大学英语读写译4 试题五

Part ⅠWriting （20 points）
Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to write an essay entitled On Volunteer. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 现在越来越多的人加入志愿者的队伍
2. 自愿者的意义
3. 我的看法
P artⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) （10 points）Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet . For questions 1-8, choose the best
answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For statements
9-10, make a True/False response.
The Man Who Wrote His Own Obituary
Mark Waters
Cigarettes were the death of me. I became acquainted with my killer when I was 14 and began stealing several a day from my father’s pack.
Smoking caused some nausea at first, but persistence conquered.
I was born in Davenport, Iowa, on June 2,1909.
At 16, I moved with my family, including two sisters, to Baltimore, a city that I loved and adopted as my hometown.
It was still no problem getting cigarettes.
I got odd jobs after school to buy them, and tried all sorts of brands, such as Melachrinos, Omars and English Ovals. I felt quite sophisticated, but I can’t recall now that I enjoyed smoking them.
In 1928, the coming depression cast its shadow. With money scarce, my father began counting his Camels, so a friend and I took to picking butts off the street. We toasted the tobacco in an oven and rolled it into rice-paper cigarettes. They were horrible.
Jobs for youth were hard to find, so I decided to join the Navy --- a mouth removed form the table, and I could send money home.
Now cigarettes were on problem. If you were at sea, they were 4 cents a pack. I smoked two packs a day, drawing in most of the smoke.
When my 20-year Navy career ended, I went to the University of North Carolina. After I graduated I got a job in San Diego.
One night, while walking to my car, I had a slight stroke and staggered to the left. I had been smoking one cigarette after another that night, and I felt that that was what caused it.
My wife, Muriel , and I tried to quit. We lasted eight days.
It wasn’t that I got any real pleasure out of smoking. Except for the first cigarette in the morning with my coffee, I never enjoyed it.
My mouth always tasted nasty. Smoking took away my appetite. It brought on emphysema that made it hard to breathe.
In 1956, smoking more than ever, I came to Honolulu to work for a local newspaper.
In June 1965 my stomach began hurting, and I would get up every hour or half hour during the night to drink milk and smoke a cigarette.
In September 1965 I came down with a horrible cough. I was hoarse, and there was a nasty soreness in my left lung.
I went to my doctor. He listened to my chest and ordered an X-ray.
“You have a lung tumor ,”he said.
Four days later, the lung surgeon took out a left lobe.
A month later, I was back at work. I hadn’t smoked since the day before my operation. It wasn’t hard to quit ----- for one simple reason . Motivation .
I came along fine, gained ten pounds and really felt good. Then, on January 3, I thought I had caught a cold.
I went to my surgeon, who tapped a quart of fluid from my left chest cavity.
I went back several times, and my surgeon said, “The time is drawing closer.”
Later, my wife told me he had told her after the operation that I had less than a year to live. But she wouldn’t believe it, and she didn’t tell me. I find no fault with that.
There are four cell types of lung cancer. The type seems to have a lot to do with its rate of growth. My doctor told me this; he also said that out of every 20 lung-cancer cases only one survives. The other 19 die.
That’s the survival rate for lung cancer., taking into consideration all available forms of treatment. There is no 50-50 chance --- the figure for other cancers ---- for this type of cancer.
My doctor is enthusiastic about getting people to quit cigarettes. He says that there ’s no question of the relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. The statistics are overwhelming. It is estimated that one in every eight males who have been smoking heavily(20 cigarettes or more a day) for 20 years gets lung cancer.
The bad effect of cigarettes doesn’t end with lung cancer. Smoking doubles the chances of death from heart disease, and the chances of dying from emphysema are 12 times greater.
I think doctors get to feeling pretty helpless at times. They warn people like me, but all their warnings go unheeded.
And there’s all that cigarette advertising. As my doctor says, “Millions of dollars are spent in all forms of advertising to give the public the impression that cigarettes can make up for a number of shortcoming.”
In Italy and Great Britain they have passed a ban against all cigarette advertisement on TV. I think that’s a step in the right direction because, as the doctor says, the big effort should be to stop kids from getting started.
Whether this story will stop anyone from smoking, I don’t know. I doubt it. Not a soul I’ve preached to has quit smoking ---- not a single soul.
You always think: “It will happen to the other guy; never to me.”
But when you get your lung cancer ---- God help you.
All you need to see is that shadow on your chest X-ray. It’s a real shocker. You can’t do a thing.
At this point, I’m very short of breath. I can’t take five steps without having to sit. The cancer has gone into my liver and I don’t know where else.
I don’t have a ghost of a chance.
It’s too late for me.
It may not be for you.
1.In which year did the author begin smoking?
A. 1909
B. 1928
C. Not specified.
D. 1923
2. He said he ____________________________.
A. enjoyed smoking
B. didn’t enjoy smoking
C. liked only certain brands
D. didn’t like cigars
3. During the depression, he ____________________________________.
A. had enough money to buy cigarettes.
B. picked butts off the streets.
C. stole cigarettes from his father
D. stopped smoking
4. How many people were persuaded out of smoking by the author?
A. One.
B. two.
C. Three.
D. None.
5. His first operation was for ______________________________.
A. cancer of the throat
B. a lung tumor
C. a bleeding ulcer
D. a collapsed lung
6. Out of every 20 cases of lung cancer, how many people can survive?
A. One.
B. two.
C. Three.
D. Five.
7. His wife was told _________________________________.
A. he was going to die
B. he need a change of climate
C. he had a chance to live
D. he needed outdoor work
8. Which of the following statements is Not true?
A. There is still some hope that the author might survive.
B. The author’s wife smokes too.
C. Cigarette advertisements on TV are forbidden in some European countries.
D. The chances of death from heart disease for smokers are twice as great as those for nonsmokers.
9. _______________ At 14, I moved with my family, including two sisters, to Baltimore.
10. ______________When my 20-year Navy career ended, I went to the university of North Carolina.
Part ⅢReading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（30 points）
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please choose the corresponding letter for each blank. You may not use any of the words in the blank more than once.
In his essay George Orwell 11 by citing Bernard Shaw’s remark that people are more 12 today than they were in the Middle Ages. They 13 accept the opinion of experts without asking
any questions themselves. Obviously Shaw 14 just in order to prove his point that we should not always 15 the theories of well-known 16 . Rather, we should 17 finding out some things for ourselves. By way of illustration, Orwell 18 arguments against the Flat Earth and the Oval Earth theories, thus 19 the fact that much of our knowledge actually 20 authority rather than on reasoning or in experiment. Finally, Orwell draws his conclusion that ours is a credulous age partly because we have such an exceptionally heavy burden of knowledge.
Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet
Passage One
The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like "I never do anything right" into positive ones like "I can succeed." But was positive thinking dvocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."
Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of
negative
thinking.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

21. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?
A) It is a highly profitable industry.
B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
D) It has yielded positive results.
22. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
A) Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good.
B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
C) Unhappy people cannot think positively.
D) The power of positive thinking is limited.
23. What does the author mean by "… you're just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para. 3)?
A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
24. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?
A) It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem.
B) Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to one's mood.
C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.
D) People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.
25. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A) The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.
B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.
C) Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.
D) People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.
Passage Two
Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.
Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a di vorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of
social networks have similar effects.
So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

26. William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________.
A) social life provides an effective cure for illness
B) be ing sociable helps improve one’s quality of life
C) women benefit more than men from marriage
D) marriage contributes a great deal to longevity
27. Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________.
A) older men should quit smoking to stay healthy
B) marriage can help make up for ill health
C) the married are happier than the unmarried
D) unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life
28. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _________.
A) the disadvantages of being married
B) the emotional problems arising from marriage
C) the responsibility of taking care of one’s family
D) the consequence of a broken marriage
29. What does the author say about social networks?
A)They have effects similar to those of a marriage.
B) They help develop people’s community spirit.
C) They provide timely support for those in need.
D) They help relieve people of their life’s burdens.
30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A) It’s important that we develop a social network when young.
B) To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.
C) Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.
D) We should share our social networks with each other.
PartⅣCloze (20 points)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) on the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet
The term e-commerce refers to all commercial transactions conducted over the Internet, including transactions by consumers and business-to-business transactions. Conceptually, e-commerce does not 31 from well-known commercial offerings such as banking by phone, "mail order" catalogs, or sending a purchase order to supplier 32 fax. E-commerce follows the same model 33 in other business transactions; the difference 34 in the details.
To a consumer, the most visible form of e-commerce consists 35 online ordering. A customer begins with a catalog of possible items, 36 an item, arranges a form of payment, and 37 an order. Instead of a physical catalog, e-commerce arranges for catalogs to be 38 on the Internet. Instead of sending an order on paper or by telephone, e-commerce arranges for orders to be sent 39 a computer network. Finally, instead of sending a paper representation of payment such as a check,e-commerce 40 one to send payment information electronically.
In the decade 41 1993, e-commerce grew from an 42 novelty ( 新奇事物) to a mainstream business influence. In 1993, few 43 had a web page, and 44 a handful allowed one to order products or services online. Ten years 45 , both large and small businesses had web pages, and most 46 users with the opportunity to place an order. 47 , many banks added online access, 48 online banking and bill paying became 49 . More importantly, the value of goods and services 50 over the Internet grew dramatically after 1997.
31. A) distract C) differ
B) descend D) derive
32. A) with C) from
B) via D) off
33. A) appeared C) resorted
B) used D) served
34. A) situates C) roots
B) lies D) locates
35. A) on C) for
B) of D) to
36. A) reflects C) protects
B) detects D) selects
37. A) sends in C) stands for
B) puts out D) carries away
38. A) visible C) feasible
B) responsible D) sensible
39. A) beside C) beyond
B) over D) up
40. A) appeals C) advocates
B) admits D) allows
41. A) after C) until
B) behind D) toward
42. A) optional C) occasional
B) invalid D) insignificant
43. A) communities C) corporations
B) corps D) compounds
44. A) largely C) solely
B) slightly D) only
45. A) lately C) late
B) later D) latter
46. A) offered C) equipped
B) convinced D) provided
47. A) Instead C) However
B) Nevertheless D) Besides
48. A) and C) but
B) or D) though
49. A) different C) widespread
B) flexible D) productive
50. A) acquired C) practiced
B) adapted D) proceeded
PartⅤTranslation (20 points)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet by translation into English the Chinese
given in brackets.
51. Bill is a mature young man who _________________________________( 不在依赖)his parents for decisions.
52. He __________________________(花了许多时间准备)for his math exam. Hence he was somewhat disappointed to learn that he got only a B.
53.（依靠工人们的智慧）_________________________________, the engineers invented a new production method that led to increased productivity.
54.Next Tuesday is __________________________________（交论文的最后期限）,but most students have hardly made a dent in the work so far.
55. The company claims that it___________________________ （不是它造成的）for the pollution in the river.
56. I’m convinced that, __________________________（与期望相反）, the so-called informed decision will bring very grave consequence.
57. He had ____________________________（表明了自己的立场）before it was openly debated.
58. After her husband died, she had to ___________________________________ (挑起经济重担)of raising five children by herself.
59. One of the best ways to__________________________________(证明或驳斥某个论点) is to cite examples from your own experience.
60.By the time I got home, all my energy______________________________.（精神力气好像一点儿都没有了）。