unit 5 it must belong to carla 人教版+汤姆森

Unit 5 It must belong to Carla
一. 本周教学内容：
Unit 5 It must belong to Carla
一. 学习目标（Language Goal）
How to make inferences（对目前发生的事）学会做出推测和判断
二. 语言结构（Language Structures）
1. To use could, may, might, must and couldn’t / can’t to show how certain you are about a present situation.
学会使用could, may, might, must及couldn’t/can’t等词，表示对当前发生的事情做出推测和判断。

2. 区别这些词在程度上的不同。

3. “whose”引导的疑问句。

（whose questions）
三. 目标语言（Target language）
1. Whose volleyball is this?
It must be Carla’s. She loves volleyba ll.
2. Whose French book is this?
It could be Ali’s . She studies French.
3. Whose guitar is this?
It might belong to Alice. She plays the guitar.
4. Whose T-shirt is this?
It can’t be John’s. It’s much too small for him.
四. 重点词组（Key phrases）
1. belong to 属于
2. hair band 发带
3. because of 因为
4. Chinese-English Dictionary 汉英词典
5. Oxford University 牛津大学
6. use up 用光、用完
7. the only kid 独生子，唯一的孩子
8. classical music 古典音乐
9. make guesses 做出猜测
10. outside our window 在窗子外面
11. no more 不再
12. escape from 逃离
13. be careful of 留神、当心
五. Grammar Focus （语法重点）表示推测的情态动词
（Modals of Probability and Possibility）
1. 在英语中，表示对某件事物的确定程度，即表示推测的时候，我们通常会用到以下情态动词，must, might, could, may, can’t, couldn’t.
例如：Look at the picture, what do you think it is?
（无论你认为图形表示什么，这都是一种猜测，你可以用以下的句子来回答。

）
eg. It could be a donut.
（它可能是个炸圈饼）
It might be a hat from above.
它可能是个从上面看的帽子。

It must be an eyeball.
它一定是个眼球。

2. 根据确信程度的不同，你可以选择用不同的词。

（1）20％－80％ certain（Possible）: could, might, may
You can use could, might, may to express possibility to show that you believe something is possible, but you are not very certain if it is true or not. You are making a guess. May shows that you are a little more certain that something is true.
当你不确认某件事情是否是真实的，表示“可能”“或许”的意思时，可以用could, might, may来表示。

may表示可能性要稍大一些。

如：Situation: He’s got a baseball hat on.
（确信度由弱到强分别是：
(could→might→may）
又如：Situation: She is wearing a white coat.
（2）90％certain （Probable）: must
Use must to express probability （to show that you believe something is probably true. 如果你非常确信某事是真的，就用must. “一定是”“肯定是”
eg. Situation: He’s wearing a baseball hat. He’s carrying a baseball glove.
（推测）⇒He must play baseball.
注意：must只有在肯定句中才表示判断。

在否定句和疑问句中，要用can’t和can。

must可用来表示我们对某事确有把握（因为从逻辑上来说它是必然的）例如：
Jane’s light is on. She must be at home. She can’t be out.
简的房间里开着灯。

她一定在家，不会出去的。

Mary must have some problem: she keeps crying.
玛丽一定有什么问题：她一直在哭。

There’s the doorbell. It must be Dick.
门铃响了。

一定是迪克。

（3）100％ certain（Certain）：事实，无须推测，则不能用could, might, must.
If these are facts, you don’t use could might or mu st.
eg. Situation: It’s in the middle of a baseball game. He is throwing a ball to his teammate. ⇒He plays baseball.
3. 表示肯定的推测，句式为：主语＋情态动词＋动词（subject + modal + verb）
eg. 注意
（1）Jack could live here. （*情态动词后面必须用动词原形）
而不是Jack could lives here. （×）
（2）Alex might know him.
而不是Alex mights know him. （情态动词没有人称和数的变化）
（3）Shirley may be at home.
而不是Shirley maybe at home. （maybe不是情态动词，而是副词不能做谓语）
4. 表示否定的推测，句式为：主语＋情态动词＋not＋动词。

请注意表示否定的推测时，一般用can’t, couldn’t. couldn’t表示非常的不可能，可能性极小。

eg. That’s impossible! Tom couldn’t be in Hong Kong.
I saw him just a few minutes ago. He can’t be there.
六. Key points. （疑难解析）
1. Whose questions whose引导的特殊疑问句
whose“谁的”，象物主代词一样，亦有名词和形容词的性质
eg.
（1）Whose pens are these?
这些是谁的笔？
They are Li Ming’s
这些是李明的。

（whose具有形容词的性质，回答则用“Li Ming’s （pens））
（2）Whose father went abroad two years ago?
两年前谁的父亲出国了？
（whose后面加名词做定语修饰后面的名词）
（3）Whose is this umbrella?
It’s mine.
（whose在这里是名词性，作表语，回答用名词性物主代词，mine相当于my umbrella）
belong to 作“属于”讲。

例如：
That car belongs to my uncle.
那辆车是我叔叔的。

Who does this bag belong to?
那个提包是谁的？
I belong to the swimming club.
我是这个游泳俱乐部的成员。

3. He was the only little kid at the picnic.
他是野餐中唯一的小孩儿。

only: （1）形容词，置于单数名词之前，变为“唯一的，仅有的”
置于复数名词之前，意为“只有、仅”；另外还有“最适合的最佳的”的意思
eg.
a. This is my only son.
这是我的独生子。

Her only answer is a smile.
她仅以微笑回答。

b. They were the only people who had the keys.
只有他们有钥匙。

c. She is the only woman for the position.
她是那个职位的最佳人选。

（2）副词：“只，仅，才”
eg. a. Only you understand me.
只有你了解我。

（修饰主语时，only常置于主语之前）
b. She only eats vegetables.
她只吃蔬菜。

I’ve only seen him once.
我只见过他一次。

（only修饰主语以外的成份时，通常置于行为动词之前，be动词，情态动词、助动词后面）
（3）要确定所修饰的事物时，则置于所修饰的词和短语之前
eg. I met her only yesterday.
我昨天才遇见她。

4. If you have any idea where it might be, please call me.
（1）any除了用于否定句、疑问句中，还用于if引导的条件从句中，意为“若干的，有多少”。

例如：If you have any time I’d like to talk.
如果你有（些许）时间，我希望与你谈谈。

If you have any interesting books, please lend me some.
你如果有什么有趣的书，请借我几本。

（2）If you have any idea... = If you know... 意为“如果你知道……”
（3）Where it might be 作“have any idea”的宾语从句。

（4）idea n. 主意、想法
eg. a man full of ideas主意很多的人
另外，idea还有想象，模糊的想法。

eg. You can have no idea of what he said.
你根本想象不到他说了些什么。

5. too much 与much too的区别
二者均做副词性短语作程度状语。

too much通常位于动词之后，修饰动词，too做much的状语，后面也可接名词。

eg.
She does talk too much, doesn’t she?
她确实太唠叨了，是吗？
He works too much.
他工作太辛苦了。

//He has too much work to do.
而much too则常用在形容词或副词之前修饰形容词或副词，其中much 作too的状语。

eg.
The dress is much too long for me.
这衣服我穿太长了。

I got into the taxi and drove much too fast.
我上了出租车，并开得飞快。

6. because 与because of的区别
because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的，后面接从句，做为原因状语从句
eg. He didn’t attend the meeting because he had too much work to do.
他因为要干的活儿太多，没来参加会议。

because of 意为“因为，由于”，在句中一般用作状语，可置于句首和句末，后面接名词、代词及名词性短语。

常用来表示引起事件发生的直接原因。

eg. Because of illness, the boy did not go to school.
因为生病，这个男孩没有去上学。

They had to stay at home because of a heavy rain.
因为一场大雨，他们只好呆在家里。

The boy was late for school because of the heavy traffic.
由于堵车，这个孩子上学迟到了。

7. no more 与not …any more的区别
二者都表示“不再”，“再没有”的含义
（1）谈数量或程度时，要用no more.
eg. There is no more bread.
没有面包了。

（指数量）
He’s no more genius than I am.
他和我都不是天才。

（指程度）
（2）说时间时，不用no more, 可用not …any more或no longer, not …any longer.
eg. He doesn’t live here any more.
他不住在这里了。

（指时间）
I can not stand it any longer.
我再也忍不下去了。

（指时间）
It no longer exists.
它不再存在。

8. I think I dropped it during the concert so it might still be in the symphony hall.
（1）drop本句中是动词，意思是“落下，掉落”。

例如：
She dropped the vase on the floor.
她失手把花瓶掉在了地板上。

The monkeys dropped the basket and ran away as soon as they saw the children.
猴子们一看见孩子们就扔下篮子逃跑了。

It was so quiet that you might have heard a pin drop.
安静得连针掉在地上都可能听得到。

（2）during是介词，意为“在……期间”，其后跟时间段。

辨析：during, for
介词during和介词for之后都跟时间段，如：an hour, two weeks, three years, holidays 等。

但介词for是指持续时间的长短，回答how long（多长时间）的问题，而during 则是指动作所发生的时间，回答when （什么时候）的问题。

请看下面的例句：
The child woke three times during the night.
这个孩子夜里醒了三次。

He stayed in Beijing for two years.
他在北京住了两年了。

We have studied English for three years.
我们学英语学了三年了。

（3）still是副词，意为“仍然，仍旧”，yet也有此义，但两者在句中的位置是不同的，yet一般放在句
尾或句中的位置，而still 则放在句中。

例如：
I can still see him. I can see him yet.
⎧⎨⎩我还能看到他.
另外，在否定句中still 可以位于否定结构之前，而且不处于否定范围之内，而yet 却不是这样。

例如：
I still haven't heard from her. I haven't heard from her yet. ⎧⎨⎩
我还没有收到她的来信. I still don’t understand. 我还是不明白。

9. However, these days, strange things are happening in our neighborhood and everyone is unhappy. 然而，最近在我们附近却在发生一些奇怪的事情，并且每个人都不高兴。

（1）however 意思是“然后，可是，无论如何……也”。

其用法如下：
<1>however 作连词，意为“然而，可是，不过”，与but 的意义相同，但however 是较正式的说法。

例如： Certainly he apologized. However, I won’t forgive him.
他的确道歉了，然而我却不会原谅他。

<2>从语义上看，but 所表示的是很明显的对比，转折的意味比however 要强。

从语法上看，but 是个并列连词，而however 却是个联加副词（conjuct ）。

从语序上看，but 总是位于它引出的分句之首，而however 却位于分句之首、之中或之尾，但译成汉语时一定要把它放在分句之首。

从标点上说，but 之后一般不得加逗号，但however 位于分句之首时，通常用逗号，位于分句中时，通常在其前后各加一个逗号，位于分句之尾时，则必须在其前加逗号。

（2）these days 意为“最近，近来，近几天。

”
（3）unhappy 是happy 的反义词。

我们常用的在形容词前加词首变为其反义词的有：
lucky （幸运的）－－unlucky （不幸的）
grateful （感激的）－－ungrateful （忘恩负义的）
harmed （受伤害的）－－unharmed （平安无事的）
finished （完成了的）－－unfinished （未完成的）
fair （公平的）－－unfair （不公平的）
10. My parents called the police, but they can’t find anything strange.
我的父母亲报了警，但他们也没能发现奇怪的东西
（1）police 是名词，通常用the police ，视为复数名词，意思是“警察、警方”。

如果指一个警员，要用a policeman 或a policewoman 。

例如：
You should call the police if you meet a thief.
你遇到贼的话，应该报警。

（2）can’t 在本句中，不表示“推断”，而表示“能力”。

（3）something, anything 等复合不定代词的修饰词要放在其后面。

例如：
There isn’t anything wrong with this com puter.
这台电脑没毛病。

Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
今天的报纸上有新东西吗？
11. In my dream, I was swimming in an ocean of paper.
在我的梦中，我浸泡在数不尽的试卷中。

（in ）an ocean of, 或（in ）oceans of 是介词短语，口语中常用，意为“极多的，用不尽的”，在of 后接不可数名词或可数名词复数形式均可。

例如：
He thinks he has oceans of time.
他认为他有用不尽的时间。

【模拟试题】
I. 英汉词组互译：
1. 属于……的__________
2. my favorite author __________
3. 报警__________
4. be extremely worried__________
5. 从……逃走__________
6. swim in an ocean of paper__________
7. 假装睡着__________
8. use up__________
9. be careful of __________
10. 由于……__________
II. 单项选择
（）1. “_____ answer this question in English? ”
“No, you ______. You ______ answer it in Chinese. ”
A. May, needn’t, can
B. Must, needn’t, may
C. May, mustn’t, could
D. Must, mustn’t, can
（）2. Liu Mei’s name is on the bag. It _____ hers.
A. was
B. has been
C. must be
D. will be
（）3. Dick isn’t at school today. He ______ ill at home.
A. maybe
B. may be
C. was
D. can’t be
（）4. My friend has lost his blue bike. This one _____ his.
A. maybe
B. must be
C. might be
D. is
（）5. Who _____ this building belong to?
A. is
B. does
C. was
D. has
（）6. There is _______ sno w and it’s _______ cold this winter.
A. too much, too much
B. too much, much too
C. much too, much too
D. much too, too much
（）7. This girl ______ very clever.
A. used to be
B. use to be
C. used be
D. used to is
（）8. “What are you _______? ”“I’m ______ my backpack, I can’t _____ it. ”
A. look for, find, look for
B. finding, finding, look for
C. looking for, looking for, find
D. finding, looking for, find
（）9. What _____ in Bell Tower Neighborhood this time yesterday?
A. happened
B. was happened
C. was happening
D. is happening
（）10. “Maybe this coat is Li Xia’s ”means “______”.
A. This coat must be Li Xia’s
B. This coat must belong to Li Xia
C. This coat can’t be Li Xia’s
D. The coat may be Li Xia’s
（）11. “The volleyball must belong to Carla. ”means “_____”.
A. Carla’s name is on the volleyball
B. Carla has a volleyball
C. The volleyball must be Carla’s
D. That can’t be carla’s volleybal l
（）12. Mark Twain is Mary’s ______ author.
A. famous
B. favorite
C. different
D. strange
（）13. I really need my glasses _____ I’ll have a math test on algebra tomorrow.
A. if
B. when
C. so
D. because
（）14. “What do you think ‘terrified’mean? ”I think it means “_____”.
A. afraid
B. happy
C. glad
D. sad
（）15. “______ magazine do you think it is? ”It must be Grace’s.
A. Where
B. Which
C. Whose
D. How
（）16. A: Where’s Rose?
B: I’m not sure. She _____ in the library.
A. is
B. might be
C. must be
（）17. A: My daughter just got a scholarship to Stanford!
B: You ____ be proud of her.
A. could
B. must
C. might
（）18. A: How does Sheila get to school?
B: I don’t really know. She _____ the bus.
A. might take
B. takes
C. must take
（）19. A: Is Myrna working in the city today?
B: She _______ I’m not sure.
A. could
B. could have
C. could be
（）20. A: Does Lucia still share a house with his sister?
B: I don’t know. He ______.
A. might be
B. might
C. might have
III. 假设你捡到了一个钱包，其中包含以下物品，请选择最佳答案
1. a driver’s license with a female photo and name
The owner of the purse _________ a woman.
A. could be
B. is
C. may be
2. a comb with gray hairs
She ________ an older woman.
A. could be
B. might be
C. must be
3. a government employee ID card
She _______ for the government.
A. could work
B. may work
C. must work
4-5. a lot of keys and computer disks
The ______ a secretary.
A. could be
B. is
C. must be
She ______ a computer.
A. doesn’t use
B. must use
C. uses
6. pictures of children
The children ______ her grandchildren, or they ______ her nieces and nephews.
A. are
B. could be
C. might be
7. a glass case
She _____ wear glasses, but the case _____ be for sunglasses.
A. could
B. may
C. must
8. a bank statement showing a balance of $0.
She _____ any money in the bank, but she ______ another account.
A. could have
B. doesn’t have
C. must have
9. an Irish passport full of stamps.
She ______ be American. She _______ travel a lot.
A. might
B. must
C. must not
10. a small handgun
She ________ work for the police. She ______ be a spy.
A. could
B. might
C. must
IV. Using the following information and pictures, complete each sentence with could, may, might, or must in the progressive. Be careful－some of them are negative.
Jonathan, a college student, arrives at his family’s home to pay his family a surprise visit. He’s worried because no one is there. As he looks around the house, he’s guessing what his family members are doing and what they were doing right before he arrived.
Present progressive: to make a guess or draw a conclusion about something in progress at the time of speaking
1. Dad sometimes takes an afternoon nap.
He ______________________________
2. But Dad’s shoes aren’t by the front door. When he comes home, Dad always takes off his shoes and leaves them by the front door.
He ______________________________
3. The grocery list is not on the refrigerator, where my sister always puts it. She does the family’s grocery shopping every week.
My sister ______________________________
4. But the family car and my sister’s bicycle are in the garage.
My sister ______________________________
5. My family walks the dog every day. Sparky, the family pet, isn’t here. My mom, dad, sister, and brother aren’t here. The car and bikes are in the garage.
Everybody ______________________________
V. Look at the following pictures. What do you think these pictures are? Write your ideas using might、Could, may must.
1. It might be a man riding a horse.
_______________________
2. _______________________
_______________________
3. _______________________
_______________________
4. _______________________
_______________________
5. _______________________
_______________________
VI. Unscramble the following statements
EXAMPLE: Lee hasn’t smiled all day.
a /bad /be /he/in/mood/must / He must be in a bad mood.
1. Ever y time I see Gigi, she’s eating a candy bar.
chocolate /like /must / she ___________________
2. Every day Julia wears a white dress with white stockings and shoes to class.
a /be /might /nurse / she ___________________
3. Juan always carries a helmet.
a / he / motorcycle/ must /ride ___________________
4. Oleg and Natalya have the same last name and come to class together.
be /must/related/they ___________________
5. Oleg is 19 years old, and Natalya is 27.
be /couldn’t / mother / Natalya / Oleg’s ___________________
6. Is Lin’s study group going to meet this week?
I don’t know.
because /is /Lin /not /might / sick / it ___________________
7. Jacques gets up in the middle of class and leaves the room.
he /kn ow/may/not/rude/that’s ___________________
VII. 根据汉语完成句子
1. 这本法语书一定是李英的，因为她是我们班唯一一个正在学法语的人。

This French book ____ ____ Li Ying’s because she is the ____ one ______ studying French.
2. 这是谁的T恤衫？不会是吉姆的。

因为对他来说太大了。

_____ T-shirt is this? It _____ b e Jim’s, because it’s ____ _____ big for him.
3. 昨晚，在我的梦中我在无尽的试卷中漂浮。

Last night, in my dream I was ____ in _____ _____ of paper.
4. 你不能把一个假装睡觉的人叫醒。

You can’t _____ a person who is ______ to be _____.
5. 我好几天没看见我们的数学老师了。

I _____ ______ our math teacher _____ several days.
6. 由于大雨他来晚了。

He came late ______ _______ the _____ _____.
7. 他或许是为了赶车在跑。

He _____ be _____ to _____ a bus.
8. 你会弹吉它吗？
Can you _____ _______ _______?
【试题答案】
I. 1. belong to 2. 我最喜欢的作家
3. call the police
4. 极为担心
5. escape from
6. 在大量的试卷中漂浮
7. pretend to be asleep 8. 用光
9. 当心…10. because of
II. BCBCB BACCD CBDAD BBACB
III. 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B
6. B
7. A，B，C第一空均可以/第二空A或B
8. B,A 9. C,B 10. 第一空，第二空，三者均可
IV. 1. could / may / might be taking a nap. 或者
could/may /might be sleeping.
2. must not / couldn’t be taking a nap.或
must not /couldn’t be sleeping
3. must be grocery shopping
4. must not / couldn’t be grocery shopping
5. must be walking the dog.
V. Answers will be vary
VI. 1. She must like chocolate.
2. She might be a nurse.
3. He must ride a motorcycle.
4. They must be related.
5. Natalya couldn’t be Oley’s mother.
6. It might not because Lin is sick.
7. He may not know that’s rude.
VII. 1. must be only who’s 2. Whose can’t much too 3. swimming an ocean 4. disturb pretending asleep
5. haven’t seen for
6. because of heavy rain
7. might running catch
8. play the guitar。