专题04 Sharing讲-2016-2017学年高二英语同步课堂选修

高一英语同步精品
选修7
Unit 4 Sharing
一、重点词汇
考点1．relevant adj. 有关的；切题的
【教材原句】Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students,…有时候我想知道化学与这些学生多么相关，…….
【例句研读】
①His nationality isn't______ to whether he is a good lawyer.
他的国籍跟他是不是一个好律师不相关。

②What you say is not relevant to the matter in hand.
你所说的与目前这件事______。

③Don't care about the irrelevant remarks.
不要在乎这些不相关的言论。

【答案】(1) relevant (2) 无关③irrelevant
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
1完成句子
What you say ________________________ what we're talking about.
你所说的事与我们谈论的话题毫无关系。

2.语法填空
Topics for conversation should be relevant ________ the experiences and interests of the students.
【答案】1. has no relevance to 2. to
考点2．adjust vt. & vi. 调整，使适合
【教材原句】The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.
小屋内很黑，因此眼睛要过一阵才能适应过来。

【例句研读】
(1) In contrast, many of the people who became disabled learned to___ ____ their new disabilities…
与此相反，许多残疾人学会了适应他们的新残疾……
(2) _____________________________the college life, the more progress you will make.
你越快适应大学的生活，取得的进步也会越大
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
（1）①He adjusted himself ________ the new life.
②I have made a few ________ (adjust) to the design.
（2）完成句子
①Creating a beautiful life requires that you (should) make some___________．
创造美丽人生，你需要做出一些调整。

②After Nigel left his academic post and went into business, it took him
quite a while ________________ the competitive environment.
奈杰尔弃学从商后，过了很长时间他才适应了那种竞争激烈的环境
【答案】（1）①to ②adjustments (2) ①adjustments ②to adjust to
考点3．participate vi.参与，参加；分享，分担
【教材原句】As you laugh, the muscles participating in the laugh become active.
当你笑的时候，参与笑的肌肉会活跃起来。

【例句研读】
(1) Everyone in the class in expected ____ ____ ____the discussion.
希望全班同学参加讨论。

(2) I don't want to participate in the English party.
我不想_____英语晚会
【答案】 (1) to participate in (2) 参加
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
①We want to encourage students to participate fully ________ the running of the college.
②His ________ (participate) in the game added to our confidence.
考点4．otherwise conj.否则；不然 adv.用别的方法；其他方面 adj.别的，另外的；不同的
【教材原句】The children must have got lost in the woods, otherwise, they could have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
孩子们一定在树林里迷路了，要不然他们会按计划到湖边的宿营地的。

【例句研读】
①We'll go early，_____ we may not get a seat.
我们得早点去，要不然就没有座位了。

②I was ill that day，otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet.
那天我病了，______我会去参加运动会的。

③He is rich，but ______an unhappy man.
他有钱，但在其他方面是个不幸福的人。

【答案】①otherwise ②否则③otherwise
【易错提示】
otherwise 后面的分句中常用虚拟语气。

We didn't know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand.
我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。

He is old and sick，otherwise he would be working.
他老了也生病了，否则他会工作的。

【即时巩固】
①Make sure the gas is turned off after a bath，which would ________cause danger.
②I was ill that day, otherwise I ________ (take) part in the sports meet.
③He is old and sick, otherwise he ________ (work) now.
【答案】①otherwise ②would have taken③would be working
考点5．donate vt.捐赠；赠送
【教材原句】Would you like to donate an unusual gift?
你想赠送一份特殊的礼物吗？
【例句研读】
① Don‘t forget to bring your driver‘s licence or another form of
identification when you_____.
当你捐款时不要忘记带上驾驶证或者其他的有效证件。

②Mr Richey makes it a rule to make a big ________to charity once a year.
里奇先生每年固定捐一大笔钱给慈善机构。

【答案】①donate ②donation
【归纳拓展】
【易混辨析】
contribute与donate
contribute与donate虽然都可以解释为“捐献”，但contribute本质上却是“提供，贡献”的意思，而donate只能用在义务捐献上，比如献血、捐衣服等。

【温馨提示】
donate常与介词to搭配，位于直接宾语前的介词to不能省略。

用法类似的词语还有：introduce sb to sb；explain sth to sb 等。

【即时巩固】
1.根据汉语完成下列句子。

⑴As a young student, he recognized that ______________required very little
work and virtually no pain while helping to save a life.
作为一名年轻学生，他承认献血不是一件艰难的事情，几乎没有疼痛却有助于挽救生命。

⑵Thanks to our Taiwan brothers, ________________ generously during Wenchuan
Earthquake, we can feel your profound friendship.
感谢在汶川大地震中慷慨解囊的台湾同胞，你们的深情厚谊我们感受到了。

2.语法填空
①Last year he ________ (donate) 100,000 dollars to cancer research.
②She made a ________ (donate) of a thousand dollars.
【答案】1.(1) donating blood （2）who donated 2. ①donated ②donation
考点6．voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的；无偿的
【教材原句】The gift you give me is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
【例句研读】
（1）All the teachers work on an entirely ____basis.
所有的这些老师都是志愿工作的。

（2）Do you wish us to deliver your purchases?
你买的东西要我们____吗？
【答案】（1）voluntary（2）送货
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
(1) He ________ (voluntary) to help those old people.
(2) we are funded by ______________.
我们的资金来源于自愿捐赠。

【答案】(1) volunteered (2) voluntary contributions
考点7．purchase vt.& n. 购买；购买的物品
【教材原句】When you purchase an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person.
当你买东西的时候，我们会寄给你一张吸引人的卡用于你送给你的特殊的人。

【例句研读】
（1）She made several _____in the dress shop.
她在服装店买了几件衣服。

（2）Do you wish us to deliver your purchases?
你买的东西要我们____吗？
（3）The ad strongly encourages people to purchase the silver coins by making a phone call.
这则广告强烈建议人们通过打电话____银币。

【答案】（1）purchases（2）送货（3）购买
【归纳拓展】
【温馨提示】
purchase作“购买，购置”讲时是不可数名词，作“买到的东西”讲时，是可数名词。

如：That hat was a good purchase.那顶帽子买得好。

He gives his son some money for the purchase of his school books.他给儿子一些钱
买教科书。

【即时巩固】
(1) The salesman fasttalked me into ________________.
这个推销员花言巧语地哄我买了他的东西。

(2) Everything was too expensive, except for a glass vase________________________．
每件东西都太贵了，只有一个玻璃花瓶他买得起。

(3)After long ________ we decided to buy that house.
【答案】(1) making a purchase (2)which he could purchase
考点8．distribution n. 分配；分发
【教材原句】The gift covers the cost of production and distribution of seedlings,…这个礼物包括生产和分发幼苗的成本，。

【例句研读】
(1) Clothes and blankets have been distributed among the refugees.
已经向难民_____衣服和毯子。

(2) The newspaper ____ ____free.
这份报纸免费散发。

【归纳拓展】
【易混辨析】
assign，distribute，divide与allocate
(1)assign指按照某种原则进行的硬性分配，不一定是公平的。

如：
They have assigned me a small room.他们已给我分配了一个小房间。

(2)distribute通常指将整体或按定量分为若干份。

如：
During the war，all foods were distributed in a planned way.在战争中，所
有的食物都按计划分配。

(3)divide普通用词，侧重将某物分成若干份后分配给他人；当某物一分为二时，含平均分配之意。

如：
This class is too large, and we shall have to divide it.
这个班太大了，我们得把它分一分。

(4)allocate主要指金钱、财产、权力或领土等的分配，侧重分配的比例和专门用途。

如： You must allocate the money carefully.
你们必须谨慎地分配钱。

【即时巩固】
1.完成句子(1) A country should have a large amount of grain in reserve to ________________ victims of natural disasters.
国家需要储备大量的粮食，以供灾难时分发给灾民
(2) 3)This kind of plant __________________throughout China.
这种植物在中国分布广泛。

2.语法填空
①We distributed the medicine ________ the patients.
②The ________ (distribute) of the natural resources is unequal.
【答案】1.(1) distribute to (2) is widely distributed 2. ①to ②distribution 考点9．operate操作，运转，开动；起作用；动手术
【教材原句】…for community primary school that operate in poor or remote villages. …在贫穷或者遥远的村庄开办的小学。

【例句研读】
(1) These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fastfood chains in the regions where it.
这些努力取得了成功，Sparrow迅速成为它经营地区的最成功的快餐连锁店之一。

(2) She was devoured with anxiety while her husband ____________________________．
当她丈夫正在接受手术治疗时，她焦虑万分。

【归纳拓展】
【易混辨析】
operate作“开刀，动手术”讲时，是不及物动词，后面如果跟宾语，应用介词on；当表示“操作，使运行，经营，管理”时是及物动词。

【即时巩固】
(1) No matter which machine ________________， he will deal with it carefully.
不管他操作哪一台机器，他都会认真对待。

(2) If the doctor ________________him earlier, he wouldn't have died.
医生要是早点儿给他动手术的话，他就不会死了。

【答案】(1) he operates (2) had operated on
二、重点短语
考点1．come across 偶然遇到或发现；碰见
【教材原句】The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.那些以前从来没有遇到过类似事情的男孩子开始跳出窗户。

【例句研读】
(1) I ____ _____an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。

(2) She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
她在抽屉里_____一些旧照片。

【答案】（1）came across（2）偶然发现
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
(1) He spoke for a long time but his meaning______________.
他讲了很长时间，但他的意思没有人真正理解。

(2) If you_______(遇见)_a mistake in reviewing the report，please bring it to my attention.
【答案】(1) did not really come across (2) come across
考点2．(be) dying to do sth. 渴望做某事
【教材原句】I know you're dying to hear all about my life here....
我知道你急于了解我在这儿的生活情况……。

【例句研读】
(1) I know you____ ____ ____ know what it is and where you can get one.
我知道你们非常想知道这是什么，从哪里可以买到。

(2) Mum was ____(die) to know what the child was going on.
【归纳拓展】
①I'm dying ________ your latest news.
②He longed ________ (return) to his hometown.
【答案】①for ②to return
考点3．in need在困难中，在危急中
【教材原句】...bring hope for a better future to a community in need.
……给急需要帮助的社区带来改善未来的希望。

【例句研读】
(1)Thousands of people donated money and food to those________．
成千上万的人们捐钱和食物给那些需要的人。

(2) We should help people in need. 我们应该帮助那些____ 帮助的人们。

【答案】(1) in need (2) 需要
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
①The poor man is ________ need of help.
②There is no need ________ (debate) with her.
考点4．the other day 不久前的一天
【教材原句】The other day I was showing the boys weekly chemistry experiment …几天前我正在向那些男孩子展示一周一次的化学实验……
【例句研读】(1) I met him in the street___ ___ ____.
几天前我在街上遇见了他。

（2）I had an odd experience the other day.
_____我有一次奇怪的经历。

【答案】(1) the other day (2) 几天前
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
1.His dog was lost ___ ___ ___.
几天前他的小狗丢了。

2.___ ___ I met him in the street.
有一天我在街上遇到了他。

【答案】1.the other day；2. One day
考点5. dry out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
【教材原句】…that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food.那个罐子被加热来烧干剩余的食物。

【例句研读】
①The plaster will have to ____ _____before you can paint the room.
待房间的灰泥干后才可以粉刷。

②Don't leave the bread on the table；it will dry out.
不要把面包放在桌上，它会_____的。

【答案】①dry out ②变干
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
1.All his clothes were wet after the heavy rain，so he couldn't go out until
his clothes________(dry) out.
2. The river dried ________ for lack of rain.
【答案】1.dried 2.up
三经典句型
考点1. not...but...
【教材原句】The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些的确有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。

【句式点拨】
句中not...but...是连词，用来连接两个并列的成分，表示“不是……而是”；当not...but连接两个并列主语时，谓语和后一个主语一致。

【例句研读】
It was a time when motorcars were rare.
那时汽车是很罕见的。

②I still remember a time when I lived in Germany.
我仍记得在德国住过的那一段时间。

③It was a time when she could not bear the pain and wanted to kill herself. 曾经有段时间她无法忍受疼痛，想结束自己的生命。

【即时巩固】
①It's not your family background ________ your working ability that decides your future.
②Not his mother but his father ________ (take) care of him when he is in hospital now.
考点2. get to＋喜好/认识
【教材原句】You asked whether I'm getting to know any local people.
你问我是否了解当地的老百姓。

【句式点拨】
get to know 开始认识，get to＋喜好/认识，表示渐变的过程。

【例句研读】
I got to realize how important the happy life was as I grew older.
随着年龄的增长，我逐渐意识到幸福生活的重要性。

②Getting to know and understand people is vital.
去了解和理解人们是至关重要的。

【即时巩固】
①I got ________ (like) the flat we were going to move in.
②He got ________ (know) why his granny kept the photo so carefully.
【答案】①to like ②to know
考点3. from where 引导的定语从句
【教材原句】We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们走了两个半小时才到了那儿。

先爬到了一座山的山顶，从那儿我们欣赏到了优美的风景，然后又沿着陡峭的山坡到了下面的山谷。

【句式点拨】
句中from where引导的定语从句修饰a ridge，关系副词where前一般不加介词，但from where却是个例外。

from where主要有以下两种用法：
(1)相当于and from there(从那儿)，用于引导非限制性定语从句。

如：
(2)相当于from the place where，可视为where前省略了the place，意思是“从……的地方，离……的地方”。

如：
【例句研读】
①He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance.
他躲在一棵树上，从那儿他可以看到远处的敌人。

②From where I stood I could see everything clearly.
从我站着的地方，一切我都看得清清楚楚。

③The school was only a few blocks from where she lived.
学校离她的住所只有几个街区的距离。

【即时巩固】
①There are many websites, from ________ you can find almost all the necessary information.
②Alice stood at the window, from ________ she could watch her classmates playing football.
③I have bought that house, ______________________the beautiful scene of Yangpu
Bridge.
我买下了那所房屋，从那里我可以欣赏到杨浦大桥的美丽风光。

考点4. what if从句
【教材原句】What if he didn't want to see her?
如要他不想见她怎么办？
【句法分析】(1)what if “如果……将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系”，为省略结构，相当于what shall we/I do if...?
(2)what if 中what 可看做是what should sb. do(某人该怎么办)或what does it matter (有什么要紧)或what would happen(将会如何)的省略。

【归纳拓展】
what 还经常用于以下省略句式中：
①Guess what? 告诉你一个消息/情况。

②I'll tell you what... 我有一个主意；我告诉你……
③So what? 那又怎么样？
④What about...? ……怎么样；……怎么办？
⑤What for? 干吗(去)；做什么用？
【例句研读】
(1) What if I should fail ? 即使我失败了又有什么关系呢？
(2) what if he doesn’t agree ?他不同意怎么办？
【即时巩固】
① ____ _____it is true?
如果这是真的又该如何呢？
②如果他现在回来怎么办？
___________________________________ ?
【答案】①What if ②What if he comes back now?
语法
一定语从句的定义和结构
1.在句中修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。

分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号与主句分开。

2.被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。

3.引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。

关系代词在定语从句中做主，宾，表语，有who, whom, whose, which, that, as
关系副词在定语从句中做状语，有when, where, why。

二关系词
（一）关系代词引导的定语从句
1、指代人的关系代词：
＊ who在从句中多做主语。

The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
＊ whom在从句中多做宾语，可省略。

The girl (whom) you just met is Cathy.
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
2、指代物的关系代词：which在从句中多做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

Later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
The fish (which) we bought this morning was not fresh.
3、既可以指代人又可指物的关系代词：
＊ that在从句中多做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything (that) they could find.
Is she the girl that sells newspapers?
＊whose既可以指代人又可物，在从句中作定语。

A number of children whose children had died in the quake were sent to live with
families in other cities.
The book whose cover is green is Tom’s.
（二）关系副词引导的定语从句
1、关系副词when在其引导的定语从句中
．．．．．．．．．．作时间状语，修饰的是表示时间的名词。

The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. This was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
2、关系副词where在其
．．．．．．．．作地点状语，修饰的是表示地点的名词。

．．引导的定语从句中
(1) 修饰表示具体地点概念的名词：
The parts of town where they had to live were decided by white people.
The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.
(2) 修饰表示抽象地点概念的名词:
We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my
own.
He got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.
Teaching is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting.
Life is a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
■思考：先行词是表示时间的名词，定语从句一定由when来引导吗？先行词是表示地点的名词，定语从句一定由where来引导吗？试比较以下两组句子：
I returned to the city __________ I visited last year. (that/ which )
I returned to the city __________ I grew up. (where)
I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together. (that/ which )
I’ll never forget the days __________ we worked together. (when )
3、关系副词why在其引导的定语从句中作原因状语，修饰的是表示原因的名词。

Can you tell me the reason why you want to leave your present employer?
（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
介词+which引导的定语从句修饰指物的名词；介词+whom引导的定语从句修饰指人的名词The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
In the dark st reet, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
I don’t like the way in which you talked to your mum. （in which可由that替代或省略）
比较下面一组句子：
I don’t like the way (in which/that) you talked to your mum.
We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful.
（四）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，若缺少，句意不完整；非限制性定语从句与关系词不太密切，一般用逗号与主句隔开。

★关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句；非限制性定语从句中关系代词作宾语时不能省略。

The earthquake was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. Mandela was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
【即时巩固】
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词或介词＋关系代词填空
1．Is this the factory ________ you visited last Friday?
2．This is the very house ________ I live in 5 years ago.
3．The picture of the river brought the hours back to the old man ________ he worked as a soldier.
4．Luckily, we'd brought a road map without ________ we would have lost our way.
5．I have many friends ________ ________ some are foreign teachers.
Ⅱ.用适当的关系词完成句子
1．Do you remember the year ________________(我们一起生活)?
2．That is the day ________________(我将永远不会忘记的)．
3．The factory ________________(我们下周将要参观的) is not far from here.
4．Is there anyone in your class ________________(他的家庭在乡村)?
5．He isn't such a man ________________(他过去的样子)．
答案：1.when we lived together 2.that/which I'll never forget 3.that/which we'll visit next week 4.whose family is in the country 5.as he used to be
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Some of the boys I invited them didn't come.
________________________________________________________________________ 2．Anyone who break the rules will be punished.
________________________________________________________________________
3．Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.
________________________________________________________________________ 4．This is the house where we lived in last year.
________________________________________________________________________ 5．This factory is that I worked in.
________________________________________________________________________ 6．That can be done has already been done.
________________________________________________________________________ 7．It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.
________________________________________________________________________ 8．This is the last lesson which Mr Smith taught me.
________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1.去掉them 2.break→breaks 3.在Children后加who/that 4.where→that/which或去掉in 5.在is后加the one 6.That→What7.where→that 8.which→that。