2005-2013中石油职称英语考试真题翻译汇编

05
Translation (20 points)
The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.
The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.
The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics. The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.
The classification of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds, but it should be remembered that many common petrochemicals can be made form other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of source identification., Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.
B级
The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.
The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.
The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics. The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.
06
IV. Translation
（2004版32课Energy in Transition）
Supplying energy in 1970 required the harvesting, processing and combustion of some three billion metric tons of coal, some 17 billion barrels of oil, more than a trillion cubic meters of natural gas and perhaps two billion cubic meters of fuel wood. It entailed the use of dirty coal as well as clean; undersea oil as well as terrestrial; deep gas as well as shallow; mediocre hydroelectric sites as well as good ones; and deforestation as well as sustainable fuel wood harvesting.
Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fields
are discovered, they will make little differe nce, against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.
There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need None has very good prospects for delivering large qu antities of electricity at costs comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs. 71~
Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East,/the cheapest oil and gas arc alrcaci5 gone. Some scientists believe there is a lot more to be found. But even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on today’s scale. Oil and gas will have to come increasingly as imports from countries with very unstable economic conditions.
There are a variety of other energy resources that are more abundant than oil and gas. Coal, solar energy, wind energy, and fission and fusion fuels are the most important ones. But they all require elaborate and expensive transformation into electricity or liquid fuels in order to meet society’s need. They may never be capable of delivering large quantities of electricity at cos ts comparable to those of the cheap coal-fired and hydropower plants of the 1960’s. It appears, then, that expensive energy is a permanent condition, even without allowing for its environmental costs.
译文：70年能源供应需要开采、加工和燃烧大约30亿公吨的煤和褐煤，大约170亿桶的石油，一万多亿立方米的天然气和大约20亿立方米的木柴。

这意味着需要除了利用优质煤炭，还要利用劣质煤炭：除了利用陆上石油，还要利用海洋石油：除了利用浅层气，还要利用深层气：除了利用条件良好的水电站，还要利用条件一般的水电站；除了可承受的木柴采伐，还要破坏森林。

除了中东地下巨大油藏而外，最廉价油气资源已经枯竭，过去曾出现通过抬高成本来抑制能源的日益枯竭的趋势本身也已消失。

即使再能发现几个大油田，对于如今规模巨大的能源消费来说，也无济于事。

对于大多数国家来说，石油和天然气将越来越多地依赖于从地层深处开采，并依赖进口，而油气进口无论是资源供应的可靠性还是进口国家的支付能力都难以得到保证。

尚有其他许多能源资源要比油气资源丰富。

煤炭、太阳能以及裂变聚变燃料是其中最主要的几种。

但要将这些资源转化成电力或者是液体燃料以满足社会需要，都需要复杂的技术和昂贵的成本。

要靠这些资源来大量生产电力，从成本上说，任何一种都无法同60年代廉价的火力发电站和水力发电站相比，因而，前景不会太好。

这样看来，能源昂贵的情形将长久持续，这还不包括使用能源在环境上所付出的代价。

07
注：71题的答题说明印在试卷二答题纸上。

请仔细阅读并按照要求在答题纸上作答。

A. 级
71. The U.S. and Iran don't agree on much these days. But in their conflict over Iran's nuclear program, both seem willing to use oil as a political weapon.
The U.S. believes that sanctions on Iran's energy exports might force Tehran to renounce its uranium-enrichment ambitions. Iran hopes its threats to withhold some of those exports will persuade the international community to back off.
One thing is certain: a substantial reduction in Iran's energy output would have a significant impact on global oil prices. Iran is the fourth-largest oil exporter in the world. It sells more than 2.5 million barrels a day. Many analysts say a supply cut could drive prices up to $g0 to $100 a barrel.
Some analysts argue that it is less dangerous for the U.S. to simply accept a nuclear Iran than to risk the damage that sharp Iranian production cuts--or Iranian retaliation against a U.S. or Israeli military strike--might do to U.S. interests. After all, Iran is unlikely to ever fire a nuclear missile, which could be expected to respond in kind.
But the Bush administration fears that Iran might sell nuclear material to other states, and possibly
to terrorist groups. It's also concerned that other Middle Eastern countries might feel compelled to go nuclear.
The U.S. will continue over the next several weeks to try to push sanctions through the Security Council. But the council is increasingly unlikely to impose them. Russia has extensive trade ties with Iran, and it can veto any resolution.
B级
71.
The U.S. and Iran don't agree on much these days. But in their conflict over Iran's nuclear program, both seem willing to use oil as a political weapon.
The U.S. believes that sanctions on Iran's energy exports might force Tehran to renounce its uranium-enrichment ambitions. Iran hopes its threats to withhold some of those exports will persuade the international community to back off.
Some analysts argue that it is less dangerous for the U.S. to simply accept a nuclear Iran than to risk the damage that sharp Iranian production cuts---or Iranian retaliation against a U.S. or Israeli military strike--might do to U.S. interests. After all, Iran is unlikely to ever fire a nuclear missile, which could be expected to respond in
kind.
But the Bush administration fears that Iran might sell nuclear material to other states, and possibly to terrorist groups. It's also concerned that other Middle Eastern countries (Saudi Arabia, in particular) might feel compelled to go nuclear.
以下翻译71题为试卷类型01
IV. Translation（试卷类型01）（不同试卷类型翻译可能有所改动，再发一份01卷的翻译）Directions: There are 1 passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the
passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.
A
71.
The U.S. and Iran don't agree on much these days. But in their conflict over Iran's
nuclear program, both seem willing to use oil as a political weapon.
The U.S. believes that sanctions on Iran's energy exports might force Tehran to
renounce its uranium-enrichment ambitions. Iran hopes its threats to withhold some of those exports will persuade the international community to back off.
One thing is certain: a substantial reduction in Iran's energy output would have a significant impact on global oil prices. Iran is the fourth-largest oil exporter in the world. It sells more than 2.5 million barrels a day. Many analysts say a supply cut could drive prices up to $80 to $100 a barrel.
Some analysts argue that it is less dangerous for the U.S. to simply accept a nuclear Iran than to risk the damage that sharp Iranian production cuts—or Iranian retaliation against a U.S. or Israeli military strike--might do to U.S. interests. After all, Iran is unlikely to ever fire a nuclear missile, which could be expected to respond in
kind.
But the Bush administration fears that Iran might sell nuclear material to other states, and possibly to terrorist groups. It's also concerned that other Middle Eastern countries might feel compelled to go nuclear.
The U.S. will continue over the next several weeks to try to push sanctions through the Security Council. But the council is increasingly unlikely to impose them. Russia has extensive trade ties with Iran, and it can veto any resolution.
这里我只翻译下面这些：
71.B
The U.S. and Iran don't agree on much these days. But in their conflict over Iran's nuclear program, both seem willing to use oil as a political weapon.
这些天来，美国和伊朗还没有达成一致意见。

但是在他们的分歧当中，双方都似乎愿意把石油当作一个政治武器来说事儿。

The U.S. believes that sanctions on Iran's energy exports might force Tehran to renounce its uranium-enrichment ambitions. Iran hopes its threats to withhold some of those exports will persuade the international community to back off.
美国相信制裁伊朗能源出口会迫使德黑兰放弃它的铀浓缩计划，而伊朗则希望它在石油出口方面受到的威胁将会被国际组织驳回。

Some analysts argue that it is less dangerous for the U.S. to simply accept a nuclear Iran than to risk the damage that sharp Iranian production cuts---or Iranian retaliation against a U.S. or Israeli military strike--might do to U.S. interests. After all, Iran is unlikely to ever fire a nuclear missile, which could be expected to respond in kind.
分析家认为让美国接受一个有核的伊朗危险会更小一些，相反如果制裁伊朗会引发它对美国和以色列的军事报复。

别忘了，伊朗还未曾发射过一个核导弹。

But the Bush administration fears that Iran might sell nuclear material to other states, and possibly to terrorist groups. It's also concerned that other Middle Eastern countries (Saudi Arabia, in particular) might feel compelled to go nuclear.
但是，布什政府担心伊朗会出售核原料给其他国家，很有可能会出售给恐怖组织。

着就会引发其他中东国家（特别是沙特阿拉伯）的有核化。

08
09
IV. Translation（52课，中国绘制经济路线图，有删改）
Directions: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.
A级
China is about to adopt its 11th five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuation of probably the most remarkable economic transformation in recent years, while improving the well-being of almost a quarter of the world's population.
中国即将实施第十一个五年规划。

这是旨在造福于世界近1／4的人口，为或许是近些年最为可观的经济转型的持续发展所做的准备。

While much of the rest of the developing world has been directed at a common quest for higher GDP, China has once again made clear that it seeks sustainable increases in the people's happiness.
在其他发展中国家都不切实际地致力于提高国内生产总值时，中国再次重申，人民的幸福指数的持续提高才是其追求的目标。

China realizes that it has entered a phase of economic growth that is imposing enormous demands on the environment. Unless there is a change in course, living standards will eventually be compromised. That is why the new five-year plan places great emphasis on the environment.
中国意识到其经济发展已进入了给环境造成沉重负担的阶段。

除非改变做法，否则将最终危及人民生活水平的提高。

这也是新的五年规划把环境问题当作重中之重的原因所在。

China recognizes, too, that what separates less developed from more developed countries is not only a gap in resources, but also a gap in science and technology. So it has laid out new plans not only to reduce that gap, but to create a basis for independent innovation.
中国也认识到，落后国家和发达国家不仅在资源上存在着差距，在科技上也同样有相当距离。

因此中国制定了新的计划，不仅要缩小这个差距，还要为独立创新奠定基础。

China's role in the world and the world's economy has changed, and the plan reflects this, too. Its future economical model will have to be based more on domestic demand than on exports, which will require increases in consumption. Strengthening social security and public education will simultaneously increase citizens' sense of well-being, and promote current consumption.
世界经济发生了变化，中国在世界舞台上扮演的角色也已经改变，这一点在五年规划中也有所反映。

中国未来的经济模式将不得不更多地依靠国内需求而非出口，这就需要扩大国内消费。

强化社会保障体系和公共教育将同时增强人们的幸福感，推动时下的消费。

With such a clear vision of the future, the challenge will be implementation. Market economies are not self-regulating. They cannot simply be left on autopilot, especially if one wants to ensure that their benefits are shared widely. But managing a market economy is a difficult task. It is a balancing act that must constantly respond to economic changes. China's 11th five-year plan provides a roadmap for that response.
中国对未来具有如此明确的远见卓识，挑战则在于：如何贯彻落实。

市场经济并非自我调整，不可以挂上自动档就放手不管。

如果想确保大部分人都能分享市场经济带来的好处，就更不能放任自流。

但管理市场经济不是轻松的任务，它是一种必须按照经济变化随时进行调整的平衡之举。

中国的第十一个五年规划的蓝图，是对调整的适当回应。

B级
China is about to adopt its 11th five-year plan, setting the stage for the continuation of probably the most remarkable economic transformation in recent years, while improving the well-being of almost a quarter of the world's population.
中国即将实施第十一个五年规划。

这是旨在造福于世界近1／4的人口，为或许是近些年最为可观的经济转型的持续发展所做的准备。

While much of the rest of the developing world has been directed at a common quest for higher GDP, China has once again made clear that it seeks sustainable increases in the people's happiness.
在其他发展中国家都不切实际地致力于提高国内生产总值时，中国再次重申，人民幸福指数的持续提高才是其追求的目标。

China recognizes that what separates less developed from more developed countries is not only a gap in resources, but also a gap in science and technology. So it has laid out new plans not only to reduce that gap, but to create a basis for independent innovation.
中国认识到，落后国家和发达国家不仅在资源上存在着差距，在科技上也同样有相当距离。

因此中国制定了新的计划，不仅要缩小这个差距，还要为独立创新奠定基础。

China's role in the world and the world's economy has changed, and the plan reflects this, too. Its future economical model will have to be based more on domestic demand than on exports, which will require increases in consumption. Strengthening social security and public education will simultaneously increase citizens' sense of well-being, and promote current consumption.
世界经济发生了变化，中国在世界舞台上扮演的角色也已经改变，这一点在五年规划中也有所反映。

中国未来的经济模式将不得不更多地依靠国内需求而非出口，这就需要扩大国内消费。

强化社会保障体系和公共教育将同时增强人们的幸福感，推动时下的消费。

10
11
IV. Translation
Directions: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the
passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.
71.（第34 课：地震时刻）
B级
Earthquakes are the most terrible of all natural disasters. Asia has a history of
huge earthquakes within its borders.
What causes these earthquakes? To answer this question we must first
understand some things about the earth itself. The earth's crust is composed of many
different layers of rocks. These layers of rocks are not laid evenly, as a bricklayer
would build a wall. On the contrary, areas of the earth's crust are irregular and weak.
As a result of the great stress that is put on these parts of the crust, the rock beds fold
down towards the earth's core, which results in unstable spots along the earth's crust.
This instability results in breaks along the crust. When a break occurs, or when two
different sides of the crust rub against each other, the result is an earthquake.
Geologists would like to be able to predict earthquakes accurately by using
laser beams, gravity-measuring devices and some other devices. Should predictions
of a quake in the future be accurate, many people may be able to save both their
lives and their property.
12
IV. Translation
Directions: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.
【出处】32.Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学
有改动并增加课外的一段
71. (1)Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonyms, which they are not.
（第七段第一句话）地质学家相对于非地质学家来说，更相信了解地质概念有助于寻找石油。

而且，常常认
为石油地质和石油勘探是同义词，而实际上并非如此。

Guesses that petroleum is formed by the transformation of highly compressed organic material is already well known among the scientific community.
石油是由高压缩有机物质转化而来的猜想，已经在科学界广为人知。

If the petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then present exploration methods would need extensive modification.
如果石油地质学者关于油气生成和运移的观点不被接受，那么目前的勘探方法需要大幅度改变。

Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas, admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors对手hired them, all it did was to increase their costs per barrel of oil found. 一些石油勘探家仍然不承认在找油过程中需要地质学家的帮助。

1982年，一位德州米德兰油田的发现者声称没有雇佣地质学家。

他的对手雇佣了地质学家，结果只是增加了每桶原油的成本。

The Russian State Oil Company is under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to put to the test every claim to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing or some sophisticated scientific technique. 俄罗斯国家石油公司在政府法律强行规定下，对每种发现石油的方法(寻找矿藏和水源机械方法或复杂的科学方法)必须进行测验。

There are many examples of the previous case, and some scientists argue that drilling according to a set of scientific data has the same outcome as drilling randomly.
前面的情况有许多例子，一些科学家认为根据一套科学数据钻井可以取得同样的效果如随机钻探。

(2)Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and production. Leaving aside atypical enterprises, petroleum exploration now involves integrated teams of people possessing a wide
range of professional skills. These skills include deep knowledge of local social situations, which is involved in the purchase of potential oil fields especially in developing countries. Geophysical surveying is involved in collecting data that helps people decide where drilling is most appropriate. Petroleum engineering is concerned with activities related to the most effective way of producing crude oil and natural gas.
石油地质是石油勘探和生产的一个方面。

撇开非典型的企业，现在石油勘探是一个拥有广泛的专业技能的人组成的综合队伍。

这些技能包括当地的社会情况的深层知识，尤其是在发展中国家的潜在油田购买中涉及的深层知识。

地球物理勘测涉及收集数据，它能帮助人们决定在哪里打井最合理。

石油工程关心的是生产的原油和天然气的最有效的方式。

13
71. (1)The Chief Executive of a large hotel became aware that his company was experiencing annual employee turnover of about 40 percent, at an annual cost estimated between $8 to $10 million. This large amount of money was calculated based on two factors: the money spent hiring replacements and the cost to the business in lower productivity due to employees becoming familiar with the requirements of their new job.
(2)Employee turnover is a perennial problem in the hotel industry. But there are some talent management practices and tactics you can adopt to increase employee retention. Here are a couple of suggestions.
(3)Recognize and Reward Solid Performance: We all like to feel appreciated! Your hotel and managers need formal and informal ways to recognize and reward high performance. Not all rewards need to be financial. Even a simple "thank you" or public recognition of their efforts can be effective ways to reward employees. And employees who feel valued tend to stick around.
(4)Provide Opportunities for Development: Giving your staff opportunities to develop and expand their knowledge skills and experience can be a powerful contributor to employee retention .
(5)These talent management practices will not only drive up employee retention, but also increase employee performance and engagement.。