褪黑素通过沉默信息调节因子1减轻线粒体氧化应激对脑缺血-再灌注小鼠的作用

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

褪黑素通过沉默信息调节因子1减轻线粒体氧化应激对脑缺
血-再灌注小鼠的作用
刘阳阳;梁国标;甄恩迪;毛崇丹;高旭;郝广志;董玉书
【摘要】Objective To investigate the effect of melatonin on mice with ischemia-reperfusion via a silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress mechanism. Methods A transient middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO) cerebral ischemia-reperfusion ( IR) model in mice was established by the suture-occluded method. One hundred and ninety mice were injected with melatonin intraperitoneally or the SIRT1 inhibitor (EX527) intracerebroventricularly,30 dead and model failure mice were excluded. They were divided into IR,melatonin,melatonin +EX527,and EX527 groups (n =40 in each group ) according to the random number table. The cerebral infarct volume was detected by the triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) method,the brain edema was measured by the wet and dry weight method and the neurological deficit scores were measured. Western blot was used to detect SIRT1,Ac-P53, acetylated-nuclear factorκB (Ac-NF-κB),BCl2,Bax proteins i n the mitochondria and cytoplasm,as well as the cytochrome C protein expression. A single factor analysis of variance was used for comparison among the groups. Results ( 1 ) There were significant differences in cerebral infarction volume, neurological dysfunction scores and cerebral edema among the four groups ( F values,16. 452,23. 622,and 18. 786, respectively (all P<0. 05). There were significant differences in the expression levels of SIRT1,Ac-P53,
Ac-NF-κB,BCl2, and Bax among the four groups ( F value s, 2348. 158, 1434. 841, 7042. 563, 14627. 128,and 691. 475,respectively,all P<0. 05). There were significant differences in mitochondrial membrane
potential,mitochondrial reactive oxygen species,and complex I activity in mice among the four groups (F value,28. 454,33. 728 and 29.
716,respectively,all P <0. 05). (2) Compared with the IR group,the infarct volume was reduced (32 ± 5 mm3 vs. 57 ± 5 mm3,P<0. 05),neurological deficit scores were decreased (2. 4 ± 0. 3 vs. 3. 5 ± 0. 3,P<0. 05);brain edema was red uced (80. 2 ± 0. 9% vs. 83. 9 ± 1. 2%,P<0. 05);the expression levels of SIRT1 and anti-apoptosis protein BCL2 were increased in the melatonin group (P<0. 05);the expression levels of pro-apoptotic protein BAX and Ac-P53,Ac-NF-κB were reduced ( P <0. 05 );t he mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial complex I activity and cytochrome C level were increased (P<0. 05);and the cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species and cytochrome C level were decreased (P < 0. 05). (3) Compared with the melatonin group,cereb ral infarction volume were increased (42 ± 5 mm3 vs. 32 ± 5 mm3,P < 0. 05);nerve dysfunction scores were increased(3. 2 ± 0.
3 vs. 2.
4 ± 0. 3,P<0. 05);cerebral edema was aggravated (83. 4 ± 0. 8% vs.
80. 2 ± 0. 9%, P < 0. 05 );the expression levels of SIR T1 and anti-apoptotic protein BCL2 were reduced (P <0. 05);the pro-apoptotic protein BAX,Ac-
P53,and Ac-NF-κB expression levels were increased (P<0. 05);the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial complex I activity and cytochrome C level were decreased (P<0. 05);and the cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species and cytoplasmic cytochrome C level were
increased in the melatonin+EX527 group (P<0. 05). Conclusion In ischemic stroke model mice, melatonin plays a neuroprotective role by activating
the SIRT1 signaling pathway and reducing oxidative stress injury and cell death in mitochondria,thus plays a role in cerebral protection.%目的探讨褪黑素通过沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)减轻线粒体氧化应激机制对脑缺血-再灌注(IR)小鼠的作用.方法通过线栓法建立小鼠短暂性大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)IR模型,对190只小鼠经腹腔注射褪黑素和侧脑室注射SIRT1抑制剂EX527,剔除死亡小鼠
30只,按随机数字表法分为IR组、褪黑素组、褪黑素+EX527组、EX527组各40只,通过2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)法测定脑梗死体积、干湿比重法测定脑水肿并进行神经功能缺损评分.通过Western blot检测线粒体和胞质SIRT1、Ac-P53、Ac-核因子κB(Ac-NF-κB)、BCL2、BAX蛋白以及细胞色素C蛋白表达.多组间比
较采用单因素方差分析.结果 (1)4组间脑梗死体积、神经功能障碍评分和脑水肿的差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为16.452、23.622和18.786,均P<0.05).4组SITR1、Ac-P53、Ac-NF-κB、BCL2、BAX表达差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为2348.158、1434.841、7042.563、14627.128和691.475,均P<0.05).4组小鼠
线粒体膜电位、线粒体活性氧和复合体Ⅰ活性差异有统计学意义(F值分别为
28.454、33.728和29.716,均P<0.05).(2)与IR组相比,褪黑素组的脑梗死体积缩
小(32±5)mm3比(57±5)mm3,P<0.05);神经功能障碍评分降低(2.4±0.3比
3.5±0.3,P<0.05);脑水肿减轻(80.2±0.9)%比(83.9±1.2)%,P<0.05);SIRT1和抗凋
亡蛋白BCL2的表达增加(P<0.05);促凋亡蛋白BAX和Ac-P53、Ac-NF-κB的表
达减少(P<0.05);线粒体膜电位、线粒体复合体Ⅰ活性和细胞色素C水平提高
(P<0.05);胞质活性氧产物和细胞色素C水平降低(P<0.05).(3)与褪黑素组相比,褪
黑素+EX527组的脑梗死体积增大[(42±5)mm3比(32±5)mm3,P<0.05];神经功能障碍评分增高(3.2±0.3比2.4±0.3,P<0.05);脑水肿加重[(83.4±0.8)%比
(80.2±0.9)%,P<0.05];SIRT1和抗凋亡蛋白BCL2的表达减少(P<0.05);促凋亡蛋白BAX和Ac-P53、Ac-NF-κB的表达增加(P<0.05);线粒体膜电位、线粒体复合体Ⅰ活性和细胞色素C水平降低(P<0.05);胞质活性氧产物和胞质细胞色素C水平提高(P<0.05).结论在缺血性卒中模型小鼠中,褪黑素通过激活SIRT1信号通路,减轻线粒体氧化应激损伤和细胞死亡,从而发挥脑保护作用.
【期刊名称】《中国脑血管病杂志》
【年(卷),期】2017(014)010
【总页数】6页(P519-524)
【关键词】缺血性卒中;褪黑素;沉默信息调节因子1;线粒体;氧化应激;小鼠
【作者】刘阳阳;梁国标;甄恩迪;毛崇丹;高旭;郝广志;董玉书
【作者单位】121001 锦州,锦州医科大学沈阳军区总医院研究生培养基地神经外;沈阳军区总医院神经外科;121001 锦州,锦州医科大学沈阳军区总医院研究生培养基地神经外;121001 锦州,锦州医科大学沈阳军区总医院研究生培养基地神经外;沈阳军区总医院神经外科;沈阳军区总医院神经外科;沈阳军区总医院神经外科
【正文语种】中文
Correspondingauthor:DongYushu,Email:**************** Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of melatonin on mice with ischemia-reperfusion via a silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress mechanism.Methods A transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model in mice was established by the suture-occluded method.One hundred and
ninety mice were injected with melatonin intraperitoneally or the SIRT1 inhibitor (EX527) intracerebroventricularly,30 dead and model failure mice were excluded.They were divided into IR,melatonin,melatonin+EX527,and EX527 groups (n=40 in each group) according to the random number table.The cerebral infarct volume was detected by the triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) method,the brain edema was measured by the wet and dry weight method and the neurological deficit scores were measured.Western blot was used to detect SIRT1,Ac-P53,acetylated-nuclear factor κB (Ac-NF-κB),BCl2,Bax proteins in the mitochondria and cytoplasm,as well as the cytochrome C protein expression.A single factor analysis of variance was used for comparison among the groups.Results (1) There were significant differences in cerebral infarction volume,neurological dysfunction scores and cerebral edema among the four groups (F values,16.452,23.622,and 18.786,respectively (all P<0.05).There were significant differences in the expression levels of SIRT1,Ac-P53,Ac-NF-κB,BCl2,and Bax among the four groups (F values,2 348.158,1 434.841,7 042.563,14 627.128,and
691.475,respectively,all P<0.05).There were significant differences in mitochondrial membrane potential,mitochondrial reactive oxygen species,and complex I activity in mice among the four groups (F
value,28.454,33.728 and 29.716,respectively,all P<0.05).(2) Compared with the IR group,the infarct volume was reduced (32±5 mm3vs.57±5
mm3,P<0.05),neurological deficit scores were decreased (2.4±0.3
vs.3.5±0.3,P<0.05);brain edema was reduced (80.2±0.9%
vs.83.9±1.2%,P<0.05);the expre ssion levels of SIRT1 and anti-apoptosis
protein BCL2 were increased in the melatonin group (P<0.05);the expression levels of pro-apoptotic protein BAX and Ac-P53,Ac-NF-κB were reduced (P<0.05);the mitochondrial membrane potential,mitochondrial complex I activity and cytochrome C level were increased (P<0.05);and the cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species and cytochrome C level were decreased (P<0.05).(3) Compared with the melatonin group,cerebral infarction volume were increased (42±5 mm3vs.32±5 mm3,P<0.05);n erve dysfunction scores were increased (3.2±0.3 vs.2.4±0.3,P<0.05);cerebral edema was aggravated (83.4±0.8% vs.80.2±0.9%,P<0.05);the expression levels of SIRT1 and anti-apoptotic protein BCL2 were reduced (P<0.05);the pro-apoptotic protein BAX,Ac-P53,and Ac-NF-κB expression levels were increased (P<0.05);the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial complex I activity and cytochrome C level were decreased (P<0.05);and the cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species and cytoplasmic cytochrome C level were increased in the melatonin+EX527 group
(P<0.05).Conclusion In ischemic stroke model mice,melatonin plays a neuroprotective role by activating the SIRT1 signaling pathway and reducing oxidative stress injury and cell death in mitochondria,thus plays a role in cerebral protection.
Key words: Ischemia stroke;Melatonin;Silent information regulator
1;Mitochondria;Oxidative stress;Mice
脑缺血-再灌注(ischemia reperfusion,IR)损伤会造成氧化应激反应和线粒体功能障碍,而线粒体功能障碍会破坏离子平衡和细胞功能[1],最终导致神经细胞凋亡和坏死,进一步加重缺血。

因此,如何减轻线粒体氧化应激反应以改善IR损伤是
脑保护研究的重要方向之一。

褪黑素是由人松果体产生的一种吲哚类激素,可以
调节生物节律、抗炎性反应、抗衰老和抗纤维化等,尤其是在抗氧化应激和抗凋亡方面作用强大,是迄今发现最强的内源性自由基清除剂[2]。

研究表明,褪黑素具
有活化促生存信号通路和抗线粒体功能障碍的能力,能够减轻包括大脑在内的多种器官的IR损伤[3]。

沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)
是哺乳动物中第一个被发现的去乙酰化酶Sirtuin蛋白家族成员,近年来,有关SIRT1的神经保护作用受到越来越广泛的关注[4],在脑缺血过程中其活化可以抑
制核因子κB (NF-κB)和P53介导的炎性反应和细胞凋亡[5]。

褪黑素在神经细胞缺血、缺氧后可以活化SIRT1[6]。

本研究旨在探讨褪黑素通过SIRT1减轻线粒体氧
化应激机制在缺血性卒中发挥的作用。

1.1 动物及分组
选取10~22周龄,体质量20~22 g的190只清洁级C57BL/6J雄性小鼠,由沈阳军区总医院实验动物中心提供[许可证号:SCXK(辽)2015-0001]。

造模后用随机数字表法分为IR(48只)、褪黑素(46只)、褪黑素+EX527(SIRT1抑制剂,47只)、EX527(49只)4组。

各组分别有8、6、7和9只小鼠造模后死亡,最终每组小鼠
均为40只,用于神经功能缺损评分的小鼠为10只,评分后继续用于脑梗死体积
测定;脑组织含水量检测10只;用于线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential,MMP)、线粒体活性氧产物和复合物Ⅰ活性检测10只;用于Western blot检测10只。

1.2 模型的建立
模型建立后30 min及6 h,以10 mg/kg的剂量分两次腹膜注射褪黑素(Sigma
公司,美国)。

以10 mg/kg EX527(Tocris公司,英国)经侧脑室注射(模型建立前
2 d)。

小鼠用10%水合氯醛(0.4 ml/100 g)腹腔注射麻醉,经颈部备皮消毒后取正中切口,钝性分离皮下及肌肉组织,暴露右侧颈总动脉、颈外动脉和颈内动脉,分
别结扎颈总动脉及颈外动脉,后在颈内动脉近分叉处打活结备用;在颈总动脉远心端剪一小“V”形切口,将尼龙鱼线制成的线栓(直径0.26 mm)由切口插入颈内动脉,深度约为8~10 mm,然后结扎颈内动脉,缝合皮下组织及皮肤。

血管阻塞
90 min 后拔出部分线栓并剪断,使大脑中动脉恢复灌注。

按照Longa评分确定
造模成功标准为2~4分[7]。

1.3 神经功能缺损评分
在小鼠IR后24 h行神经功能缺损评分(neurological deficit scoring,NDS)[8],0分:无运动障碍(正常);1分:前肢无力和躯干转向同侧时臀部抬起(轻度);2分:一侧无法承受身体重量(中度);3分:无肢体自发活动或翻身(重度)。

1.4 脑梗死体积测定
IR后24 h将小鼠断头取脑,立即称脑质量,然后以2 mm厚度进行冠状面切片,用2%2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色并置于37 ℃黑暗中30 min,然后用10%甲醛浸泡室温过夜。

在脑切片中,缺乏红染的区域视为脑梗死。

用数码相机在同样光线条件下拍摄,照片输入计算机,通过图像处理软件(Image ProPlus 6.0)计算
出每张脑片的面积与脑梗死面积。

脑梗死体积计算公式为V=t(A1+A2+…+An)-( A1+An)t/2,其中t为切片厚度,A为每张脑片的梗死面积。

脑梗死面积百分比
=(脑片总梗死面积/脑片总面积)× 100%。

1.5 脑组织含水量检测
造模后24 h,行脑组织含水量检测,方法为测定脑组织的湿重后,把脑组织红色
和白色的部分置于105 ℃干燥环境中48 h,直至重量不再变化。

TTC染色后的大脑总质量可以通过测定干燥的红色和白色部分得到。

每个脑的含水量测定如下:(湿重-干重)/湿重× 100%。

1.6 MMP测定
造模后24 h,离心分离脑组织的线粒体和胞质(2 000×g离心3 min),采用
MMP检测试剂盒(JC-1,Sigma公司,美国)检测MMP。

线粒体样品(0.5 mg/ml,1 ml)与19 ml JC-1染色缓冲液混合,添加缬氨霉素作为阴性对照,使用荧光分光光度计测定590 nm的红光与525 nm的绿光比率作为MMP的指标。

1.7 线粒体活性氧产物检测
造模后24 h,用H2DCFDA荧光指示剂(Sigma公司,美国)检测线粒体活性氧产物。

线粒体蛋白在5 mmol/L丙酮酸和2.5 mmol/L苹果酸为底物的200 μl缓冲
液中,加入10 μmol/L的H2DCFDA,通过490 nm和526 nm发射波长测定线粒体H2O2和自由基产物活性氧的相对量。

1.8 线粒体复合物Ⅰ活性测定
造模后24 h,采用分光光度测定法对小鼠脑线粒体复合物Ⅰ活性进行测定。

原理
是还原型烟碱腺嘌呤二核苷到非还原型烟碱腺嘌呤二核苷的催化氧化反应,伴随着细胞色素C的减少。

通过加入溶解的线粒体样本,启动反应并记录2 min内在
550 nm处反应的吸光度变化,反映线粒体复合物Ⅰ活性。

1.9 Western blot检测
造模后24 h断头处死小鼠,取脑皮质梗死灶组织,用细胞组织快速裂解液提取总蛋白,细胞质蛋白试剂盒(CST公司,美国)提取核蛋白,随后用二辛可宁酸法进行蛋白定量。

经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后转至聚偏二氟乙烯膜,分别用3%牛血清白蛋白、5%脱脂牛奶室温封闭1 h,分别加入一抗SIRT1(1∶500)、Ac-P53、Ac-核
因子κB、(Ac-NF-κB)、线粒体细胞色素酶C蛋白、胞质细胞色素酶C蛋白、B淋巴细胞瘤-2蛋白(B-cell lymphoma-2,BCL2)、BCL2相关蛋白X(BCL-2-associated protein X,BAX)、β-actin(1∶1000)4 ℃过夜,次日用TBST缓冲液洗脱10 min×3次,加入相应的二抗IgG(1∶5000),室温孵育1 h后,TBST洗脱
10 min×3次,用增强化学发光试剂盒在Tanon凝胶图像处理系统显影。

1.10 统计学分析
采用SPSS 13.0统计软件包分析所有数据。

计量资料用表示,行正态检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析。

组间两两比较采用LSD检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2.1 褪黑素及SIRT1的抑制剂EX527对脑梗死体积、神经功能障碍评分和脑水肿的影响
褪黑素治疗后,脑梗死体积缩小、神经功能障碍评分降低和脑水肿减轻。

而SIRI1的抑制剂EX527逆转了褪黑素的作用,4组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

见表1。

2.2 褪黑素及SIRT1的抑制剂EX527对脑SIRT1、BCL2、Ac-P53、Ac-NF-κB和BAX蛋白表达的影响
脑SIRT1、BCL2、Ac-P53、Ac-NF-κB和BAX蛋白电泳图见图1。

4组SITR1、Ac-P53、Ac-NF-κB、BCL2、BAX差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

与IR组相比,褪黑素组的SIRT1和BCL2蛋白表达分别显著增高(均P<0.05),Ac-P53、Ac-NF-κB和BAX蛋白表达降低(均P<0.05)。

与褪黑素组相比,褪黑素+EX527组的SIRT1和BCL2蛋白表达降低(均P<0.05),Ac-P53、Ac-NF-κB和BAX蛋白表达分别显著增高(均P<0.05)。

与褪黑素+EX527组比较,EX527组SIRT1和BCL2显著降低,Ac-P53、Ac-NF-κB和BAX蛋白表达升高(均P<0.05)。

见表2。

2.3 褪黑素及SIRT1的抑制剂EX527对MMP、线粒体复合体Ⅰ活性、线粒体活性氧产物以及线粒体和胞质细胞色素C蛋白表达的影响
褪黑素治疗后,MMP提高,线粒体活性氧减少,线粒体复合体Ⅰ活性增强,SIRI1的抑制剂EX527逆转了褪黑素的作用(均P<0.05)。

4组小鼠MMP、线粒体活性氧和线粒体复合体I活性差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

见表3。

与IR组相比,褪黑素组的线粒体细胞色素C蛋白表达显著增高(P<0.05),胞质细胞色素C 蛋白显著降低(P<0.05)。

与褪黑素组相比,褪黑素+EX527组的线粒体细胞色素C
蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05),胞质细胞色素C蛋白显著增高(P<0.05)。

见图2。

褪黑素可直接清除大量自由基,进入细胞发挥抗氧化损伤,保护线粒体作用,在中枢神经系统有明确的抗氧化作用,能够减轻脑组织IR损伤[9],并且有易吸收,易透过血-脑屏障和胎盘的生物学特点,有转化临床的优势[10]。

褪黑素发挥脑保护作用的机制也一直在不断探索中。

SIRT1是一类依赖烟碱腺嘌呤二核苷的第三类组蛋白去乙酰化酶,SIRT1通过组蛋白/非组蛋白去乙酰化基作用影响基因的转录,在抵抗应激反应、调节细胞凋亡和能量代谢以及细胞老化等方面发挥重要作用。

有研究已经证实SIRT1在衰老相关性疾病起到抗氧化应激的作用,如神经退行性疾病、内分泌系统疾病等[11]。

有研究发现,SIRT1通过去乙酰化p53和NF-κB,抑制其介导的炎性反应和凋亡通路,从而对脑缺血起到神经保护的作用[12],而在大鼠脑缺血模型中,SIRT1也参与了低氧预适应的脑缺血耐受,更为重要的是,Carloni等[13]研究发现,在低氧缺血的新生鼠中,褪黑素可以上调神经细胞中SIRT1的表达。

但在成年鼠中,褪黑素对脑IR发挥何保护作用,与SIRI1分子通路的相关机制并不清楚。

因此,我们对此进行了探索,结果显示褪黑素可以起到减少小鼠脑梗死体积、降低神经功能障碍评分和减轻脑水肿的神经保护作用。

褪黑激素可以显著增加IR小鼠脑SIRT1和抗凋亡蛋白BCL-2的表达,明显降低由IR诱导的Ac-P53、Ac-NF-κB和BAX蛋白的表达,这3种蛋白与促凋亡密切相关,但其可以被SIRT1的抑制剂EX527逆转。

本研究显示,褪黑素在IR中发挥脑保护作用,是以激活SIRT1为前提的。

SIRT1在IR导致的肾损伤中可以抗氧化应激并且保护线粒体功能[14]。

褪黑素也显示出强大的抗线粒体氧化损伤的作用[15],如在帕金森病小鼠模型中,褪黑素既可以保护线粒体,又可以保护神经细胞[16],在脑退化性的疾病中,褪黑素可以提高MMP和超氧化物歧化酶2的水平而起到神经保护作用[17]。

本研究显示褪黑素还可提高线粒体复合体Ⅰ活性和线粒体细胞色素C水平,减少有毒的线粒体活性
产物和胞质细胞色素C水平。

褪黑素和SIRT1均可以抗线粒体氧化损伤,保护线粒体功能,但并不清楚褪黑素发挥作用与SIRT1分子间的关系。

笔者用SIRT1的抑制剂EX527在IR动物模型进行了体内实验,发现SIRT1受EX257抑制后,褪黑素的线粒体保护作用减弱,表明褪黑素是通过激活SIRT1来减轻脑IR诱导的线粒体氧化损伤,SIRT1是褪黑素发挥脑保护作用的关键分子之一。

褪黑素的生物学效应及其抗炎性反应、抗氧化等功能一直在不断研究中。

本实验对褪黑素在缺血性卒中作用机制进行了进一步补充,为褪黑素应用到卒中等疾病的临床治疗提供了的理论参考依据。

【相关文献】
[1] 刘玲,杨昉,刘海波,等.组织激肽释放酶对酸敏感离子通道1 介导的大鼠酸中毒神经元氧化应激的影响[J].中国脑血管病杂志,2012,9(4):200-205.
[2] Mauriz JL,Collado PS,Veneroso C,et al.A review of the molecular aspects of melatonin′s anti-inflammatory actions:recent insights and new perspectives[J].J Pineal
Res,2013,54(1):1-14.
[3] 陈路佳,蔡军,赵京晶,等.应用同步辐射血管造影观察褪黑素对大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血致血管痉挛的影响[J].中国脑血管病杂志,2012,9(5):259-264.
[4] 谭凌菁,王金凤,梅志刚.沉默信息调节因子1信号通路在脑缺血-再灌注损伤中的保护作用[J].中国脑血管病杂志,2016,13(8):442-445.
[5] Hernández-Jiménez M,Hurtado O,Cuartero MI,et al.Silent information regulator 1 protects the brain against cerebral ischemic damage[J].Stroke,2013,44(8):2333-2337. [6] Carloni S,Albertini MC,Galluzzi L,et al.Melatonin reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and preserves sirtuin 1 expression in neuronal cells of newborn rats after hypoxia-ischemia[J].J Pineal Res,2014,57(2):192-199.
[7] Longa EZ,Weinstein PR,Carlson S,et al.Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats[J].Stroke,1989,20(1):84-91.
[8] Chern CM,Liao JF,Wang YH,et al.Melatonin ameliorates neural function by promoting endogenous neurogenesis through the MT2 melatonin receptor in ischemic-stroke
mice[J].Free Radic Biol Med,2012,52(9):1634-1647.
[9]Reiter RJ,Cabrera J,Sainz RM,et al.Melatonin as a pharmacological agent against neuronal loss in experimental models of Huntingt on′s disease,Alzheimer′s disease and
Parkinsonism[J].Ann N Y Acad Sci,1999,890(10):471-485.
[10] Reiter RJ,Paredes SD,Manchester LC.et al.Reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress:a newly-discovered genre for melatonin[J].Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol,2009,44(4):175-200. [11] Zhao W,Kruse JP,Tang Y,et al.Negative regulation of the deacetylase SIRT1 by
DBC1[J].Nature,2008,451(7178):587-590.
[12] Yang Y,Duan W,Li Y,et al.Novel role of silent information regulator 1 in myocardial ischemia[J].Circulation,2013,128(20):2232-2240.
[13] Carloni S,Albertini MC,Galluzzi L,et al.Melatonin reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and preserves sirtuin 1 expression in neuronal cells of newborn rats after hypoxiaischemia[J].J Pineal Res,2014,57(2):192-199.
[14] Khader A,Yang WL,Kuncewitch M,et al.Sirtuin 1 activation stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and attenuates renal injury after ischemia-
reperfusion[J].Transplantation,2014,98(2):148-156.
[15] Herskovits AZ,Guarente L.SIRT1 in neurodevelopment and brain
senescence[J].Neuron,2014,81(3):471-483.
[16] Patki G,Lau YS.Melatonin protects against neurobehavioral and mitochondrial deficits in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson′s disease[J].Pharmacol Biochem
Behav,2011,99(4):704-711.
[17] Garcia-Macia M,Vege-Naredo I,De Gonzalo-Calvo D,et al.Melatonin induces neural SOD2 expression independent of the NF-kappaB pathway and improves the mitochondrial population and function in old mice[J].J Pineal Res,2011,50(1):54-63.。

相关文档
最新文档