高三英语Unit 11 Key to Success人教版知识精讲

高三英语Unit 11 Key to Success人教版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 11 Key to Success
二. 知识总结与归纳：
课文重，难点解析：
1. After an investigation by the police, another colleague who is known to have stolen things in the past is suspected of having stolen the camera.
经过警方的调查，一位人们都知道以前偷过东西的同事被怀疑偷了照相机。

be suspected of doing…：被怀疑做了某事
2. What if you feel comfortable doing a task by yourself ? Especially at school, it sometimes feels as if we are being asked to work in teams for the sake of just that.
假如你觉得你一个人干某项工作感觉还舒服些，那又怎么办呢？特别是在学校里，有时候我们感觉似乎是为了团队活动而搞团队活动。

What if…..：假如……，那该怎么办？
for the sake of …：为了……；由于某种缘故
He bought a house in the country for the sake of his wife’s health.
She changed into her casual clothes for the sake of comfort.
3. A team is a group of individual people brought together in order to accomplish
a task that cannot be efficiently or effectively completed by any member of the group alone.
团队就是许多个人组合起来完成组内任何个人都无法高效或有效地完成的工作。

4. Although the coach is usually not counted as a team member, his role is to discuss strategy and make decisions about the composition of the team.
虽然教练通常不算作队员，但是他的职责是讨论策略并确定运动队的组成。

be counted as….：被认为是……相当于：be considered / regarded / recognized as….
5. Roles of team members are accepted and there are no conflicts about expectations and responsibilities attached to each role.
团队成员的职责是经过大家认可的。

对每个职责的期望值和责任心大家都没有异议。

attached to each role：过去分词做定语修饰expectations and responsibilities，attach to…：与……相关
6. Practice also brings the benefit of getting experience working with other people.
练习的好处就是获得了与他人合作的经验。

experience（in）working with other people
experience in doing sth：在……方面的经验
7. As with sports teams, group work can only be successful when group members respect, help and support each other, while the work division is clear and each member performs at the right level in the role that is most suitable to him or her.
正如运动队一样，小组活动只有在相互尊重，相互帮助相互支持的情况下才能取得成功，
与此同时，小组分工要明确，每个成员都能在最适合他们的角色上发挥正常的水平。

as with：正如……一样
8. Teams require leaders, and people who create ideas, who develop ideas, and people whose role it is to comment and help improve plans.
团队需要领袖人物，需要具有创造性，开拓性的人物，还要有对计划提出评议和改进意见的人。

定语从句whose role it is to comment and help improve plans修饰people，将定语从句还原应是：It is their role to comment and help improve plans.
9. People full of action and ideas are often the ones to bring new energy to the group, while people who are mainly listening and commenting are often the ones to keep an eye on procedures that must be followed.
那些富于实干和思路开阔的人常常是给小组带来活力的人，而那些主要是倾听和评论的人则常常是监管工作流程的人。

keep an eye on：照料；监管
Mary will keep an eye on the kids this afternoon.
Keep a close eye on new technology.
其他与eye相关的短语有：keep an eye out for sb. / sth.：留心注意……；in the eyes of…：在某人看来；在某人心目中
10. Rules and regulations help teams function well, but we should always guard against making teams too bureaucratic.
规章制度有利于团队功能的发挥，但是我们应当防止使团队过于官僚制度化。

guard against：防止……
11. However, that was not what she had in mind.
然而，她不是这样想的。

in mind：在脑海里，在心中。

have sb. / sth. in mind：心中有（合适的人选／想做的事）
keep sth. in mind：记住
12. Looking back, she congratulates herself on this decision.
现在回想起来，她很庆幸她的决定。

congratulates sb. on sth.：为……人表示祝贺。

congratulation oneself on sth.：为……高兴／自豪／庆幸
13. Many people tend to listen to their parents or their teachers who often have expectations that are hard to live up to.
很多人倾向于听从家长或教师的意见，但他们所期待的往往是学生难以做到的。

tend to do sth.：倾向于做……
live up to：依照……行事；作到；不辜负
Children will always live up to your expectations of them.
14. People whose learning style is to try, experiment and find their way through hands-on experience, often find that school life does not accommodate their learning style.
有些人的学习方式是尝试，实验或通过实践经验来找办法，这些人发现学校生活并不适合他们的学习方式。

15. These characteristics combine in unique ways in each person, forming personality types, each made up of different inner processes and ways of functioning
in the world.
这些特点以独特的方式在每个人身上组合成各种个性类型，每种个性类型又是由不同的内部作用和外部机能组成的。

16. Each offers gifts and processes that complement the others, contributing in
a unique way to the qualitative functioning of the whole, whether the “whole” is a team, a class, a family or a society.
每一种个性都有其才能和做事方法，对于其他个性有互补作用，并提高集体运作的质量不管这个集体是一个团队，班级，家庭还是社会。

【典型例题】
1. Do you stick ___ your friends ____ thick and thin? What is the moment for you to pull ___ a friendship ?
A. to; for; up
B. with; for; out of
C. with; through; down
D. with; through; out of
答案：D
分析：你能否与你的朋友共患难？你会在什么时候离开你的朋友？ stick with：坚持；保持；through thick and thin：同甘共苦；pull out of：从……中退出。

2. The vicar had high moral principles but he was accused ___ not ____ them.
A. of; living up to
B. to; live to
C. of; living up
D. to; live up to
答案：A
分析：那位牧师有很高的道德准则，但是他被指责没有作到这些原则。

be accused of…：被指责……；live up to：完成，作到，不辜负
3. We offered him our congratulations ____ his passing the college entrance exams.
A. to
B. for
C. on
D. of
答案：C
分析：congratulations（to sb）on sth.：就某事向某人祝贺。

4. When we plan our vacation, mother often offers ___ suggestion.
A. careful
B. practical
C. effect
D. acceptable
答案：B
分析：妈妈总会提出很使用的建议。

practical：使用的，实际的
5. I know teachers are ____ in Western China and I ___ going to the west to teach after graduation.
A. in use; feel like
B. in need; hope for
C. in demand; dream of
D. in short; am fond of
答案：C
分析：我知道中国西部需求教师，我梦想毕业后去西部教书。

sb. be in demand：……被需求；dream of doing sth.：梦想做某事
6. The child who caught a heavy cold was ___ of being infected bird flu.
A. found
B. certain
C. suspected
D. seemed
答案：C
分析：那个患感冒的孩子被怀疑感染了禽流感。

be suspected of doing…：被怀疑做
了某事．
7. ____ that man over there. He was close to terrorists.
A. Cast an eye over
B. Lay eyes on
C. Keep an eye on
D. Have an eye for
答案：C
分析：密切注意那个人，他和恐怖分子关系密切。

Keep an eye on：留神；密切注意；Cast an eye over：用眼光瞥；匆匆查看；Lay eyes on：注意到；看见；Have an eye for：对……有鉴赏力
8. Prices of daily goods __ through a computer can be low than store prices.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
答案：B
分析：通过网上买到的商品的价格比商店的商品价格低。

bought through a computer 过去分词做定语修饰daily goods
9. — What are you going to do this afternoon?
— I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film ____quite early, so we ___ to the bookstore after that.
A. finished; are going
B. finished; go
C. finishes; are going
D. finishes; go
答案：C
分析：我今天下午打算和几个朋友去看电影。

电影结束的早我们打算之后去书店。

全文描述将来的打算。

用将来时，第二空说的是一般情况。

用一般现在时。

【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择：
1. I know you’re new in this job, but ___ me and you’ll be all right.
A. stick with
B. deal with
C. do with
D. come with
2. This delegation is ____ ten teachers and forty students.
A. made into
B. made of
C. made from
D. made up of
3. You can trust him, he is a man who ___his promise.
A. speaks out
B. lives up to
C. depends on
D. keeps on
4. This advertising campaign has ____ significantly ____ the success of the new car.
A. responded to
B. compared ; to
C. led to
D. contributed to
5. — Have you heard that Tom has passed his driving test ?
— Oh! That’s great of him ! I’ll go and ____ him ____ that.
A. celebrate; for
B. admire; on
C. wish; for
D. congratulate; on
6. Few of them were ___ of what an unpleasant person he really was.
A. known
B. expected
C. aware
D. proud
7. Finnish President said Finland-China relations had progressed ___ with fruitful co-operated in new and high-tech fields.
A. peacefully
B. highly
C. quietly
D. smoothly
8. The couple only stayed together ____ the children.
A. in the hope of
B. for the sake of
C. in the name of
D. for the purpose of
9. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
10. ____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis players.
A. Having given B, To give C. Giving D. Given
二. 完型填空：
The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can 1 from a different kind of poverty of the spirit. 2 , one Western country alone now sees 14, 000 attempted suicides（自杀）every year by children under 15, and one child 3 five needs psychiatric（心理）advice.
There are many good things about 4 in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between 5 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices. 6 , the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbours working 7 and often shares in that work.
A child 8 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community’s 9 : helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies rather than 10 playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 11 playing with dolls.
These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the 12 children. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, 13 , are provided with a watch as one of the 14 signs of growing up, so that they can 15 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows...
Third World children do not usually 16 to stay indoors, still less in high rise apartments （公寓）. Instead of dangerous roa ds, “k ee p off the grass” signs and “don’t speak to strangers”, there is often a sense of 17 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 18 from ten floors up.
19 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all 20 .
1. A. come B. learn C. suffer D. survive
2. A. As usual B. For instance C. In fact D. In other words
3. A. by B. in C. to D. under
4. A. childhood B. poverty C. spirit D. survival
5. A. adults B. fathers C. neighbours D. relatives
6. A. Anyhow B. However C. Instead D. Still
7. A. away B. alone C. along D. nearby
8. A. growing up B. living through C. playing D. working
9. A. activity B. life C. study D. work
10. A. by B. from C. through D. with
11. A. and B. but C. or D. so
12. A. Eastern B. good C. poor D. Western
13. A. at any moment B. at the same time C. on the other hand D. on the whole
14. A. easiest B. earliest C. happiest D. quickest
15. A. care B. fear C. hurry D. worry
16. A. dare B. expect C. have D. require
17. A. control B. danger C. disappointment D. freedom
18. A. anxiously B. eagerly C. impatiently D. proudly
19. A. Above all B. In the end C. Of course D. What’s more
20. A. bad B. good C. rich D. poor
三. 阅读理解：
Some people believe that international sport brings about good will between the nations and that if country play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the view that sport encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the terrible incident with the number of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by those incidents caused mainly by minor national contests.
One country received its second-place medal with great anger after the hockey （曲棍球）final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the loser objecting to the final decision. They were certain that one of their goals should not have been dismissed and that the opposite side’s victory was unfair. Their manager was angry when he said, “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Society are finished.”The president of the society said later that such words could result in the pause of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they would not give away first place to Russia, after a fighting end to their contest. The game had ended in quarrel. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another beat it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. The judges discusses the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that
the result would stand. The American players then decided not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played for honor or money rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that sportsmen should compete as individual（个人）, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope
for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages dangerous nationalism.
1. According to the author, recent Olympic Games have ____.
A. brought about good will between the nations
B. made only false national pride
C. hardly showed any international friendship
D. led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred
2. What did the manager mean by saying, “…Hockey and the International Hockey Society are finished.” ?
A. His team would no longer take part in international games
B. Hockey and the society are both ruined by the unfair decision
C. There should be no more hockey matches organized by the society
D. The society should be dismissed
3. The author gave the two examples in paragraph 2 and 3 to show _____.
A. how false national pride leads to undesirable incidents in international games
B. that sportsmen have been more troublesome than they used to be
C. that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship
D. that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games
4. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved
B. Athletes should compete as individual in the Olympic Games
C. Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game
D. International contests lead to misunderstanding between nations
四. 短文改错：
While travelled to Paris on a bus, I became very sick. 1. _____
A well—dressing man on the bus helped me greatly. He 2. _____
took me off the bus, found out wher e the doctor’s office, 3. _____ and took me to there himself. The next day, he came to 4. _____ visit me. I didn’t speak French well, so I can’t talk with 5. _____ him very much. However, even if we couldn’t talk, but 6. _____ we could communicate. I communicated myself thanks 7. _____
to his great kindness, and he communicated his concern 8._____
for my healthy. Through this experience I have learned 9. ____
that communication can take place without much actual 10. ___
language at all.
试题答案
一. 单项选择：
1. A 我知道你是初次做这项工作，你跟着我很快会作好的。

stick with：与某人保持密
切联系。

2. D 这个代表团由十名教师和四十名学生组成。

be made up of：由……组成。

3. B 你可以相信他，他是一个遵守诺言的人。

lives up to：在此表示：遵守（诺言）；
4. D 广告宣传极大地促进了这款新车的成功。

contribute to：对……作出贡献；促进了……；有助于……
5. D 我要为此向他祝贺。

congratulate sb. on sth.：就某事向某人祝贺。

6. C 很少有人意识到他是一个不很快乐的人。

be aware of ….：意识到……
7. D 中芬两国关系进展很顺利。

smoothly：顺利
8. B 由于孩子的缘故夫妇俩才住在一起的。

for the sake of：为了……；出于……的
缘故。

9. D 我们跟踪的那个人突然停下来好象要看一下他走的方向是否正确。

不定式做目的状
语。

10. D 如果被给予时间的话，他会成为一流的网球高手。

Given过去分词做条件状语，
与逻辑主语he构成被动关系。

二. 完型填空：
语篇解读：本文着重阐述了发达国家和发展中国家孩子生存状况的优劣，从而指出发展
中国家的孩子的生存状况相对于发达国家来说并不是一无是处。

1. C 由前面struggle for可知。

前面写第三世界国家的孩子遭受物质贫穷，
而发达国家的孩子遭受的是精神贫乏。

2. B 根据上文写发达国家的孩子精神状况较差，后面是一个具体的事实，所以
应该用for instance（例如）。

3. B 分数表示法one child in five（五分之一）相当于one child out of five
4. A 后文用三个自然段具体描述发达国家和发展中国家的孩子的生活条件的
不同，尤其是文章最后一句话总结了全文，所以暗示此空应该选childhood。

5. A 由后文中第三世界国家的孩子与父母、亲戚和邻居的关系近。

可知此处应
选A最全面。

6. C 与发达国家的孩子形成“对比”关系。

7. D 与上文发达国家的孩子离家人远，形成对比，从而得出发展中国家的孩子
离家人近。

8. A 用分词作定语，grow up成长；live through度过，经受住；而work和
play与上下文明显不符。

9. D 此处想表明“通过参与一些公共事物（如…）孩子可以获得角色认证。

”
下文列举的为可参与的工作并且上段中提及“shares in that work”得知D项最佳。

10. C 由上一行的through可知。

Through doing sth. rather than through doing
sth
11. C 文中p1aying keeping和playing三个动名词是选择关系作through的宾语。

12. D these指上文中的发展中国家的孩子，后文仍应该与“西方”发达国家的孩子
相比较。

13. C 本题最大的干扰项为B。

由于B项含有两层意义：（1）同时；一起。

（2）然而；不过。

容易造成误解。

而on the other hand只含转折的意义，同时包含上下文的对比，故选C。

14. B 与上文发展中国家的时间观念是通过观察的相对应，所以下面写西方国家的孩子长大的“最早”标志就是（父母给他们）提供了手表，这样一来，孩子和大人们就可以一块关注下面的一系列事件的时间。

15. D 此句中school times／meal times／bed times／the times of TV shows …均为并列关系，作前面介词for的宾语。

由于是being late for …所以只能是担心，而care about是“关心，在乎，介意”之意
16. C not have to相当于needn’t，再根据still less可知，不是“不敢”，“不希望”，或“不要求”，而应是“不必要”。

17. D 由文中可知，中间三段主要讲述发展中国家孩子的优点，而选项中只有freedom是褒义的。

18. A 由于全文都是写发展中国家和发达国家孩子的生存状况，所以，发展中国家的孩子的父母可以在外面看着孩子而不像发达国家的父母在十几层的高楼上焦急地看着孩子在楼下玩。

19. C 前面都写的是发展中国家孩子的好处，而下面写的是每年都有一千二百万5岁以下的发展中国家的孩子死于饥饿和疾病，所以上下文之间应该是一种转折关系。

above all首先；in the end最后；What’s more更糟的是。

20. A 这是一句总结全文的句子，虽然发展中国家的孩子有那么多的不利情况，但是也有某些优势，所以说第三世界的孩子生活“并不都”是坏的。

三. 阅读理解：
1. C 此题考察作者的观点。

从第一段第四行in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sport encourages international brotherhood.可以看出：近几年的奥运会比赛几乎很少能支持体育比赛能促进国际间友情的观点。

2. B 注意此句在第二段中的背景：in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sport encourages international brotherhood. 败方教练认为裁判不公平，才发此牢骚。

3. C 在第四段首句对第二，三段中的两个事例作了总结：Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played for honor or money rather than for the love of the game. 仅仅为了荣誉或金钱而不是出于比赛中的友爱而过度竞争才常常导致这些不愉快的事件发生。

这种竞争不利于国际间的友谊。

4. A 此题考察对全文的总结。

根据最后一段最后一句可以得出结论：奥运会组织工作急需改进
四. 短文改错：
1. traveled→traveling
2. well-dressing→well-dressed
3. office后加was
4. 去掉me后面的to
5. can’t→couldn’t
6. 去掉but
7. myself→my 8. to→for
9. healthy→health 10. √。