托福写作教程(新)_OK
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19
Outline
• For
• 方便高效 conve nient & efficient
• 丰富生活 enrich lifestyle
• 推动相关产业 boost related indu stries
• Against
• 耗尽石油资源 d eplete fuel resour ces worldwide
25
Controversy 争议
• Think → claim / suggest / believe / advo cate / maintain / argue / suppose
• Good → beneficial / profitable / helpful / sound / decent
equent paragraphs to verify my perspective.
28
Conclusion 总结段
• Statement 观点 rewrite, not copy • All in all / To conclude / In conclusion / In general / To sum up • When all the above-mentioned factors are taken into consideration, a conclusion
5
应试写作难点
• 大脑一片空白 基本无话可说 • 绿叶对根的情意 • Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific re
asons and examples to support your answer.
6
应试写作难点
• Bad → harmful / detrimental / hazardou s
• Advantage → merit / virtue / benefit / p rofit / pro
• Disadvantage → demerit / drawback / fl
aw / shortcoming / con / cost
• 3分:文章切题,阐说尚可,展开不够.段落层次组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡 自然,有逻辑性;句间连接基本顺畅;有部分句法错误;用词一般,有时不 得体.词性区分和拼写等有若干错误.
• 2分:文章切题,段落组织基本合理,有逻辑性,但只存在于语义层次上, 语言表达上未能体现;句子框架结构基本成立,但有许多语法错误,句 间联系不顺畅,往往是不善于使用逻辑连词,显得幼稚,生硬.词汇方面 拼写错误多,常有用词不得体现象.
9
应试写作难点
• 表达捉襟见肘 词句鲜有亮点
10
• 越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找到好工作是越来越难。 • More and more college graduates who have just graduated from unive
rsity find that finding a good job is more and more difficult.
11
• 越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找到好工作是越来越难 • A growing number of fresh graduates find that obtaining a decent job
is increasingly difficult.
12
• 越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找到好工作是越来越难。 • A growing number of fresh graduates find that being employed by a d
• 表达漏洞百出 可读性相当差 • In China, because its tradition, the old is most raised by their children. • In China, because of its tradition, the old are mostly supported by their children.
• 空气污染 air pollution
• 交通阻塞和事故
traffic jam and ac cidents
20
• Introduction 总起段 • Body 主体段 • Conclusion 总结段
Structure 结构
21
Introduction 总起段
• Background 背景 • Controversy • Statement 观点 • Transition 过渡
day life. • In my view, it is much better to have everyday life without automobile.
27
Transition 过渡
• In the following paragraphs, I would present some reasons. • A few explanations / examples would be presented as follows. • Thus essential and persuasive evidences would be provided in the subs
could be drawn that …
29
Conclusion 总结段
• From my point of view, it is advisable to take advantage of automobile while eliminate its drawbacks.
• From where I stand, automobile can not be an essential factor in pursu ing a perfect life.
2
托福写作分数换算
• 30 • 28 • 25 • 22 • 20 • 17 • 14
• 10 •9 •8 •7 •6 •5 •4
3
应试写作的三个层次 • 写得出 • 写得对 • 写得炫
4
应试写作难点
• 写作本身难度大, 是驾驭一门语言的最高境界, 属于信息的输出,是逻辑、语 法 、词汇 、文化等的综合统一
• 1分:文章切题.阐说没有展开,只限于三言两语地回答问题;没有段落 组织,很乱,长度很短,只有一段;句子排列有一定的逻辑关系,能看出各 句基本框架,但结构或语法错误较多;用词不得题,拼写错误多.
• 0分:文章各方面都有严重错误,句子不像句子.总体印象是根本没有 写作能力,英语水平太低,够不上1分标准,只能打最低分.
托福写作教程
1
托福写作介绍
• 综合写作 • 形式: 读+听+写 • 内容: 阐明观点相互联系性 • 分数权重: 1/2 • 时间要求: 20分钟 • 字数要求: 150-225词
• 独立写作 • 形式: 议论文 • 内容: 对议题发表看法 • 分数权重: 1/2 • 时间要求: 30分钟 • 字数要求:至少300词
(2 different / opposite ideas) 争议
22
Background 背景
• Being a controversial issue, the great popularity of automobile has arouse d a great deal of attention in society during the past decades.
ecent employer is increasingly difficult.
13
• 越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找到好工作是越来越难。 • The difficulty of being employed by a decent employer is on the rise, a
s the number of fresh graduates grows.
14
托福独立写作评分标准
• 5分:文章切题,阐说充分,文章有说服力;段落组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡 自然,有很强的逻辑性;段落内句与句连接顺畅,句式使用恰当,灵活,成 熟;用词确切,得体.文章中有个别语法拼写错误,但不影响内容表达.
• 4分:文章切题,阐说基本充分,在某些细节上有缺陷.段落层次组织有 序,衔接紧密,过渡自然,逻辑性强;句间连接顺畅,句式使用恰当,灵活; 用词基本得体.文章中有少量用词不当和语法拼写错误.
• Some would claim daily life has been up graded due to automobile, while the ide a that severe problems are the results br ought by automobile is still held by som e others.
• Nowadays, the issue on the great popularity of automobile is highly deba table, and ideas vary from person to person.
23
Controversy 争议
• Some people think that it is good, other people think that it is bad. • Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life. Ot
15
托福独立写作பைடு நூலகம்求
• 谋篇: 观点突出 结构合理 • 谋段: 论证充分 言之有物 • 谋句: 正确 多变 关联 • 谋词: 准确 多变
16
托福独立写作题目分类
• 对比选择型 • 支持反对型 • 自选论述型 • 问题分析型
17
托福独立写作的步骤
• 审题 内容？ 形式？ • 构思 头脑风暴 Outline • 行文 • 检查
26
Statement 观点
• 简洁明了 concrete & concise • As for me, I side with the former / latter. • As far as I am concerned, I believe automobile is indispensable in every
30
Body 主体段
• To begin with / Firstly / First and foremost
The first draft of anything is SHIT. ---- By Hemmingway
18
对比选择型
• Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life. Ot hers think that the automobile has caused serious problems. What is y our opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answe r.
7
应试写作难点
• 中式英语泛滥 考官哭笑不得 • Pollution makes us cannot breathe fresh air. • Pollution makes us unable to breathe fresh air.
8
应试写作难点
• 口语痕迹明显 好似娓娓道来 • I say it’s a good thing. • Now I’ll tell you a story about myself.
hers think that the automobile has caused serious problems.
24
Controversy 争议
• Some would claim daily life has been up graded due to automobile, while some o thers may suggest that severe problems are the results (which are) brought by au tomobile.
Outline
• For
• 方便高效 conve nient & efficient
• 丰富生活 enrich lifestyle
• 推动相关产业 boost related indu stries
• Against
• 耗尽石油资源 d eplete fuel resour ces worldwide
25
Controversy 争议
• Think → claim / suggest / believe / advo cate / maintain / argue / suppose
• Good → beneficial / profitable / helpful / sound / decent
equent paragraphs to verify my perspective.
28
Conclusion 总结段
• Statement 观点 rewrite, not copy • All in all / To conclude / In conclusion / In general / To sum up • When all the above-mentioned factors are taken into consideration, a conclusion
5
应试写作难点
• 大脑一片空白 基本无话可说 • 绿叶对根的情意 • Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific re
asons and examples to support your answer.
6
应试写作难点
• Bad → harmful / detrimental / hazardou s
• Advantage → merit / virtue / benefit / p rofit / pro
• Disadvantage → demerit / drawback / fl
aw / shortcoming / con / cost
• 3分:文章切题,阐说尚可,展开不够.段落层次组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡 自然,有逻辑性;句间连接基本顺畅;有部分句法错误;用词一般,有时不 得体.词性区分和拼写等有若干错误.
• 2分:文章切题,段落组织基本合理,有逻辑性,但只存在于语义层次上, 语言表达上未能体现;句子框架结构基本成立,但有许多语法错误,句 间联系不顺畅,往往是不善于使用逻辑连词,显得幼稚,生硬.词汇方面 拼写错误多,常有用词不得体现象.
9
应试写作难点
• 表达捉襟见肘 词句鲜有亮点
10
• 越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找到好工作是越来越难。 • More and more college graduates who have just graduated from unive
rsity find that finding a good job is more and more difficult.
11
• 越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找到好工作是越来越难 • A growing number of fresh graduates find that obtaining a decent job
is increasingly difficult.
12
• 越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找到好工作是越来越难。 • A growing number of fresh graduates find that being employed by a d
• 表达漏洞百出 可读性相当差 • In China, because its tradition, the old is most raised by their children. • In China, because of its tradition, the old are mostly supported by their children.
• 空气污染 air pollution
• 交通阻塞和事故
traffic jam and ac cidents
20
• Introduction 总起段 • Body 主体段 • Conclusion 总结段
Structure 结构
21
Introduction 总起段
• Background 背景 • Controversy • Statement 观点 • Transition 过渡
day life. • In my view, it is much better to have everyday life without automobile.
27
Transition 过渡
• In the following paragraphs, I would present some reasons. • A few explanations / examples would be presented as follows. • Thus essential and persuasive evidences would be provided in the subs
could be drawn that …
29
Conclusion 总结段
• From my point of view, it is advisable to take advantage of automobile while eliminate its drawbacks.
• From where I stand, automobile can not be an essential factor in pursu ing a perfect life.
2
托福写作分数换算
• 30 • 28 • 25 • 22 • 20 • 17 • 14
• 10 •9 •8 •7 •6 •5 •4
3
应试写作的三个层次 • 写得出 • 写得对 • 写得炫
4
应试写作难点
• 写作本身难度大, 是驾驭一门语言的最高境界, 属于信息的输出,是逻辑、语 法 、词汇 、文化等的综合统一
• 1分:文章切题.阐说没有展开,只限于三言两语地回答问题;没有段落 组织,很乱,长度很短,只有一段;句子排列有一定的逻辑关系,能看出各 句基本框架,但结构或语法错误较多;用词不得题,拼写错误多.
• 0分:文章各方面都有严重错误,句子不像句子.总体印象是根本没有 写作能力,英语水平太低,够不上1分标准,只能打最低分.
托福写作教程
1
托福写作介绍
• 综合写作 • 形式: 读+听+写 • 内容: 阐明观点相互联系性 • 分数权重: 1/2 • 时间要求: 20分钟 • 字数要求: 150-225词
• 独立写作 • 形式: 议论文 • 内容: 对议题发表看法 • 分数权重: 1/2 • 时间要求: 30分钟 • 字数要求:至少300词
(2 different / opposite ideas) 争议
22
Background 背景
• Being a controversial issue, the great popularity of automobile has arouse d a great deal of attention in society during the past decades.
ecent employer is increasingly difficult.
13
• 越来越多的刚刚毕业的大学生发现找到好工作是越来越难。 • The difficulty of being employed by a decent employer is on the rise, a
s the number of fresh graduates grows.
14
托福独立写作评分标准
• 5分:文章切题,阐说充分,文章有说服力;段落组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡 自然,有很强的逻辑性;段落内句与句连接顺畅,句式使用恰当,灵活,成 熟;用词确切,得体.文章中有个别语法拼写错误,但不影响内容表达.
• 4分:文章切题,阐说基本充分,在某些细节上有缺陷.段落层次组织有 序,衔接紧密,过渡自然,逻辑性强;句间连接顺畅,句式使用恰当,灵活; 用词基本得体.文章中有少量用词不当和语法拼写错误.
• Some would claim daily life has been up graded due to automobile, while the ide a that severe problems are the results br ought by automobile is still held by som e others.
• Nowadays, the issue on the great popularity of automobile is highly deba table, and ideas vary from person to person.
23
Controversy 争议
• Some people think that it is good, other people think that it is bad. • Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life. Ot
15
托福独立写作பைடு நூலகம்求
• 谋篇: 观点突出 结构合理 • 谋段: 论证充分 言之有物 • 谋句: 正确 多变 关联 • 谋词: 准确 多变
16
托福独立写作题目分类
• 对比选择型 • 支持反对型 • 自选论述型 • 问题分析型
17
托福独立写作的步骤
• 审题 内容？ 形式？ • 构思 头脑风暴 Outline • 行文 • 检查
26
Statement 观点
• 简洁明了 concrete & concise • As for me, I side with the former / latter. • As far as I am concerned, I believe automobile is indispensable in every
30
Body 主体段
• To begin with / Firstly / First and foremost
The first draft of anything is SHIT. ---- By Hemmingway
18
对比选择型
• Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life. Ot hers think that the automobile has caused serious problems. What is y our opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answe r.
7
应试写作难点
• 中式英语泛滥 考官哭笑不得 • Pollution makes us cannot breathe fresh air. • Pollution makes us unable to breathe fresh air.
8
应试写作难点
• 口语痕迹明显 好似娓娓道来 • I say it’s a good thing. • Now I’ll tell you a story about myself.
hers think that the automobile has caused serious problems.
24
Controversy 争议
• Some would claim daily life has been up graded due to automobile, while some o thers may suggest that severe problems are the results (which are) brought by au tomobile.