道、很精湛、很详细。

我认为他是目前国内唯一一本可以称得上法律词典的词典。

法律英语考试LEC考试美国法基础知识

法律英语考试LEC考试美国法基础知识Sources of lawIn the United States， the law is derived from four sources. These four sources are constitutional law，statutory law，administrative regulations， and the common law （which includes case law）。

The most important source of law is the United States Constitution. All other law falls under， and is subordinate to，that document. No law may contradict the Constitution. For example， if Congress enacts a statute that conflicts with the Constitution，the Supreme Court may find that law unconstitutional， and declare it invalid.Notably， a statute does not disappear automatically merely because it has been found unconstitutional； it must be deleted by a subsequent statute. Many federal and state statutes have remained on the books for decades after they were ruled to be unconstitutional. However， under the principle of stare decisis，no sensible lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute，and any court that does so will be reversed by the Supreme Court. Conversely， any court that refuses to enforce a constitutional statute （where such constitutionality has been expresslyestablished in prior cases） will risk reversal by the Supreme Court.。

《法律英语阅读教程》读书笔记模板

Unit 12 Environmental Law
CITIZENS TO PRESERVE OVERTON PARK v.VOLPE 401 U.S.402 KEY TRONIC CORPORATION，A WASHINGTON CORPORATION v.UNITED STATES OF AMERICA;
PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL，INC.v.J.PPLY，INC.，FARM ADVANTAGE，INC.，LARRY BENZ，MERLE PRUETT，KEVIN WOLFSWINKEL，TIM KAMSTRA，AND TOM EISCHEN SEED AND CHEMICALS 200 F.3d 1374
Unit 17 Torts
JEFFREY OR H.HERMAN 499 N.W.2d 472 THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS—PAN AMERICAN v.TONY AGUILAR AND KAY MARIE AGUILAR 251 s.w.3d 511 BIG TOWN NURSING HOME，D TERRY NEWMAN 461 S.W.2d 195
5 Appendix II
本书部分法律术语
Appendix III 常用拉丁语法律词汇
Sources of Reading Materials Used in This Book
Unit 1 Introduction to Legal Reading Skills
1.The Specific Skills of Legal Reading 2.The Structure of a Judicial Opinion 3.Frequently Used Legal Terms in Opinions 4.Speed and Comprehension

英语法律案例书籍推荐(3篇)

第1篇Introduction:The study of law is a complex and intricate journey, often filled with countless case studies that shape legal thought and practice. For students, scholars, and professionals alike, delving into the annals of legal history can provide invaluable insights into the evolution oflegal principles and the practical application of law. This comprehensive list of must-read case books aims to guide readers through the legal labyrinth, offering a diverse range of perspectives and foundational cases that have shaped the law as we know it today.1. "The Federalist Papers" by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay- Recommended for: Understanding the philosophical underpinnings of the U.S. Constitution.- Overview: This seminal work provides a detailed and persuasive argument for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, offeringinsights into the intentions and expectations of the Founding Fathers.2. "The Law" by Baron de Montesquieu- Recommended for: Exploring the principles of separation of powers and the checks and balances system.- Overview: Montesquieu's influential work laid the groundwork for modern political theory, emphasizing the importance of a balanced government to prevent tyranny.3. "Common Law" by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.- Recommended for: Gaining an understanding of the common law tradition and its impact on American jurisprudence.- Overview: Holmes, a renowned Supreme Court Justice, explores the nature of common law and its role in the development of legal doctrine.4. "The U.S. Supreme Court: A Very Short Introduction" by JeffreyS.ORKIN- Recommended for: A concise overview of the Supreme Court's history, structure, and influence on American law.- Overview: ORKIN provides a clear and engaging introduction to the Supreme Court, its justices, and its most significant cases.5. "Cases and Materials on Torts" by John D. Calamari and Paul Bator- Recommended for: A comprehensive study of tort law, including negligence, strict liability, and intentional torts.- Overview: This textbook offers a thorough exploration of tort law, with a focus on key cases that have shaped the field.6. "The Federalist No. 10" by James Madison- Recommended for: Deepening understanding of the Federalist Papers and the role of factions in a democratic society.- Overview: Madison's analysis of factions and their impact on the stability of the new government is a cornerstone of American political thought.7. "Constitutional Law: Cases and Materials" by Eric B. Markusen, et al.- Recommended for: A comprehensive look at constitutional law, including rights, liberties, and the balance of power.- Overview: This casebook covers a wide range of constitutional issues, providing in-depth analysis of landmark cases.8. "Criminal Law: Cases and Materials" by John H. Langbein- Recommended for: An exploration of criminal law principles, including mens rea, actus reus, and the death penalty.- Overview: Langbein's work delves into the intricacies of criminal law, with a focus on significant case law and legal theory.9. "Contracts: Cases and Materials" by Charles J. Goetz, Robert E. Scott, and Peter J. Smith- Recommended for: A thorough examination of contract law, including offer, acceptance, consideration, and performance.- Overview: This casebook provides a comprehensive look at contract law, with an emphasis on the enforceability and interpretation of agreements.10. "Property: Cases and Materials" by Peter Goodrich- Recommended for: Understanding the legal framework of property rights, including ownership, transfer, and regulation.- Overview: Goodrich's text offers a detailed analysis of property law, exploring various forms of property and the legal principles that govern them.11. "Civil Rights Cases" by John Marshall Harlan- Recommended for: A historical perspective on the struggle forcivil rights in the United States.- Overview: Harlan's dissenting opinion in this landmark case is a powerful argument for the protection of civil rights under theFourteenth Amendment.12. "Roe v. Wade: The Right to Choose" by David J. Garrow- Recommended for: An in-depth look at the landmark abortion rights case and its impact on American law.- Overview: Garrow provides a detailed account of the Roe v. Wade case, examining the legal, political, and social implications of the decision.Conclusion:Navigating the legal labyrinth requires a keen understanding of both the foundational cases and the evolving nature of law. The books listed above offer a diverse range of perspectives and are essential readingfor anyone interested in exploring the depths of legal thought and practice. Whether you are a student, a legal professional, or simply a curious reader, these case books will undoubtedly enrich your understanding of the law and its place in society.第2篇Introduction:Legal history is a rich tapestry of cases that have shaped the legal landscape we see today. From landmark Supreme Court decisions to groundbreaking trials that have set precedents, there are countless books that delve into these pivotal moments. This guide will highlight some of the most essential legal case books that every law enthusiast should consider adding to their collection. Whether you are a law student, a legal professional, or simply a curious reader, these books will provide invaluable insights into the evolution of law and its impact on society.1. "The Federalist Papers" by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John JayOne of the foundational texts in American legal history, "The Federalist Papers" is a collection of 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay. These essays were published in newspapers across New York in 1787 and 1788, aiming to persuade the citizens of New York to ratify the newly proposed Constitution. The Federalist Papers are a cornerstone of constitutional law and continue to be studied for their insights into the principles upon which the United States was founded.2. "The O.J. Simpson Trial: The Case That Captivated America" by Jeffrey ToobinJeffrey Toobin's comprehensive account of the O.J. Simpson murder trial captures the drama, the legal strategies, and the cultural significance of one of the most famous criminal trials in American history. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the intersection of media, celebrity, and the legal system.3. "Scalia v. Kennedy: The clash of constitutional principles in Bush v. Gore" by Jeffrey RosenIn this insightful book, legal scholar Jeffrey Rosen examines the 2000 presidential election and the Supreme Court's controversial decision in Bush v. Gore. Rosen delves into the legal arguments, the political context, and the lasting impact of this landmark case on the Supreme Court and American politics.4. "Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy" by Michael J. KlarmanMichael J. Klarman's book provides a thorough analysis of the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954, which declared state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional. Klarman explores the legal, political, and social context of the caseand its implications for civil rights in America.5. "In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and a Man on the Run" by Truman CapoteWhile not a traditional legal case book, Truman Capote's "In Cold Blood" is a seminal work in the genre of true crime literature. The book chronicles the brutal murder of the Clutter family in Kansas and the subsequent trial and execution of the killers. Capote's meticulous research and narrative style make this a compelling read for those interested in the psychological and legal aspects of criminal behavior.6. "The Legacy of Brown v. Board of Education: Brown v. Board at Fifty" edited by Michael J. KlarmanThis collection of essays celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Brown v. Board of Education decision. The contributors analyze the legal, educational, and social implications of the case and its legacy, providing a comprehensive look at the ongoing struggle for racialequality in America.7. "The Trials of Lenny Bruce: The Rise and Fall of an American Icon" by James GavinJames Gavin's biography of Lenny Bruce, a pioneering stand-up comedian, explores the intersection of free speech, comedy, and the law. The book details Bruce's legal troubles, including his controversial trial for obscenity, and his eventual demise in the face of a repressive legal climate.8. "The Case for Moral Clarity: Israel, Hamas, and Gaza" by Alan DershowitzIn this thought-provoking book, renowned lawyer and legal scholar Alan Dershowitz argues for a clear moral stance in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, drawing on legal principles and historical context. The book is a compelling read for those interested in international law and the complexities of conflict resolution.Conclusion:These legal case books offer a diverse range of perspectives on some of the most significant legal battles and decisions in history. From constitutional law to criminal justice, each book provides valuable insights into the legal system and its impact on society. Whether you are looking to deepen your understanding of the law or simply enjoy a good legal read, these books are sure to provide hours of engaging and informative content.第3篇Introduction:Legal casebooks have long been a staple in the study of law, providing students and professionals with a comprehensive understanding of legal principles and the application of these principles in real-life scenarios. Whether you are a law student, a practicing attorney, or simply fascinated by the judicial system, the following collection of English legal casebooks offers a diverse range of perspectives and insights into the law. Dive into these pages and embark on a journey through the judicial landscape.1. "Cases and Materials on Contract Law" by John Y. Gotanda and Richard W. FordThis casebook is a must-read for anyone interested in contract law. It covers a wide array of contract-related issues, from formation and consideration to performance and breach. With an emphasis on both common law and statutory principles, this book provides a thorough examination of the complexities involved in contract disputes. The cases and materials are carefully selected to illustrate the evolution of contract law over time.2. "Torts: Cases and Materials" by Arthur R. Miller and Michael J. EpsteinTorts law is a crucial component of legal practice, and this casebook is an excellent resource for understanding its intricacies. "Torts: Cases and Materials" offers a comprehensive exploration of various tort claims, including negligence, intentional torts, and liability in various contexts. The book features a wide range of cases that demonstrate the application of tort law principles in real-life situations.3. "Criminal Law: Cases and Materials" by John H. Blume and Wayne R. LaFaveThis casebook is a comprehensive guide to criminal law, covering boththe theoretical underpinnings and the practical application of criminal law principles. It includes a vast array of cases that illustrate the complexities of criminal law, from the elements of various crimes to defenses and sentencing. "Criminal Law: Cases and Materials" is an invaluable resource for law students and practitioners alike.4. "Constitutional Law: Cases and Materials" by Erwin Chemerinsky and Michael C. RamseyConstitutional law is a cornerstone of legal education and practice.This casebook provides a thorough examination of the United States Constitution, its interpretation, and the Supreme Court's decisions that have shaped American law. It covers a range of topics, including federalism, civil liberties, and separation of powers. "ConstitutionalLaw: Cases and Materials" is an essential text for anyone interested in the American legal system.5. "Administrative Law: Cases and Materials" by John G. Sprankling and Richard B. CollinsAdministrative law governs the relationship between the government and individuals and entities within the regulatory framework. This casebook explores the fundamental principles of administrative law, including rulemaking, adjudication, and enforcement. It includes a variety ofcases that demonstrate the challenges and complexities of navigating the administrative law landscape.6. "Legal Writing: Cases, Comments, and Exercises" by Steven J.atuweh, Michael A. Carrier, and G. Robert BlakeyEffective legal writing is a critical skill for any attorney. This casebook combines cases, comments, and exercises to help studentsdevelop their legal writing skills. It covers a range of legal writing topics, from drafting memoranda and briefs to appellate advocacy. "Legal Writing: Cases, Comments, and Exercises" is an indispensable guide for law students and young lawyers.7. "Property Law: Cases and Materials" by John E. Cribbet and Charles J. GoetzProperty law governs the ownership and use of land and personal property. This casebook provides an in-depth analysis of property law principles, including conveyancing, trespass, and real estate transactions. It features a collection of cases that illustrate the nuances of property law and its impact on individuals and society.Conclusion:The world of legal casebooks is vast and varied, offering a wealth of knowledge and insights into the law. Whether you are a law student looking to build a strong foundation in legal education or a practicing attorney seeking to enhance your understanding of specific legal areas, the books mentioned above are sure to provide you with valuableresources. Immerse yourself in these casebooks and expand your knowledge of the judicial landscape.。

大学法律英语教材推荐

大学法律英语教材推荐在大学法律英语教学中，选择适合的教材对学生的学习起着至关重要的作用。

毕竟，合适的教材不仅能够帮助学生理解法律英语的基本知识和专业术语，还能提供丰富的案例和实例来加深他们的理解。

因此，本文将向您推荐几本备受大学法律英语教师和学生推崇的优秀教材。

首先，推荐的教材之一是《法律英语》（Legal English）编写者为Rupert Haigh。

这本教材被公认为是法律英语领域的经典之作，被广泛用于全球的法律学院和专业培训机构。

该教材以英文解释了法律英语的基本概念和词汇，并通过案例分析和法律文件解读来帮助学生熟悉实际应用。

该书内容丰富，条理清晰，语言简洁明了，非常适合初学者和进阶学习者使用。

其次，推荐的教材是《法律英语教程》（Legal English Coursebook）由Tony Corballis和Jeremy Walenn合著。

这本教材以法律英语的实际运用为核心，为学生提供了大量的案例、合同和法律文件，并配有详细的解释和习题。

教材注重培养学生的听、说、读、写四项技能，并提供了丰富的练习和模拟考试，以帮助学生更好地掌握法律英语的应用技巧。

第三本推荐的教材是《国际商法英语》（International Legal English）编写者为Amy Krois-Lindner、TransLegal翻译中心和Cambridge大学出版社合作完成。

此教材专注于国际商法领域的英语应用，通过详细讲解国际商法词汇、习惯用语和惯例，帮助学生提高他们在国际商务交流中的英语水平。

教材结构紧凑，内容精彩，配有大量的练习和案例研究，以让学生在实践中灵活运用所学知识。

最后，推荐的教材是《英国法律英语词汇手册》（A Dictionary of Law），编写者为Jonathan Law。

这本词汇手册为学生提供了全面而实用的英国法律英语词汇，详细解释了各种法律术语和概念。

该手册不仅适用于英国的学生和从业人员，也适合国际学生和专业人士学习和使用。

法律英语证书(LEC)全国统一考试【简介】【说明】【考试大纲】【评测标准】

法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试【简介】【说明】【考试大纲】【评测标准】法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试【简介】外语能力一直是衡量法律职业者素质和专业水平的一个重要方面，特别是经济全球化和我国对外开放不断深入的新形势对法律工作者的英语能力提出了更高的要求。

然而，由于法律英语的特殊性，国内一直没有一个科学的考核指标衡量法律从业人员专业英语的掌握程度。

法律英语证书（Legal English Certificate，简称LEC）全国统一考试的推出填补了国内相关领域的空白。

法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试指导委员会依托中国政法大学和北京外国语大学具体组织考试工作，旨在为从事涉外业务的企业、律师事务所提供招募国际性人才的客观标准，同时督促国内法律从业人员提高专业英语水平。

法律英语证书考试的题型、考察内容与美国的律师资格考试相近，同时又突出了法律英语语言运用的特色，并结合中国的实际增加了法律英语翻译测试。

公检法机关和企事业单位从事涉外法务工作人员；从事涉外法务的律师，公司法律部门的从业人员；高等院校法律、英语、经贸等专业学生；愿意从事法律英语教学的教师以及社会上一切法律英语爱好者均可参加法律英语证书（LEC）考试。

该考试证书是从事涉外法律服务工作人员专业英语水平权威证明，通过考试并取得LEC证书也是赴美攻读法学专业及取得美国律师职业资格的可靠保证。

法律英语证书考试每年举行两次，分别在5月份和12月份的最后一个周六举行，目前已在北京、上海、广州等城市设主考点，法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试指导委员会全面负责组考工作。

考试不受年龄、性别、职业、地区、学历等限制，持本人有效身份证件即可报名参加考试。

法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试【说明】一、法律英语证书（LEC）考试实行全国统一大纲、统一命题、统一考试制度。

欲了解考试相关信息，考生可随时登陆法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试官方网站.二、法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试指导委员会下设专家指导委员会，其主要职责是指导考试工作，提出理论学术新观点，参加全国统考委主办的学术研讨及座谈会议，负责制定法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试的考试大纲、研究开发考题、编写教材及考试辅导资料等。

2020年法律英语证书LEC样题参照模板

法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试样题试卷一本题为单项选择题，限时180分钟。

1. Bill of Rightsa. Domestic federal legislation.b. Legal protection against interference of rights by private individuals.c. A popular name given to the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.d. The federal constitutional provision which grants rights to state governments.2. Standinga. Abbreviation of “notwithstanding”b. The ability to bring a lawsuit because of a party’s actual injury for which the court can provide aremedy.c. The ripeness of a case or controversy.d. The status of a person, group, or organization appearing as a “friend of the court.”3. Considerationa. Process of judicial deliberation before rendering a decision in a contested case.b. The lengthy recitals of “boilerplate” language appearing in many contracts.c. The inducement to enter a contract, and a necessary element to prove the validity of a contract.d. The detrimental reliance of an offeree.4. Promissory Estoppela. A failure to prosecute a civil or criminal action.b. Power to make an offer to the public rather than a specific individual.c. Equitable doctrine recognized as substitute for consideration in some cases.d. Ability of an agent to bind a principal in matters beyond the scope pf agency.5. Punitive Damagesa. Damages to compensate for injury .b. Civil damages meant to punish the wrongdoer for causing injury.c. “Nominal” or minimal damages.d. Non-monetary damages, such as an injunction (injunctive relief) or” specific injunction (injunctive relief) or “specific performance” of a contract obligation.6. When airplanes fly over your home, are your property rights violated?a. No, never.b. Normally, no, unless the flights are low and frequent.c. Yes, because you own all the air above your home, into outer space.d. Normally, no, based on your right to quiet use and enjoyment of the property.7. Venuea. The street or avenue where a courthouse can often be found.b. Diversity of citizenship.c. The dates of a trial.d. The location of a trial.8. Depositiona. A tool of discovery used before trial.b. Statements made by a witness on the witness stand during trial (also known as “trial testimony”).c. The position a defendant is placed in while waiting for a trial.d. The court’s resolution of a case.9. Generally speaking, a limited partnership may be dissolved by which of the following events or occurrences?a. By the filing of a certificate of limited partnership.b. By a relocation of the partnership.c. By the marriage of a limited partner.d. By the bankruptcy of a general partner.10. A corporation is a legal entity:a. created by the local government.b. created and recognized by an entrepreneurial agency.c. managed internally by the federal government.d. created and recognized by state law in most cases.11. Jurisdictiona. A geographic area, used primarily for determining eligibility to vote.b. The presence of a defendant in a state where he or she can be served with a summons or a subpoena.c. The power of the executive branch to enforce the judgments of the courts.d. The power and authority of a court or other body to render judgment in a case.12.Paralegala. A secondary source of law.b. A lawyer’s assistant.c. One who holds an advanced law degree.d. A law student.13. Kirby Construction Co. in preparing its bid for the construction a new hospital received a quotation of $120,000 from Kat’s Interiors Inc．who offered to do the kitchen work in the new hospital．This bid was $30，000 lower than Kirby’s next lowest bid for the kitchen work．As a result，Kirby lowered his bid by $20，000 before submitting it to the hospital board．After Kirby was awarded the construction bid，and had accepted Kat's offer, Kat’s president discovered that in his preparation of the quotation he had overlooked some subsidiary kitchen installments required by the plans．Immediately thereafter, Kat’s Interiors brings suit for rescission of the contract．They should(A)succeed，because of the unilateral mistake(B)not succeed，unless Kirby knew or should have known of Kat's error(C)succeed，because the mistake was an essential element of the bargain(D)not succeed，since the computation mistake was antecedent to acceptance of the bid14. In disputes over whether a partnership exists, which of the following is NOT considered to be an essential element?(A) An equal right in the management of the business.(B) The sharing of profits or losses.(C) The consultation on business strategy.(D) Joint ownership in the business.15. This jurisdiction makes suicide a crime. Jilly, a day trader, is despondent over a failed marriage and catastrophic financial losses during the recent 2,000 point drop in the Nasdaq stock exchange. Jilly went up to the roof of her fourth story apartmentbuilding and decided to jump off. She landed on top of two pedestrians, Alex and Jean Pietro, who cushioned her fall and saved her life. Unfortunately, Alex and Jean Pietro were seriously injured when Jilly crashed on top of them.Jilly is guilty of(A) battery(B) attempted murder(C) attempted manslaughter(D) reckless endangerment16. The Commonwealth of Delmarva has passed a law that provides that only residents of Delmarva who are citizens of the United States can own agricultural land in the state. Delp, a citizen of the United States who resides in the neighboring state of Agoura, has contracted with Barerra to purchase the latter’s farm which is located in Delmarva. Barrera, who is a resident of Delmarva, has been informed by his attorney that his sales agreement with Delp is null and void under state law.Which of the following is the best constitutional argument to contest the validity of the Delmarva statute?(A) The Contract Clause prohibition against a state from enacting any law that will impair the obligation of contracts.(B) The Privileges and Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.(C) The Privileges and Immunities Clause under Article IV, Section 2.(D) The national property power provision under Article IV, Section 3.17. Alice is sitting on her front porch watching her husband Bruce，who is mowing the lawn．Carl，who hates Bruce but is a friend of Alice’s，whose presence is known to him，draws a pistol and threatens to kill Bruce．Alice，who is pregnant，Suffers severe emotional distress as a result of the trauma and soon afterwards has a miscarriage．In an action by Alice against Carl for mental anguish resulting in her miscarriage，Alice will(A)lose，because Carl did not know that Alice was pregnant(B)win，because it is highly probable that Carl’s extreme and outrageous conduct would cause emotional distress to Alice(C)lose，because Carl's actions were directed against Bruce，so only Bruce may recover for emotional distress(D)win，because she is Bruce's wife18. Clyde Cooch, a prominent judge, lived next door to Lester Biggs．Recently Judge Cooch had sentenced Lester Biggs' son, Dopey, to six months in prison on a narcotics charge．One afternoon while judge Cooch was mowing his lawn，Lester decided to avenge his son's conviction．Lester set up his water sprinkler behind some shrubbery separating their adjoining properties．As the judge was mowing his lawn and came within reach of the water sprinkler, Lester turned on the sprinkling device，and doused the judge with water．Judge Cooch would be able to recover against Lester for which of the followingtort(s)：(A) negligence(B) battery(C) assault and battery(D) battery and trespass19. Cassie and her four-year-old son，Noah，were Christmas shopping at F.A.O. Schwartz Toy Store in midtown Manhattan．F.A.O. Schwartz，which operates one of New York's largest retail toy stores，sells a complete array of toys，games，dolls，hobbies and crafts．The iterns were displayed on a variety of tables and shelves which were easily accessible to the customers．While Cassie was walking down one of theaisles，her attention became focused on a "Howdy Doody” doll that was prominently exhibited on an overhead display shelf．When Cassie approached the doll display, she reached up to grab the "Howdy Doody" doll．As she did so, Cassie failed to see a “Buffalo Bob” doll lying on the floor．She tripped over the doll and fell down, fracturing her hip．If Cassie asserts a claim against F.A.O. Schwartz for her injuries，will the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur be applicable on the issue of the toy store's liability?(A)Yes，because Cassie was a business invitee on the premises of the toy store．(B)Yes，because F.A.O. Schwarfz was in control of the premises at the time of the accident．(C)No, because the "Buffalo Bob" doll may have been dislodged by another customer．(D)No，unless the “Buffalo Bob” doll had been displayed on the edge of the shelf in a negligent manner by one of F.A.O. Schwartz's employees．20. Amos is the owner in fee simple of Blackacre. a 7-acre tract, on which he maintains a dwelling house for himself and his family．Adjoining Blackacre is Whiteacre，a 10-acre tract，owned by Andy．In order to gain access to the highway, Amos has an easement to cross over Whiteacre．Amos has recently purchased Greenacre，a 12-acre tract，which abuts Whiteacre but is not appurtenant to Blackacre. Amos has begun constructing a farmhouse on Greenacre and is using the existing easement (across Whiteacre) to gain access to the 12-acre tract．Amos has never received permission from Andy to use the road across Whiteacre to gain access to Greenacre．In an appropriate action by Andy to enjoin Amos from using the existing easement to gain access to Greenacre，the plaintiff will most likely(A)succeed，because Amos is making use of the servient tenement beyond the scope and extent of the easement as it was originally created(B)succeed，because Amos has no right to use the servient tenement in connection with a tract of land which is not part of the dominant tenement(C)not succeed，because Amos has an easement by necessity(D)not succeed，because Amos has a right to use the easement in a manner not inconsistent with the rights of the owner of the servient tenement试卷二本题包括翻译、写作两部分，共限时180分钟1 Translation(1)Please translate the following paragraph into English根据中国银监会的资料，截至2004年12月31日，中国境内共有12家持有全国性银行执照的股份制商业银行。

法律英语书目

法律英语书籍及网站一、参考文献1．《新编法学英语教程》(上、下册),谢立新、马庆林、白小兰编著,上海教育出版社2000年版.2．《法律英语阅读》，陈忠诚编著，法律出版社2003年版.3．《法律英语》（第二版）,何家弘编, 法律出版社出版2003年版.4．《法律英语核心教程》（共三册）,杜金榜、张新红主编,对外经贸大学出版社2002年版。

5．《涉外经济法律英语》，陈庆柏编著，法律出版社1994年版.6．《法律专业英语》，朱义坤著，济南大学出版社1997年版.7．《法学英语》，罗俊明主编，上海外语教育出版社1995年版.8．《法律英语——中英双语法律文书制作》，陶博著、龚柏华编，复旦大学出版社2004年版.9．《法律基础双语教程》，王士如主编，南开大学出版社2002年版. 10．《简明中国法》（英文版），朱羿锟著，法律出版社2003年版.11．《最新法律专业英语——读写全程点拨》,何主宇主编,机悈工业出版社2003年版.12．《涉外法律英语》,李妍主编,外语教学与研究出版社2003年版. 13．《法律英语教程》,赵雁丽主编,西安交通大学出版社2003年版. 14．《英美法导论》,徐震宇主编, 机悈工业出版社出版，2005年版. 15．《法理学基础》（Essential Jurisprudence）（影印本）,Austin M Chinhengo 著,武汉大学出版社2004年版.16．《盎格鲁——美利坚法律史》（Historical Introduction to Anglo-American law）,Frederick G. Kempin著, 法律出版社2001年版.17．《比较法传统》（Comparative Legal Tradition）,Mary A.Glendon, Michael W. Gordon, Paolo G. Carozza著, 法律出版社2004年版. 18．《法理学——法哲学》（Jurisprudence: Legal Philosophy）,Surya Prakash Sinha著, 法律出版社2004年版.19．《英国法律体系》（Essential English Legal System）（影印本）,Jan McCormick-Watson著,武汉大学出版社2003年版.20．《刑事程序》（Criminal procedure）,Jerold H. Israel, Wayne R. Lafave 著，法律出版社1999年版.21．《产品责任》（Products liability）,Jerry J. Phillips著，法律出版社1999年版.22．《法律语言学研究》,刘蔚铭著, 中国经济出版社2003年版.23．《法律翻译——从实践出发》,陆文惠主编, 法律出版社2004年版. 24．《英汉法律词典》, 《英汉法律词典》编写组编,法律出版社1985年版. 25．《英汉法律词典》（修订本）,陆文惠主编,法律出版社2002年版. 26．《牛津现代法律用语词典》,Bryan A.Garner,法律出版社2003年版.27．《牛津法律大辞典》,David M. Walker等主编，李双元等译, 法律出版社2002年版.28．《英汉——汉英双向法律辞典》,程逸群主编，中国政法大学出版社1999.年版.29.《英汉双向法律词典》，何高大主编，上海交通大学出版社200年版.30．《新汉英法学词典》，余叔通、文嘉主编，法律出版社1998年版.31．Black’s Law Dictionary(8th Ed.), by Bryan A.Garner editor in chief et al.，West Group,2004.32.Anglo-American Legal System(3rd Ed.),by Edgar Brodenheimer et al.,West Group,2001.33.Understanding Law School, by various authors, LexisNexis, 2004.34.American Legal History——Cases and Materials, by Kermit L. Hall,Oxford,1996.35.The Bluebook——A Uniform System of Citation(8th.Ed),compiled bythe editors of the Columbia Law Review, etc., the Harvard LawReview Association,2005.36.The Redbook——A Manual on Legal Style, by Bryan A. Garner, WestGroup,2002.37.Understanding the Law, by Donald L. Carper et al., West PublishingCompany,1991.38.Legal Reasoning, Research, and Writing for International GraduateStudents, by Nadia E. Nedzel, ASPEN Publishers,2004.39．Introduction to the American Legal System，by Enika H. Schulze, P. Michael Jung, and Rebecca P. Adams, Dallas, Texas: PearsonPublications Company, 2000.40.Fundamentals of American Law,by Alan B. Morrison, London: OxfordUniversity Press. 1996.41. Law 101—Everything You Need to Know About the American LegalSystem, by Jay M. Feinman, New York: Oxford University Press.2000.42. American Legal English Using Language in Legal Contexts. DebraS.Lee, Charles Hall, et Marsha Hurley, The University of MichiganPress, 1999.43. Introduction to the Law of the United States, by David S. Clark,Tugrul Ansay, Deventer: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1992.二．中外文献导读1．《新编法学英语教程》(上、下册),谢立新、马庆林、白小兰编著,上海教育出版社2000年版.《新编法学英语教程》是为法学各专业学生在修完大学英语后进一步学习基础法学英语知识而编写的，旨在通过这套教材的实践，帮助学生掌握法学英语的基础词汇，了解新的国外法学研究成果并通过教学实践获得运用法学英语的基本技能，形成熟练阅读理解法学文献以及较为严谨的汉译英的能力。

LEC_考试备考重点

英语世界 2022·01
6. Conclusion（结论）
结论部分是在对案件涉及的一系列法律问题做出回答的基础上给出的
最终法律意见。对案件所涉法律问题逐个分析并回答后，需要结合客户的
具体情形进行分析和方案选择，给出一个较为合理的法律意见供客户决策
时参考。
结论部分的意见要和客户的问题相对应。如果客户的问题是从多个方
案中选择一个，那么结论部分就需要对多个方案进行利弊分析、横向比较，
二、legal memo 的写作结构法律写作是法律思维的重要载体，不同类型的法律文书有着不同的
组织结构。许多大型律师事务所和法学院都制定自己的法律备忘录格式。虽然目前没有统一标准的 legal memo 写作规范，但通常会包括以下六部分：Heading、Question(s) Presented、Brief Answer(s)、Statement of Facts、 Discussion 和 Conclusion。
本题要求考生论述 communication 方式的变化。communication 有多种
* 上海外国语大学国际新闻硕士，讲师，专注大学英语写作教学十余年。
〔承前页〕
于当前案例，即体现出普通法系的 stare decisis（遵循先例原则）。这里要
处理各种“逻辑关系”，既需要 deductive reasoning（演绎推理），也需要
120 法律英语
LEC 考试备考重点：如何撰写 legal memo（上）
文 / 汤文华
一、了解 legal memo 及其作用 legal memo（法律备忘录，亦称 legal memorandum、law office memo）
是美国律师处理事务时最常见的一种法律文书，它是起草人在研究和分析的基础上，对某一法律问题做出书面解释、提出意见的法律文件。在中国的红圈所和精品所中，多数项目都涉及与外国客户打交道，所以撰写 legal memo 自然成为涉外业务必不可少的一部分。

《法律英语》学生参考资料

《法律英语》学生参考资料英文法律、法规The Agreement on Establishment of World Trade Organization (WTO)Understanding On Rules And Procedures Governing The Settlement Of DisputesThe U.S. ConstitutionThe Chinese Constitution (English Version)案例:马伯里诉麦迪逊案参考书目1)何家弘《法律英语》北京:法律出版社20042)何主宇《最新法律专业英语》北京:机械工业出版社3)赵雁丽《法律英语教程·上下册》西安: 西安交通大学出版社20034)杜金榜《法律英语阅读教程·1-3册》北京: 对外经济贸易大学出版社20035)赵建夏国佐主编《法学专业英语教程·上下册》北京: 中国人民大学出版社19996)沙丽金, 林萍编写《法律英语教程》北京: 中国政法大学出版社, 19977)唐桂民《法律英语听说教程·上下册》北京: 对外贸易大学出版社, 20048)李宗锇潘惠仪《英汉法律大词典》北京: 法律出版社, 19989)Bryan A. Garner 《牛津现代法律用语词典-A Dictionary of Modern LegalUsage》北京: 法律出版社, 200210)Catherine Elliott, Quinn F., English Legal System, Edinburgh: PearsonEducation Limited, 200211)Bradgate Robert, Commercial Law, London: Butterworths, 199512)Jill Poole, Contract Law, London: Blackstone Press, 200113)John H.Jackson, Legal Problems of International Economic Relations: cases,Materials and Text on The National and International Regulation ofTransnational Economic Relations, USA: West Publishing Co.,1995参考文章法律英语辞典网络版: /lawdictionaries.htm (Dictionaries on the web)∙Butterworth's Legal Words Dictionary. "This small dictionary is designed as a quick point of reference for those wanting a clear explanation of the most common legal terms."∙Duhaime's Law Dictionary. If legalese is a foreign tongue to you, Canadian lawyer Lloyd Duhaime defines legal terms in "plain language".∙ Merriam Webster Dictionary of Law. This search-only dictionary site promises 10,000 definitions. But you have to know the word you want to define (and how to spell it) to use this resource at all, and you may have to be a lawyer tounderstand the definitions when you do receive them. Example: "absolute fee" is defined as "a fee granted with no restrictions or limitations on alienability. See also fee simple absolute."If someone had invested the time to make this a browsable dictionary, you might then have a chance to learn the legal meaning of "alienability" or to follow the crossreference to "fee simple absolute." While it could easily have been done, it has notbeen done. Use this as a last resort. It has a larger number of entries than others, soyou may have to use it.∙FindLaw Legal Dictionary suffers from the same problems because it too is Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law with a search form, no browsing, and more or less inscrutable definitions if you haven't already gone to law school. (If you did, you already have a law dictionary!) Another last resort destination.∙ Legal Dictionary.∙XRefer is an integrated collection of ready-reference sources, including dictionaries.One such included resource is A Dictionary of Law published by Oxford University Press. So if you enter a legal term, you should see results from this legal dictionary at the top of your results list.∙International Law Dictionary & Directory. From Professor Ray August, who teaches in the College of Business and Economics at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington.∙Eaton County, Michigan Prosecuting Attorney: Common Legal Terms in Michigan.Although its title refers to Michigan and it incorporates Michigan references, this collection of criminal law terms may at least partially answer your questions even if you are in another state or country. Just remember to consider how the concepts defined may be applied where you are.∙Minnesota Supreme Court Legal Glossary.∙See also OneLook Dictionaries.Lists hundreds of online dictionaries and provides meta-search.∙See also Merriam-Webster's general web dictionary and thesaurus.英文互联网资料法律资源网: Willem C. Vis国际商法模拟仲裁大赛: /cisg/mootPACE大学法学院: /cisg美国爱荷华州司法网: /supreme/opinions/20011115/00-0068.asp美国法律新闻网: /lawdictionary美国芝加哥肯特法学院: /academics/lcw/grinke/start.htm教会组织网: /lawgiver/defs.asp香港法例资料系统: .hk法律英语翻译网: 新风行电影网Lexis－NexisWestlawSwetswise中文互联网资料法之精神网: 法律语言学研究网: 北大法律信息网: 厦门大学法学院: /romanlaw/sub6.htm。

法律英语证书(LEC)全国统一考试样题试卷二

法律英语证书（LEC）全国统一考试样题试卷二本题包括翻译、写作两部分，共限时180分钟1 Translation(1)Please translate the following paragraph into English根据中国银监会的资料，截至2004年12月31日，中国境内共有12家持有全国性银行执照的股份制商业银行。

截至同一日期，就总资产规模而言，本银行是这些银行中最大的。

一般而言，股份制商业银行的股东架构各不相同，包括（但不限于）当地政府实体及国有企业。

这些股份制商业银行大多数是在八十年代后期和九十年代初期组建，整体市场份额逐年增加，而四大银行的市场份额逐年下降。

根据中国银监会的资料，截至2004年12月31日，这些银行占中国金融机构总资产约14.9%。

(2) Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese2-202. Final Written Expression: Parol or Extrinsic Evidence.Terms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or which are otherwise set forth in a writing intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement with respect to such terms as are included therein may not be contradicted by evidence of any prior agreement or of a contemporaneous oral agreement but may be explained or supplemented(a) by course of dealing or usage of trade (Section 1-205) or by course of performance (Section 2-208); and(b) by evidence of consistent additional terms unless the court finds the writing to have been intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement .2 WritingSuppose you were Marie Lin, a lawyer of SHICHENG LAW FIRM, you have known that Max Chen wants to retain a legal consulting firm from afriend. Now, please write a letter to Max Chen, persuade him to choose your law firm. You also send him your firm brochure.Max Chen’s address: ABC corporation, Cyber Tower, Suite 119, Haidian, Beijing, China.Please pay more attention to format of your letter.。

法律英文案例分析书籍(3篇)

第1篇Introduction:Legal English is an essential skill for professionals working in thefield of law, especially in international contexts. Understanding legal terminology, case law, and legal reasoning is crucial for effective communication and successful practice. This book aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of legal English through a series of case studies. By examining real-life legal scenarios, readers will gain insights into the complexities of international law and develop a deeper understanding of legal English.Chapter 1: Introduction to Legal EnglishThis chapter introduces the concept of legal English and itssignificance in the field of law. It explores the reasons behind the need for legal English proficiency, including the increasingglobalization of legal practice, cross-border litigation, and international trade. The chapter also provides an overview of the key features of legal English, such as formal tone, specialized terminology, and complex sentence structures.Chapter 2: Case Study 1: The Vienna Convention on the Law of TreatiesThis case study focuses on the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), a landmark treaty that governs the formation and application of international treaties. The analysis examines the key provisions of the VCLT, including the process of treaty formation, the conditions for its entry into force, and the termination of treaties. Through the case study, readers will learn how to interpret and apply the VCLT in real-life scenarios, thereby enhancing their legal English skills.Chapter 3: Case Study 2: The International Court of Justice (ICJ) Caseon Nicaragua v. United States of AmericaThis chapter analyzes the ICJ case of Nicaragua v. United States of America, which concerned the use of force in international law. The case study explores the legal arguments presented by both parties, the ICJ'sreasoning, and the final judgment. By examining this case, readers will gain insights into the application of international law principles in disputes involving the use of force, and learn how to effectively communicate legal arguments in English.Chapter 4: Case Study 3: The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) Case on A, B and C v. United KingdomThis case study focuses on the ECHR case of A, B and C v. United Kingdom, which dealt with the issue of asylum seekers' rights. The analysis examines the key legal issues at stake, the ECHR's interpretation of relevant human rights conventions, and the final judgment. Through this case study, readers will learn how to navigate complex human rights issues in English and develop their legal reasoning skills.Chapter 5: Case Study 4: The International Criminal Court (ICC) Case on The Prosecutor v. Uhuru Muigai KenyattaThis chapter analyzes the ICC case of The Prosecutor v. Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta, which concerned allegations of crimes against humanity and war crimes. The case study explores the legal arguments presented by both parties, the ICC's reasoning, and the final judgment. Through this case study, readers will gain insights into the complexities of international criminal law and learn how to effectively communicate legal arguments in English.Chapter 6: ConclusionThis chapter summarizes the key insights gained from the case studies presented in the book. It emphasizes the importance of legal English in the field of law and highlights the significance of understanding international law principles. The chapter also encourages readers to continue developing their legal English skills through further study and practical application.Appendices:The appendices of this book provide additional resources for readers to enhance their legal English skills. These resources include glossariesof legal terminology, sample legal documents, and practice exercises.Conclusion:This book offers a comprehensive analysis of legal English through a series of case studies, providing readers with valuable insights intothe complexities of international law. By examining real-life legal scenarios, readers will develop a deeper understanding of legal English and enhance their ability to communicate effectively in the field of law. Whether you are a law student, a practicing attorney, or simplyinterested in international law, this book is an essential resource for anyone seeking to improve their legal English skills.第2篇IntroductionLegal case studies serve as a cornerstone in the study of law, providing students and professionals with a glimpse into the complexities of the judicial process. This book offers a comprehensive analysis of various legal cases, each meticulously selected to illustrate different aspects of the American judicial system. Through an in-depth examination ofthese cases, readers will gain a deeper understanding of legal principles, judicial reasoning, and the broader implications of legal decisions.Chapter 1: Introduction to Legal Case StudiesThis chapter provides an overview of the purpose and importance of legal case studies. It discusses the role of case law in the development of legal principles and the significance of analyzing past decisions to predict future outcomes. The chapter also introduces the reader to the American judicial system, highlighting its structure and the various courts that play a role in the resolution of legal disputes.Chapter 2: The Slaughter-House Cases (1873)In this landmark case, the U.S. Supreme Court addressed the issue of states' rights and the power of the federal government under the Fourteenth Amendment. The analysis of this case explores the constitutional implications of states' regulation of economic activities and the limits of federal authority. The discussion also examines the dissenting opinions and their lasting impact on the interpretation ofthe Constitution.Chapter 3: Brown v. Board of Education (1954)This landmark decision marked the beginning of the end of racial segregation in the United States. The analysis of Brown v. Board of Education delves into the legal arguments presented by both theplaintiffs and the defendants, as well as the justices' reasoning in striking down the "separate but equal" doctrine. The chapter also discusses the social and political context of the case and its long-term effects on American society.Chapter 4: United States v. Nixon (1974)This case is a prime example of the rule of law and the separation of powers in the American political system. The analysis of United States v. Nixon examines the Watergate scandal and the Supreme Court's decision to order President Richard Nixon to release tape recordings that were relevant to the investigation. The chapter discusses the implications of this decision for presidential powers and the balance of power between the branches of government.Chapter 5: Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)This case revolves around the constitutional right to an abortion as established in Roe v. Wade (1973). The analysis of Planned Parenthood v. Casey explores the justices' reevaluation of the abortion rights precedent and the implications of their decision for the rights of women and the states' rights to regulate abortion. The chapter also discusses the role of precedent in the judicial process and the evolving nature of constitutional interpretation.Chapter 6: Oyez v. Doe (1993)This case involves the First Amendment right to access government information and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). The analysis of Oyez v. Doe examines the Court's decision to uphold the FOIA and its implications for transparency in government. The chapter discusses the importance of open government and the balance between freedom of information and privacy concerns.Chapter 7: Kelo v. City of New London (2005)This case addresses the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment and the power of government to take private property for public use. The analysis of Kelo v. City of New London explores the justices' differing opinions on the scope of the Takings Clause and the constitutional implications of eminent domain. The chapter also discusses the social and political debates that arose in the wake of this decision.ConclusionThe comprehensive analysis of these legal cases in this book provides readers with a valuable resource for understanding the American judicial system. By examining these landmark decisions, readers gain insight into the complexities of legal reasoning, the role of precedent, and the broader implications of legal decisions on society. This book is an essential tool for students, professionals, and anyone interested in the study of law and its impact on our lives.AppendixThe appendix includes a glossary of legal terms, a timeline of significant legal cases, and a list of further reading materials for those interested in exploring the topics discussed in greater detail.AcknowledgmentsThe authors wish to express their gratitude to the many individuals and institutions that contributed to the research and writing of this book. Special thanks go to the librarians and staff at [Institution Name], whose assistance was invaluable in locating the necessary resources.References[This section should include a list of all the cases, books, articles, and other sources cited in the book.]第3篇Introduction:Legal case studies are an essential tool for understanding complex legal issues and how they are applied in real-life scenarios. This book aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of various legal cases, offering insights into the judicial process, legal principles, and ethical considerations involved. The cases covered range from criminal law to civil rights, from corporate law to environmental law, and much more. Each case study is meticulously examined to highlight the legal principles at play, the arguments presented by the parties involved, and the outcomes reached by the courts.Chapter 1: Introduction to Legal Case StudiesThis chapter provides an overview of legal case studies, their importance in legal education, and their role in shaping legal practice. It also discusses the various types of legal cases and the criteria used to select cases for analysis.Chapter 2: Criminal Law Case StudiesThis chapter delves into several notable criminal law cases, including:1. The Case of Breard v. Glisson: A Review of the Death Penalty and the Right to Counsel2. The Case of Miranda v. Arizona: The Right to Remain Silent and the Miranda Warnings3. The Case of United States v. Nixon: The President's Right to Executive PrivilegeChapter 3: Civil Rights Case StudiesThis chapter examines significant civil rights cases that have shaped American society:1. The Case of Brown v. Board of Education: Overturning Racial Segregation in Public Schools2. The Case of United States v. Virginia: Gender Equality in Public Education3. The Case of Obergefell v. Hodges: The Right to Same-Sex MarriageChapter 4: Corporate Law Case StudiesThis chapter focuses on cases that highlight the complexities of corporate law and governance:1. The Case of United States v. Microsoft: Antitrust Laws and the Monopolistic Practices of a Tech Giant2. The Case of Enron: The Collapse of an Energy Company and the Role of Corporate Fraud3. The Case of Chevron v. Ecuador: Environmental Law and Corporate ResponsibilityChapter 5: Environmental Law Case StudiesThis chapter explores cases that address environmental concerns and the legal framework governing environmental protection:1. The Case of Sierra Club v. Morton: The National Environmental Policy Act and Environmental Impact Statements2. The Case of Massachusetts v. EPA: The Scope of the Clean Air Act and the Regulation of Greenhouse Gases3. The Case of Rapanos v. United States: The Definition of "Waters of the United States" and Wetlands ProtectionChapter 6: Family Law Case StudiesThis chapter examines cases that deal with family law issues, including divorce, child custody, and domestic violence:1. The Case of Troxel v. Granville: Grandparent Visitation Rights and Parental Autonomy2. The Case of Massachusetts v. EPA: The Scope of the Clean Air Act and the Regulation of Greenhouse Gases3. The Case of Roper v. Simmons: The Constitutionality of the Death Penalty for JuvenilesChapter 7: International Law Case StudiesThis chapter explores cases that illustrate the application of international law and its impact on domestic legal systems:1. The Case of Nicaragua v. United States: The Extraterritorial Application of International Law2. The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro: The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia3. The Case of Kadic v. Karadzic: The Application of International Lawin U.S. CourtsChapter 8: ConclusionThis chapter summarizes the key insights gained from the case studies presented in the book. It discusses the significance of legal case studies in legal education and practice, and highlights the importanceof critical thinking and ethical considerations in legal analysis.Appendix:The appendix includes a glossary of legal terms used throughout the book, as well as a list of additional resources for further study on each case discussed.Conclusion:This comprehensive case study analysis book offers a valuable resourcefor students, practitioners, and anyone interested in understanding the complexities of legal issues. By examining real-life cases, readers can gain insights into the judicial process, legal principles, and ethicalconsiderations that shape our legal system. The book's diverse range of cases ensures that readers will find material relevant to their interests and fields of study.。

法律英语证书LEC推荐用书

2010年法律英语证书（LＥC)考试推荐用书
ＬEC考试属水平考试，没有指定复习教材。

应广大考生的要求,我们推荐如下学习书目:ﻭ
１。

《英语证书LEC考试大纲》，证书全国统考委编,法律。

定价:10．00元
2．《法律英语综合教程》，张法连编著，山大学。

定价:45。

00元
3．《法律英语写作》，张法连编著,山大学。

定价:20.00元ﻭ
４.《英语法律文本的语言特点与翻译》，卢敏著，大学。

定价:28．0０元ﻭ5。

《法律英语阅读教程》,张法连编著，山大学出版社。

定价：20。

０0元
6。

《法律英语探究》,杨俊峰，屈文生等编著,。

定价:２8。

８0元ﻭ
7.《商标法判例解读》，张法连、赖清阳编著，山大学。

定价：34．００元
法律英语证书(LEC)全国统一考试委员会
ﻭ
ﻭ。