考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷18(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷18(题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 2. Reading Comprehension
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
Immigrant Students in Their Studies on Made and Female Differences When it comes to schooling, the Herrera boys are no match for the Herrera girls. Last week, four years after she arrived from Honduras, Martha, 20, graduated from Fairfax High school in Los Angeles. She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken. Her sister, Marlin, 22, attends a local community college and will soon be a certified nurse assistant. The brothers are a different story. Oscar, 17, was expelled two years ago from Fairfax for carrying a knife and later dropped out of a different school. The youngest, Jonathan, 15, is now in a juvenile boot camp after running into trouble with the law. “The boys get sidetracked more,”says the kids’ mother, Suyapa Landaverde. “The girls are more confident.”This is no aberration. Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys, according to the preliminary findings of a just completed, five-year study of immigrant children—the largest of its kind, including Latino, Chinese and Haitian kids—by Marcelo and Carola Suarez Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Though that trend holds for U. S.-born kids as well, the reasons for the discrepancy among immigrants are different. The study found that immigrant girls are more adept at straddling cultures than boys. “The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of (their native) culture”because they’re kept closer to the hearth, says Marcelo Suarez Orozco, “while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture “by helping their parents navigate it. Consider the kids’experiences in school. The study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt American youth culture—the dress, the slang, the disdain for education. They’re disciplined more often and, as a result, develop more adversarial relationships with teachers—and the wider society. They may also face more debilitating prejudices. One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “ cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive”and “really macho”and of the girls as “pure sweetness”. Gender shapes immigrant kids’experiences outside school as well. Often hailing from traditional cultures, the girls face greater domestic obligations. They also frequently act as “ cultural ambassadors”, translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world, says Carola Suarez Orozco. An unintended consequence: “The girls get foisted into a responsible role more than the boys do.” Take Christina Im, 18, a junior
at Fairfax who arrived from South Korea four years ago. She ranks ninth in a class of 400 students and still finds time to fix dinner for the family and work on Saturdays at her mother’s clothing shop. Her brother? “He plays computer games,”says Im. The Harvard study bears a cautionary note: If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically—and to be clear, plenty perform phenomenally —they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass. Oscar Herrera, Martha’s dropout brother, may be realizing that. “I’m thinking of returning ot school,”he recently told his mother. He ought to look to his sisters for guidance.
1．In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by______.
A．posing a contrast
B．justifying an assumption
C．making a comparison
D．explaining a phenomenon
正确答案：C
解析：论证方式题。

作者以马撒的兄弟姐妹为例，意在指出男孩和女孩在学业方面的不同表现，从而引出论题。

知识模块：阅读
2．The statement “they also frequently act as ‘cultural ambassadors’” (Line 4~5, Para. 4) implies that______.
A．they work as a translator for their parents
B．they help their parents have a better understanding of the foreign culture
C．they encourage their parents to go into the outside world
D．their parents help them realize their dream of becoming an ambassador
正确答案：B
解析：语义分析题。

从第二段“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture”by helping their parents navigate it．我们知道这些移民孩子的父母对新文化的理解、把握和适应还得益于孩子的帮助。

原文对应信息是：“They also frequently act as‘cultural ambassadors’，translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world”从这句话我们可以看出“cultural ambassadors”的含义。

知识模块：阅读
3．Immigrant boys do not fare well in the outside world because of the following reasons, EXCEPT that______.
A．American youth culture has a bad influence on the boys
B．people have prejudice against them
C．their sense of responsibility is not as strong as that of the girls
D．they do not get well along with the teachers and the outside world
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。

选项[B]在文中的对应信息是第三段的“They may also
face more debilitating prejudices．”选项[C]在文中的对应信息是第四段的“the girls face greater domestic obligations”；选项[D]在文中对应的信息是第三段的“They’re disciplined more often and，as a result，develop more adversarial relationships with teachers--and the wider society．”只有选项[A]不正确，它的意思与文中对应的信息有出入，原文对应信息是第三段的“The study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt American youth culture—the dress，the slang，the disdain for education．”知识模块：阅读
4．Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco have eventually found in their study that______.
A．the immigrant boys should not be allowed to go into the outside world
B．the immigrant boys have no judgment about the youth culture
C．the immigrant girls do a better job than the immigrant boys
D．the immigrant boys should be severely disciplined
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。

文中第一段以对比手段入手，在第二段开头就引出了文章的论题。

原文对应信息是“Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys，according to the preliminary findings of a just—completed，five-year study．．．by Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education．”知识模块：阅读
5．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．All the dropouts should receive good education.
B．Many immigrant boys are likely to fall into trouble in the future.
C．Schooling education has been neglected.
D．More attention should be paid to the immigrant children.
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。

原文对应信息是“If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically--and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally —they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass．”知识模块：阅读
The University Makes Use of Knowledge to Obtain Economic Interest Nobody ever went into academia to make a fast buck. Professors, especially those in medical-and technology-related fields, typically earn a fraction of what their colleagues in industry do. But suddenly, big money is starting to flow into the ivory tower, as university administrators wake up to the commercial potential of academic research. And the institutions are wrestling with a whole new set of issues. The profits are impressive: The Association of University Technology Managers surveyed 132 universities and found that they earned a combined $ 576 million from patent royalties in 1998, a number that promises to keep rising dramatically. Schools like Columbia University in New York have aggressively marketed their inventions to corporations, particularly pharmaceutical and high-tech companies. Now
Columbia is going retail—on the Web. It plans to go beyond the typical “dot. edu”model, free sites listing courses and professors’research interests. Instead, it will offer the expertise of its faculty on a new for-profit site which will be spun off as an independent company. The site will provide free access to educational and research content, say administrators, as well as advanced features that are already available to Columbia students, such as a simulation of the construction and architecture of a French cathedral and interactive 3-D models of organic chemicals. Free pages will feed into profit-generating areas, such as online courses and seminars, and related books and tapes. Columbia executive vice provost Michael Crow imagines “millions of visitors” to the new site, including retirees and students willing to pay to tap into this educational resource. “We can offer the best of what’s thought and written and researched,” says Ann Kirschner, who heads the project. Columbia also is anxious not be aced out by some of the other for-profit “knowledge sites”, such as About, com and Hungry Minds. “If they capture this space,” says Crow, “they’ll begin to cherry-pick our best faculty. “Profits from the sale of patents typically have been divided between the researcher, the department and the uniyersity, and Web profits would work the same way, so many faculty members are delighted. But others find the trend worrisome: is a professor who stands to profit from his or her research as credible as one who doesn’t? Will universities provide more support to researchers working in profitable fields than to scholars toiling in more musty areas? “If there’s the perception that we might be making money from our efforts, the authority of the university could be diminished,”worries Herve Varenne, a cultural anthropology professor at Columbia’s education school. Says Kirschner: “We would never compromise the integrity of the university. “Whether the new site can add to the growing profits from patents remains to be seen, but one thing is clear. It’s going to take the best minds on campus to find a new balance between profit and purity.
6．In the past, if you want to make fast money, you should work in______.
A．academia
B．ivory tower
C．company
D．medical field
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。

文中第一段提到，过去人们要挣大钱就不会去学术界，因为他们的收入只是在企业工作的同行的一小部分。

所以，要赚钱就去公司。

知识模块：阅读
7．The word “aggressively” (Line 8, para. 2)most probably means______.
A．harmfully
B．carelessly
C．desperately
D．boldly
正确答案：D
解析：语义分析题。

文中第二段讲到，现在学校的收入很可观，而且具有很强的增长势头。

一些学校已大胆地把发明卖给了公司。

因为这种做法还没有成为一种潮流，所以是大胆的。

知识模块：阅读
8．According to the text, the traditional feature of the Web of Columbia is______.
A．offering free access to the advanced features that are available to Columbia’s students
B．free page will feed into profit-producing page
C．providing the expertise of the teachers on the profit site
D．offering free sites listing courses and professors’ research interests
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。

文章第三段讲到，哥伦比亚大学正在通过互联网进行零售。

它计划超越典型的网站免费列出课程和教授们研究兴趣的“．edu”模式，这说明传统的特征是[D]选项。

其他都是网站的新计划。

知识模块：阅读
9．Besides the delight of most people for the profit, some______.
A．worry that the professors are not reliable
B．think this tendency may be terrible
C．hope the university to give more support to researchers who work for profit D．show mercy to the scholars toiling in the musty area
正确答案：B
解析：事实细节题。

文章第四段提到，很多人对这种利润很满意，另外一些人则对这种趋势深感忧虑。

他们担扰的是．一位从自己研究中获利的教授和不从研究中获益的教授是否同样可信呢?大学会为从事可赢利领域的研究者提供比从事冷门研究者更多支持?所以[B]正确。

其他都是对忧虑的错误理解。

知识模块：阅读
10．The author uses the words of the professor Herve Varenne and Kirschner to show ______.
A．if the faculties all try to make money the university will have no authority
B．the new site may not add to the growing profits
C．there exist some problems behind the profit
D．new balance between profit and purity will be the best opinion
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。

文中第五段提到两个人的话，“如果我们存在可以通过努力挣钱从中牟利的这种观念的话，大学的权威性可能会降低”和“我们在大学的廉正方面永远不会妥协”。

引用这两个人的话是为了表明大学在为赚到钱而兴奋的同时，背后也存在着问题——威信和清廉。

知识模块：阅读
Status of Gene Therapy At 18, Ashanthi Desilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the greater intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Born with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system (the “bubble-boy disease”, named after an earlier victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic ten), she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source, in the genes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatment was in 1992, she is completely healthy with normal immune function, according to one of the doctors who treated her, W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones. And the dreaming may continue for decades more. “There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease,”Anderson says, “within 50 years.”It’s not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson’s early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates it will spend $ 432 million on gene-therapy research in 2005, and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that don’t cause human disease. “The virus is sort of like a Trojan Horse,” says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/ Weill Cornell Medical College. “The cargo is the gene. “At the University of Pennsylvania’s Abra-mson Cancer Center, immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University, researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease and a rare hereditary disorder that destroys children’s brain cells. At Stanford University and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal experiments have shown great promise. But somehow, things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment, patients show a response at first, but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the setback it suffered in 1999, when Jesse Gelsinger, an 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder, died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will be tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. This summer, researchers at the Salk Institute in San Diego said they had created a “marathon mouse”by implanting a gene that enhances running ability; already, officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency are preparing to test athletes for signs of “ gene doping”. But the principle is the same, whether you’re trying to help a healthy runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. “Everybody recognizes that gene therapy is a very good idea,” says Crystal. “And eventually it’s going to work. “
11．The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to______.
A．show the promise of gene-therapy
B．give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseases
C．introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team
D．explain how gene-based treatment works
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。

文章第一句对用基因疗法治疗Ashanthi所患罕见疾病的成功给予了很高的评价，并在第一段末指出医生们对：基因疗法寄予了极高的期望。

由此可见，答案应该是[A]。

知识模块：阅读
12．Anderson’s early success has______.
A．greatly speeded the development of medicine
B．brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy
C．promised a cue to every disease
D．made him a national hero
正确答案：B
解析：事实细节题。

文章第二段第一句It’s not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson’s early success，所以选[B]。

知识模块：阅读
13．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly.
B．Despite the huge funding, gene researches have shown few promises.
C．Therapeutic genes are carried by harmless viruses.
D．Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores.
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。

文章第二段对于基因治疗的方式的解释是用于治疗的基因通过“viruses that don’t cause human disease”进入体内，就好像“特洛伊木马”一样，由此可见，这些病毒是无害的。

知识模块：阅读
14．The word “tarnish” (Line 11, Para. 4) most probably means______.
A．affect
B．warn
C．trouble
D．stain
正确答案：D
解析：语义分析题。

第四段上文提到基因作弊会进一步tarnish这一领域，从上下文逻辑推理，应该是“有损，玷污”这一类的意思，答案[D]符合题意，为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
15．From the text we can see that the author seems______.
A．optimistic
B．pessimistic
C．troubled
D．uncertain
正确答案：A
解析：推理判断题。

作者的态度从文章第一句话和最后一句话就可以明显判断出来。

第一句话说基因疗法是20世纪的伟大成就之一，最后一句话说“Everybody recognizes that gene therapy is a very good idea”，由此可见作者对基因疗法持积极乐观的态度。

知识模块：阅读
Fat Question and Reference Point of the United States In late June the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched its LEAN Works Web site, a clearinghouse of information on the health costs of employing fat people replete with recommendations on how to prevent and control obesity. The site uses an “ obesity cost calculator”to determine the added price of employing somebody with a body-mass index (BMI) of over 30, the threshold for obesity. The calculator asks employers to fill out a company profile including type of industry and location, employees’BMIs, and their wages and benefits. The software then estimates the “costs for medical expenditures and the dollar value of increased absenteeism resulting from obesity”. But is the federal government’s endorsement of a device that essentially demo-nizes the 72 million Americans who fit the official definition of obese justified by the science? Dr. William Dietz, director of the CDC’s Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, defends the site as one weapon in the larger war on fat. “ We see this epidemic as a serious threat to health and serious medical cost,” Dietz says. “We didn’t feel like we could wait for the best possible evidence, so we acted on the best available evidence.”Other experts, however, say BMI is a crude tool that fans fears of an obesity epidemic even as it fails as a reliable measure of an individual’s health. “We made everyone fat by framing! That is the real epidemic,”says Paul Campos, a law professor at the University of Colorado who coauthored a controversial study questioning whether obesity is a true health crisis or a moral panic. The American Heart Association lists obesity as major risk factor for heart disease because it raises blood pressure, increases “bad” cholesterol while lowering “good” cholesterol, and carries an elevated risk of developing diabetes, itself a risk factor for heart disease. In addition, obesity has been linked to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, asthma, and sleep apnea. Nevertheless, it’s hardly clear that there actually is an obesity epidemic, or that fat people are at greater risk of death than people of normal weight, or that weight loss—relentlessly promoted by public-health officials as the solution to America’s weight problem—is an attainable goal at all. When we talk about the obesity epidemic, it’s important to understand where the numbers come from. Most large-scale evaluations of public fatness—including the CDC’s—employ BMI, a calculation that uses an individual’s height and weight to determine whether he or she is underweight (BMI less than 18.
5), normal weight (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9), overweight (BMI between 25 and 29.
9), or obese (BMI of 30 or higher). BMI calculations can be famously ridiculous—
Dallas Cowboys quarterback Tony Romo’s BMI of 28.8 (he’s 6 feet 2, 224 pounds) puts him at the upper end of the overweight category.
16．The “obesity cost calculator” needs you to offer the following information EXCEPT______.
A．your company’s profile
B．your body-mass index
C．your medical expenditure
D．your wages and benefits
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。

根据题干关键词obesity cost calculator定位到第一段。

该段第二、三句提及“肥胖成本计算器”的运用以及所需的相关信息，[A]、[B]、和[D]三项内容在原文均有提及，而[C]则是“肥胖成本计算器”提供的结果，故[C]符合题干要求，为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
17．According to the passage, Dr. William Dietz______.
A．is the creator of the obesity cost calculator
B．opposes the site as a weapon in the war on fat
C．doesn’t accept the official definition of obesity
D．aims to deal with the threat to serious medical cost
正确答案：D
解析：推理判断题。

根据题干关键词Dr．William Dietz定位到第二段。

该段第三句提及“威廉·迪斯把此流行病看做对健康和严重医疗开支的重大威胁”，并创建该网站来对抗肥胖，[D]含义与之相符，故为正确答案。

该段第二句只是提及他们的网站使用了“肥胖成本计算器”，并不能推断他是发明者，故排除[A];[B]“opposes the site”与原文含义相反，故排除；该段首句虽提及“官方肥胖定义”这一概念，但并未提及他对于此的观点，故排除[C]．知识模块：阅读
18．We can infer from the other experts’ views that______.
A．there is no reliable measure of people’s health
B．BMI may raise panic of an obesity epidemic
C．obesity should be treated only as a health crisis
D．health crisis caused by obesity is the real epidemic
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。

根据题干关键词the other experts’views定位到第三段。

该段首句提及“其他专家把身体质量指数看做一种粗糙的工具，甚至其……还激起对肥胖流行的恐慌”，[B]含义与之相符，故为正确答案。

该段第二句提及保罗·坎波斯认为肥胖更是一种心理恐慌的体现，故排除[C]；该段第二句提及“我们通过构想使所有人变胖!这才是真正的疫情”，也即心理恐慌才是真正的疫情，故排除[D]。

知识模块：阅读
19．According to the American Heart Association, obesity______.
A．may lead to sleeping problems
B．decreases your blood pressure
C．certainly develops into diabetes
D．is helpful to prevent cancer
正确答案：A
解析：推理判断题。

根据题干关键词the American Heart Association定位到第四段。

该段末句提及“肥胖还被与大范围的健康问题想联系，包括……睡眠窒息”，[A]含义与之相符，故为正确答案。

[B]含义与原文相反，故排除；[C]含义绝对化，故排除；该段末句提及，肥胖可能导致癌症，故排除[D]。

知识模块：阅读
20．We can conclude from the last two paragraphs that______.
A．fat people are at greater risk of diseases than others
B．weight loss is the best solution to American’s weight problem
C．the generally used BMI calculation doesn’t fit to all people
D．public health officials take BMI to solve the obesity problem
正确答案：C
解析：推理判断题。

根据题干关键词the last two paragraphs定位到最后两段。

倒数第二段提及了几个暂不明确的问题，末段讨论了与肥胖有关的数据的重要性。

最后一段末句提及“身体质量指数测算曾因荒唐而出名”，并进行了举例说明，由此推知，BMI calculation并非适用于所有人，[C]含义与之相符，故为正确答案。

[A]和[B]所涉及的在原文均未给出明确判定，只是作为问题被提及，同时the best solution也与原文不符，故均排除；倒数第二段后半部分提及公共健康官员不遗余力地推行的是减肥而非BMI，故排除[D]。

知识模块：阅读
The Medical Treatment is Allergic and Use a Medicine Overage Pity McAllen, Texas. In May, the town came to symbolize almost everything that’s wrong with American health care after Dr. Atul Gawande, a medical journalist, described it in the New Yorker as a city with a glut of specialists too eager to perform expensive procedures and tests, the kind of place that demonstrates why medical costs keep spiraling upward nationwide. Gawande’s article made such a convincing case against McAllen’s medical culture—and against the profit motives that drive much of the healthcare system—that the president made it required reading for his staff. One of the town’s largest medical groups also just paid $27. 5 million to settle allegations that it was giving doctors kickbacks so they would refer patients to its hospitals. Now, the Allergy and Asthma Foundation of America has named its Fall Allergy Capitals, “the 100 most challenging places to live with allergies” in the country. The absolute worst town on the list? Yep, McAllen again. The city’s double thrashing was not politically motivated. Mike Tringale, the AAFA’s director of external affairs, hadn’t read the Gawande article until last week, when I sent it to him. And some of the
reasons McAllen landed on the bad-allergy list have nothing to do with the health-policy concerns in Gawande’s piece—for instance, the fact that the city, at the southern tip of Texas, has lots of pollen, high humidity, and almost no freezing weather. But there’s at least one odd way in which the AAFA’s take on medicine in McAllen seems at first glance to contradict Gawande’s—and there’s a lesson in it for people looking to cut down on health-care costs. According to the AAFA, which is a nonprofit patient group, not a doctor lobby, one of the reasons the city is so hard on allergy sufferers is its lack of board-certified allergists. Is McAllen, the city of too much medicine, somehow also suffering from too few doctors? Not quite. For the most part, the AAFA report doesn’t contradict Gawande’s findings about a pervasive culture of overtreatmnt. If anything, it bolsters them. Take, for instance, Gawande’s point that “compared with patients in El Paso an nationwide, patients in McAllen get more of pretty much everything—more diagnostic testing, more hospital treatment, more surgery, more home care.”They get more allergy drugs too, according to the AAFA. “InMcAllen, patients are overmedicated for allergies. Their use is off the charts,” says Tringale. “They’re completely dissatisfied with single solutions, They’ll take a prescription medication, an over-the-counter medication, and an eyedrop all at the same time.”
21．Dr. Atul Gawande’s report on McAllen______.
A．fiercely criticised the American health care system
B．exposed the hospital’s kickback giving phenomenon
C．made him a famous medical journalist in the New Yorker
D．demonstrated the cause behind sharp rise of medical costs
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。

根据题干关键词Dr．Atul Gawande和McAIlen定位到第一段。

该段第二句提及“葛文德博士将麦卡伦市描述为一个大量的专科医生过于热切地进行昂贵的医疗措施与检测的城市，一个可以展示医疗开支为何在全国范围内继续盘旋上升的地方”，由此可知，[D]含义与之相符，故为正确答案。

该段提及其报告是“驱使健康医疗体系的利益诱因的对抗”，并非对该体系的激烈批评，故排除[A];该段末句提及该市最大的医疗机构之一花费巨资来解决其对医生实施回扣的申诉，并非葛文德报告所及，故排除[B]；由该段第二句可知，葛文德本身就是《纽约客》的医疗专栏作者，故排除[C]。

知识模块：阅读
22．According to the passage, the AAFA______.
A．keeps an identical idea with Gawande
B．has been influenced by Gawande’s report
C．is a political group lead by the government
D．didn’t consult Gawande’s report before its list
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。

根据题干关键词the AAFA定位到第三段。

由该段第二
句可知，美国气喘和过敏基金会在颁布其名单之前并未参考葛文德的报告，由此可推知[D]含义与之相符，故为正确答案。

同理排除[B]。

由该段第三句“麦卡伦市登上最糟糕过敏城市名单的某些原因与葛文德文章中对健康政策的关注毫无关系”可以排除[A]；由该段首句“该城市的双重打击背后并不存在政治利益驱使”和下文第四段第二句对该基金会的定义“一个非营利性病人组织”可以排除[C]。

知识模块：阅读
23．One of the reasons McAllen landed on the bad-allergy list is______.
A．the AAFA’s unfair political motivation
B．the negative influence of Gawande’s report
C．The shortage of allergy doctors in the area
D．the city’s special location and bad weather
正确答案：C
解析：推理判断题。

根据题干关键词the reasons McAllen landed on the bad-allergy list定位到第四段。

该段第二句提及“根据美国气喘和过敏基金，该城市过敏者情况严重的原因之一是拥有合法资格的过敏症专科医师的缺乏’’，由此可推知[C]含义与之相符，故为正确答案。

由第三段首句“该城市的双重打击背后并不存在政治利益驱使”排除[A]；由第三段第二句可知，该名单并未受到到葛文德文章的影响，故排除[B]；由第三段第三句“麦卡伦市登上最糟糕过敏城市名单的某些原因与葛文德文章中对健康政策的关注毫无关系”可以排除[D]。

知识模块：阅读
24．The passage suggests that patients in McAllen______.
A．have more medical choices than the patients nationwide
B．maintain an extensive custom of medical overtreatment
C．have no satisfaction with the hospital’s allergy treatment
D．prefer home care than prescription medication in hospital
正确答案：B
解析：事实细节题。

根据题关键词patients in McAllen定位到末段。

该段介绍了麦卡伦市病人所持的就医用药文化。

由该段第六句可知，麦卡伦市病人存在普遍的过度医疗救治现象，由此可推知[A]含义与之相符，故为正确答案。

原文并未对医疗选择的多少进行对比，故排除[A]；该段第六提及该市病人存在普遍的过度医疗救治现象，而非对医院的过敏救治不满，故排除[C]；该段最后两句只是提及病人会同时进行家庭护理和医院处方治疗，并未对两种治疗方式进行对比，故排除[D]。

知识模块：阅读
25．The author seems to be mainly concerned with______.
A．the influence of Gawande’s report on McAllen
B．the 100 most challenging places to live with allergies
C．the allergy and medical overtreatment problems in McAllen
D．the contradictions between the AAFA and Gawande’s views
正确答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。

本题考查对文章的整体理解。

通过通读全文可知，文章以麦卡伦市病人存在普遍的过度医疗救治现象为例，阐述了美国的过度医疗现象，由此可推知[C]含义与原文相符，故为正确答案。

[A]含义与原文不符，原文并未提及该市受其报告的影响，故排除．[B]、[D]只是文章的部分细节，属于以偏概全，不能作为文章的主旨，故均排除。

知识模块：阅读。