Attributive clause定语从句PPT

Who引导的非限制性定语从句 My sister, who is a nurse, came home for a few days. Our dog, spot, who is 7 years old, is a great favorite with the family. England’s team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to revenge themselves for last year’s defeat.
1.2 先行项(词) Antecedent: 指被关系代词、限 定词、副词所指代，并被定语从句所限制、 描绘和说明的对象。先行项分如下类型： 1.2.1 a word：noun, pronoun, adjective The boy who came to see me is my brother. All that glitters is not gold. He thinks her answer incorrect, as it probably is.

Last year he had a stroke, which seriously affected his health. (结果)=…he had such a stroke that it seriously affected… For several days the long-distance bus, which was surrendered by flood waters, could not move forward nor backward. (原因) He would be a rash man, who should cross the street without looking both ways. (条件)=if he should cross the street … The girl, who is only 16, is determined to be a mathematician. (让步)=Although she is only 16,…
which作为关系代词，在非限制性定语从句中的先行 词可以是一个词、一个短语、另一从句或整个主句。 它在从句中作主语、宾语（动、介）、主语补语。 which还可以作为关系限定词在从句中作定语。 a. 用作关系代词 His latest play, which was well reviewed by the critics, has been a great success.
1.3 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 Restrictive Attributive Clause and Nonrestrictive Attributive Clause (RAC and NRAC) 1.3.1 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的 区别： 1) 从结构上看: 限制性定语从句没有“,” 而非 限制性定语从句有“，”。 2) 从功能上看: 限制性定语从句的定语从句不 能省，非限制性定语从句的定语从句可有可 无。
Tom keeps a big dog, which bit me yesterday. 指代表示婴儿 或动物的名词。 He became a scholar, which I was not. 指代表示职业、地 位、品格等的名词。 The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly this season. 指代单数意义的集合名词 She is always careless, which we should not be. 指代形容 词 They say he plays truant [5tru:Ent]逃学, which he doesn’t. 指代短语 He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 另一从句 They overcome all the difficulties and completed the project 2 months ahead of time, ____is something we had not expected. 整个主句 03-51 which
4) which 指物，作主语和宾语（常省略）。在 作介词宾语时，介词可以位于which之前或句 末。 That is the computer which cost me 5000 yuan. The car (which) we hired broken down after 5 kilometers. The ladder on which I was standing began to slip./ (which) I was standing on began to slip.
定语从句
Attributive Clause

1. 概述 1.1 In a complex sentence, the clause used as an attribute is called attributive clause. The function of attributive clause: 限制、描绘或说 明主句中的某一单词、短语、另一从句或整个主句。 定语从句由Relative Pronoun, Relative Determiner or Relative Adverb引导。 Relative Pronoun：who, whom, which, that, as, but Relative Adverb: when, where, why, that Relative Determiner: whose, which
1.2.2 a phrase: She is very attentive in class, which he rarely is. 1.2.3 Another clause: She said that her son would become an artist, which I thought possible. 1.2.4 Main clause: He refused to come, which I had expected. As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules.

of which 是which 的所有格，指物，通常在 正规英语中使用，上面最后两句可写成：





The house the windows of which are broken is unoccupied. My dog the name of which is Ted is growing fast. * * * The tree, whose branches are almost bare, is a very old one. Above the trees are the hills, ___ magnificence(倒影) the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 03-43 whose
3) 从修辞对象上看：限制性定语从句的先行
项为名词或代词（不包括专有名词）；非 限制性定语从句的先行项可以是名词（不 包括带有all, any, some等不定限定词的名 词短语）、短语、另一从句、或整个主句。 4) 从关系词的使用和省略上看：非限制性定 语从句不能使用that, but, why, 关系词不能 省略；限制性定语从句的关系词有时可省。
3) whose 指人和物，作定语 People whose dogs bite other people should keep them (dogs) up. The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied. My dog whose name is Ted is growing fast.





The church, in which they were married/ which they were married in, was built in 1460.指代表示事物的名词。 He kissed the baby, which was in its mother’s arms. The party, ____ I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable. 06-53 to which




The world in which we live/ (which) we live in is in constant motion and in constant change. The baby (which) the nurse brought in was Tom’s child. (指婴儿) The dog (which) he kept barked furiously. (指动 物) The audience which is composed entirely of students is larger than ever. (指单数意义的集合 名词)



关系代词、限定词、副词的作用：引导定语 从句，指代先行项并担任某一句子成分。 关系代词有主格、宾格、所有格，指人和指 物，可省略和不可省略之分；有可用于限制 性定语从句和非限制性定语从句之分。 关系副词有指代表示时间、地点和原因的先 行项，可省略和不可省略之分；有可用于限 制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句之分。
5) 从语义上看：非限制性定语从句在语义上有时相当 于一个并列分句，有时相当于一个状语分句，表示 目的、结果、原因、条件、让步等。 He is recovering quickly, which I’m glad to hear. = He is recovering quickly, and I’m glad to hear that. He is a football fan, which I’m not. = He is a football fan, while I’m not. He wishes to write an article, which will attract public attention to this matter. (目的)=so that it will attract public attention …



2. 关系词在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中的 用法 2.1 关系代词who, whom, which, that, as, but和关系 限定词：whose, which 1）who指人，作主语。 The family who are all football fans are now taking a holiday.指表示复数意义的集合名词 The friend （who）I was traveling with is a doctor. 在口语和非正式英语中， who 可代替whom作动词 宾语或介词宾语，并经常省略。在作介词宾语时， 介词不能位于who之前。


2）whom指人，作宾语，并经常省略。在作介词宾语时， 介词可以位于whom之前或句末。在口语和非正式英语 中，介词常位于句末。 I know the person to whom you spoke/ whom you spoke to. Tell me something about the man for whom I shall be working./ whom I shall be working for. Here is John Smith, whom / who I mentioned the other day. London policeman, whom / who I am much obliged to/ to whom I am much obliged always try to be helpful. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, ___ up to half will be from overseas. a. for whom b. of whom c. in which