2024届高考一轮复习英语语法专练课件(人教版)：定语从句
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第1讲 定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句 放在先行词的后面。
考点精讲一——关系代词引导的定语从句
情景导入
A real friend is someone who① walks in when the rest of the world walk out.A real friend is someone whose② support we can count on.A real friend is someone who① sees our true self ， not just the face who/whom/that③ we show to the world.Yet these days，the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends who/whom/that③ we love.
4.引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别
关系词
位置不同
表意不同
既可以放在主句前，也 意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动
as 可以放在主句后，有时 词多用see，know，expect，say，
还可插入主句中
mention，report等
which 通常放在主句之后
意为“这一点”或“这件事”等
As anybody can see，the elephant is like a snake. 正如每个人所看到的一样，这头大象像一条蛇。 The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。 She married again，which was unexpected. 她再婚了，这是始料未及的。
1.who，whom和whose引导的定语从句。 (1)who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语 从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替 whom。 (2)whose指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代 替，指人时可用of whom代替。 Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 有些成功的语言学习者，在其他领域常常会失败。
3.as引导的定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结 构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 We have found the same materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了和他们工厂里使用的一样的材料。 These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售了。
2.that和which引导的定语从句 that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能 是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点： (1)6种只用that引导定语从句的情况。 ① 先 行 词 是 all ， everything ， anything ， nothing ， something ， little ， much，none，few，the one等不定代词时。 ②先行词被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修饰时。 ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词 最高级时。
where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which
【对点练习】 1.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool which/that gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.(2021·浙江1月) 2.Dr Rowan， whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. 3.The lady who is (be) standing behind the counter is my sister. 4. As is widely accepted，in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses，but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures. 5.When they met again，the two friends talked about lots of things and persons that they could remember in the school.
5.定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保 持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.给我的那台录音机 是国产的。
(2)“one of＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句 中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、the only、 the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进 步的学生之一。 He is the only one of the students who has made great progress. 他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。
④先行词被the only，the very (正是，恰是), the last修饰时。 ⑤先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑥当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 (2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。 ①引导非限制性定语从句时。 ②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 ③先行词本身是that时。 ④关系代词后有插入语时。
Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting.“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which/that④ matter most to us.“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection which/that④ we share.To make friends a real part of our lives ， we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.
In the long term，they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory，being overweight and suffering a heart attack.Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers.They are still growing，and night is the time when② their bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where③ body development slows down， and their health suffers.
6.Then Mr Green read some reviews of the play，__w_h_i_ch__ said it was a terrible one.
情景导入
考点精讲二——关系副词引导的定语从句
A recent survey has found that many people suffer from sleep problems.Some are unable to fall asleep，some wake up in the middle of the night，and others simply do not get enough sleep.One of the reasons why① people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.In the short term，people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.
So，if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep，it might be time to make some changes in your lifestyle.
[规则感悟] ①先行词表示原因，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词 why。 ②先行词表示时间，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词when。 ③先行词表示情况，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词where。
I have many friends (who/whom) I’m going to send postcards to. 我有很多朋友，我打算寄明信片给他们。 My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment. 我的大儿子目前在纽约，他的工作使他在全世界到处跑。
[规则感悟] ①关系词指人作主语，可以用who，that引导。若先行词为 someone，anyone，one等时，关系词只能用who。②关系词作定语，用 whose 引 导 ， 既 可 以 指 人 也 可 以 指 物 。 ③ 关 系 词 指 人 作 宾 语 ， 可 以 用 who，whom，that引导。④关系词指物作主语或宾语，可以用which， that引导。1.关系副词指代的先 Nhomakorabea词及其作用。
先行词
表示时间的名词： time，day，year等 表示场所的名词： park，place， country，house等 表示原因的名词： reason
与“介词＋关系代 关系副词 在从句中的作用
词”的关系
when
＝at/in/on/during 作时间状语
which
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句 放在先行词的后面。
考点精讲一——关系代词引导的定语从句
情景导入
A real friend is someone who① walks in when the rest of the world walk out.A real friend is someone whose② support we can count on.A real friend is someone who① sees our true self ， not just the face who/whom/that③ we show to the world.Yet these days，the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends who/whom/that③ we love.
4.引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别
关系词
位置不同
表意不同
既可以放在主句前，也 意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动
as 可以放在主句后，有时 词多用see，know，expect，say，
还可插入主句中
mention，report等
which 通常放在主句之后
意为“这一点”或“这件事”等
As anybody can see，the elephant is like a snake. 正如每个人所看到的一样，这头大象像一条蛇。 The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，吸烟者的数量仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。 She married again，which was unexpected. 她再婚了，这是始料未及的。
1.who，whom和whose引导的定语从句。 (1)who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语 从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替 whom。 (2)whose指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代 替，指人时可用of whom代替。 Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 有些成功的语言学习者，在其他领域常常会失败。
3.as引导的定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结 构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 We have found the same materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了和他们工厂里使用的一样的材料。 These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售了。
2.that和which引导的定语从句 that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能 是物。使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点： (1)6种只用that引导定语从句的情况。 ① 先 行 词 是 all ， everything ， anything ， nothing ， something ， little ， much，none，few，the one等不定代词时。 ②先行词被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修饰时。 ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词 最高级时。
where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which
【对点练习】 1.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool which/that gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.(2021·浙江1月) 2.Dr Rowan， whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing. 3.The lady who is (be) standing behind the counter is my sister. 4. As is widely accepted，in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses，but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures. 5.When they met again，the two friends talked about lots of things and persons that they could remember in the school.
5.定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保 持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.给我的那台录音机 是国产的。
(2)“one of＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句 中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、the only、 the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进 步的学生之一。 He is the only one of the students who has made great progress. 他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。
④先行词被the only，the very (正是，恰是), the last修饰时。 ⑤先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑥当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 (2)4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。 ①引导非限制性定语从句时。 ②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。 ③先行词本身是that时。 ④关系代词后有插入语时。
Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting.“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which/that④ matter most to us.“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection which/that④ we share.To make friends a real part of our lives ， we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.
In the long term，they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory，being overweight and suffering a heart attack.Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers.They are still growing，and night is the time when② their bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where③ body development slows down， and their health suffers.
6.Then Mr Green read some reviews of the play，__w_h_i_ch__ said it was a terrible one.
情景导入
考点精讲二——关系副词引导的定语从句
A recent survey has found that many people suffer from sleep problems.Some are unable to fall asleep，some wake up in the middle of the night，and others simply do not get enough sleep.One of the reasons why① people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.In the short term，people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.
So，if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep，it might be time to make some changes in your lifestyle.
[规则感悟] ①先行词表示原因，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词 why。 ②先行词表示时间，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词when。 ③先行词表示情况，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词where。
I have many friends (who/whom) I’m going to send postcards to. 我有很多朋友，我打算寄明信片给他们。 My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment. 我的大儿子目前在纽约，他的工作使他在全世界到处跑。
[规则感悟] ①关系词指人作主语，可以用who，that引导。若先行词为 someone，anyone，one等时，关系词只能用who。②关系词作定语，用 whose 引 导 ， 既 可 以 指 人 也 可 以 指 物 。 ③ 关 系 词 指 人 作 宾 语 ， 可 以 用 who，whom，that引导。④关系词指物作主语或宾语，可以用which， that引导。1.关系副词指代的先 Nhomakorabea词及其作用。
先行词
表示时间的名词： time，day，year等 表示场所的名词： park，place， country，house等 表示原因的名词： reason
与“介词＋关系代 关系副词 在从句中的作用
词”的关系
when
＝at/in/on/during 作时间状语
which