定语从句课件

先行词关系词在从句中充当成分主语宾语

（可省）定语状语

地点时间原因方式

指人who

that

whom

who

that

whose

of whom

指物which

that

as

which

that

as

whose

of which

where

介词+ which

when

介词+which

why

介词+which

that

in which

省略

在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:

§（1）先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。

（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。

He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.

（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。

The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.

（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。

Which are the books that you bought for me ?

宜用which而不用that的情况

§（1）在非限制性定语从句中

（2）在关系词前有介词时

（3）当先行词本身是that时

（4）当关系词离先行词较远时

关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词

§（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。

（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。

（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。

Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。

§whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：

Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?

There is a room, whose window faces the river.

There is a room, the window of which faces the river.

关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。

§（1）关系代词常出现在the same…as, such…as, so…as, as…as 等结构中

This is not such a book as I expected.

I live in the same building as he (lives in).

Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.

As many children as came here were my father’s pupils.

★the same…that…和the same…as…的区别

I have bought the same watch as you have.

我买了一块和你一样的手表。（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块。）

This is the same watch that I lost.

这就是我丢的那块手表。（这手表和我丢的手表是同一块）

§（2）as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前的整个句子（即先行词），可置于句首或句末。

This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.

Mary was late for school, as often happened.

As is known to all, the earth is round.

★as 指代一句话和which 指代一句话的用法区别

which则不需要，例如：

The man died last night, which is a lie.

as 替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，而which只能放句末。1）先行词被such和the same 修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。

Such books as you bought are useful.

The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.

注意：区别①such …that …引导的结果状语从句。They are such

lovely children that we love them much.

§②the same …that …引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now

§（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。

区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。

He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.

There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.

As is known, the earth is round, not flat.

关系副词when与where、why, how, that (非正式)

§when 指时间= in / at / on / during which

where指地点= in / at / from / which

why指原因= for which

§How指方式= by which

当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）

I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.

§that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.

当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。

This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.

必须注意的问题