DesignGuide1-BasePlate and anchor rod design
船舶各部位及舱室名称
一、船舶各部位及舱室名称有关概念船首(head):船的前端部位。
它的两侧船壳弯曲处叫首舷(bow)。
船尾(stern):船的后端部位。
它的两侧船壳弯曲处叫尾舷(quarter)。
舭部(bilge):船舷侧板与船底板交结的部位。
附:专业英语单词1. starboard: 右舷2. port:左舷3. abeam: 正横4. hatch: 舱口5. cargo hold:货舱6. inner bottom plating:内底板7. bottom plating: 船底板8. double bottom:双底层9. forcastle deck:首楼甲板10. poop deck:尾楼甲板11. saloon deck:上层建筑甲板12. promenade deck:起居甲板13. watrtight transverse bulkhead:水密横舱壁14. forepeak tank: 首尖舱15. afterpeak tank: 尾尖舱16. engine room: 机舱17. collision bulkhead:防撞舱壁船舶尺度最大尺度:也称全部尺度或周界尺度,它可以决定停靠码头泊位的长度,是否可以从桥下通过,进某一船坞。
全长(最大长度):指船舶最前端与最后端之间(包括外板和两端永久性固定突出物在内)水平距离。
全宽(最大宽度):包括船舶外板和永久性固定突出物在内的垂直于纵中线面的最大水平距离。
最大高度:自龙骨下边致船舶最高点之间的垂直距离。
它减去吃水,即可得水面以上的船舶高度。
登记尺度登记尺度:是主管机关在登记船舶和计算船舶总吨位、净吨位时所使用的尺度,它载明于吨位证书上。
登记长度:在上甲板的上表面上,自首柱前缘到尾柱后缘的水平距离;无尾柱时,则量至舵杆中心。
登记宽度:在船舶最大宽度处,两舷外板外表面之间的水平距离。
登记深度:在船舶纵中剖面的登记长度中点处,从上甲板下表面往下量至内底板上表面的垂直距离。
aisc design guide 1-2006
aisc design guide 1-2006The AISC Design Guide 1, titled "Base Plate and Anchor Rod Design," was first published in 2006. This guide provides recommendations and guidelines for the design of base plates and anchor rods used in steel structures. It covers topics such as load transfer mechanisms, methods of analysis, design procedures, connection types, and detailing considerations.Some key areas covered in AISC Design Guide 1-2006 include:1. Load Transfer Mechanisms: The guide explains the different ways in which loads are transferred between the base plate and the support structure, such as bearing, flexure, and shear.2. Analysis Methods: It provides various analysis methods for determining the forces and moments applied to the base plate, including elastic and plastic methods, as well as finite element analysis.3. Design Procedures: The guide outlines a step-by-step design procedure for base plates and anchor rods, including the determination of required plate thickness, anchor rod size and spacing, and edge margin requirements.4. Connection Types: It discusses different types of connections between the base plate and the anchor rods, such as welded connections, direct tension indicator (DTI) systems, and epoxy anchors.5. Detailing Considerations: The guide provides recommendationsfor detailing the base plate and anchor rods, including edge distance and edge margin requirements, anchor rod placement and spacing, and the use of stiffeners and leveling nuts.The AISC Design Guide 1-2006 is a valuable resource for engineers involved in the design of base plates and anchor rods in steel structures. It provides a comprehensive overview of the design considerations and procedures required to ensure safe and efficient connections.。
Oscillator Design Guide
Quartz Resonators
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Low Power
The outstanding performance of the Low Power option places a burden on the designer who would take advantage of this feature. The frequency chosen must be the lowest practical. Attention must be paid to the reactances associated with the crystal so as not to excessively load the oscillator output and cause excessive power consumption.
Wide Voltage Range
The PICmicro operates over such a wide voltage range that the oscillator parameters may be the limiting factor in the operation of the controller. If low power operation at low voltages is desired, the loop gain must be raised in order to insure reliable clock operation. If a nominal supply voltage is available, the loop gain must be reduced in order to prevent excessive power dissipation in the crystal. If battery operation is intended, then a careful balance must be struck between reliable operation at the low voltage, and damaging delicate resonators, or spurious oscillations at the high voltage when the battery is fresh.
hasco标准件的中英文对照
HASCOZ标准件系列Z00 导柱Guide pillarZ01 导柱Guide pillarZ011 导柱Guide pillarZ012 导柱Guide pillarZ013 导柱Guide pillarZ014 导柱Guide pillarZ0141 导柱连接端End pieceZ0142 导柱连接端End pieceZ015 导柱Guide pillarZ0151 导柱连接端(Z015/…专用)Pillar adapterZ0152 导柱连接端Pillar adapterZ02 顶杆Ejector rodZ022 导管Guide sleeveZ03 导柱Guide pillarZ05 圆锥形管精定位Locating unit, round Z055 圆形垫片SpacerZ056 圆形垫件SpacerZ06 平锥形导块Locating unitZ07 长方形导块Square guide barZ08 直身方形管位导块Pre-centering unitZ081 方形垫片Spacer discZ091 方形定位锁块(公)Square interlockZ092 方形定位锁块(母)Square interlockZ093 方形定位锁块(母)Square interlockZ10 导套Guide bushZ10W 自润滑导套Guide bushZ11 导套Guide bushZ11W 自润滑导套Guide bushZ12 滚珠导套Ball guide bushZ13W 自润滑导套Self lubric.Guide bush Z15W 自润滑垫片Self lubric. Flat stock Z16W 自润滑垫片Self lubric. Guide rail Z17 长方形导块(Z07/...专用)Guide retainerZ20 定板导套Centering sleeveZ25 定位销Dowel pinZ26 定位销Dowel pinZ28 六角螺母Hexagon nutZ281 六角螺母Hexagon nutZ282 六角螺母Hexagon nutZ285 螺母Nut for T-slotsZ286 螺母Nut for T-slotsZ30 胚头内六角螺丝Socket head cap screwZ31 胚头内六角螺丝Socket head cap screwZ32 薄胚头内六角螺丝Socket head cap screwZ33 薄胚头内六角螺丝Countersunk screwZ34 内六角螺丝Hexagon socket set screw Z35 内六角螺丝Hexagon socket set screw Z351 内六角螺丝Hexagon socket set screw Z352 螺丝杆Locking screwZ36 弹簧滚珠螺丝Spring plungerZ361 弹簧滚珠螺丝Spring plungerZ37 弹簧滚珠螺丝Spring plungerZ370 弹簧定位螺丝Spring plungerZ371 弹簧滚珠螺丝Spring plungerZ372 弹簧定位螺丝Spring plungerZ3721 弹簧定位螺丝Spring plungerZ373 弹簧定位镶件Spring plungerZ374 弹簧滚珠镶件Spring plungerZ375 弹簧滚珠镶件Spring plungerZ38 限位螺丝Shoulder screwZ381 螺丝Slotted shoulder screwZ39 螺丝Slotted shoulder screwZ40 顶针(全硬)Ejector pinZ41 顶针(表层硬)Ejector pinZ42 顶头顶针(全硬)Ejector pinZ43 顶头顶针(表层硬)Ejector pinZ44 有托顶针(表层硬)Shouldered ejector pinZ441 有托顶针(全硬)Shouldered ejector pinZ442/.../S 有托顶针(定制件)Ejector pinZ45 司筒(表层硬)Ejector sleeveZ451 司筒(全硬)Ejector sleeveZ4501 司筒(全硬)Ejector sleeveZ452/…/S 司筒(定制件)Ejector sleeveZ453/…/S 司筒(定制件)Ejector sleeveZ454/…/S 司筒(定制件)Ejector sleeveZ455/…/S 司筒(定制件)Ejector sleeveZ456 顶针耐磨镶件Wear sleeveZ456/…/S顶针耐磨镶件(定制件)Wear sleeveZ46 扁顶针(表层硬)Flat ejector pinZ461 特殊扁顶针Special flat ejectorZ462 特殊扁顶针镶件(Z461/…专用)GuideZ465 扁顶针(全硬)Flat ejector pinZ466/…/S 扁顶(定制件)Flat ejector pinZ47 顶针延长杆Extension rodZ48 年月标记镶件Date insertZ4800 标记镶件Marking insertZ4801 更新标记镶件Renew insertZ481 更新年份镶件Year insertZ482 月份标记镶件Month insertZ483 年份标记镶件Year insertZ484 箭头标记镶件Arrow insertZ485 年月标记镶件Date insertZ4851 更新年份镶件Year insertZ4861/1 塑料标记镶件Resin marking insert Z4861/2 班别标记镶件Shift marking insert Z4861/3 日期标记镶件Day marking insertZ4861/4 月份标记镶件Month-marking insert Z4861/5 年份标记镶件Year-marking insert Z4863 年月日标记镶件Multi. Marking insert Z4864 年月日塑料标记镶件Multi. Marking insert Z487/1 “回收标记”嵌件Recycling insertZ487/2 “回收标记”嵌件Recycling insertZ487/3 “回收标记”嵌件Recycling insertZ488 CE 标记镶件CE marking insertZ489 食物标记镶件Food marking insert Z49 模芯镶件Core pinZ491 气动顶出阀Air valveZ492 模芯镶件Cpre pinZ495 喷气块Blow off stripZ4951 喷气咀Blow off nozzleZ50 唧咀Sprue bushingZ51 唧咀Sprue bushingZ511 唧咀Sprue bushingZ512 唧咀Sprue bushingZ515 气动唧咀Pneumatic nozzleZ516 细水口镶件Nozzle insertZ518 唧咀Sprue bushingZ519 唧咀Sprue bushingZ53 扣水口镶件Sprue pullerZ55 顶针板园垫件Stop pinZ551 顶针板园垫件Stop pinZ56 环子Head for ejector rod Z561 环子Head for ejector rod Z562 介子WasherZ57 园形垫件Support pillarZ571 园形垫件Support pillarZ60 园线弹簧Compression spring Z601 园线弹簧Compression spring Z62 蝶形弹簧Disc springZ64 方线弹簧Compression springZ65 扁线弹簧Compression spring Z67 弹弓介子环Retaining ringZ671 弹弓介子钳Mounting pliersZ68 弹弓介子环Retaining ringZ681 弹弓介子钳Mounting pliersZ69 螺丝介子Spring washerZ691 螺丝介子Spring washerZ70 吊架连吊环Lifting deviceZ701 调距螺栓Distance boltZ71 吊环Eye boltZ711 吊环Eye boltZ712 吊环Eye boltZ72 吊环Eye boltZ73 安全扣Tool safety device Z741 固定玛夹Power clampZ7411 空板架Spacer blockZ7412 空板架Spacer blockZ742 固定玛夹Power clampZ743 固定玛夹Power clampZ75 固定玛夹Clamp systemZ751 T头螺丝T head boltZ752 T头螺丝T head boltZ7521 T 头螺丝T head boltZ7522 T 头螺丝T head boltZ753 介子环Spherical washerZ754 介子环Conical seat washer Z755 介子环Conical seat washer Z76 快速玛夹模装置Quick clamping jig Z761 快速玛夹模板Clamping plateZ762 玛夹导柱Clamping boltZ763 玛夹锁钉Eccentric boltZ765 离合锁(套)Locking housingZ766 离合锁(插)Locking plugZ80 带阀快接喉套Shut-off couplingZ80/…/45 带阀快接喉套Shut-off couplingZ80/…/90 带阀快接喉套Shut-off couplingZ801 快接喉套CouplingZ801/…/45 快接喉套CouplingZ801/…/90 快接喉套CouplingZ805 带阀侨式快接喉套Diverting coupling Z8051 侨式快接喉套Diverting coupling Z807 带阀快接喉套Shut-off couplingZ807/…/45 带阀快接喉套Shut-off couplingZ807/…/90 带阀快接喉套Shut-off couplingZ808 快接喉套CouplingZ809 带阀快接喉套Multi. shut-off coupling Z81 快接喉咀NippleZ81/…/90 喉嘴NippleZ811 带阀快接喉咀Shut-off nippleZ812 适配连接头Double sided connector Z814 适配连接头AdapterZ815 适配连接头AdapterZ817 喉咀Hose nippleZ819 带阀快接喉咀Multi. shut-off nipple Z82 带阀快接喉套Shut-off couplingZ83 喉咀Hose connectorZ831 快接喉套Plug-in connectorZ84 PVC喉管PVC-HoseZ85 PVC喉管PVC-HoseZ851 PVC喉管PVC-HoseZ853 耐高温喉管Viton-HoseZ854 耐高温喉管Teflon-HoseZ855 耐高温喉管Corrugated metal hose Z86 喉箍Hose clipZ861 紧夹用喉箍Crimping sleeveZ865 紧夹用喉钳Crimping toolZ87 喉咀Hose nippleZ875 喉咀Hose nippleZ876 喉咀Hose nippleZ876/…/45 喉咀Hose nippleZ876/…/90 喉咀Hose nippleZ877 连接头Joining pieceZ878 转曲连接头ConnectorZ88 喉咀Hose nippleZ89 喉咀Hose nippleZ90 加长快接喉咀Extension nippleZ905 适配连接头AdapterZ906 延长管Extension tubeZ91 加长喉咀Extension tubeZ93 密封胶布Sealing tape (Teflon)Z94 喉塞Tapered plugZ941 喉塞Tapered plugZ942 膨胀喉塞Sealing plugZ945/1 套装拉胀喉塞工具Assembly-setZ945/2 套装拉胀喉塞工具Assembly-setZ947/1 拉胀工具延长杆Extended scale tubeZ947/2 拉胀工具延长杆Extended scale tubeZ95 钢管Brass tubeZ96 运水铝质螺旋芯(单) Spiral coreZ961 运水铝质螺旋芯(双) Spiral coreZ962 运水针Junction tubeZ964 运水回路胶环(小) Diverting elementZ9641 运水回路胶环(大) Diverting elementZ965 运水胶隔片Plug baffleZ967 隔水片Baffle coreZ968 运水胶质螺旋芯Spiral coreZ969 运水胶质螺旋芯Spiral coreZ97 运水针Cascade water junction Z975 特快导热针Heat pipeZ98 耐高温密封胶圈O-RingZ1001 阀针Needle valveZ101 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ101G 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ101R 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ101M 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ101M 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ1011 电热喷咀内胆Inner part of nozzleZ1011M 电热喷咀内胆Inner part of nozzleZ1015 金属密封圈Metall O-RingZ103 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ103G 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ103R 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ1031 电热喷胆内胆Inner part of nozzleZ103T 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ103GT 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ103RT 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ1031T 电热喷胆内胆Inner part of nozzleZ103M 电热喷咀Multiple gate nozzleZ1031M 电热喷胆内胆Inner part of nozzleZ10320 电热喷咀Muitlple gate nozzleZ10370 电热喷咀Muitlple gate nozzleZ104 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ104G 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ104R 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ1041 电热喷胆内胆Inner part of nozzleZ104E 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ104GE 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ1041E 电热喷胆内胆Inner part of nozzleZ104GV 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ1041V 电热喷咀内胆Inner part of nozzleZ10420 电热喷咀Muitlple gate nozzleZ1052 圆形隔热垫件Distance ringZ1055 炉头接驳衬套Spure bushingZ106 热流道板ManifoldZ10600 热流道板ManifoldZ1061 密封塞钉PlugZ1062 密封圈Sealing washerZ1063 六角螺丝Hexagon head screwZ1064 保温铝板Reflector sheetZ1067 套装零件Accessory kitZ107 气动针阀Needte valveZ1072 针阀司套Needle guide sleeveZ1073 针阀司套Needle guide sleeveZ1076 圆形隔热垫环Distance ringZ109 过滤器Filter cartridgeZ1095 过滤器Filter cartridgeZ110 发热棒Cartridge heaterZ111 发热棒Cartridge heaterZ1133 发热环Heater bandZ1134 发热环Heater bandZ1138 发热管(可弯曲) Fiexble heaterZ116 套装接线工具Assembly setZ1161 耐高温电线Extension cableZ1162 线耳Crimp type bracketZ1164 耐高温电线Extension cableZ1165 连接管Butt jointZ1166 线耳Cable end sleeveZ1167 套件Assembly kitZ1168 热电偶线Signal cableZ121 隔热板(洞、无洞) Insulating sheetZ1211 隔热板(洞、无洞) Thermal insulating sheetZ122 电热温控器Temperature controllerZ1221 温控器组件ModuleZ1224 插座嵌件Socket insertZ1225 温控器连接线Connection power/signal cable Z1226 温控器连接线(转换用) AdapterZ1227 插座ScoketZ1228 插座ScoketZ1229 插座嵌件InsertZ123 多组温控器Multi zone control systemZ125 温控器Temperature controllerZ126/1 温控器Temperature controllerZ126/2 温控器Temperature controllerZ1261 温控器ModuleZ1262 盖板Cover PlateZ127 插头PlugZ128 插头CouplingZ1292 多组温控器系统Multi zone control unitZ1295 热电偶ThermocoupleZ1295/1 热电偶ThermocoupleZ1295/3 热电偶ThermocoupleZ1295/5 热电偶ThermocoupleZ1296 电热固定座Coupling nippleZ1297 电热固定座Fastening nippleZ131 接线盒Wiring boxZ1312 隔热板Thermal insulating sheetZ1370 压力感应器Pressure transducerZ1371 压力感应器Measuring tongueZ1372 压力感应器Measuring measuring tongue Z1373 压力感应器Force transducerZ1381 连接线Connection cableZ1382 连接线Connection cableZ1383 连接线Connection cableZ1384/1 放大器(压-电) Charge amplifierZ1385/2 数据转换器Data converterZ1387 连接线Connection cableZ1391 替代插件DummyZ1392 固定支架BracketZ1393 替代插件DummyZ1394 固定支架BracketZ1395 固定支架Mounting plateZ1396 安装导管Spacer tubeZ1397 安装导套Mounting nutZ1398 安装导杆Tubular wrenchZ1399 安装导杆Insertion toolZ140 磁感应限位开关Limit switchZ1401 连接线Connection cableZ1402 连接线Connection cableZ141 测试表TesterZ145 红外线物体探测器Infrared control unitZ1451 红外线发送器Infrared transmitterZ1452 红外线接收器Infrared receiverZ1453 红外线发送器Infrared transmitterZ1454 红外线接收器Infrared receiverZ1455 固定支架BracketZ1457 接线盒Wiring boxZ1458 连接线Connection cableZ1460 隔热板Thermal insulating sheetZ1471 感应开关器Inductive proximity switch Z1473 感应开关器Inductive proximity switchZ1475 感应开关器Inductive proximity switch Z1500 来福线丝杆(L/左、R/右) Helical spindleZ1520 来福线丝套(L/左、R/右) Helical nutZ1540 齿条RackZ1550 带齿轮圆模芯Geared-spindle coreZ1552 螺母铜司(原料) Pilot threat bush blankZ1553 齿轮Gear wheelZ1555 齿轮Gear wheelZ1558 平键Parallel keyZ1560 圆锥滚柱轴承Roller bearingZ1562 滚珠轴承Ball bearingZ1564 滚柱压珠轴承Needle-thrust ball bearing Z1565 耐磨轴承内环Thrust ringZ1566 滚柱压柱轴承Needle-thrust roller bearing Z159 顶杆连接装置Ejector coupling deviceZ1591 连接头Coupling spigotZ1592 长接头coupling rodZ163 复位衬套Pressure sleeveZ164 复位导套BushZ165 顶板复位装置Pull back deviceZ166 复位顶出杆Ejector rodZ167 法兰盘Locking flangeZ168 快速联接装置Rapid couplingZ1681 联接杆Ejector rodZ1682 联接杆Ejector rodZ169 二级顶出装置Two-stage ejectorZ1695 二级顶出装置Two-stage ejectorZ1696 适配器AdapterZ170 程序模板开合装置Latch locking unitZ171 程序模板开合装置Latch locking unitZ172 模板开合胶塞(涨钉) Frictional pullerZ1721 模板开合胶塞(涨钉) Frictional pullerZ173 程序模板开合装置Round latch locking unitZ1731 程序模板开合拉杆Pulling rodZ1732 拉杆衬套Threaded bushZ174 程序模板开合装置Latch locking unitZ1751 斜齿条RackZ1752 斜齿条RackZ1754 斜齿条滑动方铁Guide blockZ1755 斜齿条固定方块Mounting blockZ1756 方铁Spacer blockZ1761 双面斜齿条PackZ1764 斜齿条滑动方铁Guide blockZ180 滑块SlideZ181 滑块组件Mould slide unitZ1810 锁定块Locking heelZ182 锁定块Locking heelZ1821 耐磨垫板Wear plateZ183 锁定块Duble locking heelZ1831 防磨垫板Wear plateZ1832 防磨垫板Wear plateZ185 滑块管导块Guide stripZ185W 自润滑块管导块Self lubric.Guide stripZ186W 自润滑垫板Self lubric.Flat stockZ187 斜导柱固定导套RetainerZ200 热喷嘴Hot nozzleZ2300 正向锁定液压缸Positive locking cylinderZ2310 固定块FlangeZ2320 适配器AdapterZ2330 适配器螺丝Pressure screwZ240 气动阀式开闭控制器Pneumatic control unitZ2401 摇臂式阀Rocker arm valveZ2411 油水分离器Lubro-control unitZ2412 油水分离器Lubro-control unitZ2416 消音塞SilencerZ251/2 测温表Temperature deviceZ2511 测温针Temperature feelerZ2512 测温针Temperature feelerZ2515 测温针Temperature feelerZ252 测温表Pocket temp.measuring device Z255 精度量度针规Inspection pin setZ256 针规钳Inspection pin holderZ257 精密薄垫片Gauge shim stockZ260 耐温润滑油Heavy duty lubricantZ261 耐温润滑喷剂Heavy duty lubricantZ262 防锈喷剂Heavy duty lubricantZ263 清洁喷剂Multi purpose cleaner spray Z264 矽质离模剂Silicone sprayZ265 脱模剂Release agentZ266 发热棒安装用喷剂Special assembly sprayZ267 除锈喷剂Rust solventZ268 特效润滑喷剂Teflon-lubricating sprayZ269 表面防护剂Surface protectionZ3307 注孔衬套镶件Chamber insertZ3308 密封套环Sealing ringZ3309 承托套管Spacer sieeveZ3310 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ3340 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ3360 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ33201 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ33202 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ3500 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ3501 电热喷咀Hot nozzleZ3510 喷咀镶件Nozzle Tip,3-hole type Z3512 喷咀镶件Nozzle Tip,1-hole type Z3520 喷咀镶件Nozzle Tip,3-hole type Z3522 喷咀镶件Nozzle Tip,1-hole type Z3550 喷咀主体Nozzle bodyZ3351 发热套HeaterZ3352 热电偶Thermo coupleZ3353 分隔帽(防止塑料滞留) Insulator capZ3554 密封环套Sealing ringZ3555 垫环Spacer discZ3556 承托套管Spacer sleeveZ3560 注孔衬套镶件Melt chamber insert Z3561 注孔衬套镶件Melt chamber insert Z3580 发热套拆卸工具Dismantling toolZ3581 六角套筒Box spannerZ3600 推缩模芯Collapslble coreZ6007 不锈钢快接喉套CouplingZ6015 不锈钢快接喉套CouplingZ6025 不锈钢快接喉套CouplingZ6055 不锈钢快接喉套CouplingZ6065 不锈钢快接喉套CouplingZ6075 不锈钢快接喉套CouplingZ6107 不锈钢带阀喉套CouplingZ6115 不锈钢带阀喉套CouplingZ6125 不锈钢带阀喉套CouplingZ6155 不锈钢带阀喉套CouplingZ6165 不锈钢带阀喉套CouplingZ6175 不锈钢带阀喉套CouplingZ6302 不锈钢快接喉套NippleZ6303 不锈钢快接喉套NippleZ6305 不锈钢加长喉咀Extended nippleZ6340 不锈钢加长喉咀Extended nippleZ6353 不锈钢带阀喉咀NippleZ6505 不锈钢喉咀Hose connectorK100 固定环Location ringK103 固定环Location ringK500 固定环Location ringK503 固定环Location ringK505 固定环Location ringA1255 洗石笔Trueing diamondA1265 Dressind stoneA1910 Cutting wheelA1915 Special grinding wheelA1930 Diamond cutting wheelA1931 Boronnitrid cutting wheel A1935 Diamond grinding wheelA1936 Boronnitrid grinding wheel A2500 锥形钻咀Tapered drillA2600 锥形镰靶Tapered reamerA2700 沉头锣刀Counter boreA2710 密封圈用坑槽锣刀Circular groove cutterA2715 固定钉Guide spigotA2720 沉头锣刀Special counter boreA2800 螺丝牙攻Tap setA3500 长方形电蚀铜料EDM copperA3501 长方形电蚀铜料EDM copperA3502 园方形电蚀铜料EDM copperA3503 园方形电蚀铜料EDM copperA3504 园方形电蚀铜料EDM copperA3510 长方形电蚀石墨料EDM GraphiteA3511 园方形电蚀石墨料EDM GraphiteA3514 长方形电蚀石墨料EDM GraphiteA3515 园方形电蚀石墨料EDM GraphiteA3541 回收再造标记石墨工Graphite electrodeA3542 回收再造标记石墨工Graphite electrodeA3543 回收再造标记石墨工Graphite electrodeA3545 CE标记铜工CE marking electrodeA3546 食品标记铜工Food marking electrodeA3547 回收再造标记铜工Recyc.Marking electrode A4700 套装气喷枪Airblow kitA4720 气喉管Spiral hoseA5000 撞激拉出工具Extraction tool kitA5050 六角匙Hexagon keyA5051 六角匙Hexagon keyA5053 六角匙Hexagon key with pilotA5055 六角匙Hexagon keyA5060 套装六角匙Hexagon key setA5061 套装六角匙Hexagon key setA5080 Slotted nut driverA5120 扳手Sickle spannerA5121 扳手Pin wrenchA5130 六角套筒Box spannerA5710 开合计数器Cycle counterA5712 可重置开合计数器Cycle counter,resetabie A5714 双合式计数器Combinedcycle counter A5716 复合式计数器Unibersal counterA5720 重置器Resetting toolsA5722 塑质固定框架Insulating frameA5723 铝质固定框架Insulating frameH1050 蕉形浇口镶件Gate insertH1060 蕉形浇口镶件Gate insertH5050 过滤器Filter cartridgeT4010 绿色扁线弹簧Compression springT4020 蓝色扁线弹簧Compression springT4030 红色扁线弹簧Compression springT4040 黄色扁线弹簧Compression spring。
RCVD翻译21章中英文对照
Suspe nsion spri ng悬架弹簧In triducti on介绍In this chapter we will discuss ways to calculate(approximately)certa in properties of在这一章中我们将讨论如何计算(约)的某些特性suspension system springs . We will concentrate on spring rate and maximum stressbut弹簧悬挂系统。
我们将集中在春季率和最大应力而also touch OU problems associated with usage , i. e., fatigue。
The types of springscovered也抚摸你相关的问题与使用,即,fatigue.the类型的弹簧盖will in clude torsi on spri ngs , coil spri ngs , and leafspri ngs .将包括扭力弹簧,螺旋弹簧,和leafsprings。
The material covered is insufficient for detailed design engineering calculations--forthat材料覆盖是不够详细的工程计算,设计一一the reader will have to go to the literature , especially the referenced SAE desig n hand-读者将要去的文学,尤其是汽车设计方面的参考一books and spring manufacturers ' handbooks书籍和弹簧manufacturers'handbooks 。
21 . 1 Torsio n Spri ngs21.1个扭转弹簧In a torsi on spri ng the elastic properties ofa long thi n “ bar' ' in tors ion( twist)is used to在扭簧的弹性性能的细长的酒吧去扭转(扭曲)是用来produce a rectilinear spring rate that is comparable to that era coil spring , The spring产生直线弹簧率相比,时代的螺旋弹簧,弹簧load or forceis usually con verted to torque around the cen terl ine of the bar by means负载或forceis通常转化为扭矩围绕中心线的酒吧的手段of a lever arm at one or both (anti-roll bar)ends . Figure 21 . 1 gives the basic geometry of杠杆臂的一个或两个(防侧倾杆) en ds.figure21.1给出了基本几何a tors ion spri ng .扭转弹簧。
AISC Steel Design Guide Series 1 Column Base Plates
David T. Bicker Vice President, Engineering The Berlin Steel Construction Company, Inc. Berlin, Connecticut
Printed in the United States of America Second Printing: September 1991 Third Printing: October 2003
© 2003 by American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without permission of the publisher.
© 2003 by American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without permission of the publisher.
written permission of the publisher. The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitablility, and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer, or architect. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American Institute of Steel Construction or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use. Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the printing of this edition. The Institute bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial publication of this edition.
Base Plate and Anchor Rod Design
D
Major diameter Number of threads per in
0.75
Tensile stress area
4
(D
0.9743 2 ) n
n
2005 AISC Specification Rn 0.75Fu Ab
design tensile strength= (0.75)(0.75)Fu Ab 0.5625Fu Ab allowable tensile strength= 2.00 Fu Ab 0.375 Fu Ab
Resistance factor for flexure, 0.90 Factor of safety for ASD, 1.67
NOTE:
q
2(1 1 q ) q
4 f p dbf (d b f ) 2 Fp
1.0
1.0
萬鼎工程
2. Tensile Axial Loads
n
B 0.8b f 2
20in 0.8(12.2in) 5.12in 2
n
dbf 4
(12.7in)(12.2in) 3.11 4
l max(m, n, n) 5.12in
tmin l 2 Pu ( 2)( 700 ) 5.12 1.60in Fy BN (0.9)( 36 )( 20 )( 22 )
for for
hef 11 in hef 11in
at service loads 3 1.0 otherwise
AN ANo
53 N cbg 316 f chef
船舶 部件 英汉词汇汇总
profile 外廓线
railway line 轨道线
reverse frame 内底横骨
rounded lines 转圆线
rudder 舵
rudder post 舵柱
tiller 舵杆
scantling draft 结构吃水
screen bulkhead 轻舱壁
end snip for stiffeners 型材端部削斜
engine casing 机舱棚
engine room 机舱
expansion trunk 膨胀阱
face plate 面板
fairing of lines 型线光顺
fender 护舷材
Fine dash line 细虚线
construction plan 结构图,施工图
corner weld 角焊缝
corridor 通道、走廊
corrugated bulkhead 槽形舱壁
corrugated transverse bulkhead plan
槽形横舱壁图
crosstie 撑杆
Dat-and-dask fine line 细点划线
gunwale angle 舷边角钢
gusset plate 菱形板
H bar 工字钢
half beam 半梁
half breadth plan 半宽水线图
hatch coaming 舱口围板
hatch end beam 舱口端横梁
hatch side cantilever 舱口悬壁梁
poop deck center line 尾楼甲板中线
舾装件中英文对照
起重线LIFT LINE
灯柱ELECTRIC LIGHTING POST
起重线支柱LIFE LINE STANCHION
苏伊士运河搜索灯座SUEZ CANEL SEARCH LIGHT SEAT
天窗通风管LOUVER VENT
钢扎丝组件LASHING WIRE ROPE ASS’Y
金属格栅门EXPANDED METAL DOOR
排气管架(固定时)EXHAUST GAS PIPE SUPPORT(FIXED TYPE)
圆式电缆托架ROUND TYPE CABLE TRAY
应急电缆盒斧EM’CY KEY BOX HAMMER
‘SF’型电缆托架 TYPE CABLE TRAY
天线桅杆ANTENNA POST
掣锚器ANCHOR STOPPER
锚更ANCHOR WATCHING STEP
污水井盖BILGE WELL COVER
压载水舱通道BALLAST TANK ACCESS HATCH
救生艇保护器PROTECTOR FOR LIFT RAFT
巴拿马型导缆孔(单、双型)PANAMA CHOCK(SINGLE, DOUBLE TYPE)
支撑垫SUPPORT PAD
平台PLATFORM
远程控制保护器PROTECTOR FOR REMOTE CONTROL WIRE
引水员楼梯/绞盘PILOT ASSIST LADDER/WINCH
舱PORTABLE TANK
栓钉/电线扣TOGGLE PIN/WIRE LET
配件和工具盒SPARE AND TOOL BOX
USCG BOX
通信产品结构设计指南
结构设计指引(Design Guide Line)目录第一章 Handset (手机)Structure & Assembly ( 4---11)一、外形设计 ---Line Drawing 的确定二、结构设计 ---Assembly Drawing 的确定1、设计的一般规则2、零件结构设计2.1、 Case Front2.2、 Case Rear2.3、 Battery Door2.4、 Lens2.5、 Light Guide2.6、 Volume Rubber Key2.7、 Slide Switch2.8、 Charge Contact2.9、 Buzzer 和 Mic Holder2.10、 Belt Clip2.11、 Jack Cover2.12、 Antenna 及附件第二章 Base Unit(座机) Structure & Assembly (12---- 20)一、外形设计 ---Line Drawing 的确定二、零件结构设计1、 Base top上的Cradle 设计2、电池仓设计3、 Key 及 Keypad 的设计4、喇叭位的设计5、天线结构设计6、 Light Guide 设计7、 Charge Contact 设计8、 Wall Mount 设计9、 Base 细节设计10、PU Foot10、排线设计第三章 Plastic Part Structure Design (21--- 26)一、孔结构二、柱结构三、骨位结构四、壁厚设计第四章 Rubber Keypad Design (27--- 29)一、设计参数二、结构设计1、 Key 的结构设计2、与胶件配合的结构设计3、 Keypad 设计的其它一些要点第五章 Metal Part Design (30--- 32)一、材料1、 P-bronze with Cu-Ni Plating2、 Nickel Silver3、 CRS 和 Galvanized steel4、 Brass二、充电片设计要注意的问题三、性能测试第一章 Handset(手机)Structure & AssemblyHandset 的装配设计由彩色效果图 (Rendering)开始,可以从外形及结构两方面交叉进行。
Plastic Parts Design Guide(塑料零件设计指南)
Sinks
Sink
Improved Sinks 槽优化
36
Grained or
Stippled
Surface
Tooled Depression
Offset at Rib
Sinks
Ribs Design 筋设计
37
should be improved
Better
Best
Good Design, Strength
Flow Direction
Gate
Transverse Direction
Glass Fiber Resists Shrinkage in Direction of Alignment/Flow
Gate Location & Shrinkage
浇口位置和收缩率
8
Mineral Reinforced
Shrinkage & Warpage收缩和翘曲
13
Case on a ‘plate + rib’ profile
b
a
Gate L
h w
Gate
Flow angle Isochrones
Shrinkage & Warpage 收缩和翘曲 Glass reinforced materials
Deformation trend
45
Good Design, Example
好的设计,例如:
46
Steel
Plastic
Good Design, Example
好的设计,例如:
47
48
THANKS
22C
530
Flow Direction Knit Line
Mold Design Guide
Mold Design GuidelineChapter 1 Summarize1. Desire of an excellent mold design:(1)Good quality of molding part(2)longer life of tool(3)facility for manufacture(4)convenience for mold repairing and maintenance(5)safety for molding(6)less circle time of moldingChapter 2 Important information that should be collected when begins to design:1. Essential information for design is from the 3D and 2D part file or the sample of model. Analyze the model first, and check the issues listed follow:(1)Dimensions of product(a)remarkable dimensions and tolerance(b)volumes(c)project area(d)wall thickness(2) Enough daft(3) Specification of resin(a)shrinkage(b)percentage of glass fiber(c)causticity(d)Max. length of plastic flow(4) Surface treatment(a)visible surface and invisible surface(b)cosmetic surface and grade of texture(5) Color of product or transparency(6) Post-treatment(a)auxiliary runner to fix when plating and painting(b)deformation and secondary shrinkage after heat treatment3. Quantity of a batch of order4. Specification of injection machine(1) Volumes of product and max. injection volumes of inject machine(2) Tone of inject machine(3) Sphere radius, inner radius, and length of nozzle(4) Position of mounting hole of back plate(5) Distance between bar(6) Mold allowed thickness(7) Position and diameter of eject barChapter 3 Routing of mold design1, check drawing and sample(1)wall thickness(a)shrink mark at too thick area(b)too thin area cause plastic flow difficulty(2)draft(a)adequate daft at core side and cavity side(b)2, inject machine(1)Enough clamp force(2)Enough injection volume(3)Enough place for mold mounting, opening, ejection(4)Enough length of nozzle to reach sprue of mold3, cavities and layout(1)Amount of cavity conclude from these follow issues:(a)Volumes of part and max. volumes of inject machine(b)Mold size(c)Accuracy of product(2) Make sure that all cavities in a mold are same resin and same color4, Parting surface(1)Make sure that parting line is not on unallowable surface(2)Try to make parting surface is tangent each other(3)Make sure that radius is a little larger than mill tool when you add a round to make partingsurface tangent(4)Make sure total area of parting surface is large enough to keep cavity strong from collapse ordeformation5, Under cut, slider, lifter, cavity, core, insert(1)Make sure all part of mold do not interfere when mold open, eject, close(2)Make sure all of this kind of part are convenient for manufacture and assembly(3)Material and Hardness(a) Cavity and core: S136 Hardness: HRC 50±2(b) Slider, lifter, insert: S136 Hardness: HRC 50±2(4) Changeable insert should be installed by screw and uninstall without disassembling mold6, Runner system design(1)it is a important require of the mold which gate should be auto-cut and runner fall down freely(2)For pin point mold, the runner must auto fall down(3)Be sure the plastic flow balance(4)Be sure gate is at the wide and thick wall of product(5)Avoid flow front striking the cavity or insert(6)Avoid gate mark appear on any visible surface7, Vent(1)8, Water line(1) Nipple on the opposite side of operator9, eject system design(1)Make sure the product and runner can fall down freely when molding by mini machine10, Mold open guide system design(1)Interlock should be add on cavity to prevent product being unmatched(a)Interlock must be equipped on cavity when design mold of “fan” or “motor support” part(2) Interlock should be add on mold base to prevent product being unmatched(a) Straight side interlock must be equipped when angle of contact taped surface of cavity andcore is small11, Mold base(1)At least 1mm distance between A and B plate(2)“H” type mold base should be chosen when mold base width is larger than 350mm(3)Material and Hardness(a) Heel, wear plate: DF-2 Hardness: HRC 60 2(b) Important part of mold: P20(c) Unimportant part of mold such as support pillar, mount plate: S50C(d) Tool for molding PVC sample must be made of stainless steel. Part of mold base useLKM 2316H. Cavity and core use S13612, Mold assembly drawing(1)mold assembly drawing is for showing how mold assembly together and for ordering moldbase standard part, material of nonstandard part(2)mold size, mold cavity size, offset datum, upward, sprue size, locating ring, runner size, gatesize must be dimension(3)Screw is unnecessary to list in the BOM(bill of material)13, Mold part drawing(1)it is unnecessary to dim shape manufactured by NC, wire cut, EDM(2)material size, hole size, any dimension which made by traditional manufacture need be shown 14 Mold design checks and approveChapter 3 Items for audit mold design1,Standard part(A), Mold base*(1), Mold base supplier should be LKM or Ming Lee except other inform*(2), Mold base should be made by stainless steel if molding resin is PVC or other causticity resin *(3), “H” type mold base should be chosen when the width of the mold base is mor e than 350mm *(4), Distance between “A” plate and “B” plate is at least 1mm.Especialy,it is 2mm if mold base is larger than 500mm*(5), Prying slot on “A” plate for every mold base is 5mm of thickness*(6), A mount of STP on eject plate is at least 4 .It should be more if the length is more than350mm/(7), Design for eject guide, tapped hole for eyebolt, dimensions of clamping slot should refer to the technical information from mold base vendor/(8), Two eject holes is necessary when sprue center offset from the center of the mold base(B), Other part*(1), Mold of WIK is metric except other informs/(2), Stepped eject pin should be chosen if the diameter of it is less than 2mm/(3), Mold lock should be added/(4), Chamfer on the corner of the plate2,Nonstandard part(A), Cavity/(1), Steel of lifter, internal slider is 8407(2), Slider insert tape at the surface of slide direction(3), When you split a new mold, first try to make the parting surface flat, If can not be flat, then try to make it straight which can be wire_cut, If can not be straight also, please try to make it smooth which can be CNC milling directly, and the minimum radius is more than R3.0(4), If the parting surface split the visible surface on the part, please make sure there are interlock on the parting surface.surface(5). If the slides move in a slot, try to make the slider taper where tough the core or cavity.Draft(6). If there are 2 long and thin insert pin tough or 1 insert pin tough core or cavity on the end side, please make a guide for them.Guide for insertseasy and venting better.Guide for slider pin(8). If there are inserts or sliders insert core or cavity, then there must be draft on the side surface of the inserts or sliders.(9). If the parting surface are along a smooth surface, the parting surface should be extend a distance then make it flat.*(10), Insert should be designed to make sure the mechanician could not have failed to mount the insert correctly/(11), Note should be punch on the surface of part, which contain the hardness and part number/(12), The distance between every SHC screw, which mounts the cavity, is 100mm at most /(13), Chamfer at the corner of cavity should be designed to indicate the datum(B), Other part/(1), Angle pin should be design to make sure the slider will move when the mold opening *(2), Heel should be designed to sustain the internal slider to bear the pressure of injectionHeel to sustaininternal slider*(3), Switch should be used to confirm the eject returning back*(4), Steel that grinds with slider should be hardened*(5), PU washer should be added to puller bolts*(6), Wire outside of mold base should be protected and fixed on the surface of the mold baseSome of the item is the special requires of WIK’s mold for it s mold vendor and mold design department. Every item must be obeyed strictly. The item will be mark with “*”Some of the item is the normal requires for mold design and good for molding and manufacture. It is best for mold designer to follow these good instruments. The item will be mark with “/”Daft:Check:Approve:Update date: 6-Jan, 05。
常用产品设计英语
有偏差接收Accessory附件accessory附件ACCOUNTING会计Accounting会计Actuateswitch启动开关Adapter火牛adaptor火牛Adhesivetape胶粘带Adjustor调节器Agitator搅拌器Airintel进气口Aluminumfoiltape铝箔带Anchor锚aperance外观Appearance外观approve认可Approve认可AQL允收水准Armature电枢/转子assembly部件Assembly装配物料清单Ballholder铜珠套筒bar杆barcode条形码Barcode条形码Barbedconnector有倒扣的连接片Batterycavecover电池盒/盖Batterycave电池底壳Batterytag电池片battery电池Battery电池bearing轴承Bearing-lock轴承-锁Bearing轴承belt皮带Belt皮带bit铁嘴Bitguard防护罩Bitstorage批嘴储存件Blocks量块Block量块BMC工具盒Bottleconnector瓶口连接Bottomcabinet-charger充电座底壳bottom底部Bottom底部Box箱BOX组件Box组件Bracket固定架/支架Brandlabel商标贴纸Bristlebrush毛刷Bristleholder毛刷(柄)Brushroller毛刷巻轴Brush刷子/碳刷Bubblelever水平珠Bucket箱Bulbreflector电灯反射器Bulbsupport电灯泡支撑座Bundle捆/扎burr毛刺Burr毛刺bush轴套Bushing-bearinglock轴套锁制Bushing-caseadaptor轴套外套适配器Bush-outputshaft带轴套的输出轴Bush轴套button按钮Button按钮cabinet壳Cabinet-cover面壳Cabinet-support底壳Cabinet壳cable电缆Cableclampplate电线夹片Cable电缆Calibration校正Calibration校正Caliper卡尺Caliper卡尺Camplate偏心片Cam凸轮cap(帽,杯)Cap杯帽Carbonfilmresistor碳膜电阻Card卡片Card卡片Carryingstrip手带carton箱Carton箱case箱Case箱cavity模腔Cavity模腔cell电池Cell电池Chargerbracket充电座支架charger充电座/器Charger充电器check检查chuck锁头Circuitass’y循环装置comformity合格cord电线cover上盖current电流cycle循环defect缺陷description名称Dialindication百分表diecast铸件dimention尺寸dispose处理Drill电钻driver电批electric电气件Fasten-knob钮扣状旋钮Feltseal毛毡封Ferritebead磁珠Fibreglasssleeve玻纤套Field定子线圈Filler填空件Filterbagbracker过滤袋支架Filterframe过滤栏架filter滤网Filter过滤器finished表面处理Finished完成的Firstlayerinternalgear第一层内齿轮圈Firstlayersungear第一层行星齿轮fitting装配Fitting装置fit配合Fit配合flash披锋Flash闪光flexhose软管Flexhose弯管flowmark流痕Flowmark流痕Foamholder泡沫支架force力Force力freouency频数Frequency频率Frontcovercabinet前面壳Frontgrill前脚架Fronthousing-gearbox牙箱前壳Frontsupportcabinet前底壳Function功能fuse保险丝Fuseclip保险管夹FuseP.C.Bass’y保险丝底板组件Fuse保险丝futtonal功能Gasket垫片/圈gate水口Gate水口Gauge量规Gauge量规gear齿轮Gearboxadaptor牙箱调整装置Gearboxhousing牙箱壳Gearhousingcover牙箱盖Gear齿轮go-nogo通尺规Go-nogogauge通止规Grasstrimmer剪草机Greaseleak漏油Grease油脂Handlecatch手柄扣Handlegrip手柄hardness硬度Hardness硬度Heatsink散热器Heattreatment热处理Hexnut六角螺帽HI-POT高压测试holder支座Holdercover支座盖Holder支座Holetest内径千分尺Hoseelbow弯管Hosewrapplate软管扎带Housingcover机壳上盖Housinghandle机壳手柄Housingsupport机壳底座housing壳Housing壳I.R检查报告Idlergear-A变速齿轮“A”Idlergear-B变速齿轮“B”IdlershaftImpactdrill(cap)冲击钻(杯) impeller风扇Impeller风扇叶Indicatorcover指示器盖Indicatorswitchknob指示开关旋钮injection注射Injection注射Insertrefillbottle插入式替换瓶insert(型,芯)Insert型芯/插入Inspection检验Instructionmanual说明书Instructionmanual说明书Instrument仪器Instrument仪器Insultator绝缘体Invertedretainingring反向保持介子key锁匙Keyholder锁匙支架Key锁匙Label标签Label标签Lanyard手带Led发光二极管Leftheadscrew左牙螺丝Lens透镜Leveleraccessory水平珠组件Levelerbody水平珠本体Levelercover水平珠盖Leveroil水平珠油Lever-speedchange调速杆Lever控制杆Locationspacer定位隔离器Louver天窗Lubricant润滑油M.O订单Machinescrew机器螺丝mark标记Mark标记Massagering按摩环material材料Material材料metal金属Metalwasherring金属介子Metal金属micpometer千分尺Micrometer千分尺miltimeter万用表model型号Model型号Motoraccessory马达组件Motorbracket马达支架Motorfixity-external马达外定位件Motorfixity-internal马达内定位件Motormountingbracket马达定位架Motormounting马达定位Motorpulley马达滑轮Mountingplate杯片Multimeter万用表nameplate铭牌Nameplate铭牌nonconformity不合格Nonconformity不合格/不一致Nut螺母o-ring胶圈outputshaft轴芯,输出轴Oven烤炉oven烤炉P&A人事P.C.B电路板p/pcover电池盒上座p/psupport电池盒底座Packing包装packing包装partline分型线partline分型线part零件part零件pedestal台座,基座,垫座PIE生产工业工程pin小轴pingauge芯棒pingauge芯棒pinion小齿轮pinion-motor马达牙仔pinion小齿轮pin销Pivottube转轴套plainwasher-motor平面介子plantgear行星齿轮plasticgear塑胶齿轮plastictape胶纸plasticwasher胶介子Plastic塑胶plastic塑料plate片plate片plug插头plug插头PMC物料控制Polybag塑料袋Polybag塑料袋powdermetal粉末冶金powdermetal粉末冶金Powerpack电池组powerpack电池组power功率power功率Projectmanagement项目管理projector投影仪projector投影仪Pulleyflange滑轮法兰pulleyflange泵翼pumpvane采购purchasing采购purchasing按钮pushrod推杆PVCsleevePVCtubeQA质量保证QC质量控制R&D工程研发R.O.接收单Ratchetplate转轮片Ratchet转轮rating额定值Rating额定值Rearcovercabinet后面盖Rearhousing-gearbox牙箱后壳Rearsupportcabinet后底盖Receptacle插座Rectifier整流器Recyclinglabel环保标签Reflectorcap反光杯reject退货Reject退货remark注释Remark备注/注释resistor电阻Resistor电阻Reverse反向revise更改Revise更改rework加工Rework加工ring垫圈Ringbolt有环螺钉Ringgear内齿轮圈Ring垫圈Rockerswitch摇杆开关roller转子Roller滚筒/辊子Rotarycap旋转杯Rotor转子runout摆动/跳动Run-out跳动rusty铸迹rusty生锈的Safetyswitch安全开关sampling抽样Sampling抽样Sanderbase磨沙机底座Scrap报废scratch刮花Scratch刮花screw螺丝Screwdriverbit批嘴Screwdriver电批Screw螺丝SDS来货检验资料Secondlayerinternalgear第二层内齿轮圈Secondlayerplanetgear第二层行星齿轮Secondlayerrungear第二层恒星齿轮SecondaryblowerflangeSelf-tappingscrew自攻螺丝SER样本评估报告shaft轴Shaft轴芯sharpedge尖缘Sharpedge锐边sheet纸Sheet纸/表格Shrinkablesleeve热缩管silkscreen丝印Silkscreen丝印sinkage缩水Sinkage缩水Sketch简图Sleeve套子Slidingrod滑动杆Socket(jack)插座socket插座Solutiontank溶解槽sort拣货Sort分类Spacer隔离件speed速度Speedchangeknob变速钮Speed速度Spindlegear-A转动齿轮“A”Spindlegear-B转动齿轮“B”Spindle轴芯Spine-ball刺珠Sponge海绵Spotternozzle定心喷嘴Springclip弹性夹子Springplate弹弓片Springwasher弹性介子spring弹弓Spring-torquecontrol扭力控制弹簧Spring弹弓Stator定子Steelroller钢辊子Stopper-motor马达制动Stopper-right右制动Sungear恒星/太阳齿轮support下盖Supportcabinet下壳Support下盖switch开关Switchbutton(knob)开关按钮Switchlock锁掣Switch开关tape带Tape带Tappingtype攻牙形式Terminalholder接触片支座Terminal接触片terms术语Term术语/期间testure纹理Thermalprotector热保护器Thermal-fuse热感应保险丝Thermostat热敏开关Thirdlayerinternalgear第三层内齿轮圈Thirdlayerplanetgear第三层行星齿轮Thirdlayersungear第三层恒星齿轮thread螺纹Thread螺纹timer定时器Timer定时器Tolerance公差Tolerance公差top上部Topcabinet-charger充电座面壳Top上部toque扭矩torquemeter扭力表Torquecontrolknob扭力调节器Torquemeter扭力表Torque扭矩Transformer变压器treatment热处理trimmer剪草机Twistingscrewdriver螺旋形电批ULapprovelpowercordUL认可的电线ULwireAWG16blackUL16号黑色电线ULwireAWG16redUL16号红色电线Unit&accessory主机及附件urgent紧急Urgent紧急U-springU型弹弓vacuumcleaner吸尘器Vacuumcleaner真空吸尘器Variablespeedswitch变速开关vibration振动Vibration振动V oltage电压voltage电压W/obatterypapersleeve无纸套电池Wallanchors挂墙胶条washer垫片Washerring-motor马达介子Washer-ballcover玻璃盖处的介子Washer-clutch扭力杯处的介子Washer-ring环形介子Washer垫片weldline夹水纹Zenerdiode齐纳二极管。
《机械设计基础》常用单词中英文对照
《机械设计基础》常用单词中英文对照- common words in Basis of Mechanical Designing一画1.V带V belt2.力force3.力矩moment4.工作载荷serving load5.干摩擦dry friction6.飞轮flier, flywheel7.内圈inner ring8切向键tangential key9.切应力tangential stress10.切削cutting11.双头螺柱stud12.尺寸dimension13.尺寸公差dimensional tolerance14.计算载荷calculating load15.主动轴drive shaft16.凸轮cam17.加工working18.半圆键half round key19.外圈outer ring.20.失效failure21.尼龙nylon22.平键flat key23.打滑slippage24.正火normalizing treatment25.正应力normal stress26.优化设计optimum design27.冲压punching28.动平衡dynamic balance29动载荷moving load30.压力pressure31.压应力compressive stress32压强pressure intensity33.压缩compress34.压缩应力compressive stress35.合金钢alloy steel36.向心轴承centripetal stress37.向心推力轴承centripetal thrust bearing38.导向键guide key39.导轨guide track40当量动载荷equivalent dynamic load41.曲柄 crank42.曲轴crank axle43.曲率半径curvature radius44.有色金属non ferrous metal45.机构mechanism46.机架framework47.机座machine base48.机械machine49.机械加工mechanical working50.机械零件machine element51.机器machine52.灰铸铁gray cast iron53.自锁self locking54.行星轮系planetary gear train55.许用应力allowable stress56.防松locking57.刨削planning58.寿命life59.应力stress60.应力集中stress concentration61.应变strain62.扭转torsion63扭转角angle of torsion64.抗压强度compression strength65抗拉强度tensile strength66.抗弯强度bending strength67.材料material68.极限应力limit stress69.极惯性矩polar moment of inertial70.花键spline71.连杆connecting rod72.周转轮系epicyclic gear train73.屈服强度yield strength74.底板base plate75.底座underframe76.径向力radial force77.径向当量动载荷radial equivalent dynamic load78.径向轴承journal bearing79.径向基本额定动载荷radial elementary rated life80.性能performance81.承载量load carrying capacity82.拉力pulling force83.拉伸tension84.拉伸应力tensile stress85.油膜oil film86.泊松比Poisson’s ratio87.直径diameter88.空心轴hollow axle89.空气轴承air bearing90表面处理surface treatment91.表面淬火surface quenching92转矩torque93.金属材料metallic material94.青铜合金bronze alloy95.非金属材料non metallic material96.齿轮gear97.齿轮模数module of gear teeth98.齿数tooth number99.保持架holding frame100.变应力dynamic stress101.变形deflection, deformation102.变载荷dynamic load103.轮系gear train104.垫片shim105.垫圈washer106.复合材料composite material107.带传动belt driving108.弯曲bend109.弯曲应力bending stress110.弯曲强度bending strength111.弯矩bending moment112.挡圈retaining ring113.残余应力residual stress114.残余变形residual deformation115.点蚀pitting116.相对运动relative motion117.相对滑动relative sliding118.相对滚动relative rolling motion119.矩形花键square key120.结构structure121.结构设计structural design121.结构钢structural steel122.耐磨性wearing quality123.脉动循环应力repeated stress124.轴shaft125.轴瓦bushing126.轴向力axial force127.轴向当量动载荷axial equivalent dynamic load 128.轴向基本额定动载荷axial elementary rated life129.轴承bearing130.轴承合金bearing metal131.轴承油沟grooves in bearing132.轴承衬bearing bush133.轴承座bearing block134.轴承盖bearing cap135.轴环axle ring136.轴肩shaft neck137.轴套shaft sleeve138.退刀槽tool escape139.钢材steel140.钩头楔键gib head key150.钩头螺栓gib head bolt151.挺杆tappet, tapper152.圆柱销cylindrical pin153.圆锥销cone pin154.圆螺母circular nut155.流体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication 156.流体静力润滑hydrostatic lubrication 157.润滑lubrication158.润滑油膜lubricant film159.热处理heat treatment160.热平衡heat balance161.疲劳fatigue162.疲劳失效fatigue failure163.疲劳寿命fatigue Life164.疲劳强度fatigue strength165.疲劳裂纹fatigue cracking166.离合器clutch167.紧定螺钉tightening screw168.胶合seizing of teeth169.能量energy170.脆性材料brittle material171.调质钢quenched and tempered steel 172.载荷load173.载荷谱load spectrum174.通用零件universal element175.速度velocity176.部件parts177.铆接riveting178.陶瓷ceramics179.预紧pretighten180.高速传动轴high speed drive shaft181.偏心载荷eccentric load182.偏转角deflection angle183.减速器reductor184.剪切应力shearing stress185.剪切应力shear stress186.基本额定动载荷elementary rated dynamic load 187.基本额定寿命elementary rated life188.密封seal189.密度density190.弹性变形elastic deformation191.弹性流体动力润滑elastohydrodynamic lubrication 192.弹性啮合elastic engagement193.弹性滑动elastic slippage194.弹性模量modulus of elasticity195.弹簧spring196.弹簧垫圈spring washer197.惯性力inertial force198.惯性矩moment of inertia199.接触应力contact stress200.接触角Contact Angle201.推力轴承thrust bearing202.断裂break203.液压hydraulic pressure204.混合润滑mixed lubrication205.渐开线花键involute spline206.焊接welding207.球形阀globe valve208.球墨铸铁nodular cast iron209.粗糙度roughness210.铜合金copper alloy211.铝合金aluminum alloy212.铰链hinge213.黄铜brass214.剩余预紧力residual initial tightening load215.喷丸sand blast216.强度strength217.强度极限ultimate strength218.最小油膜厚度minimum film thickness219.棘轮传动ratchet wheel220.滑动轴承sliding bearing221.滑块slide block222.滑键slide key223硬度hardness224.联轴器coupling225.装配assembly226.铸件casting227.铸钢cast steel228.铸造cast229.铸铁cast iron230.铸铝cast aluminum231.链chain232.链轮chain wheel233.销pin234.销钉联接pin connection235.塑性材料ductile material236.塑性变形plastic deformation 237.塑料plastics238.摇杆rocker239.楔键wedge key240.滚动体Rolling Body241.滚动轴承rolling bearing242.滚压rolling243.滚珠丝杆ball leading screw 244.锡青铜tin bronze245.锥形阀cone valve246.键key247.键槽keyways248.碳化carbonization249.碳素钢carbon steel250.稳定性stability251.腐蚀corrosion252.锻件forged piece253.锻钢forged steel254.锻造forging255.静压轴承hydrostatic bearing 256.静应力steady stress257.静载荷/应力static load/stress 258.摩擦friction259.摩擦力friction force260.摩擦功friction work261.摩擦系数friction coefficient 262.摩擦角friction angle263.摩擦学tribology264.槽轮sheave wheel265.橡胶rubber266.箱体box267.磨削grinding268.磨损wear269.磨损过程wear process270.螺母nut271.螺纹screw272.螺纹threads273.螺纹联接threaded and coupled 274.螺钉pitch275.螺栓bolt276.螺栓联接bolting277.螺旋传动screw-driven机械设计名词术语中英对照机械设计名词术语中英文对照表Chinese English阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench板簧flat leaf spring半圆键woodruff key变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar摆动从动件oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律cycloidal motion摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact保持架cage背对背安装back-to-back arrangement背锥back cone ;normal cone背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale比热容specific heat capacity闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism臂部arm变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed变速speed change变速齿轮change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear表面质量系数superficial mass factor表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度surface roughness并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator波数number of waves补偿compensation参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ;Maltese cross 槽数Geneva numerate槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle齿根高dedendum《机械设计基础》常用单词中英文对照寿命life应力stress应力集中stress concentration应变strain扭转torsion扭转角angle of torsion抗压强度compression strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗弯强度bending strength材料material极限应力limit stress极惯性矩polar moment of inertial花键spline连杆connecting rod周转轮系epicyclic gear train屈服强度yield strength底板base plate底座underframe径向力radial force径向当量动载荷radial equivalent dynamic load 径向轴承journal bearing径向基本额定动载荷radial elementary rated life 性能performance承载量load carrying capacity拉力pulling force拉伸tension拉伸应力tensile stress油膜oil film泊松比Poisson’s ratio直径diameter空心轴hollow axle空气轴承air bearing表面处理surface treatment表面淬火surface quenching转矩torque金属材料metallic material青铜合金bronze alloy非金属材料non metallic material齿轮gear齿轮模数module of gear teeth齿数tooth number保持架holding frame变应力dynamic stress变形deflection, deformation变载荷dynamic load。
Base Plates and Anchor Rods
MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION june 2010Base Plates and Anchor RodswiseA review of the concepts behind anchoring columns,as further explained in AISC Steel Design Guide 1.ANChOR RODS AND BASE PLATES typically are among the last components of a structural steel building to be designed, and yet they are the first components to be placed. Design equations, guidance on availability of materials and constructability, and similar basics are covered in AISC Steel Design Guide 1: Base Plate and Anchor Rod Design . This article high-lights a number of engineering, fabrication, and erec-tion considerations that will aid in the overall design, detailing, and erection processes for column bases—and repair, too, when that is necessary.MaterialsChapter A in the 2005 AISC Specification for Struc-tural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-05) lists the materials that can be used for structural steel base plates and anchor rods. Based upon this, T able 1 lists common base plate materials, and the range of avail-able thicknesses for these materials. T able 2 lists com-mon anchor rod materials and the range of diameters for these materials. As illustrated in T ables 1 and 2, the yield points and tensile strengths can change with the thickness or diameter of the material.ASTM A36 is the usual material for base plates, and has the widest availability. However, when column bases are designed to resist uplift or large moments, ASTM A572 Grade 50 material may be more appropri-ate for economy. ASTM F1554 is the usual material for anchor rods, and Grade 36 has the widest availability. Grades 55 and 105 are used when there is uplift or large moments. It is good practice to verify the availability of base plate and anchor rod materials with the structural steel fabricator prior to the design of the column bases with material other than the usual grade.Design BasicsColumn bases generally can be classified in two categories: exposed bases (as illustrated in Figure 1) or embedded bases (as illustrated in Figure 2). Both types generally consist of the same components: a steel column, base plate, anchor rods, grout, and con-crete foundation. Each component is designed to per-form its function in the transfer of the forces from the building into the foundation.By jacinda collins, P.e. and Thomas j. schlaflyJacinda Collins, P .E., is an advisor in AISC’s Steel Solutions Center. Thomas J. Schlafly is director of research at the American Institute ofSteelConstruction, Chicago.Most column bases are designed for compressive axial loads. Braced-frame column bases also are designed for horizontal shear, and may in some cases be subject to tensile axial loads. Moment-frame column bases are designed for a combination of axial compression, moment, and horizontal shear loads.For bases subjected to axial compression, the compressive force is distributed from the steel column to the base plate in direct bearing. For column bases subjected to axial tension, the tensile force is distributed from the steel column to the anchor rods. Depending on the ratio of axial compression to moment, column bases subjected to moments will distribute the force couple from the column to the foundation through a combination of bearing of the base plate and tension in some of the anchor rods. For column bases subjected to shear, the shear forces are resisted at the interface between the base plate and the foundation, and this mechanism must be selected by thedesigner.While hooked rodsmay be less expensivewhen compared toheaded rods or threadedrods with a nut, it is rec-ommended that hookedrods not be used when-ever there is a calculated tension force on the rods. Why? Hooked rods have limited pullout strength, due to the bearing mechanism and tendency to slip under tension loads—espe-cially when the oil from cutting threads remains on the rod.For column bases subject to moment or uplift, the loads can be transferred through bending of the base plate. How-ever, when the uplift or moment results in large tension forces, a “boot” detail with stiffeners attached to the column can be utilized. These stiffeners transfer the forces from the column flange to the anchor rods directly, thereby avoiding bending in the base plate.The use of anchor rods to transfer shear forces is not rec-ommended and should only be used with caution. The holes in base plates for anchor rods are large, and this tends to make it difficult to ensure that the shear force can be trans-ferred. If a column base is designed to transfer shear forces to the anchor rods, care must be taken to account for the effect of the size of the holes in the base plate. This often is done with a washer with a standard hole. Note that the anchor rods in this case must be designed for bending between the washer and the concrete embedment.If the shear forces being transferred from the column are relatively small, it is possible to transfer the shear forces by fric-tion due to the dependable axial compression load, or by shear friction, between the base plate and the grout or the surface of the foundation. Larger shear forces may require that the force be transferred through the embedment of the column base (Figure 2) or with the use of a shear lug (Figure 3). In addition, tie rods and hairpin reinforcing bars (Figure 4) can be used to transfer the large shear forces from the column base to the con-crete foundation.Base FixityThe design and detailing of column bases for fixity—either to prevent it or to achieve it—is very important. Column bases subject to high-seismic loads also require consideration to provide the desired ductile behavior of the seismic load resist-ing system. Requirements for high-seismic column bases are provided in the AISC Seismic Provisions (AISC 341-05).Most pinned connections have a small amount of restraint, and most rigid connections can experience rotation. Com-mon details are configured to limit restraint and rotation to amounts that can be ignored.When assessing the rotation of the base, it must be rec-ognized that each of the components of a column base (soil, foundation, anchor rods, base plate, steel column, etc.) con-tributes to the stiffness and flexibility of the column base. Each component’s contribution must be included in the evaluation of the fixity of the baseas well as their effect onthe behavior of the othercomponents of the base.When rotation of anisolated column foun-dation must be reduced,the use of grade beamsis an option (Figure 5).Grade beams can bereinforced concrete orcomposite with struc-tural steel encased inthe concrete.FabricationBase plates usually are attached to the column during the fabrication of the structural steel and delivered as one piece.When the columns and/or base plates are very heavy, itcan be difficult to deliver and set them as one piece. In theseFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5june 2010MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTIONinstances, the base plate is set using leveling screws attached to the sides of the plate (see Erection later in this article) and then grouted. The column is then set on top of the base plate with the aid of connection angles or pedestals that are welded directly to the col-umn and do not bear on the base plate. The column is set by attaching the anchor rods to the connection angles or pedestals, and there is no need to then weld to the base plate to column when using this connection.When base plates are welded to the col-umns, it is recommended that fillet welds beused whenever possible for the base plate to column connection. Note that minimum fillet weld size requirements have been updated in the 2005 AISC Specification; the size of the fillet weld is now based on the thinner of the materials being connected. In addition, the weld-all-around symbol should be avoided. One labor saving weld-ing technique is to provide an arrangement of fillet welds that permits the base plate to be attached to the column without having to rotate the column. This can be accom-plished by welding the outside face of one flange and the inside face of the opposite flange of the column.The proper setting method for the base plate must be established before construc-tion. Care should be taken to identify if the top or bottom of the base plate is to be set to a specified elevation. The proper elevation can be particularly significant when during the fabrication process the top of the base plate is milled and the bot-tom of the base plate is left as rolled, thus leaving a plate that may be a little thicker than design parameters. It is considered good practice for the fabricator to identify any significant dimensional changes of the base plate on the erection drawings prior to construction.ErectionWhen columns and base plates are placed, leveling of the column base or loose plate commonly is achieved by one of the following methods:1. Leveling nuts and washers on anchorrods beneath the base plate2. Leveling screws (common for heavyloose base plates)3. Shim stacks between the base plate andthe supporting foundation (Figure 6) 4. Leveling plates (which also serve asanchor rod templates)After placement of the base plate, theanchor rods are snug tightened to hold thecolumn plumb. It should be understoodthat anchor rods cannot be pretensionedlike bolts in a steel-to-steel high-strengthbolted joint. Anchor rods will relax andlose any pretension as the bond along thelength of the rod releases and creep occursin days or weeks after tightening.ConstructionThe concrete contractor places theanchor rods and the general contractorplaces the non-shrink grout between thebase plate and the foundation. In between,the steel erector erects the column andbase plate. Hence, the general contractoralso must coordinate this process so thatthe rods are located properly and the groutis placed in a timely manner so that steelerection can progress.The AISC Code of Standard Practice (AISCCOSP) gives the tolerances for anchor rodplacement that are required to properlyposition the column base on the anchorrods. ACI 117: Specifications for T olerances forConcrete Construction and Materials and Com-mentary, has a section titled “Placement ofembedded items, excluding dowels in slabs-on-grade.” Because the ACI 117 tolerancesare larger than the AISC COSP tolerances,the general contractor must coordinate sothat all parties are aware to what tolerancesthe trades will be expected to work. T able14-2 in the 13th edition AISC Steel Construc-tion Manual provides recommended holesizes for anchor rods that allow for place-ment variations, but the ACI 117 tolerances,if used, will exceed the available adjustment.The Engineer of Record may be wise toexplore this with the general contractor toensure that a workable approach will be fol-lowed on the project.RepairProblems do occur during the erectionof the column bases. It is important to notethat OSHA requires any modification ofanchor rods to be approved by the Engineerof Record. Also, OSHA requires the control-ling contractor to notify the steel erector ofany column anchor repairs, replacement, ormodifications prior to the column erection.Common anchor rod repairs are covered inChapter 2 of the design guide.For More informationIn addition to the information in AISCDesign Guide 1, which is available as a freedownload for AISC members at www.aisc.org/epubs, information about anchorrods and base plates also can be found inthese documents:• 2005 AISC Steel Construction Manual•2005 AISC Specification for StructuralSteel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-05)• 2005 AISC Code of Standard Practice forSteel Buildings and Bridges• 2005 AISC Seismic Provisions for StructuralSteel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 341-05)•AISC Steel Design Guide 7: Indus-trial Buildings, Roofs to Anchor Rods(Second Edition)• AISC Steel Design Guide 10: Erection Brac-ing of Low-Rise Structural Steel Buildings•AISC Steel Design Guide 21: WeldedConnections – A Primer for Engineers• ACI 318: Building Code Requirements forStructural Concrete & Commentary• ACI 117: Specifications for T olerances forConcrete Construction and Materials andCommentaryAnd remember that you always cancontact a fabricator or erector to get theirinput along the way.All figures within this article were taken fromAISC Steel Design Guide 1: Base Plate &Anchor Rod Design.Figure 6MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION june 2010。
AutoCAD Generative Design学习指南说明书
12. For the dialog’s Bodies selection, choose the shock’s top body.
Figure 11. Open the Remove Features tool
Figure 12. Select the body Edit model Page | 5
13. Notice that several of the body’s features are automatically selected. For the dialog’s Manual Features selection, choose the two flat areas on the body’s top pivot area shown in the image on the right.
Edit model Page | 8
20. Choose the To Object option from the dialog’s Extent Type menu, then choose the face shown in the image on right. The sketch will be extruded up to the selected face. If the shock’s length changes, the extrusion will automatically update.
14. Click the dialog’s Delete to remove the selected features, then Close the dialog.
15. The individual shock bodies can be combined into a single unit; click Modify> Combine.
产品设计常用英语
A.O.D 有偏差接收Accessory 附件ACCOUNTING 会计Accounting 会计Actuate switch 启动开关Adapter 火牛Adhesive tape 胶粘带Adjustor调节器Agitator 搅拌器Air intel进气口Aluminum foil tape 铝箔带Anchor锚Appearance外观Approve认可AQL 允收水准Armature电枢/转子Assembly装配B.O.M 物料清单Ball holder铜珠套筒Bar code 条形码Barbed connector 有倒扣的连接片Bar棒Battery cave cover电池盒/盖Battery cave电池底壳Battery tag电池片Battery电池Bearing-lock轴承-锁Bearing轴承Belt皮带Bit guard防护罩Bit storage批嘴储存件Bit铁嘴Blocks 量块Block量块BMC 工具盒Bottle connector瓶口连接Bottom cabinet-charger充电座底壳Bottom底部Box 箱BOX 组件Bracket固定架/支架Brand label商标贴纸Bristle brush毛刷Bristle holder毛刷(柄)Brush roller 毛刷巻轴Brush刷子/碳刷Bubble lever 水平珠Bucket箱Bulb reflector 电灯反射器Bulb support电灯泡支撑座Bundle捆/扎Burr毛刺Bushing-bearing lock轴套锁製Bushing-case adaptor轴套外套适配器Bush-output shaft带轴套的输出轴Bush轴套Button按钮Cabinet-cover面壳Cabinet-support底壳Cabinet壳Cable clamp plate电线夹片Cable电缆Calibration校正Calibration校正Caliper 卡尺Caliper卡尺Cam plate偏心片Cam凸轮Cap杯帽Carbon film resistor碳膜电阻Card 卡片Card卡片Carrying strip手带Carton箱Case箱Cavity模腔Cell电池Charger bracket充电座支架Charger充电座/器Check 检查Chuck 锁头Circuit ass’y循环装置Comformity 合格Cord 电线Cover 上盖Current 电流cycle 循环defect 缺陷description名称Dial indication 百分表die cast 铸件dimention 尺寸dispose 处理Drill 电钻driver 电批electric 电气件Fasten-knob钮扣状旋钮Felt seal毛毡封Ferrite bead磁珠Fibre glass sleeve玻纤套Field 定子线圈Filler填空件Filter bag bracker 过滤袋支架Filter frame过滤栏架filter 滤网Filter过滤器finished 表面处理Finished完成的First layer internal gear第一层内齿轮圈First layer sun gear第一层行星齿轮Fitting装配Fit配合Flash闪光/披锋Flex hose弯管/软管Flow mark流痕Foam holder泡沫支架Force力Frequency频率Front cover cabinet 前面壳Front grill前脚架Front housing-gear box牙箱前壳Front support cabinet前底壳Function功能Fuse clip保险管夹Fuse P.C.B ass’y 保险丝底板组件Fuse保险丝futtonal 功能Gasket 垫片/圈Gate水口Gauge 量规Gear box adaptor牙箱调整装置Gear box housing 牙箱壳Gear housing cover牙箱盖Gear齿轮Gift box 彩盒Go-no go gauge通止规Grass trimmer剪草机Grease leak 漏油Grease油脂Handle catch手柄扣Handle grip手柄Hardness硬度Heat sink散热器Heat treatment 热处理Hex nut六角螺帽HI-POT高压测试Holder cover支座盖Holder支座Hole test 内径千分尺Hose elbow弯管Hose wrap plate软管扎带Housing cover机壳上盖Housing handle机壳手柄Housing support机壳底座Housing壳I.N.T接触不良I.R 检查报告IC集成电路Idler gear-A变速齿轮“A”Idler gear-B变速齿轮“B”Idler shaftImpact drill(cap)冲击钻(杯) Impeller风扇叶Indicator cover指示器盖Indicator switch knob指示开关旋钮Injection注射Insert refill bottle插入式替换瓶Insert型芯/插入Inspection检验Instruction manual 说明书Instrument 仪器Insultator绝缘体Inverted retaining ring 反向保持介子Key holder锁匙支架Key锁匙Label标签Lanyard手带Latch锁扣/门锁Led发光二极管Left head screw左牙螺丝Lens透镜Leveler accessory水平珠组件Leveler body水平珠本体Leveler cover水平珠盖Lever oil水平珠油Lever-speed change调速杆Lever控制杆Location spacer定位隔离器Louver天窗Lubricant润滑油M.O 订单Machine screw机器螺丝Mark 标记Massage ring按摩环Material材料Metal washer ring 金属介子Metal金属Micrometer千分尺Miltimeter 万用表Model型号Motor 电机Motor accessory马达组件Motor bracket 马达支架Motor fixity-external马达外定位件Motor fixity-internal马达内定位件Motor mounting bracket马达定位架Motor mounting马达定位Motor pulley 马达滑轮Mounting plate杯片Multimeter 万用表Nameplate 铭牌Nonconformity不合格/不一致Nut 螺母O-ring 胶圈Output shaft 轴芯,输出轴Oven 烤炉P&A 人事P.C.B 电路板p/p cover电池盒上座p/p support 电池盒底座Packing 包装Part line 分型线part 零件pedestal台座,基座,垫座PIE 生产工业工程pin 小轴/销pin gauge 芯棒pinion 小齿轮pinion-motor马达牙仔Pivot tube 转轴套plain washer-motor平面介子plant gear 行星齿轮plastic gear塑胶齿轮plastic tape胶纸plastic washer胶介子Plastic 塑胶plate 片plug插头PMC 物料控制Poly bag 塑料袋powder metal粉末冶金Power pack 电池组power功率Project management项目管理projector 投影仪Pulley flange 滑轮法兰pulley flange泵翼purchasing 采购purchasing按钮push rod推杆PVC sleeve PVC套管PVC tube PVC套管QA 质量保证QC 质量控制R&D 工程研发R.O. 接收单Ratchet plate转轮片Ratchet 转轮Rating额定值Rear cover cabinet后面盖Rear housing-gear box牙箱后壳Rear support cabinet后底盖Receptacle 插座Rectifier整流器Recycling label环保标签Reflector cap反光杯Reject退货Remark备注/注释Resistor电阻Reverse反向Revise更改Rework加工Ring 垫圈Ring bolt有环螺钉Ring gear内齿轮圈Rocker switch摇杆开关Roller滚筒/辊子Rotary cap旋转杯Rotor转子Run-out跳动rusty 铸跡rusty生锈的Safety switch安全开关Sampling抽样Sander base磨沙机底座Scrap报废Scratch刮花Screwdriver bit批嘴Screwdriver电批Screw螺丝SDS来货检验资料Second layer internal gear第二层内齿轮圈Second layer planet gear第二层行星齿轮Second layer run gear第二层恒星齿轮Secondary blower flangeSelf-tapping screw自攻螺丝SER 样本评估报告shaft 轴Shaft轴芯Sharp edge锐边Sheet 纸/表格Shrinkable sleeve热缩管Silkscreen 丝印Sinkage缩水Sketch简图Sleeve套子Sliding rod滑动杆Socket (jack)插座Solution tank溶解槽Sort分类Spacer隔离件Speed change knob变速钮Speed速度Spindle gear-A转动齿轮“A”Spindle gear-B转动齿轮“B”Spindle轴芯Spine-ball刺珠Sponge海绵Spotter nozzle定心喷嘴Spring clip弹性夹子Spring plate弹弓片Spring washer弹性介子Spring-torque control扭力控制弹簧Spring弹弓Stator定子Steel roller钢辊子Stopper-motor马达制动Stopper-right右制动Sun gear恒星/太阳齿轮Support cabinet下壳Support下盖Switch button (knob)开关按钮Switch lock锁掣Switch 开关Tape带Tapping type攻牙形式Terminal holder接触片支座Terminal接触片terms 术语Term术语/期间Testure 纹理Thermal protector热保护器Thermal-fuse热感应保险丝Thermostat热敏开关Third layer internal gear第三层内齿轮圈Third layer planet gear第三层行星齿轮Third layer sun gear 第三层恒星齿轮Thread 螺纹Timer定时器Tolerance 公差Top cabinet-charger 充电座面壳Top上部torque meter 扭力表Torque control knob 扭力调节器Torque meter扭力表Torque 扭矩Transformer变压器Heat treatment 热处理Trimmer 剪草机Twisting screwdriver螺旋形电批UL approvel power cord UL认可的电线UL wire AWG 16 black UL16号黑色电线UL wire AWG 16 red UL16号红色电线Unit & accessory主机及附件Urgent紧急U-spring U型弹弓Vacuum cleaner真空吸尘器Variable speed switch变速开关Vibration振动Voltage电压W/o battery paper sleeve 无纸套电池Wall anchors挂墙胶条Washer ring-motor马达介子Washer-ball cover玻璃盖处的介子Washer-clutch扭力杯处的介子Washer-ring环形介子Washer垫片Weld line 夹水纹Zener diode齐纳二极管。
design_guide
Design Guideby Neil FongerMetal Stamping Design GuidelinesMetal Stamping is an economical way of producing quantities of parts that can have many qualities including strength, durability; wear resistance, good conductive properties and stability. We would like to share some ideas that could help you designa part that optimizes all the features that the metal stamping process offers.Material SelectionThere are many sheet and strip materials to choose from that respond well to metal stamping and forming. However, price and availability can vary greatly and affect the cost and delivery of production metal stampings. There are factors that should be considered when selecting an alloy and specifying physical characteristics of that material.TolerancingMost common steel grades are offered in standard gage thicknessesand tolerances. These sizes are usually readily available as stockitems and are generally the best choice when cost and delivery are amajor factor. Rolling mills work from master coils, and so usuallyhave minimum order quantities, somewhere in the truckload range. Ifthe material required to produce a metal stamping order is much lessthan this quantity, a steel warehouse can search its inventory to findmaterial that might happen to fall within the specified tolerance, butthis makes availability a variable from order to order.Custom material can be purchased from companies that specialize in re-rolling smaller quantities, but the cost can increase exponentially.ChemistryOver-specifying an alloy is one of the biggest factors in driving up the cost of a metal stamping. There are many different alloys produced, in ferrous and non-ferrous materials alike, but even more so than thickness tolerances, the less common alloyswill be custom-produced by the mill and will be available in large quantities only. It is possible to find someone who is supplying the same product for another customer.Like with non-standard thicknesses, this would be hit or miss, and dependent on the larger customers’ requirements and delivery schedules.The quality of steel products has increased greatly in the last 20 years or so. Continuous casting yields a very consistent and homogenous alloy mix. From our experience, today’s metals are more ductile and of a much more consistent quality. Savings can be had from taking advantage of the quality found in stock warehoused alloys.Blanking, Trimming, and PerforatingThe Anatomy of a HoleNormal metal stamping processes involve driving a sharpened tool steel punch through the sheet or strip material and into a die cavity where the slug or scrap is ejected. Cutting clearances between the punch and die are closely defined and specified. And the process produces a very predictable edge condition on the finished part. Basically, the punch starts out by trying to compress the material, producing a rolled or radiused top edge. As the sharp punch begins to cut through, it shears the material, producing a straight, burnished wall, usually between 1/4 to 1/3 through. As forces build up beyond the strength of the material it yields, breaking away in a line between the punch and die edges, and leaving a burr around the bottom edge.BurrsBurrs, like parting lines in plastics or flash on castings, are normal by-products of the metal stamping process. Blanking burrs are usually somewhat ragged, uneven and sharp. They can vary in height as punch and die edges become dull, but generally, up to 10% of material thickness can be expected. Burrs can be dulled or removed by mass finishing processes or secondary operations, depending on the application.Hole Dimensioning and TolerancingSince punch and die clearances are normally around 8% to 10% of material thickness per side, the bottom portion of the hole or trim will be tapered the amount of die clearance. Therefore, inside dimensions are normally measured at the shear, or smallest portion, disregarding the breakaway. Likewise, an outside dimension will be measured at the shear or largest portion, with the breakaway tapering smaller. If this breakaway cannot be tolerated in a particular application, a hole or outside edge feature can be re-trimmed or “shaved” to produce a straight edge. This must be specified, and will require an additional step or secondary operation. Normal piercing and blanking operations are extremely repeatable and very close tolerances can be expected. Size tolerances of .002” can be held in most applications.LocationIn most cases, holes pierced in a flat blank part can be done in the same operation, and location from hole to hole is repeatable within a close tolerance, usually +/-.002”. The only exception is when holes are closely spaced (<1-1/2 X material thickness) and must be pierced in separate stations or operations. Gauging or feed accuracy will require more liberal tolerances. In the case of holes pierced on different planes, as in a part with an offset form, the added variables of bend tolerances and material spring-back must be considered and allowed for.Tooling ConsiderationsThe same compressive forces exerted on the material are shared by the tooling. A 1/2”diameter punch perforating .062 thick mild steel will require 2-1/2 tons of pressure behind it to push through. At 80 parts per minute this places extreme impact forces on the body of that punch. Punch tooling can fail catastrophically if there is not enough cross-section area to support this force. To alleviate this condition it is best to design perforations with a cross-section or diameter equal to material thickness at a minimum.Bending and FormingMost metal forming is a linear process. That is, the work of perforating, forming and blanking is done by the up and down movement of press equipment. Amazingly complex shapes can be generated using this process, but a good metal stamping design will take the process and material into consideration.As a general rule, the lower the alloy and temper, the more formable the material. Tempers are rated in terms of how tightly they will bend without cracking and whether with the grain or across. In addition, the harder a material is, the more it will “spring back” when formed and, from a metal formers standpoint, how much extra work or over- bend must be induced to achieve the specified angle. Generally, anything up to 90 degrees can be done in one operation. Beyond that, a little more creativity may be needed. Forming in this manner relies on a “leg” of material to be pushed or wiped up into position while the base material is held flat. For that reason, the length of a formed leg should be at least 2-1/2 times the material thickness beyond a bend radius.DistortionAs metal is formed, it is displaced through the bend radius. Thematerial on the inside of the bend is compressed, while the materialon the outside of the bend is stretched.On thicker materials and bends with relatively small inside bendradii (2 X material or less), there could be some overall thinning ofmaterial through the bend. In addition, because material iscompressed on the inside of the bend, the excess gets forced outeither end of the bend radius, creating what is called bend bulges. Ifthey are not acceptable, the blank must be contoured to compensate. A note such as “Bulging not allowed in this area” should be added to the part drawing.For the same reason, when two adjacent sides are folded up, as in forming a box, some relief is needed at the base of the bend to avoid “pinched” corners. Usually, this would be in the form of a round hole placed at the convergence point of the sides. When a leg is formed up alongside a flat section of the part, consideration should be taken to the transition from form to flat. The flat section should be trimmed back to the base of the bend radius. If the edge of a flat section must be flush with a formed leg, bend reliefs should be cut into the blank on either side of the leg.Dimensioning FormsFormed features are subject to a number of variables, including material thickness and temper tolerances, angular tolerances on bends, and station-to-station inaccuracies in the process. Dimensions should always be given to the inside of the formed feature. Angular tolerances of +/- 1 degree or so should be allowed on bends of any angle. For this reason, tolerancing of features placed at the outer end of a form should take the angular tolerance of the bend and the distance from the bend into consideration. Where a feature has multiple bends, tolerance stack-up should be analyzed and allowed for. Where tolerances need to be tightly held, an additional qualifying operation may be required to meet this specification.Deep DrawThe ProcessDeep draw refers to the process of pulling a flat “blank” of material over a radiused die edge and into a cavity, producing a closed bottom, round or irregularly shaped cup or cylinder. It should not be confused with stretch-forming. The blank is actually forced into a plastic state as it is dragged over the die radius and down into the die. This process is done under calculated and very controlled conditions involving blank-holding pressures, punch and die radii, punch speed and lubrication.Anatomy of a Deep DrawThe 2 stages of a draw are cupping and drawing. When the punch first contacts the blank, the nose of the punch initially embosses the material into the die. Some stretching occurs at this point and produces what is known as a “shock line”. This is a pronounced area of thinning around the radius at the bottom and just up into the straight wall of the shell. Depending on the shape of the bottom, the material may still be near original thickness across the bottom face (flat bottom) or thinned out by a stretching action (spherical bottom). As the blank is pulled into the die, the material at the circumference gathers and the wall progressively thickens. As the blank is pulled in to near shell diameter, the material thickens to as much as 10% over the original thickness. Clearance must be provided for this thickening to occur so that the material will not get bound up between punch and die. In addition, the punch must be tapered so that the finished shell can be stripped off. Therefore, a drawn shell will taper from bottom to top. It is possible to minimize this through subsequent sizing operations, but not eliminate it entirely.The blank used to produce a shell is cut from rolled strip material with a grain structure elongated across the blank in the direction of rolling. Since this cross-grain does not pull into a drawn shape evenly from all directions, great stresses are induced in the shell wall. Due to these uneven stresses, a drawn shell will not be perfectly round. A flange added to the top of the shell will minimize this, but the smaller the flange, the less strength it has to keep the shell round.Specifying a Drawn ShellSince the original blank is so altered by the deep draw process, the wall thickness cannot be specified in terms of mill tolerances. Depending on application, the three ways of specifying the thickness of material in a shell would be to call out the thickness of material to be used, the minimum wall thickness or the maximum wall thickness. Wall thickness can be specified in more detail, but only after development work has been done with the draw process. Since the material is formed around the punch, shells are typically dimensioned to the inside diameter, with taper allowed from bottom to top. Alternatively, the shell can be dimensioned to the outside diameter with the maximum size found at the top, and tapering down to the bottom.If a straight shell with no flange is required, the shell will be “pinch-trimmed” – that is trimmed flush with the outside diameter. Since the shell has a radius at the top, the remaining trimmed edge will have a partial radius from the inside, abruptly ending in a somewhat sharp outer edge. Also, since the die must have enough clearance to accept the shell, there will be a slight flare at the top of the shell. The bottom of a shell can be pierced out in a similar manner to produce a tubular part, but the same pinch-trim principles apply to the inside diameter. If a straight, cut-off edge is desired, it would require a secondary machining or cut-off operation and should be specified on the part drawing.FlatnessRaw Material: Coiled strip material by nature is not flat. As material is unwound off the coil it retains some of that curve shape along its length, called coil set. In addition, the width of the strip usually has a slight arc to it. This is called crossbow. Coil set can be minimized or removed by material handling equipment at the beginning of the metal stamping process. But crossbow is much tougher to remove and generally survives to affect the flatness of the finished stamping.Stamping ProcessAs described earlier, the metal stamping process places compressive forces on the raw material. As the top edge is rolled into the cut, the bottom edge tends to turn slightly also. This distortion at the edges affects the flatness of the finished part, being minimal in thinner or milder materials, but becoming severe in heavier stock or tougher materials such as stainless steels and high-strength alloys. When flatness is critical, tooling can be designed to minimize distortion but may require extra stations or secondary operations.For the same reason, perforated or trimmed features that are placed too close to each other or the material edge tend to roll the material between, producing a distorted or thinned edge. The rule of thumb in stamping design is to leave a minimum of 1-1/2 times material thickness between trimmed or perforated features. Also, the stretching and compression of forming can distort holes adjacent to a form or bend. Holes are best kept at least 2 times material thickness beyond the radius of a formed feature. If this is not possible, the hole should be designed with sufficient clearance to allow for distortion.CosmeticsTool MarksThe forces required to bend and shape metal place leave their marks on the finished piece, especially in thicker materials. A punch wiping by the material to form it will cause tool marks on the outside of the bend. Deep drawn parts will have shock lines near the bottom of the cup. Coining, swaging and embossing will leave impressions in the material surrounding the form. Where the faces of the tooling are used to form the part, holes drilled for fasteners can leave marks on the part. These tooling marks are a normal part of the metal forming process, however when cosmetics are important, these marks can be minimized by the use of creative tooling techniques and careful die design.HandlingMost metal stampings are automatically ejected from press equipment, moved through the manufacturing process in the largest containers possible, mass finished and shipped in bulk form. They are subject to the dings and scratches common to this type of process.It is most helpful to know what the application is, and what the cosmetic requirements are. Whenever possible, cosmetic specifications should be described on the part drawing.。
Adhesivedesignguide
Company Confidential
Steel Rule or Flat Bed Die-Cutting
Steel rule die cutting is a crush cut technology in which the material to be cut is placed against a 'cookie cutter' like tool and the two are pressed with several tons of force between two parallel plates until the material is cut.
Steel rule dies are made with a piece of plywood / PVC in which slots are cut with a saw or a laser.
Steel blades, called rule in the industry, are cut, bent, and inserted into the board.
设计
2.阅读孔的宽度为3mm; 3.两列排放可以降低成本;
参考治具以及操作的 限制
±0.2MM
应用
可选材料
厚度(mm)
Nitto 7568
用于透镜的保护 JS 950L
Nitto HR6030
Tesa 62993
制程中,用于保护 3M 5112 喷漆表面不被划伤 3M 3112
Hitachi P1020
--Dimensional stability in manufacture process
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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................1
2.0 MATERIAL, FABRICATION, INSTALLATION, AND REPAIRS.......................... 2
Donald Johnson Geoffrey L. Kulak Bill R. Lindley II David McKenzie Richard Orr Davis G. Parsons II Debra Pennington William T. Segui David F. Sharp Victor Shneur Bozidar Stojadinovic Raymond Tide Gary C. Violette Floyd J. Vissat
2.9.1 Setting Nut and Washer Method............. 8 2.9.2 Setting Plate Method .............................. 9 2.9.3 Shim Stack Method ................................ 9 2.9.4 Setting Large Base Plates ....................... 9 2.10 Grouting Requirements ..................................... 9 2.11 Anchor Rod Repairs ........................................ 10 2.11.1 Anchor Rods in the Wrong Position .... 10 2.11.2 Anchor Rods Bent or Not Vertical ....... 10 2.11.3 Anchor Rod Projection Too Long
Victoria Arbitrio Reidar Bjorhovde Crystal Blanton Charles J. Carter Brad Davis Robert O. Disque James Doyle Richard M. Drake Samuel S. Eskildsen Daniel M. Falconer Marshall T. Ferrell Roger D. Hamilton John Harris Allen J. Harrold
AISC would also like to thank the following individuals who assisted in reviewing the drafts of this Design Guide for their insightful comments and suggestions.
Printed in the United States of America
First Printing: May 2006
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Robert J. Dexter from the University of Minnesota, and Daeyong Lee from the Steel Structure Research Laboratory, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology (RIST), Kyeonggi-Do, South Korea, for their writing of Appendix A and the first draft of this Guide. The authors also recognize the contributions of the authors of the first edition of this guide, John DeWolf from the University of Connecticut and David Ricker (retired) from Berlin Steel Construction Company, and thank Christopher Hewitt and Kurt Gustafson of AISC for their careful reading, suggestions, and their writing of Appendix B. Special appreciation is also extended to Carol T. Williams of Computerized Structural Design for typing the manuscript.
Computerized Structural Design, S.C. Milwaukee, Wisconsin and
LAWRENCE A. KLOIBER, P.E.
LeJuene Steel Company Minneapolis, Minnesota
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC.
written permission of the publisher.
The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer, or architect. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American Institute of Steel Construction or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use.
3.0 DESIGN OF COLUMN BASE PLATE CONNECTIONS.......................................13
3.1 Concentrቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱc Compressive Axial Loads ............. 14 3.1.1 Concrete Bearing Limit ........................ 14 3.1.2 Base Plate Yielding Limit (W-Shapes) ........................................... 15 3.1.3 Base Plate Yielding Limit (HSS and Pipe) ................................... 16 3.1.4 General Design Procedure.................... 16
or Too Short .......................................... 10 2.11.4 Anchor Rod Pattern Rotated 90° .......... 12 2.12 Details for Seismic Design D.......................... 12
1Steel Design Guide
Base Plate and Anchor Rod Design
Second Edition
1Steel Design Guide
Base Plate and Anchor Rod Design
Second Edition
JAMES M. FISHER, Ph.D., P.E.
Copyright © 2006
by
American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc.
All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without the
Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the printing of this edition. The Institute bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial publication of this edition.