跨文化交际期末考试题

跨文化交际期末考试题
Ⅰ。

Define the following items。

1.c ontext ：P49
2.n oise: P54
3.i ntercultural communication ：communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.
4.i ndividualism: P99
5.c ollectivism: P99
6.h igh-context culture ：P110 a culture in which meaning is not necessarily contained in words. Information is provided through gestures, the use of space，and even silence.
7.l ow-context culture ：P110 a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code.
8.v erbal communication ：communication done both orally and in written language 9.n onverbal communication :involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication
setting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver。

II. Answer the following questions(简答题) 1。

What is the culture，and what are the characteristics of the culture? P45
what the behavior and customs mean to the people who are following them。

2。

What's the relationship between culture and language?
Culture influences language by way of symbols and rules for using those symbols，as well as our perceptions of the universe （the meaning associated with the symbols)。

Language，on the other hand, would seem to have a major impact on the way an individual perceives and conceptualizes the world.
3。

How do Japanese people refuse？P135 4。

How do Chinese and western people respond to others' compliment？P162
5. What kinds of nonverbal communication are often used in our daily communication?
P191
6。

What are the functions of the nonverbal communication? P218
7.What are the differences on receiving gift s between Chinese and westerner？
In the West， it is regarded as polite to open gif ts as soon as they are given to express appreciatio n. In China, the situation is quite the reverse。

Nor mally we Chinese feel that if you open the gift as s oon as it is given， you might embarrass the perso n who gives the gift and you might be thought gre edy。

Therefore, Chinese people tend to open the gifts after the visitors have left。

In China， many people send gifts without wrap ping them， and if they wrap them， they usually t ell the receiver what is inside, and the receiver will thank the sender and put the gift aside without un wrapping them since they already know what is in
side. English receivers open the gifts in front of the senders of the gifts。

8。

Describe the different ways in showing hospitality between Chinese culture and wes tern culture。

Chinese guests always refuse offer of drinks or food to demonstrate politeness in seeming not to wish to put their host to any trouble。

Sometimes an offer is not a real offer but a polite r emark。

After we say 'no', we usually wait for the second and third offer. If the host just brings the f ood or drink and ignores 'no’, we ill accept it。

Chi nese like to press their guests to drink or eat to sh ow their hospitality. While westerners always acce pt or refuse offer of drinks or food very genuinely。

Their refusal is accepted as genuine.Westerners do n’t to press. To press people to have food or drink after they have refused is frowned upon and can c ause embarrassments.
III. Case Analysis （You are required to state cultural phenomenon in each ca se)
Case 1
Li Lan had an American friend Susan。

The y usually had lunch together and Li Lan often asked Susan for advice on problems she fac ed adjusting to American society. Susan gave Li Lan a lot of advice and helped her to impr ove her English. Once Li Lan needed urgently a big sum of money to pay her tuition fee。

Since she has no other friends in the States ， she turned to Susan for help and promised that she would return the money soon.
To Li Lan’s great disappointment， this tim e Susan didn’t seem happy to lend the mone y to her。

Though Li Lan returned the money as she promised， they didn’t get along well from then on.
Question: Why did Li Lan feel unpleasant？
Li Lan asked to borrow money from her A merican friend Susan， which is rarely part of Western friendship。

Li Lan and Susan have different expectations of friendship.
In the West， people prefer to be independ ent and equal rather than dependent, so they don’t feel comfortable in a relationship in wh ich one person gives more and the other pers on is dependent on what is given. Among frie nds they mostly provide emotional support to each other and spend time together， so the y rarely borrow or lend money to each other 。

They would ask for a loan from the bank r ather than from their friends.
While in China, people expect their friends to be loyal to each other, and they even take risks for their friends。

So they would give n ot only emotional support to each other but a
lso concrete help to each other, such as helpi ng to find a job， solving a problem, or even giving money to help one out over a long pe riod of time。

So when a friend is in need, th e first person he or she wants to ask for help is naturally his/her friend。