中考真题 北师大版15
2024-2025学年北师大版中考英语自测试题及答案
2024-2025学年北师大版中考英语自测试题一、听力题(每题3分)Question 1: What is the relationship between the two speakers?A)Teacher and studentB)Boss and employeeC)Doctor and patientAnswer: AQuestion 2: Where does the conversation most likely take place?A)In a classroomB)In an officeC)In a hospitalAnswer: AQuestion 3: What subject are they discussing?A)MathematicsB)HistoryC)EnglishAnswer: CQuestion 4: Why is the student visiting the teacher?A)To ask for help with homeworkB)To discuss gradesC)To return a bookAnswer: BQuestion 5: How does the teacher suggest the student improve their grades?A)By studying more oftenB)By joining a study groupC)By attending extra classes on weekendsAnswer: C二、单选题(每题3分)Question 1: Which of the following sentences uses the correct form of the verb in the simple past tense?A)They did not went to the park last Sunday.B)She bought a new book yesterday.C)He eats an apple every day.D)We was late for school because of the traffic.Answer: B) She bought a new book yesterday.Question 2:Choose the correct comparative form of the adjective “good.”A)GooderB)More goodC)BetterD)WellAnswer: C) BetterQuestion 3: Identify the sentence that correctly uses the present perfect continuous tense.A)I have just eaten breakfast.B)They have lived in New York since 2010.C)She has been studying Spanish for two hours.D)We have seen that movie three times.Answer: C) She has been studying Spanish for two hours.Question 4: Which sentence correctly uses an adverb to modify a verb?A)She sings beautiful.B)He writes his letters careful.C)They speak English fluent.D)The dog barked loudly.Answer: D) The dog barked loudly.Question 5: Select the sentence that is punctuated correctly.A)My favorite hobbies are reading, drawing and painting.B)My sister who lives in New York is coming to visit us.C)She said, “I will meet you at the library at 3 o’clock.”D)After the movie we went out for dinner it was delicious.Answer:C) She said, “I will meet you at the library at 3 o’clock.”三、多选题(每题4分)Question 1: Which of the following sentences are examples of the subjunctive mood?(A)If I were you, I’d study harder.(B)She insisted that he go to the doctor.(C)He runs faster than his brother.(D)I t is crucial that they arrive on time.Answers: (A), (B), (D)Question 2: Identify which of the following words are homophones.(A)to, too(B)there, their(C)accept, except(D)p eace, pieceAnswers: (A), (B), (C), (D)Question 3:Choose the correct prepositions to fill in the blanks: ‘I met her________the library________Sunday afternoon.’(A)at; on(B)in; on(C)at; in(D)i n; atAnswers: (A), (B)Question 4: Select the sentences that correctly use the comparative form.(A)This book is more interesting than that one.(B)She is most beautiful than her sister.(C)His work is less important than hers.(D)T hey are the happier of the two families.Answers: (A), (C)Question 5: Choose the correct forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentence: ‘If it________(rain), we________(stay) indoors.’(A)rains; stay(B)rained; stayed(C)rains; will stay(D)r ained; would stayAnswers: (C), (D)Each question is worth 4 points, and students should choose all correct answers to receive full credit.四、阅读理解(每题4分)Let’s begin by creating a short reading passage that is both interesti ng and informative. Following the passage, I’ll provide five questions with answers.Reading PassageTitle: The Wonders of Renewable EnergyIn an era where environmental sustainability is becoming increasingly important, renewable energy sources are taking center stage in the global energy mix. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and contribute to climate change when burned, renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal can be replenished naturally and do not deplete over time.Solar power, harnessed from the sun’s rays, has become more accessible and affordable due to advancements in technology. Solar panels, which convert sunlight into electricity, are now being installed on rooftops all around the world, from small homes to large commercial buildings.Wind energy, generated by wind turbines, is another major player in the renewable energy sector. These turbines harness the kinetic energy of the wind and convert it into electrical power. Wind farms, consisting of multiple turbines, have been set up in areas with high wind speeds, providing clean energy to communities far and wide.Hydropower, or water power, is created by the force of moving water, typically from rivers and dams. This form of energy has been used for centuries, but modern hydropower plants are much more efficient and can generate significant amounts of electricity without emitting harmful pollutants.Geothermal energy comes from the Earth’s heat, which is harnessed through geothermal power plants. This type of energy is particularly abundant in regions with volcanic activity and can provide a steady source of electricity without the need for fossil fuels.The transition to renewable energy is crucial for our planet’s future. By investing in these sustainable resources, we can reduce our carbon footprint and ensure a cleaner, healthier environment for generations to come.Reading Comprehension Questions1.What is the main difference between renewable energy sources and fossil fuels?•Answer: Renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally and do not deplete over time, whereas fossil fuels are finite and contribute to climate change whenburned.2.How has technology made solar power more accessible?•Answer: Advancements in technology have made solar panels more affordable, allowing them to be installed on various types of buildings, including small homes and large commercial structures.3.What does a wind farm consist of?•Answer: A wind farm consists of multiple wind turbines set up in areas with high wind speeds to provide clean energy to communities.4.Which form of energy has been used for centuries but has become more efficient inmodern times?•Answer: Hydropower, or water power, has been used for centuries and has become more efficient in modern times with advanced hydropower plants.5.Where is geothermal energy particularly abundant?•Answer: Geothermal energy is particularly abundant in regions with volcanic activity, which allows for a steady source of electricity without the need for fossil fuels.Now that we have the reading passage and the questions, let’s move on to the next step if necessary.Here is the reading comprehension exercise tailored for the 2024-2025 academic year, suitable for the summer practice of Junior 3 students using the BNU edition textbook:Reading PassageTitle: The Wonders of Renewable Energy[Reading passage as provided in the previous response]Reading Comprehension Questions1.[Question and answer as provided in the previous response]2.[Question and answer as provided in the previous response]3.[Question and answer as provided in the previous response]4.[Question and answer as provided in the previous response]5.[Question and answer as provided in the previous response]五、作文(30分)Section V: Writing (30 Points)Topic: My Future Career PathInstructions: As a student about to graduate from junior high school, you have begun to think about your future career path. Write an essay in at least 200 words discussing what career you aspire to pursue after completing your studies. In your essay, include:1. A description of the career.2.The reasons why you are interested in this career.3.What steps you plan to take to achieve your goal.Your essay should be well-organized, with clear introductions, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Use appropriate vocabulary and grammar to express your thoughts effectively.Example Essay:Title: Pursuing a Career in Environmental ScienceAs I approach the end of my junior high school journey, I find myself increasingly drawn to the idea of dedicating my life to the protection and preservation of our environment. The field of environmental science is where I see myself making a significant impact on the world around me. This career path not only aligns with my personal passion for nature but also addresses one of the most pressing issues of our time: climate change.My interest in environmental science was sparked by a series of documentaries that showcased the devastating effects of pollution and deforestation on wildlife and ecosystems. I was deeply moved by these stories and felt a strong desire to contribute to the solutions. I believe that by studying the natural sciences, I can gain the knowledge and skills necessary to work towards a more sustainable future.To achieve my goal of becoming an environmental scientist, I intend to follow a clear path. Firstly, I will focus on excelling in my science courses during senior high school, particularly biology and chemistry. Additionally, I plan to participate in extracurricular activities such as environmental clubs and volunteer programs that can provide hands-on experience and networking opportunities. Upon graduation, I aim to enroll in a reputable university that offers a comprehensive program in environmental science. Throughout my academic journey, I will seek internships and research opportunities to deepen my understanding of environmental issues and hone my practical skills.In conclusion, my aspiration to become an environmental scientist stems from a profound concern for the state of our planet and a genuine love for the natural world. By pursuing this career, I hope to play a part in creating a healthier and more sustainable environment for future generations.The code interpreter was not needed for this task since it didn’t involve any data processing or calculations. Howeve r, I’ve provided you with the writing prompt and an example essay as requested:Section V: Writing (30 Points)Topic: My Future Career PathInstructions: As a student about to graduate from junior high school, write an essay in at least 200 words discussing the career you aspire to pursue after completing your studies. Include a description of the career, the reasons behind your interest, and the steps you plan to take to achieve your goal. Organize your essay with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion, using appropriate vocabulary and grammar.Example Essay:Title: Pursuing a Career in Environmental ScienceAs I near the end of my junior high school journey, I am increasingly captivated by the idea of dedicating my life to protecting and preserving our environment through a career in environmental science. This career path resonates with my passion for nature and addresses the critical issue of climate change.My interest in environmental science originated from documentaries highlighting the detrimental impacts of pollution and deforestation on ecosystems and wildlife. Moved by these stories, I became determined to contribute to finding solutions. By studying natural sciences, I aim to acquire the knowledge and skills required to promote a sustainable future.To realize my ambition of becoming an environmental scientist, I have outlined a clear path. During senior high school, I will concentrate on excelling in science subjects, especially biology and chemistry. I also plan to engage in extracurricular activities related to environmental conservation and volunteer work to gain practical experience and network with professionals. After graduation, I intend to attend a distinguished university offering a robust environmental science program. Throughout my education, I will actively seek internships and research opportunities to deepen my understanding of environmental challenges and refine my practical skills.In summary, my drive to pursue a career in environmental science originates from a deep concern for our planet’s well-being and a sincere affection for the natural world. Bychoosing this career, I aspire to contribute to a healthier, more sustainable environment for generations to come.。
初三数学中考试卷(北师大版,含答案)
初三数学中考试卷一、选择题(本题共10个小题,每小题4分,共40分。
请选出各题中其中一个符合题意的正确选项,不选、多选、错选均不给分)1.冬季的一天,室内温度是8℃,室外温度是-2℃,则室内外温度相差( )A、4℃B、6℃C、10℃D、16℃2.一个不透明的袋中装有除颜色外其余均相同的5个红球和3个黄球,从中随机摸出一个,则摸到黄球的概率是()A、 B、 C、 D、3.右图中几何体的正视图是( )4.吋是电视机常用规格之一,1吋约为拇指上面一节的长,则7吋长相当于( )A、课本的宽度B、课桌的宽度C、黑板的高度D、粉笔的长度5.已知⊙O的直径AB与弦AC的夹角为35°,过C点的切线PC与AB的延长线交于点P,则∠P等于( )A、15°B、20°C、25°D、30°6.如图,设M、N分别是直角梯形ABCD两腰AD、CB的中点,DE⊥AB于点E,将△ADE沿DE翻折,M与N恰好重合,则AE∶BE等于( )A、2∶1B、1∶2C、3∶2D、2∶37.不等式的解集是( )A、 B、 C、 D、8.若有一条公共边的两个三角形称为一对“共边三角形”,则图中以BC为公共边的“共边三角形”有( )A、2对B、3对C、4对D、6对9.小敏在某次投篮中,球的运动线路是抛物线的一部分(如图),若命中篮圈中心,则他与篮底的距离l是( )A、3.5mB、4 mC、4.5 mD、 4.6 m10.如图,正方形OABC,ADEF的顶点A,D,C在坐标轴上,点F在AB上,点B,E 在函数的图象上,则点E的坐标是( )A、 B、C、 D、二、填空题(本题有6小题,每小题5分共30分)11.当______________时,分式的值为0.12.据媒体报道,今年“五一”黄金周期间,我市旅游收入再创历史新高,达1290000000元,用科学记数法表示为______________元.13.如图是小敏五次射击成绩的图,根据图示信息,则此五次成绩的平均数是_____________环。
2015年数学中考精选:北师大九年级上册(含答案)
2015年数学中考精选:北师大九年级上册一、选择题1.分式211x x -+的值为0,则x 的值为( ) A .1 B .-1 C .0 D .1±【答案】A2.某超市一月份的营业额为200万元,已知第一季度的总营业额共1000万元, 如果平均每月增长率为x,则由题意列方程应为( )A 、200(1+x )2=1000B 、200+200×2x=1000C 、200+200×3x=1000D 、200[1+(1+x )+(1+x )2]=1000【答案】D .3.同一时刻,小明在阳光下的影长为2米,与他邻近的旗杆的影长为6米,小明的身高为1.6米,则旗杆的高为( )A .3.2米B .4.8米C .5.2米D .5.6米【答案】B4.如图,已知在梯形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,2BC AD =,如果对角线AC 与BD 相交于点O ,△AOB 、△BOC 、△COD 、△DOA 的面积分别记作1S 、2S 、3S 、4S ,那么下列结论中,不正确的是( )A. 13S S =;B. 242S S =;C. 212S S =;D. 1324S S S S ⋅=⋅;【答案】B5.如图,过点C (1,2)分别作x 轴、y 轴的平行线,交直线y =-x +6于A 、B 两点,若反比例函数y =k x(x >0)的图像与△ABC 有公共点,则k 的取值范围是( )A .2≤k≤9B .2≤k≤8C .2≤k≤5D .5≤k≤8【答案】A .二、计算题6.(本题共4道小题,每小题5分,满分20分)(1)解方程:212270x x -+=(2)分解因式:2327x -(3)计算:101()2)4sin 4583--+- (4)先化简,再求值:22112111x x x x x x x --÷-++++,其中1x =. 【答案】(1)13x =,29x =;(2)3(3)(3)x x +-;(3)2;(4)11+x ,2.三、解答题7.试说明关于x 的方程012)208(22=+++-ax x a a 无论a 取何值,该方程都是一元二次方程。
2022-2023学年北师大版中考专题数学中考真卷(含解析)
2022-2023学年初中中考专题数学中考真卷学校:____________ 班级:____________ 姓名:____________ 考号:____________考试总分:150 分 考试时间: 120 分钟注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息; 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;卷I (选择题)一、 选择题 (本题共计 10 小题 ,每题 4 分 ,共计40分 )1. −13的倒数是( )A.13B.3C.−3D.−132. 如图是一个长方体纸盒,它的两个相邻面上各有一个阴影三角形.该纸盒的展开图可能是( )A.B.C.D.3. 华为Mate305G 系列是近期相当火爆的5G 国产手机,它采用的麒麟9905G 芯片在指甲盖大小的尺寸上集成了103亿个晶体管,将103亿用科学记数法表示为( )A.1.03×109B.10.3×109C.1.03×1011D.1.03×10104. 一组数据:2,−1,0,3,−3,2.则这组数据的中位数和众数分别是( )−13()133−3−13Mate305G 5G 9905G 1031031.03×10910.3×1091.03×10111.03×10102−103−325.婴儿车的平面示意图,如图所示,其中AB//CD,∠1=120∘,∠3=40∘,那么∠2的度数为( )A. 80∘B.89∘C.59∘D.91∘6. 下列运算正确的是( )A.(ab)2=a 2b 2B.a 2+a 2=a 4C.(a 2)3=a 5D.a 2⋅a 3=a 67. 中国标准动车组“复兴号”是世界上商业运营时速最高的动车组列车,达到世界先进水平,安全、舒适、快速是它的显著优点.从安阳东站到北京西站的距离是516千米,乘坐复兴号动车组列车将比乘坐特快列车节省2小时6分钟,已知复兴号动车组的平均速度比特快列车快100千米/小时,设复兴号动车组的平均速度为x 千米/小时,根据题意可列方程( )A.516x −100−516x =2.6B.516x −100−516x =2110C.516x −516x +100=2110D.516x −516x −100=2110 8. 下列命题是真命题的是( )A.一组邻边相等的平行四边形是菱形B.菱形的对角线相等C.对角线互相垂直的平行四边形是正方形D.四边都相等的四边形是矩形9. 如图所示,一串有黑有白,其排列有一定规律的珠子,被盒子遮住一部分(如图),则这串珠子被盒子遮住的部分(包括白色和黑色)共有( )颗.AB//CD,∠1=,∠3=120∘40∘∠280∘89∘59∘91∘(ab =)2a 2b 2+=a 2a 2a 4(=a 2)3a 5⋅=a 2a 3a 651626100/x /−=2.6516x−100516x −=2516x−100516x 110−=516x 516x+1002110−=2516x 516x−10011010. 已知函数y =−x 2+bx +c ,其中b >0,c <0,此函数的图象可以是( ) A. B. C. D.卷II (非选择题)二、 填空题 (本题共计 5 小题 ,每题 4 分 ,共计20分 )11. 函数y =1x −6中,自变量x 的取值范围是________.12. 设x 1,x 2是方程x 2−2x −5=0的两实数根,则x 12+3x 22−4x 2+1的值为________.13. 已知点C 为线段AB 的黄金分割点,且AC =1cm ,则线段AB 的长为________.14. 已知反比例函数y =−3x 与一次函数y =−x +2相交于A,B 两点,则不等式−3x <−x +2的解集为________.y =−+bx+c x 2b >0c <0y =1x−6x x 1x 2−2x−5=0x 2+3−4+1x 12x 22x 2C AB AC =1cm AB y =−3x y =−x+2AB −<−x+23x________.(结果保留π)三、 解答题 (本题共计 10 小题 ,每题 9 分 ,共计90分 )16. 计算:(1−π)0+(−)−2+2sin60∘−|−2|. 17. 目前“微信”、“支付宝”、“共享单车”和“网购”给我们的生活带来了很多便利.某校九年级某数学小组在校内对“你最认可的四大新生事物”进行调查,随机调查了m 人(每名学生必选一种且只能从这四种中选择一种),并将调查结果绘制成如下不完整的统计图.(1)根据图中信息求出m =________,n =________;(2)请将这两个统计图补全;(3)求“支付宝”所在扇形的圆心角的度数;(4)已知A ,B 两位同学都最认可“微信”,C 同学最认可“支付宝”,D 同学最认可“网购”,从这四名同学中抽取两名同学,请你通过树状图或表格,求出这两名同学最认可的新生事物不一样的概率. 18.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,Rt △ABC 的三个顶点分别是A(−3,2),B(0,4),C(0,2).(1)将△ABC 以点C 为旋转中心旋转180∘,画出旋转后对应的△A 1B 1C(点A ,B 的对应点分别为A 1,B 1);(2)平移△ABC ,使得点A 的对应点A 2的坐标为(1,−4),画出平移后对应的△A 2B 2C 2(点B ,C 的对应点分别为B 2,C 2);(3)若将△A 1B 1C 绕某一点旋转,可以得到△A 2B 2C 2,请画出旋转中心并直接写出它的坐标. 19. 如图,A ,B 两地之间有一条河,原来从A 地到B 地需要经过DC ,沿折线A →D →C →B 到达,现在新建了桥EF ,可直接沿直线AB 从A 地到达B 地.已知BC =10km ,∠A =45∘,∠B =37∘,桥DC 和AB 平行.(1)求两桥之间的距离CG(CG ⊥AB);⊙O AC BD ∠ACB =∠CDB =60AC =23√⊙Oπ(1−π+(−)0+2sin −|−260∘−2|m(1)m=n =(2)(3)(4)A B C D Rt △ABC A(−3,2),B(0,4),C(0,2)(1)△ABC C 180∘△C A 1B 1A B ,A 1B 1(2)△ABC A A 2(1,−4)△A 2B 2C 2B C ,B 2C 2(3)△C A 1B 1△A 2B 2C 2A B A B DC A →D →C →B EF AB A B BC =10km ∠A =45∘∠B =37∘DC AB(1)CG(CG ⊥AB)(1)请按如下要求完成尺规作图(不写作法,保留作图痕迹)①作∠BAC 的角平分线AD ,交BC 于点D ;②作线段AD 的垂直平分线EF 与AB 相交于点O ;③以点O 为圆心,以OD 长为半径画圆,交边AB 于点M .(2)在(1)的条件下,求证:BC 是⊙O 的切线:(3)若AM =4BM,AC =10,求⊙O 的半径. 21. 已知直线MN 过圆O 上点A ,B ,C 是圆上两点, ∠ACB =∠NAB ,求证:直线MN 是圆O 的切线. 22. 在六一儿童节到来之际,某校特举行书画大赛活动,准备购买甲、乙两种文具作为奖 阔品,奖励在活动中获得优秀的同学.已知购买2个甲种文具、3个乙种文具共需花费45元,购买3个甲种文具、1个乙种文具共需花费50元.(1)问:购买一个甲种文具、一个乙种文具各需多少元?(2)若学校计划购买这两种文具共100个,投人资金不少于995元又不多于1050元,设购买甲种文具一个,则有多少种购买方案?(3)设学校投入资金W 元,在(2)的条件下,哪种购买方案需要的资金最少?最少是多少元? 23. 某气象研究中心观测到一场沙尘暴从发生到减弱的过程,开始一段时间风速平均每小时增加2千米,4小时后,沙尘暴经过开阔荒漠地,风速变为平均每小时增加4千米,然后风速不变,当沙尘暴遇到绿色植被区时,风速y (小时/千米),时间x (小时)成反比例关系地慢慢减弱,结合风速与时间的图象,回答下列问题:(1)这场沙尘暴的最高风速是多少?最高风速维持了多长时间;(2)求出当x ≥20时,风速y (小时/千米)与时间x (小时)之间的函数关系?(3)沙尘暴的风速从开始形成过程中的10千米/小时到最后减弱过程中的10千米/小时,共经过多少时间?24. 如图,二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c(a ≠0)与x 轴交于A ,B 两点,其中点A 在点B 的左侧,A 为(−1,0),抛物线与γ轴交于点C(0,4),对称轴为x =1,连接BC .(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)若点C 为直线BC 上方的抛物线上的一动点,试计算以A ,B ,G ,C 为顶点的四边形的面积的最大值;(3)若点H 为对称轴上的一个动点,点P 为抛物线上的一个动点,当以H ,P ,B ,C 四点为顶点的四边形为平行四边形时,求出点H 的坐标.Rt △ABC ∠C =90∘(1)∠BAC AD BC D AD EF AB O O OD AB M(2)1BC ⊙O(3)AM =4BM,AC =10⊙O MN O A B C ∠ACB =∠NAB MN O23453150(1)(2)1009951050(3)W (2)244y x (1)(2)x ≥20y x(3)1010y =a +bx+c(a ≠0)x 2x A B A B A (−1,0)γC(0,4)x =1BC(1)(2)C BC A B G C (3)H P H P B C面积S(cm 2)与t (秒)的函数关系图象,以线段EF 为斜边向右作等腰直角△EFG .(1)填空:点E 的运动速度是________,B 点坐标为________.(2)当0≤t <4秒时,①t 为何值时,以O 、C 、E 为顶点的三角形与△BFG 相似?②是否存在这样的时刻t ,使点G 正好落在线段AB 上,若存在,求此时的t ,若不存在,请说明理由.S(c )m 2t EF △EFG E B0≤t <4t O C E △BFG t G AB t参考答案与试题解析2022-2023学年初中中考专题数学中考真卷一、 选择题 (本题共计 10 小题 ,每题 4 分 ,共计40分 )1.【答案】C【考点】倒数【解析】根据乘积为1的两个数互为倒数,可得答案.【解答】解:−13的倒数是−3.故选C.2.【答案】A【考点】几何体的展开图【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解:将长方体纸盒展开,能够得到图形为:.故选A.3.【答案】D【考点】科学记数法--表示较大的数【解析】科学记数法的表示形式为a ×10n 的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n 为整数.确定n 的值时,要看把原数变成a 时,小数点移动了多少位,n 的绝对值与小数点移动的位数相同.当原数绝对值≥10时,n 是正整数;当原数的绝对值<1时,n 是负整数.【解答】103亿=10300000000=1.03×1010,C【考点】中位数众数【解析】把这组数据按照从小到大的顺序排列,第3、4个数的平均数是中位数,在这组数据中出现次数最多的是1,得到这组数据的众数.【解答】解:把这组数据按照从小到大的顺序排列:−3,−1,0,2,2,3,第3个和第4个数的平均数是(0+2)÷2=1,所以中位数是1;在这组数据中出现次数最多的是2,即众数是2.故选C.5.【答案】A【考点】平行线的性质三角形内角和定理【解析】根据平行线性质求出∠A,根据三角形外角性质得出∠2=∠1−∠A,代入求出即可.【解答】解:如图,∵AB//CD,∴∠A=∠3=40∘,∵∠1=120∘,∴∠AFE=180∘−120∘=60∘,∴∠2=180∘−∠AFE−∠A=180∘−60∘−40∘=80∘.故选A.6.【答案】A【考点】同底数幂的乘法积的乘方及其应用幂的乘方及其应用根据积的乘方,等于各个因式乘方后的积;合并同类项法则;同底数幂相乘,底数不变,指数相加;幂的乘方,底数不变,指数相乘;对各选项分析判断即可得出结论.【解答】解:A 选项,积的乘方:(ab)2=a 2b 2,故正确;B 选项,合并同类项:a 2+a 2=2a 2,故错误;C 选项,幂的乘方:(a 2)3=a 6,故错误;D 选项,同底数幂相乘:a 2⋅a 3=a 5,故错误.故选A.7.【答案】B【考点】由实际问题抽象出分式方程【解析】设“复兴号”动车组的平均速度为x 千米/时,则特快列车的平均速度为(x −100)千米/时,根据提速后乘坐复兴号动车组列车将比乘坐特快列车节省2小时6分钟,列出方程即可.【解答】解:设“复兴号”动车组的平均速度为x 千米/时,则特快列车的平均速度为(x −100)千米/时,根据题意得:516x −100−516x =2110.故选B.8.【答案】A【考点】命题与定理菱形的性质【解析】利用菱形、矩形及正方形的判定方法及菱形的性质分别判断后即可确定正确的选项.【解答】解:A ,一组邻边相等的平行四边形是菱形,正确,是真命题,符合题意;B ,菱形的对角线互相垂直,故原命题错误,是假命题,不符合题意;C ,对角线互相垂直的平行四边形是菱形,故原命题错误,不符合题意;D ,四边都相等的四边形是菱形,故原命题错误,是假命题,不符合题意.故选A.9.【答案】B【考点】规律型:图形的变化类规律型:数字的变化类规律型:点的坐标【解答】观察图形的变化可知:每两颗白色珠子之间间隔的黑色珠子按1,2,3,4,…的规律递增,而右边露出的部分最后一个间隔中黑色珠子共有8颗,那么遮住部分应该含有5,6,7颗黑色珠子的部分,但7颗黑色珠子这一段有2颗露在外面,5颗黑色珠子这一段黑色珠子没有露在外面,所以黑色珠子共有5+6+5=16颗,并2颗白色珠子做间隔.所以被遮住的部分共有18颗珠子.故选B.10.【答案】D【考点】二次函数图象与几何变换二次函数图象与系数的关系【解析】根据已知条件“a<0、b>0、c<0”判断出该函数图象的开口方向、与x和y轴的交点、对称轴所在的位置,然后据此来判断它的图象.【解答】解:∵a=−1<0,b>0,∴该函数图象的开口向下,对称轴是x=−b2a>0.∵c<0,∴图象与y轴的交点在y轴的负半轴上.故选D.二、填空题(本题共计 5 小题,每题 4 分,共计20分)11.【答案】x≠6【考点】函数自变量的取值范围【解析】根据分母不等于0列式计算即可得解.【解答】解:由题意得,x−6≠0,解得x≠6.故答案为:x≠6.12.【答案】25【考点】根与系数的关系【解析】解:由题意得,x 12=2x 1+5,x 22=2x 2+5,x 1+x 2=2,则x 12+3x 22−4x 2+1=2x 1+5+3(2x 2+5)−4x 2+1=2(x 1+x 2)+21=25.故答案为:25.13.【答案】√5+12或√5+32【考点】黄金分割【解析】分AC 是较长的线段与较短的线段两种情况分别列式求解即可.【解答】解:①若AC 是较长的线段,∵AC =1cm ,∴AB ⋅√5−12=AC =1,解得AB =√5+12;②若AC 是较短的线段,∵AC =1cm ,∴AB ⋅(1−√5−12)=AC =1,解得AB =√5+32,综上所述,AB 的长是√5+12或√5+32.故答案为:√5+12或√5+32.14.【答案】x <−1或0<x <3【考点】反比例函数与一次函数的综合【解析】首先求出分界点,再结合图像讨论即可.【解答】解:令−3x =−x +2,整理得:x 2−2x −3=0,解得:x 1=−1,x 2=3,由图像可知:当x <−1时,−3x <−x +2;当−1<x <0时,−3x >−x +2;当0<x <3时,−3x <−x +2;当x >3时,−3x >−x +2.综上:x <−1或0<x <3.故答案为:x <−1或0<x <3. 15.【答案】4π圆周角定理垂径定理勾股定理等边三角形的性质与判定含30度角的直角三角形【解析】连接OB ,作OE ⊥BC 于E ,由圆周角定理和已知得出∠A =∠ACB =60∘,证出△ACB 为等边三角形,得BC =AC =2√3,∠OBE =30∘,由垂径定理得BE =12BC =√3,由直角三角形的性质得OE =1,OB =2OE =2,即可得出结论.【解答】解:连接OB ,OC ,过点O 作OE ⊥BC 于E ,如图所示:由题意得,∠A =∠CDB =60∘ ,且∠ACB =60∘,∴△ACB 为等边三角形,∴BC =AC =2√3.∵∠A =60∘,OE ⊥BC ,OB =OC ,∴∠BOE =12∠BOC =∠A =60∘.BE =CE =12BC =√3,∴∠OBE =30∘,∴OE =12OB.在Rt △OBE 中,由勾股定理得:OB 2=OE 2+BE 2,即OB 2=14OB 2+3,解得:OB =2,∴⊙O 的面积是π×22=4π.故答案为:4π.三、 解答题 (本题共计 10 小题 ,每题 9 分 ,共计90分 )16.【答案】(1−π)0+(−)−2+2sin60∘−|−2|=1+9+2×−2+=10+−2+=8+2.【考点】特殊角的三角函数值零指数幂负整数指数幂实数的运算首先计算零指数幂、负整数指数幂、特殊角的三角函数值和绝对值,然后计算乘法,最后从左向右依次计算,求出算式的值是多少即可.【解答】(1−π)0+(−)−2+2sin60∘−|−2|=1+9+2×−2+=10+−2+=8+2.17.【答案】100,35(2)网购人数为100×15%=15人,微信对应的百分比为40100×100%=40%,补全图形如下:(3)由(1)可得支付宝占比为35%,所以“支付宝”所在扇形的圆心角的度数为35%×360∘=126∘.(4)列表如下:A B C DA−A,B A,C A,DB A,B−B,C B,DC A,C B,C−C,DD A,D B,D C,D−共有12种情况,这两位同学最认可的新生事物不一样的有10种,所以这两位同学最认可的新生事物不一样的概率为1012=56.【考点】扇形统计图条形统计图列表法与树状图法【解析】(1)样本中,认可“共享单车”的有10人,占调查人数的10%,可求出调查人数,即m的值,进而求出“网购”的人数,“支付宝”的人数和所占的百分比,确定n的值;(2)总人数乘以网购人数的百分比可得其人数,用微信人数除以总人数求得其百分比即可补全两个图形;由(1)可得支付宝占比为35%,即可得“支付宝”所在扇形的圆心角的度数.列表得出所有等可能结果,从中找到这两位同学最认可的新生事物不一样的结果数,根据概率公式计算可得【解答】解:(1)10÷10%=100(人),即m=100,n%=35÷100×100%=35% ,∴n=35.故答案为:100;35.(2)网购人数为100×15%=15人,微信对应的百分比为40100×100%=40%,补全图形如下:(3)由(1)可得支付宝占比为35%,所以“支付宝”所在扇形的圆心角的度数为35%×360∘=126∘.(4)列表如下:A B C DA−A,B A,C A,DB A,B−B,C B,DC A,C B,C−C,DD A,D B,D C,D−共有12种情况,这两位同学最认可的新生事物不一样的有10种,所以这两位同学最认可的新生事物不一样的概率为1012=56.18.【答案】解:(1)如图所示,△A1B1C即为所求;(2)如图所示,△A2B2C2即为所求;(3)如图所示,旋转中心为点P,它的坐标为(2,−1).【考点】作图-旋转变换作图-平移变换【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解:(1)如图所示,△A1B1C即为所求;(2)如图所示,△A2B2C2即为所求;(3)如图所示,旋转中心为点P,它的坐标为(2,−1).19.【答案】解:(1)∵CG⊥AB于G,∴∠BGC=90∘.在△BGC中,∠BGC=90∘,∠B=37∘,BC=10km,∴CG=BC⋅sin37∘≈10×0.60≈6.0(km).故两桥之间的距离CG约为6.0km;(2)如图,过点D作DH⊥AB于H,DM//CB交AB于M.∵DC//AB,∴四边形DCBM为平行四边形.∴DC=MB,MD=BC=10km.∴两条路线路程之差为:AD+CD+BC−AB=AD+DM−AM.在Rt△DMH中,DH=CG≈6.0km,MH=DM⋅cos37∘≈10×0.80≈8.0km.在Rt△ADH中,AD=√2DH≈1.41×6.0≈8.46km.AH=DH≈6.0km.∴AD+DM−AM≈(8.46+10)−(6.0+8.0)≈4.46≈4.5(km).即从A地到B地可比原来少走约4.5km.【考点】解直角三角形的应用【解析】(1)在RT△BGC中,由sin∠B=CGBC,即可求出CG的长度;(2)从A地到达B地比原来少走的路程就是(AD+CD+BC−AB)的长.过点D作DH⊥AB于H,DG//CB交AB于G.将梯形问题转化为三角形中求解.【解答】解:(1)∵CG⊥AB于G,∴∠BGC=90∘.在△BGC中,∠BGC=90∘,∠B=37∘,BC=10km,∴CG=BC⋅sin37∘≈10×0.60≈6.0(km).故两桥之间的距离CG约为6.0km;(2)如图,过点D作DH⊥AB于H,DM//CB交AB于M.∵DC//AB,∴四边形DCBM为平行四边形.∴DC=MB,MD=BC=10km.∴两条路线路程之差为:AD+CD+BC−AB=AD+DM−AM.在Rt△DMH中,DH=CG≈6.0km,MH=DM⋅cos37∘≈10×0.80≈8.0km.在Rt△ADH中,AD=√2DH≈1.41×6.0≈8.46km.AH=DH≈6.0km.∴AD+DM−AM≈(8.46+10)−(6.0+8.0)≈4.46≈4.5(km).即从A地到B地可比原来少走约4.5km.20.【答案】解:(1)如图所示,①以A为圆心,以任意长度为半径画弧,与AC、AB相交,再以两个交点为圆心,以大于两点之间距离的一半为半径画弧相交于∠BAC内部③如图,⊙O与AB交于点M;(2)证明:∵EF是AD的垂直平分线,且点O在AD上,∴OA=OD,∴∠OAD=∠ODA,∵AD是∠BAC的平分线,∴∠OAD=∠CAD,∴∠ODA=∠CAD,∴OD//AC,∵AC⊥BC,∴OD⊥BC,故BC是⊙O的切线.(3)根据题意可知OM=OA=OD=12AM,M=4BM=4BM,∴OM=2BM,BO=3MM,AB=5BM,∴BOAB=3BM5BM=35,由(2)可知Rt△BOD与Rt△BAC有公共角∠B,∴Rt△BOD∼Rt△BAC,∴DOCA=BOBA,即DO10=35,解得DO=6,故⊙O的半径为6.【考点】作图—基本作图勾股定理角平分线的性质【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解:(1)如图所示,①以A为圆心,以任意长度为半径画弧,与AC、AB相交,再以两个交点为圆心,以大于两点之间距离的一半为半径画弧相交于∠BAC内部一点,将点A与它连接并延长,与BC交于点D,则AD为∠BAC的平分线;②分别以点A、点D为圆心,以大于12AD长度为半径画圆,将两圆交点连接,则EF为AD的垂直平分线,EF与AB交于点O;③如图,⊙O与AB交于点M;(2)证明:∵EF是AD的垂直平分线,且点O在AD上,∴OA=OD,∴∠OAD=∠ODA,∵AD是∠BAC的平分线,∴∠OAD=∠CAD,∴∠ODA=∠CAD,∴OD//AC,∵AC⊥BC,∴OD⊥BC,故BC是⊙O的切线.(3)根据题意可知OM=OA=OD=12AM,M=4BM=4BM,∴OM=2BM,BO=3MM,AB=5BM,∴BOAB=3BM5BM=35,由(2)可知Rt△BOD与Rt△BAC有公共角∠B,∴Rt△BOD∼Rt△BAC,∴DOCA=BOBA,即DO10=35,解得DO=6,故⊙O的半径为6.21.证明:连接OA,OB,则∠AOB=2∠ACB ,∵OA=OB,∴∠OAB=∠OBA.∵∠AOB+∠OAB+∠OBA=180∘即2∠ACB+2∠OAB=180∘,∴∠ACB+∠OAB=90∘.又∵∠ACB=∠BAN,∴∠BAN+∠OAB=90∘,∴OA⊥MN,∴MN是圆O的切线.【考点】切线的判定圆周角定理【解析】【解答】证明:连接OA,OB,则∠AOB=2∠ACB ,∵OA=OB,∴∠OAB=∠OBA.∵∠AOB+∠OAB+∠OBA=180∘即2∠ACB+2∠OAB=180∘,∴∠ACB+∠OAB=90∘.又∵∠ACB=∠BAN,∴∠BAN+∠OAB=90∘,∴OA⊥MN,∴MN是圆O的切线.22.【答案】解:(1)设购买一个甲种文具a元,一个乙种文具b元,由题意得:{2a+3b=45,3a+b=50,解得{a=15,b=5.答:购买一个甲种文具15元,一个乙种文具5元.(2)根据题意列不等式:995≤15x+5(100−x)≤1050,解得49.5≤x≤55,由于x是整数,∴x=50,51,52,53,54,55,∴有6种购买方案.(3)W=15x+5(100−x)=10x+500.∵10>0,∴W随x的增大而增大,x的取值为50,51,52,53,54,55,当x=50时,W最小,W min=10×50+500=1000(元),【考点】一次函数的应用一元一次不等式组的应用由实际问题抽象出二元一次方程组【解析】(1)设购买一个甲种文具a元,一个乙种文具b元,根据“购买2个甲种文具、3个乙种文具共需花费45元;购买3个甲种文具、1个乙种文具共需花费50元”列方程组解答即可;(2)根据题意列出不等式组求解即可;(3)求出W与x的函数关系式,根据一次函数的性质解答即可.【解答】解:(1)设购买一个甲种文具a元,一个乙种文具b元,由题意得:{2a+3b=45,3a+b=50,解得{a=15,b=5.答:购买一个甲种文具15元,一个乙种文具5元.(2)根据题意列不等式:995≤15x+5(100−x)≤1050,解得49.5≤x≤55,由于x是整数,∴x=50,51,52,53,54,55,∴有6种购买方案.(3)W=15x+5(100−x)=10x+500.∵10>0,∴W随x的增大而增大,x的取值为50,51,52,53,54,55,当x=50时,W最小,W min=10×50+500=1000(元),∴100−50=50.答:购买甲种文具50个,乙种文具50个时需要的资金最少,最少资金是1000元.23.【答案】解:(1)0∼4时,风速平均每小时增加2千米,所以4时风速为8千米/时;4∼10时,风速变为平均每小时增加4千米,10时达到最高风速,为8+6×4=32千米/时;10∼20时,风速不变,最高风速维持时间为20−10=10小时.(2)当x≥20时,设y=kx,将(20,32)代入,得32=k20,解得k=640.所以当x≥20时,风速y(小时/千米)与时间x(小时)之间的函数关系为y=640x;(3)∵4时风速为8千米/时,而4小时后,风速变为平均每小时增加4千米,∴4.5时风速为10千米/时,将y=10代入y=640x,得10=640x,解得x=64,64−4.5=59.5(小时).故沙尘暴的风速从开始形成过程中的10千米/小时到最后减弱过程中的10千米/小时,共经过59.5小时.【考点】反比例函数的应用【解析】(1)由速度=增加幅度×时间可得4时风速为8千米/时,10时达到最高风速,为32千米/时,与x轴平行的一段风速不变,最高风速维持时间为20−10=10小时;(2)设y=kx,将(20,32)代入,利用待定系数法即可求解;(3)由于4时风速为8千米/时,而4小时后,风速变为平均每小时增加4千米,所以4.5时风速为10千米/时,再将y=10代入(2)中所求函数解析式,求出x的值,再减去4.5,即可求解.解:(1)0∼4时,风速平均每小时增加2千米,所以4时风速为8千米/时;4∼10时,风速变为平均每小时增加4千米,10时达到最高风速,为8+6×4=32千米/时;10∼20时,风速不变,最高风速维持时间为20−10=10小时.(2)当x ≥20时,设y =kx ,将(20,32)代入,得32=k20,解得k =640.所以当x ≥20时,风速y (小时/千米)与时间x (小时)之间的函数关系为y =640x ;(3)∵4时风速为8千米/时,而4小时后,风速变为平均每小时增加4千米,∴4.5时风速为10千米/时,将y =10代入y =640x ,得10=640x ,解得x =64,64−4.5=59.5(小时).故沙尘暴的风速从开始形成过程中的10千米/小时到最后减弱过程中的10千米/小时,共经过59.5小时.24.【答案】解:(1)∵二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c 的图象过点A(−1,0),C(0,4),且对称轴为直线x =1,∴{a −b +c =0c =4−b2a =1,解得{a =−43b =83c =4,∴抛物线的解析式为y =−43x 2+83x +4.(2)过点G 作y 轴的平行线,交BC 于点E ,∵A(−1,0),抛物线的对称轴为直线x =1,∴B(3,0),设直线BC 的解析式为y =mx +n(m+0),∵直线BC 过点B(3,0),C(0,4),∴{3m+n =0n =4,解得{m =−43,n =4∴直线BC 的解析式为y =−43x +4,设点G 的坐标为(t,−43t 2+83t +4),则点E 的做标为(t,−43t +4),∴GE =−43t 2+83t +4−(−43t +4)=−43t 2+4t ,S 四边形ABGC =S △ABC +S △DCG =12AB ⋅OC +12OB ⋅GF =−2t 2+6t +8=−2(t −32)2+252,∵−2<0,∴当t =32时,S 四边形ABGC 取最大值,最大值为252.(3)①当BC 为边,四边形PHBC 为平行四边形时,∵B(3,0),C(0,4),点H 的横坐标为1,∴点P 的横坐标1+0−3=−2,∴点P 的坐标为(−2,−203),∴点H 的坐标为(1,−203−4),即(1,−323);②当BC 为边,四边形HPBC 为平行四边形时,∵B(3,0),C(0,4),点H 的横坐标为1,∴点P 的横坐标1+3−0=4,∴点P 的坐标为(4,−203),∴点H 的坐标为(1,−203+4),即(1,−33);③当BC 为对角线时,∴点P 的横坐标为3+0−1=2,∴点P 的坐标为(2,4),∴点H 的坐标为(1,0+4−4),即(1,0),综上所述:点H 的坐标(1,−123),(1,−83)或(1,0)【考点】二次函数综合题【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解:(1)∵二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c 的图象过点A(−1,0),C(0,4),且对称轴为直线x =1,∴{a −b +c =0c =4−b2a =1,解得{a =−43b =83c =4,∴抛物线的解析式为y =−43x 2+83x +4.(2)过点G 作y 轴的平行线,交BC 于点E ,∵A(−1,0),抛物线的对称轴为直线x =1,∴B(3,0),设直线BC 的解析式为y =mx +n(m+0),∵直线BC 过点B(3,0),C(0,4),∴{3m+n =0n =4,解得{m =−43,n =4∴直线BC 的解析式为y =−43x +4,设点G 的坐标为(t,−43t 2+83t +4),则点E 的做标为(t,−43t +4),∴GE =−43t 2+83t +4−(−43t +4)=−43t 2+4t ,S 四边形ABGC =S △ABC +S △DCG =12AB ⋅OC +12OB ⋅GF =−2t 2+6t +8=−2(t −32)2+252,∵−2<0,∴当t =32时,S 四边形ABGC 取最大值,最大值为252.(3)①当BC 为边,四边形PHBC 为平行四边形时,∵B(3,0),C(0,4),点H 的横坐标为1,∴点P 的横坐标1+0−3=−2,∴点P 的坐标为(−2,−203),∴点H 的坐标为(1,−203−4),即(1,−323);②当BC 为边,四边形HPBC 为平行四边形时,∵B(3,0),C(0,4),点H 的横坐标为1,∴点的横坐标,∴点P的坐标为(4,−203),∴点H的坐标为(1,−203+4),即(1,−33);③当BC为对角线时,∵B(3,0),C(0,4),点H的横坐标为1,∴点P的横坐标为3+0−1=2,∴点P的坐标为(2,4),∴点H的坐标为(1,0+4−4),即(1,0),综上所述:点H的坐标(1,−123),(1,−83)或(1,0)25.【答案】cm/s,(4,4)当0≤t<4时,点E在线段CD上.①由题意,∠BFG=∠ECO=45∘,当=时,△ECO∽△GFB,∴=,解得t=2.当=时,△ECO∽△BFG,∴=,解得t=2−2或−2,综上所述,满足条件的t的值为2或2.②存在.如图1−2中t,4−.∵B(4,5),0),∴直线AB的解析式为y=−2x+12,把G(t,4−,得到4−t+12,解得t=.点G正好落在线段AB上时t的值为.【考点】相似三角形综合题【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】此题暂无解答。
初三中考数学试卷北师大版
一、选择题(每题3分,共30分)1. 下列各数中,绝对值最小的是()A. -3B. 0C. 1D. -22. 若m,n是方程x^2-3x+2=0的两个根,则m+n的值是()A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 53. 已知等腰三角形底边长为6cm,腰长为8cm,则该三角形的周长为()A. 18cmB. 20cmC. 22cmD. 24cm4. 若a^2=4,b^2=9,则a+b的值为()A. 5B. -5C. 13D. -135. 下列函数中,定义域为实数集的是()A. y=√(x-1)B. y=|x|C. y=1/xD. y=x^26. 若a,b,c是等差数列,且a+b+c=12,b=4,则c的值为()A. 2B. 4C. 6D. 87. 下列各式中,有理数平方根为整数的是()A. (-1/2)^2B. (-3/2)^2C. (-2/3)^2D. (-1/3)^28. 下列函数中,是奇函数的是()A. y=x^2B. y=|x|C. y=x^3D. y=x^49. 下列各式中,对数式有意义的是()A. log2(-3)B. log2(1/2)C. log2(0)D. log2(∞)10. 若|a|=5,|b|=3,则|a-b|的取值范围是()A. [2,8]B. [2,5]C. [5,8]D. [5,12]二、填空题(每题3分,共30分)11. 若x^2-5x+6=0,则x的值为______。
12. 若a,b,c是等差数列,且a+b+c=12,b=4,则公差d的值为______。
13. 已知等腰三角形底边长为6cm,腰长为8cm,则该三角形的面积为______cm^2。
14. 若a^2=4,b^2=9,则a+b的值为______。
15. 下列函数中,定义域为实数集的是______。
16. 若a,b,c是等差数列,且a+b+c=12,b=4,则c的值为______。
17. 下列各式中,对数式有意义的是______。
中考数学试题北师大版经典中考
数学中考模拟试卷全卷分A卷和B卷,A卷满分100分,B卷满分50分;考试时间l20分钟。
A卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷,第Ⅰ卷为选择题,第Ⅱ卷为其他类型的题。
A卷(共100分)第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共30分)一、选择题:(每小题3分,共30分)1. 8的立方根是()(A) 2 (B) ±2 (C) 4 (D) ±42.已知a)(A)1± (B) 1 (C)1- (D) 03.已知一粒大米的质量约为0.000021千克,这个数用科学记数法表示为()(A) 4⨯2.110-0.2110-⨯(B) 4(C) 5⨯2110-2.110-⨯ (D) 64.由若干个相同的小立方体搭成的几何体的三视图如图所示,则搭成这个几何体的小立方体的个数是()(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6主视图左视图俯视图5.下列事件中,属于不确定事件的有()①太阳从西边升起;②任意摸一张体育彩票会中奖;③掷一枚骰子,数字“6”朝上;④小明长大后成为一名宇航员(A) ①②③ (B) ①③④ (C) ②③④ (D) ①②④6. 某中学篮球队12名队员的年龄情况如下:则这个队队员年龄的众数和中位数分别是()(A)15岁,16岁; (B)15岁,15岁; (C)15岁,15.5岁; (D)16岁,15岁7. 关于x的方程()06862=+--xxa有实数根,则整数a的最大值是()(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 98. 把一个长方形纸片沿EF折叠后,点D、C分别落在D’、C’的位置,若︒=∠65EFB,则AE∠D’等于()(A) ︒70 (B)︒65 (C)︒50 (D)︒259.已知O是四边形ABCD内一点,OA=OB=OC,∠ABC=∠ADC=︒70,则∠DAO+∠DCO的大小是()(A)︒70 (B)︒110 (C) ︒140 (D)︒150 10. 已知圆锥的底面半径为5cm,侧面积为65πcm2,设圆锥的母线与高的夹角为θ,则θsin的值为()(A)125(B)135(C)1310(D)1312第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共70分)二、填空题:(每小题4分,共20分)将答案直接写在该题目中的横线上.11.分解因式:=+-aaa251023______ ___12.函数1-=xxy中,自变量x的取值范围是13.如图,路灯距离地面8米,身高1.6米的小明站在(第10题图)OAMB(第13题图)距离灯的底部(点O )20米的A 处,则小明的影长为___________米. 14.若,m n n m -=-且,3,4==n m 则()2n m += 15.如图,已知点A 、B 在双曲线xky =(x >0)上,AC ⊥x 轴于点C ,BD ⊥y 轴于点D ,AC 与BD 交于点P ,P 是AC 的中点,若△ABP 的面积为3,则k = .三、(第16题每小题5分,第17题6分,共16分) 16.解答下列各题:(1)计算: 2202(3)( 3.14)8sin 45π----+--︒.(2)先化简:)2(2222a b ab a aba b a ++÷--,当1-=b 时,请你为a 任意选一个适当的数代入求值。
2024年北师大版英语中考仿真试卷与参考答案
2024年北师大版英语中考仿真试卷与参考答案一、听力部分(本大题有20小题,每小题1分,共20分)1.Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to the question.Question:What time does the train to London leave?A. 8:15 a.m.B. 9:00 a.m.C. 9:45 a.m.Answer: BExplanation:The recording states, “The next train to London will be departing at 9:00 a.m. from platform 3.” This clearly indicates that the train leaves at 9:00 a.m., making option B the correct answer.2.Listen to the conversation and answer the following question.Question:Where does the woman suggest the man go for lunch?A. A new Italian restaurant downtown.B. The usual café near the office.C. The sandwich shop across the street.Answer: AExplanation:During the conversation, the woman says, “Why don’t we try that new Italian restaurant downtown today? I heard it’s quite good.” This suggests that she is proposing to go to a new Italian restaurant downtown for lunch, thus makingA the correct answer.3、Listen to the recording and choose the best response to complete the dialogue.Recording: “Excuse me, could you tell me where the nearest post office is?”A)It’s on the left side of the street.B)Sorry, I’m not sure.C)It’s five minutes by car.Answer: B) Sorry, I’m not sure.Explanation: The speaker in the recording is asking for directions to the nearest post office. Option A gives a specific direction, but without further context, we can’t assume that the person responding knows the exact location. Option C provides travel time, which is not a direct answer to the question. Option B is the most appropriate response as it acknowledges the question but expresses uncertainty about the location.4、Listen to the recording and match the information with the correct picture.Recording: “Look at the map. The park is marked with a green circle, and the museum is marked with a blue square. The library is located just north of the museum.”Picture options:A) A map with a green circle and a blue square labeled “museum” in the middle, and a red triangle labeled “library” to the sout h.B) A map with a green circle labeled “park” and a blue square labeled “museum”in the top-right corner, and a red triangle labeled “library” slightly above and to the left of the museum.C) A map with a green circle labeled “park” and a blue square labeled “museum”in the bottom-left corner, and a red triangle labeled “library” below and to the right of the museum.Answer: B) A map with a green circle labeled “park” and a blue square labeled “museum” in the top-right corner, and a red triangle labeled “library” slightly above and to the left of the museum.Explanation: The recording describes the relative locations of the park (green circle), museum (blue square), and library (red triangle). Option B correctly depicts these locations on the map according to the given instructions, with the library located just north of the museum. Option A places the library to the south of the museum, which contradicts the recording. Option C places the park and museum in the bottom-left corner, which is not specified in the recording, and also misplaces the library.5、Listen to the short conversation and choose the best answer.Question: What time does the train leave for London?A. 8:30 a.m.C. 9:30 a.m.Answer: BExplanation: In the conversation, the woman asks the man when the train leaves for London, and the man replies, “The train leaves at 9 o’clock sharp.” This indicates that the train departs at 9:00 a.m., so the correct answer isB.6、Listen to the news report and answer the question.Question: What is the main topic of the news report?A. A new discovery in astronomy.B. A global health crisis.C. An upcoming cultural event.Answer: BExplanation: The news report mentions a sudden increase in cases of a certain virus, causing health officials to issue warnings and advise people to take precautions. This suggests that the main topic is a global health crisis, so the correct answer is B. The report does not mention anything about astronomy or cultural events.7、Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to the question.Question: What time does the train leave for London?A. 8:30 a.m.B. 9:00 a.m.Answer: BExplanation: The recording states, “The train to London departs at 9:00 a.m. sharp. Please make sure to be at the platform at least 15 minutes before departure.” Therefore, the correct answer is B, 9:00 a.m.8、Listen to the conversation and select the missing word in the sentence.Conversation:Man: Excuse me, could you tell me where the nearest post office is? Woman: Sure, it’s just around the corner on the left. You’ll see a big sign that says “Post Office”.Man: Great, thanks. Do they open at 9 a.m.?Woman: Yes, they do. But they close at 5 p.m. sharp, so make sure you get there before then.Sentence: The post office is located just around the corner on the left and it opens at 9 a.m. and closes at 5 p.m. ____.Missing Word: sharpExplanation: The woman in the conversation states, “But they clo se at 5 p.m. sharp, so make sure you get there before then.” The word “sharp” is used to emphasize that the post office closes exactly at 5 p.m. without any delay. Therefore, the missing word in the sentence is “sharp.”9、Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer.Question: What time does the train leave for London?B. 9:30 a.m.C. 10:30 a.m.Answer: BExplanation: In the dialogue, the speaker says, “The next train to London leaves at 9:30 a.m.” Therefore, the correct answer is B.10、Listen to the short passage and answer the question.Question: What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of reading books.B. The history of libraries.C. The importance of technology in education.Answer: AExplanation: The passage mentions several benefits of reading books, such as improving vocabulary, comprehension, and imagination. It does not focus on the history of libraries or the importance of technology in education. Therefore, the main idea of the passage is the benefits of reading books, and the answer is A.11、Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question.Question: What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Go to the movies.B. Read a book.C. Stay at home.Answer: AExplanation: In the dialogue, the man says, “Why don’t we go to the movies tonight? There’s a new action film opening.” This suggests that he is proposing the woman goes to the movies with him. The other options, B and C, are not mentioned in the dialogue.12、Listen to the short passage and complete the following sentence.Sentence: The weather forecast predicts that there will be_____tomorrow.Answer: rainExplanation: The short passage states, “According to the latest weather forecast, we can expect some rain showers tomorrow morning, with possible thunderstorms in the afternoon.” This information directly indicates that there will be rain tomorrow, making “rain” the correct answer to complete the sentence.13、Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the question.Question: What does the man suggest the woman do to improve her listening skills?A)Listen to English music more often.B)Watch English movies with subtitles.C)Practice listening to English news every day.Answer: CExplanation: In the conversation, the man says, “I think you sh ould try listening to English news every day. It’s a great way to get used to different accents and improve your listening comprehension.” This directly suggests thewoman should practice listening to English news daily to enhance her listening skills.14、Listen to the passage and select the missing word in the sentence.The passage states that one of the most effective ways to learn a language is to_________it as often as possible.A)speakB)writeC)readAnswer: AExplanation: The passage discusses the importance of actively using a language to learn it effectively. The missing word is related to an action that actively engages with the language. The context suggests “speaking” as the most relevant action since it directly involves communication and practice of the language. The sentence would then read, “The passage states that one of the most effective ways to learn a language is to speak it as often as possible.”15、Listen to the recording and choose the best answer to the question.Question: What time does the train leave for London?A. 8:00 a.m.B. 9:00 a.m.C. 10:00 a.m.Answer: BExplanation: The recording clearly states, “The train to London departs at 9:00 a.m. from platform 3.” The key information here is “9:00 a.m.” forthe departure time of the train to London.16、Listen to the dialogue and answer the following question.Question: Where did the speaker buy the book?A. At the library.B. Online.C. From a friend.Answer: BExplanation: During the dialogue, the speaker says, “I actually found this book online and had it shipped to me. It was a great deal and in perfect condition.” The phrase “found this book online” and “had it shipped to me” indicate that the book was purchased online.17、Listen to the recording and choose the correct answer.Question: What time does the train leave for New York?A. 8:15 amB. 9:00 amC. 9:45 amAnswer: BExplanation: In the recording, the speaker clearly states that the train for New York departs at 9:00 am. Listen carefully to the time mentioned in the audio to identify the correct departure time.18、Listen to the dialogue and answer the question.Question: Where did the woman buy her new shoes?A. At the mall.B. Online.C. From a friend.Answer: AExplanation: During the dialogue, the woman states, “I just got these new shoes from the mall. They’re so comfortable!” This directly indicates that she purchased her new shoes at the mall. Pay attention to the location mentioned by the speakers in the conversation to determine the correct answer.19、Question: Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the question.You will hear:Man: Hey, do you know what time the movie starts tonight?Woman: Yeah, it’s at 7:30 p.m. But we should g et there earlier to get good seats.Question: What time does the movie start?A) 7:00 p.m.B) 7:30 p.m.C) 8:00 p.m.Answer: B) 7:30 p.m.Explanation: The woman clearly states that the movie starts at 7:30 p.m.20、Question: Listen to the short passage and answer the question.You will hear:Narrator: It’s important to drink plenty of water throughout the day. Waterhelps regulate body temperature, remove waste from the body, and carry nutrients to our cells. Adults should aim to drink at least eight glasses of water per day. Remember, staying hydrated is key to good health.Question: How many glasses of water should adults aim to drink per day?A) Six glassesB) Eight glassesC) Ten glassesAnswer: B) Eight glassesExplanation: The narrator mentions that adults should aim to drink at least eight glasses of water per day.二、阅读理解(30分)Title: The Power of BooksBooks have always been a source of knowledge, inspiration, and escape for countless individuals throughout history. They are windows to different worlds, allowing us to travel without leaving our homes. The power of books lies not only in their ability to educate but also in their capacity to ignite imaginations, challenge beliefs, and inspire change.In today’s fast-paced world, where technology dominates many aspects of our lives, the importance of books might seem overshadowed. However, the truth is that books remain as vital as ever. They provide a unique form of entertainment that cannot be replicated by screens. The smell of a new book, the feel of itspages under your fingers, and the anticipation of uncovering its secrets –these are experiences that deeply resonate with readers.Moreover, books offer a depth of understanding that goes beyond the surface. They allow us to delve into complex ideas, emotions, and historical events in a way that often feels more personal and engaging than any online article or video. By reading, we can gain perspectives from different cultures, eras, and mindsets, broadening our horizons and fostering empathy.But the power of books extends beyond personal growth. They have the capacity to unite people and spark conversations that can lead to positive social change. Books have been instrumental in raising awareness about social injustices, environmental issues, and other pressing concerns. They inspire individuals to take action and make a difference in their communities and beyond.Questions:1.What is the main idea of the passage?A. Books are outdated in today’s digital age.B. Books provide unique experiences and benefits.C. Reading is only for entertainment purposes.D. Books should be replaced by technology.Answer: B2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason why books remain important?A. They offer a depth of understanding.B. They provide instant access to information.C. They broaden our horizons and foster empathy.D. They can inspire social change.Answer: B3.What does the author suggest about the role of books in fostering empathy?A. Books cannot foster empathy among readers.B. Books offer a limited view of other cultures.C. Reading books helps us understand different perspectives.D. Books are not as effective as personal experiences in fostering empathy.Answer: C三、完型填空(15分)Section Three: ClozeDirections: Read the following passage and fill in each blank with the most suitable word or phrase selected from the given choices. Each blank is worth 1 point.The art of calligraphy, or the beautiful writing of characters, has been a cherished tradition in many cultures for centuries. In China, it is not just a means of 1 but also a form of self-expression and meditation. The practice of calligraphy involves not only the mastery of brush strokes and ink control but also the understanding of the 2 meaning behind each character.As a young boy, Wang Xizhi, considered one of the greatest calligraphersin Chinese history, was already fascinated by the art. He spent countless hours studying and practicing, 3 to replicate the styles of the masters who had come before him. However, it was his unique ability to combine these influences with his own creativity that set him apart.One of the most significant aspects of calligraphy is the concept of “qi” (energy or life force). When executed with skill, the strokes on the paper seem to 4 with an invisible energy, conveying a sense of dynamism and harmony. This is where the art truly transcends mere communication; it becomes a living, breathing entity that resonates with the viewer.For many practitioners, the process of creating calligraphy is as rewarding as the final product. It is a time for 5, for reflection, and for connection with the past and the present. Through their brushstrokes, they leave behind a testament to their skill, their emotions, and their understanding of the world.Choices:1.A. expressionB. communicationC. entertainmentD. education2.A. literalB. culturalC. emotionalD. historical3.A. strivingB. failingC. refusingD. pretending4.A. pulseB. blendC. glowD. shimmer5.A. escapeB. relaxationC. competitionD. solitudeAnswers:1.B2.A3.A4.A5.D四、语法填空题(本大题有10小题,每小题1分,共10分)1、The scientist, along with his assistants,_______(make) great progress in their research recently.Answer: has madeExplanation: When the subject of a sentence is followed by a phrase starting with “along with,” “together with,” “as well as,” or similar phrases, the verb should agree with the first subject, which is singular in this case (“the scientist”). Therefore, the verb should be in the third-person singular present perfect tense (“has made”) to match the singular subject and the timeframe of “recently.”2、By the time she arrives, we_______(wait) for her for two hours.Answer: will have been waitingExplanation: This sentence requires the use of the future perfect continuous tense to express an action that will have been in progress for a certain duration by a future point in time. Here, the action of waiting will have been ongoing for two hours by the time she arrives in the future. The structure of the future perfect continuous tense is “will have been + verb-ing.” Hence, the correct form is “will have been waiting.”3、The book_______(belong) to John. He bought it last week.Answer: belongsExplanation: The sentence is talking about the present ownership of the book. The verb “belong” needs to be in its third-person singular present tense form “belongs” to agree with the singular subject “The book”. The word “to” after “belongs” indicates own ership.4、I_______(see) him play basketball on the playground when I was walkingpast.Answer: sawExplanation: The sentence uses the past continuous tense “was walking” to describe an action happening in the past. Therefore, the verb “see” needs to be in its past simple form “saw” to match the tense and indicate that the action of seeing him play basketball happened at a specific point in the past while the speaker was walking past.5、______ (keep) healthy, he takes exercise every day.Answer: To keepExpl anation: This sentence uses the infinitive form of the verb “keep” as a purpose clause, indicating the reason or purpose for taking exercise every day. The phrase “to keep healthy” functions as an adverbial clause of purpose, explaining why he engages in daily exercise.6、The Great Wall______(see) by millions of people every year. Answer: is seenExplanation: The sentence is in the passive voice, indicating that the Great Wall is the recipient of the action of being seen. The verb “see” is conjugated in the third-person singular present tense passive form “is seen” to match the subject “The Great Wall,” which is singular and treated as a non-animate entity capable of being acted upon. This construction correctly conveys that the Great Wall is visited and viewed by millions of people annually.7、______ he is not good at English, he still tries his best to learn it.Answer: AlthoughExplanation: This sentence is a typical example of a concessive clause. “Although” is used to introduce a subo rdinate clause that expresses a fact or situation that contradicts or contrasts with the main clause. Here, the main clause is “he still tries his best to learn it”, indicating that despite the fact mentioned in the subordinate clause (“he is not good at English”), he still makes an effort. Therefore, “Although” is the most appropriate word to fill in the blank.8、The book______I borrowed from the library is very interesting. Answer: that/whichExplanation: This sentence contains a relative clause modifying the noun “book”. In English, relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns such as “that”, “which”, “who”, etc. Here, “that” or “which” can be used interchangeably as the relative pronoun to refer to the book and connect the relative clause (“I borrowed from the library”) to the main clause (“is very interesting”). The use of “that” or “which” ensures the grammatical correctness and clarity of the sentence.9、______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.Answer: To completeExplanation: This sentence requires a non-finite verb form (either an infinitive or a participle) to function as an adverbial clause of purpose. “To complete” is an infinitive that indicates the purpose of the staff working atweekends, which is to finish the project in time. A participle clause (e.g., “Completing”) would not be appropriate here because it would suggest a simultaneous action, whereas the context emphasizes the purpose of working weekends.10、He asked his students to stop______and listen to him.Answer: talkingExplanation: This sentence requires a non-finite verb form to complete the phrase “stop _____”. The correct form is the present participle “talking”, which is used with “stop” to express the idea of ceasing an ongoing action. The phrase “stop talking” means to interrupt one’s speech or conversation. The alternative, a bare infinitive (“to talk”), would not be grammatically correct in this context.五、简答题(本大题有5小题,每小题2分,共10分)1.Question:Describe the main differences between the past simple tense and the present perfect tense in English, giving examples for each.Answer:The main differences between the past simple tense and the present perfect tense are:•Past Simple Tense: It is used to describe a completed action in the past that has no direct connection to the present. It focuses on the past eventitself.•Example: “I saw a movie last night.” (The action of seeing the movie is completed, and it happened in the past.)•Present Perfect Tense: It is used to describe an action that started in the past and has some relevance or connection to the present. It emphasizes the present result or state caused by the past action.•Example: “I have seen that movie before.” (The action of seeing the movie happened in the past, but the fact that it was seen at some point in the past is relevant to the present.)Explanation:The past simple tense is straightforward, focusing on the past action itself. It does not imply any ongoing effect in the present. The present perfect tense, on the other hand, connects the past action to the present by emphasizing the result or experience that the action has brought about.2.Question:Explain the use of the article “the” in English, providing examples to illustrate its application in both singular and plural nouns.Answer:The ar ticle “the” is a definite article in English, used to refer to a specific noun or noun phrase that is known or identified by the speaker and listener.•Singular Nouns: When used with a singular noun, “the” indicates that the noun refers to a particular, known, or previously mentioned individual or thing.•Example: “The book on the table is mine.” (Here, “the book” refers to a specific book that is already identified or known.) •Plural Nouns: Similarly, “the” can also be used with plural nouns to refer to a specific group or set of individuals or things.•Example: “The books in the library are arranged alphabetically.” (Here, “the books” refers to a specific collection of books in the library.) Explanation:The use of “the” in English is crucial for specifying and clarifying which noun or noun phrase the speaker is referring to. Without “the,” the noun would generally be understood as generic or indefinite. Therefore, “the” helps establish clarity and precision in communication by making the reference definite.3、Question:What are the three main types of sentences in English grammar? Please give an example of each type.Answer:The three main types of sentences in English grammar are declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences.•Declarative Sentence: State s a fact or an opinion. Example: “The sun rises in the east.”•Interrogative Sentence: Asks a question. Example: “Do you like coffee?”•Imperative Sentence: Gives a command or a request. Example: “Please close the door.”Explanation: These are the fundamental sentence types in English, each serving adistinct purpose in communication. Declarative sentences convey information, interrogative sentences seek information, and imperative sentences express a desire for action.4、Question:Explain the difference between a subject and a predicate in a sentence, and provide an example sentence with its subject and predicate identified.Answer:The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is performing the action or being described, while the predicate is everything else in the sentence that tells us about the subject. The predicate includes the verb and any modifiers, objects, or complements that provide additional information about the subject.Example Sentence: “The cat chases the mouse.”•Subject: “The cat”•Predicate: “chases the mouse”Explanation: In this example, “The cat” is the subject because it is the entity performing the action. The predicate, “chases the mouse,” tells us what the cat is doing, providing details about the subject’s behavior. Understanding the distinction between subject and predicate helps clarify the structure and meaning of sentences.5、Question: Explain the difference between the present simple tense and the present continuous tense, giving examples for each.Answer:The present simple tense and the present continuous tense are both used to talk about actions or states that are happening in the present moment, but they conveyslightly different meanings.•The present simple tense is used to describe habits, routines, general truths, or facts that are always true. It does not necessarily mean that the action is happening right now, but rather that it occurs regularly or is a general characteristic. For example:•“I go to school every day.” (Habit)•“Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.” (General truth)•The present continuous tense, on the other hand, is used to describe actions that are actually happening right now or actions that aretemporary and happening around the present moment. It emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action. For example:•“I am reading a book now.” (Action happening right now)•“She is learning to play the guitar.” (Temporary action happening around the present)Explanation:The main difference lies in their usage and the meaning they convey. The present simple tense is for actions that are habitual, routine, or generally true, while the present continuous tense is for actions that are happening at the moment of speaking or that are temporary in nature. By understanding this distinction, one can more accurately use these two tenses in English.六、书面表达题(15分)Section VI: Written ExpressionDirections:Write a short essay in English based on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words.Topic:“The Importance of Lifelong Learning in Today’s Society”Sample Answer:In today’s rapidly evolving society, the concept of lifelong learning has gained immense significance. It is no longer a mere option but a necessity for individuals seeking personal growth, professional advancement, and adaptability to change. The importance of lifelong learning in today’s society can be underscored by several compelling reasons.Firstly, technological advancements are occurring at an unprecedented pace. New technologies and innovations emerge almost daily, reshaping industries and job requirements. By embracing lifelong learning, individuals can stay updated with these changes, ensuring they possess the relevant skills and knowledge to excel in their fields. This not only enhances their employability but also promotes creativity and problem-solving abilities.Secondly, lifelong learning fosters personal growth and self-improvement. It encourages individuals to explore new interests, hobbies, or even pursue academic qualifications beyond their formal education. This journey ofcontinuous discovery and learning leads to a richer, more fulfilling life as it expands one’s horizons and deepens their understanding of the world.Furthermore, in a globalized world, cultural diversity and intercultural communication are increasingly important. Lifelong learning enables individuals to appreciate different cultures, languages, and perspectives, thereby fostering a more inclusive and understanding society. It also equips them with the skills necessary for effective cross-cultural collaboration, which is crucial in today’s interconnected world.Lastly, lifelong learning promotes resilience and adaptability in the face of adversity. As life throws unexpected challenges and setbacks, those who possess a growth mindset and a commitment to learning can navigate these difficulties more effectively. They are better equipped to learn from their mistakes, adapt to new circumstances, and ultimately, emerge stronger.In conclusion, the importance of lifelong learning in today’s society cannot be overstated. It is a cornerstone of personal and professional development, cultural understanding, and resilience. By embracing this mindset, individuals can thrive in an ever-changing world, continuously growing and evolving along the way.Analysis:The sample answer begins by introducing the topic and highlighting the significance of lifelong learning in today’s society. It then proceeds to provide four main reasons supporting its importance: staying updated with。
北师大版九年级(下) 中考题同步试卷:1.5 测量物体的高度(03)
北师大版九年级(下)中考题同步试卷:1.5 测量物体的高度(03)一、选择题(共2小题)1.如图,为了测得电视塔的高度AB,在D处用高为1米的测角仪CD,测得电视塔顶端A 的仰角为30°,再向电视塔方向前进100米达到F处,又测得电视塔顶端A的仰角为60°,则这个电视塔的高度AB(单位:米)为()A.50B.51C.50+1D.1012.如图,某飞机在空中A处探测到它的正下方地平面上目标C,此时飞行高度AC=1200m,从飞机上看地平面指挥台B的俯角α=30°,则飞机A与指挥台B的距离为()A.1200m B.1200m C.1200m D.2400m二、填空题(共6小题)3.如图,从一个建筑物的A处测得对面楼BC的顶部B的仰角为32°,底部C的俯角为45°,观测点与楼的水平距离AD为31m,则楼BC的高度约为m(结果取整数).(参考数据:sin32°≈0.5,cos32°≈0.8,tan32°≈0.6)4.如图,小明在一块平地上测山高,先在B处测得山顶A的仰角为30°,然后向山脚直行100米到达C处,再测得山顶A的仰角为45°,那么山高AD为米(结果保留整数,测角仪忽略不计,≈1.414,,1.732)5.4月26日,2015黄河口(东营)国际马拉松比赛拉开帷幕,中央电视台体育频道用直升机航拍技术全程直播.如图,在直升机的镜头下,观测马拉松景观大道A处的俯角为30°,B处的俯角为45°.如果此时直升机镜头C处的高度CD为200米,点A、D、B在同一直线上,则AB两点的距离是米.6.如图,在数学活动课中,小敏为了测量校园内旗杆AB的高度.站在教学楼的C处测得旗杆底端B的俯角为45°,测得旗杆顶端A的仰角为30°.若旗杆与教学楼的距离为9m,则旗杆AB的高度是m(结果保留根号)7.如图,在A处看建筑物CD的顶端D的仰角为α,且tanα=0.7,向前行进3米到达B处,从B处看D的仰角为45°(图中各点均在同一平面内,A、B、C三点在同一条直线上,CD⊥AC),则建筑物CD的高度为米.8.如图,为了测量楼的高度,自楼的顶部A看地面上的一点B,俯角为30°,已知地面上的这点与楼的水平距离BC为30m,那么楼的高度AC为m(结果保留根号).三、解答题(共22小题)9.如图所示,某数学活动小组选定测量小河对岸大树BC的高度,他们在斜坡上D处测得大树顶端B的仰角是30°,朝大树方向下坡走6米到达坡底A处,在A处测得大树顶端B的仰角是48°,若坡角∠F AE=30°,求大树的高度(结果保留整数,参考数据:sin48°≈0.74,cos48°≈0.67,tan48°≈1.11,≈1.73)10.如图,某数学兴趣小组在活动课上测量学校旗杆的高度.已知小亮站着测量,眼睛与地面的距离(AB)是1.7米,看旗杆顶部E的仰角为30°;小敏蹲着测量,眼睛与地面的距离(CD)是0.7米,看旗杆顶部E的仰角为45°.两人相距5米且位于旗杆同侧(点B、D、F在同一直线上).(1)求小敏到旗杆的距离DF.(结果保留根号)(2)求旗杆EF的高度.(结果保留整数,参考数据:≈1.4,≈1.7)11.热气球的探测器显示,从热气球底部A处看一栋高楼顶部的俯角为30°,看这栋楼底部的俯角为60°,热气球A处于地面距离为420米,求这栋楼的高度.12.为了弘扬“社会主义核心价值观”,市政府在广场树立公益广告牌,如图所示,为固定广告牌,在两侧加固钢缆,已知钢缆底端D距广告牌立柱距离CD为3米,从D点测得广告牌顶端A点和底端B点的仰角分别是60°和45°.(1)求公益广告牌的高度AB;(2)求加固钢缆AD和BD的长.(注意:本题中的计算过程和结果均保留根号)13.如图,某中学九年级数学兴趣小组测量校内旗杆AB的高度,在C点测得旗杆顶端A 的仰角∠BCA=30°,向前走了20米到达D点,在D点测得旗杆顶端A的仰角∠BDA =60°,求旗杆AB的高度.(结果保留根号)14.如图,两幢建筑物AB和CD,AB⊥BD,CD⊥BD,AB=15m,CD=20m,AB和CD 之间有一景观池,小南在A点测得池中喷泉处E点的俯角为42°,在C点测得E点的俯角为45°(点B、E、D在同一直线上),求两幢建筑物之间的距离BD(结果精确到0.1m).(参考数据:sin42°≈0.67,cos42°≈0.74,tan42°≈0.90)15.小敏同学测量一建筑物CD的高度,她站在B处仰望楼顶C,测得仰角为30°,再往建筑物方向走30m,到达点F处测得楼顶C的仰角为45°(BFD在同一直线上).已知小敏的眼睛与地面距离为1.5m,求这栋建筑物CD的高度(参考数据:≈1.732,≈1.414.结果保留整数)16.如图是放在水平地面上的一把椅子的侧面图,椅子高为AC,椅面宽为BE,椅脚高为ED,且AC⊥BE,AC⊥CD,AC∥ED.从点A测得点D、E的俯角分别为64°和53°.已知ED=35cm,求椅子高AC约为多少?(参考数据:tan53°≈,sin53°≈,tan64°≈2,sin64°≈)17.如图,某建筑物BC顶部有一旗杆AB,且点A,B,C在同一条直线上,小红在D处观测旗杆顶部A的仰角为47°,观测旗杆底部B的仰角为42°已知点D到地面的距离DE 为1.56m,EC=21m,求旗杆AB的高度和建筑物BC的高度(结果保留小数后一位).参考数据:tan47°≈1.07,tan42°≈0.90.18.一数学兴趣小组为了测量河对岸树AB的高,在河岸边选择一点C,从C处测得树梢A 的仰角为45°,沿BC方向后退10米到点D,再次测得A的仰角为30°,求树高.(结果精确到0.1米,参考数据:≈1.414,≈1.732)19.如图,线段AB,CD表示甲、乙两幢居民楼的高,两楼间的距离BD是60米.某人站在A处测得C点的俯角为37°,D点的俯角为48°(人的身高忽略不计),求乙楼的高度CD.(参考数据:sin37°≈,tan37°≈,sin48°≈,tan48°≈)20.某水库大坝的横截面是如图所示的四边形ABCD,其中AB∥CD,大坝顶上有一瞭望台PC,PC正前方有两艘渔船M,N.观察员在瞭望台顶端P处观测到渔船M的俯角α为31°,渔船N的俯角β为45°.已知MN所在直线与PC所在直线垂直,垂足为E,且PE长为30米.(1)求两渔船M,N之间的距离(结果精确到1米);(2)已知坝高24米,坝长100米,背水坡AD的坡度i=1:0.25,为提高大坝防洪能力,请施工队将大坝的背水坡通过填筑土石方进行加固,坝底BA加宽后变为BH,加固后背水坡DH的坡度i=1:1.75,施工队施工10天后,为尽快完成加固任务,施工队增加了机械设备,工作效率提高到原来的2倍,结果比原计划提前20天完成加固任务,施工队原计划平均每天填筑土石方多少立方米?(参考数据:tan31°≈0.60,sin31°≈0.52)21.如图,观测点A、旗杆DE的底端D、某楼房CB的底端C三点在一条直线上,从点A 处测得楼顶端B的仰角为22°,此时点E恰好在AB上,从点D处测得楼顶端B的仰角为38.5°.已知旗杆DE的高度为12米,试求楼房CB的高度.(参考数据:sin22°≈0.37,cos22°≈0.93,tan22°≈0.40,sin38.5°≈0.62,cos38.5°≈0.78,tan38.5°≈0.80)22.在学习解直角三角形的相关知识后,九年级1班的全体同学带着自制的测倾仪随老师来到了操场上,准备分组测量该校旗杆的高度,其中一个小组的同学在活动过程中获得了一些数据,并以此画出了如图所示的示意图,已知该组同学的测倾仪支杆长1m,第一次在D处测得旗杆顶端A的仰角为60°,第二次向后退12m到达E处,又测得旗杆顶端A 的仰角为30°,求旗杆AB的高度.(结果保留根号)23.如图,大楼AN上悬挂一条幅AB,小颖在坡面D处测得条幅顶部A的仰角为30°,沿坡面向下走到坡脚E处,然后向大楼方向继续行走10米来到C处,测得条幅的底部B 的仰角为45°,此时小颖距大楼底端N处20米.已知坡面DE=20米,山坡的坡度i=1:(即tan∠DEM=1:),且D、M、E、C、N、B、A在同一平面内,E、C、N 在同一条直线上,求条幅的长度(结果精确到1米)(参考数据:≈1.73,≈1.41)24.如图,为测量某建筑物BC上旗杆AB的高度,小明在距离建筑物BC底部11.4米的点F处,测得视线与水平线夹角∠AED=60°,∠BED=45°.小明的观测点与地面的距离EF为1.6米.(1)求建筑物BC的高度;(2)求旗杆AB的高度(结果精确到0.1米).参考数据:≈1.41,≈1.73.25.小华为了测量楼房AB的高度,他从楼底的B处沿着斜坡向上行走20m,到达坡顶D处.已知斜坡的坡角为15°.(以下计算结果精确到0.1m)(1)求小华此时与地面的垂直距离CD的值;(2)小华的身高ED是1.6m,他站在坡顶看楼顶A处的仰角为45°,求楼房AB的高度.26.如图所示,小明家小区空地上有两棵笔直的树CD、EF.一天,他在A处测得树顶D 的仰角∠DAC=30°,在B处测得树顶F的仰角∠FBE=45°,线段BF恰好经过树顶D.已知A、B两处的距离为2米,两棵树之间的距离CE=3米,A、B、C、E四点在一条直线上,求树EF的高度.(≈1.7,≈1.4,结果保留一位小数)27.某水库大坝的横截面是如图所示的四边形ABCD,其中AB∥CD.瞭望台PC正前方水面上有两艘渔船M,N,观察员在瞭望台顶端P处观测渔船M的俯角α=31°,观测渔船N的俯角β=45°.已知MN所在直线与PC所在直线垂直,垂足为点E,PE长为30米.(1)求两渔船M,N之间的距离(结果精确到1米);(2)已知坝高24米,坝长100米,背水坡AD的坡度i=1:0.25.为提高大坝防洪能力,某施工队在大坝的背水坡填筑土石加固,加固后坝顶加宽3米,背水坡FH的坡度为i=1:1.5.施工12天后,为尽快完成加固任务,施工队增加了机械设备,工作效率提高到原来的1.5倍,结果比原计划提前20天完成加固任务.施工队原计划平均每天填筑土石方多少立方米?(参考数据:tan31°≈0.60,sin31°≈0.52)28.如图,在一个18米高的楼顶上有一信号塔DC,李明同学为了测量信号塔的高度,在地面的A处测的信号塔下端D的仰角为30°,然后他正对塔的方向前进了18米到达地面的B处,又测得信号塔顶端C的仰角为60°,CD⊥AB与点E,E、B、A在一条直线上.请你帮李明同学计算出信号塔CD的高度(结果保留整数,≈1.7,≈1.4 )29.如图,某景区有一出索道游览山谷的旅游点,已知索道两端距离AB为1300米,在山脚C点测得BC的距离为500米,∠ACB=90°,在C点观测山峰顶点A的仰角∠ACD =23.5°,求山峰顶点A到C点的水平面高度AD.(参考数据:sin23.5°≈0.40,cos23.5°=0.92,tan23.5°=0.43)30.如图,从热气球C上测得两建筑物A、B底部的俯角分别为30°和60度.如果这时气球的高度CD为90米.且点A、D、B在同一直线上,求建筑物A、B间的距离.北师大版九年级(下)中考题同步试卷:1.5 测量物体的高度(03)参考答案一、选择题(共2小题)1.C;2.D;二、填空题(共6小题)3.50;4.137;5.200+200;6.3+9;7.7;8.10;三、解答题(共22小题)9.;10.;11.;12.;13.;14.;15.;16.;17.;18.;19.;20.;21.;22.;23.;24.;25.;26.;27.;28.;29.;30.;第11页(共11页)。
2015年北京市中考数学试卷-含答案详解
2015年北京市高级中等学校招生考试-数学一、选择题(本大题共10小题,共30.0分。
在每小题列出的选项中,选出符合题目的一项)1. 截止到2015年6月1日,北京市已建成34个地下调蓄设施,蓄水能力达到140000立方米,将140000用科学记数法表示应为( )A. 14×104B. 1.4×105C. 1.4×106D. 0.14×1062. 实数a,b,c,d在数轴上的对应点的位置如图所示,这四个数中,绝对值最大的是( )A. aB. bC. cD. d3. 一个不透明的盒子中装有3个红球、2个黄球和1个绿球,这些球除了颜色外无其他差别.从中随机摸出一个小球,恰好是黄球的概率为( )A. 16B. 13C. 12D. 234. 剪纸是我国传统的民间艺术.下列剪纸作品中,是轴对称图形的为( )A. B. C. D.5. 如下图,直线l1,l2,l3交于一点,直线l4//l1,若∠1=124°,∠2=88°,则∠3的度数为 ( )A. 26°B. 36°C. 46°D. 56°6. 如图,公路AC,BC互相垂直,公路AB的中点M与点C被湖隔开,若测得AM的长为1.2km,则M,C两点间的距离为( )A. 0.5kmB. 0.6kmC. 0.9kmD. 1.2km7. 某市6月份日平均气温统计如图所示,则在日平均气温这组数据中,众数和中位数分别是( )A. 21,21B. 21,21.5C. 21,22D. 22,228. 下图是利用平面直角坐标系画出的故宫博物院的主要建筑分布图,若这个坐标系分别以正东、正北方向为x轴、y轴的正方向,表示太和门的点的坐标为(0,−1),表示九龙壁的点的坐标为(4,1),则表示下列宫殿的点的坐标正确的是( )A. 景仁宫(4,2)B. 养心殿(−2,3)C. 保和殿(1,0)D. 武英殿(−3.5,−4)9. 一家游泳馆的游泳收费标准为30元/次,若购买会员年卡,可享受如下优惠:会员年卡类型办卡费用(元)每次游泳收费(元)A类5025B类20020C类40015例如,购买A类会员年卡,一年内游泳20次,消费50+25×20=550元.若一年内在该游泳馆游泳的次数介于45∼55次之间,则最省钱的方式为( )A. 购买A类会员年卡B. 购买B类会员年卡C. 购买C类会员年卡D. 不购买会员年卡10. 一个寻宝游戏的寻宝通道如图1所示,通道由在同一平面内的AB,BC,CA,OA,OB,OC组成.为记录寻宝者的行进路线,在BC的中点M处放置了一台定位仪器.设寻宝者行进的时间为x,寻宝者与定位仪器之间的距离为y,若寻宝者匀速行进,且表示y与x的函数关系的图象大致如图2所示,则寻宝者的行进路线可能为( )A. A→O→BB. B→A→CC. B→O→CD. C→B→O二、填空题(本大题共6小题,共18.0分)11. 分解因式:5x3−10x2+5x=.12. 下图是由射线AB,BC,CD,DE,EA组成的平面图形,则∠1+∠2+∠3+∠4+∠5= .13. 《九章算术》是中国传统数学最重要的著作,奠定了中国传统数学的基本框架.它的代数成就主要包括开方术、正负术和方程术.其中,方程术是《九章算术》最高的数学成就.《九章算术》中记载:“今有牛五、羊二,直金十两;牛二、羊五,直金八两.问:牛、羊各直金几何”译文:“假设有5头牛、2只羊,值金10两;2头牛、5只羊,值金8两.问:每头牛、每只羊各值金多少两”设每头牛值金x两,每只羊值金y两,可列方程组为.14. 关于x的一元二次方程ax2+bx+1=0有两个相等的实数根,写出一组满足条件的实数4a,b的值:a=,b=.15. 北京市2009−2014年轨道交通日均客运量统计如图所示.根据统计图中提供的信息,预估2015年北京市轨道交通日均客运量约万人次,你的预估理由是.16. 阅读下面材料:在数学课上,老师提出如下问题:小芸的作法如下:如图,(1)分别以点A 和点B 为圆心,大于12AB 的长为半径作弧,两弧相交于C ,D 两点; (2)作直线CD .所以直线CD 就是所求作的垂直平分线. 老师说:“小芸的作法正确.”请回答:小芸的作图依据是 .三、计算题(本大题共6小题,共36.0分)17. 计算:(12)−2−(π−√7)0+|√3−2|+4sin60°.18. 已知2a 2+3a −6=0,求代数式3a(2a +1)−(2a +1)(2a −1)的值.19. 解不等式组{4(x +1)≤7x +10x −5<x−83,并写出它的所有非负整数解. 20. 在▱ABCD 中,过点D 作DE ⊥AB 于点E ,点F 在边CD 上,DF =BE ,连接AF ,BF .(1)求证:四边形BFDE 是矩形;(2)若CF =3,BF =4,DF =5,求证:AF 平分∠DAB .21. 在正方形ABCD 中,BD 是一条对角线.点P 在射线CD 上(与点C ,D 不重合),连结AP ,平移△ADP ,使点D 移动到点C ,得到△BCQ ,过点Q 作QH ⊥BD 于点H ,连结AH ,PH .图1 备用图 (1)若点P 在线段CD 上,如图1.①依题意补全图1;②判断AH与PH的数量关系与位置关系并加以证明;(2)若点P在线段CD的延长线上,且∠AHQ=152°,正方形ABCD的边长为1,请写出求DP长的思路.(可以不写出计算结果)22. 在平面直角坐标系xOy中,⊙C的半径为r,P是与圆心C不重合的点,点P关于⊙C的“反称点”的定义如下:若在射线CP上存在一点P′,满足CP+CP′=2r,则称P′为点P关于⊙C的“反称点”.下图为点P及其关于⊙C的反称点P′的示意图.特别地,当点P′与圆心C重合时,规定CP′=0.(1)当⊙O的半径为1时,,0),T(1,√3)关于⊙O的反称点是否存在.若存在,求其坐标;①分别判断点M(2,1),N(32②点P在直线y=−x+2上,若点P关于⊙O的反称点P′存在,且点P′不在x轴上,求点P的横坐标的取值范围;(2)⊙C的圆心在x轴上,半径为1,直线y=−√3x+2√3与x轴、y轴分别交于点A,B.若线3段AB上存在点P,使得点P关于⊙C的反称点P′在⊙C的内部,求圆心C的横坐标的取值范围.四、解答题(本大题共7小题,共56.0分。
2015年数学中考精选:北师大九年级下册解答题(含答案)要点
2015年数学中考精选:北师大九年级下册解答题一•解答题(共16小题)1•计算:丄二亠「一丄- •一•丄上「•2•计算:■:sin45 +tan45° 2cos603. ( 2015?可北模拟)已知△ ABC 中的/ A 与/ B 满足(1 - tanA) 2+|sinB -…'|=02(1)试判断△ ABC的形状.2 }___ o(2 )求(1+sinA ) — 2 J m 7 —( 3+ta nC ) 的值.4. (2015?长宁区一模)如图,A、B两地之间有一座山,汽车原来从A地到B地须经C地沿折现A - C- 现开通隧道后,汽车直接沿直线AB行驶•已知AC=120千米,/ A=30°,/ B=135,则隧道开通后,汽车从B地比原来少走多少千米?(结果保留根号). B行驶,A地到5. (2015?崇明县一模)如图,在 Rt △ ABC 中,/ C=90° 点 D 是 BC 边上的一点,CD=6 , cos / ADC=」,tanB=2 .5 36.( 2015?宝山区一模)已知一个二次函数的图象经过点 表达式以及该抛物线的顶点坐标.A (1, 0)和点B ( 0 , 6),C (4 , 6),求这个抛物线的7.( 2015?普陀区一模)如图,已知二次函数的图象与 称轴为直线x=2,求二次函数解析式并写岀图象最低点坐标.(1 )求AC 和AB 的长; (2)求 sin / BAD 的值. x 轴交于点A (1, 0)和点B ,2 2 、 b. 严8. (2015?广东模拟)(1)已知一元二次方程ax +bx+c=O (b - 4ac>0 的根分别为x i, X2,求证:x i+x2=- ',x l?X2=;2 2 2(2)已知抛物线y=ax +bx+c的顶点坐标为(1, - 9),它与x轴有两个交点为A ( x l, 0), B (X2, 0),且x i +x2 =20 , 求a、b、c的值.2 29. ( 2014?南京)已知二次函数y=x - 2mx+m +3 ( m是常数).(1)求证:不论m为何值,该函数的图象与x轴没有公共点;(2)把该函数的图象沿y轴向下平移多少个单位长度后,得到的函数的图象与x轴只有一个公共点?10. ( 2014秋?官渡区期末)如图,用一段长为40米的篱笆围成一个一边靠墙的矩形菜园,墙长为22 米.(1)设矩形菜园的宽为x米,面积为y平方米,请写岀y与x之间的函数关系式;(2 )当这个矩形的长、宽各为多少时,菜园的面积最大?最大面积是多少?20元,调查发现当销售价为24元时,11 . ( 2015?本溪模拟)某机械公司经销一种零件,已知这种零件的成本为每件平均每天能售出32件,而当销售价每上涨2元,平均每天就少售出4件.(1 )若公司每天的现售价为x元时则每天销售量为多少?12.( 2014 秋?大城县期末)商场销售一批衬衫,每天可售出 20 件,每件可盈利 40 元.为了扩大销售,减少库存,决定采取适当的降价措施,经调查发现,如果一件衬衫每降价 1 元,每天可多售出 2 件. (1 )设每件降价 x 元,每天盈利 y 元,写出 y 与 x 之间的函数关系式.(2)若商场每天要盈利 1200 元,每件衬衫降价幅度不能超过 18 元,那么每件衬衫应降价多少元? (3)每件衬衫降价多少元时,商场每天的盈利能达到最大,盈利最大是多少元?213. ( 2014秋?江都市期末)如图,抛物线 y=ax +bx+c 与x 轴交于A 、B 两点,交y 轴于点C ,且A (- 3, 0), C (0,- 3),(2)如果物价部门规定这种零件的销售价不得高于每件 当为多少元?28 元,该公司想要每天获得 150 元的销售利润,销售价应对称轴为直线x= - 1 .( 1 )求抛物线的函数关系式.(2)若点P是抛物线上的一点(不与点C重合),△ PAB与厶ABC的面积相等,求点P的坐标.14. (2015?广东模拟)如图,AB是O O的直径,弦CD丄AB,垂足为E,如果AB=10 , CD=8,求tan/OCE的值.15. (2014秋?南昌期末)如图,边长为4cm的等边三角形于点C,O O与AC相交于E.求:(1)CE的长;(2)阴影部分的面积.ABC与O O等高(即高与直径相等),0 O与BC相切16. ( 2015?吉林模拟)如图,O O的直径AB与弦CD互相垂直,垂足为点交于点F,E, BF II CD, BF与弦AD的延长线相且AD=3 , cos/ BCD=_2.4(1)求证:BF是O O的切线;(2 )求。
初中生物中考(北师大版)考点15神经系统与神经调节(解析版)
初中生物中考考点15神经系统与神经调节考点总结人体神经系统的组成1. 神经元是神经系统结构和功能的基本单位2. 神经系统包括中枢神经系统和周围神经系统(1)中枢神经系统:包括脑和脊髓,是生命活动的调节中心。
能够接收和处理神经传来的各种信息,并决定和启动相应的反应。
①脑:包括大脑、小脑和脑干三部分。
组成功能具有调节生命活动的各种神经中枢,如躯体感觉中枢、听觉中枢、视觉中大脑枢、语言中枢等小脑维持躯体平衡、调节肌肉紧张度和协调躯体运动脑干具有调节心跳、呼吸、血压等人体基本生命活动的神经中枢特别提醒:大脑半球的表层称为大脑皮层,主要由神经元的细胞体构成。
人体所有的感觉都是在大脑皮层形成的,如疼痛、冷、热等,其中语言中枢是人类所特有的。
②脊髓a.组成:包括灰质和白质两部分。
b.主要功能:反射功能:具有控制多种生命活动的低级中枢(简单反射的中枢)。
如排尿、排便中枢、缩手、眨眼、膝跳反射中枢传导功能:具有许多上行和下行神经纤维与脑联系(2)周围神经系统①组成:由脑和脊髓发出的脑神经和脊神经组成。
②功能:主要完成中枢神经系统与机体其他各部分的神经联系,把全身各处的神经冲动传至脊髓和脑的是感觉神经,又称为传入神经纤维;把神经冲动从脊髓和脑传至全身各处的是运动神经,又称传出神经纤维。
神经调节的基本方式1. 反射(1)概念:人或动物通过神经系统对内、外刺激所发生的有规律的反应,如膝跳反射、缩手反射等。
(2)人体神经调节的基本方式是反射。
2. 反射弧(1)概念:人或动物从开始接受刺激到发生反应的全部神经传导途径,称为反射弧。
(2)实现反射的结构基础是反射弧。
(3)神经冲动传导的途径:感受器(感受刺激产生神经冲动)→传入神经纤维(信号的接收和传导)→神经中枢(信息处理)→传出神经纤维(传递神经冲动)→效应器(接收神经冲动并作出反应)。
3. 反射分为非条件反射和条件反射两种类型特别提醒:人类对语言、文字的含义建立的条件反射是人类特有的条件反射,如谈梅止渴。
2022-2023学年北师大版中考专题数学中考真卷(含解析)
2022-2023学年初中中考专题数学中考真卷学校:____________ 班级:____________ 姓名:____________ 考号:____________考试总分:150 分 考试时间: 120 分钟注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息; 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;卷I (选择题)一、 选择题 (本题共计 10 小题 ,每题 4 分 ,共计40分 )1. 的倒数是( )A.B.C.D.2. 如图是某个几何体的展开图,该几何体是( )A.正方体B.圆锥C.圆柱D.三棱柱3. 人类的遗传物质是,是一个很长的链,最短的号染色体也长达个核苷酸,用科学记数法表示为( )A.B.C.D.−5−15155−5DNA DNA 2230000000300000003×10730×1060.3×1070.3×1084. 某校七年级班名同学在“森林草原防灭火知识竞赛中的成绩如表所示:成绩人数则这个班学生成绩的众数、中位数分别是( )A.,B.,C.,D.,5. 如图,直线,, ,则的度数是( )A.B.C.D.6. 下列运算正确的是( )A.B.C.D.7. 中国标准动车组“复兴号”是世界上商业运营时速最高的动车组列车,达到世界先进水平,安全、舒适、快速是它的显著优点.从安阳东站到北京西站的距离是千米,乘坐复兴号动车组列车将比乘坐特快列车节省小时分钟,已知复兴号动车组的平均速度比特快列车快千米小时,设复兴号动车组的平均速度为千米小时,根据题意可列方程( )A.B.150607080901003913169908016851624.59085AB//CD ∠B =40∘∠C =50∘∠E 90∘80∘70∘100∘(ab =)2a 2b 2+=a 2a 2a 4(=a 2)3a 5⋅=a 2a 3a 651626100/x /−=2.6516x −100516x −=2516x −100516x 110=51651621C.D.8. 下列命题中,正确的是( )A.有两边和一角对应相等的两个三角形全等B.有一边和两角对应相等的两个三角形全等C.有三个角对应相等的两个三角形全等D.以上答案都不对9. 如图所示,用棋子构成的图案,第个图案由一枚棋子组成,第个图案由枚棋子组成,第个图案由枚棋子组成,……,依此规律,第个图案中棋子的数量是( )A.B.C.D.10. 已知函数,其中,,此函数的图象可以是( )A.B.−=516x 516x +1002110−=2516x 516x −10011012531310121145181221y=−+bx +c x 2b >0c <0C. D.卷II (非选择题)二、 填空题 (本题共计 5 小题 ,每题 4 分 ,共计20分 )11. 函数中的取值范围是________.12. 已知,是一元二次方程的两根,则________.14. 如果一次函数________=________与反比例函数________.15. 如图,在平面直角坐标系中,已知,以点为圆心的圆与轴相切.点、在轴上,且.点为上的动点,,则长度的最大值为________.三、 解答题 (本题共计 10 小题 ,每题 9 分 ,共计90分 )y =3x −1xx x 1x 22−4x −1=0x 2+=x 21x 2x 1x 222+3C(3,4)C y A B x OA =OB P ⊙C ∠APB =90∘AB sin −++|−2019|16. 计算:. 17. “元宵节”是我国的传统佳节,民间历来有吃“汤圆”的习俗.我市某食品厂为了解市民对去年销量较好的山楂馅、豆沙馅、黑芝麻馅、水果馅(以下分别用,,,表示)这四种不同口味汤圆的喜爱情况,在节前对某居民区市民进行了抽样调查,并将调查情况绘制成如图所示的两幅统计图(都不完整)._________, ________;将条形统计图补充完整;扇形统计图中所对扇形圆心角的度数为________;若有外型完全相同的,,,四种口味的汤圆各一个,煮熟后,小明吃了两个.用列表或画树状图的方法,求他第二个吃到的恰好是口味汤圆的概率. 18. 在网格中建立如图所示的平面直角坐标系,是格点三角形(顶点是网格线的交点).画出绕点逆时针方向旋转得到的;画出向下平移个单位长度得到的.19. 如图,河的两岸与相互平行,,是上的两点,,是上的两点,某人在点处测得,,再沿方向前进米到达点(点在线段上),测得,求河的宽度.20. 如图,已知中,.6sin −++|−2019|60∘12−−√()1203–√A B C D (1)m =n =(2)C (3)A B C D C 10×10△ABC (1)△ABC O 90∘△A 1B 1C 1(2)△A 1B 1C 14△A 2B 2C 2l 1l 2A B l 1C D l 2A ∠CAB=90∘∠DAB=30∘AB 60E E AB ∠DEB=60∘Rt △ABC ∠C =90∘请按如下要求完成尺规作图(不写作法,保留作图痕迹)①作的角平分线,交于点;②作线段的垂直平分线与相交于点;③以点为圆心,以长为半径画圆,交边于点.在()的条件下,求证:是的切线:若,求的半径.21. 如图,是的直径,是的弦,如果.求的度数;若,求的长. 22. 在六一儿童节到来之际,某校特举行书画大赛活动,准备购买甲、乙两种文具作为奖 阔品,奖励在活动中获得优秀的同学.已知购买个甲种文具、个乙种文具共需花费元,购买个甲种文具、个乙种文具共需花费元.问:购买一个甲种文具、一个乙种文具各需多少元?若学校计划购买这两种文具共个,投人资金不少于元又不多于元,设购买甲种文具一个,则有多少种购买方案?设学校投入资金元,在的条件下,哪种购买方案需要的资金最少?最少是多少元? 23. 喝绿茶前需要烧水和泡茶两个工序,即需要将电热水壶中的水烧到,然后停止烧水,等水温降低到适合的温度时再泡茶,烧水时水温与时间成一次函数关系;停止加热过了分钟后,水壶中水的温度与时间近似于反比例函数关系(如图).已知水壶中水的初始温度是,降温过程中水温不低于.(1)分别求出图中所对应的函数关系式,并且写出自变量的取值范围;(2)从水壶中的水烧开降到就可以进行泡制绿茶,问从水烧开到泡茶需要等待多长时间?(1)∠BAC AD BC D AD EF AB O O OD AB M (2)1BC ⊙O (3)AM =4BM,AC =10⊙O AB ⊙O CD ⊙O ∠ACD =30∘(1)∠BAD (2)AD =3–√DB 23453150(1)(2)1009951050(3)W (2)100C ∘y(C)∘x(min)1y (C)∘x(min)20C ∘20C ∘x (100C)∘80C ∘24. 在平面直角坐标系中,直线与轴交于点,与轴交于点,抛物线经过点,.求该抛物线的解析式及顶点坐标;在抛物线上是否存在点,使的面积为,若存在,请求出符合条件的所有点的坐标,若不存在,请说明理由. 25. 如图,在矩形中,,,如果点由点出发沿方向向点匀速运动,同时点由点出发沿方向向点匀速运动,它们的速度分别为每秒和,若,且分别交,于点,,设运动时间为().连接,,若四边形为平行四边形,求的值;连接,设的面积为,求与的函数关系式;若与相似,请直接写出的值.y =x +2x A y B y =−+x 2bx +c A B (1)(2)P △PAB 1P ABCD AB =6cm BC =8cm E B BC C F D DA A 2cm/s 1cm/s FQ ⊥BC FQ AC BC P Q t s (0<t <4)(1)EF DQ EQDF t (2)EP △EPC ycm 2y t (3)△EPQ △ADC t参考答案与试题解析2022-2023学年初中中考专题数学中考真卷一、 选择题 (本题共计 10 小题 ,每题 4 分 ,共计40分 )1.【答案】A【考点】倒数【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解:的倒数为.故选.2.【答案】B【考点】几何体的展开图【解析】由圆锥的展开图特点断得出即可.【解答】解:因为圆锥的展开图为一个扇形和一个圆形,故这个几何体是圆锥.故选.3.【答案】A−5−15A B【考点】科学记数法--表示较大的数【解析】先确定出和的值,然后再用科学记数法的性质表示即可.【解答】=.4.【答案】D【考点】众数中位数【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解:分的有人,人数最多,故众数为分;处于中间位置的数为第、两个数,为和,∴中位数为分.故选.5.【答案】A【考点】平行线的性质三角形内角和定理【解析】利用平行线的性质和三角形的内角和定理计算即可【解答】解:如图,a n 300000003×10790169025268090=8580+902D∵,∴,∵,,∴.故选.6.【答案】A【考点】同底数幂的乘法积的乘方及其应用幂的乘方及其应用合并同类项【解析】根据积的乘方,等于各个因式乘方后的积;合并同类项法则;同底数幂相乘,底数不变,指数相加;幂的乘方,底数不变,指数相乘;对各选项分析判断即可得出结论.【解答】解:选项,积的乘方:,故正确;选项,合并同类项:,故错误;选项,幂的乘方:,故错误;选项,同底数幂相乘:,故错误.故选.7.【答案】B【考点】由实际问题抽象出分式方程【解析】设“复兴号”动车组的平均速度为千米时,则特快列车的平均速度为千米时,根据提速后乘坐复兴号动车组列车将比乘坐特快列车节省小时分钟,列出方程即可.AB//CD ∠1=∠B =50∘∠E +∠1+∠C =180∘∠C =40∘∠E =−−=180∘50∘40∘90∘A A (ab =)2a 2b 2B +=a 2a 22a 2C (=a 2)3a 6D ⋅=a 2a 3a 5A x /(x −100)/26【解答】解:设“复兴号”动车组的平均速度为千米时,则特快列车的平均速度为千米时,根据题意得:.故选.8.【答案】B【考点】命题与定理【解析】根据全等三角形的判定定理进行分析解答.【解答】解:、错误,没有的全等三角形的判定方法;、正确,即为或的判定方法;、错误,三角相等的两个三角形相似,但不一定全等;、错误.故选.9.【答案】C【考点】规律型:图形的变化类【解析】本题主要考查图形的变化规律.【解答】解:第个:,第个:,第个:,第个:,……第个:.故选.10.【答案】x /(x −100)/−=2516x −100516x 110B A ASS B AAS ASACD B 11=+120225=+2212313=+3222425=+423210+=18110292CD【考点】二次函数图象与几何变换二次函数图象与系数的关系【解析】根据已知条件“、、”判断出该函数图象的开口方向、与和轴的交点、对称轴所在的位置,然后据此来判断它的图象.【解答】解:∵,,∴该函数图象的开口向下,对称轴是.,图象与轴的交点在轴的负半轴上.故选.二、 填空题 (本题共计 5 小题 ,每题 4 分 ,共计20分 )11.【答案】【考点】函数自变量的取值范围【解析】根据分母不能为零,列出不等式可得答案.【解答】由题意,得.12.【答案】【考点】根与系数的关系【解析】a <0b >0c <0x y a=−1<0b >0x =−>0b 2a ∵c <0∴y y D x ≠0x ≠0x ≠0−1根据根与系数的关系即可求出答案.【解答】解:由题意可知:, ,∴原式.故答案为:.13.【答案】【考点】黄金分割【解析】根据黄金比值是列式计算即可.【解答】∵点是线段的黄金分割点,,∴=(55),14.【答案】,,有交点,那么的取值范围是【考点】反比例函数与一次函数的综合【解析】由于一次函数=与反比例函数有交点,则可知方程有实数根,将方程变形为=,利用判别式即可求出的取值范围.【解答】∵一次函数=与反比例函数有交点,∴方程有实数根,整理,得=,∴=,+=2x 1x 2=−x 1x 212=(+)x 1x 2x 1x 2=−×212=−1−155C AB AC >BC ACAB cm y x y =(k ≠0)k x k k ≥−98y 2x +3y =(k ≠0)k x 2x +3=k x 2+3x −k x 20△≥0k y 2x +3y =(k ≠0)k x2x +3=k x 2+3x −k x 20△9+8k ≥0≥−9解得.15.【答案】【考点】圆周角定理点的坐标【解析】连接并延长,交上一点,以为圆心,以为半径作,交轴于、,此时的长度最大,根据勾股定理和题意求得=,则的最大长度为.【解答】解:连接并延长,交上一点,以为圆心,以为半径作,交轴于、,此时的长度最大,如图,∵,∴,∵以点为圆心的圆与轴相切.∴的半径为,∴,∵是直径,∴,∴长度的最大值为.故答案为:.三、 解答题 (本题共计 10 小题 ,每题 9 分 ,共计90分 )16.【答案】解:.k ≥−9816OC ⊙C P O OP ⊙O x A B AB OP 8AB 16OC ⊙C P O OP ⊙O x A B AB C(3,4)OC ==5+3242−−−−−−√C y ⊙C 3OP =OA =OB =5+3=8AB ∠APB =90∘AB 16166sin −++|−2019|60∘12−−√()123–√=6×−2+1+2019−3–√23–√3–√=3−2+1+2019−3–√3–√3–√=2020绝对值特殊角的三角函数值零指数幂、负整数指数幂二次根式的应用【解析】先计算零指数幂、代入三角函数值、化简二次根式、取绝对值符号,再计算乘法,最后计算加减可得.【解答】解:.17.【答案】解: ∵的频数是,频率是,调查总数是(人),∴的频率是:, 即,的频率是:,即,的频数是:.故答案为:;.条形统计图补充如图所示:画出树状图如下图:∵共有种等可能的情况,其中第二个吃到的是的有种,∴(第二个吃到的恰好是口味汤圆).【考点】6sin −++|−2019|60∘12−−√()1203–√=6×−2+1+2019−3–√23–√3–√=3−2+1+2019−3–√3–√3–√=2020(1)D 24040%∴240÷40%=600A 180÷600=0.3m =30C 1−40%−30%−10%=20%n =20∴C 600×20%=120302072∘(3)12C 3P C ==31214条形统计图列表法与树状图法【解析】先根据解: 的频数是,频率是,求出调查总数是(人),即可求出的频率,的频率,再求出的频数是 :,补全条形统计图即可;用乘以所占百分比即可;画出树状图,再找出总共可能情况有种,其中第二个吃到的是的有种,即可求出概率.【解答】解: ∵的频数是,频率是,调查总数是(人),∴的频率是:, 即,的频率是:,即,的频数是:.故答案为:;.条形统计图补充如图所示:. 故所对扇形圆心角度数为.故答案为:.画出树状图如下图:∵共有种等可能的情况,其中第二个吃到的是的有种,∴(第二个吃到的恰好是口味汤圆).18.【答案】解:如图,即为所求.(1)D 24040%240÷40%=600A C C 600×20%=120(2)360∘C 12C 3(1)D 24040%∴240÷40%=600A 180÷600=0.3m =30C 1−40%−30%−10%=20%n =20∴C 600×20%=1203020(2)×20%=360∘72∘C 72∘72∘(3)12C 3P C ==31214(1)△A 1B 1C 1如图,即为所求.【考点】作图-旋转变换作图-平移变换【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解:如图,即为所求.如图,即为所求.(2)△A 2B 2C 2(1)△A 1B 1C 1(2)△A 2B 2C 219.【答案】解:由题意可得,,,,,米,,∴,解得,米,即河的宽度是米.【考点】解直角三角形的应用【解析】根据题意中的数据和锐角三角函数可以解答本题.【解答】解:由题意可得,,,,,米,,∴,解得,米,即河的宽度是米.20.【答案】解:()如图所示,tan ∠DAB =DB AB tan ∠DEB =DB BE ∠CAB=90∘∠DAB=30∘AE =60∠DEB =60∘−=60DB tan 30∘DB tan 60∘DB =303–√303–√tan ∠DAB =DB AB tan ∠DEB =DB BE ∠CAB=90∘∠DAB=30∘AE =60∠DEB =60∘−=60DB tan 30∘DB tan 60∘DB =303–√303–√1①以为圆心,以任意长度为半径画弧,与、相交,再以两个交点为圆心,以大于两点之间距离的一半为半径画弧相交于内部一点,将点与它连接并延长,与交于点,则为的平分线;②分别以点、点为圆心,以大于长度为半径画圆,将两圆交点连接,则为的垂直平分线,与交于点;③如图,与交于点;(2)证明:∵是的垂直平分线,且点在上,∴,∴,∵是的平分线,∴,∴,∴,∵,∴,故是的切线.(3)根据题意可知,∴∴,由()可知与有公共角,∴,∴,即,解得,故的半径为.【考点】作图—基本作图勾股定理角平分线的性质【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解:()如图所示,A AC AB ∠BAC A BCD AD ∠BAC A D AD 12EF AD EF AB O ⊙O AB M EF AD O AD OA =OD ∠OAD =∠ODA AD ∠BAC ∠OAD =∠CAD ∠ODA =∠CAD OD//AC AC ⊥BC OD ⊥BC BC ⊙O OM =OA =OD =AM,M =4BM =4BM 12OM =2BM,BO =3MM,AB =5BM,==BO AB 3BM 5BM 352Rt △BOD Rt △BAC ∠B Rt △BOD ∼Rt △BAC =DO CA BO BA =DO 1035DO =6⊙O 61①以为圆心,以任意长度为半径画弧,与、相交,再以两个交点为圆心,以大于两点之间距离的一半为半径画弧相交于内部一点,将点与它连接并延长,与交于点,则为的平分线;②分别以点、点为圆心,以大于长度为半径画圆,将两圆交点连接,则为的垂直平分线,与交于点;③如图,与交于点;(2)证明:∵是的垂直平分线,且点在上,∴,∴,∵是的平分线,∴,∴,∴,∵,∴,故是的切线.(3)根据题意可知,∴∴,由()可知与有公共角,∴,∴,即,解得,故的半径为.21.【答案】解:是的直径,.,∴.在中,,,.【考点】圆周角定理锐角三角函数的定义A AC AB ∠BAC A BC D AD ∠BAC A D AD 12EF AD EF AB O ⊙O AB M EF AD O AD OA =OD ∠OAD =∠ODA AD ∠BAC ∠OAD =∠CAD ∠ODA =∠CAD OD//AC AC ⊥BC OD ⊥BC BC ⊙O OM =OA =OD =AM,M =4BM =4BM 12OM =2BM,BO =3MM,AB =5BM,==BO AB 3BM 5BM 352Rt △BOD Rt △BAC ∠B Rt △BOD ∼Rt △BAC =DO CA BO BA =DO 1035DO =6⊙O 6(1)AB ⊙O ∴∠ADB =90∘∵∠B =∠ACD =30∘∠BAD =−∠B =90∘60∘(2)Rt △ADB ∵AD =3–√∠BAD =60∘∴BD =AD ⋅tan =360∘【解析】根据圆周角定理得到,然后利用互余可计算出的度数;(2)利用含度的直角三角形三边的关系求解.【解答】解:是的直径,.,∴.在中,,,.22.【答案】解:设购买一个甲种文具元,一个乙种文具元,由题意得:解得答:购买一个甲种文具元,一个乙种文具元.根据题意列不等式:,解得,由于是整数,∴,,,,,,∴有种购买方案..,∴随的增大而增大,的取值为当时,最小,(元),.答:购买甲种文具个,乙种文具个时需要的资金最少,最少资金是元.【考点】一次函数的应用一元一次不等式组的应用由实际问题抽象出二元一次方程组【解析】设购买一个甲种文具元,一个乙种文具元,根据“购买个甲种文具、个乙种文具共需花费元;购买个甲种文具、个乙种文具共需花费元”列方程组解答即可;根据题意列出不等式组求解即可;求出与的函数关系式,根据一次函数的性质解答即可.【解答】(1)∴ADB =∠B =∠ACD =90∘30∘2BAD 30(1)AB ⊙O ∴∠ADB =90∘∵∠B =∠ACD =30∘∠BAD =−∠B =90∘60∘(2)Rt △ADB ∵AD =3–√∠BAD =60∘∴BD =AD ⋅tan =360∘(1)a b {2a +3b =45,3a +b =50,{a =15,b =5.155(2)995≤15x +5(100−x)≤105049.5≤x ≤55x x =5051525354556(3)W =15x +5(100−x)=10x +500∵10>0W x x 50,51,52,53,54,55,x =50W =10×50+500=1000W min ∴100−50=5050501000(1)a b 23453150(2)(3)W x (1)b解:设购买一个甲种文具元,一个乙种文具元,由题意得:解得答:购买一个甲种文具元,一个乙种文具元.根据题意列不等式:,解得,由于是整数,∴,,,,,,∴有种购买方案..,∴随的增大而增大,的取值为当时,最小,(元),.答:购买甲种文具个,乙种文具个时需要的资金最少,最少资金是元.23.【答案】停止加热时,设,由题意得:,解得:=,∴,当=时,解得:=,∴点坐标为,∴点坐标为,当加热烧水时,设=,由题意得:=,解得:=,∴当加热烧水,函数关系式为=;当停止加热,得与的函数关系式 为(1)=;;把=代入,得=,因此从烧水开到泡茶需要等待分钟.【考点】反比例函数的应用【解析】(1)将点的坐标代入反比例函数的一般形式利用待定系数法确定反比例函数的解析式,然后求得点和点的坐标,从而用待定系数法确定一次函数的解析式;(2)将=代入反比例函数的解析式,从而求得答案.【解答】(1)a b {2a +3b =45,3a +b =50,{a =15,b =5.155(2)995≤15x +5(100−x)≤105049.5≤x ≤55x x =5051525354556(3)W =15x +5(100−x)=10x +500∵10>0W x x 50,51,52,53,54,55,x =50W =10×50+500=1000W min ∴100−50=5050501000y =k x 50=k 18k 900y =900x y 100x 9C (9,100)B (8,100)y ax +201008a +20a 10y 10x +20(0≤x ≤8)y x y 100(8<x ≤9)y =(9<x ≤45)900xy 80y =900x x 11.253.25D C B y 80=k停止加热时,设,由题意得:,解得:=,∴,当=时,解得:=,∴点坐标为,∴点坐标为,当加热烧水时,设=,由题意得:=,解得:=,∴当加热烧水,函数关系式为=;当停止加热,得与的函数关系式 为(1)=;;把=代入,得=,因此从烧水开到泡茶需要等待分钟.24.【答案】解:由题意,得.经过点、∴,解得∴抛物线解析式为,顶点存在.如图设点的坐标为过点作轴交直线于点,则,∴∴.∵,∴当时,解得,∴当时,解得,此时的坐标为综上所述,点的坐标为【考点】二次函数综合题【解析】此题暂无解析【解答】解:由题意,得.经过点、∴,解得y =k x 50=k 18k 900y =900x y 100x 9C (9,100)B (8,100)y ax +201008a +20a 10y 10x +20(0≤x ≤8)y x y 100(8<x ≤9)y =(9<x ≤45)900x y 80y =900x x 11.253.25(1)A (−2,0),B (0,2)y =−+bx +c x 2A B{c =2−4−2b +c =0{c =2b =−1y =−−x +2x 2(−,)1294(2)P (t,−−t +2)t 2P PE ⊥x AB E E (t,t +2)PE =|−−t +2−(t +2)|=|−−2t|t 2t 2=PE ⋅|−|=|−−2t|⋅2=|+2t|S △PAB 12x A x B 12t 2t 2=1S △PAB |+2t|=1t 2+2t =−1t 2t =−1P (−1,2)+2t =1t 2=−1,=−−1t 12–√t 22–√P (−1,)(−−1,−)2–√2–√2–√2–√P (−1,2),(−1,),(−−1,−)P 22–√2–√P 32–√2–√(1)A (−2,0),B (0,2)y =−+bx +c x 2A B{c =2−4−2b +c =0{c =2b =−1−,)19∴抛物线解析式为,顶点存在.如图设点的坐标为过点作轴交直线于点,则,∴∴.∵,∴当时,解得,∴当时,解得,此时的坐标为综上所述,点的坐标为25.【答案】解:在矩形中,∵,,∴,,.∴由勾股定理得 .∵,.∴四边形是矩形.∴,.∴后,,.∴.∵四边形为平行四边形,∴,即,解得.∴四边形为平行四边形时,的值为.∵,∴,∴,∴,即,∴,∵,∴.分两种情况讨论,①若点在左边,当时,可得,即,解得 ;当时,可得,即,解得.②若点在右边,y =−−x +2x 2(−,)1294(2)P P PE ⊥x AB E E (t,t +2)PE =|−−t +2−(t +2)|=|−−2t|t 2t 2=PE ⋅|−|=|−−2t|⋅2=|+2t|S △PAB 12x A x B 12t 2t 2=1S △PAB |+2t|=1t 2+2t =−1t 2t =−1P (−1,2)+2t =1t 2=−1,=−−1t 12–√t 22–√P (−1,)(−−1,−)2–√2–√2–√2–√P (−1,2),(−1,),(−−1,−)P 22–√2–√P 32–√2–√(1)ABCD AB =6cm BC =8cm CD =AB =6cm AD =BC =8cm ∠BAD =∠ADC =∠DCB =∠B =90∘AC =10cm FQ ⊥BC ∴∠FQC =90∘CDFQ DF =QC FQ =DC =6cm ts BE =2tcm QC =DF =t cm EQ =BC −BE −QC =(8−3t)cm EQDF FD =EQ t =8−3t t =2EQDF t 2(2)∠FQC =∠B =90∘PQ//AB △CPQ ∼△CAB =PQ AB QC BC =PQ 6t 8PQ =t cm 34=EC ⋅PQ S △EPC 12y =×(8−2t)×t 1234=−+3t =−(t −2+334t 234)2(3)E FQ △EPQ ∼△ACD =PQ CD EQ AD =t 3468−3t 8t =2△EPQ ∼△CAD =PQ AD EQ CD =t 3488−3t 6t =12857E FQ △EPQ ∼△ACD当时,可得 ,即,解得(舍去);当时,可得 , 即,解得 ,综上所述,若与相似,的值为, 或.【考点】矩形的性质勾股定理平行四边形的性质相似三角形综合题相似三角形的性质与判定【解析】本题考查相似三角形的判定和性质、等腰三角形的性质、二次函数的性质、矩形的性质等.(2)构建二次函数,利用二次函数的性质解决最值问题.【解答】解:在矩形中,∵,,∴,,.∴由勾股定理得 .∵,.∴四边形是矩形.∴,.∴后,,.∴.∵四边形为平行四边形,∴,即,解得.∴四边形为平行四边形时,的值为.∵,∴,∴,∴,即,∴,∵,△EPQ ∼△ACD =PQ CD EQ AD =t 3463t −88t =4△EPQ ∼△CAD =PQ AD EQ CD =t 3483t −86t =12839△EPQ △ADC t 2s s 12857s 12839(1)ABCD AB =6cm BC =8cm CD =AB =6cm AD =BC =8cm ∠BAD =∠ADC =∠DCB =∠B =90∘AC =10cm FQ ⊥BC ∴∠FQC =90∘CDFQ DF =QC FQ =DC =6cm ts BE =2tcm QC =DF =t cm EQ =BC −BE −QC =(8−3t)cm EQDF FD =EQ t =8−3t t =2EQDF t 2(2)∠FQC =∠B =90∘PQ//AB △CPQ ∼△CAB =PQ AB QC BC =PQ 6t 8PQ =t cm 34=EC ⋅PQ S △EPC 12=×(8−2t)×t 13−+3t =−(t −2+333∴.分两种情况讨论,①若点在左边,当时,可得,即,解得 ;当时,可得,即,解得.②若点在右边,当时,可得 ,即,解得(舍去);当时,可得 , 即,解得 ,综上所述,若与相似,的值为, 或.y =×(8−2t)×t 1234=−+3t =−(t −2+334t 234)2(3)E FQ △EPQ ∼△ACD =PQ CD EQ AD =t3468−3t 8t =2△EPQ ∼△CAD=PQ AD EQ CD =t3488−3t 6t =12857E FQ △EPQ ∼△ACD =PQ CD EQ AD =t3463t −88t =4△EPQ ∼△CAD =PQ AD EQ CD =t3483t−86t =12839△EPQ △ADC t 2s s 12857s 12839。
专题15利用相似三角形测高(3个知识点2种题型1种中考考法)(原卷版)-初中数学北师大版9年级上册
整自己的位置,设法使斜边 DF 保持水平,并且边 DE 与点 B 在同一直线上,已知纸板的两条边 DE=8cm,
DF=10cm,测得边 DF 离地面的高度 AC=1.5m,CD=8m,则树高 AB=
m.
【变式】如图,小明欲测量一座古塔的高度,他拿出一根竹杆竖直插在地面上,然后自己退后,使眼睛通
过竹杆的顶端刚好看到塔顶,若小明眼睛离地面1.6m ,竹杆顶端离地面 2.4m ,小明到竹杆的距离 DF 2m , 竹杆到塔底的距离 DB 33m ,求这座古塔的高度.
【学习目标】
1. 掌握几种测量物体高度的方法与原理,能综合运用相似三角形的判定定理和相似三角形的定义解决问题。 2. 通过设计测量旗杆高度的方案,学会将实物图形抽象成几何图形的方法,体会将实际问题转化成数学模 型的转化思想。
【知识导图】
【倍速学习四种方法】
【方法一】脉络梳理法
知识点 1.利用阳光下的影子测量旗杆的高度(重点)
为12m , CF 为1.8m , CF 为 3.84m ,求树高. 【变式 1】(2022 秋·九年级课时练习)每年的秋冬季节,青竹湖湘一外国语学校的银杏大道是学校最为靓丽
的一条风景线,数学彭老师有一天为了测量一棵高不可攀的银杏树高度,他利用了反射定律,利用一面镜 子和皮尺,设计如图所示的测量方案:把镜子放在离银杏树 (AB)8 m 的点 E 处,然后观测者沿着直线 BE 后 退到点 D ,这时恰好在镜子里看到树梢顶点 A ,再用皮尺量得 DE 2 m,观测者目高 CD 1.75 m,则树高 AB 约是多少米?
2.(2022 秋·九年级课时练习)如图,在斜坡的顶部有一铁塔 AB,B 是 CD 的中点,CD 是水平的,在阳光的 照射下,塔影 DE 留在坡面上.若铁塔底座宽 CD=12m,塔影长 DE 18 m,小明和小华的身高都是 1.6m,同 一时刻小明站在点 E 处,影子在坡面上,小华站在平地上,影子也在平地上,两人的影长分别为 2m 和 1m,
北师大版九年级数学下册--大庆市2015年中考数学试题word版含答案
2015年大庆市初中升学统一考试数学试题考生注意:1.考生须将自己的姓名、准考证号填写到试卷和答题卡规定的位置。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
3.非选择题用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答,在试题卷上作答无效。
4.考试时间120分钟。
5.全卷共28小题,总分120分。
一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分.在每小题所给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项的序号填涂在答题卡上) 1.sin60°=( )A .21B .22 C .1 D .23 2.将0.00007用科学记数法表示为( )A .7×10-6B .70×10-5C .7×10-5D .0.7×10-63.a 2的算术平方根一定是( )A .aB .||aC .aD .-a4.正n 边形每个内角的大小都为108°,则n =( )A .5B .6C .7D .85.某品牌自行车1月份销售量为100辆,每辆车售价相同.2月份的销售量比1月份增加10%,每辆车的售价比1月份降低了80元,2月份与1月份的销售总额相同,则1月份的售价为( )A .880元B .800元C .720元D .1080元6.在⊙O 中,圆心O 到弦AB 的距离为AB 长度的一半,则弦AB 所对圆心角的大小为()A .30°B .45°C .60°D .90° 7.以下图形中对称轴的数量小于3的是( )A .B .C .D .8.某射击小组有20人,教练根据他们某次射击的数据绘制成如图所示的统计图,则这组数据的众数和中位数分别是( )A .7,7B .8,7.5C .7,7.5D .8,69.已知二次函数c x a y +-=2)2(,当x =x 1时,函数值为y 1;当x =x 2时,函数值为y 2,若|2||2|21->-x x ,则下列表达式正确的是( )A .021>+y yB .021>-y yC .0)(21>-y y aD .0)(21>+y y a10.已知点A (-2,0),B 为直线x =-1上一个动点,P 为直线AB 与双曲线xy 1=的交点,且AP =2AB ,则满足条件的点P 的个数是( )A .0个B .1个C .2个D .3个二、填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分,不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上) 11.函数xy 1=的自变量x 的取值范围是____________. 12.已知31=y x ,则yy x -的值为________. 13.底面直径和高都是1的圆柱侧面积为________.14.边长为1的正三角形的内切圆半径为________.15.用一个平面去截一个几何体,截面形状为三角形,则这个几何体可能为:①正方体;②圆柱;③圆锥;④正三棱柱____________.(写出所有正确结果的序号). 16.方程)5(2)5(32-=-x x 的根是____________. 17.若52=na,162=n b ,则=n ab )(________.18.在Rt △ABC 中,∠C =90°,AC =BC =1.将其放入平面直角坐标系,使A 点与原点重合,AB 在x 轴上,△ABC 沿x 轴顺时针无滑动的滚动,点A 再次落在x 轴时停止滚动,则点A 经过的路线与x 轴围成图形的面积为____________.三、解答题(本大题共10小题,共66分.请在答题卡指定区域内作答,解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)19.(本题4分)求值:20152)1()21(25.0-++20.(本题4分)解关于x 的不等式ax -x -2>0. 21.(本题5分)已知实数a ,b 是方程012=--x x 的两根,求b aa b +的值. 22.(本题6分)已知一组数据621,,,x x x Λ的平均数为1,方差为35 (1)求:262221x x x +++Λ(2)若在这组数据中加入另一个数据x 7,重新计算,平均数无变化,求这7个数据的方差(结果用分数表示). 23.(本题7分)某商场举行开业酬宾活动,设立了两个可以自由转动的转盘(如图所示,两个转盘均被等分).并规定:顾客购买满188元的商品,即可任选一个转盘转动一次,转盘停止后,指针所指区域内容即为优惠方式;若指针所指区域空白,则无优惠.已知小张在该商场消费300元.(1)若他选择转动转盘1,则他能得到优惠的概率为多少?(2)选择转动转盘1和转盘2,哪种方式对于小张更合算,请通过计算加以说明.24.(本题7分)小敏同学想测量一建筑物CD 的高度,她站在B 处仰望楼顶C ,测得仰角为30°,再往建筑物方向走30m ,到达点F 处测得楼顶C 的仰角为45°(BFD 在同一直线上).已知小敏的眼睛与地面距离为1.5m ,求这栋建筑物CD 的高度(参考数据:732.13≈,414.12≈.结果保留整数).25.(本题7分)如图,在△ABC 中,∠ACB =90°,D 、E 分别是BC 、BA 的中点,连接DE 并延长至F ,使AF =AE .(1)证明:四边形ACEF 是平行四边形; (2)若四边形ACEF 是菱形,求∠B 的度数.26.(本题8分)如图,一次函数y =kx +b 的图象与反比例函数xy 7-=的图象交于A (-1,m )、B (n ,-1)两点.(1)求一次函数的解析式; (2)求△AOB 的面积.27.(本题9分)如图,四边形ABCD 内接于⊙O ,AD ∥BC ,P 为BD 上一点,∠APB =∠BAD . (1)证明:AB =CD ;(2)证明:BC AD BD DP ⋅=⋅;(3)证明:BC AD AB BD ⋅+=22.28.(本题9分)已知二次函数42-+=bx x y 的图象与y 轴的交点为C ,与x 轴正半轴的交点为A .且41tan =∠ACO . (1)求二次函数的解析式;(2)P 为二次函数图象的顶点,Q 为其对称轴上的一点,QC 平分∠PQO ,求Q 点坐标;(3)是否存在实数)(2121x x x x <、,当21x x x ≤≤时,y 的取值范围为121212x y x ≤≤.若存在,直接写出x 1,x 2的值;若不存在,说明理由.。
北京西城15中高一下期中试卷 北师大版 数学word含解析
北京西城15中高一下期中试卷北师大版数学word含解析D选项,a b >,c d a c b d >⇒->-,如1a =,1b =-,1c =-,4d =-,a c b d -<-,故D 错误. 综上所述,故选C . 4.关于x 的不等式253x x x-->的解集是( ).A .{|5x x ≥或1}x -≤B .{|5x x >或1}x <-C .{}15x x -<<D .{}15x x -≤≤ 【答案】B 【解析】不等式2253450(1)(5)01x x x x x x x x -->⇔-->⇔+->⇔<或5x >,∴不等式25x x x-->的解集是{|5x x >或1}x <-,故选B .5.在ABC △中,2a =,3b =,60C =︒,则ABCS =△( ).A .23B 3C 3D .32【答案】D 【解析】1133sin 23222ABC S ab C ==⨯=△,故选D .6.不在326x y +<表示的平面区域内的一个点是( ). A .(0,0) B .(1,1) C .(0,2) D .(2,0) 【答案】D【解析】A 选项,当0x =,0y =时,3206x y +=<,故(0,0)在326x y +<表示的平面区域内,A 错误;B选项,当1x =,1y =时,3256x y +=<,故(1,1)在326x y +<表示的平面区内,故B 错误;C选项,当0x =,2y =时,3246x y +=<,故(0,2)在326x y +<表示的平面区域内,故C 错误;D选项,当2x =,0y =时,3266x y +==,故(2,0)不在326x y +<表示的平面区域内,故D 正确. 综上所述,故选D . 7.已知数列{}na 中,11a =,13n n aa +=+,若2008na=,则n =( ).A .667B .668C .669D .670 【答案】D【解析】∵数列{}na 中,11a =,13n n aa +=+,∴数列{}na 是以1为首项,3为公差的等差数列,∴32nan =-,∵2008na=,∴322008n -=,解得670n =.故选D .8.若不等式220ax bx ++>的解集是1123x x ⎧⎫-<<⎨⎬⎩⎭,则a b +的值为( ).A .10-B .14-C .10D .14 【答案】B【解析】因为不等式220ax bx ++>的解集是1123x x ⎧⎫-<<⎨⎬⎩⎭,所以12-,13是方程220axbx ++=的两根, 由韦达定理可知:1123b a -=-+,21123a =-⨯,解得:12a =-,2b =-,所以14a b +=-,故选B .9.若将20,50,100都分别加上同一个常数,所得三个数依原顺序成等比数列,则此等比数列的公比是( ).A .12 B .32 C .43 D .53【答案】D【解析】设加的常数为x ,得的三个数分别为20x +,50x +,100x+,∵所得三个数依原顺序成等比数列, ∴2(50)(20)(100)x x x +=++,解得25x =,∴所得新的等比数列是45,75,125,则此等比数列的公比为755453=.故选D . 10.已知102x <<,则1(12)2y x x =-取最大值时x 的值是( ).A .13B .14C .12D .23【答案】B 【解析】211(12)22y x x x=⨯-=-+,对称轴为110,42x ⎛⎫=∈ ⎪⎝⎭,且函数图象开口向下,∴当1(12)2y x x =-取最大值时14x =.故选B . 11.已知a,b +∈R 且111a b+=,则a b +的最小值为( ).A .2B .8C .4D .1 【答案】C 【解析】∵a,b +∈R ,111a b+=,∴11()2224b a a b a b a b a b a b b a ⎛⎫+=++=+++⋅ ⎪⎝⎭≥,当且仅当2a b ==时,等号成立.∴a b +的最小值为4. 故选C .12.等比数列{}na 中,已知对任意自然数n ,12321n n a a a a ++++=-,则2222123naa a a ++++等于( ).A .2(21)n - B .1(21)3n- C .41n - D .1(41)3n-【答案】D 【解析】∵12321n n a a a a ++++=-,∴{}2na 是以1为首项,4为公比的等比数列,∴222121(14)1(41)143n nnaa a ⨯-+++==--.故选D .13.某人朝正东方向走x 千米后,向右转150︒并走3千米,3x 的值为( ). A 3 B .23 C 323 D .3 【答案】C 【解析】如图,AB x =,3BC =,3AC 30ABC ∠=︒, 由余弦定理得:223923cos30x x =+-⨯⨯︒,解得23x =3x =C.14.对于任意实数x ,不等式2(2)2(2)40a xa x ----<恒成立,则a的取值范围是( ).A .(),2-∞B .(],2-∞C .()2,2-D .(]2,2- 【答案】D【解析】当20a -=时,即2a =时,不等式为40-<恒成立,故2a =符合题意; 当20a -≠时,即2a ≠时,不等式2(2)2(2)40a x a x ----<恒成立,则:2204(2)16(2)0a a a -<⎧⎨∆=-+-<⎩,解得22a -<-.综上所述,a 的取值范围是(2,2]-,故选D . 15.已知21x y +=,则24xy+的最小值为( ).A .8B .6C .22D .32 【答案】A【解析】∵2x,4y均大于0,∴22242242222222xyx y x y x y ++⋅⋅≥.故选C .16.给出平面区域如图所示,其中(1,1)A ,(2,5)B ,(4,3)C ,若使目标函数(0)Z ax y a =->取得最大值的最优解有无穷多个,则a 的值是( ).A .23B .1C .4D .32【答案】A【解析】依题意可得,目标函数z ax y =-在可行域的边界上取得最大值.因为0a >,所以根据图形可知目标函数在AC所在直线上取得最大值,所以312413AC a k -===-,故选A .17.在一幢10米高的楼顶测得对面一塔顶的仰角为60︒,塔基的俯角为45︒,那么这座塔的高是( ). A .3101⎛+ ⎝⎭B .(1013C .(562D .262【答案】B 【解析】根据题意,设楼高10AB =米,塔高为CE ,60EAD ∠=︒,45DAC ∠=︒,则10AD CD AB ===米,∴tan60103DE AD =︒=,1010310(13)CE CD DE =+=+.故选B .18.下列结论正确的是( ).A .当0x >且1x ≠时,1lg 2lg x x+≥ B .当x >时,2x xC .当2x ≥时,1x x+的最小值为2 D .当02x <≤时,1x x-无最大值【答案】B 【解析】A项,当01x <<时,lg 0x <,所以1lg 0lg x x+<,故A 项错误;B项,当0x >122x x xx⋅,故B 项正确;C 项,当2x ≥时,12x x x+>≥,所以其最小值不可能为2,故C项错误;D项,当02x <≤时,易知1x x-单调递增,所以当2x =时,1x x-有最大值32,故D 项错误. 综上所述,故选B .19.某厂生产甲、乙两种产品,产量分别为45个、50个,所用原料为A 、B 两种规格的金属板,每张面积分别为22m 、23m ,用A 种金属板可造甲产品3个,乙产品5个,用B种金属板可造甲、乙产品各6个,则A 、B 两种金属板各取多少张时,能完成计划并能使总用料面积最省?( ).A .A 用3张,B 用6张 B .A 用4张,B 用5张C .A 用2张,B 用6张D .A 用3张,B 用5张 【答案】A【解析】设A ,B 两种金属板各取x ,y 张,则满足的约束条件为:364556500,0x y x y x y +⎧⎪+⎨⎪⎩≥≥≥≥,总用料面积函数23z x y =+, 在点525,24⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,目标函数取得最小值,即当A 、B 两种金属板各取3,6张时,能完成计划并使总用料面积最省,故选A .20.某车间分批生产某种产品,每批的生产准备费用为800元.若每批生产x件,则平均仓储时间为8x 天,且每件产品每天的仓储费用为1元.为使平均每件产品的生产准备费用与仓储费用之和最小,每批应生产产品( ).A .60件B .80件C .100件D .120件 【答案】B【解析】每件产品的生产准备费用与仓储费用之和为8008002088x xx x +⨯≥,当且仅当8008xx =,即80x =时,取得最小值.故选B .二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分)21.在ABC △中,若sin :sin :sin 7:8:13A B C =,则角C =__________. 【答案】120︒【解析】在ABC △中,::sin :sin :sin 7:8:13a b c A B C == , 设7a k =,8b k =,13c k =,根据余弦定理有2221cos 22a b c C ab +-==-,故120C =︒.22.设x ,y 是满足24x y +=的正数,则lg lg x y +的最大值是__________. 【答案】lg 2【解析】∵x ,y 满足24x y +=的正数, ∴2422x y xy+=≥2xy ≤,∴lg lg lg lg2x y xy +=≤,故lg lg x y +的最大值是lg 2. 23.不等式2(2)(3)0x x -->的解集是__________. 【答案】(,3)(3,2)-∞-【解析】原不等式可转化为(2)(3)(3)0x x x -<,利用数轴表根法可得:3x <-32x <, 故不等式2(2)(3)0x x -->的解集是(,3)(3,2)-∞-.24.不等式102x x +-≥的解集为__________.【答案】(,1](2,)-∞-+∞【解析】102x x +-≥等价于(1)(2)0x x +-≥且20x -≠,解得1x -≤或2x >, 故不等式102x x +-≥的解集为(,1](2,)-∞-+∞.25.数列{}na 的前n 项和为21()nS n n =+∈N *,则它的通项公式是__________. 【答案】2,121,2n n a n n =⎧=⎨-⎩≥【解析】由题意可知:当1n =时,112a S ==, 当2n ≥时,21nSn =+,21(1)1n Sn -=-+,经验证1a 不满足21na n =-, 故{}n a 的通项公式是:2,121,2n n a n n =⎧=⎨-⎩≥.26.在公差不为0的等差数列{}na 中,1a ,3a ,4a 成等比数列,则该等比数列的公比__________. 【答案】12【解析】设公差为d ,则2111(2)(3)a d a a d +=+,27.已知数列{}n a 满足11a =,11ln 1n n a a n +⎛⎫=++ ⎪⎝⎭,则数列{}na 的通项公式为__________. 【答案】1ln nan=+【解析】∵11ln 1n n a a n +⎛⎫=++ ⎪⎝⎭,∴{}ln na n -是常数列, 又∵1n =时1ln11a -=,故1ln nan=+.28.锐角ABC △中,角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为a 、b 、c ,若2C A=,则c a的取值范围是__________.【答案】(2,3)【解析】锐角ABC △中角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别是a ,b ,c,2C A =,∴π022A <<,且π3π2A <<,由正弦定理可得sin 22cos sin c A A a A==, 故c a的取值范围是(2,3).29.已知x >,y >,且211x y+=,若222x y mm+>+恒成立,则实数m 的取值范围是__________. 【答案】(4,2)- 【解析】∵x >,y >,211x y+=,∵222x y m m +>+恒成立, ∴228mm +<,解得:42m -<<,故实数m 的取值范围是(4,2)-. 30.设x ,y 满足条件00231237x y x y x y >⎧⎪>⎪⎨+⎪⎪+⎩≤≤;求2z x y =+的最大值__________. 【答案】407【解析】满足约束条件的平面区域如图所示,当97x =,227y =时,2z x y=+的最大值为407.三、解答题(本大题共4小题,每小题10分,共40分)31.在三角形ABC 中,A ∠、B ∠、C ∠的对边分别为a 、b 、c ,若cos (2)cos b C a c B =-. (I )求B ∠的大小.(II )若7b =,4a c +=,求ABC △的面积. 【答案】【解析】(1)由已知条件及正弦定理可得: ∵在三角形ABC 中,sin()sin 0B C A +=≠,32.某人承揽一项业务,需做文字标牌4个,绘画标牌5个,现有两种规格的原料,甲种规格每张23m ,可做文字标牌1个,绘画标牌2个,乙种规格每张22m ,可做文字标牌2个,绘画标牌1个,求两种规格的原料各用多少张,才能使总的用料面积最小? 【答案】【解析】设需要甲种原料x 张,乙种原料y 张,则可做文字标牌(2)x y +个,绘画标牌(2)x y +个, 由题意可得:252400x y x y x y +⎧⎪+⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩≥≥≥≥,所用原料的总面积为32z x y =+.作出可行域如图:在一组平行直线32x y t +=中,进过可行域内的点且到原点最近的直线,过直线25x y +=和直线24x y +=的交点(2,1), ∴最优解为2x =,1y =.故使用甲种规格原料2张,乙种规格原料1张,可使总的用料面积最小,最小用料面积为28m .33.某工厂要建造一个无盖长方体水池,底面一边长固定为8m ,最大装水量为372m ,池底和池壁的造价分别为2a 元/2m 、a 元/2m ,怎样设计水池底的另一边长和水池的高,才能使水池的总造价最低?最低造价是多少? 【答案】【解析】设池底的另一边长为x ,水池的高为y ,则池底的造价为16ax ,池壁的造价为216axy ay +. 水池的造价为:16()2a x y axy ++. ∵水池的最大装水量为72, ∴872xy =,即9xy =,当且仅当3x y ==时,等号成立,故将水池底的另一边和长方形高都设计为3m 时,总造价最低,最低造价为114a .34.在等差数列{}n a 中,11a =,前n 项和n S 满足条件24nnS S =,1n =,2,,(1)求数列{}na 的通项公式和nS .(2)记12n nn ba -=⋅,求数列{}nb 的前n 项和nT .【答案】【解析】(1)设等数列{}na 的公差为d ,由24nnS S =得:2114a a a +=,所以23a=,212d a a =-=,∴{}na 是以1为首项,2为公差的等差数列, 故21na n =-,2nSn =.(2)由12n nnb a -=⋅,得1(21)2n nb n -=-⋅,所以122113252(23)2(21)2n n nT n n --=+⋅+⋅++-⋅+-⋅,① ②-①得:1211222222(21)2n nnT n -=--⨯-⨯-⨯+-⋅故(23)23nnT n =-⋅+.。
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中考真题:早期中华文化
(2015·湖北宜昌市)2.2011年3月底,中国国家博物馆新馆开馆,世界现存最大的青铜
器、“中华第一鼎”正式移驻该馆。
“中华第一鼎”指的是( )
A .后母戊鼎
B .毛公鼎
C .大盂铜鼎
D .商朝虎耳铜鼎
(2015·山东临沂市)1.图1是中国人民银行于2015
年2月发行的生肖纪念币,该生肖(属相)动物与人类
生活的关系非常密切。
下列历史文物中着力体现该动物
形象的是( )
A .司母戊鼎
B .四羊方尊
C .虎耳铜鼎
D .青铜立人像
(2015·贵州黔西南)2.我国有文字可考的历史是从哪个朝代开始的( )
A .夏朝
B .商朝
C .西周
D .秦朝
(2015·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)2.文字是一种文化的载体,文字的出现是社会进入文明阶段的重要标志之一。
我国有文字可考的历史开始于( )
A .夏朝
B .商朝
C .西周
D .春秋
(2015·黑龙江大庆市)1.2015年是我国农历乙未年(羊年),从字形推测下列甲骨文哪个是“羊”字( )
图1
A B C D。