英语基本句子成分

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英语句子成分

英语句子成分

英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

(1)主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如:I’m Miss Green.(2)谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

如:Jack cleans the room.(3)表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如:My name is Alice。

(4)宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

如:He can spell the word.有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。

指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。

如:He wrote me a letter..有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。

如:He wrote a letter to me .(5)定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。

如:Shanghai is a big city .(6)状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。

如:He works hard .(7)宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。

如:They usually keep their classroom clean. / He often helps me do my lessons.三、简单的五种基本句型:1、S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(谓语)——→主动结构例如:Time flies.1)S + V + 副词(状语)例如:Birds sing beautifully.2)S + Vi + 介词短语(状语)例如:He went on holiday.3)S + Vi + 不定式(状语)例如:We stopped to have a rest.4)S + Vi + 分词(状语)例如:I'll go swimming.2、S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓语)+ O(宾语)——→主动宾结构例如:We like English.1)S + Vt + 名词/代词例如:I like music.2)S + Vt + 不定式例如:I want to help him.[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有:decide, hope, learn, need, promise, want, 等。

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型句子成分A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。

除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。

主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。

Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。

简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。

I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.He can speak English well.come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I needDirect Object)和间接宾语I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.a secretFHe is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known Betty’s sister?There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my wayG可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.讲出划线部分的句子成分:1.Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable.2.I have a lot to say on this matter.3.Please give me some advice.4.She is quite all right now.5.A lonely person is always alone.6.A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.7.To travel abroad one must have a passport.8.He has brought back a book reporting on animal life.9. The setting sun shone on her face, lighting it up with a rosy glow.10. Isn’t it wonderful that the Chinese Team won?1.2 基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)(1)第一基本句型 SV I teach.(2)第二基本句型SVP I am a teacher.(3)第三基本句型SVO I teach English.(4)第四基本句型SVOO I teach you English.(5)第五基本句型SVOC I encourage you to learn English better.分析句子结构:1.What you said made me happy.2.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?3.After he finished his homework, he went away.4. He likes pop music.5. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.6. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.7. I find painting or drawing very relaxing.8. It is the young girl who was singing songs on the stage when we entered the hall yesterday that will have taught all of us both English and French for three years by the end of this year.。

英语句子成分及五种基本句型

英语句子成分及五种基本句型

1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner smells good.
午餐的气味很好。
3. Everything looks different.
一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
什么可以作谓语?
We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English.
及物动词 vt
My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. 不及物动词 vi
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾
例句 他时常弹吉他。 A
例句B 我想喝杯茶。
例句C 我不知道什么时候离开这儿。
例句 我承认伤害了你。 D
Tip 1
某些特定的动词习惯于用动词不定式作为其宾语,如: attempt,decide,expect,hope,learn,need, pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等
I’d like to have some coffee.
动词不定式
I enjoy working with you.
动名词
I think you are right.
宾语从句及复合宾语
I really don’t know what to do next.
思考: 一个句子中若可以存在宾语,其谓语动词应该具备 什么特点呢?
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。

这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子.换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。

这五个基本句式如下:S十V主谓结构S十V十F主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下:1.S十V句式在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.).例如:He runs quickly.他跑得快。

They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。

He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。

China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。

The gas has given out.煤气用完了.My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。

2.S十V十P句式在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。

例如:He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。

He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣.The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。

The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。

The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。

The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜.You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。

英语句子成分及五种简单句

英语句子成分及五种简单句

*There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。 这里的there没有实际意义, 不可与副词 ‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词, 表示 “(存在)有某事物”。
试比较: There is a boy there. (那儿有一个男孩) 前一个there无实意, 后一个there为副词‘那里’。
The food has turned bad.
第三类:表示保持状态的,有keep, remain, continue,stay等。
Keep quiet, children!
The weather continued fine for a long time.
It remains to be proved.
❖ 同位语 是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释或
说明,在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词 、和从句等均可作同位语。如:
We students should study hard. (students是we 的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’) We all are students. (all是we的同位语,都指 同样的‘我们’)
❖ 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September.
❖ 2) I would like to invite all my friends here. ❖ 5) He is working in the garden.
表语:是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词(如be,become)之后
基本句型: 句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上 一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合 谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做 连系动词。
系动词分两类: be, look, keep, seem等, 表情况; get, grow, become, turn等属另一类, 表变化。 be 本身没有什么意义, 只起连系主语和表语的 作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。

英语句子成分

英语句子成分

英语句子成分英语句子成分英语句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补足语和同位语八种。

主语是句子叙述的主体,谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。

谓语由动词来承担。

宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。

宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。

举例分析:1.主语:动作的执行者或状态的坚持者.主语位于句首. 如:I want an apple. I am at home.(I 是主语)形式主语:短语或句子作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,常用it代替主语,而把真正的主语放在句未。

此时称it为形式主语。

如:To see you again is glad.→ It is glad to see you again.又见到你很高兴.(it代替to see you again)2.谓语:说明主语做什么、是什么或怎样样的成分。

谓语通常在主语之后。

We watch TV every day.(watch说明主语做什)Tom is a doctor.(is a doctor说明主语是什么)She is happy.(is happy说明主语怎样样)通俗的理解:谓语是主语发出的动作或存在的状态,如上例.注意:谓语只能由动词充当,并且一个句子只能有一个谓语动词。

动词分四类,所以句子的谓语也有四种,这四种可归为两类:简单谓语和复合谓语。

简单谓语:谓语部分仅有一个行为动词。

简单谓语仅有三种情景: 如:1) I like English. (动词原形)2) Tom likes English. (动词单三形式)3) We went home. (动词过去式)复合谓语:谓语部分有两个或两个以上的词。

复合谓语有三种情景:[由整理]1) 系动词+表语如:Tom is in the room.( is是系动词)2) 情态动词+原形动词如:Tom can speak English.( can是情态动词)3) 助动词+其它动词如:Tom is reading English. ( is是助动词)注意:1) 主语与谓语之间的关系叫主谓关系,有了主语和谓语就构成了一个最简单的句子。

英语基本句子成分

英语基本句子成分

句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

主要成分:主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。

主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。

The school is far from here.名词做主语She goes to school by bike.代词做主语Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk.名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语2、谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。

分析句子的主语和谓语Mr.Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。

表语的位置用在动词be和系动词的后面。

名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。

Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.My dream is to have a robot.常见的系动词1.be动词2.与感觉有关的动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel等3.表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得”“变成”如get,grow,turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。

4、宾语是动作的对象或承受者。

及物动词必须跟宾语.及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.I saw a plane in the sky just now.名词做宾语I want three.数词做宾语I like going shopping.动名词做宾语We think predicting the future is hard.宾语从句5、宾语补足语(宾补)有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外,还须加上一个补足语。

英语句子成分大全

英语句子成分大全

英语句子成分大全英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。

掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

下面是小编为你整理的有关英语句子成分大全,欢迎阅读!英语五种基本句型列式如下:一: S V (主+谓)二: S V P (主+系+表)三: S V O (主+谓+宾)四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:S V (主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。

主语一般在句首。

注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。

不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

S │ V (不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。

2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。

3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢?6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

基本句型二: S V P (主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做连系动词。

系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。

英语中常见的句子成分

英语中常见的句子成分

英语中常见的句子成分句子成分就是组成句子的各个部分。

句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语、独立成分等。

构成句子的主体部分是主语和谓语。

表语、宾语和补足语是句子的主要成分。

其他成分如定语、状语、同位语和独立成分是句子的次要成分。

1主语主语是一个句子的主体,一般位于句首。

名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等均可作主语。

Eg. Pride goes before a fall.骄必败。

2谓语谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般位于主语之后,由动词或动词短语充当,且谓语动词有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。

Eg. I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the underground three times.我买了一张打折票,坐了三次地铁。

3宾语宾语是动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词之后。

名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、名词化的分词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等均可充当宾语成分。

Eg. People love to get together to eat,drink and have fun with each other.人们喜欢聚到一起吃喝玩乐。

4表语表语用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。

一般位于系动词之后,与之构成系表结构。

名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词、从句等均可作表语。

Eg. This gift was the Amber Room,which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.这件礼物就是琥珀屋,它之所以有这个名字,是因为造这间房子用了好几吨的琥珀。

5定语定语是修饰名词或代词,用来描述人或事物的品质或特征的句子成分。

英语基础知识句子成分

英语基础知识句子成分

句子的成分(一) 必须的成分——主语与谓语Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。

主语谓语The birds in the cage can fly high in the sky. 这个笼子的鸟能在天空高飞。

主语定语谓语状语状语1. 主语主语是一个句子的主题,一般位于句首。

单词、短语、从句均可用作主语。

No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. 谁也说不准,并且预测也是件冒险的事。

What is even more unbelieved is the fact that some murderers are out of prison after three or four years.更不可思议的是一些杀人犯三四年后被释放出狱。

2. 谓语谓语一般位于主语之后,由动词充当。

Later land animals appeared.随后,陆地上出现了动物。

I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。

We don’t have to put up with pollution. 我们不必去忍受污染。

(二)可能的成分——宾语、补语、表语、主语补足语和宾语补足语、定语、状语1. 宾语宾语是动作的承受者,只有及物动词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,所以宾语并非所有的句子都必须有的成分。

名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等均可以作宾语。

如:We love our country.我们爱我们的国家。

They reached the hotel at ten. 他们十点钟到达了旅馆。

In pairs, discuss the fares and decide where to go. 两人一组讨论路费问题并决定去哪里。

He speaks English very well. 他英语说得很好。

比较:He speaks very slowly. 他说话很慢。

英语句子成分及结构

英语句子成分及结构

英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分:主语:可以作主语的成分有名词如boy,主格代词如I ,we, he, she, they ,数词、动词不定式,动名词等;最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式;主语一般在句首;1名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的;The students all love their English teacher. ‘这些学生都爱他们的英语老师;2代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学;3动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的;It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的;4动词不定式短语作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实;It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语:谓语由动词构成,谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上,一般在主语之后;1及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助;All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说;2不及物动词作谓语You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了;The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室,手里拿着书;3连系动词作谓语He looks worried.他看起来很担心;The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重;4 复合谓语:①由情态动词加动词原形构成;如:You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成;如:Do you speak EnglishThey are working in a field.He has caught a bad cold.注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致;宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语成分一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是”代词宾格”如:me, us, him ,her ,themI like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜;I saw him yesterday. 代词昨天我看到他了;I enjoyed talking to you.我和你谈话很高兴;He wanted to have a cup of tea. 不定式短语他想要一杯茶;We hoped that you would stay for a few days.我们希望你能多待几天的;直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语;合称双宾;例如:He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水;间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事;间接宾语直接宾语表语:与连系动词连用,构成系表结构,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当;如:The flower is beautiful.They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹;Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁;The poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己;All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.你只需从机场打个的即可;My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳;定语:定语为句子的次要成分,起修饰限制名词或代词的作用,可分为前置定语和后置定语;一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语或句子充当;2 Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子;数词3 The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树下的那个女孩是凯特;介词短语4 I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典;5This is a green cup.这是一个绿色的杯子;形容词6The people here are very friendly.副词这里的人们非常友好;7 Would you like something to drink 你想要些喝的东西吗不定式8 A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人;V-ing9The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. 过去分词送往委员会的建议被采纳了;10 Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green 定从你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、原因、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等;状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间如:often或程度如:almost的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前;1 时间状语I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床;Hearing the news, they felt very excited.听到这个消息,他们感到很兴奋;2 地点状语Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国;3 程度状语4 目的状语We’ll go to the b each for a picnic this Sunday.这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊;He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper.他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸;She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.她早早地起床,以便能够赶上这辆早班车;5 方式状语We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学;Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做;6 让步状语Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.虽然她很有钱,而她并不幸福;No matter what happens, I will never lose heart.无论发生什么,我将决不失去信心;7 条件状语If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall be hind the others.假如你不努力学习,你将落后于别人;Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better.如果给予更多的关心的话,这些花将长得更好;8 原因状语We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather.由于天气不好,我们没有去公园;Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.由于病了,他没有去上学;9 结果状语The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.风是如此地猛烈,以致于我们寸步难行;He left early, so that he caught the train.他早早地离去,结果因此赶上了火车;10 伴随状语The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm.这位医生匆匆离去,胳膊下夹着一个药箱子;The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 老师进到教室里来,后面跟着一群学生;补语:补语是起补充说明作用的成份;最常见的是宾语补足语;名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补;1We call her Xiao L i. 名词宾语宾语补足语2You must keep the room clean and tidy. 形容词宾语宾语补足语3John asked me to help him with his Chinese. 动词不定式宾语宾语补足语4I will have my hair cut tomorrow. 过去分词宾语宾语补足语5We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just n ow. v-ing宾语宾语补足语6 Rain makes plants grow.雨水使植物生长;动词原形宾语宾补注意: 后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, think, make, choose 等,后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有keep, find, get, think, make 等;动词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, sound, 等,使役动词如let, have, make 等,动词不定式不带to;英语中的五种基本句型结构一、句型1:Subject 主语+Verb 谓语可以直接接宾语;常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump,arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等;5 The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着;二、句型2:Subject 主语+Link. V系动词+Predicate表语这种句型主要用来表示主语的身份、特点等;其系动词一般可分为下列两类:1表示状态;这样的词有:be, lo ok, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等;如:1 This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口;2 He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急;春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和;2 The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了;三、句型3:Subject主语+Verb 谓语+Object 宾语充当;例:当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助;她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游;她喜欢看电视;我不知道下一步该干什么;注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词;四、句型4:Subject主语+Verb谓语+Indirect object间接宾语+Directobject 直接宾语这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担;引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等;一本词典作为生日礼物;heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事;3Sandy gave the dog some food.桑迪给狗喂了些食物;上述句子还可以表达为:1Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.3Sandy gave some food to the dog.五、句型5:Subject主语+Verb 动词+Object 宾语+Complement补语此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整;宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分;宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语;宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等;担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等;如:1You should keep the room clean and tidy. 形容词你应该让屋子保持干净整洁;2 They painted the door green. 形容词他们把门漆成绿色;4 What makes him think so 动词原形他怎么会这样想他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩;7 I saw a cat running across the road. 现在分词我看见一只猫跑过了马路.昨天我跟两个美国人合了张影;形容词;It充当形式宾语,to learn English是真正的宾语;我发现学英语很难;简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀:英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵;句型种类看动词,后接成分是关键;系词之后接表语,不及物后无需连;及物又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见;还有宾语补足语,各种搭配记心间;Exercises:指出下列句子中划线部分的成分;1.We all study hard at English.A. 主语B. 谓语C. 宾语D.表语2.Betty likes her new bike very much.A. 主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语3.My brother is a policeman.A. 主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语4.Were you at home last nightA.定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语5.Winter is the coldest season of the year.A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语6.He often walks in the park.A.定语B.状语C.宾语D.表语7.Mary asked me to help her yesterday.A.定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语8.He bought me a nice present last week.A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补9.His parents are doctors.A.宾语B.表语C.谓语D.定语10.I’ll get you some tea now.A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补11.My mother told us an interesting story last night.A.表语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补12.He has read the book twice.A.主语B.谓语C.表语D.宾语13.They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.A.表语B.谓语C.宾语D.定语14.Do you have something to eatA.状语B.定语C.宾语D.宾补15.We made him our monitor.A.宾语B.定语C. 状语D.宾补Exercises:指出下列句子的基本类型1.They are listening.2.My mother is fifty now.3.I have bought three books.4.My friend gave me a birthday present.5.I painted the wall white.6.The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.7.They arrived at six o’clock.8.The map is on the wall9.Children often sing this song.10.Mr Wu teaches us English.11.She showed her friends all her pictures.12.I find him a lovely boy.请朗读以下句子,划分下列句子的成分,并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种;1. Our country consumes a large number of plastic bags.2. The super-thin bags are the main source of white pollution.3. We should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags.4. The new rule came out.5. Enviornmental groups welcome the new rule.6. They can stop using plastic bags.7. What is particularly positive is that it involves public participation.8. Shops don’t offer free plastic bags to their consumers.9. Hong Kong and Australia are considering measures to curb plastic bag litter.10. Chinese consumers have gotten used to free plastic shopping bags.。

英语的句子成分及五大基本句型

英语的句子成分及五大基本句型
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整理课件
宾语:宾语是行为动作的对象,一般为动词宾语,充当宾语的 可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。
如: I like it. 我喜欢它。 I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。 I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。 He certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。 We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。
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表语:说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后。)一般由名词、 形容词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词ing形式、过去分词、 副词、介词短语、名词从句充当。
如:
Hale Waihona Puke Time is money.
They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。
整理课件
What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。
This dog is frightening. 这条狗令人害怕。(说明狗的特征)
This dog is frightened. 这条狗有些害怕。(说明狗的状态)
The sun is up.太阳升起来了。
This is what he said.这就是他所说的话。
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定语:定语为句子的次要成分,起修饰限制名词或代词的作用,
The teacher left. 老师离开了。 All the children laughed. 所有的孩子都笑了。
整理课件
基本句型二:S+V+P.(主+系+表) 这种句型结构主要指谓 语动词为连系动词的情况。

英语句子成分

英语句子成分

句子结构英语的基本句子结构有:1、主+谓,He is swimming. (swim是不及物动词)2、主+谓+宾,I like English. (like是及物动词,后带宾语)3、主+系+表。

Jim was at home yesterday. (was是系动词,后跟表语)4、主+谓+宾+宾。

My mother bought me a dress.(bought这个及物动词可带两个宾语)5、主+谓+宾+宾补。

We think the job easy. (easy用来补充说明job)句子成分:主语:一般位于句首,通常为名词或代词。

谓语:表明主语的动作或者状态之成分,英语中都用动词充当。

宾语:谓语动词所涉及的对象。

通常为名词或代词。

定语:修饰限定名词成分的部分,大多修饰主语和宾语。

通常为形容词。

状语:修饰谓语或整个句子,表明地点,时间,状态,程度等。

通常为副词。

表语:位于联系动词之后,表示主语的状态,特征之成分。

补语:对主语或宾语起到补充说明作用的成分,一般主动语态中为宾语补语,被动语态中为主语补语。

同位语:即汉语中的复指成分,主语和宾语才有,名词性成分。

主语1. 名词做主语:1. My school is not far from my house.2. 代词做主语:We like our school very much.3. 基数词做主语:Two and two is four.4. 名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语:This is an article.5. 动名词做主语:Seeing is believing.6. 动词不定式做主语:To do such a job needs more knowledge.7. 从句做主语:What I mean is to work harder.谓语谓语[predicate verb]是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分主要有:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。

以下是英语基本句型的介绍:
1. 主语+ 谓语(不及物动词):这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不跟宾语,但可以跟副词、介词短语等状语作谓语的补足语。

例如:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。


2. 主语+ 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语:这种句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,后面必须跟宾语,表示动作的承受者或结果。

宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词等。

例如:I love music.(我喜欢音乐。


3. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语:这种句型中的谓语动词是系动词,后面跟表语,表示主语的性质、状态或特征。

表语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语等。

例如:She is a beautiful girl.(她是一个漂亮的女孩。


4. 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语:这种句型中的谓语动词可以同时跟两个宾语,其中一个是间接宾语,一个是直接宾语。

间接宾语表示动作的受益者,直接宾语表示动作的承受者。

例如:Please give me a book.(请给我一本书。


5. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语:这种句型中的谓语动词后面跟一个宾语,再跟一个宾语补足语,对宾语的性质、状态或特征进行补充说明。

例如:We found him in the park.(我们发现他在公园里。


以上是英语的基本句型,通过这些基本句型可以组合成各种复杂的句子。

英语句子成分

英语句子成分
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主谓小测
• 按要求找出下列句子的主谓: • 1. Trees turn green when spring comes. (主谓) • 2. He broke a piece of glass. (谓) • 3. Don’t get nervous,and help yourself to what
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表语:
• 表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词, 形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词, 短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面.
I am a teacher.
She is happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
My job is to teach English.
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定语
• 定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词,代词,数 词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词, 从句都可以充当定语.
• The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name? A broken vase.
• I have 5 books. A sleeping boy.
英语句子成分
句子包括哪些成分?
英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓 语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语 (object)、定语(attribute)、状语 (adverbial) 和补语(complement)。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型.
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Practice
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谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示 主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组 担任,放在主语的后面。
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句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

主要成分:主语和谓语
1、主语
一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。

主语的位置:
一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。

The school is far from here. 名词做主语
She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语
Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语
The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语
There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语
Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语
To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语
2、谓语
表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.
英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词
句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。

分析句子的主语和谓语
Mr. Li teaches English.
He can play the piano.
My parents and I are having dinner.
3、表语
用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。

表语的位置
用在动词be和系动词的后面。

名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。

Your pen is on the desk.
He got very angry.
My dream is to have a robot.
常见的系动词
1. be动词
2. 与感觉有关的动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等
3. 表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得”“变成”如get, grow, turn等
上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。

4、宾语
是动作的对象或承受者。

及物动词必须跟宾语.
及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.
不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.
I saw a plane in the sky just now. 名词做宾语
I want three. 数词做宾语
I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语
We think predicting the future is hard. 宾语从句
5、宾语补足语(宾补)
有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。

如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。

充当宾补的有:
1. 形容词作宾语补足语The sun keeps us warm.
2. 介词短语作宾语补足语:I found her in the room.
3. 副词作宾语补足语。

Please let him in.
4. 名词作宾语补足语。

We made him monitor of the class.
5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。

I asked him to come.
6、定语
定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的……的)
1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)
They have a clever son. I have something important to tell you.
2. 名词作定语: Is it a color film?
名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:school bus,ticket office, paper flowers
但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop
man 和woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:
men drivers, women doctors
3. 代词作定语: This song is better than that one.
4. 数词作定语: There are only thirty students in our class.
带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.
a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy
5. 副词作定语(放在被修饰词之后):
Do you know the young man over there?
6. 介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后):
The students in our class like swimming.
7、状语
修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 用以说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步等.
1. 副词作状语:
The old man is walking slowly. 表方式
The boy is very clever. 表程度
2. 介词短语作状语:
I have lived in Shanghai for five years. 表时间
3. 不定式作状语
I come here to see you. 表目的
4. 现在分词作状语
The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式
5. 状语从句
We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
状语的位置
1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。

We like our school very much.
2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.
I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.
3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,
用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后
I usually get up early.
He is often late.
一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似
sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末
only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.
The actor only sang a song.
Only the actor sang a song.
The actor sang only one song.
两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序
1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后.
We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.
2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大
Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.
3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词
She sang very well at the meeting last night.
时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯
Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.。

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