英语论文讲座8

8.1.3 Tense used in discussing theory or philosophy
• You may use both the present tense and the past tense to have a discussion about works of theory and philosophy. If the present tense is used, the discussion indicates that a given work continues the same ideas.
Chapter 8
Grammar, Authorial Voice and Tone in Research Paper
Points to learn in this lesson
﹡ Tenses in writing research paper ﹡ Verb voice in writing research paper ﹡ Authorial voice in writing research paper ﹡ Tone in writing research paper
8.1 Tense
When we talk about grammar, we cannot but take verb tense into consideration. Tenses used in the research paper are mainly connected with past and present ones. You move back and forth between the two. But you must decide about which to use according to certain scientific ethics and established conventions.
(3) The teacher conducted the classroom activities through deliberate tasks in the experimental class---Class 024
8.1.2 Tense used in describing literature
Example
The result of a experiment
Under the control of saw tooth wave, the VCO continuously generated linear scanning signals, which were transmitted through circulator and antenna. When the signals arried at the object surface, the reflected echo wave appeared, which was got by receiving antenna and then retransmitted into the mixer through the circulator.
E.g. Mark Jinkind has demonstrated that this novel has a so complicated content, and involves so many fields that cannot generalize it with one theme or one conclusion.
When you describe the author’s actions in creating a literary work, usually you can also employ the present tense. e.g. Andersen describes nature and characters’ psychology by using exquisite language (From Sample Paper 2, p.163)
• Thus, you should use the present tense to report or quote others’ published publications so as to show your respect for them and employ the past tense to present your own study.
We shall discuss tense from the following aspects
1. Tense used in applied-science study 2. Tense used in describing literature 3. Tense used in discussing theory or philosophy 4. Tense used in reporting research results 5. Tense used in writing a literary review
( V C O abbr.Vector-Controlled Oscillator 航向控制振荡器)
Conclusion
LFMCW radar level gauge has been applied widely in the industry process. Note that the measure resolution and precision are affected by the nonlinear frequency modulation. One solution is proposed in this paper. Now the design task has been finished, and the debugging and testing of the circuit is gong on.
8.1.1 Tense used in applied-science study
When you report a scientific achievement or quote a quotation from your source material, you should following some rules. ―According to the scientific ethics, once a paper (or a book) is formally published, it has become established knowledge while your present study before its publication is not regarded as accepted knowledge.‖ ( Wen Qioufang, 2001:341)
8.2 Verb Voice
• Voice, in grammar, refers to the form of the verb which shows whether the subject of a sentence acts or is acted on. • In English transitive verbs have two voices: active and passive. In the active voice the actor is the subject of the sentence, whereas in the passive voice, the object or the receiver of the action is the subject.
You should narrate events in literary works in the present tense to indicate that multiple experiences of reading serve to report the section. e.g.
After his causal account of his previous sexual experience, Tess feels that Angel’s wrong doing is just the same as her own. (From Sample Paper )
E.g.
She was portrayed by most critics as native, accepting figure with strong concerns about living up to prescribe social principles for a respectable woman.
( From Sample Paper 10, p.228-229)
8.1.4 Tense used in reporting ort the results of research in your paper, you should use the past tense to describe the result of a particular experiment, but use the present tense to make generalizations and reach conclusions.
(From Sample Paper 4, pp.181-182)
8.1.5. Tense used in writing a literary review
In a review of literature, you may use either the past tense or the present perfect tense to summarize your findings.
Examples
(1) RST proposed in 1982 by Z. Pawlak, has now become a hot spot in the fields of knowledge discovery, decision analysis, artificial intelligence and intelligent control . (2) Nunan (1989) defences the task-based approach as “any classroom work which involves learners in comprehending …
Example
On the contrary, they cooperate and help readers think over such a philosophic idea—nothing good can stay, which means everything changes in the universe just as Mao Zedoing puts it in his On Contradiction.
线性调频连续波雷达液位计广泛应用在工业过程。
• Results and analysis The data collected from both the pre-test and post-test were analyzed via SPSS for windows on computer.
• Finding can be made as follows: Task-based approach has exerted a positive influence on student’s reading performance.