Unit 4 重点单词 重点短语总结讲义-2022-2023学年高一英语外研版(2019)必修第二册

必修二-外研版-Unit 4 重点单词+重点短（总结）
1.appealing .adj.有吸引力的，有趣的→appeal vi.＆n.吸引；呼吁；恳求；上诉find...appealing 觉得······有吸引力
be appealing to sb. 对某人有吸引力
an appealing sense of humour 吸引人的幽默感
appealing design 造型美丽；造型优美
appeal to 吸引，对······有吸引力；引起······的兴趣；呼吁；上诉
appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事
appeal to sb.for help 向某人求助
make an appeal to sb. for help 呼吁／恳求某人帮助
have no appeal for sb. 对某人没有吸引力
appeal court 上诉法院
appeal against 提出上诉
2.definitely .adv.确切地，肯定地→definite adj.明确的；确切的；肯定的
definitely need sth. 肯定需要某物
be definitely worth a visit 绝对值得一游
be definitely worth doing... 绝对值得
Definitely！（口）当然！
Definitely not！（口）当然不！
give sb. a definite answer 给某人一个明确的答复
fix a definite date 定一个确切的日期
be definite about... 对······有把握
3.rude .adj.粗鲁的，无礼的→rudely .adv.无礼地，粗暴地→rudeness .n.粗鲁；无礼be rude to sb. 对某人粗鲁／无礼
appear／sound rude 显得／听起来粗鲁
be rude in manners = be in a rude manner 举止粗鲁
a rude comment/remark 粗鲁的评论／话
It is rude （of sb.）to do sth. （某人）做某事是粗鲁的。

Be polite to sb. 对某人有礼貌
be kind to sb. 对某人友好
4.the number of... ····的数量
*对比：the number of/a number of
·the number of······的数量，修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
·a number of许多的，大量的，修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

*其他表数量很多的短语有：
·修饰可数名词：a great／good many，quite a few;
·修饰不可数名词：a great deal of，a large amount of;
·修饰可数或不可数名词：a lot of，lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of。

5.transport .n.交通运输系统，运输方式vt. 运输；运送
air/rail/road transport 空中／铁路／公路运输
a means of transport 一种交通方式
public transport 公共交通，公共交通工具
travel on/by public transport 乘坐公共交通工具出行
have one's own transport 有自己的交通工具
transport...( from...)to...
对比：
·transport指运输的行为或交通工具；
·traffic 指路上行驶的车辆，如heavy traffic拥挤的交通。

6.arrangement .n.安排，筹划→arrange .vt. ＆vi.安排，筹划
make arrangements／an arrangement（for）（为·····）做安排
arrive at/come to an arrangement 谈妥，达成协议
travel/financial/wedding arrangements 旅行／财务／婚礼安排
an arrangement between the school and the parents 学校和家长的一项约定
arrange for sth. 安排某事
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange for sb.to do sth. 安排某人做某事
“安排某人做某事”不能说成arrange sb.to do sth.
7.disappointed .adj.失望的，沮丧的→Disappoint .vt.使失望→disappointing .adj.令人失望的→Disappointment .n.失望
be disappointed at／by sth. 对某事感到失望
be disappointed with/in sb. 对某人感到失望
be disappointed to do sth. 因做某事而感到失望
be disappointed that... 因······而感到失望
bitterly/deeply/terribly disappointed 极为失望
a disappointing result/performance 一个令人失望的结果／演出
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
in disappointment 失望地
8.live up to 符合（标准），不负（盛名）
live up to one's expectations 不辜负某人的期待
live up to one’s promise 履行诺言
live through 经历······而幸存
live with 忍受
live a（n）...life 过着······的生活
live on 继续活着或存在；仅以······为主食
9.extent .n.程度
to some extent (=to a certain extent/to an extent）在某种程度上
to what extent 在多大程度上
to a great／large extent 在很大程度上
to a greater extent 在更大程度上
to such an extent that.../to the extent that... 达到如此程度，以至于······／达到······的程度
10. in one's own right 凭借自身，靠自己in one's own right= on one's own
be in the right （在别人的争论中）有理
have the right to do sth. 有权利做某事
have no right to do sth. 无权利做某事
have a right to be angry/concerned 有理由生气／担心
11.original .adj.原先的,最初的；原作的；新颖的；独创的；独特的→origin .n.起源；起因；出身；来历→originally .adv.起初
the original plan 原先的计划
the original owner 原主人
the original work 原著
the original meaning of the word 这个单词的本义
an original idea 独到的见解
a highly original design 非常独特的设计
in origin 在来源上
place of origin 原产地
12．turn to 转向；求助于；致力于
turn to sb.for help/advice 向某人求助／寻求建议
turn to improving air quality 致力于提高空气质量
turn to the left／right 向左／右拐
turn around／round 转身；扭头
turn up 调高（音量等）；出现，到来
turn down 调低（音量等）；拒绝
turn on 打开（水、煤气、电灯等）
turn off 关掉（水、煤气、电灯等）
turn out 结果是，证明是
turn one’s back on 对······置之不理，对······撒手不管
turn against （使）与······为敌，（使）反对
turn in 上交······
13.awkward .adj.紧张的；不舒适的→awkwardly .adv.令人尴尬地；笨拙地→awkwardness . n.
难堪
an awkward child 笨拙的孩子
an awkward excuse 拙劣的借口
an awkward situation 尴尬的境遇
an awkward question 棘手的问题
an awkward instrument 使用不便的工具
an awkward customer难对付的家伙
feel awkward 感到尴尬
be awkward with 与······一起感到不自在
be awkward at／in 在······方面技巧拙劣
14.behave .v.表现behaviour → .n. (=behavior）行为；举止→well-behaved adj.举止良好的behave（very）badly towards／to 对······（很）不礼貌
behave well 举止良好
behave properly 举止得体
behave like＋n.／pron. 表现得像······
behave as if／though＋从句表现得好
behave oneself 举止得体，行为规矩
拓展：
social behaviour 社会行为
consumer behaviour 消费者行为
15.normal .adj.正常的，平常的n.通常标准；常态→normally .adv.正常地；通常→abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的
It is normal (for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是正常的。

above/below normal 正常标准之上／之下
return to／be back to normal 恢复正常
under normal circumstances 一般情况下
比较：common/ordinary/usual/normal/regular
·common指“共有的，公共的；共同的；常见的”。

反义词为rare。

common作“普通的”讲时可与ordinary换用。

如ordinary people“普通人”也可以说成common people。

common还可用作名词，have...in common with sb.意为“与某人有······共同之处”；
·ordinary 意为“普通的，平淡无奇的”，指没有什么特别的地方；
·usual 意为“平常的，通常的，一向的”，含惯例之意；
·normal意为“正常的”；
·regular意为“有规律的，定期的”。

16. responsibility .n.责任→responsible .adj.有责任的，负责的→responsibly .adv.负责地
→irresponsible .adj.不负责任的
a sense of responsibility 责任感
have responsibility for (doing) sth. 有（做）某事的责任
take responsibility for(doing)sth. 对（做）某事负责；承担（做）某事的责任
take full responsibility for 承担······的全部责任
the responsibility to do sth. 做某事的责任
be responsible for 对······负责；是······的原因
对比：be responsible for/be responsible to
·be responsible for sth.／sb. 对······负责
·be responsible to sb. 向（主管者或上级）承担责任
It is one＇s responsibility to do sth.做某事是某人的职责。

17.absence .n.缺乏，没有→absent .adj.缺席的；心不在焉的
in／during one’s absence 在某人不在时
in the absence of 因缺乏······
absence from 缺乏，没有；不在······
拓展：
intelligent adj.→intelligence n.
different adj.→difference n.
confident adj.→confidence n.
present adj. → presence n.
be absent from 缺席······
absent-minded .adj. 心不在焉的
18.energetic .adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的，积极的→energy n.精力，活力
be energetic in doing sth. 积极做某事
an energetic tennis player 一位精力充沛的网球选手
feel energetic 觉得精力充沛
（be）full of energy［＝（be）energetic］精力充沛
have the energy to do sth. 有精力做某事
pply/devote one's energies to 把某人的精力花在······上
19.edge .n.边缘
on the edge of one’s seat 极为激动(字面义就是“在椅子的边缘”，但它有引中义。

在观看电影、戏剧或比赛时，什么情况下会让你坐在椅子的边缘？当然是心情非常激动时)
on edge 紧张不安，烦躁
at the edge of 在······的边缘
·at the edge of 不特指在物体的表面之上
·on the edge of 指在物体的表面之上，也指某事快要发生（尤指不好的事情）。

at the edge of water 在水边
on the edge of a cliff 在悬崖边上
20.emotion .n.强烈的情感→emotional .adj.情绪上的；情感上的→emotionally .adv.情绪上地；情感上地
full of emotion 充满感情
a mixture of emotions 百感交集
express mixed emotions 表达复杂的感情
emotional harm 情感伤害
emotional shock 情感上的打击
emotional experience 情感经历
emotional support 情感支柱
emotionally damaged children 感情上受伤害的孩子
21.anger . n.愤怒，怒火vt.激怒→angry .adj.生气的→angrily .adv.生气地
in anger 生气地
show one’s anger 发泄怒气
hold back one’s anger 抑制某人的怒火
be filled with anger = be full of anger 满腔怒火
to one’s anger 使某人生气的是
contain／control one’s anger 强压怒火
anger sb. 激怒某人
be angry with／at sb. 生某人的气
be angry at／about sth. 因为某事而生气
22.grief .n.悲痛→grieve .vt.&vi.悲痛，苦恼
with grief 悲痛地
be overcome with grief 悲痛欲绝
control one’s grief 抑制某人的悲痛
come to grief 遭受不幸，失败，被毁
Good grief！哎呀！天哪！
bine .v.（使）结合，（使）组合→combined .adj. 结合的，联合的→combination .n. 结合，联合
combine A with/and B 把A和B结合起来
combine with 与······结合
combine against 联合起来反对··.···
combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事
in combination with 与······结合／联合
*combine意为“使两个或两个以上的事物组合（结合）在一起”，为避免语意重复，句子中不再用into，together等表示“聚合”的介词或副词。

combine...with 中的with不能用to代替。

24.tick all the right boxes 事情发展如人所愿，一切顺利
*从本义来看，tick all the right boxes 表示“在所有正确的方框内打钩”，延伸开来，说明所有的事情都非常正确、顺顺利利。

25.grateful .adj.感谢的，感激的→gratefully .adv.感激地；感谢地
be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事而感激某人
be grateful to do sth. 因做某事而感激
be grateful that... 感激···..·
-I would be grateful if you could／would... =I would appreciate it if you could/would...
-如果你能······我将感激不尽。

（用于提出请求）
be thankful to sb.for（doing）sth. 为（做）某事感谢某人
26.extremely .adv.极度，极其→extreme .adj.极度的
Extremely cold/dangerous 极其寒冷的／危险的
Extremely useful 非常有用；极有用的
Extremely high 非常高的
Extremely anxious 非常焦虑
Extremely painful 极度疼痛／痛苦的
Extremely difficult 极其困难的
Extreme sports 极限运动
Extreme care／caution 极其小心
Extreme weather 极端的天气
Extreme circumstances 极端情况
拓展：extreme熟词生义：n.极端；极限
go to extremes 走极端
in the extreme 极度，非常
27.overcome .v.控制（感情），克服（困难）
Overcome difficulties/bad habits 克服困难／改掉恶习
Overcome the fear 克服恐惧
Overcome disadvantages 克服劣势
Overcome obstacles 克服障碍
Overcome injury 战胜伤痛
be overcome with emotions/excitement/ horror/grief 因情感／兴奋／恐怖／悲伤而不能自持
28.absorbed .adj.专心致志的→absorb .vt.吸收；使并入；承受；理解；使全神贯注→absorbing .adj.引人入胜的
be absorbed in ＝absorb oneself in 全神贯注于······，被······吸引
seem totally/completely absorbed in 似乎完全被······吸引
*“全神贯注于／专心于”的表达法：
focus/concentrate on
focus/fix/concentrate one's mind/attention on
keep one's mind on
lose oneself in (=be lost in)
bury oneself in (=be buried in)
put one's heart into
devote oneself to
apply oneself to
29.absolutely .adv.完全地，绝对地→absolute .adj.绝对的；完全的
absolutely impossible 绝对不可能
absolutely right 完全正确
absolutely necessary 绝对必要
have absolutely no experience 完全没有经验
Absolutely！（口）正是！当然！
Absolutely not！（口）绝对不行！当然不！
30. (be) based on... 以······为基础／根据
an economy based on farming. 以农业为基础的经济
（be）based on fact. 以事实为基础
base...in... 以···为据点；把（总部等）
*base还可用作名词，意为“底部；基础；基地”。

at the base of 在······底部；在······基础上
have a broad base of the masses 有广泛的群众基础
return to the air base 返回空军基地
31.brief .adj.短暂的→ briefly .adv.简要地；短暂地
make a brief speech 作简短的演说
a brief visit 短暂的访问
a brief stay短暂的停留
a brief silence暂时的沉默
a brief title一个简短的标题
a brief description 简要的描述
拓展：
briefly speaking ＝to be brief＝in brief 简言之
--In brief／To be brief／Briefly speaking，he was happy with the result.
-简言之，他对结果很满意。

in short 总之，简言之
in summary 总之，概括来说
in general 总的来说
in a word 总之，简言之
all in all 总的说来
on the whole 总的来说
32．all too often 时常，经常是
*all too often 又作only too often。

--All too often，doctors are too busy to explain the treatment to their patients.
-有很多时候，医生忙得没时间对他们的病人解释治疗方法。

拓展：
quite／very often 经常
every so often 有时，偶尔
as often as not (= more often than not) （口语）通常，往往，一贯
It’s not often（that）... ······不是常事。

33.result in 结果为；导致
as a result 结果，因此
as a result of 由于······
·He made one big mistake. As a result, he lost his job.-他犯了一个大错，结果丢了工作。

·He lost his job as a result of making one big mistake.-他由于犯了一个大错而丢了工作。

·His illness resulted from the cold weather.-他的病是天气寒冷所致。

·The cold weather resulted in his illness. -天气寒冷致使他生病了。

34.escape .v.（从危险或糟糕的处境中）逃离，逃避，摆脱n.逃脱；逃走
escape from／to 逃离／逃往
escape from prison 越狱逃跑
escape out of a burning house 从燃烧着的房子里逃出来
narrowly escape 差点没逃脱
escape being punished 逃脱被惩罚
escape death 死里逃生
escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意；被某人忽视
have a narrow escape 死里逃生
make one’s escape 逃跑
*熟词生义：escape .vi.（气体、液体等）漏出.vt.被忘掉，被忽视，未被注意（不用于被动语态）
prevent heat escaping 阻止热气跑掉
35.aspect .n.方面
an important aspect. 一个重要方面.
in this／that aspect 在这／那方面
in many aspects 在许多方面
in every aspect (of sth.)/in all aspects (of sth.）在（······的）各个方面
from every aspect 从各个方面
36.(be)full of confidence 充满信心
(be)full of grief 充满悲痛
(be)full of pain 充满痛苦
(be)full of excitement 满怀激动
(be)full of energy 充满活力
(be)full of anger 充满怒气
(be)full of attraction 充满魅力
(be)full of ambition 充满野心
(be)full of freshness 充满新鲜感／生机
be full of＝be filled with 充满······
37.get across 解释清楚，传达，使······被理解
get the situation across to them. 给他们把形势讲清楚
Your meaning didn't really get across. 你的意思并未真正被（别人）理解。

get rid of 摆脱；除掉
get away(from...) （从······）脱离，逃脱（····.·）
get down to(doing) sth. 开始做某事；开始认真注意某事
get in 到达；收割
get out（of...）（从······）出去；离开；逃脱
get hold of 抓住；理解
get on/along well with... 与······相处得好，（事情）进展顺利
get over 从······中恢复；克服（困难）
get through 完成；接通电话
38.transform .v.使改观，使变形，使转化→transformation .n.转变，转化
transform... (from sth.) into... 把….（从….）变为…..
transform...with... 用······改变······
transform the old train station into an art gallery 把旧火车站改造成一个艺术画廊transform the British entertainment industry 改变英国的娱乐产业
transform your bedroom 使你的卧室焕然一新
transform my life 改变我的一生
39.incredible .adj.难以置信的
an incredible story 一个不可思议的故事
at an incredible speed 以难以置信的速度
an incredible amount of 极大量的
It＇s incredible that...＝It＇s unbelievable that... ······难以置信。

It seems incredible that... ······似乎难以置信。

incredible＝unbelievable 难以置信的。