被动语态、虚拟语气 演示文稿

被动语态的用法 (1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.
(2)没有必要或不愿意指出谁是动作的执行者。 Paper is made of wood.
(3)强调动பைடு நூலகம்的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The window was broken by Mike. This book was written by him.
注意：1)主动语态变为被动语态，原句的时态、句式不变。 2)被动语态的谓语动词单复数随新主语的变化而变化 3）被动语态中的by短语，若by后为代词，要用宾格形式。
使用被动语态应注意的问题： 1.不及物动词(词组)不能用于被动语态： 常见的动词（词组）有happen, last, cost, appear, belong to,
3.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will／shall be＋done A meeting will be held next Tuesday.
4.过去将来时的被动语态构成：would be＋done She told us that those flowers would be moved to the park.
break out, take place ,consist of , add up to ,occur等，
The sweater cost me 80 yuan.
The war broken out in 1941. 2. 系动词不能用于被动语态： taste , feel , look , smell , sound ,
You should pay attention to your pronunciation.
---your pronunciation should be paid attention to 5.带双宾语的句子变成被动语态，有两种变法： （1）把指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而另一指物的直接
宾语仍放在动词的后面。 （2）把指物的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而把指人的间接宾
语放在后面，此时，间接宾语前通常要加介词to或for Father bought me a new coat.(主动)
---I was bought a new coat（被动） ---A new coat was bought for me. （被动） He showed me a new magazine. (主动) ---I was shown a new magazine. （被动） ---A new magazine was shown to me. （被动）
4.带介词或副词的动词短语（如look after , put on , pay attention to , look down upon） 用作被动语态的谓语时，他们原来所带 的介词或副词应保留下来。
She often looks after the old.
---The old are often looked after.
7.现在完成时的被动语态：have／has been＋done No permission has been given for anybody to enter the building.
8.过去完成时的被动语态：had been + done By the end of last term, 1000 English words had been learned by us.
have , let五看see , watch , look at , notice , observe）后面的 宾补在主动语态中不带to，但在被动语态里要加上to They made him go there alone.(主动语态) He was made to go there alone.（被动语态）
被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：am／is／are＋done Football is played all over the world.
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was／were＋done The building was built in 1995.
第十一章 被动语态和虚拟语气
被动语态 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。
巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。 Many people speak English.（主动） English is spoken by many people.（被动）
5.现在进行时的被动语态：am／is／are being＋done A teaching building is being built now.
6.过去进行时的被动语态：was/were being＋done Many trees were being planted at that time.
seem , remain , prove , become , grow, get , come , go， keep 等
The surface of the cloth feels soft.
The mixture tastes terrible. 3.使役动词和感官动词（一感feel 二听hear , listen to 三让 make ,
主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格
改为宾格。
（4）其它成分保留不变 All the people laughed at him. （主动） ----He was laughed at by all people.（被动） They make the bikes in the factory. （主动） --The bikes are made（by them）in the factory.